20F 1 f20f2018_kbsfashiongroup.htm FORM 20FUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F(Mark One)☐REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ___________ to ___________OR¨SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report:Commission file number: 00135715KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)Not Applicable(Translation of Registrant’s Name Into English)Republic of the Marshall Islands(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)Xin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of China(Address of Principal Executive Offices)Mr. Keyan Yan, Chief Executive OfficerXin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of ChinaTel: + (86) 595 8889 6198Fax: (86) 595 8850 5328(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of Each ClassName of Each Exchange On Which RegisteredCommon Stock, $0.0001 par valueNASDAQ Capital MarketSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.Units, Common Stock Purchase Warrants(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.None(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report(December 31, 2018): 2,271,299Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐No ☒If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of“large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large Accelerated Filer ☐Accelerated Filer ☐NonAccelerated Filer ☒Emerging Growth Company☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting StandardsCodification after April 5, 2012.Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:U.S. GAAP ☐International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting StandardsBoard ☒Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ☐ Item17 ☐Item 18If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒Annual Report on Form 20FYear Ended December 31, 2018TABLE OF CONTENTSPageITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS2A.Directors and Senior Management2B.Advisors2C.Auditors2ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE2A.Offer Statistics2B.Method and Expected Timetable2ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATION2A.Selected Financial Data2B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY24A.History and Development of the Company24B.Business Overview26C.Organizational Structure42D.Property, Plants and Equipment43ITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS44ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS44A.Principal Factors Affecting Financial Performance45B.Liquidity and Capital Resources50C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.51D.Trend Information51E.Off Balance Sheet Arrangements51F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations52G.Safe Harbor62ITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES63A.Directors and Senior Management63B.Compensation64C.Board Practices65D.Employees66E.Share Ownership66ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS67A.Major Shareholders67B.Related Party Transactions67C.Interests of Experts and Counsel67iTable of ContentsITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATION67A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information67B.Significant Changes68ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTING68A.Offer and Listing Details68B.Plan of Distribution68C.Markets68D.Selling Shareholders68E.Dilution68F.Expenses of the Issue68ITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATION69A.Share Capital69B.Memorandum and Articles of Association69C.Material Contracts71D.Exchange Controls71E.Taxation74F.Dividends and Paying Agents79G.Statement by Experts79H.Documents on Display79I.Subsidiary Information79ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK79ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES80A.Debt Securities80B.Warrants and Rights80C.Other Securities80D.American Depositary Shares80ITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES81ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS81ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES81A.Disclosure Controls and Procedures81B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting81C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm81D.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting82ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT82ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICS82ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES82ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES82ITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS83ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT83ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCE83ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE83ITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 19.EXHIBITS84iiTable of ContentsINTRODUCTORY NOTESUse of Certain Defined TermsExcept as otherwise indicated by the context and for the purposes of this report only, references in this report to:●“KBS,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” are to KBS Fashion Group Ltd., a company organized in the Republic of the Marshall Islands;●““KBS International,” refers to KBS International Holding Inc., a Nevada corporation, which was dissolved in August 2014;●“Hongri PRC,” refers to Hongri (Fujian) Sports Goods Co., Ltd., which is our wholly owned subsidiary organized in the PRC;●“Hongri International” are to Hongri International Holdings Limited, which is our wholly owned subsidiary and a company organized in the BVI;●“BVI” are to the British Virgin Islands;●“Hong Kong” are to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China;●“PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China;●“SEC” are to the Securities and Exchange Commission;●“Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;●“Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;●“Renminbi” and “RMB” are to the legal currency of China; and●“U.S. dollars,” “dollars” and “$” are to the legal currency of the United States.ForwardLooking InformationIn addition to historical information, this report contains forwardlooking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of theExchange Act. We use words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “target,” “plan,” “optimistic,” “intend,” “aim,” “will” or similar expressions whichare intended to identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, among others, those concerning market and industry segment growth and demandand acceptance of new and existing products; any projections of sales, earnings, revenue, margins or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategiesand objectives of management for future operations; and any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, as well as all assumptions,expectations, predictions, intentions or beliefs about future events. You are cautioned that any such forwardlooking statements are not guarantees of futureperformance and involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions, which, if they were to ever materialize or prove incorrect, could cause the results of theCompany to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forwardlooking statements. Potential risks and uncertainties include, among other things, thepossibility that we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues and profits due to our failure to anticipate consumer preferences and develop newmenswear products, our failure to execute our business expansion plan, changes in domestic and foreign laws, regulations and taxes, changes in economicconditions, uncertainties related to China’s legal system and economic, political and social events in China, a general economic downturn, a downturn in thesecurities markets, and other risks and uncertainties which are generally set forth under Item 3 “Key information—D. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and our other filings with the SEC. These reports attempt toadvise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects. The forwardlookingstatements made in this report speak only as of the date hereof and we disclaim any obligation, except as required by law, to provide updates, revisions oramendments to any forwardlooking statements to reflect changes in our expectations or future events.On February 3, 2017, approved by the shareholders, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen (1for15) reverse stock split of the Company’s issued andoutstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided that shareholders are entitled to receive the number ofshares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Stock Market on a splitadjusted basis when themarket opened on February 9, 2017. All references in this report to share and per share data have been adjusted, including historical data which have beenretroactively adjusted, to give effect to the reverse stock split unless specified otherwise.1Table of ContentsPART IITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERSA.Directors and Senior ManagementNot applicable.B.AdvisorsNot applicable.C.AuditorsNot applicable.ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLEA.Offer StatisticsNot applicable.B.Method and Expected TimetableNot applicable.ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATIONA.Selected Financial DataThe following table presents selected financial data regarding our business. It should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and relatednotes contained elsewhere in this annual report and the information under Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” The selected consolidatedstatements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, and the selected consolidated statements of financialposition data as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are included in this annual reportbeginning on page F1. The selected consolidated statements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the selectedconsolidated statements of financial position data as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements thatare not included in this annual report.Our consolidated financial statements were prepared and presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by theInternational Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The selected financial data information is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the historicalconsolidated financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere herein. The financial statements contained elsewhere fully represent our financial conditionand operations; however, they are not indicative of our future performance.2Table of ContentsYears ended December 31,20182017201620152014Statement of Income DataTotal revenue$18,535,116$23,762,536$41,200,205$61,343,681$58,832,481Total cost of sales(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)(46,511,274)(39,416,973)Gross profit(2,316,136)(11,511,816)2,158,27214,832,40719,415,508Distribution and selling expenses(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)(6,621,256)(7,191,606)Administrative expenses(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)2,798,082(4,649,229)Profit for the year(17,968,597)(14,815,596)(11,902,688)1,243,6706,876,982Total comprehensive income for the year(20,040,295)(10,004,880)(18,028,121)(4,801,102)6,526,172Outstanding shares2,299,9151,860,8311,750,1421,694,4891,694,489Earnings per share, basic diluted8.067.966.800.734.06Balance Sheet DataCash and cash equivalents$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,341$21,214,080$20,604,583Noncurrent assets29,837,87540,966,31934,754,94247,221,52952,929,386Current assets31,328,13140,343,38656,343,82362,098,95162,093,570Working capital24,463,44633,060,87748,647,18553,598,85452,704,076Total assets61,166,00681,309,70591,098,765109,310,480115,022,956Current liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,500,0979,389,493Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,503,5069,404,880Equity54,301,32174,027,19683,402,127100,816,974105,618,076B.Capitalization and IndebtednessNot applicable.C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of ProceedsNot applicable.D.Risk FactorsAn investment in our capital stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the otherinformation included in this annual report, before making an investment decision. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial conditionor results of operations could suffer. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.3Table of ContentsRISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSGeneral economic conditions, including a prolonged weakness in the economy, may affect consumer discretionary spending, which could adversely affect ourbusiness and financial performance.The apparel industry has historically been subject to substantial cyclical variations. Our business and financial performance are dependent on a number of factorsimpacting consumer discretionary spending, including general economic and business conditions; consumer confidence; wages and employment levels; thehousing market; consumer debt levels; availability of consumer credit; credit and interest rates; fuel and energy costs; energy shortages; taxes; general politicalconditions, both domestic and abroad. Consumer product purchases, including purchases of our products, may decline during recessionary periods. Our ability toaccess the capital markets may be restricted at a time when we would like, or need, to raise capital, which could impair on our ability to open additional stores orbuild additional manufacturing lines. In addition, as domestic and international economic conditions change, trends in consumer spending on discretionary items,including our merchandise, become unpredictable and subject to reductions due to economic uncertainties. A prolonged economic recovery or an uncertain outlookin the economy could result in additional declines in consumer discretionary spending, which could materially affect our financial performance.A contraction in apparel sales and production could impair our results of operations and liquidity and jeopardize our supply base.Apparel sales and production are cyclical and depend, among other things, on general economic conditions and consumer spending and preferences. As thevolume of apparel production fluctuates, the demand for our products also fluctuates. A contraction in apparel sales could harm our results of operations andliquidity. In addition, our suppliers would also be subject to many of the same consequences which could pressure their results of operations and liquidity.Depending on an individual supplier’s financial condition and access to capital, its viability could be challenged which could impact its ability to perform as weexpect and consequently our ability to meet our own commitments.If we are unable to anticipate consumer preferences and develop new menswear products, we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues andprofits.Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define apparel trends as well as to anticipate, gauge and react to changing consumer demands formenswear in a timely manner. Our target market of consumers comprises urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 with moderatetohigh levels of disposableincome. Our business is particularly sensitive to their fashion preferences, which cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumeracceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, and our future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes. If we failto anticipate accurately and respond to trends and shifts in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing product offerings, developing new products,designs, styles and categories, we could experience lower sales, excess inventories and lower profit margins. In a distressed economic and retail environment, manyof our competitors may engage in aggressive activities, such as markdowns or other promotional sales to dispose of excess, slowmoving inventory, furtherincreasing the need to react appropriately to changing consumer preferences and fashion trends. Failure to do so could adversely affect the level of acceptance ofour products, our brand image and our relationship with our distributors, and therefore have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results ofoperations.The apparel industry is highly competitive, and if we fail to compete effectively, we could lose our market position.The menswear industry is highly competitive in China and worldwide. We compete with various domestic brands with similar business models and target markets.We also compete with a growing number of international brands trying to expand their market share in China to take advantage of rising consumer spending oncasual menswear. Our primary international and domestic competitors include Exceed, Xiniya, Cabbeen, GXG and NQ. Some of our competitors are significantlylarger and have greater financial resources than we do. In order to compete effectively, we must: (1) maintain the image of our brands and our reputation forinnovation and high quality; (2) be flexible and innovative in responding to rapidly changing market demands on the basis of brand image, style, performance andquality; and (3) offer consumers a wide variety of high quality products at competitive prices.4Table of ContentsThe purchasing decisions of consumers are highly subjective and can be influenced by many factors, such as brand image, marketing programs and productfeatures. Some of our competitors enjoy competitive advantages, including greater brand recognition and greater financial resources for competitive activities, suchas sales, marketing and strategic acquisitions. The number of our direct competitors and the intensity of competition may increase as we expand into other productlines or as other companies expand into our product lines. Our competitors may enter into business combinations or alliances that strengthen their competitivepositions or prevent us from taking advantage of such combinations or alliances. Our competitors also may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than wecan to new or changing opportunities, standards or consumer preferences. Our results of operations and market position may be adversely impacted by ourcompetitors and the competitive pressures in the menswear industries.Failure to effectively promote or develop our brand could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.We sell all our products under the KBS brand, from which we derive most of our revenues. Brand image is an important factor that affects a customer’s purchasingdecision for menswear products. Our success therefore depends on, among other things, market recognition and acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture,lifestyle, and images associated with the brand, some of which may not be within our control. We have limited control over our distributors that we rely upon to sellour products, which may limit our ability to ensure a consistent brand image. See “Risks Factors Related to Our Business –We have limited control over the ultimateretail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhere to, or fail to cause the third party retail outletoperators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.” We began designing, promoting, and selling KBS branded products in China in 2006. To effectivelypromote KBS brand, we need build and maintain the brand image by focusing on a variety of promotional and marketing activities to promote brand awareness, aswell as to increase its presence in the markets in which we compete. There is no assurance that we will be able to effectively promote or develop KBS brand, and ifwe fail to do so, the goodwill of KBS brand may be undermined and our business as well as our financial results may be adversely affected. In addition, negativepublicity or disputes regarding KBS brand, products, company, or management could materially and adversely affect public perception of KBS brand. Any impact onour ability to continue to sell KBS brand or any significant damage to KBS brand’s image could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends on the continued service of our senior executives and other key employees. In particular, we rely on the expertise, experience,and business contacts, of Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ms. Lixia Tu, our Director and Chief Financial Officer and Mr. ThemisKalapotharakos, our director. If one or more of our senior executives are unable or unwilling to continue to work for us in their present positions, we may have tospend a considerable amount of time and resources searching, recruiting, and integrating the replacements into our operations, which would substantially divertmanagement’s attention from and severely disrupt the Company business. This may also adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategy. Moreover, ifany of our senior executives joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, suppliers and key employees.Failure to execute our business expansion plan could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.A large part of our initial growth resulted from an increase in the number of our retail sales outlets, including corporate and franchised stores, and the increased salesvolume and profitability provided by these sales outlets. The number of our sales outlets increased from 8 in 2006 to 33 in year 2018.5Table of ContentsWe have our factory located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China, consisting of an aggregate of 110,457 square meters of land. Currently the facility there has aproduction capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year and can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces original equipmentmanufacturer (OEM) products for online stores, regional apparel brands and overseas orders. The construction commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases:Phase 1 consists of the construction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We havecompleted the construction of facilities of Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Phase 3 construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has beendelayed because the local government needs additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Because the time forthe government to resolve this matter is uncertain, we wrote off the land use right of the third parcel of land from account balance, according to the internationalframework reporting standard. Phase 4 includes building production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quartersand living facilities on the third parcel of land. As a result, our commitments to this facility may reduce our liquidity for an indefinite period and until it is completed.We could also indefinitely lose opportunities to expand our sales due to any further delay of our construction.The decision to increase our production capacity was based in part on our projections of market demand for our products and OEM orders from other brand nameowners. If actual customer demand does not meet our projections, we will likely suffer overcapacity problems and may have to leave capacity idle or need to contractout our facilities at an unfavorable price, which may reduce our overall profitability and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our futuresuccess depends on our ability to expand the Company’s business to address growth in demand for our current and future products.Our ability to expand the Company’s business is subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including:●the unavailability of additional funding to invest more in brand recognition such as advertisement, expand our production capacity, purchase additionalfixed assets and purchase raw materials on favorable terms or at all;●our inability to manage an online shop, hire qualified personnel and establish distribution methods;●conditions in the commercial real estate market existing at the time we seek to expand;●delays and cost overruns as a result of a number of factors, many of which may be beyond our control, such as problems with equipment vendors andcontract manufacturers;●failure to maintain high quality control standards;●shortage of raw materials;●our inability to obtain, or delays in obtaining, required approvals by relevant government authorities;●diversion of significant management attention and other resources; and●failure to execute our expansion plan effectively.The expansion of our business may place significant strain on our personnel, management, financial systems and operational infrastructure and may impede ourability to meet any increased demand for our products. To accommodate the Company’s growth, we will need to implement a variety of new and upgradedoperational and financial systems, procedures, and controls, including improvements to our accounting and other internal management systems, by dedicatingadditional resources to our reporting and accounting function and improvements to our record keeping and contract tracking system. We will also need to recruitmore personnel and train and manage our growing employee base. Furthermore, we will need to maintain and expand relationships with our current and futurecustomers, suppliers, distributors and other third parties, and there is no guarantee that we will succeed.In the future, we also intend to invest more resources to research and purchase online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that we will have betteropportunities to expand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores. In addition, we will keep on exploring other areas and business models, such as theuse of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends.If we encounter any of the risks described above or if we are otherwise unable to establish or successfully operate online shops or additional production capacity,we may be unable to grow our business and revenues, reduce our operating costs, maintain our competitiveness or improve our profitability and, consequently, ourbusiness, financial condition, results of operations and prospects will be adversely affected.6Table of ContentsIf we are unable to fund capital expenditures or obtain additional sources of liquidity when we need it, our business may be adversely affected. In addition, ifwe obtain equity financing, the issuance of our equity securities could cause dilution for our stockholders. To the extent we obtain the financing through theissuance of debt securities, our debt service obligations could increase, and we may become subject to restrictive operating and financial covenants.We anticipate that we will make substantial capital investments to expand our business within the next 3 years. There is no assurance that we will have sufficientcash to fund our anticipated capital expenditures. If we need but are unable to obtain adequate financing with on terms favorable to us, we may be unable tosuccessfully maintain our operations and accomplish our growth strategy. In addition, we may be unable to generate sufficient cash internally or obtain alternativesources of capital to fund our proposed capital expenditures, take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures. As a result, we mayseek to sell additional equity securities, debt securities, or borrow from lending institutions. Any issuance of equity securities could cause dilution for ourstockholders. Any incurrence of indebtedness could increase our debt service obligations and cause us to be subject to restrictive operating and financecovenants. Our ability to obtain external financing in the future is also subject to a number of uncertainties, including:●Our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;●general market conditions for financing activities by companies in our industry;●economic, political and other conditions in China and elsewhere; and●uncertain economic prospect and tightened credit markets resulting from the recent global economic slowdown and financial market crisis.If we are unable to obtain funding in a timely manner or on commercially acceptable terms, or at all, our growth prospects and future profitability may be materiallyadversely affected. Adverse changes in the capital markets could make it difficult to obtain capital or obtain it at attractive rates.Our past results may not be indicative of our future performance and evaluating our business and prospects may be difficult.Our business has gone through various stages of the business life cycle in recent years as demonstrated by our growth in net sales, which reached $99.6 million forthe year ended December 31, 2013, while in 2014 our net sales decreased by 40% to $58.8 million and in year 2015 net sales went up slightly by 4.3% to $61.3 million,our net sales decreased by 32.8% to $41.2 million in 2016, net sales decreased 42% to $23.8 million in 2017 and net sales further decreased 22% to $18.53 million in2018. The decrease in sales in 2016, 2017 and 2018 as compared with 2013 was mainly due to the slowdown of the Chinese economic growth and a challenging retailenvironment. As a result, we cannot assure that we will be able to achieve similar growth in future periods as recent years before 2014, and our historical operatingresults may not provide a meaningful basis for evaluating our business, financial performance and prospects. Moreover, our ability to achieve satisfactoryproduction results at higher volumes is unproven. Therefore, you should not rely on our past results or our historical rate of growth as an indication of our futureperformance.We experience fluctuations in operating results.Our annual and quarterly operating results have fluctuated, and are expected to continue to fluctuate. Among the factors that may cause our operating results tofluctuate are customers’ response to merchandise offerings, the timing of the rollout of new sales outlets, seasonal variations in sales, the timing of merchandisereceipts, the level of merchandise returns, changes in merchandise mix and presentation, our cost of merchandise, unanticipated operating costs, and other factorsbeyond our control, such as general economic conditions and actions of competitors.We have historically experienced seasonal fluctuations in our sales. A substantial portion of our revenues are typically earned during the second and fourthquarters and we generally experience lowest revenues during the first and third quarters. If sales during the second and fourth quarters are lower than expected, ouroperating results would be adversely affected, and it would have a disproportionately large impact on our annual operating results. The sales of our products arealso affected by local spending behavior, which are typically affected by seasonal shopping patterns during major Chinese holidays.7Table of ContentsAs a result of these factors, we believe that periodtoperiod comparisons of historical and future results will not necessarily be meaningful and should not be reliedon as an indication of future performance.Our failure to collect the trade receivables or untimely collection could affect our liquidity.Our distributors place advance purchase orders twice a year. From 2015 to 2018, we typically expect and receive payment within 30180 days of product delivery. Inaddition, approximately 83.2% of accounts receivables are within a 180 days credit term. Starting in September 2015, we extended credit to some of our customers to150180 days without requiring collaterals. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of the financial condition of our customers and we generally require no collateralfrom our distributors and authorized retailers to secure their payment obligations. However, our sales going forward may rely more heavily on credit, and if weencounter future problems collecting amounts due from our clients or if we experience delays in the collection of amounts due from our clients, our liquidity could benegatively affected.The Chinese economy experienced a softening of economic growth, and the apparel industry is also facing a downturn. The impact of the current and possiblefuture economic downturn on our distributors cannot be predicted and may be severe, causing a significant impact on their business. As a result, our financialcondition and result of operations could be negatively affected. In addition, if they cannot continue their orders of our products due to the failure of paying us forits previous purchases, our brand image and reputation may be materially negatively affected as well.We rely on distributors for a substantial portion of our sales and the loss of any of our large distributors would harm our business. A substantial portion of our sales are made to distributors that resell our products. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, distributors accounted forapproximately 67% and 73% of our total sales, respectively, and our top five distributors accounted for approximately 23.8% and 34.8% of our total sales,respectively. The marketing efforts of our distributors are critical for our success. If we fail to attract additional distributors, and our existing distributors do notpromote our products at the same or at a greater level than the products of our competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could beadversely affected.Furthermore, there is no assurance that any of our distributors will satisfy the sales targets set forth in their distribution agreements and we or they may not wish torenew the distribution agreements in future years. Moreover, our distributors are not obliged to continue to place orders with the Company at the same level asbefore or at all and there is no assurance that we would be able to obtain orders from other distributors to replace any such lost sales on terms satisfactory to us orall. If any of our largest distributors substantially reduces its purchases from us, or otherwise fails to renew its distribution agreement with us, we may suffer asignificant loss of sales and our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We have limited control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhereto, or fail to cause the third party retail outlet operators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.We rely on the contractual obligations set forth in the distribution agreements that we enter into with our distributors, as well as policies and standards we formulatefrom time to time, to impose our retail policies on these distributors in respect of the franchisee retail outlets. In addition, as we do not enter into any agreementswith the third party retail outlet operators, we rely on our distributors to ensure that these franchisee retail outlets operate in accordance with our retail policies. Assuch, our control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and the franchisee retail outlet operators is limited. There is no assurance that our distributors orthe third party franchisee retail outlet operators will comply with, or that the distributors will enforce, our retail policies. As a result, we may not be able to effectivelymanage our sales network or maintain a uniform brand image, and cannot assure you that franchisee retail outlets would continue to offer quality services toconsumers.8Table of ContentsIn addition, if any of the distributors or third party franchisee retail outlet operators experiences difficulties in selling our products in the retail market, they mayattempt to disregard our pricing policies and liquidate their excessive inventory buildup through aggressive discounts, which may damage the image and the valueof our brand. There is no assurance that we will be able to, in a timely manner, impose penalties on or replace any distributors who consistently fail to comply with,or fail to cause the third party franchisee retail outlet operators appointed by them to comply with, our retail policies in their operation of franchisee retail outlets. Insuch event, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We may not be able to accurately track the inventory levels at our distributors, retailers or department store concessions.Our ability to track the sales by our distributors to thirdparty retailers and the ultimate retail sales by the retailers, and consequently their respective inventorylevels, is limited. We implement a policy to require our distributors to provide us with their sales reports on a weekly basis and we carry out random onsiteinspections of our distributors to track their inventories. The purpose of tracking the inventory level is mainly to gather information regarding the market acceptanceof our products so that we can reflect consumers’ preferences in the design and development of our products for the next season. The tracking of inventory levelalso helps us to understand the market recognition of our products in a particular region, and thus allows us to adjust our marketing strategy if necessary. Theimplementation of the policy, however, requires the distributors to accurately report the relevant data to us in a timely manner, which is largely dependent on thecooperation of the Company’s distributors. We may not always obtain the required data in time and the data provided to us by our distributors may be inaccurate orincomplete.Inaccurate, mistaken, incomplete or delayed data regarding inventory levels may mislead the Company to make wrong business judgments for its production,marketing efforts and sales strategies. If that happens, our operations and financial results may be materially adversely affected. In addition, if we cannot manageinventory levels properly, future orders of our products may be reduced, which would materially adversely affect our future business, financial condition, results ofoperation and prospects.Our operations could be materially adversely affected if we fail to effectively manage our relationships with, or lose the services of, our OEM contractmanufacturers.The production of our brand name products are 100% outsourced to PRCbased thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2018 and2017 we had 5 and 6 contract manufacturers, respectively. Purchases from our top five OEM contract manufacturers accounted for approximately 92% and 88.6% ofour total purchases for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As we do not enter into longterm contracts with our OEM contractmanufacturers, they may decide not to accept our future OEM orders on the same or similar terms, or at all. If an OEM contract manufacturer decides to substantiallyreduce its volume of supply to us or to terminate its business relationship with us, we may not be able to find a proper replacement in a timely manner and may beforced to default on the agreements with our distributors that sell our products. This may negatively impact our revenues and adversely affect our reputation andrelationships with our distributors that sell our products, causing a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.Further, if any of our OEM contract manufacturers fails to provide the required number of products meeting our quality standards, we may have to delay delivery ofproducts to our distributors, become unable to supply products at all, or even recall products previously dispatched. This could cause the Company to loserevenues or market share and damage our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operationsand prospects. In addition, some OEM contract manufacturers may not fully comply with certain laws, such as labor and environmental laws. If any of our OEMcontract manufacturers is found to have violated laws and regulations in the PRC, media reports on such violations may negatively affect our reputation and image,resulting in material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.9Table of ContentsWhile we provide the designs of our products to the OEM contract manufacturers, as well as guidance for manufacturing the products ordered by us, we do nothave direct control over the OEM contract manufacturers. If any of them is involved in unauthorized production and sale of goods using the KBS brand, ourreputation, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.As the Company grows, our reliance on OEM contract manufacturers may also grow as our added production capacity may not be sufficient to keep pace with theincreased production requirements driven by our growth. We may not be able to find sufficient additional OEM contract manufacturers to produce our products onthe same or similar terms as our existing OEM contract manufacturers, and we may not be able to achieve our growth and development goals.Any interruption in our operations could impair our financial performance and negatively affect our brand. Our operations are complicated and integrated, involving the coordination of thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers and external distribution processes. Whilethese operations are modified on a regular basis in an effort to improve outsourcing and distribution efficiency and flexibility, we may experience difficulties incoordinating the various aspects of our operations processes, thereby causing downtime and delays. In addition, we may encounter interruption in our operationsprocesses due to a catastrophic loss or events beyond our control, such as fires, explosions, labor disturbances or violent weather conditions. Any interruptions inour operations or capabilities at our facilities could result in our inability to procure our products, which would reduce our net sales and earnings for the affectedperiod. If there are delays in delivery times to our customers, our business and reputation could be severely affected. Any significant delays in deliveries to ourcustomers could lead to increased returns or cancellations and cause the Company to lose future sales. The Company currently does not have business interruptioninsurance to offset these potential losses, delays and risks so a material interruption of our business operations could severely damage our business.We rely heavily on our management information system for inventory management, distribution and other functions. If our system fail to perform thesefunctions adequately or if we experience an interruption in our operation, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. The efficient operation of our business is dependent on our management information systems. We rely heavily on our management information systems to manageour order entry, order fulfillment, pricing, pointofsale and inventory replenishment processes. We cannot assure you that our management information system will operate properly or without interruption. Any malfunction to any part or all of our managementinformation system for a prolonged period may cause delays in operations or impairment of our overall business efficiency. We also cannot ensure that the level ofsecurity currently maintained will be sufficient to protect the system from third party intrusions, viruses, lost or stolen data, or similar situations. Additionally, aspart of our growth and development strategy over the next few years, we plan to upgrade and improve our management information system. We cannot assure youthat there will be no interruptions to our management information system during the upgrades or that the new management information system will be able tointegrate fully with the existing information system. The failure of our management information system to perform as we anticipate could disrupt our business and could result in decreased revenue, increased overheadcosts and excess or outofstock inventory levels, causing our business and results of operations to suffer materially. Failure to protect the integrity, security and use of our customers’ information and media could expose us to litigation and materially damage our standingwith our customers. Increasing costs associated with information security — such as increased investment in technology, the costs of compliance with consumer protection laws andcosts resulting from consumer fraud — could cause our business and results of operations to suffer materially. While we have taken significant steps to protectcustomer and confidential information, including entering into confidentiality agreements with relevant employees and incorporate confidentiality clauses in ourpolicies, there can be no assurance that advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments will prevent thecompromise of our customer transaction processing capabilities and personal data. If any such compromise of our security were to occur, it could have a materialadverse effect on our reputation, operating results and financial condition. Any such compromise may materially increase the costs we incur to protect against suchinformation security breaches and could subject us to additional legal risk. Procurement specialists and managers are required to sign a confidentiality agreement. 10Table of ContentsWe have limited insurance coverage in China and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses. Operation of our facilities involves many risks, including equipment failures, natural disasters, industrial accidents, power outages, labor disturbances and otherbusiness interruptions. We do not carry any business interruption insurance, product recall or thirdparty liability insurance for our production facilities or withrespect to our products to cover claims pertaining to personal injury or property or environmental damage arising from defects in our products, product recalls,accidents on our property or damage relating to our operations. While business interruption insurance and other types of insurance are available to a limited extentin China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of such insurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commerciallyreasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Therefore, our existing insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all risks associatedwith our business. As a result, we may be required to pay for financial and other losses, damages and liabilities, including those caused by natural disasters andother events beyond our control, out of our own funds, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our inability to protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights may prevent us from successfully marketing our products and competingeffectively. We believe our trademarks and other intellectual property rights are important to our success and competitive position and recognize the importance of registeringthe trademarks related to our KBS brand for protection against infringement. We currently hold two registered trademarks. Failure to protect our intellectual propertycould harm our brand and our reputation, and adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. Further, enforcing or defending our intellectual property rights,including our trademarks, patents, copyrights and trade secrets, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. We produce, marketand sell our products under registered trademarks. We regard our intellectual property, particularly our trademarks and trade secrets to be of considerable value andimportance to our business and our success. We rely on a combination of trademark, patent, and trade secrecy laws, and contractual provisions to protect ourintellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect these proprietary rights will be adequate or that third parties will notinfringe or misappropriate our trademarks, trade secrets or similar proprietary rights. In addition, there can be no assurance that other parties will not assertinfringement claims against us, and we may have to pursue litigation against other parties to assert our rights. Any such claim or litigation could be costly, and wemay lack the resources required to defend against such claims. In addition, any event that would jeopardize our proprietary rights or any claims of infringement bythird parties could have a material adverse effect on our ability to market or sell our brands, and profitably exploit our products.Environmental regulations impose substantial costs and limitations on our operations. We use chemicals and produce significant emissions in our manufacturing operations. As such, we are subject to various national and local environmental laws andregulations in China concerning issues such as air emissions, wastewater discharges, and solid waste management and disposal. These laws and regulations canrestrict or limit our operations and expose us to liability and penalties for noncompliance. While we believe that our facilities are in material compliance with allapplicable environmental laws and regulations, the risks of substantial unanticipated costs and liabilities related to compliance with these laws and regulations arean inherent part of our business. It is possible that future conditions may develop, arise or be discovered that create new environmental compliance or remediationliabilities and costs. While we believe that we can comply with existing environmental legislation and regulatory requirements and that the costs of compliance havebeen included within budgeted cost estimates, compliance may prove to be more limiting and costly than anticipated.We may be unable to establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, and, as a result, we may be unable to accuratelyreport our financial results or prevent fraud.We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities law. The SEC as required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (“SOX 404”), adoptedrules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal control over financial reporting in its annual report, which mustalso contain management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, the independent registered publicaccounting firm auditing the financial statements of a company that is not a nonaccelerated filer under Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act must also attest to theoperating effectiveness of the company’s internal controls.11Table of ContentsFailure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could result in our inability to accurately report our financial results, prevent or detect fraudor provide timely and reliable financial and other information pursuant to the reporting obligations we have as a public company, which could have a materialadverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, it could cause our investors to lose confidence in the information we report,which could adversely affect our stock price.RISKS RELATED TO DOING BUSINESS IN CHINAOur business operation may be affected if we are forced to relocate our manufacturing facilities and stores.We leased the premises for our office located in Shishi and one corporate store. However, none of our lease agreements have been registered with the relevantgovernmental agencies. According to our PRC legal counsel, without registration, our rights to use and occupy the premises may not be secured if any third partiessuch as other tenants who have registered their lease agreements challenge us under PRC law. Moreover, while we have taken various measures to verify theownership of property such as checking utility bills and search government records, most of our landlords have declined to confirm whether they possess theproperty ownership certificates and land use rights certificates for our properties. As a result, we have been unable to verify whether third parties may assert theirownership rights under PRC law against most of our landlords or challenge most of our leases in the future. If our rights to use the premises are challenged, we maybe forced to relocate to other premises. We may not be able to relocate to a suitable premise promptly or lease alternative premises on terms at least as favorable asour existing ones. In addition, relocation costs and interruption of production may have a material adverse effect on our business operation and financialperformance.Changes in the economic and political policies of the PRC government could have a material and adverse effect on our business and operations.We conduct substantially all our business operations in China. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are significantly dependenton economic and political developments in China. China’s economy differs from the economies of developed countries in many aspects, including the level ofdevelopment, growth rate and degree of government control over foreign exchange and allocation of resources. While China’s economy has experienced significantgrowth in the past 30 years, the growth has been uneven across different regions and periods and among various economic sectors in China. We cannot assure youthat China’s economy will continue to grow, or that if there is growth, such growth will be steady and uniform, or that if there is a slowdown, such slowdown will nothave a negative effect on its business and results of operations.The PRC government exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, control over payment of foreign currencydenominated obligations, implementation of monetary policy, and preferential treatment of particular industries or companies. Certain measures adopted by the PRCgovernment may restrict loans to certain industries, such as changes in the statutory deposit reserve ratio and lending guidelines for commercial banks by thePeople’s Bank of China, or PBOC. These current and future government actions could materially affect our liquidity, access to capital, and ability to operate ourbusiness.The global financial markets experienced significant disruptions in 2008 and the United States, Europe and other economies went into recession. Since 2012, growthof the Chinese economy has slowed. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources.Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy but may also have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operation could bematerially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, any stimulusmeasures designed to boost the Chinese economy, may contribute to higher inflation, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.See “Risks Related to Doing Business in China Future inflation in China may inhibit our ability to conduct business in China.”12Table of ContentsUncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the legal protections available to you and us.We conduct substantially all of our business through our operating subsidiaries in the PRC. Our operating subsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulationsapplicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws applicable to foreigninvested enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes, andprior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, a series of new PRC laws and regulations have significantlyenhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, since the PRC legal system continues to evolve rapidly, theinterpretations of many laws, regulations, and rules are not always uniform, and enforcement of these laws, regulations, and rules involve uncertainties, which maylimit legal protections available to you and us. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources andmanagement attention. In addition, most of our executive officers and directors are residents of China and not of the United States, and substantially all the assets ofthese persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it could be difficult for investors to affect service of process in the United States or to enforce ajudgment obtained in the United States against our Chinese operations and subsidiaries.You may have difficulty enforcing judgments against us.Most of our assets are located outside of the United States and most of our current operations are conducted in the PRC. In addition, most of our directors andofficers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons is located outside the UnitedStates. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce inU.S. courts judgments on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, most of whom are not residents inthe United States and the substantial majority of whose assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts ofthe PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts. Our counsel as to PRC law has advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgmentsare provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. Courts in China may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRCCivil Procedures Law based on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have anytreaties or other arrangements that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments with the United States. In addition, according to thePRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violatesbasic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security, or the public interest. So, it is uncertain whether a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by acourt in the United States.The PRC government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities.The PRC government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and stateownership. Our ability to operate in China may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, import and export tariffs,environmental regulations, land use rights, property, and other matters. We believe that our operations in China are in material compliance with all applicable legaland regulatory requirements. However, the central or local governments of the jurisdictions in which we operate may impose new, stricter regulations orinterpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations orinterpretations.Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision not to continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more centrally plannedeconomy or regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant effect on economic conditions in China or particularregions thereof and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then hold in Chinese properties or joint venturesRestrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our sales effectively. The majority of our sales will be settled in RMB and U.S. dollars, and any future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit our ability to use revenue generated inRMB to fund any future business activities outside China or to make dividend or other payments in U.S. dollars. Although the Chinese government introducedregulations in 1996 to allow greater convertibility of the RMB for current account transactions, significant restrictions still remain, including primarily the restrictionthat foreigninvested enterprises may only buy, sell or remit foreign currencies after providing valid commercial documents, at those banks in China authorized toconduct foreign exchange business. In addition, conversion of RMB for capital account items, including direct investment and loans, is subject to governmentalapproval in China, and companies are required to open and maintain separate foreign exchange accounts for capital account items. We cannot be certain that theChinese regulatory authorities will not impose more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of the RMB in the future.13Table of ContentsFluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.The value of our securities will be indirectly affected by the foreign exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and RMB and between those currencies and othercurrencies in which our sales may be denominated. Appreciation or depreciation in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial resultsreported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations. Fluctuations in the exchange rate will alsoaffect the relative value of any dividend we issue that will be exchanged into U.S. dollars, as well as earnings from, and the value of, any U.S. dollardenominatedinvestments we make in the future.Since July 2005, the RMB has no longer been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Since then the RMB has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly andunpredictably, and in recent years the RMB has depreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progresstowards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate systemand there is no guarantee that the RMB will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how marketforces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future.Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedgingtransactions. While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited, and we may not beable to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition, our foreign currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrictour ability to convert RMB into foreign currencies. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends and other distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you, and otherwise fund and conduct our business. Substantially all of our sales are earned by our PRC subsidiaries. However, PRC regulations restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make dividends and otherpayments to their offshore parent companies. PRC legal restrictions permit payments of dividends by our PRC subsidiaries only out of their accumulated aftertaxprofits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are also required under PRC laws and regulations toallocate at least 10% of their annual aftertax profits determined in accordance with PRC GAAP to a statutory general reserve fund until the amounts in said fundreaches 50% of their registered capital. Allocations to these statutory reserve funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not transferable to us in the formof loans, advances, or cash dividends. Any limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to transfer funds to us could materially and adversely limit our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends and otherwise fund and conduct our business.PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary toliability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital ordistribute profits.SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing andRoundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as “SAFECircular 75” promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of the SAFE in connection with theirdirect establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets orequity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a “special purpose vehicle.” SAFE Circular 37 furtherrequires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capitalcontributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in aspecial purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profitdistributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent crossborder foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted inits ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described abovecould result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for theForeign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015 by SAFE, local banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration foroverseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under SAFE Circular 37 from June 1, 2015.14Table of ContentsAccording to SAFE Circular 37, our shareholders or beneficial owners, who are PRC residents, are subject to SAFE Circular 37 or other foreign exchangeadministrative regulations in respect of their investment in our company. We have notified substantial beneficial owners of ordinary shares who we know are PRCresidents of their filing obligations. Nevertheless, we may not be aware of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. We do not havecontrol over our beneficial owners and there can be no assurance that all of our PRCresident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE Circular 37 and subsequentimplementation rules, and there is no assurance that the registration under SAFE Circular 37 and any amendment will be completed in a timely manner, or will becompleted at all. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their foreign exchange registrations in a timely manner pursuant toSAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with theregistration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to fines andlegal sanctions. Such failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiary and limitour PRC subsidiary’s ability to distribute dividends to our company. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and resultsof operations.Furthermore, SAFE Circular 37 is unclear how this regulation, and any future regulation concerning offshore or crossborder transactions, will be interpreted,amended and implemented by the relevant PRC government authorities, and we cannot predict how these regulations will affect our business operations or futurestrategy. Failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRCsubsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to us. These risks could in the future have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results ofoperations.We may be unable to complete a business combination transaction efficiently or on favorable terms due to complicated merger and acquisition regulationswhich became effective on September 8, 2006.On August 9, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the China Securities Regulatory Commission, promulgated the Regulation on Mergers and Acquisitionsof Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006, and was subsequently amended in 2009. This regulation, among otherthings, governs the approval process of a PRC company’s participation in an acquisition of assets or equity interests. Depending on the structure of the transaction,the regulation requires the PRC parties to make a series of applications and supplemental applications to the government agencies for approval of acquisition ofassets or equity interests from other entity. In some instances, the application process may require a presentation of economic data concerning the transaction,including appraisals of the target business and evaluations of the acquirer, which are designed to allow the government to assess viability of the transaction.Government approvals will have expiration dates, by which a transaction must be completed and reported to the government agencies. Compliance with theregulation is likely to be more time consuming and expensive than it was in the past, and provides the government more controls over business combination of twoenterprises. As a result, our ability to engage in business combination transactions has become significantly more complicated, time consuming, and expensive. Wemay not be able to negotiate a transaction that is acceptable to our stockholders or sufficiently protect their interests in a transaction.The regulation allows PRC governmental agencies to assess the economic terms of a business combination transaction. Parties to a business combinationtransaction may have to submit to MOFCOM and other relevant government agencies an appraisal report, an evaluation report, and the acquisition agreement, all ofwhich were a part of the application for approval, depending on the structure of the transaction. The regulation also prohibits a transaction with an acquisition priceobviously lower than the appraised value of the PRC business or assets and in certain transaction structures, and requires consideration being paid within a definedperiod, generally not in excess of a year. The regulation also limits our ability to negotiate various terms of the acquisition, including the initial consideration,contingent consideration, holdback provisions, indemnification provisions, and provisions related to the assumption and allocation of assets and liabilities.Transaction structures involving trusts, nominees and similar entities are prohibited. Therefore, such regulation may impede our ability to negotiate and complete abusiness combination transaction on financial terms that satisfy our investors and protect our stockholders’ economic interests.15Table of ContentsPRC regulation of loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion mayrestrict or prevent us from using the proceeds of our future financings to make loans to our PRC subsidiaries, or to make additional capital contributions toour PRC subsidiary.We, as an offshore holding company, are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC subsidiary, which are treated as foreigninvestedenterprises under PRC laws, through loans or capital contributions. However, loans by us to any PRC subsidiary to finance its activities cannot exceed statutorylimits and must be registered with the local counterpart of SAFE and capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary are subject to the requirement of making necessaryfilings in the Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System, and registration with other governmental authorities in China.SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital ofForeigninvested Enterprises, or Circular 19, effective on June 1, 2015, in replacement of the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvementof the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign Invested Enterprises, or Circular 142, the Notice from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Exchange Businesses, or Circular 59, and theCircular on Further Clarification and Regulation of the Issues Concerning the Administration of Certain Capital Account Foreign Exchange Businesses, orCircular 45. According to Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of a foreigninvestedcompany is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans, the repayment of interenterprise loans or the repayment ofbank loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of aforeign invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within the PRC, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFEwill permit such capital to be used for equity investments in the PRC in actual practice. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, whichreiterates some of the rules set forth in Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registeredcapital of a foreigninvested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to grant loans to nonassociated enterprises.Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. Circular 19 and Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer anyforeign currency we hold, including the net proceeds from our future financings, to our PRC subsidiary, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability tofund and expand our business in the PRC.Due to the restrictions imposed on loans in foreign currencies extended to any PRC domestic companies, we are not likely to make such loans to any of our PRCsubsidiaries. Meanwhile, we are not likely to finance the activities of our subsidiaries by means of capital contributions given the restrictions on foreign investmentin the businesses that are currently conducted by our subsidiaries.In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannotassure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, withrespect to future loans to our PRC subsidiary or any consolidated variable interest entity or future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiary. As a result,uncertainties exist as to our ability to provide prompt financial support to our PRC subsidiaries when needed. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain suchapprovals, our ability to use foreign currency, including the proceeds we received from our future financings, and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operationsmay be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.16Table of ContentsAny failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal oradministrative sanctions.Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas nonpubliclylisted companies may submit applications to SAFE orits local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. In the meantime, our directors, executive officers andother employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year, subject to limitedexceptions, and who have been granted restricted shares, options or restricted share units, or RSUs, by us or our overseas listed subsidiaries may follow the Noticeon Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company,issued by SAFE in February 2012, to apply for the foreign exchange registration. According to those regulations, employees, directors and other managementmembers participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC citizens residing in China for acontinuous period of not less than one year, subject to limited exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which may be aPRC subsidiary of the overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines andlegal sanctions and may also limit their ability to make payment under the relevant equity incentive plans or receive dividends or sales proceeds related thereto inforeign currencies, or our ability to contribute additional capital into our domestic subsidiaries in China and limit our domestic subsidiaries’ ability to distributedividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties under PRC law that could restrict our ability or the ability of our overseas listed subsidiaries to adoptadditional equity incentive plans for our directors and employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period ofnot less than one year, subject to limited exceptions.In addition, the State Administration of Taxation has issued circulars concerning employee share options, restricted shares or RSUs. Under these circulars,employees working in the PRC who exercise share options, or whose restricted shares or RSUs vest, will be subject to PRC individual income tax. The PRCsubsidiaries of an overseas listed company have obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authoritiesand to withhold individual income taxes of those employees related to their share options, restricted shares or RSUs. If the employees fail to pay, or the PRCsubsidiaries fail to withhold, their income taxes according to relevant laws, rules and regulations, the PRC subsidiaries may face sanctions imposed by the taxauthorities.Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a “resident enterprise” of China. Such classification will likely result in unfavorable taxconsequences to us and our nonPRC shareholders.On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress of China passed a new Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law. On November 28, 2007, the State Council ofChina passed its implementing rules, which took effect on January 1, 2008. Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto managementbodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise,” meaning that it can be treated in a manner similar to a Chinese enterprise for enterprise income taxpurposes. The implementing rules of the EIT Law define de facto management as “substantial and overall management and control over the production andoperations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise.On April 22, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice Concerning Relevant Issues Regarding Cognizance of Chinese Investment ControlledEnterprises Incorporated Offshore as Resident Enterprises. According to the Criteria of de facto Management Bodies, or the Notice, further interprets the applicationof the EIT Law and its implementation nonChinese enterprise or group controlled offshore entities. Pursuant to the Notice, an enterprise incorporated in an offshorejurisdiction and controlled by a Chinese enterprise or group will be classified as a “nondomestically incorporated resident enterprise” if (i) its senior management incharge of daily operations reside or perform their duties mainly in China; (ii) its financial or personnel decisions are made or approved by bodies or persons in China;(iii) its substantial assets and properties, accounting books, corporate chops, board and shareholder minutes are kept in China; and (iv) at least half of its directorswith voting rights or senior management often resident in China. A resident enterprise would be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on its worldwideincome and must pay a withholding tax at a rate of 10%, when paying dividends to its nonPRC shareholders. However, it remains unclear as to whether the Notice isapplicable to an offshore enterprise incorporated by a Chinese natural person, nor detailed measures on imposition of tax from nondomestically incorporatedresident enterprises are available. Therefore, it is unclear how tax authorities will determine tax residency based on the facts of each case.17Table of ContentsWe may be deemed to be a resident enterprise by Chinese tax authorities. If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for the PRCenterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on financingproceeds and nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although, under the EIT Law and its implementingrules, dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued a guidance with respect to the processingof outbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for the PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidanceissued with respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation, which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to ournonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC stockholders from transferring our shares.Our failure to fully comply with PRC laws relating to social insurance and housing accumulation fund may expose it to potential administrative penalties. The PRC laws and regulations require all employers in China to fully contribute their own portion to the social insurance and housing accumulation funds for theiremployees within a certain period of time. Failure to do so may expose the employers to make rectification for the unpaid contributions by the relevant laborauthority. As of the date of this report, Hongri PRC has not paid housing accumulation funds for its employees. In addition, Hongri PRC failed to make contributions to thesocial insurance in full amount for its employees before 2014. PRC governmental authorities may impose penalties on Hongri PRC for failure to comply. In addition, inthe event that any current or former employee files a complaint with the PRC government, Hongri PRC may be subject to making up the contributions to the socialinsurance and housing accumulation funds as well as paying administrative fines. The total cost of these contributions and any related fines or penalties could besignificant and could have a material adverse effect on our working capital. We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Chinese anticorruption laws, and any determination that we violated these lawscould have a material adverse effect on our business. We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act, or FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and theirofficials and political parties by U.S. persons and issuers as defined by the statute, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have operations,agreements with third parties, and make most of our sales in China. The PRC also strictly prohibits bribery of government officials. Our activities in China create therisk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company, even though they may not alwaysbe subject to our control. It is our policy to implement safeguards to discourage these practices by our employees. However, our existing safeguards and any futureimprovements may prove to be less than effective, and the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company may engage in conduct for whichwe might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA or Chinese anticorruption laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to otherliabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the U.S. government may seek to hold our Companyliable for successor liability FCPA violations committed by companies in which we invest or that we acquire. If we become directly subject to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.listed Chinese companies, we may have to expendsignificant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations, stock price and reputation, and could result in a loss ofyour investment in our stock, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favorably. In the past few years, U.S. publicly traded companies that have substantially all of their operations in China, particularly companies like us have been the subject ofintense scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators, and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism,and negative publicity has centered around financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, lacking effective internal controls over financial accounting,inadequate corporate governance policies or lacking of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, criticism, and negativepublicity, the publicly traded stocks of many U.S. listed Chinese companies have sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, have become virtually worthless.Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions, and are conducting internal and external investigations into theallegations. It is not clear the effect of this sectorwide scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity will have on our Company, our business, and our stock price. If webecome the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources toinvestigate such allegations defending our Company. This situation will be costly, time consuming, and distract our management from growing our company.18Table of ContentsThe disclosures in our reports and other filings with the SEC and our other public pronouncements will not be subject to the scrutiny of any regulatory bodiesin the PRC. Accordingly, our public disclosure should be reviewed in light of the fact that no governmental agency that is located in China where all of ouroperations and business are located have conducted any due diligence on our operations or reviewed or cleared any of our disclosure. Unlike public reporting companies whose operations are located primarily in the United States, however, all of our operations will be located in China. Since all of ouroperations and business takes place in China, it may be more difficult for the Staff of the SEC to overcome the geographic and cultural obstacles that are presentwhen reviewing our disclosure. These same obstacles are not present for similar companies whose operations or business take place entirely or primarily in theUnited States. Furthermore, our SEC reports and other disclosure and public pronouncements are not subject to the review or scrutiny of any PRC regulatoryauthority. For example, the disclosure in our SEC reports and other filings are not subject to the review of the CSRC, a PRC regulator that is tasked with oversight ofthe capital markets in China. Accordingly, you should review our SEC reports, filings and our other public pronouncements with the understanding that no localregulator has done any due diligence on our company and with the understanding that none of our SEC reports, other filings or any of our other publicpronouncements has been reviewed or otherwise been scrutinized by any local regulator. Proceedings instituted by the SEC against five PRCbased accounting firms could result in financial statements being determined to be not in compliance withthe requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.In December 2012, the SEC instituted proceedings under Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) of the SEC’s Rules of Practice against five PRCbased accounting firms alleging that thesefirms had violated U.S. securities laws and the SEC’s rules and regulations thereunder by failing to provide to the SEC the firms’ work papers related to their audits ofcertain PRCbased companies that are publicly traded in the United States. Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) grants to the SEC the authority to deny to any person, temporarily orpermanently, the ability to practice before the SEC who is found by the SEC, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, to have willfully violated, or willfully aidedand abetted the violation of, any such laws or rules and regulations. On January 22, 2014, an initial administrative law decision was issued, sanctioning four of theseaccounting firms and suspending them from practicing before the SEC for a period of six months. The sanction will not take effect until there is an order ofeffectiveness issued by the SEC. In February 2014, four of these PRCbased accounting firms filed a petition for review of the initial decision. In February 2015, eachof these four accounting firms agreed to a censure and to pay fine to the SEC to settle the dispute with the SEC. The settlement stays the current proceeding for fouryears, during which time the firms are required to follow detailed procedures to seek to provide the SEC with access to Chinese firms’ audit documents via the CSRC.If a firm does not follow the procedures, the SEC would impose penalties such as suspensions, or commence a new, expedited administrative proceeding against thenoncompliant firm or it could restart the administrative proceeding against all four firms.If our independent registered public accounting firm were denied, temporarily or permanently, the ability to practice before the SEC, and we are unable to find in atimely manner another registered public accounting firm which can audit and issue a report on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determinedto not be in compliance with the requirements for financial statements of public companies with a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the SEC’s revocation of the registration of our common stock under theExchange Act, which would cause the immediate delisting of our common stock from the NASDAQ Capital Market, and the effective termination of the tradingmarket for our common stock in the United States, which would likely have a significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.19Table of ContentsOur holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should we decide inthe future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depend upon the receipts of dividends or other payments fromour operating subsidiaries, other holdings, and investments. In addition, our operating subsidiaries, from time to time, may be subject to restrictions on their abilityto make distributions to us, including as a result of restrictive covenants in loan agreements, restrictions on the conversion of local currency into U.S. dollars orother hard currency, and other regulatory restrictions as discussed below. If future dividends are paid in RMB, fluctuations in the exchange rate for conversion ofRMB into U.S. dollars may reduce the amount received by the U.S. stockholders upon conversion of dividend payments into U.S. dollars.Chinese regulations currently permit the payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards andregulations. Our subsidiaries in China are also required to set aside a portion of their aftertax profits to fund certain reserve funds according to the Chineseaccounting standards and regulations. Currently, our subsidiaries in China are the only sources of revenues or investment holdings for the payment of dividends. Ifthey do not accumulate sufficient profits under Chinese accounting standards and regulations to satisfy certain reserve funds as required by the Chineseaccounting standards, we will be unable to pay any dividends.Aftertax profits/losses with respect to the payment of dividends from accumulated profits and the annual appropriation of aftertax profits as calculated pursuant tothe Chinese accounting standards and regulations do not result in significant differences as compared to aftertax earnings as presented in our financial statements.However, there are certain differences between PRC accounting standards and regulations and U.S. GAAP, arising from different treatment of items such asamortization of intangible assets and change in fair value of contingent consideration rising from business combinations.RISKS RELATED TO THIS OFFERING AND THE MARKET FOR OUR SECURITIES GENERALLYIf we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of NASDAQ, we would face possible delisting, which would result in a limited public market for ourshares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Our common stock is traded and listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “KBSF.” The common stock may be delisted if we fail to maintain certainNasdaq listing requirements. For instance, companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bidprice per share of $1.00 for 30 consecutive business days. On March 3, 2016, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the 30 consecutive businessdays between January 20, 2016 and March 2, 2016, the bid price of our common stock closed below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQListing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued inclusion on The NASDAQ Capital Market. In accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we had an initial graceperiod of 180 calendar days, or until August 30, 2016, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. After the Company effectuated a oneforfifteenreverse stock split of the outstanding common stock, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq on February 27, 2017 stating that because the Company maintainedthe closing bid price of its common stock at $1.00 per share or greater from February 9 to February 24, 2017, they determined that the Company has regainedcompliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement.We cannot ensure you that we will continue to comply with the requirements for continued listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If our commonstock is no longer listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market, our shares would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our shares could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, andsecurity analysts’ coverage of us may be reduced. In addition, in the event our shares are delisted, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed uponthem, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions in our shares, further limiting the liquidity of our shares. These factors could result in lowerprices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our shares. Such delisting from The NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our shareprice could also greatly impair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing, and could significantly increase the ownershipdilution to shareholders caused by our issuing equity in financing or other transactions.20Table of ContentsIf we were delisted from NASDAQ, we may become subject to the trading complications experienced by “Penny Stocks” in the overthecounter market.Delisting from NASDAQ may cause our shares of common stock to become the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. The SEC generally defines a penny stock as an equitysecurity that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. One such exemption is tobe listed on NASDAQ. The market price of our common stock is currently higher than $1.00 per share. However, because the daily trading volume in our commonstock is very low, significant price movement can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Therefore, were we to be delisted from NASDAQ,our common stock may become subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. These rules require, among other things, that any broker engaging in a purchase or sale ofour securities provide its customers with: (i) a risk disclosure document, (ii) disclosure of market quotations, if any, (iii) disclosure of the compensation of the brokerand its salespersons in the transaction and (iv) monthly account statements showing the market values of our securities held in the customer’s accounts. A brokerwould be required to provide the bid and offer quotations and compensation information before effecting the transaction. This information must be contained on thecustomer’s confirmation. Generally, brokers are less willing to effect transactions in penny stocks due to these additional delivery requirements. These requirementsmay make it more difficult for shareholders to purchase or sell our shares. Because the broker, not us, prepares this information, we would not be able to assure thatsuch information is accurate, complete or current.Trading in our shares over the last three months has been very limited, so our stock price is highly volatile, leading to the possibility that you may not be able tosell as much stock as you want at prevailing prices.Because approximately 70% of our then issued and outstanding shares of common stock was tendered in the tender offering closed on July 29, 2014, we currentlyhave a limited amount of shares eligible for public trading. The average daily trading volume in our common stock over the last three months is very limited. If limitedtrading in our common stock continues, it may be difficult for investors to sell their shares in the public market at any given time at prevailing prices. Moreover, themarket price for shares of our common stock may be made more volatile because of the relatively low volume of trading in our common stock. When trading volumeis low, significant price movement of our common stock can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Volatility in our common stock couldcause stockholders to incur substantial losses.Numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly.There are numerous additional factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly. Thesefactors include:●our earnings releases, actual or anticipated changes in our earnings, fluctuations in our operating results or our failure to meet the expectations of financialmarket analysts and investors;●changes in financial estimates by us or by any securities analysts who might cover our shares;●speculation about our business in the press or the investment community;●significant developments relating to our relationships with our customers or suppliers;●stock market price and volume fluctuations of other publicly traded companies and, in particular, those that are in our industries;●customer demand for our products;●investor perceptions of our industry in general and our company in particular;●the operating and stock performance of comparable companies;●general economic conditions and trends;●major catastrophic events;●announcements by us or our competitors of new products, significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships or divestitures;●changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretation or principles;●loss of external funding sources;●sales of our shares, including sales by our directors, officers or significant shareholders; and●additions or departures of key personnel.21Table of ContentsSecurities class action litigation is often instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their share price. This type of litigation could result insubstantial costs to us and divert our management’s attention and resources. Moreover, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price andvolume fluctuations for reasons unrelated to operating performance of particular companies. For example, in July 2008, the securities markets in the United States,China and other jurisdictions experienced the largest decline in share prices since September 2001. These market fluctuations may adversely affect the price of ourshares and other interests in our company at a time when you want to sell your interest in us.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and do not anticipate paying any cashdividends on our shares. Accordingly, investors must be prepared to rely on sales of their shares after price appreciation to earn an investment return, which maynever occur. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our shares. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion ofour Board of Directors, and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable laws, and otherfactors our board deems relevant.Certain of our shareholders hold a significant percentage of our outstanding voting securities.Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, is the beneficial owner of approximately 37% of our outstanding voting securities. As a result, hepossesses significant influence and can elect a majority of our board of directors and authorize or prevent proposed significant corporate transactions. Hisownership and control may also have the effect of delaying or preventing a future change in control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other businesscombination or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer.Our outstanding warrants may adversely affect the market price of our shares of common stock.There are currently 393,836 warrants outstanding. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50. The sale orpossibility of sale of the shares underlying the warrants could have an adverse effect on the market price for our shares of common stock or our ability to obtainfuture financing. If and to the extent these warrants are exercised, you may experience dilution to your holdings.You will not be able to exercise your redeemable warrants if we do not have an effective registration statement and a prospectus in place when you desire to doso.No redeemable warrants will be exercisable, and we will not be obligated to issue shares of common stock upon exercise of redeemable warrants by a holder unless,at the time of such exercise, we have a registration statement or posteffective amendment under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuableupon the exercise of the redeemable warrants and a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Under the terms of a redeemable warrant agreementbetween American Stock Transfer & Trust Company as warrant agent, and us, we have agreed to use our best efforts to have a registration statement in effectcovering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants from the date the redeemable warrants become exercisable and to maintain acurrent prospectus relating to shares of common stock until the redeemable warrants expire or are redeemed, and to take such action as is necessary to qualify theshares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants for sale in those states in which the IPO was initially qualified. However, we cannotassure you that we will be able to do so. We may be unable to have a registration statement in effect covering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of theredeemable warrants or to maintain a current prospectus relating to such shares of common stock if, for example, we lack the current financial statements necessaryto be included in such registration statement or prospectus. We have no obligation to settle the redeemable warrants for cash, in any event, and the redeemablewarrants may not be exercised and we will not deliver securities therefor in the absence of an effective registration statement and a prospectus available for use. Theredeemable warrants may be deprived of any value, the market for the redeemable warrants may be limited if there is no registration statement in effect covering theshares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the redeemable warrants or the prospectus relating to the shares of common stock issuable upon the exerciseof the redeemable warrants is not current and the redeemable warrants may expire worthless. If you are unable to exercise or sell your redeemable warrants, you willhave paid the full unit price for only the shares of common stock underlying the units.22Table of ContentsHolders of warrants included in the placement units may exercise these warrants even if an effective registration statement and a prospectus is not in place,which means they may be able to exercise such warrants while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.Unlike the warrants underlying the units issued in connection with our IPO, the warrants included in the placement units will not be restricted from being exercisedin the absence of a registration statement under the Securities Act in effect covering the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the such warrantsand a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Therefore, the holders thereof will be able to exercise such warrants regardless of whether the issuanceof the underlying shares of common stock is registered under the Securities Act, while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.We are a “foreign private issuer” and have disclosure obligations that are different than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. Therefore, you should notexpect to receive the same information about us as a U.S. domestic reporting company may provide. Furthermore, if we or lose our status as a foreign privateissuer, we would be required to fully comply with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers and incur significantoperational, administrative, legal, and accounting costs that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer.We are a foreign private issuer. As a result, we are not subject to certain of the requirements imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the SEC. For example, we arenot required by the SEC or the federal securities laws to issue quarterly reports or file proxy statements with the SEC. We are also allowed to file our annual reportwith the SEC within four months of our fiscal year end. We are also not required to disclose certain detailed information regarding executive compensation that isrequired from U.S. domestic issuers. Further, our directors and executive officers are not required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Securities Act. Asa foreign private issuer, we are also exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups ofinvestors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. We are, however, still subject to the antifraud and antimanipulation rules ofthe SEC, such as Rule 10b5. Since many of the disclosure obligations required of us as a foreign private issuer are different than those required by U.S. domesticreporting companies, our shareholders should not expect to receive all of the same types of information about us and at the same time as information is receivedfrom, or provided by, U.S. domestic reporting companies. We are liable for violations of the rules and regulations of the SEC, which do apply to us as a foreignprivate issuer. Violations of these rules could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain NASDAQ corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. Thismay afford less protection to holders of our securities.We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. As a foreign private issuer,we are permitted to follow the governance practices of our home country, the Republic of the Marshall Islands in lieu of certain corporate governance requirementsof Nasdaq. As result, the standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not requiredto:●have a compensation committee and a nominating committee to be comprised solely of “independent directors; and●hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the Company’s fiscal yearend.As a result, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.Future sales or perceived sales of our shares of common stock could depress our stock price.As of the date of this report, we have 2,591,299 shares of common stock outstanding. Many of these shares will become eligible for sale in the public market, subjectto limitations imposed by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. If the holders of these shares were to attempt to sell a substantial amount of their holdings at once, themarket price of our common stock could decline. Moreover, the perceived risk of this potential dilution could cause shareholders to attempt to sell their shares andinvestors to short the common stock, a practice in which an investor sells shares that he or she does not own at prevailing market prices, hoping to purchase shareslater at a lower price to cover the sale. As each of these events would cause the number of shares of our common stock being offered for sale to increase, ourcommon stock market price would likely further decline. All of these events could combine to make it very difficult for us to sell equity or equityrelated securities inthe future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.23Table of ContentsHolders of our securities may face difficulties in protecting their interests because we are incorporated under the Republic of the Marshall Islands law.We are a company incorporated under the laws of the Marshall Islands, and almost all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, majority of ourdirectors and officers, and their assets, are located outside of the United States. As a result, you may have difficulty serving legal process within the United Statesupon us or any of these persons. You may also have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside the United States, judgments you may obtain in U.S. courts against usor these persons in any action, including actions based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal or state securities laws. You may also have difficultybringing an original action in the appropriate court of the Marshall Islands to enforce liabilities against us or any person based upon the U.S. federal securities laws.Provisions of our articles of incorporation may impede a takeover or make it more difficult for shareholders to change the direction or management of theCompany, which could reduce shareholders’ opportunity to influence management of the Company.Our articles of incorporation permit our board of directors to issue up to five million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 from time to time, with suchrights and preferences as they consider appropriate. These terms may include voting rights including the right to vote as a series on particular matters, preferencesas to dividends and liquidation, conversion rights and redemption rights provisions. The issuance of any preferred stock could reduce the value of our commonstock. In addition, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell assets to, a third party. Theability of the board of directors to issue preferred stock could make it more difficult, delay, discourage, prevent or make it more costly to acquire or effect a changeincontrol, which in turn could prevent shareholders from recognizing a gain in the event that a favorable offer is extended and could materially and negatively affectthe market price of our common stock.ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANYA.History and Development of the CompanyWe are a Republic of the Marshall Islands Company incorporated under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BDA”) on January 26, 2012. We wereoriginally organized under the name “Aquasition Corp.” for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, orsimilar acquisition transaction, one or more operating businesses or assets. The address of the Company’s principal executive office is Xingfengge Building,Baogaiyupu Industrial Park, Shishi City, Fujian Province of china.On March 24, 2014, we entered into a share exchange agreement and plan of liquidation (the “Exchange Agreement”), with KBS International, Hongri International, athen wholly owned subsidiary of KBS International and Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, each an individual and shareholder of KBS International (each, a“Principal Stockholder”). The Exchange Agreement was subsequently amended on June 21, 2014. The transactions contemplated in the Exchange Agreement (the“Share Exchange”) were closed on August 1, 2014. At the closing, we acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interest in Hongri International from KBSInternational. In exchange, we issued an aggregate of 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company to KBS International. In addition, on July 29, 2014, wecompleted a tender offer related to the Share Exchange and redeemed the 332,116 shares of common stock validly tendered and not withdrawn. Pursuant to theExchange Agreement, KBS International was liquidated and dissolved in August 2014 and the 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company were distributed toeach shareholder of KBS International according to their respective ownership of KBS International. As a result, following the consummation of the Share Exchange,we had a total of 1,694,489 shares of common stock outstanding.24Table of ContentsOn October 31, 2014, we held a special shareholder meeting and amended our Articles of Incorporation to change our name to KBS Fashion Group Limited.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.On March 29, 2016, we granted an aggregate of 73,334 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their past services in 2015 and future services to be provided in 2016.On July 10, 2017, we granted an aggregate of 215,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company as compensationsfor their services.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their services.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 registered shares of common stock pursuant to our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to our executive officers,directors and certain employees as compensations for their services.On March 29, 2019, our board of directors approved the issuance of 15,000 shares of common stock to our Investor Relationship firm as compensation for theirservices. The issuance of the shares was made in reliance on the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), for theoffer and sale of securities not involving a public offering, and Regulation S promulgated thereunder. None of the shares have been registered under the Act andneither may be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.25Table of ContentsCorporate StructureAll of our business operations are conducted through our PRC subsidiaries. The chart below presents our corporate structure as of the date of this report. The Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regardingissuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.Our web site address is http://www.kbsfashion.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of thisAnnual Report.Principal Capital Expenditures and DivestituresFor the year ended December 31, 2018, our total capital expenditures and divestitures were $nil. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, our total capitalexpenditures and divestitures were $849,199 and $45,445, respectively. Such expenditures were primarily used construction of production facility and purchasing fireprotection facility. Our operating cash flow mainly funded these capital expenditures.B.Business OverviewWe are a leading casual menswear company in China with a demonstrated track record of designing, marketing, and selling our own line of fashion menswear. Ourproducts include men’s apparel, footwear and accessories, primarily targeting urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 in the Tier II and Tier III cities in China.Tier II cities generally refer to major cities located in each province of China other than the capital city of such province. Tier III cities generally refer to countylevelcities in China. Tier III cities that we focus on are the national top 100 county cities identified by the State Statistics Bureau of China each year. These cities arecharacterized by higher GDP, higher disposable income, better education and better infrastructure as compared with other countylevel cities.26Table of ContentsOur apparel products include outerwear, knitwear, denim, tops, bottoms, accessories and footwear. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products,each year with a different theme to highlight the current trends in menswear for the season.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by the company and 40 franchised stores operated by 14 third party distributors or their subdistributors. The number of stores has grown from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017and 2016, sales through our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues respectively, and sales through distributors and whole sellersaccounted for 73%, 66.5% and 78% of our revenues, respectively. Total revenue from corporate stores sales for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $7.0million for 2017 and $5.53 million for 2016.From 2009 through 2018, total net sales decreased from $28.1 million to $18.53 million while the net profit decreased from $9.0 million to a net loss of $8 million.Our Competitive StrengthsWe believe that the following competitive strengths enable us to compete effectively in and capitalize on the growing casual menswear industry in China.●There is a sizable market for our products. We believe that we have a sizeable potential market. Our target customers are male middleclass consumers inthe 2040 age range. According to the national census in 2018, the population in China between 1659 yearsold was approximately 900 million. Our targetgroup falls into this category and is estimated to be more than 200 million people. As a result of the growing affluence in the PRC and increased purchasingpower of the PRC population, we believe that PRC consumers are becoming more willing and able to purchase casual menswear. In addition, we believe thatthe purchasing decision of PRC consumers is becoming more predicated upon brand image, product design and style, rather than just price considerations.With rising affluence and improvement in lifestyle, we also believe the overall Chinese population is generally growing more brand name conscious andstyle oriented and has shown a propensity for increased spending on casual menswear.●We have a strong focus on design and product development. We believe that our inhouse design and product development capabilities allow us to createunique products that appeal to our customers. We have established a strong inhouse design and product development team of 20 employees as of April26, 2019. Our team identifies new fashion trends by attending fashion shows and exhibitions as well as by drawing from creative ideas in magazines andother media. Each spring and fall, we carefully plan and create a new product line for our fall/winter and spring/summer collections of 727 SKU thatencompasses our full range of product offerings, including outerwear, tops, bottoms and accessories. We introduce new design elements into our productlines each season. With our highly skilled and creative team of designers, we have extensive experience in creating unique designs to meet the preferencesand needs of our target customer base.●Our trademarked brand has earned a following in China. Our brand was developed in 2006. Our marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design andmade for Chinese.” Our customers are middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range. We believe that their products’ concept, marketing, design andpackaging fully match with the prowestern attitude and life styles of their target customers. We believe the KBS brand is essential to our success topenetrate to the casual menswear market in China.●We have an extensive and wellmanaged nationwide distribution network. We have an extensive distribution network throughout China. As of December31, 2018, we had 1 KBS branded corporate stores and 32 franchised stores across 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. TheKBS branded corporate stores are required to sell only our products. We have been building up our selected distributor network since 2007. As ofDecember 31, 2018, we had 11 distributors operating 32 franchised stores. All of our distributors have been working with us from 1 to 10 years. We selectour distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry, sales channels, business resources, brand promotioncapabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. Our distributors help us respond to changing consumer tastes in a timelymanner by providing regular feedback on our products at our semiannual sales fairs and frequent communications. The financial resources of ourdistributors allow us to expand our retail network with less working capital investment from us than would be required for establishing direct stores, as ourdistributors are responsible for the store rentals and cost of inventory in their stores. We sold a substantial amount of our products through ourdistributors, which have allowed us to distribute our products to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge ofour distributors and their sub distributors. We believe that our distribution network has enabled us to expand our business and increase our salesefficiently and with less operational risk. This model has also minimized our operational risk because we typically start production after we receive ordersfrom our distributors. We believe that using a distribution network to sell a substantial amount of our KBS products has enabled us to devote ourresources to our core competitive strengths of design, brand management and product development.27Table of Contents●We have an experienced management team. Our management team has extensive R&D, marketing and financial experience, led by our Chief ExecutiveOfficer, Mr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has over 27 years of experience in the apparel industry and also has developed a differentiated product by internationalcooperation with a Korean designer. After working in the garment industry for more than 16 years, Mr. Yan acquired and developed the KBS brand. Withhis strong understanding of the apparel industry, Mr. Yan has successfully established this brand name in the market. We are committed to attract andretain top management level executives who we believe are and will continue to be the driving force behind our product development and growth.Our Growth StrategyWe intend to further strengthen our market position in the casual menswear market in China by implementing the following strategies:●We plan to expand our online business and purchase one or more online sales platforms or online stores. Together with the change in consumer trends,online sales is now the most important sales channel in Chinese market and is becoming increasingly important globally. Sales from our stores anddistributors have been steadily decreasing, and we are now in the process of identifying the best possible ways to establish and expand our onlinebusiness. We plan to research and purchase one or more online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that KBS will have better opportunities toexpand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores in year 2019, and the management of KBS will keep on exploring other areas and businessmodels, such as the use of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends. We consider that ourpolicy to expand our outreach using new technologies will add significant shareholder value.●We plan to expand our OEM sales by attracting more reputable and longterm clients. We just had the renewal of a framework sales contract with twomajor current customers: Hangzhou Zhi Yin Apparel Clothes Co., Ltd and Hangzhou Yiyuan Apparel Co., Ltd. These two sales contracts are expected togenerate approximately RMB 28 million in total, of which RMB 20 million relates to Hangzhou Ziyin of new 450,000 orders and RMB 8 million relates toHangzhou Yiyuan of new 160,000 orders for this year. We are also expanding our OEM business and to get more clients, especially to focus on onlineproviders, as they have expanded their market share over the past years quickly together with the change in Chinese consumer’s preferences and occupy alarge market share. By the time when we start executing the orders, we expect that we can have sustainable and increasing business.●We plan to invest in a Greece Based Private Smart Tech Apparel Company. We signed a letter of intent with Tribe, one of the most innovative smartclothing technology companies internationally. If the transaction is consummated, we conceive that this investment will enhance and expand significantlyour client network and products offering. The smart clothing market is expected to surpass the 2 trillion US dollars in size in 2019 and we believe we are wellpositioned to capture a part of this market in the wider region.28Table of Contents●We plan to continue to raise the profile of the KBS brand through enhanced advertising and promotional activities. We believe that the strongassociation of KBS brand with our concept of “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese” has helped drive our brand positioning and customers’receptivity to our products. We intend to further build our brand and deliver a consistent brand image from product design to sales and marketing. We seekto promote and enhance our presence in China’s casual menswear market by continuing to adopt proactive marketing strategies and produce high quality,well designed casual menswear for our target market. In particular, we aim to increase awareness of our brand through: (1) multichannel advertisingstrategies through national television, fashion magazines, billboards and other media channels; (2) further assisting our distributors’ regional advertisingefforts; (3) distinctive store and product launch campaigns, including special events for new product launches and largescale grand opening events fornew stores, particularly new corporate stores; (4) update of the decoration and layout of a number of existing stores which have been in operation for yearsto improve the shopping experience; (5) participation in fashion shows; and (6) sponsorships of selected highimpact events. We believe that theseadvertising and promotional activities will help to further strengthen brand awareness in our target market and enhance customer loyalty.●We plan to expand and build upon our design and product development capabilities. We intend to further strengthen our design and productdevelopment capabilities by accelerating the commercialization of design concepts, expanding our product offerings and continuing to develop what webelieve is unique casual menswear. We plan to further invest in design and product development and expand our design and product development team byattracting talented designers, either domestic or international, and training young graduates from leading fashion design institutes. We believe thatcombining western fashion design experience with our local designer’s understanding of the China market and aesthetic will enable us to create fashionableyet popular casual menswear for consumers in China. We also intend to cooperate with our suppliers to develop new materials and fabrics which we believewill give customers a unique fashion product and create new market opportunities. We believe that our focus on designing unique and quality casualmenswear will allow us to maintain our competitiveness and help to enhance our sales and overall profitability.●We plan to expand our production capacity to expand and diversify our product offerings. Our production facility is located in Taihu City, AnhuiProvince, China, consisting of total 110,557 square meters of land. Currently this facility has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per yearand can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famous sportswear producers, some successful onlinebrand stores and fulfill some overseas orders. The construction of our facility commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases: Phase 1 consists of theconstruction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We have completed theconstruction of facilities for Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Although we have the designed capacity of 5 million pieces yearly, the facilitycurrently may only produce 2 million pieces per year. Phase 3 construction has been delayed because the local government needs additional time toconclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 canbe continued. Phase 4 will include production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quarters and livingfacilities. Upon completion, the new facility is expected to have a production capacity of 20 million pieces and accommodate 5,000 workers. Please see“Production” below for a more complete explanation of our plans for the expansion of our production capacity. We anticipate that the new productionfacility will allow us to further refine our existing product lines by offering more styles within our existing apparel and accessories categories and tointroduce additional, complementary apparel and accessories categories into our product line. We currently introduce 500 to 900 different styles ofproducts each year and intend to increase the number of our product offerings in the future.●We plan to expand our international market and attract more orders from overseas. Starting from year 2016, we have been awarded international OEMorders for producing clothes with overseas brands. Such orders are usually large and continuous. Due to the completion of phase 2 construction of ourAnhui factory, we have enough production capacity to take on large orders. The current utilization rate of the Anhui factory is still quite low and we expectto invest more in attracting more large orders from overseas.The KBS BrandWe are engaged in a highly competitive industry in which brand image and recognition is critical to attracting customers to purchase our products. We haveadopted KBS as a uniform brand name and image for all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. The KBS brand was created byMs. Qinghua Ye in 2006 and registered with the trademark administration authority in 2008. Subsequently, Ms. Ye assigned the KBS trademark to Hongri PRC in2008. In 2009, Hongri PRC transferred this trademark to France Cock, which then licensed such trademark back to Hongri PRC. Based on our sharp rise in revenuesince 2006, we believe that the KBS brand has gained a following in the casual menswear market in the cities where our products are sold.29Table of ContentsTo promote our brand, we have developed and implemented brand management policies in all of our corporate stores and franchised stores. Our brand managementpolicies set out detailed requirements for store decorations and display of products. This enables us to project a consistent brand image. In addition, each season,our design and product development team develops display concepts, including the presentation of our collections in the stores and the color schemes for thebackdrops. We also work closely with our distributors to supervise the daily operations of franchised stores through unscheduled visits to ensure that our brandmanagement policies are properly followed.We may suspend the supply of our products or terminate distribution agreements in the event that any of our distributors or their subdistributors consistently failsto comply with our brand management policies.Our ProductsOur apparel products include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, socks and caps. In 2018, thesuggested retail prices of our products ranged from RMB 15 to RMB1,599 (approximately $2 to $237) for our apparel products and RMB178 to RMB1599(approximately $26 to $236) for our accessory products. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products, each year with a different theme tohighlight the current trends in menswear for the season.Our DesignWe believe one of our key strengths is our internal design and product development team, which designs products that reinforce our brand image. Major parts ofour products are designed by our internal design and product development team with the collaboration of Korean designers. As of December 31, 2018, our designand product development team consisted of 20 members, including one senior designer with over five years of working experience. Final design concepts areapproved by Mr. Keyan Yan, who has more than 27 years of experience in the industry. All of the other designers are graduates of professional design schools inChina. We believe that our design and product development team is innovative and passionate and that the individual experience of each of our designers helpsbring new and exciting products to our customers. Our design and product development team conceptualizes each season’s collections through an interactiveprocess, taking into account our brand strategy, product image and market feedback, drawing inspirations from domestic and international fashion trends andcollaborating with both our suppliers and distributors to finetune our designs. In particular, we collaborate with our suppliers to develop a variety of materials andfabrics for our products. We also involve distributors in our product selection process to take advantage of their market intelligence, which helps us to adapt toconstantly changing customer preferences in local markets. Our designers also attend various domestic and international fashion shows to keep abreast of the latestfashion trends.Starting from year 2015, design of our products comes from three channels. In addition to designing products by our inhouse staff, we outsource to certainreputable designers. From time to time, our ODMs also will directly sell their designed products to us.In a typical year, we design and make around 1,500 prototypes. After the initial product selection, internal cost analysis of approved prototypes and final selectionby distributors at the sales fairs, we eventually select approximately 750 designs for mass production. Final design of all of our products will be approved by ourChairman, Mr. Yan.Our Distribution NetworkWe have established a nationwide distribution network consisting of corporate stores and franchised stores covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrallyadministered municipalities.Corporate StoresAs of December 31, 2018, we owned and operated 1 corporate store with the floor area of approximately 120 square meters. As part of our corporate strategy, weclosed 17 corporate stores in last two years because of the low profitability of certain corporate stores. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, salesthrough our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues, respectively.30Table of ContentsWe directly own and operate our corporate store. This direct control enables us to have closer relationship with our ultimate customers and better understanding ofmarket trends and consumer preferences. Required capital for opening of each store depends on the location and area of the designated store. On average, therenovation cost per store is around $67,000 and the first year of rent payment is around $140,000 including premium paid to the previous owner. Rental period variesfrom two to five years. The total capital required to open a new store is generally around $207,000 per store. Once negotiation of rent is concluded, it takes one totwo months to open up a store. We usually open up stores right before a peak season, such as labor holiday in May, National holiday in October and Chinese NewYear in January/February. On average, new stores break even after one to three months of operation.We currently have one standard designs for our corporate stores located in Fujian Province. They were considered as flagship stores for our distributors’ reference.Because in year 2016 and 2015 we closed some corporate stores, the inventories of these stores were cleared through promotion exhibitions we held in the thirdtiercities at lower prices.For corporate stores opened in second tier cities, we normally have a higher aesthetic standard compared with corporate stores in third and fourth tier cities. Wegenerally locate our corporate stores at street level to access high pedestrian flow. Normally, we will sell inseason stock in our secondtier city corporate stores. Oursecondtier city corporate stores are also designed to showcase our marketability to potential distributors so as to induce them to join our distributorship. For storesopened in the third and fourth tier cities, we normally sell some of our slowmoving or offseason stock at a discount due to our awareness of the generally lesseramount of disposable income available to residents of these cities. During certain times of the year, such as the New Year, Chinese New Year and Labor Day, we willorganize promotional discounts together with our franchised stores to attract more customers and increase our stock turnover.Franchised StoresWe sell a substantial amount of our products to our franchised distributors who in turn sell them to retail customers through KBS branded retail stores operated byour distributors or their subdistributors. Since 2013, we have also been selling products to 3 provincial distributors without their own stores, or the nostoredistributors, on a trial basis. We do not have any ownership in, or controlling relationship with, these franchised stores, but we have entered into distributionagreements with them in the Company’s standard form, pursuant to which we require distributors and their subdistributors to sell only KBS products in thesestores. Distributors are responsible for selecting and ordering products from us and overseeing the sales in the stores operated by them and their subdistributors.By selling directly to our distributors, we can recognize revenues upon delivery to our distributors and delegate the distribution responsibilities to our distributors.This allows us to distribute our merchandise to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge of our distributors and theirsubdistributors. This also minimizes our inventory and sales risks while allowing us to allocate our resources to our core competitive strengths of design, brandmanagement and product development. We believe that our cooperation with distributors has enabled us to expand our business and accelerate our sales growth atmuch lower costs and operational risk and achieve brand recognition throughout China.We have been building up our selected franchised distributor network since 2007. As of December 31, 2018, we had 11 franchised distributors who operated 32 retailstores directly or through their subdistributors, all of which were standalone stores, which were typically located in commercial centers, including departmentstores or shopping malls, in their cities. All these distributors have worked with us for about 1 to 8 years. We have not encountered any material dispute or financialdifficulty with our key distributors. The average floor area of each retail store was approximately 78 square meters as of December 2018. The number of retail storeshas grown significantly in recent years from 7 as of December 31, 2006, with the aggregate floor area increasing from 560 square meters as of December 31, 2006 to2,635 square meters as of December 31, 2018. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, sales through our distributors accounted for 73%, 63.3% and78% of our revenues, respectively. 31Table of ContentsDuring each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we had no customer exceeding 10% of our net sales.Sales generated by our five bestperforming franchised distributors accounted for approximately 29.3%, 23.8% and 28.3% of our revenues in the years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Those top distributors have been with us since 2007 or 2008 and have grown organically with us. At the same time,we are exploring more distributors in other regions including relatively small distributors to grow with their businesses. Although we rely on distributors for thesales and marketing of our products, we believe our business is not substantially dependent on any individual distributor.We are highly selective in appointing distributors. We select our distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry,sales channels, business resources, brand promotion capabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. We maintain good relationshipswith many regional or local distributor candidates which we identify through our internal research and external referrals but only appoint a handful of them tobecome our distributors. We evaluate the relevant experience of the distributor candidates in operating retail stores, their financial condition and sources of fundingrequired for the establishment of a regional distribution network and their ability to develop a network of retail stores in the designated distribution region of a givendistributor before we make any appointment.Once appointed, each distributor must enter into a distribution agreement with us. We do not own any interest in any of our distributors, their subdistributors orthe retail stores they operate. The distribution agreements we typically enter into with distributors do not allow us to be involved in the daily operating, financing orother activities of the distributors, except that distributors need to comply with our brand management policies and pricing and store management guidelines. Keyterms of our standard distribution agreement include:●Product Exclusivity. Our distributors are required to sell only our products at KBS branded retail outlets managed by them or authorized retailers.●Geographic Coverage. Distributors are granted exclusive rights to distribute our products (directly and indirectly through their subdistributors) in theretail stores within the specified geographic area with no overlapping of distributors within our distribution network. However, we retain the right to operatedirect stores anywhere regardless of whether we have appointed distributors there.●Duration. The distribution agreements generally have an initial term of one year and are renewable at our discretion after taking into account factors suchas compliance with our brand management policies and sales performance.●Distributor Pricing. Distributors agree to order our products at a discount from our suggested retail prices. The discounted wholesale prices todistributors are classified into the following three categories: provincial distributor at a discount of 35% of retail price, district distributor is 30% of retailprice and the wholesale distributor is 25% of retail price.●Minimum Purchase Requirement. Each of our distributors is customarily expected to purchase a minimum amount of our products for each trade fair heldbiannually according to their present and expected distribution network. The minimum is typically RMB800,000 (approximately $110,000) for each store.●Payment and Delivery. Normally, we expect distributors to pay us RMB0.5 million (approximately $74,000) to RMB1 million (approximately $148,148) as adeposit upon placing an order. Upon delivery of the orders, we will deduct amounts on deposit from the purchase price. For new and small districtdistributors, we normally require them to pay the balance before the delivery of its products. We may also accept payment on credit terms to the extentrequested by distributors experiencing working capital difficulties or encouraging them to order more. The amount and duration of credit granted to eachdistributor will depend on its financial position and creditworthiness. We handle the arrangements for delivery of our products, but the distributors arenormally expected to bear the related costs and expenses.32Table of Contents●Return of Products. We will only accept product returns from distributors for quality reasons and only if the distributors followed our standard proceduresin processing the returned products. So far, we have not experienced any product returns due to expressed quality reasons.●Retail Pricing. Other than at times when we launch promotional campaigns or adjust our strategies, distributors must adopt, and are required to procuretheir subdistributors to adopt, our suggested retail prices for products. Distributors must obtain our consent before launching any distributor specificspecial offers.●Brand Management. Distributors must comply with our brand management policies and store management guidelines. We may impose penalties, forfeitureof deposit, suspend supply of products and terminate the agreement in the event of any breach of such policies.●Termination. We may generally terminate the distribution agreements and seek indemnification in the event of breach by distributors. In the event of sometypes of breach, we may not terminate the agreement but have other remedies. For example, if a distributor fails to order all products provided for under thedistributorship agreement, we may instead impose forfeiture of deposit or withhold certain benefits.When opening new retail stores, our distributors conduct research on the market potential of the proposed retail sites, after which they will provide us with anapplication for opening a new retail store. In reviewing applications, we consider factors including the store location, store layout, available area, marketopportunities, competitors and estimated sales. We conduct selected onsite investigations to verify applications filed by our distributors. Our retail stores aregenerally located in convenient retail locations in their respective cities and thus benefit from high volumes of pedestrian traffic.Effective monitoring of distributors and their retail stores is critical to our success. We have a team in our marketing, sales and distribution department to monitorour distributors’ and their subdistributors’ performance, who conduct onsite inspections of selected retail stores each quarter without prior notice to ensurecompliance with our store management guidelines. According to the results of our inspections, we, from time to time, make suggestions to our distributors withrespect to the opening or closure of their retail stores. Distributors also need to submit to us their annual/ semiannual plans to estimate their orders for the nextseason and their plan to improve the performance of existing retail stores or expand by opening new retail stores. This reporting system enables us to access uptodate sales projections of our distributors and their subdistributors, which reflects the overall level of retail sales of our products. It also provides us with theexpansion plan of each distributor which helps us prepare our overall development plan in a more accurate manner.We invite our distributors, as well as a select number of their subdistributors and retail store managers, to attend our sales fairs, which are held twice a year. Duringthe sales fairs, we discuss with our distributors and their subdistributors the upcoming product line. Apart from participating in two sales fairs each year, ourdistributors visit us from time to time and contact us as necessary, which allows us to have access to updated market information. We also provide training fordistributors and their subdistributors in the areas of sales techniques, customer service and product knowledge, typically prior to the launch of our new collectionseach year. We believe that these investments help to improve the operations of the sales network and provide additional valueadded services to retain ourdistributors and their subdistributors.The following table lists by region the number of retail stores operated by distributors and subdistributors as of December 31, 2018:LocationAs ofDecember 31,2018Fujian6Guangdong2Guangxi3Jiangsu4Anhui2Chongqing4Tianjin3Hebei4Sichuan4Total3233Table of ContentsPricing PolicyWe sell our products to our distributors at uniform discounts from our suggested retail prices. We have a suggested retail price policy that applies to all our storesto help maintain brand image, ensure consistent pricing levels from region to region and prevent price competition among our distributors. In determining our pricingstrategies, we take into account market supply and demand, production cost and the prices of our competitors’ similar products. Our sales representatives collectand record the retail prices of our products sold by our retailers. We analyze the information collected and engage in discussions with our distributors to ensure thatthey follow our pricing policy. See “Franchised Stores” above.ProductionOriginally located in Shishi City in Fujian Province and started production in 2006, our production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China.The facility currently has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famoussportswear producers. Our production facility was operating at full capacity between 2009 and 2012. In 2014, we produced about 0.39 million units at the operatingcapacity of 19.5%; while in 2015,we produced about 0.48 million units at the operating capacity of 24%. In 2016, we produced about 0.54 million units at the operatingcapacity of 27%.In 2017 and 2018, we produced about 0.30 million and 0.49 million units at the operating capacity of 15% and 25%. Since 2011, we have been negotiating with the local government to acquire land use rights for our current facility consisting of 110,557 square meters. We obtaineda portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square meters and 2,440 square meters in March 2012 and May 2012, respectively, and have finishedthe construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factoryin year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with localresidents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. While we cannot guaranteewhen and whether the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land will be eventually completed, we believe we will be in a better position toschedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Once completed, our total production capacity of the facility isexpected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.All of the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers bear the brand name KBS. As of December 31, 2018, we had 3 ODM contractmanufacturers and 3 OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had 3 and 6 OEM contract manufacturers, respectively. Oursourcing strategy is based upon the quality of fabrics and workmanship that our customers expect from the KBS brand. The costs of our outsourced productionamounted to approximately $8.38 million, $10.94 million and$26.1 million for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, accounting forapproximately 27.3%, 31% and 66.8% of our total cost of sales in the respective periods.As of December 31, 2018, our principal ODM and OEM contract suppliers included the following:No.1Bai Tian Ni (Fujian) Clothing fabric Co. Ltd2Shishi Hua Lai Shi Clothing Co. Ltd3Jinjiang City Hongtawanheng trading Co. Ltd4Fujian Gumaite Clothing Technology Co. Ltd5Shishi Rongpeng Clothing Co. Ltd6Hubei Mingyuan Clothing Co. LtdWe are not materially reliant on any single ODM or OEM contract supplier.34Table of ContentsInventory ManagementWe recognize that controlling the level of inventory is important to our overall operational efficiency and cost control. Based on the purchase orders our distributorsand the department store chains place at our biannual sales fairs, we are able to anticipate the demand for our products in advance and plan ahead for our ownmanufacturing and the orders we will be required to place with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We generally plan purchases of raw materials and placemanufacturing orders with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers immediately after each of our two seasonal sales fairs, usually in May for our autumn andwinter products and in October for our spring and summer products, where we confirm sales orders with our distributors and department store chains. This enablesus and our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to have sufficient time, ranging from two to eight weeks, to produce the products and provide our productssuitable for a specific season to our distributors and department store chains on a justintime basis so as to minimize our inventory levels. The alternative way tocontrol cost is when if we have chance to buy materials which the price is much lower than market price, we will buy it in advance and give to OEM contractmanufactures use our material to produce.Quality ControlProduct quality control is a critical aspect of our business. Our dedicated quality control team performs various quality inspection and testing procedures, includingrandom sample testing at different stages of our production process, to ensure that our products meet or exceed the expectations of our consumers. We also performroutine product inspections on every batch of our products and sample testing to ensure consistent quality of our products, including semifinished and finishedproducts.We have implemented a centralized system for procurement and inspection of raw materials and ancillary components to help ensure a stable and high qualitysupply. Those materials and components that fail to meet our tests may be returned to the suppliers for replacement. Our quality control team also carries out qualitycontrol procedures on the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We conduct onsite inspections of our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers before we enter into business relationships with them. We also send our inhouse quality control staff onsite to our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers to monitor the entire production process. The initial product inspections are performed onsite by our staff before these products are shipped to ourheadquarters for further inspection and storage in our warehouse. We also provide technical training to ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to assist them withquality control of the production processes and inspect preproduction samples and finished products from ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We have notencountered any material disruptions to our business as a result of the failure of any of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to meet our quality standards.In order to further improve the quality of our products and shorten our delivery cycle, we intend to increase our control over the manufacturing process andproduction cycle of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers, primarily by requiring our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to implement stricter and morecomprehensive quality control procedures, which cover each stage of the production process, from raw material selection and procurement to finished productspackaging and delivery. We also intend to apply more stringent standards for inspecting products manufactured for us by our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers.Marketing and AdvertisingWe have conducted multichannel marketing campaigns to advertise our products to our target customers through advertising in newspapers, magazines, theInternet, and billboards, and organizing regular and frequent instore marketing activities and road shows.We have implemented strict requirements on our distributors with respect to the display and promotion of our products to ensure consistent branding and enhancemarketing results. Our distributors are required to ensure that our marketing strategies are implemented at the retail outlets managed or authorized by them, includingdisplaying our products according to our specifications and using our billboard advertisements. We also assign sales representatives to monitor the instoredisplays of our products at various retail outlets on a regular basis to help ensure that our retailers have followed our product display policies.In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 our total advertising and promotional expenses amounted to approximately $1.21 million, $1.59 million and $1.55million, respectively, which accounted for approximately 6.6%, 7.5% and 3.8% of our revenues in the respective periods.35Table of ContentsCompetitionThe menswear industry in China is a fragmented industry. Competition mainly comes from local market players such as Exceed, Xiniya, Zuoan and Cabbeen. Webelieves that we differentiate ourselves by providing more fashionable, youngerlooking and leisure products, and competitive pricing without giving up the casualfeel of our products.We compete primarily on the basis of product design, brand recognition, operational efficiency and a low cost structure. Some of our domestic competitors have astronger customer base, greater resources and more industry expertise than us. However, we believe that we can continue to successfully compete with our localcompetitors due to our unique product designs.Intellectual PropertyWe currently have the licenses to use two registered trademarks in the PRC.The registered trademarks on which we have licenses are the following:TrademarkRegistration No.Valid TermKBS4342760Jan 1, 2019 August 28, 2028Ka bi sports5462336March 14, 2010 March 12,2020We believe that these trademarks provide significant value as they are important for marketing and building brand recognition. We are not aware of any third partycurrently using trademarks similar to our trademarks in the PRC on the same products.InsuranceWe do not have any business liability, interruption or litigation insurance coverage for our operations in China. Insurance companies in China offer limited businessinsurance products. While business interruption insurance is available to a limited extent in China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of suchinsurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance.Therefore, we are subject to business and product liability exposure. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—We have limited insurance coverage inChina and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses.”RegulationBecause our primary operating subsidiaries are located in China, we are subject to China’s national and local laws detailed below. We believe that we are in materialcompliance with all registrations and requirements for the issuance and maintenance of all licenses required by the governing bodies and that all license fees andfilings are current. This section summarizes the major PRC regulations relating to our business.Regulations Relating to Foreign InvestmentInvestment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are mainly governed by the Guidance Catalog of Industries for Foreign Investment (2017 revision), or theCatalog, which was promulgated jointly by MOFCOM and the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, on June 28, 2017 and entered into forceon July 28, 2017. The Catalog divides industries into four categories in terms of foreign investment, which are “encouraged,” “restricted,” and “prohibited,” and allindustries that are not listed under one of these categories are deemed to be “permitted.” Establishment of wholly foreignowned enterprises is generally allowed inencouraged and permitted industries. Some restricted industries are limited to equity or contractual joint ventures, while in some cases Chinese partners are requiredto hold the majority interests in such joint ventures. In addition, foreign investment in restricted category projects is subject to government approvals. Foreigninvestors are not allowed to invest in industries in the prohibited category. Industries not listed in the Catalogue are generally open to foreign investment unlessspecifically restricted by other PRC regulations.36Table of ContentsIn June 2018, MOFCOM and NDRC promulgated the Special Management Measures (Negative List) for the Access of Foreign Investment, or the Negative List,effective July 2018. The Negative List expands the scope of permitted industries by foreign investment by reducing the number of industries that fall within theNegative List where restrictions on the shareholding percentage or requirements on the composition of board or senior management still exists. Foreign investmentin valueadded telecommunications services (except for ecommerce) falls within the Negative List.In October 2016, MOFCOM issued the Interim Measures for Recordfiling Administration of the Establishment and Change of Foreigninvested Enterprises, or FIERecordfiling Interim Measures, most recently amended in July 2017. Pursuant to FIE Recordfiling Interim Measures, the establishment and change of foreigninvested enterprises are subject to recordfiling procedures, instead of prior approval requirements, provided that such establishment or change does not involvespecial entry administration measures. If the establishment or change of foreigninvested enterprises matters involve the special entry administration measures, theapproval of the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterparts is still required.Regulations Relating to Product QualityThe principal legal provisions governing product liability are set forth in the PRC Product Quality Law, which was promulgated in February 1993 by the SCNPC andamended in July 2000 and August 2009.The PRC Product Quality Law stipulates the responsibilities and obligations of product sellers and producers. Violations of the PRC Product Quality Law may resultin the imposition of fines. In addition, the seller or producer may be ordered to suspend its operations, and its business license may be revoked. There may also bePART IPART IIPART III20F 1 f20f2018_kbsfashiongroup.htm FORM 20FUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F(Mark One)☐REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ___________ to ___________OR¨SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report:Commission file number: 00135715KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)Not Applicable(Translation of Registrant’s Name Into English)Republic of the Marshall Islands(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)Xin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of China(Address of Principal Executive Offices)Mr. Keyan Yan, Chief Executive OfficerXin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of ChinaTel: + (86) 595 8889 6198Fax: (86) 595 8850 5328(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of Each ClassName of Each Exchange On Which RegisteredCommon Stock, $0.0001 par valueNASDAQ Capital MarketSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.Units, Common Stock Purchase Warrants(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.None(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report(December 31, 2018): 2,271,299Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐No ☒If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of“large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large Accelerated Filer ☐Accelerated Filer ☐NonAccelerated Filer ☒Emerging Growth Company☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting StandardsCodification after April 5, 2012.Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:U.S. GAAP ☐International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting StandardsBoard ☒Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ☐ Item17 ☐Item 18If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒Annual Report on Form 20FYear Ended December 31, 2018TABLE OF CONTENTSPageITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS2A.Directors and Senior Management2B.Advisors2C.Auditors2ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE2A.Offer Statistics2B.Method and Expected Timetable2ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATION2A.Selected Financial Data2B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY24A.History and Development of the Company24B.Business Overview26C.Organizational Structure42D.Property, Plants and Equipment43ITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS44ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS44A.Principal Factors Affecting Financial Performance45B.Liquidity and Capital Resources50C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.51D.Trend Information51E.Off Balance Sheet Arrangements51F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations52G.Safe Harbor62ITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES63A.Directors and Senior Management63B.Compensation64C.Board Practices65D.Employees66E.Share Ownership66ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS67A.Major Shareholders67B.Related Party Transactions67C.Interests of Experts and Counsel67iTable of ContentsITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATION67A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information67B.Significant Changes68ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTING68A.Offer and Listing Details68B.Plan of Distribution68C.Markets68D.Selling Shareholders68E.Dilution68F.Expenses of the Issue68ITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATION69A.Share Capital69B.Memorandum and Articles of Association69C.Material Contracts71D.Exchange Controls71E.Taxation74F.Dividends and Paying Agents79G.Statement by Experts79H.Documents on Display79I.Subsidiary Information79ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK79ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES80A.Debt Securities80B.Warrants and Rights80C.Other Securities80D.American Depositary Shares80ITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES81ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS81ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES81A.Disclosure Controls and Procedures81B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting81C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm81D.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting82ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT82ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICS82ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES82ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES82ITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS83ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT83ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCE83ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE83ITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 19.EXHIBITS84iiTable of ContentsINTRODUCTORY NOTESUse of Certain Defined TermsExcept as otherwise indicated by the context and for the purposes of this report only, references in this report to:●“KBS,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” are to KBS Fashion Group Ltd., a company organized in the Republic of the Marshall Islands;●““KBS International,” refers to KBS International Holding Inc., a Nevada corporation, which was dissolved in August 2014;●“Hongri PRC,” refers to Hongri (Fujian) Sports Goods Co., Ltd., which is our wholly owned subsidiary organized in the PRC;●“Hongri International” are to Hongri International Holdings Limited, which is our wholly owned subsidiary and a company organized in the BVI;●“BVI” are to the British Virgin Islands;●“Hong Kong” are to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China;●“PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China;●“SEC” are to the Securities and Exchange Commission;●“Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;●“Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;●“Renminbi” and “RMB” are to the legal currency of China; and●“U.S. dollars,” “dollars” and “$” are to the legal currency of the United States.ForwardLooking InformationIn addition to historical information, this report contains forwardlooking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of theExchange Act. We use words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “target,” “plan,” “optimistic,” “intend,” “aim,” “will” or similar expressions whichare intended to identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, among others, those concerning market and industry segment growth and demandand acceptance of new and existing products; any projections of sales, earnings, revenue, margins or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategiesand objectives of management for future operations; and any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, as well as all assumptions,expectations, predictions, intentions or beliefs about future events. You are cautioned that any such forwardlooking statements are not guarantees of futureperformance and involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions, which, if they were to ever materialize or prove incorrect, could cause the results of theCompany to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forwardlooking statements. Potential risks and uncertainties include, among other things, thepossibility that we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues and profits due to our failure to anticipate consumer preferences and develop newmenswear products, our failure to execute our business expansion plan, changes in domestic and foreign laws, regulations and taxes, changes in economicconditions, uncertainties related to China’s legal system and economic, political and social events in China, a general economic downturn, a downturn in thesecurities markets, and other risks and uncertainties which are generally set forth under Item 3 “Key information—D. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and our other filings with the SEC. These reports attempt toadvise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects. The forwardlookingstatements made in this report speak only as of the date hereof and we disclaim any obligation, except as required by law, to provide updates, revisions oramendments to any forwardlooking statements to reflect changes in our expectations or future events.On February 3, 2017, approved by the shareholders, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen (1for15) reverse stock split of the Company’s issued andoutstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided that shareholders are entitled to receive the number ofshares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Stock Market on a splitadjusted basis when themarket opened on February 9, 2017. All references in this report to share and per share data have been adjusted, including historical data which have beenretroactively adjusted, to give effect to the reverse stock split unless specified otherwise.1Table of ContentsPART IITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERSA.Directors and Senior ManagementNot applicable.B.AdvisorsNot applicable.C.AuditorsNot applicable.ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLEA.Offer StatisticsNot applicable.B.Method and Expected TimetableNot applicable.ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATIONA.Selected Financial DataThe following table presents selected financial data regarding our business. It should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and relatednotes contained elsewhere in this annual report and the information under Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” The selected consolidatedstatements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, and the selected consolidated statements of financialposition data as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are included in this annual reportbeginning on page F1. The selected consolidated statements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the selectedconsolidated statements of financial position data as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements thatare not included in this annual report.Our consolidated financial statements were prepared and presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by theInternational Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The selected financial data information is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the historicalconsolidated financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere herein. The financial statements contained elsewhere fully represent our financial conditionand operations; however, they are not indicative of our future performance.2Table of ContentsYears ended December 31,20182017201620152014Statement of Income DataTotal revenue$18,535,116$23,762,536$41,200,205$61,343,681$58,832,481Total cost of sales(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)(46,511,274)(39,416,973)Gross profit(2,316,136)(11,511,816)2,158,27214,832,40719,415,508Distribution and selling expenses(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)(6,621,256)(7,191,606)Administrative expenses(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)2,798,082(4,649,229)Profit for the year(17,968,597)(14,815,596)(11,902,688)1,243,6706,876,982Total comprehensive income for the year(20,040,295)(10,004,880)(18,028,121)(4,801,102)6,526,172Outstanding shares2,299,9151,860,8311,750,1421,694,4891,694,489Earnings per share, basic diluted8.067.966.800.734.06Balance Sheet DataCash and cash equivalents$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,341$21,214,080$20,604,583Noncurrent assets29,837,87540,966,31934,754,94247,221,52952,929,386Current assets31,328,13140,343,38656,343,82362,098,95162,093,570Working capital24,463,44633,060,87748,647,18553,598,85452,704,076Total assets61,166,00681,309,70591,098,765109,310,480115,022,956Current liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,500,0979,389,493Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,503,5069,404,880Equity54,301,32174,027,19683,402,127100,816,974105,618,076B.Capitalization and IndebtednessNot applicable.C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of ProceedsNot applicable.D.Risk FactorsAn investment in our capital stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the otherinformation included in this annual report, before making an investment decision. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial conditionor results of operations could suffer. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.3Table of ContentsRISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSGeneral economic conditions, including a prolonged weakness in the economy, may affect consumer discretionary spending, which could adversely affect ourbusiness and financial performance.The apparel industry has historically been subject to substantial cyclical variations. Our business and financial performance are dependent on a number of factorsimpacting consumer discretionary spending, including general economic and business conditions; consumer confidence; wages and employment levels; thehousing market; consumer debt levels; availability of consumer credit; credit and interest rates; fuel and energy costs; energy shortages; taxes; general politicalconditions, both domestic and abroad. Consumer product purchases, including purchases of our products, may decline during recessionary periods. Our ability toaccess the capital markets may be restricted at a time when we would like, or need, to raise capital, which could impair on our ability to open additional stores orbuild additional manufacturing lines. In addition, as domestic and international economic conditions change, trends in consumer spending on discretionary items,including our merchandise, become unpredictable and subject to reductions due to economic uncertainties. A prolonged economic recovery or an uncertain outlookin the economy could result in additional declines in consumer discretionary spending, which could materially affect our financial performance.A contraction in apparel sales and production could impair our results of operations and liquidity and jeopardize our supply base.Apparel sales and production are cyclical and depend, among other things, on general economic conditions and consumer spending and preferences. As thevolume of apparel production fluctuates, the demand for our products also fluctuates. A contraction in apparel sales could harm our results of operations andliquidity. In addition, our suppliers would also be subject to many of the same consequences which could pressure their results of operations and liquidity.Depending on an individual supplier’s financial condition and access to capital, its viability could be challenged which could impact its ability to perform as weexpect and consequently our ability to meet our own commitments.If we are unable to anticipate consumer preferences and develop new menswear products, we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues andprofits.Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define apparel trends as well as to anticipate, gauge and react to changing consumer demands formenswear in a timely manner. Our target market of consumers comprises urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 with moderatetohigh levels of disposableincome. Our business is particularly sensitive to their fashion preferences, which cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumeracceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, and our future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes. If we failto anticipate accurately and respond to trends and shifts in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing product offerings, developing new products,designs, styles and categories, we could experience lower sales, excess inventories and lower profit margins. In a distressed economic and retail environment, manyof our competitors may engage in aggressive activities, such as markdowns or other promotional sales to dispose of excess, slowmoving inventory, furtherincreasing the need to react appropriately to changing consumer preferences and fashion trends. Failure to do so could adversely affect the level of acceptance ofour products, our brand image and our relationship with our distributors, and therefore have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results ofoperations.The apparel industry is highly competitive, and if we fail to compete effectively, we could lose our market position.The menswear industry is highly competitive in China and worldwide. We compete with various domestic brands with similar business models and target markets.We also compete with a growing number of international brands trying to expand their market share in China to take advantage of rising consumer spending oncasual menswear. Our primary international and domestic competitors include Exceed, Xiniya, Cabbeen, GXG and NQ. Some of our competitors are significantlylarger and have greater financial resources than we do. In order to compete effectively, we must: (1) maintain the image of our brands and our reputation forinnovation and high quality; (2) be flexible and innovative in responding to rapidly changing market demands on the basis of brand image, style, performance andquality; and (3) offer consumers a wide variety of high quality products at competitive prices.4Table of ContentsThe purchasing decisions of consumers are highly subjective and can be influenced by many factors, such as brand image, marketing programs and productfeatures. Some of our competitors enjoy competitive advantages, including greater brand recognition and greater financial resources for competitive activities, suchas sales, marketing and strategic acquisitions. The number of our direct competitors and the intensity of competition may increase as we expand into other productlines or as other companies expand into our product lines. Our competitors may enter into business combinations or alliances that strengthen their competitivepositions or prevent us from taking advantage of such combinations or alliances. Our competitors also may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than wecan to new or changing opportunities, standards or consumer preferences. Our results of operations and market position may be adversely impacted by ourcompetitors and the competitive pressures in the menswear industries.Failure to effectively promote or develop our brand could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.We sell all our products under the KBS brand, from which we derive most of our revenues. Brand image is an important factor that affects a customer’s purchasingdecision for menswear products. Our success therefore depends on, among other things, market recognition and acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture,lifestyle, and images associated with the brand, some of which may not be within our control. We have limited control over our distributors that we rely upon to sellour products, which may limit our ability to ensure a consistent brand image. See “Risks Factors Related to Our Business –We have limited control over the ultimateretail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhere to, or fail to cause the third party retail outletoperators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.” We began designing, promoting, and selling KBS branded products in China in 2006. To effectivelypromote KBS brand, we need build and maintain the brand image by focusing on a variety of promotional and marketing activities to promote brand awareness, aswell as to increase its presence in the markets in which we compete. There is no assurance that we will be able to effectively promote or develop KBS brand, and ifwe fail to do so, the goodwill of KBS brand may be undermined and our business as well as our financial results may be adversely affected. In addition, negativepublicity or disputes regarding KBS brand, products, company, or management could materially and adversely affect public perception of KBS brand. Any impact onour ability to continue to sell KBS brand or any significant damage to KBS brand’s image could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends on the continued service of our senior executives and other key employees. In particular, we rely on the expertise, experience,and business contacts, of Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ms. Lixia Tu, our Director and Chief Financial Officer and Mr. ThemisKalapotharakos, our director. If one or more of our senior executives are unable or unwilling to continue to work for us in their present positions, we may have tospend a considerable amount of time and resources searching, recruiting, and integrating the replacements into our operations, which would substantially divertmanagement’s attention from and severely disrupt the Company business. This may also adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategy. Moreover, ifany of our senior executives joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, suppliers and key employees.Failure to execute our business expansion plan could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.A large part of our initial growth resulted from an increase in the number of our retail sales outlets, including corporate and franchised stores, and the increased salesvolume and profitability provided by these sales outlets. The number of our sales outlets increased from 8 in 2006 to 33 in year 2018.5Table of ContentsWe have our factory located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China, consisting of an aggregate of 110,457 square meters of land. Currently the facility there has aproduction capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year and can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces original equipmentmanufacturer (OEM) products for online stores, regional apparel brands and overseas orders. The construction commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases:Phase 1 consists of the construction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We havecompleted the construction of facilities of Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Phase 3 construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has beendelayed because the local government needs additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Because the time forthe government to resolve this matter is uncertain, we wrote off the land use right of the third parcel of land from account balance, according to the internationalframework reporting standard. Phase 4 includes building production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quartersand living facilities on the third parcel of land. As a result, our commitments to this facility may reduce our liquidity for an indefinite period and until it is completed.We could also indefinitely lose opportunities to expand our sales due to any further delay of our construction.The decision to increase our production capacity was based in part on our projections of market demand for our products and OEM orders from other brand nameowners. If actual customer demand does not meet our projections, we will likely suffer overcapacity problems and may have to leave capacity idle or need to contractout our facilities at an unfavorable price, which may reduce our overall profitability and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our futuresuccess depends on our ability to expand the Company’s business to address growth in demand for our current and future products.Our ability to expand the Company’s business is subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including:●the unavailability of additional funding to invest more in brand recognition such as advertisement, expand our production capacity, purchase additionalfixed assets and purchase raw materials on favorable terms or at all;●our inability to manage an online shop, hire qualified personnel and establish distribution methods;●conditions in the commercial real estate market existing at the time we seek to expand;●delays and cost overruns as a result of a number of factors, many of which may be beyond our control, such as problems with equipment vendors andcontract manufacturers;●failure to maintain high quality control standards;●shortage of raw materials;●our inability to obtain, or delays in obtaining, required approvals by relevant government authorities;●diversion of significant management attention and other resources; and●failure to execute our expansion plan effectively.The expansion of our business may place significant strain on our personnel, management, financial systems and operational infrastructure and may impede ourability to meet any increased demand for our products. To accommodate the Company’s growth, we will need to implement a variety of new and upgradedoperational and financial systems, procedures, and controls, including improvements to our accounting and other internal management systems, by dedicatingadditional resources to our reporting and accounting function and improvements to our record keeping and contract tracking system. We will also need to recruitmore personnel and train and manage our growing employee base. Furthermore, we will need to maintain and expand relationships with our current and futurecustomers, suppliers, distributors and other third parties, and there is no guarantee that we will succeed.In the future, we also intend to invest more resources to research and purchase online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that we will have betteropportunities to expand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores. In addition, we will keep on exploring other areas and business models, such as theuse of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends.If we encounter any of the risks described above or if we are otherwise unable to establish or successfully operate online shops or additional production capacity,we may be unable to grow our business and revenues, reduce our operating costs, maintain our competitiveness or improve our profitability and, consequently, ourbusiness, financial condition, results of operations and prospects will be adversely affected.6Table of ContentsIf we are unable to fund capital expenditures or obtain additional sources of liquidity when we need it, our business may be adversely affected. In addition, ifwe obtain equity financing, the issuance of our equity securities could cause dilution for our stockholders. To the extent we obtain the financing through theissuance of debt securities, our debt service obligations could increase, and we may become subject to restrictive operating and financial covenants.We anticipate that we will make substantial capital investments to expand our business within the next 3 years. There is no assurance that we will have sufficientcash to fund our anticipated capital expenditures. If we need but are unable to obtain adequate financing with on terms favorable to us, we may be unable tosuccessfully maintain our operations and accomplish our growth strategy. In addition, we may be unable to generate sufficient cash internally or obtain alternativesources of capital to fund our proposed capital expenditures, take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures. As a result, we mayseek to sell additional equity securities, debt securities, or borrow from lending institutions. Any issuance of equity securities could cause dilution for ourstockholders. Any incurrence of indebtedness could increase our debt service obligations and cause us to be subject to restrictive operating and financecovenants. Our ability to obtain external financing in the future is also subject to a number of uncertainties, including:●Our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;●general market conditions for financing activities by companies in our industry;●economic, political and other conditions in China and elsewhere; and●uncertain economic prospect and tightened credit markets resulting from the recent global economic slowdown and financial market crisis.If we are unable to obtain funding in a timely manner or on commercially acceptable terms, or at all, our growth prospects and future profitability may be materiallyadversely affected. Adverse changes in the capital markets could make it difficult to obtain capital or obtain it at attractive rates.Our past results may not be indicative of our future performance and evaluating our business and prospects may be difficult.Our business has gone through various stages of the business life cycle in recent years as demonstrated by our growth in net sales, which reached $99.6 million forthe year ended December 31, 2013, while in 2014 our net sales decreased by 40% to $58.8 million and in year 2015 net sales went up slightly by 4.3% to $61.3 million,our net sales decreased by 32.8% to $41.2 million in 2016, net sales decreased 42% to $23.8 million in 2017 and net sales further decreased 22% to $18.53 million in2018. The decrease in sales in 2016, 2017 and 2018 as compared with 2013 was mainly due to the slowdown of the Chinese economic growth and a challenging retailenvironment. As a result, we cannot assure that we will be able to achieve similar growth in future periods as recent years before 2014, and our historical operatingresults may not provide a meaningful basis for evaluating our business, financial performance and prospects. Moreover, our ability to achieve satisfactoryproduction results at higher volumes is unproven. Therefore, you should not rely on our past results or our historical rate of growth as an indication of our futureperformance.We experience fluctuations in operating results.Our annual and quarterly operating results have fluctuated, and are expected to continue to fluctuate. Among the factors that may cause our operating results tofluctuate are customers’ response to merchandise offerings, the timing of the rollout of new sales outlets, seasonal variations in sales, the timing of merchandisereceipts, the level of merchandise returns, changes in merchandise mix and presentation, our cost of merchandise, unanticipated operating costs, and other factorsbeyond our control, such as general economic conditions and actions of competitors.We have historically experienced seasonal fluctuations in our sales. A substantial portion of our revenues are typically earned during the second and fourthquarters and we generally experience lowest revenues during the first and third quarters. If sales during the second and fourth quarters are lower than expected, ouroperating results would be adversely affected, and it would have a disproportionately large impact on our annual operating results. The sales of our products arealso affected by local spending behavior, which are typically affected by seasonal shopping patterns during major Chinese holidays.7Table of ContentsAs a result of these factors, we believe that periodtoperiod comparisons of historical and future results will not necessarily be meaningful and should not be reliedon as an indication of future performance.Our failure to collect the trade receivables or untimely collection could affect our liquidity.Our distributors place advance purchase orders twice a year. From 2015 to 2018, we typically expect and receive payment within 30180 days of product delivery. Inaddition, approximately 83.2% of accounts receivables are within a 180 days credit term. Starting in September 2015, we extended credit to some of our customers to150180 days without requiring collaterals. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of the financial condition of our customers and we generally require no collateralfrom our distributors and authorized retailers to secure their payment obligations. However, our sales going forward may rely more heavily on credit, and if weencounter future problems collecting amounts due from our clients or if we experience delays in the collection of amounts due from our clients, our liquidity could benegatively affected.The Chinese economy experienced a softening of economic growth, and the apparel industry is also facing a downturn. The impact of the current and possiblefuture economic downturn on our distributors cannot be predicted and may be severe, causing a significant impact on their business. As a result, our financialcondition and result of operations could be negatively affected. In addition, if they cannot continue their orders of our products due to the failure of paying us forits previous purchases, our brand image and reputation may be materially negatively affected as well.We rely on distributors for a substantial portion of our sales and the loss of any of our large distributors would harm our business. A substantial portion of our sales are made to distributors that resell our products. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, distributors accounted forapproximately 67% and 73% of our total sales, respectively, and our top five distributors accounted for approximately 23.8% and 34.8% of our total sales,respectively. The marketing efforts of our distributors are critical for our success. If we fail to attract additional distributors, and our existing distributors do notpromote our products at the same or at a greater level than the products of our competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could beadversely affected.Furthermore, there is no assurance that any of our distributors will satisfy the sales targets set forth in their distribution agreements and we or they may not wish torenew the distribution agreements in future years. Moreover, our distributors are not obliged to continue to place orders with the Company at the same level asbefore or at all and there is no assurance that we would be able to obtain orders from other distributors to replace any such lost sales on terms satisfactory to us orall. If any of our largest distributors substantially reduces its purchases from us, or otherwise fails to renew its distribution agreement with us, we may suffer asignificant loss of sales and our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We have limited control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhereto, or fail to cause the third party retail outlet operators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.We rely on the contractual obligations set forth in the distribution agreements that we enter into with our distributors, as well as policies and standards we formulatefrom time to time, to impose our retail policies on these distributors in respect of the franchisee retail outlets. In addition, as we do not enter into any agreementswith the third party retail outlet operators, we rely on our distributors to ensure that these franchisee retail outlets operate in accordance with our retail policies. Assuch, our control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and the franchisee retail outlet operators is limited. There is no assurance that our distributors orthe third party franchisee retail outlet operators will comply with, or that the distributors will enforce, our retail policies. As a result, we may not be able to effectivelymanage our sales network or maintain a uniform brand image, and cannot assure you that franchisee retail outlets would continue to offer quality services toconsumers.8Table of ContentsIn addition, if any of the distributors or third party franchisee retail outlet operators experiences difficulties in selling our products in the retail market, they mayattempt to disregard our pricing policies and liquidate their excessive inventory buildup through aggressive discounts, which may damage the image and the valueof our brand. There is no assurance that we will be able to, in a timely manner, impose penalties on or replace any distributors who consistently fail to comply with,or fail to cause the third party franchisee retail outlet operators appointed by them to comply with, our retail policies in their operation of franchisee retail outlets. Insuch event, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We may not be able to accurately track the inventory levels at our distributors, retailers or department store concessions.Our ability to track the sales by our distributors to thirdparty retailers and the ultimate retail sales by the retailers, and consequently their respective inventorylevels, is limited. We implement a policy to require our distributors to provide us with their sales reports on a weekly basis and we carry out random onsiteinspections of our distributors to track their inventories. The purpose of tracking the inventory level is mainly to gather information regarding the market acceptanceof our products so that we can reflect consumers’ preferences in the design and development of our products for the next season. The tracking of inventory levelalso helps us to understand the market recognition of our products in a particular region, and thus allows us to adjust our marketing strategy if necessary. Theimplementation of the policy, however, requires the distributors to accurately report the relevant data to us in a timely manner, which is largely dependent on thecooperation of the Company’s distributors. We may not always obtain the required data in time and the data provided to us by our distributors may be inaccurate orincomplete.Inaccurate, mistaken, incomplete or delayed data regarding inventory levels may mislead the Company to make wrong business judgments for its production,marketing efforts and sales strategies. If that happens, our operations and financial results may be materially adversely affected. In addition, if we cannot manageinventory levels properly, future orders of our products may be reduced, which would materially adversely affect our future business, financial condition, results ofoperation and prospects.Our operations could be materially adversely affected if we fail to effectively manage our relationships with, or lose the services of, our OEM contractmanufacturers.The production of our brand name products are 100% outsourced to PRCbased thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2018 and2017 we had 5 and 6 contract manufacturers, respectively. Purchases from our top five OEM contract manufacturers accounted for approximately 92% and 88.6% ofour total purchases for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As we do not enter into longterm contracts with our OEM contractmanufacturers, they may decide not to accept our future OEM orders on the same or similar terms, or at all. If an OEM contract manufacturer decides to substantiallyreduce its volume of supply to us or to terminate its business relationship with us, we may not be able to find a proper replacement in a timely manner and may beforced to default on the agreements with our distributors that sell our products. This may negatively impact our revenues and adversely affect our reputation andrelationships with our distributors that sell our products, causing a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.Further, if any of our OEM contract manufacturers fails to provide the required number of products meeting our quality standards, we may have to delay delivery ofproducts to our distributors, become unable to supply products at all, or even recall products previously dispatched. This could cause the Company to loserevenues or market share and damage our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operationsand prospects. In addition, some OEM contract manufacturers may not fully comply with certain laws, such as labor and environmental laws. If any of our OEMcontract manufacturers is found to have violated laws and regulations in the PRC, media reports on such violations may negatively affect our reputation and image,resulting in material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.9Table of ContentsWhile we provide the designs of our products to the OEM contract manufacturers, as well as guidance for manufacturing the products ordered by us, we do nothave direct control over the OEM contract manufacturers. If any of them is involved in unauthorized production and sale of goods using the KBS brand, ourreputation, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.As the Company grows, our reliance on OEM contract manufacturers may also grow as our added production capacity may not be sufficient to keep pace with theincreased production requirements driven by our growth. We may not be able to find sufficient additional OEM contract manufacturers to produce our products onthe same or similar terms as our existing OEM contract manufacturers, and we may not be able to achieve our growth and development goals.Any interruption in our operations could impair our financial performance and negatively affect our brand. Our operations are complicated and integrated, involving the coordination of thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers and external distribution processes. Whilethese operations are modified on a regular basis in an effort to improve outsourcing and distribution efficiency and flexibility, we may experience difficulties incoordinating the various aspects of our operations processes, thereby causing downtime and delays. In addition, we may encounter interruption in our operationsprocesses due to a catastrophic loss or events beyond our control, such as fires, explosions, labor disturbances or violent weather conditions. Any interruptions inour operations or capabilities at our facilities could result in our inability to procure our products, which would reduce our net sales and earnings for the affectedperiod. If there are delays in delivery times to our customers, our business and reputation could be severely affected. Any significant delays in deliveries to ourcustomers could lead to increased returns or cancellations and cause the Company to lose future sales. The Company currently does not have business interruptioninsurance to offset these potential losses, delays and risks so a material interruption of our business operations could severely damage our business.We rely heavily on our management information system for inventory management, distribution and other functions. If our system fail to perform thesefunctions adequately or if we experience an interruption in our operation, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. The efficient operation of our business is dependent on our management information systems. We rely heavily on our management information systems to manageour order entry, order fulfillment, pricing, pointofsale and inventory replenishment processes. We cannot assure you that our management information system will operate properly or without interruption. Any malfunction to any part or all of our managementinformation system for a prolonged period may cause delays in operations or impairment of our overall business efficiency. We also cannot ensure that the level ofsecurity currently maintained will be sufficient to protect the system from third party intrusions, viruses, lost or stolen data, or similar situations. Additionally, aspart of our growth and development strategy over the next few years, we plan to upgrade and improve our management information system. We cannot assure youthat there will be no interruptions to our management information system during the upgrades or that the new management information system will be able tointegrate fully with the existing information system. The failure of our management information system to perform as we anticipate could disrupt our business and could result in decreased revenue, increased overheadcosts and excess or outofstock inventory levels, causing our business and results of operations to suffer materially. Failure to protect the integrity, security and use of our customers’ information and media could expose us to litigation and materially damage our standingwith our customers. Increasing costs associated with information security — such as increased investment in technology, the costs of compliance with consumer protection laws andcosts resulting from consumer fraud — could cause our business and results of operations to suffer materially. While we have taken significant steps to protectcustomer and confidential information, including entering into confidentiality agreements with relevant employees and incorporate confidentiality clauses in ourpolicies, there can be no assurance that advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments will prevent thecompromise of our customer transaction processing capabilities and personal data. If any such compromise of our security were to occur, it could have a materialadverse effect on our reputation, operating results and financial condition. Any such compromise may materially increase the costs we incur to protect against suchinformation security breaches and could subject us to additional legal risk. Procurement specialists and managers are required to sign a confidentiality agreement. 10Table of ContentsWe have limited insurance coverage in China and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses. Operation of our facilities involves many risks, including equipment failures, natural disasters, industrial accidents, power outages, labor disturbances and otherbusiness interruptions. We do not carry any business interruption insurance, product recall or thirdparty liability insurance for our production facilities or withrespect to our products to cover claims pertaining to personal injury or property or environmental damage arising from defects in our products, product recalls,accidents on our property or damage relating to our operations. While business interruption insurance and other types of insurance are available to a limited extentin China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of such insurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commerciallyreasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Therefore, our existing insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all risks associatedwith our business. As a result, we may be required to pay for financial and other losses, damages and liabilities, including those caused by natural disasters andother events beyond our control, out of our own funds, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our inability to protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights may prevent us from successfully marketing our products and competingeffectively. We believe our trademarks and other intellectual property rights are important to our success and competitive position and recognize the importance of registeringthe trademarks related to our KBS brand for protection against infringement. We currently hold two registered trademarks. Failure to protect our intellectual propertycould harm our brand and our reputation, and adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. Further, enforcing or defending our intellectual property rights,including our trademarks, patents, copyrights and trade secrets, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. We produce, marketand sell our products under registered trademarks. We regard our intellectual property, particularly our trademarks and trade secrets to be of considerable value andimportance to our business and our success. We rely on a combination of trademark, patent, and trade secrecy laws, and contractual provisions to protect ourintellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect these proprietary rights will be adequate or that third parties will notinfringe or misappropriate our trademarks, trade secrets or similar proprietary rights. In addition, there can be no assurance that other parties will not assertinfringement claims against us, and we may have to pursue litigation against other parties to assert our rights. Any such claim or litigation could be costly, and wemay lack the resources required to defend against such claims. In addition, any event that would jeopardize our proprietary rights or any claims of infringement bythird parties could have a material adverse effect on our ability to market or sell our brands, and profitably exploit our products.Environmental regulations impose substantial costs and limitations on our operations. We use chemicals and produce significant emissions in our manufacturing operations. As such, we are subject to various national and local environmental laws andregulations in China concerning issues such as air emissions, wastewater discharges, and solid waste management and disposal. These laws and regulations canrestrict or limit our operations and expose us to liability and penalties for noncompliance. While we believe that our facilities are in material compliance with allapplicable environmental laws and regulations, the risks of substantial unanticipated costs and liabilities related to compliance with these laws and regulations arean inherent part of our business. It is possible that future conditions may develop, arise or be discovered that create new environmental compliance or remediationliabilities and costs. While we believe that we can comply with existing environmental legislation and regulatory requirements and that the costs of compliance havebeen included within budgeted cost estimates, compliance may prove to be more limiting and costly than anticipated.We may be unable to establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, and, as a result, we may be unable to accuratelyreport our financial results or prevent fraud.We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities law. The SEC as required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (“SOX 404”), adoptedrules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal control over financial reporting in its annual report, which mustalso contain management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, the independent registered publicaccounting firm auditing the financial statements of a company that is not a nonaccelerated filer under Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act must also attest to theoperating effectiveness of the company’s internal controls.11Table of ContentsFailure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could result in our inability to accurately report our financial results, prevent or detect fraudor provide timely and reliable financial and other information pursuant to the reporting obligations we have as a public company, which could have a materialadverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, it could cause our investors to lose confidence in the information we report,which could adversely affect our stock price.RISKS RELATED TO DOING BUSINESS IN CHINAOur business operation may be affected if we are forced to relocate our manufacturing facilities and stores.We leased the premises for our office located in Shishi and one corporate store. However, none of our lease agreements have been registered with the relevantgovernmental agencies. According to our PRC legal counsel, without registration, our rights to use and occupy the premises may not be secured if any third partiessuch as other tenants who have registered their lease agreements challenge us under PRC law. Moreover, while we have taken various measures to verify theownership of property such as checking utility bills and search government records, most of our landlords have declined to confirm whether they possess theproperty ownership certificates and land use rights certificates for our properties. As a result, we have been unable to verify whether third parties may assert theirownership rights under PRC law against most of our landlords or challenge most of our leases in the future. If our rights to use the premises are challenged, we maybe forced to relocate to other premises. We may not be able to relocate to a suitable premise promptly or lease alternative premises on terms at least as favorable asour existing ones. In addition, relocation costs and interruption of production may have a material adverse effect on our business operation and financialperformance.Changes in the economic and political policies of the PRC government could have a material and adverse effect on our business and operations.We conduct substantially all our business operations in China. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are significantly dependenton economic and political developments in China. China’s economy differs from the economies of developed countries in many aspects, including the level ofdevelopment, growth rate and degree of government control over foreign exchange and allocation of resources. While China’s economy has experienced significantgrowth in the past 30 years, the growth has been uneven across different regions and periods and among various economic sectors in China. We cannot assure youthat China’s economy will continue to grow, or that if there is growth, such growth will be steady and uniform, or that if there is a slowdown, such slowdown will nothave a negative effect on its business and results of operations.The PRC government exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, control over payment of foreign currencydenominated obligations, implementation of monetary policy, and preferential treatment of particular industries or companies. Certain measures adopted by the PRCgovernment may restrict loans to certain industries, such as changes in the statutory deposit reserve ratio and lending guidelines for commercial banks by thePeople’s Bank of China, or PBOC. These current and future government actions could materially affect our liquidity, access to capital, and ability to operate ourbusiness.The global financial markets experienced significant disruptions in 2008 and the United States, Europe and other economies went into recession. Since 2012, growthof the Chinese economy has slowed. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources.Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy but may also have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operation could bematerially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, any stimulusmeasures designed to boost the Chinese economy, may contribute to higher inflation, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.See “Risks Related to Doing Business in China Future inflation in China may inhibit our ability to conduct business in China.”12Table of ContentsUncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the legal protections available to you and us.We conduct substantially all of our business through our operating subsidiaries in the PRC. Our operating subsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulationsapplicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws applicable to foreigninvested enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes, andprior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, a series of new PRC laws and regulations have significantlyenhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, since the PRC legal system continues to evolve rapidly, theinterpretations of many laws, regulations, and rules are not always uniform, and enforcement of these laws, regulations, and rules involve uncertainties, which maylimit legal protections available to you and us. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources andmanagement attention. In addition, most of our executive officers and directors are residents of China and not of the United States, and substantially all the assets ofthese persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it could be difficult for investors to affect service of process in the United States or to enforce ajudgment obtained in the United States against our Chinese operations and subsidiaries.You may have difficulty enforcing judgments against us.Most of our assets are located outside of the United States and most of our current operations are conducted in the PRC. In addition, most of our directors andofficers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons is located outside the UnitedStates. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce inU.S. courts judgments on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, most of whom are not residents inthe United States and the substantial majority of whose assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts ofthe PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts. Our counsel as to PRC law has advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgmentsare provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. Courts in China may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRCCivil Procedures Law based on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have anytreaties or other arrangements that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments with the United States. In addition, according to thePRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violatesbasic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security, or the public interest. So, it is uncertain whether a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by acourt in the United States.The PRC government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities.The PRC government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and stateownership. Our ability to operate in China may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, import and export tariffs,environmental regulations, land use rights, property, and other matters. We believe that our operations in China are in material compliance with all applicable legaland regulatory requirements. However, the central or local governments of the jurisdictions in which we operate may impose new, stricter regulations orinterpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations orinterpretations.Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision not to continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more centrally plannedeconomy or regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant effect on economic conditions in China or particularregions thereof and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then hold in Chinese properties or joint venturesRestrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our sales effectively. The majority of our sales will be settled in RMB and U.S. dollars, and any future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit our ability to use revenue generated inRMB to fund any future business activities outside China or to make dividend or other payments in U.S. dollars. Although the Chinese government introducedregulations in 1996 to allow greater convertibility of the RMB for current account transactions, significant restrictions still remain, including primarily the restrictionthat foreigninvested enterprises may only buy, sell or remit foreign currencies after providing valid commercial documents, at those banks in China authorized toconduct foreign exchange business. In addition, conversion of RMB for capital account items, including direct investment and loans, is subject to governmentalapproval in China, and companies are required to open and maintain separate foreign exchange accounts for capital account items. We cannot be certain that theChinese regulatory authorities will not impose more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of the RMB in the future.13Table of ContentsFluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.The value of our securities will be indirectly affected by the foreign exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and RMB and between those currencies and othercurrencies in which our sales may be denominated. Appreciation or depreciation in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial resultsreported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations. Fluctuations in the exchange rate will alsoaffect the relative value of any dividend we issue that will be exchanged into U.S. dollars, as well as earnings from, and the value of, any U.S. dollardenominatedinvestments we make in the future.Since July 2005, the RMB has no longer been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Since then the RMB has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly andunpredictably, and in recent years the RMB has depreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progresstowards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate systemand there is no guarantee that the RMB will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how marketforces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future.Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedgingtransactions. While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited, and we may not beable to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition, our foreign currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrictour ability to convert RMB into foreign currencies. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends and other distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you, and otherwise fund and conduct our business. Substantially all of our sales are earned by our PRC subsidiaries. However, PRC regulations restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make dividends and otherpayments to their offshore parent companies. PRC legal restrictions permit payments of dividends by our PRC subsidiaries only out of their accumulated aftertaxprofits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are also required under PRC laws and regulations toallocate at least 10% of their annual aftertax profits determined in accordance with PRC GAAP to a statutory general reserve fund until the amounts in said fundreaches 50% of their registered capital. Allocations to these statutory reserve funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not transferable to us in the formof loans, advances, or cash dividends. Any limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to transfer funds to us could materially and adversely limit our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends and otherwise fund and conduct our business.PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary toliability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital ordistribute profits.SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing andRoundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as “SAFECircular 75” promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of the SAFE in connection with theirdirect establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets orequity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a “special purpose vehicle.” SAFE Circular 37 furtherrequires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capitalcontributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in aspecial purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profitdistributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent crossborder foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted inits ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described abovecould result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for theForeign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015 by SAFE, local banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration foroverseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under SAFE Circular 37 from June 1, 2015.14Table of ContentsAccording to SAFE Circular 37, our shareholders or beneficial owners, who are PRC residents, are subject to SAFE Circular 37 or other foreign exchangeadministrative regulations in respect of their investment in our company. We have notified substantial beneficial owners of ordinary shares who we know are PRCresidents of their filing obligations. Nevertheless, we may not be aware of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. We do not havecontrol over our beneficial owners and there can be no assurance that all of our PRCresident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE Circular 37 and subsequentimplementation rules, and there is no assurance that the registration under SAFE Circular 37 and any amendment will be completed in a timely manner, or will becompleted at all. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their foreign exchange registrations in a timely manner pursuant toSAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with theregistration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to fines andlegal sanctions. Such failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiary and limitour PRC subsidiary’s ability to distribute dividends to our company. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and resultsof operations.Furthermore, SAFE Circular 37 is unclear how this regulation, and any future regulation concerning offshore or crossborder transactions, will be interpreted,amended and implemented by the relevant PRC government authorities, and we cannot predict how these regulations will affect our business operations or futurestrategy. Failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRCsubsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to us. These risks could in the future have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results ofoperations.We may be unable to complete a business combination transaction efficiently or on favorable terms due to complicated merger and acquisition regulationswhich became effective on September 8, 2006.On August 9, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the China Securities Regulatory Commission, promulgated the Regulation on Mergers and Acquisitionsof Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006, and was subsequently amended in 2009. This regulation, among otherthings, governs the approval process of a PRC company’s participation in an acquisition of assets or equity interests. Depending on the structure of the transaction,the regulation requires the PRC parties to make a series of applications and supplemental applications to the government agencies for approval of acquisition ofassets or equity interests from other entity. In some instances, the application process may require a presentation of economic data concerning the transaction,including appraisals of the target business and evaluations of the acquirer, which are designed to allow the government to assess viability of the transaction.Government approvals will have expiration dates, by which a transaction must be completed and reported to the government agencies. Compliance with theregulation is likely to be more time consuming and expensive than it was in the past, and provides the government more controls over business combination of twoenterprises. As a result, our ability to engage in business combination transactions has become significantly more complicated, time consuming, and expensive. Wemay not be able to negotiate a transaction that is acceptable to our stockholders or sufficiently protect their interests in a transaction.The regulation allows PRC governmental agencies to assess the economic terms of a business combination transaction. Parties to a business combinationtransaction may have to submit to MOFCOM and other relevant government agencies an appraisal report, an evaluation report, and the acquisition agreement, all ofwhich were a part of the application for approval, depending on the structure of the transaction. The regulation also prohibits a transaction with an acquisition priceobviously lower than the appraised value of the PRC business or assets and in certain transaction structures, and requires consideration being paid within a definedperiod, generally not in excess of a year. The regulation also limits our ability to negotiate various terms of the acquisition, including the initial consideration,contingent consideration, holdback provisions, indemnification provisions, and provisions related to the assumption and allocation of assets and liabilities.Transaction structures involving trusts, nominees and similar entities are prohibited. Therefore, such regulation may impede our ability to negotiate and complete abusiness combination transaction on financial terms that satisfy our investors and protect our stockholders’ economic interests.15Table of ContentsPRC regulation of loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion mayrestrict or prevent us from using the proceeds of our future financings to make loans to our PRC subsidiaries, or to make additional capital contributions toour PRC subsidiary.We, as an offshore holding company, are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC subsidiary, which are treated as foreigninvestedenterprises under PRC laws, through loans or capital contributions. However, loans by us to any PRC subsidiary to finance its activities cannot exceed statutorylimits and must be registered with the local counterpart of SAFE and capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary are subject to the requirement of making necessaryfilings in the Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System, and registration with other governmental authorities in China.SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital ofForeigninvested Enterprises, or Circular 19, effective on June 1, 2015, in replacement of the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvementof the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign Invested Enterprises, or Circular 142, the Notice from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Exchange Businesses, or Circular 59, and theCircular on Further Clarification and Regulation of the Issues Concerning the Administration of Certain Capital Account Foreign Exchange Businesses, orCircular 45. According to Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of a foreigninvestedcompany is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans, the repayment of interenterprise loans or the repayment ofbank loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of aforeign invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within the PRC, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFEwill permit such capital to be used for equity investments in the PRC in actual practice. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, whichreiterates some of the rules set forth in Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registeredcapital of a foreigninvested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to grant loans to nonassociated enterprises.Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. Circular 19 and Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer anyforeign currency we hold, including the net proceeds from our future financings, to our PRC subsidiary, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability tofund and expand our business in the PRC.Due to the restrictions imposed on loans in foreign currencies extended to any PRC domestic companies, we are not likely to make such loans to any of our PRCsubsidiaries. Meanwhile, we are not likely to finance the activities of our subsidiaries by means of capital contributions given the restrictions on foreign investmentin the businesses that are currently conducted by our subsidiaries.In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannotassure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, withrespect to future loans to our PRC subsidiary or any consolidated variable interest entity or future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiary. As a result,uncertainties exist as to our ability to provide prompt financial support to our PRC subsidiaries when needed. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain suchapprovals, our ability to use foreign currency, including the proceeds we received from our future financings, and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operationsmay be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.16Table of ContentsAny failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal oradministrative sanctions.Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas nonpubliclylisted companies may submit applications to SAFE orits local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. In the meantime, our directors, executive officers andother employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year, subject to limitedexceptions, and who have been granted restricted shares, options or restricted share units, or RSUs, by us or our overseas listed subsidiaries may follow the Noticeon Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company,issued by SAFE in February 2012, to apply for the foreign exchange registration. According to those regulations, employees, directors and other managementmembers participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC citizens residing in China for acontinuous period of not less than one year, subject to limited exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which may be aPRC subsidiary of the overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines andlegal sanctions and may also limit their ability to make payment under the relevant equity incentive plans or receive dividends or sales proceeds related thereto inforeign currencies, or our ability to contribute additional capital into our domestic subsidiaries in China and limit our domestic subsidiaries’ ability to distributedividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties under PRC law that could restrict our ability or the ability of our overseas listed subsidiaries to adoptadditional equity incentive plans for our directors and employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period ofnot less than one year, subject to limited exceptions.In addition, the State Administration of Taxation has issued circulars concerning employee share options, restricted shares or RSUs. Under these circulars,employees working in the PRC who exercise share options, or whose restricted shares or RSUs vest, will be subject to PRC individual income tax. The PRCsubsidiaries of an overseas listed company have obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authoritiesand to withhold individual income taxes of those employees related to their share options, restricted shares or RSUs. If the employees fail to pay, or the PRCsubsidiaries fail to withhold, their income taxes according to relevant laws, rules and regulations, the PRC subsidiaries may face sanctions imposed by the taxauthorities.Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a “resident enterprise” of China. Such classification will likely result in unfavorable taxconsequences to us and our nonPRC shareholders.On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress of China passed a new Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law. On November 28, 2007, the State Council ofChina passed its implementing rules, which took effect on January 1, 2008. Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto managementbodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise,” meaning that it can be treated in a manner similar to a Chinese enterprise for enterprise income taxpurposes. The implementing rules of the EIT Law define de facto management as “substantial and overall management and control over the production andoperations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise.On April 22, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice Concerning Relevant Issues Regarding Cognizance of Chinese Investment ControlledEnterprises Incorporated Offshore as Resident Enterprises. According to the Criteria of de facto Management Bodies, or the Notice, further interprets the applicationof the EIT Law and its implementation nonChinese enterprise or group controlled offshore entities. Pursuant to the Notice, an enterprise incorporated in an offshorejurisdiction and controlled by a Chinese enterprise or group will be classified as a “nondomestically incorporated resident enterprise” if (i) its senior management incharge of daily operations reside or perform their duties mainly in China; (ii) its financial or personnel decisions are made or approved by bodies or persons in China;(iii) its substantial assets and properties, accounting books, corporate chops, board and shareholder minutes are kept in China; and (iv) at least half of its directorswith voting rights or senior management often resident in China. A resident enterprise would be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on its worldwideincome and must pay a withholding tax at a rate of 10%, when paying dividends to its nonPRC shareholders. However, it remains unclear as to whether the Notice isapplicable to an offshore enterprise incorporated by a Chinese natural person, nor detailed measures on imposition of tax from nondomestically incorporatedresident enterprises are available. Therefore, it is unclear how tax authorities will determine tax residency based on the facts of each case.17Table of ContentsWe may be deemed to be a resident enterprise by Chinese tax authorities. If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for the PRCenterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on financingproceeds and nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although, under the EIT Law and its implementingrules, dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued a guidance with respect to the processingof outbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for the PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidanceissued with respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation, which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to ournonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC stockholders from transferring our shares.Our failure to fully comply with PRC laws relating to social insurance and housing accumulation fund may expose it to potential administrative penalties. The PRC laws and regulations require all employers in China to fully contribute their own portion to the social insurance and housing accumulation funds for theiremployees within a certain period of time. Failure to do so may expose the employers to make rectification for the unpaid contributions by the relevant laborauthority. As of the date of this report, Hongri PRC has not paid housing accumulation funds for its employees. In addition, Hongri PRC failed to make contributions to thesocial insurance in full amount for its employees before 2014. PRC governmental authorities may impose penalties on Hongri PRC for failure to comply. In addition, inthe event that any current or former employee files a complaint with the PRC government, Hongri PRC may be subject to making up the contributions to the socialinsurance and housing accumulation funds as well as paying administrative fines. The total cost of these contributions and any related fines or penalties could besignificant and could have a material adverse effect on our working capital. We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Chinese anticorruption laws, and any determination that we violated these lawscould have a material adverse effect on our business. We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act, or FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and theirofficials and political parties by U.S. persons and issuers as defined by the statute, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have operations,agreements with third parties, and make most of our sales in China. The PRC also strictly prohibits bribery of government officials. Our activities in China create therisk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company, even though they may not alwaysbe subject to our control. It is our policy to implement safeguards to discourage these practices by our employees. However, our existing safeguards and any futureimprovements may prove to be less than effective, and the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company may engage in conduct for whichwe might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA or Chinese anticorruption laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to otherliabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the U.S. government may seek to hold our Companyliable for successor liability FCPA violations committed by companies in which we invest or that we acquire. If we become directly subject to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.listed Chinese companies, we may have to expendsignificant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations, stock price and reputation, and could result in a loss ofyour investment in our stock, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favorably. In the past few years, U.S. publicly traded companies that have substantially all of their operations in China, particularly companies like us have been the subject ofintense scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators, and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism,and negative publicity has centered around financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, lacking effective internal controls over financial accounting,inadequate corporate governance policies or lacking of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, criticism, and negativepublicity, the publicly traded stocks of many U.S. listed Chinese companies have sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, have become virtually worthless.Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions, and are conducting internal and external investigations into theallegations. It is not clear the effect of this sectorwide scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity will have on our Company, our business, and our stock price. If webecome the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources toinvestigate such allegations defending our Company. This situation will be costly, time consuming, and distract our management from growing our company.18Table of ContentsThe disclosures in our reports and other filings with the SEC and our other public pronouncements will not be subject to the scrutiny of any regulatory bodiesin the PRC. Accordingly, our public disclosure should be reviewed in light of the fact that no governmental agency that is located in China where all of ouroperations and business are located have conducted any due diligence on our operations or reviewed or cleared any of our disclosure. Unlike public reporting companies whose operations are located primarily in the United States, however, all of our operations will be located in China. Since all of ouroperations and business takes place in China, it may be more difficult for the Staff of the SEC to overcome the geographic and cultural obstacles that are presentwhen reviewing our disclosure. These same obstacles are not present for similar companies whose operations or business take place entirely or primarily in theUnited States. Furthermore, our SEC reports and other disclosure and public pronouncements are not subject to the review or scrutiny of any PRC regulatoryauthority. For example, the disclosure in our SEC reports and other filings are not subject to the review of the CSRC, a PRC regulator that is tasked with oversight ofthe capital markets in China. Accordingly, you should review our SEC reports, filings and our other public pronouncements with the understanding that no localregulator has done any due diligence on our company and with the understanding that none of our SEC reports, other filings or any of our other publicpronouncements has been reviewed or otherwise been scrutinized by any local regulator. Proceedings instituted by the SEC against five PRCbased accounting firms could result in financial statements being determined to be not in compliance withthe requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.In December 2012, the SEC instituted proceedings under Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) of the SEC’s Rules of Practice against five PRCbased accounting firms alleging that thesefirms had violated U.S. securities laws and the SEC’s rules and regulations thereunder by failing to provide to the SEC the firms’ work papers related to their audits ofcertain PRCbased companies that are publicly traded in the United States. Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) grants to the SEC the authority to deny to any person, temporarily orpermanently, the ability to practice before the SEC who is found by the SEC, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, to have willfully violated, or willfully aidedand abetted the violation of, any such laws or rules and regulations. On January 22, 2014, an initial administrative law decision was issued, sanctioning four of theseaccounting firms and suspending them from practicing before the SEC for a period of six months. The sanction will not take effect until there is an order ofeffectiveness issued by the SEC. In February 2014, four of these PRCbased accounting firms filed a petition for review of the initial decision. In February 2015, eachof these four accounting firms agreed to a censure and to pay fine to the SEC to settle the dispute with the SEC. The settlement stays the current proceeding for fouryears, during which time the firms are required to follow detailed procedures to seek to provide the SEC with access to Chinese firms’ audit documents via the CSRC.If a firm does not follow the procedures, the SEC would impose penalties such as suspensions, or commence a new, expedited administrative proceeding against thenoncompliant firm or it could restart the administrative proceeding against all four firms.If our independent registered public accounting firm were denied, temporarily or permanently, the ability to practice before the SEC, and we are unable to find in atimely manner another registered public accounting firm which can audit and issue a report on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determinedto not be in compliance with the requirements for financial statements of public companies with a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the SEC’s revocation of the registration of our common stock under theExchange Act, which would cause the immediate delisting of our common stock from the NASDAQ Capital Market, and the effective termination of the tradingmarket for our common stock in the United States, which would likely have a significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.19Table of ContentsOur holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should we decide inthe future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depend upon the receipts of dividends or other payments fromour operating subsidiaries, other holdings, and investments. In addition, our operating subsidiaries, from time to time, may be subject to restrictions on their abilityto make distributions to us, including as a result of restrictive covenants in loan agreements, restrictions on the conversion of local currency into U.S. dollars orother hard currency, and other regulatory restrictions as discussed below. If future dividends are paid in RMB, fluctuations in the exchange rate for conversion ofRMB into U.S. dollars may reduce the amount received by the U.S. stockholders upon conversion of dividend payments into U.S. dollars.Chinese regulations currently permit the payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards andregulations. Our subsidiaries in China are also required to set aside a portion of their aftertax profits to fund certain reserve funds according to the Chineseaccounting standards and regulations. Currently, our subsidiaries in China are the only sources of revenues or investment holdings for the payment of dividends. Ifthey do not accumulate sufficient profits under Chinese accounting standards and regulations to satisfy certain reserve funds as required by the Chineseaccounting standards, we will be unable to pay any dividends.Aftertax profits/losses with respect to the payment of dividends from accumulated profits and the annual appropriation of aftertax profits as calculated pursuant tothe Chinese accounting standards and regulations do not result in significant differences as compared to aftertax earnings as presented in our financial statements.However, there are certain differences between PRC accounting standards and regulations and U.S. GAAP, arising from different treatment of items such asamortization of intangible assets and change in fair value of contingent consideration rising from business combinations.RISKS RELATED TO THIS OFFERING AND THE MARKET FOR OUR SECURITIES GENERALLYIf we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of NASDAQ, we would face possible delisting, which would result in a limited public market for ourshares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Our common stock is traded and listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “KBSF.” The common stock may be delisted if we fail to maintain certainNasdaq listing requirements. For instance, companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bidprice per share of $1.00 for 30 consecutive business days. On March 3, 2016, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the 30 consecutive businessdays between January 20, 2016 and March 2, 2016, the bid price of our common stock closed below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQListing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued inclusion on The NASDAQ Capital Market. In accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we had an initial graceperiod of 180 calendar days, or until August 30, 2016, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. After the Company effectuated a oneforfifteenreverse stock split of the outstanding common stock, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq on February 27, 2017 stating that because the Company maintainedthe closing bid price of its common stock at $1.00 per share or greater from February 9 to February 24, 2017, they determined that the Company has regainedcompliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement.We cannot ensure you that we will continue to comply with the requirements for continued listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If our commonstock is no longer listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market, our shares would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our shares could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, andsecurity analysts’ coverage of us may be reduced. In addition, in the event our shares are delisted, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed uponthem, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions in our shares, further limiting the liquidity of our shares. These factors could result in lowerprices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our shares. Such delisting from The NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our shareprice could also greatly impair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing, and could significantly increase the ownershipdilution to shareholders caused by our issuing equity in financing or other transactions.20Table of ContentsIf we were delisted from NASDAQ, we may become subject to the trading complications experienced by “Penny Stocks” in the overthecounter market.Delisting from NASDAQ may cause our shares of common stock to become the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. The SEC generally defines a penny stock as an equitysecurity that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. One such exemption is tobe listed on NASDAQ. The market price of our common stock is currently higher than $1.00 per share. However, because the daily trading volume in our commonstock is very low, significant price movement can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Therefore, were we to be delisted from NASDAQ,our common stock may become subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. These rules require, among other things, that any broker engaging in a purchase or sale ofour securities provide its customers with: (i) a risk disclosure document, (ii) disclosure of market quotations, if any, (iii) disclosure of the compensation of the brokerand its salespersons in the transaction and (iv) monthly account statements showing the market values of our securities held in the customer’s accounts. A brokerwould be required to provide the bid and offer quotations and compensation information before effecting the transaction. This information must be contained on thecustomer’s confirmation. Generally, brokers are less willing to effect transactions in penny stocks due to these additional delivery requirements. These requirementsmay make it more difficult for shareholders to purchase or sell our shares. Because the broker, not us, prepares this information, we would not be able to assure thatsuch information is accurate, complete or current.Trading in our shares over the last three months has been very limited, so our stock price is highly volatile, leading to the possibility that you may not be able tosell as much stock as you want at prevailing prices.Because approximately 70% of our then issued and outstanding shares of common stock was tendered in the tender offering closed on July 29, 2014, we currentlyhave a limited amount of shares eligible for public trading. The average daily trading volume in our common stock over the last three months is very limited. If limitedtrading in our common stock continues, it may be difficult for investors to sell their shares in the public market at any given time at prevailing prices. Moreover, themarket price for shares of our common stock may be made more volatile because of the relatively low volume of trading in our common stock. When trading volumeis low, significant price movement of our common stock can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Volatility in our common stock couldcause stockholders to incur substantial losses.Numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly.There are numerous additional factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly. Thesefactors include:●our earnings releases, actual or anticipated changes in our earnings, fluctuations in our operating results or our failure to meet the expectations of financialmarket analysts and investors;●changes in financial estimates by us or by any securities analysts who might cover our shares;●speculation about our business in the press or the investment community;●significant developments relating to our relationships with our customers or suppliers;●stock market price and volume fluctuations of other publicly traded companies and, in particular, those that are in our industries;●customer demand for our products;●investor perceptions of our industry in general and our company in particular;●the operating and stock performance of comparable companies;●general economic conditions and trends;●major catastrophic events;●announcements by us or our competitors of new products, significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships or divestitures;●changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretation or principles;●loss of external funding sources;●sales of our shares, including sales by our directors, officers or significant shareholders; and●additions or departures of key personnel.21Table of ContentsSecurities class action litigation is often instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their share price. This type of litigation could result insubstantial costs to us and divert our management’s attention and resources. Moreover, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price andvolume fluctuations for reasons unrelated to operating performance of particular companies. For example, in July 2008, the securities markets in the United States,China and other jurisdictions experienced the largest decline in share prices since September 2001. These market fluctuations may adversely affect the price of ourshares and other interests in our company at a time when you want to sell your interest in us.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and do not anticipate paying any cashdividends on our shares. Accordingly, investors must be prepared to rely on sales of their shares after price appreciation to earn an investment return, which maynever occur. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our shares. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion ofour Board of Directors, and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable laws, and otherfactors our board deems relevant.Certain of our shareholders hold a significant percentage of our outstanding voting securities.Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, is the beneficial owner of approximately 37% of our outstanding voting securities. As a result, hepossesses significant influence and can elect a majority of our board of directors and authorize or prevent proposed significant corporate transactions. Hisownership and control may also have the effect of delaying or preventing a future change in control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other businesscombination or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer.Our outstanding warrants may adversely affect the market price of our shares of common stock.There are currently 393,836 warrants outstanding. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50. The sale orpossibility of sale of the shares underlying the warrants could have an adverse effect on the market price for our shares of common stock or our ability to obtainfuture financing. If and to the extent these warrants are exercised, you may experience dilution to your holdings.You will not be able to exercise your redeemable warrants if we do not have an effective registration statement and a prospectus in place when you desire to doso.No redeemable warrants will be exercisable, and we will not be obligated to issue shares of common stock upon exercise of redeemable warrants by a holder unless,at the time of such exercise, we have a registration statement or posteffective amendment under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuableupon the exercise of the redeemable warrants and a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Under the terms of a redeemable warrant agreementbetween American Stock Transfer & Trust Company as warrant agent, and us, we have agreed to use our best efforts to have a registration statement in effectcovering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants from the date the redeemable warrants become exercisable and to maintain acurrent prospectus relating to shares of common stock until the redeemable warrants expire or are redeemed, and to take such action as is necessary to qualify theshares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants for sale in those states in which the IPO was initially qualified. However, we cannotassure you that we will be able to do so. We may be unable to have a registration statement in effect covering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of theredeemable warrants or to maintain a current prospectus relating to such shares of common stock if, for example, we lack the current financial statements necessaryto be included in such registration statement or prospectus. We have no obligation to settle the redeemable warrants for cash, in any event, and the redeemablewarrants may not be exercised and we will not deliver securities therefor in the absence of an effective registration statement and a prospectus available for use. Theredeemable warrants may be deprived of any value, the market for the redeemable warrants may be limited if there is no registration statement in effect covering theshares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the redeemable warrants or the prospectus relating to the shares of common stock issuable upon the exerciseof the redeemable warrants is not current and the redeemable warrants may expire worthless. If you are unable to exercise or sell your redeemable warrants, you willhave paid the full unit price for only the shares of common stock underlying the units.22Table of ContentsHolders of warrants included in the placement units may exercise these warrants even if an effective registration statement and a prospectus is not in place,which means they may be able to exercise such warrants while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.Unlike the warrants underlying the units issued in connection with our IPO, the warrants included in the placement units will not be restricted from being exercisedin the absence of a registration statement under the Securities Act in effect covering the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the such warrantsand a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Therefore, the holders thereof will be able to exercise such warrants regardless of whether the issuanceof the underlying shares of common stock is registered under the Securities Act, while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.We are a “foreign private issuer” and have disclosure obligations that are different than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. Therefore, you should notexpect to receive the same information about us as a U.S. domestic reporting company may provide. Furthermore, if we or lose our status as a foreign privateissuer, we would be required to fully comply with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers and incur significantoperational, administrative, legal, and accounting costs that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer.We are a foreign private issuer. As a result, we are not subject to certain of the requirements imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the SEC. For example, we arenot required by the SEC or the federal securities laws to issue quarterly reports or file proxy statements with the SEC. We are also allowed to file our annual reportwith the SEC within four months of our fiscal year end. We are also not required to disclose certain detailed information regarding executive compensation that isrequired from U.S. domestic issuers. Further, our directors and executive officers are not required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Securities Act. Asa foreign private issuer, we are also exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups ofinvestors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. We are, however, still subject to the antifraud and antimanipulation rules ofthe SEC, such as Rule 10b5. Since many of the disclosure obligations required of us as a foreign private issuer are different than those required by U.S. domesticreporting companies, our shareholders should not expect to receive all of the same types of information about us and at the same time as information is receivedfrom, or provided by, U.S. domestic reporting companies. We are liable for violations of the rules and regulations of the SEC, which do apply to us as a foreignprivate issuer. Violations of these rules could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain NASDAQ corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. Thismay afford less protection to holders of our securities.We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. As a foreign private issuer,we are permitted to follow the governance practices of our home country, the Republic of the Marshall Islands in lieu of certain corporate governance requirementsof Nasdaq. As result, the standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not requiredto:●have a compensation committee and a nominating committee to be comprised solely of “independent directors; and●hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the Company’s fiscal yearend.As a result, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.Future sales or perceived sales of our shares of common stock could depress our stock price.As of the date of this report, we have 2,591,299 shares of common stock outstanding. Many of these shares will become eligible for sale in the public market, subjectto limitations imposed by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. If the holders of these shares were to attempt to sell a substantial amount of their holdings at once, themarket price of our common stock could decline. Moreover, the perceived risk of this potential dilution could cause shareholders to attempt to sell their shares andinvestors to short the common stock, a practice in which an investor sells shares that he or she does not own at prevailing market prices, hoping to purchase shareslater at a lower price to cover the sale. As each of these events would cause the number of shares of our common stock being offered for sale to increase, ourcommon stock market price would likely further decline. All of these events could combine to make it very difficult for us to sell equity or equityrelated securities inthe future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.23Table of ContentsHolders of our securities may face difficulties in protecting their interests because we are incorporated under the Republic of the Marshall Islands law.We are a company incorporated under the laws of the Marshall Islands, and almost all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, majority of ourdirectors and officers, and their assets, are located outside of the United States. As a result, you may have difficulty serving legal process within the United Statesupon us or any of these persons. You may also have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside the United States, judgments you may obtain in U.S. courts against usor these persons in any action, including actions based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal or state securities laws. You may also have difficultybringing an original action in the appropriate court of the Marshall Islands to enforce liabilities against us or any person based upon the U.S. federal securities laws.Provisions of our articles of incorporation may impede a takeover or make it more difficult for shareholders to change the direction or management of theCompany, which could reduce shareholders’ opportunity to influence management of the Company.Our articles of incorporation permit our board of directors to issue up to five million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 from time to time, with suchrights and preferences as they consider appropriate. These terms may include voting rights including the right to vote as a series on particular matters, preferencesas to dividends and liquidation, conversion rights and redemption rights provisions. The issuance of any preferred stock could reduce the value of our commonstock. In addition, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell assets to, a third party. Theability of the board of directors to issue preferred stock could make it more difficult, delay, discourage, prevent or make it more costly to acquire or effect a changeincontrol, which in turn could prevent shareholders from recognizing a gain in the event that a favorable offer is extended and could materially and negatively affectthe market price of our common stock.ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANYA.History and Development of the CompanyWe are a Republic of the Marshall Islands Company incorporated under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BDA”) on January 26, 2012. We wereoriginally organized under the name “Aquasition Corp.” for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, orsimilar acquisition transaction, one or more operating businesses or assets. The address of the Company’s principal executive office is Xingfengge Building,Baogaiyupu Industrial Park, Shishi City, Fujian Province of china.On March 24, 2014, we entered into a share exchange agreement and plan of liquidation (the “Exchange Agreement”), with KBS International, Hongri International, athen wholly owned subsidiary of KBS International and Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, each an individual and shareholder of KBS International (each, a“Principal Stockholder”). The Exchange Agreement was subsequently amended on June 21, 2014. The transactions contemplated in the Exchange Agreement (the“Share Exchange”) were closed on August 1, 2014. At the closing, we acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interest in Hongri International from KBSInternational. In exchange, we issued an aggregate of 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company to KBS International. In addition, on July 29, 2014, wecompleted a tender offer related to the Share Exchange and redeemed the 332,116 shares of common stock validly tendered and not withdrawn. Pursuant to theExchange Agreement, KBS International was liquidated and dissolved in August 2014 and the 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company were distributed toeach shareholder of KBS International according to their respective ownership of KBS International. As a result, following the consummation of the Share Exchange,we had a total of 1,694,489 shares of common stock outstanding.24Table of ContentsOn October 31, 2014, we held a special shareholder meeting and amended our Articles of Incorporation to change our name to KBS Fashion Group Limited.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.On March 29, 2016, we granted an aggregate of 73,334 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their past services in 2015 and future services to be provided in 2016.On July 10, 2017, we granted an aggregate of 215,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company as compensationsfor their services.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their services.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 registered shares of common stock pursuant to our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to our executive officers,directors and certain employees as compensations for their services.On March 29, 2019, our board of directors approved the issuance of 15,000 shares of common stock to our Investor Relationship firm as compensation for theirservices. The issuance of the shares was made in reliance on the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), for theoffer and sale of securities not involving a public offering, and Regulation S promulgated thereunder. None of the shares have been registered under the Act andneither may be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.25Table of ContentsCorporate StructureAll of our business operations are conducted through our PRC subsidiaries. The chart below presents our corporate structure as of the date of this report. The Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regardingissuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.Our web site address is http://www.kbsfashion.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of thisAnnual Report.Principal Capital Expenditures and DivestituresFor the year ended December 31, 2018, our total capital expenditures and divestitures were $nil. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, our total capitalexpenditures and divestitures were $849,199 and $45,445, respectively. Such expenditures were primarily used construction of production facility and purchasing fireprotection facility. Our operating cash flow mainly funded these capital expenditures.B.Business OverviewWe are a leading casual menswear company in China with a demonstrated track record of designing, marketing, and selling our own line of fashion menswear. Ourproducts include men’s apparel, footwear and accessories, primarily targeting urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 in the Tier II and Tier III cities in China.Tier II cities generally refer to major cities located in each province of China other than the capital city of such province. Tier III cities generally refer to countylevelcities in China. Tier III cities that we focus on are the national top 100 county cities identified by the State Statistics Bureau of China each year. These cities arecharacterized by higher GDP, higher disposable income, better education and better infrastructure as compared with other countylevel cities.26Table of ContentsOur apparel products include outerwear, knitwear, denim, tops, bottoms, accessories and footwear. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products,each year with a different theme to highlight the current trends in menswear for the season.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by the company and 40 franchised stores operated by 14 third party distributors or their subdistributors. The number of stores has grown from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017and 2016, sales through our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues respectively, and sales through distributors and whole sellersaccounted for 73%, 66.5% and 78% of our revenues, respectively. Total revenue from corporate stores sales for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $7.0million for 2017 and $5.53 million for 2016.From 2009 through 2018, total net sales decreased from $28.1 million to $18.53 million while the net profit decreased from $9.0 million to a net loss of $8 million.Our Competitive StrengthsWe believe that the following competitive strengths enable us to compete effectively in and capitalize on the growing casual menswear industry in China.●There is a sizable market for our products. We believe that we have a sizeable potential market. Our target customers are male middleclass consumers inthe 2040 age range. According to the national census in 2018, the population in China between 1659 yearsold was approximately 900 million. Our targetgroup falls into this category and is estimated to be more than 200 million people. As a result of the growing affluence in the PRC and increased purchasingpower of the PRC population, we believe that PRC consumers are becoming more willing and able to purchase casual menswear. In addition, we believe thatthe purchasing decision of PRC consumers is becoming more predicated upon brand image, product design and style, rather than just price considerations.With rising affluence and improvement in lifestyle, we also believe the overall Chinese population is generally growing more brand name conscious andstyle oriented and has shown a propensity for increased spending on casual menswear.●We have a strong focus on design and product development. We believe that our inhouse design and product development capabilities allow us to createunique products that appeal to our customers. We have established a strong inhouse design and product development team of 20 employees as of April26, 2019. Our team identifies new fashion trends by attending fashion shows and exhibitions as well as by drawing from creative ideas in magazines andother media. Each spring and fall, we carefully plan and create a new product line for our fall/winter and spring/summer collections of 727 SKU thatencompasses our full range of product offerings, including outerwear, tops, bottoms and accessories. We introduce new design elements into our productlines each season. With our highly skilled and creative team of designers, we have extensive experience in creating unique designs to meet the preferencesand needs of our target customer base.●Our trademarked brand has earned a following in China. Our brand was developed in 2006. Our marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design andmade for Chinese.” Our customers are middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range. We believe that their products’ concept, marketing, design andpackaging fully match with the prowestern attitude and life styles of their target customers. We believe the KBS brand is essential to our success topenetrate to the casual menswear market in China.●We have an extensive and wellmanaged nationwide distribution network. We have an extensive distribution network throughout China. As of December31, 2018, we had 1 KBS branded corporate stores and 32 franchised stores across 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. TheKBS branded corporate stores are required to sell only our products. We have been building up our selected distributor network since 2007. As ofDecember 31, 2018, we had 11 distributors operating 32 franchised stores. All of our distributors have been working with us from 1 to 10 years. We selectour distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry, sales channels, business resources, brand promotioncapabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. Our distributors help us respond to changing consumer tastes in a timelymanner by providing regular feedback on our products at our semiannual sales fairs and frequent communications. The financial resources of ourdistributors allow us to expand our retail network with less working capital investment from us than would be required for establishing direct stores, as ourdistributors are responsible for the store rentals and cost of inventory in their stores. We sold a substantial amount of our products through ourdistributors, which have allowed us to distribute our products to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge ofour distributors and their sub distributors. We believe that our distribution network has enabled us to expand our business and increase our salesefficiently and with less operational risk. This model has also minimized our operational risk because we typically start production after we receive ordersfrom our distributors. We believe that using a distribution network to sell a substantial amount of our KBS products has enabled us to devote ourresources to our core competitive strengths of design, brand management and product development.27Table of Contents●We have an experienced management team. Our management team has extensive R&D, marketing and financial experience, led by our Chief ExecutiveOfficer, Mr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has over 27 years of experience in the apparel industry and also has developed a differentiated product by internationalcooperation with a Korean designer. After working in the garment industry for more than 16 years, Mr. Yan acquired and developed the KBS brand. Withhis strong understanding of the apparel industry, Mr. Yan has successfully established this brand name in the market. We are committed to attract andretain top management level executives who we believe are and will continue to be the driving force behind our product development and growth.Our Growth StrategyWe intend to further strengthen our market position in the casual menswear market in China by implementing the following strategies:●We plan to expand our online business and purchase one or more online sales platforms or online stores. Together with the change in consumer trends,online sales is now the most important sales channel in Chinese market and is becoming increasingly important globally. Sales from our stores anddistributors have been steadily decreasing, and we are now in the process of identifying the best possible ways to establish and expand our onlinebusiness. We plan to research and purchase one or more online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that KBS will have better opportunities toexpand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores in year 2019, and the management of KBS will keep on exploring other areas and businessmodels, such as the use of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends. We consider that ourpolicy to expand our outreach using new technologies will add significant shareholder value.●We plan to expand our OEM sales by attracting more reputable and longterm clients. We just had the renewal of a framework sales contract with twomajor current customers: Hangzhou Zhi Yin Apparel Clothes Co., Ltd and Hangzhou Yiyuan Apparel Co., Ltd. These two sales contracts are expected togenerate approximately RMB 28 million in total, of which RMB 20 million relates to Hangzhou Ziyin of new 450,000 orders and RMB 8 million relates toHangzhou Yiyuan of new 160,000 orders for this year. We are also expanding our OEM business and to get more clients, especially to focus on onlineproviders, as they have expanded their market share over the past years quickly together with the change in Chinese consumer’s preferences and occupy alarge market share. By the time when we start executing the orders, we expect that we can have sustainable and increasing business.●We plan to invest in a Greece Based Private Smart Tech Apparel Company. We signed a letter of intent with Tribe, one of the most innovative smartclothing technology companies internationally. If the transaction is consummated, we conceive that this investment will enhance and expand significantlyour client network and products offering. The smart clothing market is expected to surpass the 2 trillion US dollars in size in 2019 and we believe we are wellpositioned to capture a part of this market in the wider region.28Table of Contents●We plan to continue to raise the profile of the KBS brand through enhanced advertising and promotional activities. We believe that the strongassociation of KBS brand with our concept of “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese” has helped drive our brand positioning and customers’receptivity to our products. We intend to further build our brand and deliver a consistent brand image from product design to sales and marketing. We seekto promote and enhance our presence in China’s casual menswear market by continuing to adopt proactive marketing strategies and produce high quality,well designed casual menswear for our target market. In particular, we aim to increase awareness of our brand through: (1) multichannel advertisingstrategies through national television, fashion magazines, billboards and other media channels; (2) further assisting our distributors’ regional advertisingefforts; (3) distinctive store and product launch campaigns, including special events for new product launches and largescale grand opening events fornew stores, particularly new corporate stores; (4) update of the decoration and layout of a number of existing stores which have been in operation for yearsto improve the shopping experience; (5) participation in fashion shows; and (6) sponsorships of selected highimpact events. We believe that theseadvertising and promotional activities will help to further strengthen brand awareness in our target market and enhance customer loyalty.●We plan to expand and build upon our design and product development capabilities. We intend to further strengthen our design and productdevelopment capabilities by accelerating the commercialization of design concepts, expanding our product offerings and continuing to develop what webelieve is unique casual menswear. We plan to further invest in design and product development and expand our design and product development team byattracting talented designers, either domestic or international, and training young graduates from leading fashion design institutes. We believe thatcombining western fashion design experience with our local designer’s understanding of the China market and aesthetic will enable us to create fashionableyet popular casual menswear for consumers in China. We also intend to cooperate with our suppliers to develop new materials and fabrics which we believewill give customers a unique fashion product and create new market opportunities. We believe that our focus on designing unique and quality casualmenswear will allow us to maintain our competitiveness and help to enhance our sales and overall profitability.●We plan to expand our production capacity to expand and diversify our product offerings. Our production facility is located in Taihu City, AnhuiProvince, China, consisting of total 110,557 square meters of land. Currently this facility has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per yearand can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famous sportswear producers, some successful onlinebrand stores and fulfill some overseas orders. The construction of our facility commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases: Phase 1 consists of theconstruction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We have completed theconstruction of facilities for Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Although we have the designed capacity of 5 million pieces yearly, the facilitycurrently may only produce 2 million pieces per year. Phase 3 construction has been delayed because the local government needs additional time toconclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 canbe continued. Phase 4 will include production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quarters and livingfacilities. Upon completion, the new facility is expected to have a production capacity of 20 million pieces and accommodate 5,000 workers. Please see“Production” below for a more complete explanation of our plans for the expansion of our production capacity. We anticipate that the new productionfacility will allow us to further refine our existing product lines by offering more styles within our existing apparel and accessories categories and tointroduce additional, complementary apparel and accessories categories into our product line. We currently introduce 500 to 900 different styles ofproducts each year and intend to increase the number of our product offerings in the future.●We plan to expand our international market and attract more orders from overseas. Starting from year 2016, we have been awarded international OEMorders for producing clothes with overseas brands. Such orders are usually large and continuous. Due to the completion of phase 2 construction of ourAnhui factory, we have enough production capacity to take on large orders. The current utilization rate of the Anhui factory is still quite low and we expectto invest more in attracting more large orders from overseas.The KBS BrandWe are engaged in a highly competitive industry in which brand image and recognition is critical to attracting customers to purchase our products. We haveadopted KBS as a uniform brand name and image for all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. The KBS brand was created byMs. Qinghua Ye in 2006 and registered with the trademark administration authority in 2008. Subsequently, Ms. Ye assigned the KBS trademark to Hongri PRC in2008. In 2009, Hongri PRC transferred this trademark to France Cock, which then licensed such trademark back to Hongri PRC. Based on our sharp rise in revenuesince 2006, we believe that the KBS brand has gained a following in the casual menswear market in the cities where our products are sold.29Table of ContentsTo promote our brand, we have developed and implemented brand management policies in all of our corporate stores and franchised stores. Our brand managementpolicies set out detailed requirements for store decorations and display of products. This enables us to project a consistent brand image. In addition, each season,our design and product development team develops display concepts, including the presentation of our collections in the stores and the color schemes for thebackdrops. We also work closely with our distributors to supervise the daily operations of franchised stores through unscheduled visits to ensure that our brandmanagement policies are properly followed.We may suspend the supply of our products or terminate distribution agreements in the event that any of our distributors or their subdistributors consistently failsto comply with our brand management policies.Our ProductsOur apparel products include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, socks and caps. In 2018, thesuggested retail prices of our products ranged from RMB 15 to RMB1,599 (approximately $2 to $237) for our apparel products and RMB178 to RMB1599(approximately $26 to $236) for our accessory products. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products, each year with a different theme tohighlight the current trends in menswear for the season.Our DesignWe believe one of our key strengths is our internal design and product development team, which designs products that reinforce our brand image. Major parts ofour products are designed by our internal design and product development team with the collaboration of Korean designers. As of December 31, 2018, our designand product development team consisted of 20 members, including one senior designer with over five years of working experience. Final design concepts areapproved by Mr. Keyan Yan, who has more than 27 years of experience in the industry. All of the other designers are graduates of professional design schools inChina. We believe that our design and product development team is innovative and passionate and that the individual experience of each of our designers helpsbring new and exciting products to our customers. Our design and product development team conceptualizes each season’s collections through an interactiveprocess, taking into account our brand strategy, product image and market feedback, drawing inspirations from domestic and international fashion trends andcollaborating with both our suppliers and distributors to finetune our designs. In particular, we collaborate with our suppliers to develop a variety of materials andfabrics for our products. We also involve distributors in our product selection process to take advantage of their market intelligence, which helps us to adapt toconstantly changing customer preferences in local markets. Our designers also attend various domestic and international fashion shows to keep abreast of the latestfashion trends.Starting from year 2015, design of our products comes from three channels. In addition to designing products by our inhouse staff, we outsource to certainreputable designers. From time to time, our ODMs also will directly sell their designed products to us.In a typical year, we design and make around 1,500 prototypes. After the initial product selection, internal cost analysis of approved prototypes and final selectionby distributors at the sales fairs, we eventually select approximately 750 designs for mass production. Final design of all of our products will be approved by ourChairman, Mr. Yan.Our Distribution NetworkWe have established a nationwide distribution network consisting of corporate stores and franchised stores covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrallyadministered municipalities.Corporate StoresAs of December 31, 2018, we owned and operated 1 corporate store with the floor area of approximately 120 square meters. As part of our corporate strategy, weclosed 17 corporate stores in last two years because of the low profitability of certain corporate stores. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, salesthrough our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues, respectively.30Table of ContentsWe directly own and operate our corporate store. This direct control enables us to have closer relationship with our ultimate customers and better understanding ofmarket trends and consumer preferences. Required capital for opening of each store depends on the location and area of the designated store. On average, therenovation cost per store is around $67,000 and the first year of rent payment is around $140,000 including premium paid to the previous owner. Rental period variesfrom two to five years. The total capital required to open a new store is generally around $207,000 per store. Once negotiation of rent is concluded, it takes one totwo months to open up a store. We usually open up stores right before a peak season, such as labor holiday in May, National holiday in October and Chinese NewYear in January/February. On average, new stores break even after one to three months of operation.We currently have one standard designs for our corporate stores located in Fujian Province. They were considered as flagship stores for our distributors’ reference.Because in year 2016 and 2015 we closed some corporate stores, the inventories of these stores were cleared through promotion exhibitions we held in the thirdtiercities at lower prices.For corporate stores opened in second tier cities, we normally have a higher aesthetic standard compared with corporate stores in third and fourth tier cities. Wegenerally locate our corporate stores at street level to access high pedestrian flow. Normally, we will sell inseason stock in our secondtier city corporate stores. Oursecondtier city corporate stores are also designed to showcase our marketability to potential distributors so as to induce them to join our distributorship. For storesopened in the third and fourth tier cities, we normally sell some of our slowmoving or offseason stock at a discount due to our awareness of the generally lesseramount of disposable income available to residents of these cities. During certain times of the year, such as the New Year, Chinese New Year and Labor Day, we willorganize promotional discounts together with our franchised stores to attract more customers and increase our stock turnover.Franchised StoresWe sell a substantial amount of our products to our franchised distributors who in turn sell them to retail customers through KBS branded retail stores operated byour distributors or their subdistributors. Since 2013, we have also been selling products to 3 provincial distributors without their own stores, or the nostoredistributors, on a trial basis. We do not have any ownership in, or controlling relationship with, these franchised stores, but we have entered into distributionagreements with them in the Company’s standard form, pursuant to which we require distributors and their subdistributors to sell only KBS products in thesestores. Distributors are responsible for selecting and ordering products from us and overseeing the sales in the stores operated by them and their subdistributors.By selling directly to our distributors, we can recognize revenues upon delivery to our distributors and delegate the distribution responsibilities to our distributors.This allows us to distribute our merchandise to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge of our distributors and theirsubdistributors. This also minimizes our inventory and sales risks while allowing us to allocate our resources to our core competitive strengths of design, brandmanagement and product development. We believe that our cooperation with distributors has enabled us to expand our business and accelerate our sales growth atmuch lower costs and operational risk and achieve brand recognition throughout China.We have been building up our selected franchised distributor network since 2007. As of December 31, 2018, we had 11 franchised distributors who operated 32 retailstores directly or through their subdistributors, all of which were standalone stores, which were typically located in commercial centers, including departmentstores or shopping malls, in their cities. All these distributors have worked with us for about 1 to 8 years. We have not encountered any material dispute or financialdifficulty with our key distributors. The average floor area of each retail store was approximately 78 square meters as of December 2018. The number of retail storeshas grown significantly in recent years from 7 as of December 31, 2006, with the aggregate floor area increasing from 560 square meters as of December 31, 2006 to2,635 square meters as of December 31, 2018. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, sales through our distributors accounted for 73%, 63.3% and78% of our revenues, respectively. 31Table of ContentsDuring each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we had no customer exceeding 10% of our net sales.Sales generated by our five bestperforming franchised distributors accounted for approximately 29.3%, 23.8% and 28.3% of our revenues in the years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Those top distributors have been with us since 2007 or 2008 and have grown organically with us. At the same time,we are exploring more distributors in other regions including relatively small distributors to grow with their businesses. Although we rely on distributors for thesales and marketing of our products, we believe our business is not substantially dependent on any individual distributor.We are highly selective in appointing distributors. We select our distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry,sales channels, business resources, brand promotion capabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. We maintain good relationshipswith many regional or local distributor candidates which we identify through our internal research and external referrals but only appoint a handful of them tobecome our distributors. We evaluate the relevant experience of the distributor candidates in operating retail stores, their financial condition and sources of fundingrequired for the establishment of a regional distribution network and their ability to develop a network of retail stores in the designated distribution region of a givendistributor before we make any appointment.Once appointed, each distributor must enter into a distribution agreement with us. We do not own any interest in any of our distributors, their subdistributors orthe retail stores they operate. The distribution agreements we typically enter into with distributors do not allow us to be involved in the daily operating, financing orother activities of the distributors, except that distributors need to comply with our brand management policies and pricing and store management guidelines. Keyterms of our standard distribution agreement include:●Product Exclusivity. Our distributors are required to sell only our products at KBS branded retail outlets managed by them or authorized retailers.●Geographic Coverage. Distributors are granted exclusive rights to distribute our products (directly and indirectly through their subdistributors) in theretail stores within the specified geographic area with no overlapping of distributors within our distribution network. However, we retain the right to operatedirect stores anywhere regardless of whether we have appointed distributors there.●Duration. The distribution agreements generally have an initial term of one year and are renewable at our discretion after taking into account factors suchas compliance with our brand management policies and sales performance.●Distributor Pricing. Distributors agree to order our products at a discount from our suggested retail prices. The discounted wholesale prices todistributors are classified into the following three categories: provincial distributor at a discount of 35% of retail price, district distributor is 30% of retailprice and the wholesale distributor is 25% of retail price.●Minimum Purchase Requirement. Each of our distributors is customarily expected to purchase a minimum amount of our products for each trade fair heldbiannually according to their present and expected distribution network. The minimum is typically RMB800,000 (approximately $110,000) for each store.●Payment and Delivery. Normally, we expect distributors to pay us RMB0.5 million (approximately $74,000) to RMB1 million (approximately $148,148) as adeposit upon placing an order. Upon delivery of the orders, we will deduct amounts on deposit from the purchase price. For new and small districtdistributors, we normally require them to pay the balance before the delivery of its products. We may also accept payment on credit terms to the extentrequested by distributors experiencing working capital difficulties or encouraging them to order more. The amount and duration of credit granted to eachdistributor will depend on its financial position and creditworthiness. We handle the arrangements for delivery of our products, but the distributors arenormally expected to bear the related costs and expenses.32Table of Contents●Return of Products. We will only accept product returns from distributors for quality reasons and only if the distributors followed our standard proceduresin processing the returned products. So far, we have not experienced any product returns due to expressed quality reasons.●Retail Pricing. Other than at times when we launch promotional campaigns or adjust our strategies, distributors must adopt, and are required to procuretheir subdistributors to adopt, our suggested retail prices for products. Distributors must obtain our consent before launching any distributor specificspecial offers.●Brand Management. Distributors must comply with our brand management policies and store management guidelines. We may impose penalties, forfeitureof deposit, suspend supply of products and terminate the agreement in the event of any breach of such policies.●Termination. We may generally terminate the distribution agreements and seek indemnification in the event of breach by distributors. In the event of sometypes of breach, we may not terminate the agreement but have other remedies. For example, if a distributor fails to order all products provided for under thedistributorship agreement, we may instead impose forfeiture of deposit or withhold certain benefits.When opening new retail stores, our distributors conduct research on the market potential of the proposed retail sites, after which they will provide us with anapplication for opening a new retail store. In reviewing applications, we consider factors including the store location, store layout, available area, marketopportunities, competitors and estimated sales. We conduct selected onsite investigations to verify applications filed by our distributors. Our retail stores aregenerally located in convenient retail locations in their respective cities and thus benefit from high volumes of pedestrian traffic.Effective monitoring of distributors and their retail stores is critical to our success. We have a team in our marketing, sales and distribution department to monitorour distributors’ and their subdistributors’ performance, who conduct onsite inspections of selected retail stores each quarter without prior notice to ensurecompliance with our store management guidelines. According to the results of our inspections, we, from time to time, make suggestions to our distributors withrespect to the opening or closure of their retail stores. Distributors also need to submit to us their annual/ semiannual plans to estimate their orders for the nextseason and their plan to improve the performance of existing retail stores or expand by opening new retail stores. This reporting system enables us to access uptodate sales projections of our distributors and their subdistributors, which reflects the overall level of retail sales of our products. It also provides us with theexpansion plan of each distributor which helps us prepare our overall development plan in a more accurate manner.We invite our distributors, as well as a select number of their subdistributors and retail store managers, to attend our sales fairs, which are held twice a year. Duringthe sales fairs, we discuss with our distributors and their subdistributors the upcoming product line. Apart from participating in two sales fairs each year, ourdistributors visit us from time to time and contact us as necessary, which allows us to have access to updated market information. We also provide training fordistributors and their subdistributors in the areas of sales techniques, customer service and product knowledge, typically prior to the launch of our new collectionseach year. We believe that these investments help to improve the operations of the sales network and provide additional valueadded services to retain ourdistributors and their subdistributors.The following table lists by region the number of retail stores operated by distributors and subdistributors as of December 31, 2018:LocationAs ofDecember 31,2018Fujian6Guangdong2Guangxi3Jiangsu4Anhui2Chongqing4Tianjin3Hebei4Sichuan4Total3233Table of ContentsPricing PolicyWe sell our products to our distributors at uniform discounts from our suggested retail prices. We have a suggested retail price policy that applies to all our storesto help maintain brand image, ensure consistent pricing levels from region to region and prevent price competition among our distributors. In determining our pricingstrategies, we take into account market supply and demand, production cost and the prices of our competitors’ similar products. Our sales representatives collectand record the retail prices of our products sold by our retailers. We analyze the information collected and engage in discussions with our distributors to ensure thatthey follow our pricing policy. See “Franchised Stores” above.ProductionOriginally located in Shishi City in Fujian Province and started production in 2006, our production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China.The facility currently has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famoussportswear producers. Our production facility was operating at full capacity between 2009 and 2012. In 2014, we produced about 0.39 million units at the operatingcapacity of 19.5%; while in 2015,we produced about 0.48 million units at the operating capacity of 24%. In 2016, we produced about 0.54 million units at the operatingcapacity of 27%.In 2017 and 2018, we produced about 0.30 million and 0.49 million units at the operating capacity of 15% and 25%. Since 2011, we have been negotiating with the local government to acquire land use rights for our current facility consisting of 110,557 square meters. We obtaineda portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square meters and 2,440 square meters in March 2012 and May 2012, respectively, and have finishedthe construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factoryin year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with localresidents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. While we cannot guaranteewhen and whether the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land will be eventually completed, we believe we will be in a better position toschedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Once completed, our total production capacity of the facility isexpected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.All of the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers bear the brand name KBS. As of December 31, 2018, we had 3 ODM contractmanufacturers and 3 OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had 3 and 6 OEM contract manufacturers, respectively. Oursourcing strategy is based upon the quality of fabrics and workmanship that our customers expect from the KBS brand. The costs of our outsourced productionamounted to approximately $8.38 million, $10.94 million and$26.1 million for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, accounting forapproximately 27.3%, 31% and 66.8% of our total cost of sales in the respective periods.As of December 31, 2018, our principal ODM and OEM contract suppliers included the following:No.1Bai Tian Ni (Fujian) Clothing fabric Co. Ltd2Shishi Hua Lai Shi Clothing Co. Ltd3Jinjiang City Hongtawanheng trading Co. Ltd4Fujian Gumaite Clothing Technology Co. Ltd5Shishi Rongpeng Clothing Co. Ltd6Hubei Mingyuan Clothing Co. LtdWe are not materially reliant on any single ODM or OEM contract supplier.34Table of ContentsInventory ManagementWe recognize that controlling the level of inventory is important to our overall operational efficiency and cost control. Based on the purchase orders our distributorsand the department store chains place at our biannual sales fairs, we are able to anticipate the demand for our products in advance and plan ahead for our ownmanufacturing and the orders we will be required to place with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We generally plan purchases of raw materials and placemanufacturing orders with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers immediately after each of our two seasonal sales fairs, usually in May for our autumn andwinter products and in October for our spring and summer products, where we confirm sales orders with our distributors and department store chains. This enablesus and our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to have sufficient time, ranging from two to eight weeks, to produce the products and provide our productssuitable for a specific season to our distributors and department store chains on a justintime basis so as to minimize our inventory levels. The alternative way tocontrol cost is when if we have chance to buy materials which the price is much lower than market price, we will buy it in advance and give to OEM contractmanufactures use our material to produce.Quality ControlProduct quality control is a critical aspect of our business. Our dedicated quality control team performs various quality inspection and testing procedures, includingrandom sample testing at different stages of our production process, to ensure that our products meet or exceed the expectations of our consumers. We also performroutine product inspections on every batch of our products and sample testing to ensure consistent quality of our products, including semifinished and finishedproducts.We have implemented a centralized system for procurement and inspection of raw materials and ancillary components to help ensure a stable and high qualitysupply. Those materials and components that fail to meet our tests may be returned to the suppliers for replacement. Our quality control team also carries out qualitycontrol procedures on the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We conduct onsite inspections of our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers before we enter into business relationships with them. We also send our inhouse quality control staff onsite to our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers to monitor the entire production process. The initial product inspections are performed onsite by our staff before these products are shipped to ourheadquarters for further inspection and storage in our warehouse. We also provide technical training to ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to assist them withquality control of the production processes and inspect preproduction samples and finished products from ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We have notencountered any material disruptions to our business as a result of the failure of any of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to meet our quality standards.In order to further improve the quality of our products and shorten our delivery cycle, we intend to increase our control over the manufacturing process andproduction cycle of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers, primarily by requiring our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to implement stricter and morecomprehensive quality control procedures, which cover each stage of the production process, from raw material selection and procurement to finished productspackaging and delivery. We also intend to apply more stringent standards for inspecting products manufactured for us by our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers.Marketing and AdvertisingWe have conducted multichannel marketing campaigns to advertise our products to our target customers through advertising in newspapers, magazines, theInternet, and billboards, and organizing regular and frequent instore marketing activities and road shows.We have implemented strict requirements on our distributors with respect to the display and promotion of our products to ensure consistent branding and enhancemarketing results. Our distributors are required to ensure that our marketing strategies are implemented at the retail outlets managed or authorized by them, includingdisplaying our products according to our specifications and using our billboard advertisements. We also assign sales representatives to monitor the instoredisplays of our products at various retail outlets on a regular basis to help ensure that our retailers have followed our product display policies.In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 our total advertising and promotional expenses amounted to approximately $1.21 million, $1.59 million and $1.55million, respectively, which accounted for approximately 6.6%, 7.5% and 3.8% of our revenues in the respective periods.35Table of ContentsCompetitionThe menswear industry in China is a fragmented industry. Competition mainly comes from local market players such as Exceed, Xiniya, Zuoan and Cabbeen. Webelieves that we differentiate ourselves by providing more fashionable, youngerlooking and leisure products, and competitive pricing without giving up the casualfeel of our products.We compete primarily on the basis of product design, brand recognition, operational efficiency and a low cost structure. Some of our domestic competitors have astronger customer base, greater resources and more industry expertise than us. However, we believe that we can continue to successfully compete with our localcompetitors due to our unique product designs.Intellectual PropertyWe currently have the licenses to use two registered trademarks in the PRC.The registered trademarks on which we have licenses are the following:TrademarkRegistration No.Valid TermKBS4342760Jan 1, 2019 August 28, 2028Ka bi sports5462336March 14, 2010 March 12,2020We believe that these trademarks provide significant value as they are important for marketing and building brand recognition. We are not aware of any third partycurrently using trademarks similar to our trademarks in the PRC on the same products.InsuranceWe do not have any business liability, interruption or litigation insurance coverage for our operations in China. Insurance companies in China offer limited businessinsurance products. While business interruption insurance is available to a limited extent in China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of suchinsurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance.Therefore, we are subject to business and product liability exposure. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—We have limited insurance coverage inChina and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses.”RegulationBecause our primary operating subsidiaries are located in China, we are subject to China’s national and local laws detailed below. We believe that we are in materialcompliance with all registrations and requirements for the issuance and maintenance of all licenses required by the governing bodies and that all license fees andfilings are current. This section summarizes the major PRC regulations relating to our business.Regulations Relating to Foreign InvestmentInvestment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are mainly governed by the Guidance Catalog of Industries for Foreign Investment (2017 revision), or theCatalog, which was promulgated jointly by MOFCOM and the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, on June 28, 2017 and entered into forceon July 28, 2017. The Catalog divides industries into four categories in terms of foreign investment, which are “encouraged,” “restricted,” and “prohibited,” and allindustries that are not listed under one of these categories are deemed to be “permitted.” Establishment of wholly foreignowned enterprises is generally allowed inencouraged and permitted industries. Some restricted industries are limited to equity or contractual joint ventures, while in some cases Chinese partners are requiredto hold the majority interests in such joint ventures. In addition, foreign investment in restricted category projects is subject to government approvals. Foreigninvestors are not allowed to invest in industries in the prohibited category. Industries not listed in the Catalogue are generally open to foreign investment unlessspecifically restricted by other PRC regulations.36Table of ContentsIn June 2018, MOFCOM and NDRC promulgated the Special Management Measures (Negative List) for the Access of Foreign Investment, or the Negative List,effective July 2018. The Negative List expands the scope of permitted industries by foreign investment by reducing the number of industries that fall within theNegative List where restrictions on the shareholding percentage or requirements on the composition of board or senior management still exists. Foreign investmentin valueadded telecommunications services (except for ecommerce) falls within the Negative List.In October 2016, MOFCOM issued the Interim Measures for Recordfiling Administration of the Establishment and Change of Foreigninvested Enterprises, or FIERecordfiling Interim Measures, most recently amended in July 2017. Pursuant to FIE Recordfiling Interim Measures, the establishment and change of foreigninvested enterprises are subject to recordfiling procedures, instead of prior approval requirements, provided that such establishment or change does not involvespecial entry administration measures. If the establishment or change of foreigninvested enterprises matters involve the special entry administration measures, theapproval of the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterparts is still required.Regulations Relating to Product QualityThe principal legal provisions governing product liability are set forth in the PRC Product Quality Law, which was promulgated in February 1993 by the SCNPC andamended in July 2000 and August 2009.The PRC Product Quality Law stipulates the responsibilities and obligations of product sellers and producers. Violations of the PRC Product Quality Law may resultin the imposition of fines. In addition, the seller or producer may be ordered to suspend its operations, and its business license may be revoked. There may also bePART IPART IIPART III20F 1 f20f2018_kbsfashiongroup.htm FORM 20FUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F(Mark One)☐REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ___________ to ___________OR¨SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report:Commission file number: 00135715KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)Not Applicable(Translation of Registrant’s Name Into English)Republic of the Marshall Islands(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)Xin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of China(Address of Principal Executive Offices)Mr. Keyan Yan, Chief Executive OfficerXin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of ChinaTel: + (86) 595 8889 6198Fax: (86) 595 8850 5328(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of Each ClassName of Each Exchange On Which RegisteredCommon Stock, $0.0001 par valueNASDAQ Capital MarketSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.Units, Common Stock Purchase Warrants(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.None(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report(December 31, 2018): 2,271,299Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐No ☒If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of“large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large Accelerated Filer ☐Accelerated Filer ☐NonAccelerated Filer ☒Emerging Growth Company☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting StandardsCodification after April 5, 2012.Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:U.S. GAAP ☐International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting StandardsBoard ☒Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ☐ Item17 ☐Item 18If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒Annual Report on Form 20FYear Ended December 31, 2018TABLE OF CONTENTSPageITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS2A.Directors and Senior Management2B.Advisors2C.Auditors2ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE2A.Offer Statistics2B.Method and Expected Timetable2ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATION2A.Selected Financial Data2B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY24A.History and Development of the Company24B.Business Overview26C.Organizational Structure42D.Property, Plants and Equipment43ITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS44ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS44A.Principal Factors Affecting Financial Performance45B.Liquidity and Capital Resources50C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.51D.Trend Information51E.Off Balance Sheet Arrangements51F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations52G.Safe Harbor62ITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES63A.Directors and Senior Management63B.Compensation64C.Board Practices65D.Employees66E.Share Ownership66ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS67A.Major Shareholders67B.Related Party Transactions67C.Interests of Experts and Counsel67iTable of ContentsITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATION67A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information67B.Significant Changes68ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTING68A.Offer and Listing Details68B.Plan of Distribution68C.Markets68D.Selling Shareholders68E.Dilution68F.Expenses of the Issue68ITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATION69A.Share Capital69B.Memorandum and Articles of Association69C.Material Contracts71D.Exchange Controls71E.Taxation74F.Dividends and Paying Agents79G.Statement by Experts79H.Documents on Display79I.Subsidiary Information79ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK79ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES80A.Debt Securities80B.Warrants and Rights80C.Other Securities80D.American Depositary Shares80ITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES81ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS81ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES81A.Disclosure Controls and Procedures81B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting81C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm81D.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting82ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT82ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICS82ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES82ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES82ITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS83ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT83ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCE83ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE83ITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 19.EXHIBITS84iiTable of ContentsINTRODUCTORY NOTESUse of Certain Defined TermsExcept as otherwise indicated by the context and for the purposes of this report only, references in this report to:●“KBS,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” are to KBS Fashion Group Ltd., a company organized in the Republic of the Marshall Islands;●““KBS International,” refers to KBS International Holding Inc., a Nevada corporation, which was dissolved in August 2014;●“Hongri PRC,” refers to Hongri (Fujian) Sports Goods Co., Ltd., which is our wholly owned subsidiary organized in the PRC;●“Hongri International” are to Hongri International Holdings Limited, which is our wholly owned subsidiary and a company organized in the BVI;●“BVI” are to the British Virgin Islands;●“Hong Kong” are to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China;●“PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China;●“SEC” are to the Securities and Exchange Commission;●“Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;●“Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;●“Renminbi” and “RMB” are to the legal currency of China; and●“U.S. dollars,” “dollars” and “$” are to the legal currency of the United States.ForwardLooking InformationIn addition to historical information, this report contains forwardlooking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of theExchange Act. We use words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “target,” “plan,” “optimistic,” “intend,” “aim,” “will” or similar expressions whichare intended to identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, among others, those concerning market and industry segment growth and demandand acceptance of new and existing products; any projections of sales, earnings, revenue, margins or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategiesand objectives of management for future operations; and any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, as well as all assumptions,expectations, predictions, intentions or beliefs about future events. You are cautioned that any such forwardlooking statements are not guarantees of futureperformance and involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions, which, if they were to ever materialize or prove incorrect, could cause the results of theCompany to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forwardlooking statements. Potential risks and uncertainties include, among other things, thepossibility that we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues and profits due to our failure to anticipate consumer preferences and develop newmenswear products, our failure to execute our business expansion plan, changes in domestic and foreign laws, regulations and taxes, changes in economicconditions, uncertainties related to China’s legal system and economic, political and social events in China, a general economic downturn, a downturn in thesecurities markets, and other risks and uncertainties which are generally set forth under Item 3 “Key information—D. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and our other filings with the SEC. These reports attempt toadvise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects. The forwardlookingstatements made in this report speak only as of the date hereof and we disclaim any obligation, except as required by law, to provide updates, revisions oramendments to any forwardlooking statements to reflect changes in our expectations or future events.On February 3, 2017, approved by the shareholders, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen (1for15) reverse stock split of the Company’s issued andoutstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided that shareholders are entitled to receive the number ofshares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Stock Market on a splitadjusted basis when themarket opened on February 9, 2017. All references in this report to share and per share data have been adjusted, including historical data which have beenretroactively adjusted, to give effect to the reverse stock split unless specified otherwise.1Table of ContentsPART IITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERSA.Directors and Senior ManagementNot applicable.B.AdvisorsNot applicable.C.AuditorsNot applicable.ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLEA.Offer StatisticsNot applicable.B.Method and Expected TimetableNot applicable.ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATIONA.Selected Financial DataThe following table presents selected financial data regarding our business. It should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and relatednotes contained elsewhere in this annual report and the information under Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” The selected consolidatedstatements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, and the selected consolidated statements of financialposition data as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are included in this annual reportbeginning on page F1. The selected consolidated statements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the selectedconsolidated statements of financial position data as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements thatare not included in this annual report.Our consolidated financial statements were prepared and presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by theInternational Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The selected financial data information is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the historicalconsolidated financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere herein. The financial statements contained elsewhere fully represent our financial conditionand operations; however, they are not indicative of our future performance.2Table of ContentsYears ended December 31,20182017201620152014Statement of Income DataTotal revenue$18,535,116$23,762,536$41,200,205$61,343,681$58,832,481Total cost of sales(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)(46,511,274)(39,416,973)Gross profit(2,316,136)(11,511,816)2,158,27214,832,40719,415,508Distribution and selling expenses(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)(6,621,256)(7,191,606)Administrative expenses(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)2,798,082(4,649,229)Profit for the year(17,968,597)(14,815,596)(11,902,688)1,243,6706,876,982Total comprehensive income for the year(20,040,295)(10,004,880)(18,028,121)(4,801,102)6,526,172Outstanding shares2,299,9151,860,8311,750,1421,694,4891,694,489Earnings per share, basic diluted8.067.966.800.734.06Balance Sheet DataCash and cash equivalents$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,341$21,214,080$20,604,583Noncurrent assets29,837,87540,966,31934,754,94247,221,52952,929,386Current assets31,328,13140,343,38656,343,82362,098,95162,093,570Working capital24,463,44633,060,87748,647,18553,598,85452,704,076Total assets61,166,00681,309,70591,098,765109,310,480115,022,956Current liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,500,0979,389,493Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,503,5069,404,880Equity54,301,32174,027,19683,402,127100,816,974105,618,076B.Capitalization and IndebtednessNot applicable.C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of ProceedsNot applicable.D.Risk FactorsAn investment in our capital stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the otherinformation included in this annual report, before making an investment decision. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial conditionor results of operations could suffer. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.3Table of ContentsRISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSGeneral economic conditions, including a prolonged weakness in the economy, may affect consumer discretionary spending, which could adversely affect ourbusiness and financial performance.The apparel industry has historically been subject to substantial cyclical variations. Our business and financial performance are dependent on a number of factorsimpacting consumer discretionary spending, including general economic and business conditions; consumer confidence; wages and employment levels; thehousing market; consumer debt levels; availability of consumer credit; credit and interest rates; fuel and energy costs; energy shortages; taxes; general politicalconditions, both domestic and abroad. Consumer product purchases, including purchases of our products, may decline during recessionary periods. Our ability toaccess the capital markets may be restricted at a time when we would like, or need, to raise capital, which could impair on our ability to open additional stores orbuild additional manufacturing lines. In addition, as domestic and international economic conditions change, trends in consumer spending on discretionary items,including our merchandise, become unpredictable and subject to reductions due to economic uncertainties. A prolonged economic recovery or an uncertain outlookin the economy could result in additional declines in consumer discretionary spending, which could materially affect our financial performance.A contraction in apparel sales and production could impair our results of operations and liquidity and jeopardize our supply base.Apparel sales and production are cyclical and depend, among other things, on general economic conditions and consumer spending and preferences. As thevolume of apparel production fluctuates, the demand for our products also fluctuates. A contraction in apparel sales could harm our results of operations andliquidity. In addition, our suppliers would also be subject to many of the same consequences which could pressure their results of operations and liquidity.Depending on an individual supplier’s financial condition and access to capital, its viability could be challenged which could impact its ability to perform as weexpect and consequently our ability to meet our own commitments.If we are unable to anticipate consumer preferences and develop new menswear products, we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues andprofits.Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define apparel trends as well as to anticipate, gauge and react to changing consumer demands formenswear in a timely manner. Our target market of consumers comprises urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 with moderatetohigh levels of disposableincome. Our business is particularly sensitive to their fashion preferences, which cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumeracceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, and our future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes. If we failto anticipate accurately and respond to trends and shifts in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing product offerings, developing new products,designs, styles and categories, we could experience lower sales, excess inventories and lower profit margins. In a distressed economic and retail environment, manyof our competitors may engage in aggressive activities, such as markdowns or other promotional sales to dispose of excess, slowmoving inventory, furtherincreasing the need to react appropriately to changing consumer preferences and fashion trends. Failure to do so could adversely affect the level of acceptance ofour products, our brand image and our relationship with our distributors, and therefore have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results ofoperations.The apparel industry is highly competitive, and if we fail to compete effectively, we could lose our market position.The menswear industry is highly competitive in China and worldwide. We compete with various domestic brands with similar business models and target markets.We also compete with a growing number of international brands trying to expand their market share in China to take advantage of rising consumer spending oncasual menswear. Our primary international and domestic competitors include Exceed, Xiniya, Cabbeen, GXG and NQ. Some of our competitors are significantlylarger and have greater financial resources than we do. In order to compete effectively, we must: (1) maintain the image of our brands and our reputation forinnovation and high quality; (2) be flexible and innovative in responding to rapidly changing market demands on the basis of brand image, style, performance andquality; and (3) offer consumers a wide variety of high quality products at competitive prices.4Table of ContentsThe purchasing decisions of consumers are highly subjective and can be influenced by many factors, such as brand image, marketing programs and productfeatures. Some of our competitors enjoy competitive advantages, including greater brand recognition and greater financial resources for competitive activities, suchas sales, marketing and strategic acquisitions. The number of our direct competitors and the intensity of competition may increase as we expand into other productlines or as other companies expand into our product lines. Our competitors may enter into business combinations or alliances that strengthen their competitivepositions or prevent us from taking advantage of such combinations or alliances. Our competitors also may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than wecan to new or changing opportunities, standards or consumer preferences. Our results of operations and market position may be adversely impacted by ourcompetitors and the competitive pressures in the menswear industries.Failure to effectively promote or develop our brand could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.We sell all our products under the KBS brand, from which we derive most of our revenues. Brand image is an important factor that affects a customer’s purchasingdecision for menswear products. Our success therefore depends on, among other things, market recognition and acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture,lifestyle, and images associated with the brand, some of which may not be within our control. We have limited control over our distributors that we rely upon to sellour products, which may limit our ability to ensure a consistent brand image. See “Risks Factors Related to Our Business –We have limited control over the ultimateretail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhere to, or fail to cause the third party retail outletoperators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.” We began designing, promoting, and selling KBS branded products in China in 2006. To effectivelypromote KBS brand, we need build and maintain the brand image by focusing on a variety of promotional and marketing activities to promote brand awareness, aswell as to increase its presence in the markets in which we compete. There is no assurance that we will be able to effectively promote or develop KBS brand, and ifwe fail to do so, the goodwill of KBS brand may be undermined and our business as well as our financial results may be adversely affected. In addition, negativepublicity or disputes regarding KBS brand, products, company, or management could materially and adversely affect public perception of KBS brand. Any impact onour ability to continue to sell KBS brand or any significant damage to KBS brand’s image could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends on the continued service of our senior executives and other key employees. In particular, we rely on the expertise, experience,and business contacts, of Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ms. Lixia Tu, our Director and Chief Financial Officer and Mr. ThemisKalapotharakos, our director. If one or more of our senior executives are unable or unwilling to continue to work for us in their present positions, we may have tospend a considerable amount of time and resources searching, recruiting, and integrating the replacements into our operations, which would substantially divertmanagement’s attention from and severely disrupt the Company business. This may also adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategy. Moreover, ifany of our senior executives joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, suppliers and key employees.Failure to execute our business expansion plan could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.A large part of our initial growth resulted from an increase in the number of our retail sales outlets, including corporate and franchised stores, and the increased salesvolume and profitability provided by these sales outlets. The number of our sales outlets increased from 8 in 2006 to 33 in year 2018.5Table of ContentsWe have our factory located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China, consisting of an aggregate of 110,457 square meters of land. Currently the facility there has aproduction capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year and can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces original equipmentmanufacturer (OEM) products for online stores, regional apparel brands and overseas orders. The construction commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases:Phase 1 consists of the construction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We havecompleted the construction of facilities of Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Phase 3 construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has beendelayed because the local government needs additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Because the time forthe government to resolve this matter is uncertain, we wrote off the land use right of the third parcel of land from account balance, according to the internationalframework reporting standard. Phase 4 includes building production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quartersand living facilities on the third parcel of land. As a result, our commitments to this facility may reduce our liquidity for an indefinite period and until it is completed.We could also indefinitely lose opportunities to expand our sales due to any further delay of our construction.The decision to increase our production capacity was based in part on our projections of market demand for our products and OEM orders from other brand nameowners. If actual customer demand does not meet our projections, we will likely suffer overcapacity problems and may have to leave capacity idle or need to contractout our facilities at an unfavorable price, which may reduce our overall profitability and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our futuresuccess depends on our ability to expand the Company’s business to address growth in demand for our current and future products.Our ability to expand the Company’s business is subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including:●the unavailability of additional funding to invest more in brand recognition such as advertisement, expand our production capacity, purchase additionalfixed assets and purchase raw materials on favorable terms or at all;●our inability to manage an online shop, hire qualified personnel and establish distribution methods;●conditions in the commercial real estate market existing at the time we seek to expand;●delays and cost overruns as a result of a number of factors, many of which may be beyond our control, such as problems with equipment vendors andcontract manufacturers;●failure to maintain high quality control standards;●shortage of raw materials;●our inability to obtain, or delays in obtaining, required approvals by relevant government authorities;●diversion of significant management attention and other resources; and●failure to execute our expansion plan effectively.The expansion of our business may place significant strain on our personnel, management, financial systems and operational infrastructure and may impede ourability to meet any increased demand for our products. To accommodate the Company’s growth, we will need to implement a variety of new and upgradedoperational and financial systems, procedures, and controls, including improvements to our accounting and other internal management systems, by dedicatingadditional resources to our reporting and accounting function and improvements to our record keeping and contract tracking system. We will also need to recruitmore personnel and train and manage our growing employee base. Furthermore, we will need to maintain and expand relationships with our current and futurecustomers, suppliers, distributors and other third parties, and there is no guarantee that we will succeed.In the future, we also intend to invest more resources to research and purchase online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that we will have betteropportunities to expand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores. In addition, we will keep on exploring other areas and business models, such as theuse of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends.If we encounter any of the risks described above or if we are otherwise unable to establish or successfully operate online shops or additional production capacity,we may be unable to grow our business and revenues, reduce our operating costs, maintain our competitiveness or improve our profitability and, consequently, ourbusiness, financial condition, results of operations and prospects will be adversely affected.6Table of ContentsIf we are unable to fund capital expenditures or obtain additional sources of liquidity when we need it, our business may be adversely affected. In addition, ifwe obtain equity financing, the issuance of our equity securities could cause dilution for our stockholders. To the extent we obtain the financing through theissuance of debt securities, our debt service obligations could increase, and we may become subject to restrictive operating and financial covenants.We anticipate that we will make substantial capital investments to expand our business within the next 3 years. There is no assurance that we will have sufficientcash to fund our anticipated capital expenditures. If we need but are unable to obtain adequate financing with on terms favorable to us, we may be unable tosuccessfully maintain our operations and accomplish our growth strategy. In addition, we may be unable to generate sufficient cash internally or obtain alternativesources of capital to fund our proposed capital expenditures, take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures. As a result, we mayseek to sell additional equity securities, debt securities, or borrow from lending institutions. Any issuance of equity securities could cause dilution for ourstockholders. Any incurrence of indebtedness could increase our debt service obligations and cause us to be subject to restrictive operating and financecovenants. Our ability to obtain external financing in the future is also subject to a number of uncertainties, including:●Our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;●general market conditions for financing activities by companies in our industry;●economic, political and other conditions in China and elsewhere; and●uncertain economic prospect and tightened credit markets resulting from the recent global economic slowdown and financial market crisis.If we are unable to obtain funding in a timely manner or on commercially acceptable terms, or at all, our growth prospects and future profitability may be materiallyadversely affected. Adverse changes in the capital markets could make it difficult to obtain capital or obtain it at attractive rates.Our past results may not be indicative of our future performance and evaluating our business and prospects may be difficult.Our business has gone through various stages of the business life cycle in recent years as demonstrated by our growth in net sales, which reached $99.6 million forthe year ended December 31, 2013, while in 2014 our net sales decreased by 40% to $58.8 million and in year 2015 net sales went up slightly by 4.3% to $61.3 million,our net sales decreased by 32.8% to $41.2 million in 2016, net sales decreased 42% to $23.8 million in 2017 and net sales further decreased 22% to $18.53 million in2018. The decrease in sales in 2016, 2017 and 2018 as compared with 2013 was mainly due to the slowdown of the Chinese economic growth and a challenging retailenvironment. As a result, we cannot assure that we will be able to achieve similar growth in future periods as recent years before 2014, and our historical operatingresults may not provide a meaningful basis for evaluating our business, financial performance and prospects. Moreover, our ability to achieve satisfactoryproduction results at higher volumes is unproven. Therefore, you should not rely on our past results or our historical rate of growth as an indication of our futureperformance.We experience fluctuations in operating results.Our annual and quarterly operating results have fluctuated, and are expected to continue to fluctuate. Among the factors that may cause our operating results tofluctuate are customers’ response to merchandise offerings, the timing of the rollout of new sales outlets, seasonal variations in sales, the timing of merchandisereceipts, the level of merchandise returns, changes in merchandise mix and presentation, our cost of merchandise, unanticipated operating costs, and other factorsbeyond our control, such as general economic conditions and actions of competitors.We have historically experienced seasonal fluctuations in our sales. A substantial portion of our revenues are typically earned during the second and fourthquarters and we generally experience lowest revenues during the first and third quarters. If sales during the second and fourth quarters are lower than expected, ouroperating results would be adversely affected, and it would have a disproportionately large impact on our annual operating results. The sales of our products arealso affected by local spending behavior, which are typically affected by seasonal shopping patterns during major Chinese holidays.7Table of ContentsAs a result of these factors, we believe that periodtoperiod comparisons of historical and future results will not necessarily be meaningful and should not be reliedon as an indication of future performance.Our failure to collect the trade receivables or untimely collection could affect our liquidity.Our distributors place advance purchase orders twice a year. From 2015 to 2018, we typically expect and receive payment within 30180 days of product delivery. Inaddition, approximately 83.2% of accounts receivables are within a 180 days credit term. Starting in September 2015, we extended credit to some of our customers to150180 days without requiring collaterals. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of the financial condition of our customers and we generally require no collateralfrom our distributors and authorized retailers to secure their payment obligations. However, our sales going forward may rely more heavily on credit, and if weencounter future problems collecting amounts due from our clients or if we experience delays in the collection of amounts due from our clients, our liquidity could benegatively affected.The Chinese economy experienced a softening of economic growth, and the apparel industry is also facing a downturn. The impact of the current and possiblefuture economic downturn on our distributors cannot be predicted and may be severe, causing a significant impact on their business. As a result, our financialcondition and result of operations could be negatively affected. In addition, if they cannot continue their orders of our products due to the failure of paying us forits previous purchases, our brand image and reputation may be materially negatively affected as well.We rely on distributors for a substantial portion of our sales and the loss of any of our large distributors would harm our business. A substantial portion of our sales are made to distributors that resell our products. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, distributors accounted forapproximately 67% and 73% of our total sales, respectively, and our top five distributors accounted for approximately 23.8% and 34.8% of our total sales,respectively. The marketing efforts of our distributors are critical for our success. If we fail to attract additional distributors, and our existing distributors do notpromote our products at the same or at a greater level than the products of our competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could beadversely affected.Furthermore, there is no assurance that any of our distributors will satisfy the sales targets set forth in their distribution agreements and we or they may not wish torenew the distribution agreements in future years. Moreover, our distributors are not obliged to continue to place orders with the Company at the same level asbefore or at all and there is no assurance that we would be able to obtain orders from other distributors to replace any such lost sales on terms satisfactory to us orall. If any of our largest distributors substantially reduces its purchases from us, or otherwise fails to renew its distribution agreement with us, we may suffer asignificant loss of sales and our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We have limited control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhereto, or fail to cause the third party retail outlet operators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.We rely on the contractual obligations set forth in the distribution agreements that we enter into with our distributors, as well as policies and standards we formulatefrom time to time, to impose our retail policies on these distributors in respect of the franchisee retail outlets. In addition, as we do not enter into any agreementswith the third party retail outlet operators, we rely on our distributors to ensure that these franchisee retail outlets operate in accordance with our retail policies. Assuch, our control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and the franchisee retail outlet operators is limited. There is no assurance that our distributors orthe third party franchisee retail outlet operators will comply with, or that the distributors will enforce, our retail policies. As a result, we may not be able to effectivelymanage our sales network or maintain a uniform brand image, and cannot assure you that franchisee retail outlets would continue to offer quality services toconsumers.8Table of ContentsIn addition, if any of the distributors or third party franchisee retail outlet operators experiences difficulties in selling our products in the retail market, they mayattempt to disregard our pricing policies and liquidate their excessive inventory buildup through aggressive discounts, which may damage the image and the valueof our brand. There is no assurance that we will be able to, in a timely manner, impose penalties on or replace any distributors who consistently fail to comply with,or fail to cause the third party franchisee retail outlet operators appointed by them to comply with, our retail policies in their operation of franchisee retail outlets. Insuch event, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We may not be able to accurately track the inventory levels at our distributors, retailers or department store concessions.Our ability to track the sales by our distributors to thirdparty retailers and the ultimate retail sales by the retailers, and consequently their respective inventorylevels, is limited. We implement a policy to require our distributors to provide us with their sales reports on a weekly basis and we carry out random onsiteinspections of our distributors to track their inventories. The purpose of tracking the inventory level is mainly to gather information regarding the market acceptanceof our products so that we can reflect consumers’ preferences in the design and development of our products for the next season. The tracking of inventory levelalso helps us to understand the market recognition of our products in a particular region, and thus allows us to adjust our marketing strategy if necessary. Theimplementation of the policy, however, requires the distributors to accurately report the relevant data to us in a timely manner, which is largely dependent on thecooperation of the Company’s distributors. We may not always obtain the required data in time and the data provided to us by our distributors may be inaccurate orincomplete.Inaccurate, mistaken, incomplete or delayed data regarding inventory levels may mislead the Company to make wrong business judgments for its production,marketing efforts and sales strategies. If that happens, our operations and financial results may be materially adversely affected. In addition, if we cannot manageinventory levels properly, future orders of our products may be reduced, which would materially adversely affect our future business, financial condition, results ofoperation and prospects.Our operations could be materially adversely affected if we fail to effectively manage our relationships with, or lose the services of, our OEM contractmanufacturers.The production of our brand name products are 100% outsourced to PRCbased thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2018 and2017 we had 5 and 6 contract manufacturers, respectively. Purchases from our top five OEM contract manufacturers accounted for approximately 92% and 88.6% ofour total purchases for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As we do not enter into longterm contracts with our OEM contractmanufacturers, they may decide not to accept our future OEM orders on the same or similar terms, or at all. If an OEM contract manufacturer decides to substantiallyreduce its volume of supply to us or to terminate its business relationship with us, we may not be able to find a proper replacement in a timely manner and may beforced to default on the agreements with our distributors that sell our products. This may negatively impact our revenues and adversely affect our reputation andrelationships with our distributors that sell our products, causing a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.Further, if any of our OEM contract manufacturers fails to provide the required number of products meeting our quality standards, we may have to delay delivery ofproducts to our distributors, become unable to supply products at all, or even recall products previously dispatched. This could cause the Company to loserevenues or market share and damage our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operationsand prospects. In addition, some OEM contract manufacturers may not fully comply with certain laws, such as labor and environmental laws. If any of our OEMcontract manufacturers is found to have violated laws and regulations in the PRC, media reports on such violations may negatively affect our reputation and image,resulting in material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.9Table of ContentsWhile we provide the designs of our products to the OEM contract manufacturers, as well as guidance for manufacturing the products ordered by us, we do nothave direct control over the OEM contract manufacturers. If any of them is involved in unauthorized production and sale of goods using the KBS brand, ourreputation, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.As the Company grows, our reliance on OEM contract manufacturers may also grow as our added production capacity may not be sufficient to keep pace with theincreased production requirements driven by our growth. We may not be able to find sufficient additional OEM contract manufacturers to produce our products onthe same or similar terms as our existing OEM contract manufacturers, and we may not be able to achieve our growth and development goals.Any interruption in our operations could impair our financial performance and negatively affect our brand. Our operations are complicated and integrated, involving the coordination of thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers and external distribution processes. Whilethese operations are modified on a regular basis in an effort to improve outsourcing and distribution efficiency and flexibility, we may experience difficulties incoordinating the various aspects of our operations processes, thereby causing downtime and delays. In addition, we may encounter interruption in our operationsprocesses due to a catastrophic loss or events beyond our control, such as fires, explosions, labor disturbances or violent weather conditions. Any interruptions inour operations or capabilities at our facilities could result in our inability to procure our products, which would reduce our net sales and earnings for the affectedperiod. If there are delays in delivery times to our customers, our business and reputation could be severely affected. Any significant delays in deliveries to ourcustomers could lead to increased returns or cancellations and cause the Company to lose future sales. The Company currently does not have business interruptioninsurance to offset these potential losses, delays and risks so a material interruption of our business operations could severely damage our business.We rely heavily on our management information system for inventory management, distribution and other functions. If our system fail to perform thesefunctions adequately or if we experience an interruption in our operation, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. The efficient operation of our business is dependent on our management information systems. We rely heavily on our management information systems to manageour order entry, order fulfillment, pricing, pointofsale and inventory replenishment processes. We cannot assure you that our management information system will operate properly or without interruption. Any malfunction to any part or all of our managementinformation system for a prolonged period may cause delays in operations or impairment of our overall business efficiency. We also cannot ensure that the level ofsecurity currently maintained will be sufficient to protect the system from third party intrusions, viruses, lost or stolen data, or similar situations. Additionally, aspart of our growth and development strategy over the next few years, we plan to upgrade and improve our management information system. We cannot assure youthat there will be no interruptions to our management information system during the upgrades or that the new management information system will be able tointegrate fully with the existing information system. The failure of our management information system to perform as we anticipate could disrupt our business and could result in decreased revenue, increased overheadcosts and excess or outofstock inventory levels, causing our business and results of operations to suffer materially. Failure to protect the integrity, security and use of our customers’ information and media could expose us to litigation and materially damage our standingwith our customers. Increasing costs associated with information security — such as increased investment in technology, the costs of compliance with consumer protection laws andcosts resulting from consumer fraud — could cause our business and results of operations to suffer materially. While we have taken significant steps to protectcustomer and confidential information, including entering into confidentiality agreements with relevant employees and incorporate confidentiality clauses in ourpolicies, there can be no assurance that advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments will prevent thecompromise of our customer transaction processing capabilities and personal data. If any such compromise of our security were to occur, it could have a materialadverse effect on our reputation, operating results and financial condition. Any such compromise may materially increase the costs we incur to protect against suchinformation security breaches and could subject us to additional legal risk. Procurement specialists and managers are required to sign a confidentiality agreement. 10Table of ContentsWe have limited insurance coverage in China and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses. Operation of our facilities involves many risks, including equipment failures, natural disasters, industrial accidents, power outages, labor disturbances and otherbusiness interruptions. We do not carry any business interruption insurance, product recall or thirdparty liability insurance for our production facilities or withrespect to our products to cover claims pertaining to personal injury or property or environmental damage arising from defects in our products, product recalls,accidents on our property or damage relating to our operations. While business interruption insurance and other types of insurance are available to a limited extentin China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of such insurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commerciallyreasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Therefore, our existing insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all risks associatedwith our business. As a result, we may be required to pay for financial and other losses, damages and liabilities, including those caused by natural disasters andother events beyond our control, out of our own funds, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our inability to protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights may prevent us from successfully marketing our products and competingeffectively. We believe our trademarks and other intellectual property rights are important to our success and competitive position and recognize the importance of registeringthe trademarks related to our KBS brand for protection against infringement. We currently hold two registered trademarks. Failure to protect our intellectual propertycould harm our brand and our reputation, and adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. Further, enforcing or defending our intellectual property rights,including our trademarks, patents, copyrights and trade secrets, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. We produce, marketand sell our products under registered trademarks. We regard our intellectual property, particularly our trademarks and trade secrets to be of considerable value andimportance to our business and our success. We rely on a combination of trademark, patent, and trade secrecy laws, and contractual provisions to protect ourintellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect these proprietary rights will be adequate or that third parties will notinfringe or misappropriate our trademarks, trade secrets or similar proprietary rights. In addition, there can be no assurance that other parties will not assertinfringement claims against us, and we may have to pursue litigation against other parties to assert our rights. Any such claim or litigation could be costly, and wemay lack the resources required to defend against such claims. In addition, any event that would jeopardize our proprietary rights or any claims of infringement bythird parties could have a material adverse effect on our ability to market or sell our brands, and profitably exploit our products.Environmental regulations impose substantial costs and limitations on our operations. We use chemicals and produce significant emissions in our manufacturing operations. As such, we are subject to various national and local environmental laws andregulations in China concerning issues such as air emissions, wastewater discharges, and solid waste management and disposal. These laws and regulations canrestrict or limit our operations and expose us to liability and penalties for noncompliance. While we believe that our facilities are in material compliance with allapplicable environmental laws and regulations, the risks of substantial unanticipated costs and liabilities related to compliance with these laws and regulations arean inherent part of our business. It is possible that future conditions may develop, arise or be discovered that create new environmental compliance or remediationliabilities and costs. While we believe that we can comply with existing environmental legislation and regulatory requirements and that the costs of compliance havebeen included within budgeted cost estimates, compliance may prove to be more limiting and costly than anticipated.We may be unable to establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, and, as a result, we may be unable to accuratelyreport our financial results or prevent fraud.We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities law. The SEC as required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (“SOX 404”), adoptedrules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal control over financial reporting in its annual report, which mustalso contain management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, the independent registered publicaccounting firm auditing the financial statements of a company that is not a nonaccelerated filer under Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act must also attest to theoperating effectiveness of the company’s internal controls.11Table of ContentsFailure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could result in our inability to accurately report our financial results, prevent or detect fraudor provide timely and reliable financial and other information pursuant to the reporting obligations we have as a public company, which could have a materialadverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, it could cause our investors to lose confidence in the information we report,which could adversely affect our stock price.RISKS RELATED TO DOING BUSINESS IN CHINAOur business operation may be affected if we are forced to relocate our manufacturing facilities and stores.We leased the premises for our office located in Shishi and one corporate store. However, none of our lease agreements have been registered with the relevantgovernmental agencies. According to our PRC legal counsel, without registration, our rights to use and occupy the premises may not be secured if any third partiessuch as other tenants who have registered their lease agreements challenge us under PRC law. Moreover, while we have taken various measures to verify theownership of property such as checking utility bills and search government records, most of our landlords have declined to confirm whether they possess theproperty ownership certificates and land use rights certificates for our properties. As a result, we have been unable to verify whether third parties may assert theirownership rights under PRC law against most of our landlords or challenge most of our leases in the future. If our rights to use the premises are challenged, we maybe forced to relocate to other premises. We may not be able to relocate to a suitable premise promptly or lease alternative premises on terms at least as favorable asour existing ones. In addition, relocation costs and interruption of production may have a material adverse effect on our business operation and financialperformance.Changes in the economic and political policies of the PRC government could have a material and adverse effect on our business and operations.We conduct substantially all our business operations in China. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are significantly dependenton economic and political developments in China. China’s economy differs from the economies of developed countries in many aspects, including the level ofdevelopment, growth rate and degree of government control over foreign exchange and allocation of resources. While China’s economy has experienced significantgrowth in the past 30 years, the growth has been uneven across different regions and periods and among various economic sectors in China. We cannot assure youthat China’s economy will continue to grow, or that if there is growth, such growth will be steady and uniform, or that if there is a slowdown, such slowdown will nothave a negative effect on its business and results of operations.The PRC government exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, control over payment of foreign currencydenominated obligations, implementation of monetary policy, and preferential treatment of particular industries or companies. Certain measures adopted by the PRCgovernment may restrict loans to certain industries, such as changes in the statutory deposit reserve ratio and lending guidelines for commercial banks by thePeople’s Bank of China, or PBOC. These current and future government actions could materially affect our liquidity, access to capital, and ability to operate ourbusiness.The global financial markets experienced significant disruptions in 2008 and the United States, Europe and other economies went into recession. Since 2012, growthof the Chinese economy has slowed. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources.Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy but may also have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operation could bematerially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, any stimulusmeasures designed to boost the Chinese economy, may contribute to higher inflation, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.See “Risks Related to Doing Business in China Future inflation in China may inhibit our ability to conduct business in China.”12Table of ContentsUncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the legal protections available to you and us.We conduct substantially all of our business through our operating subsidiaries in the PRC. Our operating subsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulationsapplicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws applicable to foreigninvested enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes, andprior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, a series of new PRC laws and regulations have significantlyenhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, since the PRC legal system continues to evolve rapidly, theinterpretations of many laws, regulations, and rules are not always uniform, and enforcement of these laws, regulations, and rules involve uncertainties, which maylimit legal protections available to you and us. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources andmanagement attention. In addition, most of our executive officers and directors are residents of China and not of the United States, and substantially all the assets ofthese persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it could be difficult for investors to affect service of process in the United States or to enforce ajudgment obtained in the United States against our Chinese operations and subsidiaries.You may have difficulty enforcing judgments against us.Most of our assets are located outside of the United States and most of our current operations are conducted in the PRC. In addition, most of our directors andofficers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons is located outside the UnitedStates. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce inU.S. courts judgments on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, most of whom are not residents inthe United States and the substantial majority of whose assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts ofthe PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts. Our counsel as to PRC law has advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgmentsare provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. Courts in China may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRCCivil Procedures Law based on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have anytreaties or other arrangements that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments with the United States. In addition, according to thePRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violatesbasic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security, or the public interest. So, it is uncertain whether a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by acourt in the United States.The PRC government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities.The PRC government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and stateownership. Our ability to operate in China may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, import and export tariffs,environmental regulations, land use rights, property, and other matters. We believe that our operations in China are in material compliance with all applicable legaland regulatory requirements. However, the central or local governments of the jurisdictions in which we operate may impose new, stricter regulations orinterpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations orinterpretations.Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision not to continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more centrally plannedeconomy or regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant effect on economic conditions in China or particularregions thereof and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then hold in Chinese properties or joint venturesRestrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our sales effectively. The majority of our sales will be settled in RMB and U.S. dollars, and any future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit our ability to use revenue generated inRMB to fund any future business activities outside China or to make dividend or other payments in U.S. dollars. Although the Chinese government introducedregulations in 1996 to allow greater convertibility of the RMB for current account transactions, significant restrictions still remain, including primarily the restrictionthat foreigninvested enterprises may only buy, sell or remit foreign currencies after providing valid commercial documents, at those banks in China authorized toconduct foreign exchange business. In addition, conversion of RMB for capital account items, including direct investment and loans, is subject to governmentalapproval in China, and companies are required to open and maintain separate foreign exchange accounts for capital account items. We cannot be certain that theChinese regulatory authorities will not impose more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of the RMB in the future.13Table of ContentsFluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.The value of our securities will be indirectly affected by the foreign exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and RMB and between those currencies and othercurrencies in which our sales may be denominated. Appreciation or depreciation in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial resultsreported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations. Fluctuations in the exchange rate will alsoaffect the relative value of any dividend we issue that will be exchanged into U.S. dollars, as well as earnings from, and the value of, any U.S. dollardenominatedinvestments we make in the future.Since July 2005, the RMB has no longer been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Since then the RMB has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly andunpredictably, and in recent years the RMB has depreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progresstowards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate systemand there is no guarantee that the RMB will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how marketforces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future.Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedgingtransactions. While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited, and we may not beable to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition, our foreign currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrictour ability to convert RMB into foreign currencies. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends and other distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you, and otherwise fund and conduct our business. Substantially all of our sales are earned by our PRC subsidiaries. However, PRC regulations restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make dividends and otherpayments to their offshore parent companies. PRC legal restrictions permit payments of dividends by our PRC subsidiaries only out of their accumulated aftertaxprofits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are also required under PRC laws and regulations toallocate at least 10% of their annual aftertax profits determined in accordance with PRC GAAP to a statutory general reserve fund until the amounts in said fundreaches 50% of their registered capital. Allocations to these statutory reserve funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not transferable to us in the formof loans, advances, or cash dividends. Any limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to transfer funds to us could materially and adversely limit our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends and otherwise fund and conduct our business.PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary toliability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital ordistribute profits.SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing andRoundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as “SAFECircular 75” promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of the SAFE in connection with theirdirect establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets orequity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a “special purpose vehicle.” SAFE Circular 37 furtherrequires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capitalcontributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in aspecial purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profitdistributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent crossborder foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted inits ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described abovecould result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for theForeign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015 by SAFE, local banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration foroverseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under SAFE Circular 37 from June 1, 2015.14Table of ContentsAccording to SAFE Circular 37, our shareholders or beneficial owners, who are PRC residents, are subject to SAFE Circular 37 or other foreign exchangeadministrative regulations in respect of their investment in our company. We have notified substantial beneficial owners of ordinary shares who we know are PRCresidents of their filing obligations. Nevertheless, we may not be aware of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. We do not havecontrol over our beneficial owners and there can be no assurance that all of our PRCresident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE Circular 37 and subsequentimplementation rules, and there is no assurance that the registration under SAFE Circular 37 and any amendment will be completed in a timely manner, or will becompleted at all. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their foreign exchange registrations in a timely manner pursuant toSAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with theregistration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to fines andlegal sanctions. Such failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiary and limitour PRC subsidiary’s ability to distribute dividends to our company. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and resultsof operations.Furthermore, SAFE Circular 37 is unclear how this regulation, and any future regulation concerning offshore or crossborder transactions, will be interpreted,amended and implemented by the relevant PRC government authorities, and we cannot predict how these regulations will affect our business operations or futurestrategy. Failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRCsubsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to us. These risks could in the future have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results ofoperations.We may be unable to complete a business combination transaction efficiently or on favorable terms due to complicated merger and acquisition regulationswhich became effective on September 8, 2006.On August 9, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the China Securities Regulatory Commission, promulgated the Regulation on Mergers and Acquisitionsof Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006, and was subsequently amended in 2009. This regulation, among otherthings, governs the approval process of a PRC company’s participation in an acquisition of assets or equity interests. Depending on the structure of the transaction,the regulation requires the PRC parties to make a series of applications and supplemental applications to the government agencies for approval of acquisition ofassets or equity interests from other entity. In some instances, the application process may require a presentation of economic data concerning the transaction,including appraisals of the target business and evaluations of the acquirer, which are designed to allow the government to assess viability of the transaction.Government approvals will have expiration dates, by which a transaction must be completed and reported to the government agencies. Compliance with theregulation is likely to be more time consuming and expensive than it was in the past, and provides the government more controls over business combination of twoenterprises. As a result, our ability to engage in business combination transactions has become significantly more complicated, time consuming, and expensive. Wemay not be able to negotiate a transaction that is acceptable to our stockholders or sufficiently protect their interests in a transaction.The regulation allows PRC governmental agencies to assess the economic terms of a business combination transaction. Parties to a business combinationtransaction may have to submit to MOFCOM and other relevant government agencies an appraisal report, an evaluation report, and the acquisition agreement, all ofwhich were a part of the application for approval, depending on the structure of the transaction. The regulation also prohibits a transaction with an acquisition priceobviously lower than the appraised value of the PRC business or assets and in certain transaction structures, and requires consideration being paid within a definedperiod, generally not in excess of a year. The regulation also limits our ability to negotiate various terms of the acquisition, including the initial consideration,contingent consideration, holdback provisions, indemnification provisions, and provisions related to the assumption and allocation of assets and liabilities.Transaction structures involving trusts, nominees and similar entities are prohibited. Therefore, such regulation may impede our ability to negotiate and complete abusiness combination transaction on financial terms that satisfy our investors and protect our stockholders’ economic interests.15Table of ContentsPRC regulation of loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion mayrestrict or prevent us from using the proceeds of our future financings to make loans to our PRC subsidiaries, or to make additional capital contributions toour PRC subsidiary.We, as an offshore holding company, are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC subsidiary, which are treated as foreigninvestedenterprises under PRC laws, through loans or capital contributions. However, loans by us to any PRC subsidiary to finance its activities cannot exceed statutorylimits and must be registered with the local counterpart of SAFE and capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary are subject to the requirement of making necessaryfilings in the Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System, and registration with other governmental authorities in China.SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital ofForeigninvested Enterprises, or Circular 19, effective on June 1, 2015, in replacement of the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvementof the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign Invested Enterprises, or Circular 142, the Notice from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Exchange Businesses, or Circular 59, and theCircular on Further Clarification and Regulation of the Issues Concerning the Administration of Certain Capital Account Foreign Exchange Businesses, orCircular 45. According to Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of a foreigninvestedcompany is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans, the repayment of interenterprise loans or the repayment ofbank loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of aforeign invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within the PRC, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFEwill permit such capital to be used for equity investments in the PRC in actual practice. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, whichreiterates some of the rules set forth in Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registeredcapital of a foreigninvested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to grant loans to nonassociated enterprises.Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. Circular 19 and Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer anyforeign currency we hold, including the net proceeds from our future financings, to our PRC subsidiary, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability tofund and expand our business in the PRC.Due to the restrictions imposed on loans in foreign currencies extended to any PRC domestic companies, we are not likely to make such loans to any of our PRCsubsidiaries. Meanwhile, we are not likely to finance the activities of our subsidiaries by means of capital contributions given the restrictions on foreign investmentin the businesses that are currently conducted by our subsidiaries.In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannotassure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, withrespect to future loans to our PRC subsidiary or any consolidated variable interest entity or future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiary. As a result,uncertainties exist as to our ability to provide prompt financial support to our PRC subsidiaries when needed. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain suchapprovals, our ability to use foreign currency, including the proceeds we received from our future financings, and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operationsmay be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.16Table of ContentsAny failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal oradministrative sanctions.Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas nonpubliclylisted companies may submit applications to SAFE orits local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. In the meantime, our directors, executive officers andother employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year, subject to limitedexceptions, and who have been granted restricted shares, options or restricted share units, or RSUs, by us or our overseas listed subsidiaries may follow the Noticeon Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company,issued by SAFE in February 2012, to apply for the foreign exchange registration. According to those regulations, employees, directors and other managementmembers participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC citizens residing in China for acontinuous period of not less than one year, subject to limited exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which may be aPRC subsidiary of the overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines andlegal sanctions and may also limit their ability to make payment under the relevant equity incentive plans or receive dividends or sales proceeds related thereto inforeign currencies, or our ability to contribute additional capital into our domestic subsidiaries in China and limit our domestic subsidiaries’ ability to distributedividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties under PRC law that could restrict our ability or the ability of our overseas listed subsidiaries to adoptadditional equity incentive plans for our directors and employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period ofnot less than one year, subject to limited exceptions.In addition, the State Administration of Taxation has issued circulars concerning employee share options, restricted shares or RSUs. Under these circulars,employees working in the PRC who exercise share options, or whose restricted shares or RSUs vest, will be subject to PRC individual income tax. The PRCsubsidiaries of an overseas listed company have obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authoritiesand to withhold individual income taxes of those employees related to their share options, restricted shares or RSUs. If the employees fail to pay, or the PRCsubsidiaries fail to withhold, their income taxes according to relevant laws, rules and regulations, the PRC subsidiaries may face sanctions imposed by the taxauthorities.Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a “resident enterprise” of China. Such classification will likely result in unfavorable taxconsequences to us and our nonPRC shareholders.On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress of China passed a new Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law. On November 28, 2007, the State Council ofChina passed its implementing rules, which took effect on January 1, 2008. Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto managementbodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise,” meaning that it can be treated in a manner similar to a Chinese enterprise for enterprise income taxpurposes. The implementing rules of the EIT Law define de facto management as “substantial and overall management and control over the production andoperations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise.On April 22, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice Concerning Relevant Issues Regarding Cognizance of Chinese Investment ControlledEnterprises Incorporated Offshore as Resident Enterprises. According to the Criteria of de facto Management Bodies, or the Notice, further interprets the applicationof the EIT Law and its implementation nonChinese enterprise or group controlled offshore entities. Pursuant to the Notice, an enterprise incorporated in an offshorejurisdiction and controlled by a Chinese enterprise or group will be classified as a “nondomestically incorporated resident enterprise” if (i) its senior management incharge of daily operations reside or perform their duties mainly in China; (ii) its financial or personnel decisions are made or approved by bodies or persons in China;(iii) its substantial assets and properties, accounting books, corporate chops, board and shareholder minutes are kept in China; and (iv) at least half of its directorswith voting rights or senior management often resident in China. A resident enterprise would be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on its worldwideincome and must pay a withholding tax at a rate of 10%, when paying dividends to its nonPRC shareholders. However, it remains unclear as to whether the Notice isapplicable to an offshore enterprise incorporated by a Chinese natural person, nor detailed measures on imposition of tax from nondomestically incorporatedresident enterprises are available. Therefore, it is unclear how tax authorities will determine tax residency based on the facts of each case.17Table of ContentsWe may be deemed to be a resident enterprise by Chinese tax authorities. If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for the PRCenterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on financingproceeds and nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although, under the EIT Law and its implementingrules, dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued a guidance with respect to the processingof outbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for the PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidanceissued with respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation, which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to ournonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC stockholders from transferring our shares.Our failure to fully comply with PRC laws relating to social insurance and housing accumulation fund may expose it to potential administrative penalties. The PRC laws and regulations require all employers in China to fully contribute their own portion to the social insurance and housing accumulation funds for theiremployees within a certain period of time. Failure to do so may expose the employers to make rectification for the unpaid contributions by the relevant laborauthority. As of the date of this report, Hongri PRC has not paid housing accumulation funds for its employees. In addition, Hongri PRC failed to make contributions to thesocial insurance in full amount for its employees before 2014. PRC governmental authorities may impose penalties on Hongri PRC for failure to comply. In addition, inthe event that any current or former employee files a complaint with the PRC government, Hongri PRC may be subject to making up the contributions to the socialinsurance and housing accumulation funds as well as paying administrative fines. The total cost of these contributions and any related fines or penalties could besignificant and could have a material adverse effect on our working capital. We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Chinese anticorruption laws, and any determination that we violated these lawscould have a material adverse effect on our business. We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act, or FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and theirofficials and political parties by U.S. persons and issuers as defined by the statute, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have operations,agreements with third parties, and make most of our sales in China. The PRC also strictly prohibits bribery of government officials. Our activities in China create therisk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company, even though they may not alwaysbe subject to our control. It is our policy to implement safeguards to discourage these practices by our employees. However, our existing safeguards and any futureimprovements may prove to be less than effective, and the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company may engage in conduct for whichwe might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA or Chinese anticorruption laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to otherliabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the U.S. government may seek to hold our Companyliable for successor liability FCPA violations committed by companies in which we invest or that we acquire. If we become directly subject to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.listed Chinese companies, we may have to expendsignificant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations, stock price and reputation, and could result in a loss ofyour investment in our stock, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favorably. In the past few years, U.S. publicly traded companies that have substantially all of their operations in China, particularly companies like us have been the subject ofintense scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators, and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism,and negative publicity has centered around financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, lacking effective internal controls over financial accounting,inadequate corporate governance policies or lacking of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, criticism, and negativepublicity, the publicly traded stocks of many U.S. listed Chinese companies have sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, have become virtually worthless.Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions, and are conducting internal and external investigations into theallegations. It is not clear the effect of this sectorwide scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity will have on our Company, our business, and our stock price. If webecome the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources toinvestigate such allegations defending our Company. This situation will be costly, time consuming, and distract our management from growing our company.18Table of ContentsThe disclosures in our reports and other filings with the SEC and our other public pronouncements will not be subject to the scrutiny of any regulatory bodiesin the PRC. Accordingly, our public disclosure should be reviewed in light of the fact that no governmental agency that is located in China where all of ouroperations and business are located have conducted any due diligence on our operations or reviewed or cleared any of our disclosure. Unlike public reporting companies whose operations are located primarily in the United States, however, all of our operations will be located in China. Since all of ouroperations and business takes place in China, it may be more difficult for the Staff of the SEC to overcome the geographic and cultural obstacles that are presentwhen reviewing our disclosure. These same obstacles are not present for similar companies whose operations or business take place entirely or primarily in theUnited States. Furthermore, our SEC reports and other disclosure and public pronouncements are not subject to the review or scrutiny of any PRC regulatoryauthority. For example, the disclosure in our SEC reports and other filings are not subject to the review of the CSRC, a PRC regulator that is tasked with oversight ofthe capital markets in China. Accordingly, you should review our SEC reports, filings and our other public pronouncements with the understanding that no localregulator has done any due diligence on our company and with the understanding that none of our SEC reports, other filings or any of our other publicpronouncements has been reviewed or otherwise been scrutinized by any local regulator. Proceedings instituted by the SEC against five PRCbased accounting firms could result in financial statements being determined to be not in compliance withthe requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.In December 2012, the SEC instituted proceedings under Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) of the SEC’s Rules of Practice against five PRCbased accounting firms alleging that thesefirms had violated U.S. securities laws and the SEC’s rules and regulations thereunder by failing to provide to the SEC the firms’ work papers related to their audits ofcertain PRCbased companies that are publicly traded in the United States. Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) grants to the SEC the authority to deny to any person, temporarily orpermanently, the ability to practice before the SEC who is found by the SEC, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, to have willfully violated, or willfully aidedand abetted the violation of, any such laws or rules and regulations. On January 22, 2014, an initial administrative law decision was issued, sanctioning four of theseaccounting firms and suspending them from practicing before the SEC for a period of six months. The sanction will not take effect until there is an order ofeffectiveness issued by the SEC. In February 2014, four of these PRCbased accounting firms filed a petition for review of the initial decision. In February 2015, eachof these four accounting firms agreed to a censure and to pay fine to the SEC to settle the dispute with the SEC. The settlement stays the current proceeding for fouryears, during which time the firms are required to follow detailed procedures to seek to provide the SEC with access to Chinese firms’ audit documents via the CSRC.If a firm does not follow the procedures, the SEC would impose penalties such as suspensions, or commence a new, expedited administrative proceeding against thenoncompliant firm or it could restart the administrative proceeding against all four firms.If our independent registered public accounting firm were denied, temporarily or permanently, the ability to practice before the SEC, and we are unable to find in atimely manner another registered public accounting firm which can audit and issue a report on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determinedto not be in compliance with the requirements for financial statements of public companies with a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the SEC’s revocation of the registration of our common stock under theExchange Act, which would cause the immediate delisting of our common stock from the NASDAQ Capital Market, and the effective termination of the tradingmarket for our common stock in the United States, which would likely have a significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.19Table of ContentsOur holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should we decide inthe future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depend upon the receipts of dividends or other payments fromour operating subsidiaries, other holdings, and investments. In addition, our operating subsidiaries, from time to time, may be subject to restrictions on their abilityto make distributions to us, including as a result of restrictive covenants in loan agreements, restrictions on the conversion of local currency into U.S. dollars orother hard currency, and other regulatory restrictions as discussed below. If future dividends are paid in RMB, fluctuations in the exchange rate for conversion ofRMB into U.S. dollars may reduce the amount received by the U.S. stockholders upon conversion of dividend payments into U.S. dollars.Chinese regulations currently permit the payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards andregulations. Our subsidiaries in China are also required to set aside a portion of their aftertax profits to fund certain reserve funds according to the Chineseaccounting standards and regulations. Currently, our subsidiaries in China are the only sources of revenues or investment holdings for the payment of dividends. Ifthey do not accumulate sufficient profits under Chinese accounting standards and regulations to satisfy certain reserve funds as required by the Chineseaccounting standards, we will be unable to pay any dividends.Aftertax profits/losses with respect to the payment of dividends from accumulated profits and the annual appropriation of aftertax profits as calculated pursuant tothe Chinese accounting standards and regulations do not result in significant differences as compared to aftertax earnings as presented in our financial statements.However, there are certain differences between PRC accounting standards and regulations and U.S. GAAP, arising from different treatment of items such asamortization of intangible assets and change in fair value of contingent consideration rising from business combinations.RISKS RELATED TO THIS OFFERING AND THE MARKET FOR OUR SECURITIES GENERALLYIf we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of NASDAQ, we would face possible delisting, which would result in a limited public market for ourshares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Our common stock is traded and listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “KBSF.” The common stock may be delisted if we fail to maintain certainNasdaq listing requirements. For instance, companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bidprice per share of $1.00 for 30 consecutive business days. On March 3, 2016, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the 30 consecutive businessdays between January 20, 2016 and March 2, 2016, the bid price of our common stock closed below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQListing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued inclusion on The NASDAQ Capital Market. In accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we had an initial graceperiod of 180 calendar days, or until August 30, 2016, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. After the Company effectuated a oneforfifteenreverse stock split of the outstanding common stock, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq on February 27, 2017 stating that because the Company maintainedthe closing bid price of its common stock at $1.00 per share or greater from February 9 to February 24, 2017, they determined that the Company has regainedcompliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement.We cannot ensure you that we will continue to comply with the requirements for continued listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If our commonstock is no longer listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market, our shares would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our shares could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, andsecurity analysts’ coverage of us may be reduced. In addition, in the event our shares are delisted, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed uponthem, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions in our shares, further limiting the liquidity of our shares. These factors could result in lowerprices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our shares. Such delisting from The NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our shareprice could also greatly impair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing, and could significantly increase the ownershipdilution to shareholders caused by our issuing equity in financing or other transactions.20Table of ContentsIf we were delisted from NASDAQ, we may become subject to the trading complications experienced by “Penny Stocks” in the overthecounter market.Delisting from NASDAQ may cause our shares of common stock to become the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. The SEC generally defines a penny stock as an equitysecurity that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. One such exemption is tobe listed on NASDAQ. The market price of our common stock is currently higher than $1.00 per share. However, because the daily trading volume in our commonstock is very low, significant price movement can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Therefore, were we to be delisted from NASDAQ,our common stock may become subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. These rules require, among other things, that any broker engaging in a purchase or sale ofour securities provide its customers with: (i) a risk disclosure document, (ii) disclosure of market quotations, if any, (iii) disclosure of the compensation of the brokerand its salespersons in the transaction and (iv) monthly account statements showing the market values of our securities held in the customer’s accounts. A brokerwould be required to provide the bid and offer quotations and compensation information before effecting the transaction. This information must be contained on thecustomer’s confirmation. Generally, brokers are less willing to effect transactions in penny stocks due to these additional delivery requirements. These requirementsmay make it more difficult for shareholders to purchase or sell our shares. Because the broker, not us, prepares this information, we would not be able to assure thatsuch information is accurate, complete or current.Trading in our shares over the last three months has been very limited, so our stock price is highly volatile, leading to the possibility that you may not be able tosell as much stock as you want at prevailing prices.Because approximately 70% of our then issued and outstanding shares of common stock was tendered in the tender offering closed on July 29, 2014, we currentlyhave a limited amount of shares eligible for public trading. The average daily trading volume in our common stock over the last three months is very limited. If limitedtrading in our common stock continues, it may be difficult for investors to sell their shares in the public market at any given time at prevailing prices. Moreover, themarket price for shares of our common stock may be made more volatile because of the relatively low volume of trading in our common stock. When trading volumeis low, significant price movement of our common stock can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Volatility in our common stock couldcause stockholders to incur substantial losses.Numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly.There are numerous additional factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly. Thesefactors include:●our earnings releases, actual or anticipated changes in our earnings, fluctuations in our operating results or our failure to meet the expectations of financialmarket analysts and investors;●changes in financial estimates by us or by any securities analysts who might cover our shares;●speculation about our business in the press or the investment community;●significant developments relating to our relationships with our customers or suppliers;●stock market price and volume fluctuations of other publicly traded companies and, in particular, those that are in our industries;●customer demand for our products;●investor perceptions of our industry in general and our company in particular;●the operating and stock performance of comparable companies;●general economic conditions and trends;●major catastrophic events;●announcements by us or our competitors of new products, significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships or divestitures;●changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretation or principles;●loss of external funding sources;●sales of our shares, including sales by our directors, officers or significant shareholders; and●additions or departures of key personnel.21Table of ContentsSecurities class action litigation is often instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their share price. This type of litigation could result insubstantial costs to us and divert our management’s attention and resources. Moreover, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price andvolume fluctuations for reasons unrelated to operating performance of particular companies. For example, in July 2008, the securities markets in the United States,China and other jurisdictions experienced the largest decline in share prices since September 2001. These market fluctuations may adversely affect the price of ourshares and other interests in our company at a time when you want to sell your interest in us.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and do not anticipate paying any cashdividends on our shares. Accordingly, investors must be prepared to rely on sales of their shares after price appreciation to earn an investment return, which maynever occur. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our shares. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion ofour Board of Directors, and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable laws, and otherfactors our board deems relevant.Certain of our shareholders hold a significant percentage of our outstanding voting securities.Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, is the beneficial owner of approximately 37% of our outstanding voting securities. As a result, hepossesses significant influence and can elect a majority of our board of directors and authorize or prevent proposed significant corporate transactions. Hisownership and control may also have the effect of delaying or preventing a future change in control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other businesscombination or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer.Our outstanding warrants may adversely affect the market price of our shares of common stock.There are currently 393,836 warrants outstanding. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50. The sale orpossibility of sale of the shares underlying the warrants could have an adverse effect on the market price for our shares of common stock or our ability to obtainfuture financing. If and to the extent these warrants are exercised, you may experience dilution to your holdings.You will not be able to exercise your redeemable warrants if we do not have an effective registration statement and a prospectus in place when you desire to doso.No redeemable warrants will be exercisable, and we will not be obligated to issue shares of common stock upon exercise of redeemable warrants by a holder unless,at the time of such exercise, we have a registration statement or posteffective amendment under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuableupon the exercise of the redeemable warrants and a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Under the terms of a redeemable warrant agreementbetween American Stock Transfer & Trust Company as warrant agent, and us, we have agreed to use our best efforts to have a registration statement in effectcovering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants from the date the redeemable warrants become exercisable and to maintain acurrent prospectus relating to shares of common stock until the redeemable warrants expire or are redeemed, and to take such action as is necessary to qualify theshares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants for sale in those states in which the IPO was initially qualified. However, we cannotassure you that we will be able to do so. We may be unable to have a registration statement in effect covering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of theredeemable warrants or to maintain a current prospectus relating to such shares of common stock if, for example, we lack the current financial statements necessaryto be included in such registration statement or prospectus. We have no obligation to settle the redeemable warrants for cash, in any event, and the redeemablewarrants may not be exercised and we will not deliver securities therefor in the absence of an effective registration statement and a prospectus available for use. Theredeemable warrants may be deprived of any value, the market for the redeemable warrants may be limited if there is no registration statement in effect covering theshares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the redeemable warrants or the prospectus relating to the shares of common stock issuable upon the exerciseof the redeemable warrants is not current and the redeemable warrants may expire worthless. If you are unable to exercise or sell your redeemable warrants, you willhave paid the full unit price for only the shares of common stock underlying the units.22Table of ContentsHolders of warrants included in the placement units may exercise these warrants even if an effective registration statement and a prospectus is not in place,which means they may be able to exercise such warrants while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.Unlike the warrants underlying the units issued in connection with our IPO, the warrants included in the placement units will not be restricted from being exercisedin the absence of a registration statement under the Securities Act in effect covering the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the such warrantsand a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Therefore, the holders thereof will be able to exercise such warrants regardless of whether the issuanceof the underlying shares of common stock is registered under the Securities Act, while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.We are a “foreign private issuer” and have disclosure obligations that are different than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. Therefore, you should notexpect to receive the same information about us as a U.S. domestic reporting company may provide. Furthermore, if we or lose our status as a foreign privateissuer, we would be required to fully comply with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers and incur significantoperational, administrative, legal, and accounting costs that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer.We are a foreign private issuer. As a result, we are not subject to certain of the requirements imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the SEC. For example, we arenot required by the SEC or the federal securities laws to issue quarterly reports or file proxy statements with the SEC. We are also allowed to file our annual reportwith the SEC within four months of our fiscal year end. We are also not required to disclose certain detailed information regarding executive compensation that isrequired from U.S. domestic issuers. Further, our directors and executive officers are not required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Securities Act. Asa foreign private issuer, we are also exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups ofinvestors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. We are, however, still subject to the antifraud and antimanipulation rules ofthe SEC, such as Rule 10b5. Since many of the disclosure obligations required of us as a foreign private issuer are different than those required by U.S. domesticreporting companies, our shareholders should not expect to receive all of the same types of information about us and at the same time as information is receivedfrom, or provided by, U.S. domestic reporting companies. We are liable for violations of the rules and regulations of the SEC, which do apply to us as a foreignprivate issuer. Violations of these rules could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain NASDAQ corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. Thismay afford less protection to holders of our securities.We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. As a foreign private issuer,we are permitted to follow the governance practices of our home country, the Republic of the Marshall Islands in lieu of certain corporate governance requirementsof Nasdaq. As result, the standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not requiredto:●have a compensation committee and a nominating committee to be comprised solely of “independent directors; and●hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the Company’s fiscal yearend.As a result, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.Future sales or perceived sales of our shares of common stock could depress our stock price.As of the date of this report, we have 2,591,299 shares of common stock outstanding. Many of these shares will become eligible for sale in the public market, subjectto limitations imposed by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. If the holders of these shares were to attempt to sell a substantial amount of their holdings at once, themarket price of our common stock could decline. Moreover, the perceived risk of this potential dilution could cause shareholders to attempt to sell their shares andinvestors to short the common stock, a practice in which an investor sells shares that he or she does not own at prevailing market prices, hoping to purchase shareslater at a lower price to cover the sale. As each of these events would cause the number of shares of our common stock being offered for sale to increase, ourcommon stock market price would likely further decline. All of these events could combine to make it very difficult for us to sell equity or equityrelated securities inthe future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.23Table of ContentsHolders of our securities may face difficulties in protecting their interests because we are incorporated under the Republic of the Marshall Islands law.We are a company incorporated under the laws of the Marshall Islands, and almost all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, majority of ourdirectors and officers, and their assets, are located outside of the United States. As a result, you may have difficulty serving legal process within the United Statesupon us or any of these persons. You may also have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside the United States, judgments you may obtain in U.S. courts against usor these persons in any action, including actions based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal or state securities laws. You may also have difficultybringing an original action in the appropriate court of the Marshall Islands to enforce liabilities against us or any person based upon the U.S. federal securities laws.Provisions of our articles of incorporation may impede a takeover or make it more difficult for shareholders to change the direction or management of theCompany, which could reduce shareholders’ opportunity to influence management of the Company.Our articles of incorporation permit our board of directors to issue up to five million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 from time to time, with suchrights and preferences as they consider appropriate. These terms may include voting rights including the right to vote as a series on particular matters, preferencesas to dividends and liquidation, conversion rights and redemption rights provisions. The issuance of any preferred stock could reduce the value of our commonstock. In addition, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell assets to, a third party. Theability of the board of directors to issue preferred stock could make it more difficult, delay, discourage, prevent or make it more costly to acquire or effect a changeincontrol, which in turn could prevent shareholders from recognizing a gain in the event that a favorable offer is extended and could materially and negatively affectthe market price of our common stock.ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANYA.History and Development of the CompanyWe are a Republic of the Marshall Islands Company incorporated under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BDA”) on January 26, 2012. We wereoriginally organized under the name “Aquasition Corp.” for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, orsimilar acquisition transaction, one or more operating businesses or assets. The address of the Company’s principal executive office is Xingfengge Building,Baogaiyupu Industrial Park, Shishi City, Fujian Province of china.On March 24, 2014, we entered into a share exchange agreement and plan of liquidation (the “Exchange Agreement”), with KBS International, Hongri International, athen wholly owned subsidiary of KBS International and Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, each an individual and shareholder of KBS International (each, a“Principal Stockholder”). The Exchange Agreement was subsequently amended on June 21, 2014. The transactions contemplated in the Exchange Agreement (the“Share Exchange”) were closed on August 1, 2014. At the closing, we acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interest in Hongri International from KBSInternational. In exchange, we issued an aggregate of 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company to KBS International. In addition, on July 29, 2014, wecompleted a tender offer related to the Share Exchange and redeemed the 332,116 shares of common stock validly tendered and not withdrawn. Pursuant to theExchange Agreement, KBS International was liquidated and dissolved in August 2014 and the 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company were distributed toeach shareholder of KBS International according to their respective ownership of KBS International. As a result, following the consummation of the Share Exchange,we had a total of 1,694,489 shares of common stock outstanding.24Table of ContentsOn October 31, 2014, we held a special shareholder meeting and amended our Articles of Incorporation to change our name to KBS Fashion Group Limited.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.On March 29, 2016, we granted an aggregate of 73,334 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their past services in 2015 and future services to be provided in 2016.On July 10, 2017, we granted an aggregate of 215,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company as compensationsfor their services.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their services.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 registered shares of common stock pursuant to our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to our executive officers,directors and certain employees as compensations for their services.On March 29, 2019, our board of directors approved the issuance of 15,000 shares of common stock to our Investor Relationship firm as compensation for theirservices. The issuance of the shares was made in reliance on the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), for theoffer and sale of securities not involving a public offering, and Regulation S promulgated thereunder. None of the shares have been registered under the Act andneither may be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.25Table of ContentsCorporate StructureAll of our business operations are conducted through our PRC subsidiaries. The chart below presents our corporate structure as of the date of this report. The Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regardingissuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.Our web site address is http://www.kbsfashion.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of thisAnnual Report.Principal Capital Expenditures and DivestituresFor the year ended December 31, 2018, our total capital expenditures and divestitures were $nil. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, our total capitalexpenditures and divestitures were $849,199 and $45,445, respectively. Such expenditures were primarily used construction of production facility and purchasing fireprotection facility. Our operating cash flow mainly funded these capital expenditures.B.Business OverviewWe are a leading casual menswear company in China with a demonstrated track record of designing, marketing, and selling our own line of fashion menswear. Ourproducts include men’s apparel, footwear and accessories, primarily targeting urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 in the Tier II and Tier III cities in China.Tier II cities generally refer to major cities located in each province of China other than the capital city of such province. Tier III cities generally refer to countylevelcities in China. Tier III cities that we focus on are the national top 100 county cities identified by the State Statistics Bureau of China each year. These cities arecharacterized by higher GDP, higher disposable income, better education and better infrastructure as compared with other countylevel cities.26Table of ContentsOur apparel products include outerwear, knitwear, denim, tops, bottoms, accessories and footwear. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products,each year with a different theme to highlight the current trends in menswear for the season.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by the company and 40 franchised stores operated by 14 third party distributors or their subdistributors. The number of stores has grown from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017and 2016, sales through our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues respectively, and sales through distributors and whole sellersaccounted for 73%, 66.5% and 78% of our revenues, respectively. Total revenue from corporate stores sales for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $7.0million for 2017 and $5.53 million for 2016.From 2009 through 2018, total net sales decreased from $28.1 million to $18.53 million while the net profit decreased from $9.0 million to a net loss of $8 million.Our Competitive StrengthsWe believe that the following competitive strengths enable us to compete effectively in and capitalize on the growing casual menswear industry in China.●There is a sizable market for our products. We believe that we have a sizeable potential market. Our target customers are male middleclass consumers inthe 2040 age range. According to the national census in 2018, the population in China between 1659 yearsold was approximately 900 million. Our targetgroup falls into this category and is estimated to be more than 200 million people. As a result of the growing affluence in the PRC and increased purchasingpower of the PRC population, we believe that PRC consumers are becoming more willing and able to purchase casual menswear. In addition, we believe thatthe purchasing decision of PRC consumers is becoming more predicated upon brand image, product design and style, rather than just price considerations.With rising affluence and improvement in lifestyle, we also believe the overall Chinese population is generally growing more brand name conscious andstyle oriented and has shown a propensity for increased spending on casual menswear.●We have a strong focus on design and product development. We believe that our inhouse design and product development capabilities allow us to createunique products that appeal to our customers. We have established a strong inhouse design and product development team of 20 employees as of April26, 2019. Our team identifies new fashion trends by attending fashion shows and exhibitions as well as by drawing from creative ideas in magazines andother media. Each spring and fall, we carefully plan and create a new product line for our fall/winter and spring/summer collections of 727 SKU thatencompasses our full range of product offerings, including outerwear, tops, bottoms and accessories. We introduce new design elements into our productlines each season. With our highly skilled and creative team of designers, we have extensive experience in creating unique designs to meet the preferencesand needs of our target customer base.●Our trademarked brand has earned a following in China. Our brand was developed in 2006. Our marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design andmade for Chinese.” Our customers are middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range. We believe that their products’ concept, marketing, design andpackaging fully match with the prowestern attitude and life styles of their target customers. We believe the KBS brand is essential to our success topenetrate to the casual menswear market in China.●We have an extensive and wellmanaged nationwide distribution network. We have an extensive distribution network throughout China. As of December31, 2018, we had 1 KBS branded corporate stores and 32 franchised stores across 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. TheKBS branded corporate stores are required to sell only our products. We have been building up our selected distributor network since 2007. As ofDecember 31, 2018, we had 11 distributors operating 32 franchised stores. All of our distributors have been working with us from 1 to 10 years. We selectour distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry, sales channels, business resources, brand promotioncapabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. Our distributors help us respond to changing consumer tastes in a timelymanner by providing regular feedback on our products at our semiannual sales fairs and frequent communications. The financial resources of ourdistributors allow us to expand our retail network with less working capital investment from us than would be required for establishing direct stores, as ourdistributors are responsible for the store rentals and cost of inventory in their stores. We sold a substantial amount of our products through ourdistributors, which have allowed us to distribute our products to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge ofour distributors and their sub distributors. We believe that our distribution network has enabled us to expand our business and increase our salesefficiently and with less operational risk. This model has also minimized our operational risk because we typically start production after we receive ordersfrom our distributors. We believe that using a distribution network to sell a substantial amount of our KBS products has enabled us to devote ourresources to our core competitive strengths of design, brand management and product development.27Table of Contents●We have an experienced management team. Our management team has extensive R&D, marketing and financial experience, led by our Chief ExecutiveOfficer, Mr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has over 27 years of experience in the apparel industry and also has developed a differentiated product by internationalcooperation with a Korean designer. After working in the garment industry for more than 16 years, Mr. Yan acquired and developed the KBS brand. Withhis strong understanding of the apparel industry, Mr. Yan has successfully established this brand name in the market. We are committed to attract andretain top management level executives who we believe are and will continue to be the driving force behind our product development and growth.Our Growth StrategyWe intend to further strengthen our market position in the casual menswear market in China by implementing the following strategies:●We plan to expand our online business and purchase one or more online sales platforms or online stores. Together with the change in consumer trends,online sales is now the most important sales channel in Chinese market and is becoming increasingly important globally. Sales from our stores anddistributors have been steadily decreasing, and we are now in the process of identifying the best possible ways to establish and expand our onlinebusiness. We plan to research and purchase one or more online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that KBS will have better opportunities toexpand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores in year 2019, and the management of KBS will keep on exploring other areas and businessmodels, such as the use of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends. We consider that ourpolicy to expand our outreach using new technologies will add significant shareholder value.●We plan to expand our OEM sales by attracting more reputable and longterm clients. We just had the renewal of a framework sales contract with twomajor current customers: Hangzhou Zhi Yin Apparel Clothes Co., Ltd and Hangzhou Yiyuan Apparel Co., Ltd. These two sales contracts are expected togenerate approximately RMB 28 million in total, of which RMB 20 million relates to Hangzhou Ziyin of new 450,000 orders and RMB 8 million relates toHangzhou Yiyuan of new 160,000 orders for this year. We are also expanding our OEM business and to get more clients, especially to focus on onlineproviders, as they have expanded their market share over the past years quickly together with the change in Chinese consumer’s preferences and occupy alarge market share. By the time when we start executing the orders, we expect that we can have sustainable and increasing business.●We plan to invest in a Greece Based Private Smart Tech Apparel Company. We signed a letter of intent with Tribe, one of the most innovative smartclothing technology companies internationally. If the transaction is consummated, we conceive that this investment will enhance and expand significantlyour client network and products offering. The smart clothing market is expected to surpass the 2 trillion US dollars in size in 2019 and we believe we are wellpositioned to capture a part of this market in the wider region.28Table of Contents●We plan to continue to raise the profile of the KBS brand through enhanced advertising and promotional activities. We believe that the strongassociation of KBS brand with our concept of “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese” has helped drive our brand positioning and customers’receptivity to our products. We intend to further build our brand and deliver a consistent brand image from product design to sales and marketing. We seekto promote and enhance our presence in China’s casual menswear market by continuing to adopt proactive marketing strategies and produce high quality,well designed casual menswear for our target market. In particular, we aim to increase awareness of our brand through: (1) multichannel advertisingstrategies through national television, fashion magazines, billboards and other media channels; (2) further assisting our distributors’ regional advertisingefforts; (3) distinctive store and product launch campaigns, including special events for new product launches and largescale grand opening events fornew stores, particularly new corporate stores; (4) update of the decoration and layout of a number of existing stores which have been in operation for yearsto improve the shopping experience; (5) participation in fashion shows; and (6) sponsorships of selected highimpact events. We believe that theseadvertising and promotional activities will help to further strengthen brand awareness in our target market and enhance customer loyalty.●We plan to expand and build upon our design and product development capabilities. We intend to further strengthen our design and productdevelopment capabilities by accelerating the commercialization of design concepts, expanding our product offerings and continuing to develop what webelieve is unique casual menswear. We plan to further invest in design and product development and expand our design and product development team byattracting talented designers, either domestic or international, and training young graduates from leading fashion design institutes. We believe thatcombining western fashion design experience with our local designer’s understanding of the China market and aesthetic will enable us to create fashionableyet popular casual menswear for consumers in China. We also intend to cooperate with our suppliers to develop new materials and fabrics which we believewill give customers a unique fashion product and create new market opportunities. We believe that our focus on designing unique and quality casualmenswear will allow us to maintain our competitiveness and help to enhance our sales and overall profitability.●We plan to expand our production capacity to expand and diversify our product offerings. Our production facility is located in Taihu City, AnhuiProvince, China, consisting of total 110,557 square meters of land. Currently this facility has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per yearand can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famous sportswear producers, some successful onlinebrand stores and fulfill some overseas orders. The construction of our facility commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases: Phase 1 consists of theconstruction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We have completed theconstruction of facilities for Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Although we have the designed capacity of 5 million pieces yearly, the facilitycurrently may only produce 2 million pieces per year. Phase 3 construction has been delayed because the local government needs additional time toconclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 canbe continued. Phase 4 will include production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quarters and livingfacilities. Upon completion, the new facility is expected to have a production capacity of 20 million pieces and accommodate 5,000 workers. Please see“Production” below for a more complete explanation of our plans for the expansion of our production capacity. We anticipate that the new productionfacility will allow us to further refine our existing product lines by offering more styles within our existing apparel and accessories categories and tointroduce additional, complementary apparel and accessories categories into our product line. We currently introduce 500 to 900 different styles ofproducts each year and intend to increase the number of our product offerings in the future.●We plan to expand our international market and attract more orders from overseas. Starting from year 2016, we have been awarded international OEMorders for producing clothes with overseas brands. Such orders are usually large and continuous. Due to the completion of phase 2 construction of ourAnhui factory, we have enough production capacity to take on large orders. The current utilization rate of the Anhui factory is still quite low and we expectto invest more in attracting more large orders from overseas.The KBS BrandWe are engaged in a highly competitive industry in which brand image and recognition is critical to attracting customers to purchase our products. We haveadopted KBS as a uniform brand name and image for all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. The KBS brand was created byMs. Qinghua Ye in 2006 and registered with the trademark administration authority in 2008. Subsequently, Ms. Ye assigned the KBS trademark to Hongri PRC in2008. In 2009, Hongri PRC transferred this trademark to France Cock, which then licensed such trademark back to Hongri PRC. Based on our sharp rise in revenuesince 2006, we believe that the KBS brand has gained a following in the casual menswear market in the cities where our products are sold.29Table of ContentsTo promote our brand, we have developed and implemented brand management policies in all of our corporate stores and franchised stores. Our brand managementpolicies set out detailed requirements for store decorations and display of products. This enables us to project a consistent brand image. In addition, each season,our design and product development team develops display concepts, including the presentation of our collections in the stores and the color schemes for thebackdrops. We also work closely with our distributors to supervise the daily operations of franchised stores through unscheduled visits to ensure that our brandmanagement policies are properly followed.We may suspend the supply of our products or terminate distribution agreements in the event that any of our distributors or their subdistributors consistently failsto comply with our brand management policies.Our ProductsOur apparel products include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, socks and caps. In 2018, thesuggested retail prices of our products ranged from RMB 15 to RMB1,599 (approximately $2 to $237) for our apparel products and RMB178 to RMB1599(approximately $26 to $236) for our accessory products. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products, each year with a different theme tohighlight the current trends in menswear for the season.Our DesignWe believe one of our key strengths is our internal design and product development team, which designs products that reinforce our brand image. Major parts ofour products are designed by our internal design and product development team with the collaboration of Korean designers. As of December 31, 2018, our designand product development team consisted of 20 members, including one senior designer with over five years of working experience. Final design concepts areapproved by Mr. Keyan Yan, who has more than 27 years of experience in the industry. All of the other designers are graduates of professional design schools inChina. We believe that our design and product development team is innovative and passionate and that the individual experience of each of our designers helpsbring new and exciting products to our customers. Our design and product development team conceptualizes each season’s collections through an interactiveprocess, taking into account our brand strategy, product image and market feedback, drawing inspirations from domestic and international fashion trends andcollaborating with both our suppliers and distributors to finetune our designs. In particular, we collaborate with our suppliers to develop a variety of materials andfabrics for our products. We also involve distributors in our product selection process to take advantage of their market intelligence, which helps us to adapt toconstantly changing customer preferences in local markets. Our designers also attend various domestic and international fashion shows to keep abreast of the latestfashion trends.Starting from year 2015, design of our products comes from three channels. In addition to designing products by our inhouse staff, we outsource to certainreputable designers. From time to time, our ODMs also will directly sell their designed products to us.In a typical year, we design and make around 1,500 prototypes. After the initial product selection, internal cost analysis of approved prototypes and final selectionby distributors at the sales fairs, we eventually select approximately 750 designs for mass production. Final design of all of our products will be approved by ourChairman, Mr. Yan.Our Distribution NetworkWe have established a nationwide distribution network consisting of corporate stores and franchised stores covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrallyadministered municipalities.Corporate StoresAs of December 31, 2018, we owned and operated 1 corporate store with the floor area of approximately 120 square meters. As part of our corporate strategy, weclosed 17 corporate stores in last two years because of the low profitability of certain corporate stores. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, salesthrough our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues, respectively.30Table of ContentsWe directly own and operate our corporate store. This direct control enables us to have closer relationship with our ultimate customers and better understanding ofmarket trends and consumer preferences. Required capital for opening of each store depends on the location and area of the designated store. On average, therenovation cost per store is around $67,000 and the first year of rent payment is around $140,000 including premium paid to the previous owner. Rental period variesfrom two to five years. The total capital required to open a new store is generally around $207,000 per store. Once negotiation of rent is concluded, it takes one totwo months to open up a store. We usually open up stores right before a peak season, such as labor holiday in May, National holiday in October and Chinese NewYear in January/February. On average, new stores break even after one to three months of operation.We currently have one standard designs for our corporate stores located in Fujian Province. They were considered as flagship stores for our distributors’ reference.Because in year 2016 and 2015 we closed some corporate stores, the inventories of these stores were cleared through promotion exhibitions we held in the thirdtiercities at lower prices.For corporate stores opened in second tier cities, we normally have a higher aesthetic standard compared with corporate stores in third and fourth tier cities. Wegenerally locate our corporate stores at street level to access high pedestrian flow. Normally, we will sell inseason stock in our secondtier city corporate stores. Oursecondtier city corporate stores are also designed to showcase our marketability to potential distributors so as to induce them to join our distributorship. For storesopened in the third and fourth tier cities, we normally sell some of our slowmoving or offseason stock at a discount due to our awareness of the generally lesseramount of disposable income available to residents of these cities. During certain times of the year, such as the New Year, Chinese New Year and Labor Day, we willorganize promotional discounts together with our franchised stores to attract more customers and increase our stock turnover.Franchised StoresWe sell a substantial amount of our products to our franchised distributors who in turn sell them to retail customers through KBS branded retail stores operated byour distributors or their subdistributors. Since 2013, we have also been selling products to 3 provincial distributors without their own stores, or the nostoredistributors, on a trial basis. We do not have any ownership in, or controlling relationship with, these franchised stores, but we have entered into distributionagreements with them in the Company’s standard form, pursuant to which we require distributors and their subdistributors to sell only KBS products in thesestores. Distributors are responsible for selecting and ordering products from us and overseeing the sales in the stores operated by them and their subdistributors.By selling directly to our distributors, we can recognize revenues upon delivery to our distributors and delegate the distribution responsibilities to our distributors.This allows us to distribute our merchandise to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge of our distributors and theirsubdistributors. This also minimizes our inventory and sales risks while allowing us to allocate our resources to our core competitive strengths of design, brandmanagement and product development. We believe that our cooperation with distributors has enabled us to expand our business and accelerate our sales growth atmuch lower costs and operational risk and achieve brand recognition throughout China.We have been building up our selected franchised distributor network since 2007. As of December 31, 2018, we had 11 franchised distributors who operated 32 retailstores directly or through their subdistributors, all of which were standalone stores, which were typically located in commercial centers, including departmentstores or shopping malls, in their cities. All these distributors have worked with us for about 1 to 8 years. We have not encountered any material dispute or financialdifficulty with our key distributors. The average floor area of each retail store was approximately 78 square meters as of December 2018. The number of retail storeshas grown significantly in recent years from 7 as of December 31, 2006, with the aggregate floor area increasing from 560 square meters as of December 31, 2006 to2,635 square meters as of December 31, 2018. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, sales through our distributors accounted for 73%, 63.3% and78% of our revenues, respectively. 31Table of ContentsDuring each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we had no customer exceeding 10% of our net sales.Sales generated by our five bestperforming franchised distributors accounted for approximately 29.3%, 23.8% and 28.3% of our revenues in the years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Those top distributors have been with us since 2007 or 2008 and have grown organically with us. At the same time,we are exploring more distributors in other regions including relatively small distributors to grow with their businesses. Although we rely on distributors for thesales and marketing of our products, we believe our business is not substantially dependent on any individual distributor.We are highly selective in appointing distributors. We select our distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry,sales channels, business resources, brand promotion capabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. We maintain good relationshipswith many regional or local distributor candidates which we identify through our internal research and external referrals but only appoint a handful of them tobecome our distributors. We evaluate the relevant experience of the distributor candidates in operating retail stores, their financial condition and sources of fundingrequired for the establishment of a regional distribution network and their ability to develop a network of retail stores in the designated distribution region of a givendistributor before we make any appointment.Once appointed, each distributor must enter into a distribution agreement with us. We do not own any interest in any of our distributors, their subdistributors orthe retail stores they operate. The distribution agreements we typically enter into with distributors do not allow us to be involved in the daily operating, financing orother activities of the distributors, except that distributors need to comply with our brand management policies and pricing and store management guidelines. Keyterms of our standard distribution agreement include:●Product Exclusivity. Our distributors are required to sell only our products at KBS branded retail outlets managed by them or authorized retailers.●Geographic Coverage. Distributors are granted exclusive rights to distribute our products (directly and indirectly through their subdistributors) in theretail stores within the specified geographic area with no overlapping of distributors within our distribution network. However, we retain the right to operatedirect stores anywhere regardless of whether we have appointed distributors there.●Duration. The distribution agreements generally have an initial term of one year and are renewable at our discretion after taking into account factors suchas compliance with our brand management policies and sales performance.●Distributor Pricing. Distributors agree to order our products at a discount from our suggested retail prices. The discounted wholesale prices todistributors are classified into the following three categories: provincial distributor at a discount of 35% of retail price, district distributor is 30% of retailprice and the wholesale distributor is 25% of retail price.●Minimum Purchase Requirement. Each of our distributors is customarily expected to purchase a minimum amount of our products for each trade fair heldbiannually according to their present and expected distribution network. The minimum is typically RMB800,000 (approximately $110,000) for each store.●Payment and Delivery. Normally, we expect distributors to pay us RMB0.5 million (approximately $74,000) to RMB1 million (approximately $148,148) as adeposit upon placing an order. Upon delivery of the orders, we will deduct amounts on deposit from the purchase price. For new and small districtdistributors, we normally require them to pay the balance before the delivery of its products. We may also accept payment on credit terms to the extentrequested by distributors experiencing working capital difficulties or encouraging them to order more. The amount and duration of credit granted to eachdistributor will depend on its financial position and creditworthiness. We handle the arrangements for delivery of our products, but the distributors arenormally expected to bear the related costs and expenses.32Table of Contents●Return of Products. We will only accept product returns from distributors for quality reasons and only if the distributors followed our standard proceduresin processing the returned products. So far, we have not experienced any product returns due to expressed quality reasons.●Retail Pricing. Other than at times when we launch promotional campaigns or adjust our strategies, distributors must adopt, and are required to procuretheir subdistributors to adopt, our suggested retail prices for products. Distributors must obtain our consent before launching any distributor specificspecial offers.●Brand Management. Distributors must comply with our brand management policies and store management guidelines. We may impose penalties, forfeitureof deposit, suspend supply of products and terminate the agreement in the event of any breach of such policies.●Termination. We may generally terminate the distribution agreements and seek indemnification in the event of breach by distributors. In the event of sometypes of breach, we may not terminate the agreement but have other remedies. For example, if a distributor fails to order all products provided for under thedistributorship agreement, we may instead impose forfeiture of deposit or withhold certain benefits.When opening new retail stores, our distributors conduct research on the market potential of the proposed retail sites, after which they will provide us with anapplication for opening a new retail store. In reviewing applications, we consider factors including the store location, store layout, available area, marketopportunities, competitors and estimated sales. We conduct selected onsite investigations to verify applications filed by our distributors. Our retail stores aregenerally located in convenient retail locations in their respective cities and thus benefit from high volumes of pedestrian traffic.Effective monitoring of distributors and their retail stores is critical to our success. We have a team in our marketing, sales and distribution department to monitorour distributors’ and their subdistributors’ performance, who conduct onsite inspections of selected retail stores each quarter without prior notice to ensurecompliance with our store management guidelines. According to the results of our inspections, we, from time to time, make suggestions to our distributors withrespect to the opening or closure of their retail stores. Distributors also need to submit to us their annual/ semiannual plans to estimate their orders for the nextseason and their plan to improve the performance of existing retail stores or expand by opening new retail stores. This reporting system enables us to access uptodate sales projections of our distributors and their subdistributors, which reflects the overall level of retail sales of our products. It also provides us with theexpansion plan of each distributor which helps us prepare our overall development plan in a more accurate manner.We invite our distributors, as well as a select number of their subdistributors and retail store managers, to attend our sales fairs, which are held twice a year. Duringthe sales fairs, we discuss with our distributors and their subdistributors the upcoming product line. Apart from participating in two sales fairs each year, ourdistributors visit us from time to time and contact us as necessary, which allows us to have access to updated market information. We also provide training fordistributors and their subdistributors in the areas of sales techniques, customer service and product knowledge, typically prior to the launch of our new collectionseach year. We believe that these investments help to improve the operations of the sales network and provide additional valueadded services to retain ourdistributors and their subdistributors.The following table lists by region the number of retail stores operated by distributors and subdistributors as of December 31, 2018:LocationAs ofDecember 31,2018Fujian6Guangdong2Guangxi3Jiangsu4Anhui2Chongqing4Tianjin3Hebei4Sichuan4Total3233Table of ContentsPricing PolicyWe sell our products to our distributors at uniform discounts from our suggested retail prices. We have a suggested retail price policy that applies to all our storesto help maintain brand image, ensure consistent pricing levels from region to region and prevent price competition among our distributors. In determining our pricingstrategies, we take into account market supply and demand, production cost and the prices of our competitors’ similar products. Our sales representatives collectand record the retail prices of our products sold by our retailers. We analyze the information collected and engage in discussions with our distributors to ensure thatthey follow our pricing policy. See “Franchised Stores” above.ProductionOriginally located in Shishi City in Fujian Province and started production in 2006, our production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China.The facility currently has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famoussportswear producers. Our production facility was operating at full capacity between 2009 and 2012. In 2014, we produced about 0.39 million units at the operatingcapacity of 19.5%; while in 2015,we produced about 0.48 million units at the operating capacity of 24%. In 2016, we produced about 0.54 million units at the operatingcapacity of 27%.In 2017 and 2018, we produced about 0.30 million and 0.49 million units at the operating capacity of 15% and 25%. Since 2011, we have been negotiating with the local government to acquire land use rights for our current facility consisting of 110,557 square meters. We obtaineda portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square meters and 2,440 square meters in March 2012 and May 2012, respectively, and have finishedthe construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factoryin year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with localresidents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. While we cannot guaranteewhen and whether the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land will be eventually completed, we believe we will be in a better position toschedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Once completed, our total production capacity of the facility isexpected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.All of the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers bear the brand name KBS. As of December 31, 2018, we had 3 ODM contractmanufacturers and 3 OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had 3 and 6 OEM contract manufacturers, respectively. Oursourcing strategy is based upon the quality of fabrics and workmanship that our customers expect from the KBS brand. The costs of our outsourced productionamounted to approximately $8.38 million, $10.94 million and$26.1 million for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, accounting forapproximately 27.3%, 31% and 66.8% of our total cost of sales in the respective periods.As of December 31, 2018, our principal ODM and OEM contract suppliers included the following:No.1Bai Tian Ni (Fujian) Clothing fabric Co. Ltd2Shishi Hua Lai Shi Clothing Co. Ltd3Jinjiang City Hongtawanheng trading Co. Ltd4Fujian Gumaite Clothing Technology Co. Ltd5Shishi Rongpeng Clothing Co. Ltd6Hubei Mingyuan Clothing Co. LtdWe are not materially reliant on any single ODM or OEM contract supplier.34Table of ContentsInventory ManagementWe recognize that controlling the level of inventory is important to our overall operational efficiency and cost control. Based on the purchase orders our distributorsand the department store chains place at our biannual sales fairs, we are able to anticipate the demand for our products in advance and plan ahead for our ownmanufacturing and the orders we will be required to place with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We generally plan purchases of raw materials and placemanufacturing orders with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers immediately after each of our two seasonal sales fairs, usually in May for our autumn andwinter products and in October for our spring and summer products, where we confirm sales orders with our distributors and department store chains. This enablesus and our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to have sufficient time, ranging from two to eight weeks, to produce the products and provide our productssuitable for a specific season to our distributors and department store chains on a justintime basis so as to minimize our inventory levels. The alternative way tocontrol cost is when if we have chance to buy materials which the price is much lower than market price, we will buy it in advance and give to OEM contractmanufactures use our material to produce.Quality ControlProduct quality control is a critical aspect of our business. Our dedicated quality control team performs various quality inspection and testing procedures, includingrandom sample testing at different stages of our production process, to ensure that our products meet or exceed the expectations of our consumers. We also performroutine product inspections on every batch of our products and sample testing to ensure consistent quality of our products, including semifinished and finishedproducts.We have implemented a centralized system for procurement and inspection of raw materials and ancillary components to help ensure a stable and high qualitysupply. Those materials and components that fail to meet our tests may be returned to the suppliers for replacement. Our quality control team also carries out qualitycontrol procedures on the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We conduct onsite inspections of our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers before we enter into business relationships with them. We also send our inhouse quality control staff onsite to our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers to monitor the entire production process. The initial product inspections are performed onsite by our staff before these products are shipped to ourheadquarters for further inspection and storage in our warehouse. We also provide technical training to ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to assist them withquality control of the production processes and inspect preproduction samples and finished products from ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We have notencountered any material disruptions to our business as a result of the failure of any of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to meet our quality standards.In order to further improve the quality of our products and shorten our delivery cycle, we intend to increase our control over the manufacturing process andproduction cycle of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers, primarily by requiring our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to implement stricter and morecomprehensive quality control procedures, which cover each stage of the production process, from raw material selection and procurement to finished productspackaging and delivery. We also intend to apply more stringent standards for inspecting products manufactured for us by our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers.Marketing and AdvertisingWe have conducted multichannel marketing campaigns to advertise our products to our target customers through advertising in newspapers, magazines, theInternet, and billboards, and organizing regular and frequent instore marketing activities and road shows.We have implemented strict requirements on our distributors with respect to the display and promotion of our products to ensure consistent branding and enhancemarketing results. Our distributors are required to ensure that our marketing strategies are implemented at the retail outlets managed or authorized by them, includingdisplaying our products according to our specifications and using our billboard advertisements. We also assign sales representatives to monitor the instoredisplays of our products at various retail outlets on a regular basis to help ensure that our retailers have followed our product display policies.In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 our total advertising and promotional expenses amounted to approximately $1.21 million, $1.59 million and $1.55million, respectively, which accounted for approximately 6.6%, 7.5% and 3.8% of our revenues in the respective periods.35Table of ContentsCompetitionThe menswear industry in China is a fragmented industry. Competition mainly comes from local market players such as Exceed, Xiniya, Zuoan and Cabbeen. Webelieves that we differentiate ourselves by providing more fashionable, youngerlooking and leisure products, and competitive pricing without giving up the casualfeel of our products.We compete primarily on the basis of product design, brand recognition, operational efficiency and a low cost structure. Some of our domestic competitors have astronger customer base, greater resources and more industry expertise than us. However, we believe that we can continue to successfully compete with our localcompetitors due to our unique product designs.Intellectual PropertyWe currently have the licenses to use two registered trademarks in the PRC.The registered trademarks on which we have licenses are the following:TrademarkRegistration No.Valid TermKBS4342760Jan 1, 2019 August 28, 2028Ka bi sports5462336March 14, 2010 March 12,2020We believe that these trademarks provide significant value as they are important for marketing and building brand recognition. We are not aware of any third partycurrently using trademarks similar to our trademarks in the PRC on the same products.InsuranceWe do not have any business liability, interruption or litigation insurance coverage for our operations in China. Insurance companies in China offer limited businessinsurance products. While business interruption insurance is available to a limited extent in China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of suchinsurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance.Therefore, we are subject to business and product liability exposure. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—We have limited insurance coverage inChina and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses.”RegulationBecause our primary operating subsidiaries are located in China, we are subject to China’s national and local laws detailed below. We believe that we are in materialcompliance with all registrations and requirements for the issuance and maintenance of all licenses required by the governing bodies and that all license fees andfilings are current. This section summarizes the major PRC regulations relating to our business.Regulations Relating to Foreign InvestmentInvestment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are mainly governed by the Guidance Catalog of Industries for Foreign Investment (2017 revision), or theCatalog, which was promulgated jointly by MOFCOM and the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, on June 28, 2017 and entered into forceon July 28, 2017. The Catalog divides industries into four categories in terms of foreign investment, which are “encouraged,” “restricted,” and “prohibited,” and allindustries that are not listed under one of these categories are deemed to be “permitted.” Establishment of wholly foreignowned enterprises is generally allowed inencouraged and permitted industries. Some restricted industries are limited to equity or contractual joint ventures, while in some cases Chinese partners are requiredto hold the majority interests in such joint ventures. In addition, foreign investment in restricted category projects is subject to government approvals. Foreigninvestors are not allowed to invest in industries in the prohibited category. Industries not listed in the Catalogue are generally open to foreign investment unlessspecifically restricted by other PRC regulations.36Table of ContentsIn June 2018, MOFCOM and NDRC promulgated the Special Management Measures (Negative List) for the Access of Foreign Investment, or the Negative List,effective July 2018. The Negative List expands the scope of permitted industries by foreign investment by reducing the number of industries that fall within theNegative List where restrictions on the shareholding percentage or requirements on the composition of board or senior management still exists. Foreign investmentin valueadded telecommunications services (except for ecommerce) falls within the Negative List.In October 2016, MOFCOM issued the Interim Measures for Recordfiling Administration of the Establishment and Change of Foreigninvested Enterprises, or FIERecordfiling Interim Measures, most recently amended in July 2017. Pursuant to FIE Recordfiling Interim Measures, the establishment and change of foreigninvested enterprises are subject to recordfiling procedures, instead of prior approval requirements, provided that such establishment or change does not involvespecial entry administration measures. If the establishment or change of foreigninvested enterprises matters involve the special entry administration measures, theapproval of the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterparts is still required.Regulations Relating to Product QualityThe principal legal provisions governing product liability are set forth in the PRC Product Quality Law, which was promulgated in February 1993 by the SCNPC andamended in July 2000 and August 2009.The PRC Product Quality Law stipulates the responsibilities and obligations of product sellers and producers. Violations of the PRC Product Quality Law may resultin the imposition of fines. In addition, the seller or producer may be ordered to suspend its operations, and its business license may be revoked. There may also bePART IPART IIPART III20F 1 f20f2018_kbsfashiongroup.htm FORM 20FUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F(Mark One)☐REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ___________ to ___________OR¨SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report:Commission file number: 00135715KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)Not Applicable(Translation of Registrant’s Name Into English)Republic of the Marshall Islands(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)Xin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of China(Address of Principal Executive Offices)Mr. Keyan Yan, Chief Executive OfficerXin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of ChinaTel: + (86) 595 8889 6198Fax: (86) 595 8850 5328(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of Each ClassName of Each Exchange On Which RegisteredCommon Stock, $0.0001 par valueNASDAQ Capital MarketSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.Units, Common Stock Purchase Warrants(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.None(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report(December 31, 2018): 2,271,299Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐No ☒If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of“large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large Accelerated Filer ☐Accelerated Filer ☐NonAccelerated Filer ☒Emerging Growth Company☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting StandardsCodification after April 5, 2012.Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:U.S. GAAP ☐International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting StandardsBoard ☒Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ☐ Item17 ☐Item 18If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒Annual Report on Form 20FYear Ended December 31, 2018TABLE OF CONTENTSPageITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS2A.Directors and Senior Management2B.Advisors2C.Auditors2ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE2A.Offer Statistics2B.Method and Expected Timetable2ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATION2A.Selected Financial Data2B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY24A.History and Development of the Company24B.Business Overview26C.Organizational Structure42D.Property, Plants and Equipment43ITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS44ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS44A.Principal Factors Affecting Financial Performance45B.Liquidity and Capital Resources50C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.51D.Trend Information51E.Off Balance Sheet Arrangements51F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations52G.Safe Harbor62ITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES63A.Directors and Senior Management63B.Compensation64C.Board Practices65D.Employees66E.Share Ownership66ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS67A.Major Shareholders67B.Related Party Transactions67C.Interests of Experts and Counsel67iTable of ContentsITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATION67A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information67B.Significant Changes68ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTING68A.Offer and Listing Details68B.Plan of Distribution68C.Markets68D.Selling Shareholders68E.Dilution68F.Expenses of the Issue68ITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATION69A.Share Capital69B.Memorandum and Articles of Association69C.Material Contracts71D.Exchange Controls71E.Taxation74F.Dividends and Paying Agents79G.Statement by Experts79H.Documents on Display79I.Subsidiary Information79ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK79ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES80A.Debt Securities80B.Warrants and Rights80C.Other Securities80D.American Depositary Shares80ITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES81ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS81ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES81A.Disclosure Controls and Procedures81B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting81C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm81D.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting82ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT82ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICS82ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES82ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES82ITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS83ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT83ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCE83ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE83ITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 19.EXHIBITS84iiTable of ContentsINTRODUCTORY NOTESUse of Certain Defined TermsExcept as otherwise indicated by the context and for the purposes of this report only, references in this report to:●“KBS,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” are to KBS Fashion Group Ltd., a company organized in the Republic of the Marshall Islands;●““KBS International,” refers to KBS International Holding Inc., a Nevada corporation, which was dissolved in August 2014;●“Hongri PRC,” refers to Hongri (Fujian) Sports Goods Co., Ltd., which is our wholly owned subsidiary organized in the PRC;●“Hongri International” are to Hongri International Holdings Limited, which is our wholly owned subsidiary and a company organized in the BVI;●“BVI” are to the British Virgin Islands;●“Hong Kong” are to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China;●“PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China;●“SEC” are to the Securities and Exchange Commission;●“Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;●“Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;●“Renminbi” and “RMB” are to the legal currency of China; and●“U.S. dollars,” “dollars” and “$” are to the legal currency of the United States.ForwardLooking InformationIn addition to historical information, this report contains forwardlooking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of theExchange Act. We use words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “target,” “plan,” “optimistic,” “intend,” “aim,” “will” or similar expressions whichare intended to identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, among others, those concerning market and industry segment growth and demandand acceptance of new and existing products; any projections of sales, earnings, revenue, margins or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategiesand objectives of management for future operations; and any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, as well as all assumptions,expectations, predictions, intentions or beliefs about future events. You are cautioned that any such forwardlooking statements are not guarantees of futureperformance and involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions, which, if they were to ever materialize or prove incorrect, could cause the results of theCompany to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forwardlooking statements. Potential risks and uncertainties include, among other things, thepossibility that we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues and profits due to our failure to anticipate consumer preferences and develop newmenswear products, our failure to execute our business expansion plan, changes in domestic and foreign laws, regulations and taxes, changes in economicconditions, uncertainties related to China’s legal system and economic, political and social events in China, a general economic downturn, a downturn in thesecurities markets, and other risks and uncertainties which are generally set forth under Item 3 “Key information—D. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and our other filings with the SEC. These reports attempt toadvise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects. The forwardlookingstatements made in this report speak only as of the date hereof and we disclaim any obligation, except as required by law, to provide updates, revisions oramendments to any forwardlooking statements to reflect changes in our expectations or future events.On February 3, 2017, approved by the shareholders, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen (1for15) reverse stock split of the Company’s issued andoutstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided that shareholders are entitled to receive the number ofshares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Stock Market on a splitadjusted basis when themarket opened on February 9, 2017. All references in this report to share and per share data have been adjusted, including historical data which have beenretroactively adjusted, to give effect to the reverse stock split unless specified otherwise.1Table of ContentsPART IITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERSA.Directors and Senior ManagementNot applicable.B.AdvisorsNot applicable.C.AuditorsNot applicable.ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLEA.Offer StatisticsNot applicable.B.Method and Expected TimetableNot applicable.ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATIONA.Selected Financial DataThe following table presents selected financial data regarding our business. It should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and relatednotes contained elsewhere in this annual report and the information under Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” The selected consolidatedstatements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, and the selected consolidated statements of financialposition data as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are included in this annual reportbeginning on page F1. The selected consolidated statements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the selectedconsolidated statements of financial position data as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements thatare not included in this annual report.Our consolidated financial statements were prepared and presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by theInternational Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The selected financial data information is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the historicalconsolidated financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere herein. The financial statements contained elsewhere fully represent our financial conditionand operations; however, they are not indicative of our future performance.2Table of ContentsYears ended December 31,20182017201620152014Statement of Income DataTotal revenue$18,535,116$23,762,536$41,200,205$61,343,681$58,832,481Total cost of sales(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)(46,511,274)(39,416,973)Gross profit(2,316,136)(11,511,816)2,158,27214,832,40719,415,508Distribution and selling expenses(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)(6,621,256)(7,191,606)Administrative expenses(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)2,798,082(4,649,229)Profit for the year(17,968,597)(14,815,596)(11,902,688)1,243,6706,876,982Total comprehensive income for the year(20,040,295)(10,004,880)(18,028,121)(4,801,102)6,526,172Outstanding shares2,299,9151,860,8311,750,1421,694,4891,694,489Earnings per share, basic diluted8.067.966.800.734.06Balance Sheet DataCash and cash equivalents$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,341$21,214,080$20,604,583Noncurrent assets29,837,87540,966,31934,754,94247,221,52952,929,386Current assets31,328,13140,343,38656,343,82362,098,95162,093,570Working capital24,463,44633,060,87748,647,18553,598,85452,704,076Total assets61,166,00681,309,70591,098,765109,310,480115,022,956Current liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,500,0979,389,493Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,503,5069,404,880Equity54,301,32174,027,19683,402,127100,816,974105,618,076B.Capitalization and IndebtednessNot applicable.C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of ProceedsNot applicable.D.Risk FactorsAn investment in our capital stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the otherinformation included in this annual report, before making an investment decision. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial conditionor results of operations could suffer. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.3Table of ContentsRISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSGeneral economic conditions, including a prolonged weakness in the economy, may affect consumer discretionary spending, which could adversely affect ourbusiness and financial performance.The apparel industry has historically been subject to substantial cyclical variations. Our business and financial performance are dependent on a number of factorsimpacting consumer discretionary spending, including general economic and business conditions; consumer confidence; wages and employment levels; thehousing market; consumer debt levels; availability of consumer credit; credit and interest rates; fuel and energy costs; energy shortages; taxes; general politicalconditions, both domestic and abroad. Consumer product purchases, including purchases of our products, may decline during recessionary periods. Our ability toaccess the capital markets may be restricted at a time when we would like, or need, to raise capital, which could impair on our ability to open additional stores orbuild additional manufacturing lines. In addition, as domestic and international economic conditions change, trends in consumer spending on discretionary items,including our merchandise, become unpredictable and subject to reductions due to economic uncertainties. A prolonged economic recovery or an uncertain outlookin the economy could result in additional declines in consumer discretionary spending, which could materially affect our financial performance.A contraction in apparel sales and production could impair our results of operations and liquidity and jeopardize our supply base.Apparel sales and production are cyclical and depend, among other things, on general economic conditions and consumer spending and preferences. As thevolume of apparel production fluctuates, the demand for our products also fluctuates. A contraction in apparel sales could harm our results of operations andliquidity. In addition, our suppliers would also be subject to many of the same consequences which could pressure their results of operations and liquidity.Depending on an individual supplier’s financial condition and access to capital, its viability could be challenged which could impact its ability to perform as weexpect and consequently our ability to meet our own commitments.If we are unable to anticipate consumer preferences and develop new menswear products, we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues andprofits.Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define apparel trends as well as to anticipate, gauge and react to changing consumer demands formenswear in a timely manner. Our target market of consumers comprises urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 with moderatetohigh levels of disposableincome. Our business is particularly sensitive to their fashion preferences, which cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumeracceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, and our future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes. If we failto anticipate accurately and respond to trends and shifts in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing product offerings, developing new products,designs, styles and categories, we could experience lower sales, excess inventories and lower profit margins. In a distressed economic and retail environment, manyof our competitors may engage in aggressive activities, such as markdowns or other promotional sales to dispose of excess, slowmoving inventory, furtherincreasing the need to react appropriately to changing consumer preferences and fashion trends. Failure to do so could adversely affect the level of acceptance ofour products, our brand image and our relationship with our distributors, and therefore have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results ofoperations.The apparel industry is highly competitive, and if we fail to compete effectively, we could lose our market position.The menswear industry is highly competitive in China and worldwide. We compete with various domestic brands with similar business models and target markets.We also compete with a growing number of international brands trying to expand their market share in China to take advantage of rising consumer spending oncasual menswear. Our primary international and domestic competitors include Exceed, Xiniya, Cabbeen, GXG and NQ. Some of our competitors are significantlylarger and have greater financial resources than we do. In order to compete effectively, we must: (1) maintain the image of our brands and our reputation forinnovation and high quality; (2) be flexible and innovative in responding to rapidly changing market demands on the basis of brand image, style, performance andquality; and (3) offer consumers a wide variety of high quality products at competitive prices.4Table of ContentsThe purchasing decisions of consumers are highly subjective and can be influenced by many factors, such as brand image, marketing programs and productfeatures. Some of our competitors enjoy competitive advantages, including greater brand recognition and greater financial resources for competitive activities, suchas sales, marketing and strategic acquisitions. The number of our direct competitors and the intensity of competition may increase as we expand into other productlines or as other companies expand into our product lines. Our competitors may enter into business combinations or alliances that strengthen their competitivepositions or prevent us from taking advantage of such combinations or alliances. Our competitors also may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than wecan to new or changing opportunities, standards or consumer preferences. Our results of operations and market position may be adversely impacted by ourcompetitors and the competitive pressures in the menswear industries.Failure to effectively promote or develop our brand could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.We sell all our products under the KBS brand, from which we derive most of our revenues. Brand image is an important factor that affects a customer’s purchasingdecision for menswear products. Our success therefore depends on, among other things, market recognition and acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture,lifestyle, and images associated with the brand, some of which may not be within our control. We have limited control over our distributors that we rely upon to sellour products, which may limit our ability to ensure a consistent brand image. See “Risks Factors Related to Our Business –We have limited control over the ultimateretail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhere to, or fail to cause the third party retail outletoperators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.” We began designing, promoting, and selling KBS branded products in China in 2006. To effectivelypromote KBS brand, we need build and maintain the brand image by focusing on a variety of promotional and marketing activities to promote brand awareness, aswell as to increase its presence in the markets in which we compete. There is no assurance that we will be able to effectively promote or develop KBS brand, and ifwe fail to do so, the goodwill of KBS brand may be undermined and our business as well as our financial results may be adversely affected. In addition, negativepublicity or disputes regarding KBS brand, products, company, or management could materially and adversely affect public perception of KBS brand. Any impact onour ability to continue to sell KBS brand or any significant damage to KBS brand’s image could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends on the continued service of our senior executives and other key employees. In particular, we rely on the expertise, experience,and business contacts, of Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ms. Lixia Tu, our Director and Chief Financial Officer and Mr. ThemisKalapotharakos, our director. If one or more of our senior executives are unable or unwilling to continue to work for us in their present positions, we may have tospend a considerable amount of time and resources searching, recruiting, and integrating the replacements into our operations, which would substantially divertmanagement’s attention from and severely disrupt the Company business. This may also adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategy. Moreover, ifany of our senior executives joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, suppliers and key employees.Failure to execute our business expansion plan could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.A large part of our initial growth resulted from an increase in the number of our retail sales outlets, including corporate and franchised stores, and the increased salesvolume and profitability provided by these sales outlets. The number of our sales outlets increased from 8 in 2006 to 33 in year 2018.5Table of ContentsWe have our factory located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China, consisting of an aggregate of 110,457 square meters of land. Currently the facility there has aproduction capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year and can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces original equipmentmanufacturer (OEM) products for online stores, regional apparel brands and overseas orders. The construction commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases:Phase 1 consists of the construction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We havecompleted the construction of facilities of Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Phase 3 construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has beendelayed because the local government needs additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Because the time forthe government to resolve this matter is uncertain, we wrote off the land use right of the third parcel of land from account balance, according to the internationalframework reporting standard. Phase 4 includes building production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quartersand living facilities on the third parcel of land. As a result, our commitments to this facility may reduce our liquidity for an indefinite period and until it is completed.We could also indefinitely lose opportunities to expand our sales due to any further delay of our construction.The decision to increase our production capacity was based in part on our projections of market demand for our products and OEM orders from other brand nameowners. If actual customer demand does not meet our projections, we will likely suffer overcapacity problems and may have to leave capacity idle or need to contractout our facilities at an unfavorable price, which may reduce our overall profitability and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our futuresuccess depends on our ability to expand the Company’s business to address growth in demand for our current and future products.Our ability to expand the Company’s business is subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including:●the unavailability of additional funding to invest more in brand recognition such as advertisement, expand our production capacity, purchase additionalfixed assets and purchase raw materials on favorable terms or at all;●our inability to manage an online shop, hire qualified personnel and establish distribution methods;●conditions in the commercial real estate market existing at the time we seek to expand;●delays and cost overruns as a result of a number of factors, many of which may be beyond our control, such as problems with equipment vendors andcontract manufacturers;●failure to maintain high quality control standards;●shortage of raw materials;●our inability to obtain, or delays in obtaining, required approvals by relevant government authorities;●diversion of significant management attention and other resources; and●failure to execute our expansion plan effectively.The expansion of our business may place significant strain on our personnel, management, financial systems and operational infrastructure and may impede ourability to meet any increased demand for our products. To accommodate the Company’s growth, we will need to implement a variety of new and upgradedoperational and financial systems, procedures, and controls, including improvements to our accounting and other internal management systems, by dedicatingadditional resources to our reporting and accounting function and improvements to our record keeping and contract tracking system. We will also need to recruitmore personnel and train and manage our growing employee base. Furthermore, we will need to maintain and expand relationships with our current and futurecustomers, suppliers, distributors and other third parties, and there is no guarantee that we will succeed.In the future, we also intend to invest more resources to research and purchase online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that we will have betteropportunities to expand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores. In addition, we will keep on exploring other areas and business models, such as theuse of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends.If we encounter any of the risks described above or if we are otherwise unable to establish or successfully operate online shops or additional production capacity,we may be unable to grow our business and revenues, reduce our operating costs, maintain our competitiveness or improve our profitability and, consequently, ourbusiness, financial condition, results of operations and prospects will be adversely affected.6Table of ContentsIf we are unable to fund capital expenditures or obtain additional sources of liquidity when we need it, our business may be adversely affected. In addition, ifwe obtain equity financing, the issuance of our equity securities could cause dilution for our stockholders. To the extent we obtain the financing through theissuance of debt securities, our debt service obligations could increase, and we may become subject to restrictive operating and financial covenants.We anticipate that we will make substantial capital investments to expand our business within the next 3 years. There is no assurance that we will have sufficientcash to fund our anticipated capital expenditures. If we need but are unable to obtain adequate financing with on terms favorable to us, we may be unable tosuccessfully maintain our operations and accomplish our growth strategy. In addition, we may be unable to generate sufficient cash internally or obtain alternativesources of capital to fund our proposed capital expenditures, take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures. As a result, we mayseek to sell additional equity securities, debt securities, or borrow from lending institutions. Any issuance of equity securities could cause dilution for ourstockholders. Any incurrence of indebtedness could increase our debt service obligations and cause us to be subject to restrictive operating and financecovenants. Our ability to obtain external financing in the future is also subject to a number of uncertainties, including:●Our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;●general market conditions for financing activities by companies in our industry;●economic, political and other conditions in China and elsewhere; and●uncertain economic prospect and tightened credit markets resulting from the recent global economic slowdown and financial market crisis.If we are unable to obtain funding in a timely manner or on commercially acceptable terms, or at all, our growth prospects and future profitability may be materiallyadversely affected. Adverse changes in the capital markets could make it difficult to obtain capital or obtain it at attractive rates.Our past results may not be indicative of our future performance and evaluating our business and prospects may be difficult.Our business has gone through various stages of the business life cycle in recent years as demonstrated by our growth in net sales, which reached $99.6 million forthe year ended December 31, 2013, while in 2014 our net sales decreased by 40% to $58.8 million and in year 2015 net sales went up slightly by 4.3% to $61.3 million,our net sales decreased by 32.8% to $41.2 million in 2016, net sales decreased 42% to $23.8 million in 2017 and net sales further decreased 22% to $18.53 million in2018. The decrease in sales in 2016, 2017 and 2018 as compared with 2013 was mainly due to the slowdown of the Chinese economic growth and a challenging retailenvironment. As a result, we cannot assure that we will be able to achieve similar growth in future periods as recent years before 2014, and our historical operatingresults may not provide a meaningful basis for evaluating our business, financial performance and prospects. Moreover, our ability to achieve satisfactoryproduction results at higher volumes is unproven. Therefore, you should not rely on our past results or our historical rate of growth as an indication of our futureperformance.We experience fluctuations in operating results.Our annual and quarterly operating results have fluctuated, and are expected to continue to fluctuate. Among the factors that may cause our operating results tofluctuate are customers’ response to merchandise offerings, the timing of the rollout of new sales outlets, seasonal variations in sales, the timing of merchandisereceipts, the level of merchandise returns, changes in merchandise mix and presentation, our cost of merchandise, unanticipated operating costs, and other factorsbeyond our control, such as general economic conditions and actions of competitors.We have historically experienced seasonal fluctuations in our sales. A substantial portion of our revenues are typically earned during the second and fourthquarters and we generally experience lowest revenues during the first and third quarters. If sales during the second and fourth quarters are lower than expected, ouroperating results would be adversely affected, and it would have a disproportionately large impact on our annual operating results. The sales of our products arealso affected by local spending behavior, which are typically affected by seasonal shopping patterns during major Chinese holidays.7Table of ContentsAs a result of these factors, we believe that periodtoperiod comparisons of historical and future results will not necessarily be meaningful and should not be reliedon as an indication of future performance.Our failure to collect the trade receivables or untimely collection could affect our liquidity.Our distributors place advance purchase orders twice a year. From 2015 to 2018, we typically expect and receive payment within 30180 days of product delivery. Inaddition, approximately 83.2% of accounts receivables are within a 180 days credit term. Starting in September 2015, we extended credit to some of our customers to150180 days without requiring collaterals. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of the financial condition of our customers and we generally require no collateralfrom our distributors and authorized retailers to secure their payment obligations. However, our sales going forward may rely more heavily on credit, and if weencounter future problems collecting amounts due from our clients or if we experience delays in the collection of amounts due from our clients, our liquidity could benegatively affected.The Chinese economy experienced a softening of economic growth, and the apparel industry is also facing a downturn. The impact of the current and possiblefuture economic downturn on our distributors cannot be predicted and may be severe, causing a significant impact on their business. As a result, our financialcondition and result of operations could be negatively affected. In addition, if they cannot continue their orders of our products due to the failure of paying us forits previous purchases, our brand image and reputation may be materially negatively affected as well.We rely on distributors for a substantial portion of our sales and the loss of any of our large distributors would harm our business. A substantial portion of our sales are made to distributors that resell our products. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, distributors accounted forapproximately 67% and 73% of our total sales, respectively, and our top five distributors accounted for approximately 23.8% and 34.8% of our total sales,respectively. The marketing efforts of our distributors are critical for our success. If we fail to attract additional distributors, and our existing distributors do notpromote our products at the same or at a greater level than the products of our competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could beadversely affected.Furthermore, there is no assurance that any of our distributors will satisfy the sales targets set forth in their distribution agreements and we or they may not wish torenew the distribution agreements in future years. Moreover, our distributors are not obliged to continue to place orders with the Company at the same level asbefore or at all and there is no assurance that we would be able to obtain orders from other distributors to replace any such lost sales on terms satisfactory to us orall. If any of our largest distributors substantially reduces its purchases from us, or otherwise fails to renew its distribution agreement with us, we may suffer asignificant loss of sales and our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We have limited control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhereto, or fail to cause the third party retail outlet operators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.We rely on the contractual obligations set forth in the distribution agreements that we enter into with our distributors, as well as policies and standards we formulatefrom time to time, to impose our retail policies on these distributors in respect of the franchisee retail outlets. In addition, as we do not enter into any agreementswith the third party retail outlet operators, we rely on our distributors to ensure that these franchisee retail outlets operate in accordance with our retail policies. Assuch, our control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and the franchisee retail outlet operators is limited. There is no assurance that our distributors orthe third party franchisee retail outlet operators will comply with, or that the distributors will enforce, our retail policies. As a result, we may not be able to effectivelymanage our sales network or maintain a uniform brand image, and cannot assure you that franchisee retail outlets would continue to offer quality services toconsumers.8Table of ContentsIn addition, if any of the distributors or third party franchisee retail outlet operators experiences difficulties in selling our products in the retail market, they mayattempt to disregard our pricing policies and liquidate their excessive inventory buildup through aggressive discounts, which may damage the image and the valueof our brand. There is no assurance that we will be able to, in a timely manner, impose penalties on or replace any distributors who consistently fail to comply with,or fail to cause the third party franchisee retail outlet operators appointed by them to comply with, our retail policies in their operation of franchisee retail outlets. Insuch event, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We may not be able to accurately track the inventory levels at our distributors, retailers or department store concessions.Our ability to track the sales by our distributors to thirdparty retailers and the ultimate retail sales by the retailers, and consequently their respective inventorylevels, is limited. We implement a policy to require our distributors to provide us with their sales reports on a weekly basis and we carry out random onsiteinspections of our distributors to track their inventories. The purpose of tracking the inventory level is mainly to gather information regarding the market acceptanceof our products so that we can reflect consumers’ preferences in the design and development of our products for the next season. The tracking of inventory levelalso helps us to understand the market recognition of our products in a particular region, and thus allows us to adjust our marketing strategy if necessary. Theimplementation of the policy, however, requires the distributors to accurately report the relevant data to us in a timely manner, which is largely dependent on thecooperation of the Company’s distributors. We may not always obtain the required data in time and the data provided to us by our distributors may be inaccurate orincomplete.Inaccurate, mistaken, incomplete or delayed data regarding inventory levels may mislead the Company to make wrong business judgments for its production,marketing efforts and sales strategies. If that happens, our operations and financial results may be materially adversely affected. In addition, if we cannot manageinventory levels properly, future orders of our products may be reduced, which would materially adversely affect our future business, financial condition, results ofoperation and prospects.Our operations could be materially adversely affected if we fail to effectively manage our relationships with, or lose the services of, our OEM contractmanufacturers.The production of our brand name products are 100% outsourced to PRCbased thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2018 and2017 we had 5 and 6 contract manufacturers, respectively. Purchases from our top five OEM contract manufacturers accounted for approximately 92% and 88.6% ofour total purchases for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As we do not enter into longterm contracts with our OEM contractmanufacturers, they may decide not to accept our future OEM orders on the same or similar terms, or at all. If an OEM contract manufacturer decides to substantiallyreduce its volume of supply to us or to terminate its business relationship with us, we may not be able to find a proper replacement in a timely manner and may beforced to default on the agreements with our distributors that sell our products. This may negatively impact our revenues and adversely affect our reputation andrelationships with our distributors that sell our products, causing a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.Further, if any of our OEM contract manufacturers fails to provide the required number of products meeting our quality standards, we may have to delay delivery ofproducts to our distributors, become unable to supply products at all, or even recall products previously dispatched. This could cause the Company to loserevenues or market share and damage our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operationsand prospects. In addition, some OEM contract manufacturers may not fully comply with certain laws, such as labor and environmental laws. If any of our OEMcontract manufacturers is found to have violated laws and regulations in the PRC, media reports on such violations may negatively affect our reputation and image,resulting in material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.9Table of ContentsWhile we provide the designs of our products to the OEM contract manufacturers, as well as guidance for manufacturing the products ordered by us, we do nothave direct control over the OEM contract manufacturers. If any of them is involved in unauthorized production and sale of goods using the KBS brand, ourreputation, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.As the Company grows, our reliance on OEM contract manufacturers may also grow as our added production capacity may not be sufficient to keep pace with theincreased production requirements driven by our growth. We may not be able to find sufficient additional OEM contract manufacturers to produce our products onthe same or similar terms as our existing OEM contract manufacturers, and we may not be able to achieve our growth and development goals.Any interruption in our operations could impair our financial performance and negatively affect our brand. Our operations are complicated and integrated, involving the coordination of thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers and external distribution processes. Whilethese operations are modified on a regular basis in an effort to improve outsourcing and distribution efficiency and flexibility, we may experience difficulties incoordinating the various aspects of our operations processes, thereby causing downtime and delays. In addition, we may encounter interruption in our operationsprocesses due to a catastrophic loss or events beyond our control, such as fires, explosions, labor disturbances or violent weather conditions. Any interruptions inour operations or capabilities at our facilities could result in our inability to procure our products, which would reduce our net sales and earnings for the affectedperiod. If there are delays in delivery times to our customers, our business and reputation could be severely affected. Any significant delays in deliveries to ourcustomers could lead to increased returns or cancellations and cause the Company to lose future sales. The Company currently does not have business interruptioninsurance to offset these potential losses, delays and risks so a material interruption of our business operations could severely damage our business.We rely heavily on our management information system for inventory management, distribution and other functions. If our system fail to perform thesefunctions adequately or if we experience an interruption in our operation, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. The efficient operation of our business is dependent on our management information systems. We rely heavily on our management information systems to manageour order entry, order fulfillment, pricing, pointofsale and inventory replenishment processes. We cannot assure you that our management information system will operate properly or without interruption. Any malfunction to any part or all of our managementinformation system for a prolonged period may cause delays in operations or impairment of our overall business efficiency. We also cannot ensure that the level ofsecurity currently maintained will be sufficient to protect the system from third party intrusions, viruses, lost or stolen data, or similar situations. Additionally, aspart of our growth and development strategy over the next few years, we plan to upgrade and improve our management information system. We cannot assure youthat there will be no interruptions to our management information system during the upgrades or that the new management information system will be able tointegrate fully with the existing information system. The failure of our management information system to perform as we anticipate could disrupt our business and could result in decreased revenue, increased overheadcosts and excess or outofstock inventory levels, causing our business and results of operations to suffer materially. Failure to protect the integrity, security and use of our customers’ information and media could expose us to litigation and materially damage our standingwith our customers. Increasing costs associated with information security — such as increased investment in technology, the costs of compliance with consumer protection laws andcosts resulting from consumer fraud — could cause our business and results of operations to suffer materially. While we have taken significant steps to protectcustomer and confidential information, including entering into confidentiality agreements with relevant employees and incorporate confidentiality clauses in ourpolicies, there can be no assurance that advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments will prevent thecompromise of our customer transaction processing capabilities and personal data. If any such compromise of our security were to occur, it could have a materialadverse effect on our reputation, operating results and financial condition. Any such compromise may materially increase the costs we incur to protect against suchinformation security breaches and could subject us to additional legal risk. Procurement specialists and managers are required to sign a confidentiality agreement. 10Table of ContentsWe have limited insurance coverage in China and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses. Operation of our facilities involves many risks, including equipment failures, natural disasters, industrial accidents, power outages, labor disturbances and otherbusiness interruptions. We do not carry any business interruption insurance, product recall or thirdparty liability insurance for our production facilities or withrespect to our products to cover claims pertaining to personal injury or property or environmental damage arising from defects in our products, product recalls,accidents on our property or damage relating to our operations. While business interruption insurance and other types of insurance are available to a limited extentin China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of such insurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commerciallyreasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Therefore, our existing insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all risks associatedwith our business. As a result, we may be required to pay for financial and other losses, damages and liabilities, including those caused by natural disasters andother events beyond our control, out of our own funds, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our inability to protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights may prevent us from successfully marketing our products and competingeffectively. We believe our trademarks and other intellectual property rights are important to our success and competitive position and recognize the importance of registeringthe trademarks related to our KBS brand for protection against infringement. We currently hold two registered trademarks. Failure to protect our intellectual propertycould harm our brand and our reputation, and adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. Further, enforcing or defending our intellectual property rights,including our trademarks, patents, copyrights and trade secrets, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. We produce, marketand sell our products under registered trademarks. We regard our intellectual property, particularly our trademarks and trade secrets to be of considerable value andimportance to our business and our success. We rely on a combination of trademark, patent, and trade secrecy laws, and contractual provisions to protect ourintellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect these proprietary rights will be adequate or that third parties will notinfringe or misappropriate our trademarks, trade secrets or similar proprietary rights. In addition, there can be no assurance that other parties will not assertinfringement claims against us, and we may have to pursue litigation against other parties to assert our rights. Any such claim or litigation could be costly, and wemay lack the resources required to defend against such claims. In addition, any event that would jeopardize our proprietary rights or any claims of infringement bythird parties could have a material adverse effect on our ability to market or sell our brands, and profitably exploit our products.Environmental regulations impose substantial costs and limitations on our operations. We use chemicals and produce significant emissions in our manufacturing operations. As such, we are subject to various national and local environmental laws andregulations in China concerning issues such as air emissions, wastewater discharges, and solid waste management and disposal. These laws and regulations canrestrict or limit our operations and expose us to liability and penalties for noncompliance. While we believe that our facilities are in material compliance with allapplicable environmental laws and regulations, the risks of substantial unanticipated costs and liabilities related to compliance with these laws and regulations arean inherent part of our business. It is possible that future conditions may develop, arise or be discovered that create new environmental compliance or remediationliabilities and costs. While we believe that we can comply with existing environmental legislation and regulatory requirements and that the costs of compliance havebeen included within budgeted cost estimates, compliance may prove to be more limiting and costly than anticipated.We may be unable to establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, and, as a result, we may be unable to accuratelyreport our financial results or prevent fraud.We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities law. The SEC as required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (“SOX 404”), adoptedrules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal control over financial reporting in its annual report, which mustalso contain management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, the independent registered publicaccounting firm auditing the financial statements of a company that is not a nonaccelerated filer under Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act must also attest to theoperating effectiveness of the company’s internal controls.11Table of ContentsFailure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could result in our inability to accurately report our financial results, prevent or detect fraudor provide timely and reliable financial and other information pursuant to the reporting obligations we have as a public company, which could have a materialadverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, it could cause our investors to lose confidence in the information we report,which could adversely affect our stock price.RISKS RELATED TO DOING BUSINESS IN CHINAOur business operation may be affected if we are forced to relocate our manufacturing facilities and stores.We leased the premises for our office located in Shishi and one corporate store. However, none of our lease agreements have been registered with the relevantgovernmental agencies. According to our PRC legal counsel, without registration, our rights to use and occupy the premises may not be secured if any third partiessuch as other tenants who have registered their lease agreements challenge us under PRC law. Moreover, while we have taken various measures to verify theownership of property such as checking utility bills and search government records, most of our landlords have declined to confirm whether they possess theproperty ownership certificates and land use rights certificates for our properties. As a result, we have been unable to verify whether third parties may assert theirownership rights under PRC law against most of our landlords or challenge most of our leases in the future. If our rights to use the premises are challenged, we maybe forced to relocate to other premises. We may not be able to relocate to a suitable premise promptly or lease alternative premises on terms at least as favorable asour existing ones. In addition, relocation costs and interruption of production may have a material adverse effect on our business operation and financialperformance.Changes in the economic and political policies of the PRC government could have a material and adverse effect on our business and operations.We conduct substantially all our business operations in China. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are significantly dependenton economic and political developments in China. China’s economy differs from the economies of developed countries in many aspects, including the level ofdevelopment, growth rate and degree of government control over foreign exchange and allocation of resources. While China’s economy has experienced significantgrowth in the past 30 years, the growth has been uneven across different regions and periods and among various economic sectors in China. We cannot assure youthat China’s economy will continue to grow, or that if there is growth, such growth will be steady and uniform, or that if there is a slowdown, such slowdown will nothave a negative effect on its business and results of operations.The PRC government exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, control over payment of foreign currencydenominated obligations, implementation of monetary policy, and preferential treatment of particular industries or companies. Certain measures adopted by the PRCgovernment may restrict loans to certain industries, such as changes in the statutory deposit reserve ratio and lending guidelines for commercial banks by thePeople’s Bank of China, or PBOC. These current and future government actions could materially affect our liquidity, access to capital, and ability to operate ourbusiness.The global financial markets experienced significant disruptions in 2008 and the United States, Europe and other economies went into recession. Since 2012, growthof the Chinese economy has slowed. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources.Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy but may also have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operation could bematerially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, any stimulusmeasures designed to boost the Chinese economy, may contribute to higher inflation, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.See “Risks Related to Doing Business in China Future inflation in China may inhibit our ability to conduct business in China.”12Table of ContentsUncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the legal protections available to you and us.We conduct substantially all of our business through our operating subsidiaries in the PRC. Our operating subsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulationsapplicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws applicable to foreigninvested enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes, andprior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, a series of new PRC laws and regulations have significantlyenhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, since the PRC legal system continues to evolve rapidly, theinterpretations of many laws, regulations, and rules are not always uniform, and enforcement of these laws, regulations, and rules involve uncertainties, which maylimit legal protections available to you and us. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources andmanagement attention. In addition, most of our executive officers and directors are residents of China and not of the United States, and substantially all the assets ofthese persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it could be difficult for investors to affect service of process in the United States or to enforce ajudgment obtained in the United States against our Chinese operations and subsidiaries.You may have difficulty enforcing judgments against us.Most of our assets are located outside of the United States and most of our current operations are conducted in the PRC. In addition, most of our directors andofficers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons is located outside the UnitedStates. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce inU.S. courts judgments on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, most of whom are not residents inthe United States and the substantial majority of whose assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts ofthe PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts. Our counsel as to PRC law has advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgmentsare provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. Courts in China may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRCCivil Procedures Law based on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have anytreaties or other arrangements that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments with the United States. In addition, according to thePRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violatesbasic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security, or the public interest. So, it is uncertain whether a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by acourt in the United States.The PRC government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities.The PRC government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and stateownership. Our ability to operate in China may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, import and export tariffs,environmental regulations, land use rights, property, and other matters. We believe that our operations in China are in material compliance with all applicable legaland regulatory requirements. However, the central or local governments of the jurisdictions in which we operate may impose new, stricter regulations orinterpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations orinterpretations.Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision not to continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more centrally plannedeconomy or regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant effect on economic conditions in China or particularregions thereof and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then hold in Chinese properties or joint venturesRestrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our sales effectively. The majority of our sales will be settled in RMB and U.S. dollars, and any future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit our ability to use revenue generated inRMB to fund any future business activities outside China or to make dividend or other payments in U.S. dollars. Although the Chinese government introducedregulations in 1996 to allow greater convertibility of the RMB for current account transactions, significant restrictions still remain, including primarily the restrictionthat foreigninvested enterprises may only buy, sell or remit foreign currencies after providing valid commercial documents, at those banks in China authorized toconduct foreign exchange business. In addition, conversion of RMB for capital account items, including direct investment and loans, is subject to governmentalapproval in China, and companies are required to open and maintain separate foreign exchange accounts for capital account items. We cannot be certain that theChinese regulatory authorities will not impose more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of the RMB in the future.13Table of ContentsFluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.The value of our securities will be indirectly affected by the foreign exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and RMB and between those currencies and othercurrencies in which our sales may be denominated. Appreciation or depreciation in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial resultsreported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations. Fluctuations in the exchange rate will alsoaffect the relative value of any dividend we issue that will be exchanged into U.S. dollars, as well as earnings from, and the value of, any U.S. dollardenominatedinvestments we make in the future.Since July 2005, the RMB has no longer been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Since then the RMB has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly andunpredictably, and in recent years the RMB has depreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progresstowards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate systemand there is no guarantee that the RMB will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how marketforces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future.Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedgingtransactions. While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited, and we may not beable to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition, our foreign currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrictour ability to convert RMB into foreign currencies. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends and other distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you, and otherwise fund and conduct our business. Substantially all of our sales are earned by our PRC subsidiaries. However, PRC regulations restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make dividends and otherpayments to their offshore parent companies. PRC legal restrictions permit payments of dividends by our PRC subsidiaries only out of their accumulated aftertaxprofits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are also required under PRC laws and regulations toallocate at least 10% of their annual aftertax profits determined in accordance with PRC GAAP to a statutory general reserve fund until the amounts in said fundreaches 50% of their registered capital. Allocations to these statutory reserve funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not transferable to us in the formof loans, advances, or cash dividends. Any limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to transfer funds to us could materially and adversely limit our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends and otherwise fund and conduct our business.PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary toliability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital ordistribute profits.SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing andRoundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as “SAFECircular 75” promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of the SAFE in connection with theirdirect establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets orequity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a “special purpose vehicle.” SAFE Circular 37 furtherrequires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capitalcontributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in aspecial purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profitdistributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent crossborder foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted inits ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described abovecould result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for theForeign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015 by SAFE, local banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration foroverseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under SAFE Circular 37 from June 1, 2015.14Table of ContentsAccording to SAFE Circular 37, our shareholders or beneficial owners, who are PRC residents, are subject to SAFE Circular 37 or other foreign exchangeadministrative regulations in respect of their investment in our company. We have notified substantial beneficial owners of ordinary shares who we know are PRCresidents of their filing obligations. Nevertheless, we may not be aware of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. We do not havecontrol over our beneficial owners and there can be no assurance that all of our PRCresident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE Circular 37 and subsequentimplementation rules, and there is no assurance that the registration under SAFE Circular 37 and any amendment will be completed in a timely manner, or will becompleted at all. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their foreign exchange registrations in a timely manner pursuant toSAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with theregistration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to fines andlegal sanctions. Such failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiary and limitour PRC subsidiary’s ability to distribute dividends to our company. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and resultsof operations.Furthermore, SAFE Circular 37 is unclear how this regulation, and any future regulation concerning offshore or crossborder transactions, will be interpreted,amended and implemented by the relevant PRC government authorities, and we cannot predict how these regulations will affect our business operations or futurestrategy. Failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRCsubsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to us. These risks could in the future have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results ofoperations.We may be unable to complete a business combination transaction efficiently or on favorable terms due to complicated merger and acquisition regulationswhich became effective on September 8, 2006.On August 9, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the China Securities Regulatory Commission, promulgated the Regulation on Mergers and Acquisitionsof Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006, and was subsequently amended in 2009. This regulation, among otherthings, governs the approval process of a PRC company’s participation in an acquisition of assets or equity interests. Depending on the structure of the transaction,the regulation requires the PRC parties to make a series of applications and supplemental applications to the government agencies for approval of acquisition ofassets or equity interests from other entity. In some instances, the application process may require a presentation of economic data concerning the transaction,including appraisals of the target business and evaluations of the acquirer, which are designed to allow the government to assess viability of the transaction.Government approvals will have expiration dates, by which a transaction must be completed and reported to the government agencies. Compliance with theregulation is likely to be more time consuming and expensive than it was in the past, and provides the government more controls over business combination of twoenterprises. As a result, our ability to engage in business combination transactions has become significantly more complicated, time consuming, and expensive. Wemay not be able to negotiate a transaction that is acceptable to our stockholders or sufficiently protect their interests in a transaction.The regulation allows PRC governmental agencies to assess the economic terms of a business combination transaction. Parties to a business combinationtransaction may have to submit to MOFCOM and other relevant government agencies an appraisal report, an evaluation report, and the acquisition agreement, all ofwhich were a part of the application for approval, depending on the structure of the transaction. The regulation also prohibits a transaction with an acquisition priceobviously lower than the appraised value of the PRC business or assets and in certain transaction structures, and requires consideration being paid within a definedperiod, generally not in excess of a year. The regulation also limits our ability to negotiate various terms of the acquisition, including the initial consideration,contingent consideration, holdback provisions, indemnification provisions, and provisions related to the assumption and allocation of assets and liabilities.Transaction structures involving trusts, nominees and similar entities are prohibited. Therefore, such regulation may impede our ability to negotiate and complete abusiness combination transaction on financial terms that satisfy our investors and protect our stockholders’ economic interests.15Table of ContentsPRC regulation of loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion mayrestrict or prevent us from using the proceeds of our future financings to make loans to our PRC subsidiaries, or to make additional capital contributions toour PRC subsidiary.We, as an offshore holding company, are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC subsidiary, which are treated as foreigninvestedenterprises under PRC laws, through loans or capital contributions. However, loans by us to any PRC subsidiary to finance its activities cannot exceed statutorylimits and must be registered with the local counterpart of SAFE and capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary are subject to the requirement of making necessaryfilings in the Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System, and registration with other governmental authorities in China.SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital ofForeigninvested Enterprises, or Circular 19, effective on June 1, 2015, in replacement of the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvementof the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign Invested Enterprises, or Circular 142, the Notice from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Exchange Businesses, or Circular 59, and theCircular on Further Clarification and Regulation of the Issues Concerning the Administration of Certain Capital Account Foreign Exchange Businesses, orCircular 45. According to Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of a foreigninvestedcompany is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans, the repayment of interenterprise loans or the repayment ofbank loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of aforeign invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within the PRC, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFEwill permit such capital to be used for equity investments in the PRC in actual practice. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, whichreiterates some of the rules set forth in Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registeredcapital of a foreigninvested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to grant loans to nonassociated enterprises.Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. Circular 19 and Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer anyforeign currency we hold, including the net proceeds from our future financings, to our PRC subsidiary, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability tofund and expand our business in the PRC.Due to the restrictions imposed on loans in foreign currencies extended to any PRC domestic companies, we are not likely to make such loans to any of our PRCsubsidiaries. Meanwhile, we are not likely to finance the activities of our subsidiaries by means of capital contributions given the restrictions on foreign investmentin the businesses that are currently conducted by our subsidiaries.In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannotassure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, withrespect to future loans to our PRC subsidiary or any consolidated variable interest entity or future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiary. As a result,uncertainties exist as to our ability to provide prompt financial support to our PRC subsidiaries when needed. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain suchapprovals, our ability to use foreign currency, including the proceeds we received from our future financings, and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operationsmay be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.16Table of ContentsAny failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal oradministrative sanctions.Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas nonpubliclylisted companies may submit applications to SAFE orits local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. In the meantime, our directors, executive officers andother employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year, subject to limitedexceptions, and who have been granted restricted shares, options or restricted share units, or RSUs, by us or our overseas listed subsidiaries may follow the Noticeon Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company,issued by SAFE in February 2012, to apply for the foreign exchange registration. According to those regulations, employees, directors and other managementmembers participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC citizens residing in China for acontinuous period of not less than one year, subject to limited exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which may be aPRC subsidiary of the overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines andlegal sanctions and may also limit their ability to make payment under the relevant equity incentive plans or receive dividends or sales proceeds related thereto inforeign currencies, or our ability to contribute additional capital into our domestic subsidiaries in China and limit our domestic subsidiaries’ ability to distributedividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties under PRC law that could restrict our ability or the ability of our overseas listed subsidiaries to adoptadditional equity incentive plans for our directors and employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period ofnot less than one year, subject to limited exceptions.In addition, the State Administration of Taxation has issued circulars concerning employee share options, restricted shares or RSUs. Under these circulars,employees working in the PRC who exercise share options, or whose restricted shares or RSUs vest, will be subject to PRC individual income tax. The PRCsubsidiaries of an overseas listed company have obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authoritiesand to withhold individual income taxes of those employees related to their share options, restricted shares or RSUs. If the employees fail to pay, or the PRCsubsidiaries fail to withhold, their income taxes according to relevant laws, rules and regulations, the PRC subsidiaries may face sanctions imposed by the taxauthorities.Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a “resident enterprise” of China. Such classification will likely result in unfavorable taxconsequences to us and our nonPRC shareholders.On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress of China passed a new Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law. On November 28, 2007, the State Council ofChina passed its implementing rules, which took effect on January 1, 2008. Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto managementbodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise,” meaning that it can be treated in a manner similar to a Chinese enterprise for enterprise income taxpurposes. The implementing rules of the EIT Law define de facto management as “substantial and overall management and control over the production andoperations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise.On April 22, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice Concerning Relevant Issues Regarding Cognizance of Chinese Investment ControlledEnterprises Incorporated Offshore as Resident Enterprises. According to the Criteria of de facto Management Bodies, or the Notice, further interprets the applicationof the EIT Law and its implementation nonChinese enterprise or group controlled offshore entities. Pursuant to the Notice, an enterprise incorporated in an offshorejurisdiction and controlled by a Chinese enterprise or group will be classified as a “nondomestically incorporated resident enterprise” if (i) its senior management incharge of daily operations reside or perform their duties mainly in China; (ii) its financial or personnel decisions are made or approved by bodies or persons in China;(iii) its substantial assets and properties, accounting books, corporate chops, board and shareholder minutes are kept in China; and (iv) at least half of its directorswith voting rights or senior management often resident in China. A resident enterprise would be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on its worldwideincome and must pay a withholding tax at a rate of 10%, when paying dividends to its nonPRC shareholders. However, it remains unclear as to whether the Notice isapplicable to an offshore enterprise incorporated by a Chinese natural person, nor detailed measures on imposition of tax from nondomestically incorporatedresident enterprises are available. Therefore, it is unclear how tax authorities will determine tax residency based on the facts of each case.17Table of ContentsWe may be deemed to be a resident enterprise by Chinese tax authorities. If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for the PRCenterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on financingproceeds and nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although, under the EIT Law and its implementingrules, dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued a guidance with respect to the processingof outbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for the PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidanceissued with respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation, which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to ournonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC stockholders from transferring our shares.Our failure to fully comply with PRC laws relating to social insurance and housing accumulation fund may expose it to potential administrative penalties. The PRC laws and regulations require all employers in China to fully contribute their own portion to the social insurance and housing accumulation funds for theiremployees within a certain period of time. Failure to do so may expose the employers to make rectification for the unpaid contributions by the relevant laborauthority. As of the date of this report, Hongri PRC has not paid housing accumulation funds for its employees. In addition, Hongri PRC failed to make contributions to thesocial insurance in full amount for its employees before 2014. PRC governmental authorities may impose penalties on Hongri PRC for failure to comply. In addition, inthe event that any current or former employee files a complaint with the PRC government, Hongri PRC may be subject to making up the contributions to the socialinsurance and housing accumulation funds as well as paying administrative fines. The total cost of these contributions and any related fines or penalties could besignificant and could have a material adverse effect on our working capital. We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Chinese anticorruption laws, and any determination that we violated these lawscould have a material adverse effect on our business. We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act, or FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and theirofficials and political parties by U.S. persons and issuers as defined by the statute, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have operations,agreements with third parties, and make most of our sales in China. The PRC also strictly prohibits bribery of government officials. Our activities in China create therisk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company, even though they may not alwaysbe subject to our control. It is our policy to implement safeguards to discourage these practices by our employees. However, our existing safeguards and any futureimprovements may prove to be less than effective, and the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company may engage in conduct for whichwe might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA or Chinese anticorruption laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to otherliabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the U.S. government may seek to hold our Companyliable for successor liability FCPA violations committed by companies in which we invest or that we acquire. If we become directly subject to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.listed Chinese companies, we may have to expendsignificant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations, stock price and reputation, and could result in a loss ofyour investment in our stock, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favorably. In the past few years, U.S. publicly traded companies that have substantially all of their operations in China, particularly companies like us have been the subject ofintense scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators, and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism,and negative publicity has centered around financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, lacking effective internal controls over financial accounting,inadequate corporate governance policies or lacking of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, criticism, and negativepublicity, the publicly traded stocks of many U.S. listed Chinese companies have sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, have become virtually worthless.Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions, and are conducting internal and external investigations into theallegations. It is not clear the effect of this sectorwide scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity will have on our Company, our business, and our stock price. If webecome the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources toinvestigate such allegations defending our Company. This situation will be costly, time consuming, and distract our management from growing our company.18Table of ContentsThe disclosures in our reports and other filings with the SEC and our other public pronouncements will not be subject to the scrutiny of any regulatory bodiesin the PRC. Accordingly, our public disclosure should be reviewed in light of the fact that no governmental agency that is located in China where all of ouroperations and business are located have conducted any due diligence on our operations or reviewed or cleared any of our disclosure. Unlike public reporting companies whose operations are located primarily in the United States, however, all of our operations will be located in China. Since all of ouroperations and business takes place in China, it may be more difficult for the Staff of the SEC to overcome the geographic and cultural obstacles that are presentwhen reviewing our disclosure. These same obstacles are not present for similar companies whose operations or business take place entirely or primarily in theUnited States. Furthermore, our SEC reports and other disclosure and public pronouncements are not subject to the review or scrutiny of any PRC regulatoryauthority. For example, the disclosure in our SEC reports and other filings are not subject to the review of the CSRC, a PRC regulator that is tasked with oversight ofthe capital markets in China. Accordingly, you should review our SEC reports, filings and our other public pronouncements with the understanding that no localregulator has done any due diligence on our company and with the understanding that none of our SEC reports, other filings or any of our other publicpronouncements has been reviewed or otherwise been scrutinized by any local regulator. Proceedings instituted by the SEC against five PRCbased accounting firms could result in financial statements being determined to be not in compliance withthe requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.In December 2012, the SEC instituted proceedings under Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) of the SEC’s Rules of Practice against five PRCbased accounting firms alleging that thesefirms had violated U.S. securities laws and the SEC’s rules and regulations thereunder by failing to provide to the SEC the firms’ work papers related to their audits ofcertain PRCbased companies that are publicly traded in the United States. Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) grants to the SEC the authority to deny to any person, temporarily orpermanently, the ability to practice before the SEC who is found by the SEC, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, to have willfully violated, or willfully aidedand abetted the violation of, any such laws or rules and regulations. On January 22, 2014, an initial administrative law decision was issued, sanctioning four of theseaccounting firms and suspending them from practicing before the SEC for a period of six months. The sanction will not take effect until there is an order ofeffectiveness issued by the SEC. In February 2014, four of these PRCbased accounting firms filed a petition for review of the initial decision. In February 2015, eachof these four accounting firms agreed to a censure and to pay fine to the SEC to settle the dispute with the SEC. The settlement stays the current proceeding for fouryears, during which time the firms are required to follow detailed procedures to seek to provide the SEC with access to Chinese firms’ audit documents via the CSRC.If a firm does not follow the procedures, the SEC would impose penalties such as suspensions, or commence a new, expedited administrative proceeding against thenoncompliant firm or it could restart the administrative proceeding against all four firms.If our independent registered public accounting firm were denied, temporarily or permanently, the ability to practice before the SEC, and we are unable to find in atimely manner another registered public accounting firm which can audit and issue a report on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determinedto not be in compliance with the requirements for financial statements of public companies with a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the SEC’s revocation of the registration of our common stock under theExchange Act, which would cause the immediate delisting of our common stock from the NASDAQ Capital Market, and the effective termination of the tradingmarket for our common stock in the United States, which would likely have a significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.19Table of ContentsOur holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should we decide inthe future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depend upon the receipts of dividends or other payments fromour operating subsidiaries, other holdings, and investments. In addition, our operating subsidiaries, from time to time, may be subject to restrictions on their abilityto make distributions to us, including as a result of restrictive covenants in loan agreements, restrictions on the conversion of local currency into U.S. dollars orother hard currency, and other regulatory restrictions as discussed below. If future dividends are paid in RMB, fluctuations in the exchange rate for conversion ofRMB into U.S. dollars may reduce the amount received by the U.S. stockholders upon conversion of dividend payments into U.S. dollars.Chinese regulations currently permit the payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards andregulations. Our subsidiaries in China are also required to set aside a portion of their aftertax profits to fund certain reserve funds according to the Chineseaccounting standards and regulations. Currently, our subsidiaries in China are the only sources of revenues or investment holdings for the payment of dividends. Ifthey do not accumulate sufficient profits under Chinese accounting standards and regulations to satisfy certain reserve funds as required by the Chineseaccounting standards, we will be unable to pay any dividends.Aftertax profits/losses with respect to the payment of dividends from accumulated profits and the annual appropriation of aftertax profits as calculated pursuant tothe Chinese accounting standards and regulations do not result in significant differences as compared to aftertax earnings as presented in our financial statements.However, there are certain differences between PRC accounting standards and regulations and U.S. GAAP, arising from different treatment of items such asamortization of intangible assets and change in fair value of contingent consideration rising from business combinations.RISKS RELATED TO THIS OFFERING AND THE MARKET FOR OUR SECURITIES GENERALLYIf we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of NASDAQ, we would face possible delisting, which would result in a limited public market for ourshares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Our common stock is traded and listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “KBSF.” The common stock may be delisted if we fail to maintain certainNasdaq listing requirements. For instance, companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bidprice per share of $1.00 for 30 consecutive business days. On March 3, 2016, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the 30 consecutive businessdays between January 20, 2016 and March 2, 2016, the bid price of our common stock closed below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQListing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued inclusion on The NASDAQ Capital Market. In accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we had an initial graceperiod of 180 calendar days, or until August 30, 2016, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. After the Company effectuated a oneforfifteenreverse stock split of the outstanding common stock, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq on February 27, 2017 stating that because the Company maintainedthe closing bid price of its common stock at $1.00 per share or greater from February 9 to February 24, 2017, they determined that the Company has regainedcompliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement.We cannot ensure you that we will continue to comply with the requirements for continued listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If our commonstock is no longer listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market, our shares would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our shares could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, andsecurity analysts’ coverage of us may be reduced. In addition, in the event our shares are delisted, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed uponthem, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions in our shares, further limiting the liquidity of our shares. These factors could result in lowerprices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our shares. Such delisting from The NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our shareprice could also greatly impair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing, and could significantly increase the ownershipdilution to shareholders caused by our issuing equity in financing or other transactions.20Table of ContentsIf we were delisted from NASDAQ, we may become subject to the trading complications experienced by “Penny Stocks” in the overthecounter market.Delisting from NASDAQ may cause our shares of common stock to become the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. The SEC generally defines a penny stock as an equitysecurity that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. One such exemption is tobe listed on NASDAQ. The market price of our common stock is currently higher than $1.00 per share. However, because the daily trading volume in our commonstock is very low, significant price movement can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Therefore, were we to be delisted from NASDAQ,our common stock may become subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. These rules require, among other things, that any broker engaging in a purchase or sale ofour securities provide its customers with: (i) a risk disclosure document, (ii) disclosure of market quotations, if any, (iii) disclosure of the compensation of the brokerand its salespersons in the transaction and (iv) monthly account statements showing the market values of our securities held in the customer’s accounts. A brokerwould be required to provide the bid and offer quotations and compensation information before effecting the transaction. This information must be contained on thecustomer’s confirmation. Generally, brokers are less willing to effect transactions in penny stocks due to these additional delivery requirements. These requirementsmay make it more difficult for shareholders to purchase or sell our shares. Because the broker, not us, prepares this information, we would not be able to assure thatsuch information is accurate, complete or current.Trading in our shares over the last three months has been very limited, so our stock price is highly volatile, leading to the possibility that you may not be able tosell as much stock as you want at prevailing prices.Because approximately 70% of our then issued and outstanding shares of common stock was tendered in the tender offering closed on July 29, 2014, we currentlyhave a limited amount of shares eligible for public trading. The average daily trading volume in our common stock over the last three months is very limited. If limitedtrading in our common stock continues, it may be difficult for investors to sell their shares in the public market at any given time at prevailing prices. Moreover, themarket price for shares of our common stock may be made more volatile because of the relatively low volume of trading in our common stock. When trading volumeis low, significant price movement of our common stock can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Volatility in our common stock couldcause stockholders to incur substantial losses.Numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly.There are numerous additional factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly. Thesefactors include:●our earnings releases, actual or anticipated changes in our earnings, fluctuations in our operating results or our failure to meet the expectations of financialmarket analysts and investors;●changes in financial estimates by us or by any securities analysts who might cover our shares;●speculation about our business in the press or the investment community;●significant developments relating to our relationships with our customers or suppliers;●stock market price and volume fluctuations of other publicly traded companies and, in particular, those that are in our industries;●customer demand for our products;●investor perceptions of our industry in general and our company in particular;●the operating and stock performance of comparable companies;●general economic conditions and trends;●major catastrophic events;●announcements by us or our competitors of new products, significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships or divestitures;●changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretation or principles;●loss of external funding sources;●sales of our shares, including sales by our directors, officers or significant shareholders; and●additions or departures of key personnel.21Table of ContentsSecurities class action litigation is often instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their share price. This type of litigation could result insubstantial costs to us and divert our management’s attention and resources. Moreover, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price andvolume fluctuations for reasons unrelated to operating performance of particular companies. For example, in July 2008, the securities markets in the United States,China and other jurisdictions experienced the largest decline in share prices since September 2001. These market fluctuations may adversely affect the price of ourshares and other interests in our company at a time when you want to sell your interest in us.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and do not anticipate paying any cashdividends on our shares. Accordingly, investors must be prepared to rely on sales of their shares after price appreciation to earn an investment return, which maynever occur. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our shares. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion ofour Board of Directors, and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable laws, and otherfactors our board deems relevant.Certain of our shareholders hold a significant percentage of our outstanding voting securities.Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, is the beneficial owner of approximately 37% of our outstanding voting securities. As a result, hepossesses significant influence and can elect a majority of our board of directors and authorize or prevent proposed significant corporate transactions. Hisownership and control may also have the effect of delaying or preventing a future change in control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other businesscombination or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer.Our outstanding warrants may adversely affect the market price of our shares of common stock.There are currently 393,836 warrants outstanding. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50. The sale orpossibility of sale of the shares underlying the warrants could have an adverse effect on the market price for our shares of common stock or our ability to obtainfuture financing. If and to the extent these warrants are exercised, you may experience dilution to your holdings.You will not be able to exercise your redeemable warrants if we do not have an effective registration statement and a prospectus in place when you desire to doso.No redeemable warrants will be exercisable, and we will not be obligated to issue shares of common stock upon exercise of redeemable warrants by a holder unless,at the time of such exercise, we have a registration statement or posteffective amendment under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuableupon the exercise of the redeemable warrants and a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Under the terms of a redeemable warrant agreementbetween American Stock Transfer & Trust Company as warrant agent, and us, we have agreed to use our best efforts to have a registration statement in effectcovering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants from the date the redeemable warrants become exercisable and to maintain acurrent prospectus relating to shares of common stock until the redeemable warrants expire or are redeemed, and to take such action as is necessary to qualify theshares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants for sale in those states in which the IPO was initially qualified. However, we cannotassure you that we will be able to do so. We may be unable to have a registration statement in effect covering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of theredeemable warrants or to maintain a current prospectus relating to such shares of common stock if, for example, we lack the current financial statements necessaryto be included in such registration statement or prospectus. We have no obligation to settle the redeemable warrants for cash, in any event, and the redeemablewarrants may not be exercised and we will not deliver securities therefor in the absence of an effective registration statement and a prospectus available for use. Theredeemable warrants may be deprived of any value, the market for the redeemable warrants may be limited if there is no registration statement in effect covering theshares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the redeemable warrants or the prospectus relating to the shares of common stock issuable upon the exerciseof the redeemable warrants is not current and the redeemable warrants may expire worthless. If you are unable to exercise or sell your redeemable warrants, you willhave paid the full unit price for only the shares of common stock underlying the units.22Table of ContentsHolders of warrants included in the placement units may exercise these warrants even if an effective registration statement and a prospectus is not in place,which means they may be able to exercise such warrants while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.Unlike the warrants underlying the units issued in connection with our IPO, the warrants included in the placement units will not be restricted from being exercisedin the absence of a registration statement under the Securities Act in effect covering the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the such warrantsand a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Therefore, the holders thereof will be able to exercise such warrants regardless of whether the issuanceof the underlying shares of common stock is registered under the Securities Act, while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.We are a “foreign private issuer” and have disclosure obligations that are different than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. Therefore, you should notexpect to receive the same information about us as a U.S. domestic reporting company may provide. Furthermore, if we or lose our status as a foreign privateissuer, we would be required to fully comply with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers and incur significantoperational, administrative, legal, and accounting costs that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer.We are a foreign private issuer. As a result, we are not subject to certain of the requirements imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the SEC. For example, we arenot required by the SEC or the federal securities laws to issue quarterly reports or file proxy statements with the SEC. We are also allowed to file our annual reportwith the SEC within four months of our fiscal year end. We are also not required to disclose certain detailed information regarding executive compensation that isrequired from U.S. domestic issuers. Further, our directors and executive officers are not required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Securities Act. Asa foreign private issuer, we are also exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups ofinvestors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. We are, however, still subject to the antifraud and antimanipulation rules ofthe SEC, such as Rule 10b5. Since many of the disclosure obligations required of us as a foreign private issuer are different than those required by U.S. domesticreporting companies, our shareholders should not expect to receive all of the same types of information about us and at the same time as information is receivedfrom, or provided by, U.S. domestic reporting companies. We are liable for violations of the rules and regulations of the SEC, which do apply to us as a foreignprivate issuer. Violations of these rules could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain NASDAQ corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. Thismay afford less protection to holders of our securities.We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. As a foreign private issuer,we are permitted to follow the governance practices of our home country, the Republic of the Marshall Islands in lieu of certain corporate governance requirementsof Nasdaq. As result, the standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not requiredto:●have a compensation committee and a nominating committee to be comprised solely of “independent directors; and●hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the Company’s fiscal yearend.As a result, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.Future sales or perceived sales of our shares of common stock could depress our stock price.As of the date of this report, we have 2,591,299 shares of common stock outstanding. Many of these shares will become eligible for sale in the public market, subjectto limitations imposed by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. If the holders of these shares were to attempt to sell a substantial amount of their holdings at once, themarket price of our common stock could decline. Moreover, the perceived risk of this potential dilution could cause shareholders to attempt to sell their shares andinvestors to short the common stock, a practice in which an investor sells shares that he or she does not own at prevailing market prices, hoping to purchase shareslater at a lower price to cover the sale. As each of these events would cause the number of shares of our common stock being offered for sale to increase, ourcommon stock market price would likely further decline. All of these events could combine to make it very difficult for us to sell equity or equityrelated securities inthe future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.23Table of ContentsHolders of our securities may face difficulties in protecting their interests because we are incorporated under the Republic of the Marshall Islands law.We are a company incorporated under the laws of the Marshall Islands, and almost all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, majority of ourdirectors and officers, and their assets, are located outside of the United States. As a result, you may have difficulty serving legal process within the United Statesupon us or any of these persons. You may also have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside the United States, judgments you may obtain in U.S. courts against usor these persons in any action, including actions based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal or state securities laws. You may also have difficultybringing an original action in the appropriate court of the Marshall Islands to enforce liabilities against us or any person based upon the U.S. federal securities laws.Provisions of our articles of incorporation may impede a takeover or make it more difficult for shareholders to change the direction or management of theCompany, which could reduce shareholders’ opportunity to influence management of the Company.Our articles of incorporation permit our board of directors to issue up to five million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 from time to time, with suchrights and preferences as they consider appropriate. These terms may include voting rights including the right to vote as a series on particular matters, preferencesas to dividends and liquidation, conversion rights and redemption rights provisions. The issuance of any preferred stock could reduce the value of our commonstock. In addition, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell assets to, a third party. Theability of the board of directors to issue preferred stock could make it more difficult, delay, discourage, prevent or make it more costly to acquire or effect a changeincontrol, which in turn could prevent shareholders from recognizing a gain in the event that a favorable offer is extended and could materially and negatively affectthe market price of our common stock.ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANYA.History and Development of the CompanyWe are a Republic of the Marshall Islands Company incorporated under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BDA”) on January 26, 2012. We wereoriginally organized under the name “Aquasition Corp.” for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, orsimilar acquisition transaction, one or more operating businesses or assets. The address of the Company’s principal executive office is Xingfengge Building,Baogaiyupu Industrial Park, Shishi City, Fujian Province of china.On March 24, 2014, we entered into a share exchange agreement and plan of liquidation (the “Exchange Agreement”), with KBS International, Hongri International, athen wholly owned subsidiary of KBS International and Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, each an individual and shareholder of KBS International (each, a“Principal Stockholder”). The Exchange Agreement was subsequently amended on June 21, 2014. The transactions contemplated in the Exchange Agreement (the“Share Exchange”) were closed on August 1, 2014. At the closing, we acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interest in Hongri International from KBSInternational. In exchange, we issued an aggregate of 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company to KBS International. In addition, on July 29, 2014, wecompleted a tender offer related to the Share Exchange and redeemed the 332,116 shares of common stock validly tendered and not withdrawn. Pursuant to theExchange Agreement, KBS International was liquidated and dissolved in August 2014 and the 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company were distributed toeach shareholder of KBS International according to their respective ownership of KBS International. As a result, following the consummation of the Share Exchange,we had a total of 1,694,489 shares of common stock outstanding.24Table of ContentsOn October 31, 2014, we held a special shareholder meeting and amended our Articles of Incorporation to change our name to KBS Fashion Group Limited.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.On March 29, 2016, we granted an aggregate of 73,334 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their past services in 2015 and future services to be provided in 2016.On July 10, 2017, we granted an aggregate of 215,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company as compensationsfor their services.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their services.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 registered shares of common stock pursuant to our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to our executive officers,directors and certain employees as compensations for their services.On March 29, 2019, our board of directors approved the issuance of 15,000 shares of common stock to our Investor Relationship firm as compensation for theirservices. The issuance of the shares was made in reliance on the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), for theoffer and sale of securities not involving a public offering, and Regulation S promulgated thereunder. None of the shares have been registered under the Act andneither may be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.25Table of ContentsCorporate StructureAll of our business operations are conducted through our PRC subsidiaries. The chart below presents our corporate structure as of the date of this report. The Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regardingissuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.Our web site address is http://www.kbsfashion.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of thisAnnual Report.Principal Capital Expenditures and DivestituresFor the year ended December 31, 2018, our total capital expenditures and divestitures were $nil. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, our total capitalexpenditures and divestitures were $849,199 and $45,445, respectively. Such expenditures were primarily used construction of production facility and purchasing fireprotection facility. Our operating cash flow mainly funded these capital expenditures.B.Business OverviewWe are a leading casual menswear company in China with a demonstrated track record of designing, marketing, and selling our own line of fashion menswear. Ourproducts include men’s apparel, footwear and accessories, primarily targeting urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 in the Tier II and Tier III cities in China.Tier II cities generally refer to major cities located in each province of China other than the capital city of such province. Tier III cities generally refer to countylevelcities in China. Tier III cities that we focus on are the national top 100 county cities identified by the State Statistics Bureau of China each year. These cities arecharacterized by higher GDP, higher disposable income, better education and better infrastructure as compared with other countylevel cities.26Table of ContentsOur apparel products include outerwear, knitwear, denim, tops, bottoms, accessories and footwear. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products,each year with a different theme to highlight the current trends in menswear for the season.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by the company and 40 franchised stores operated by 14 third party distributors or their subdistributors. The number of stores has grown from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017and 2016, sales through our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues respectively, and sales through distributors and whole sellersaccounted for 73%, 66.5% and 78% of our revenues, respectively. Total revenue from corporate stores sales for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $7.0million for 2017 and $5.53 million for 2016.From 2009 through 2018, total net sales decreased from $28.1 million to $18.53 million while the net profit decreased from $9.0 million to a net loss of $8 million.Our Competitive StrengthsWe believe that the following competitive strengths enable us to compete effectively in and capitalize on the growing casual menswear industry in China.●There is a sizable market for our products. We believe that we have a sizeable potential market. Our target customers are male middleclass consumers inthe 2040 age range. According to the national census in 2018, the population in China between 1659 yearsold was approximately 900 million. Our targetgroup falls into this category and is estimated to be more than 200 million people. As a result of the growing affluence in the PRC and increased purchasingpower of the PRC population, we believe that PRC consumers are becoming more willing and able to purchase casual menswear. In addition, we believe thatthe purchasing decision of PRC consumers is becoming more predicated upon brand image, product design and style, rather than just price considerations.With rising affluence and improvement in lifestyle, we also believe the overall Chinese population is generally growing more brand name conscious andstyle oriented and has shown a propensity for increased spending on casual menswear.●We have a strong focus on design and product development. We believe that our inhouse design and product development capabilities allow us to createunique products that appeal to our customers. We have established a strong inhouse design and product development team of 20 employees as of April26, 2019. Our team identifies new fashion trends by attending fashion shows and exhibitions as well as by drawing from creative ideas in magazines andother media. Each spring and fall, we carefully plan and create a new product line for our fall/winter and spring/summer collections of 727 SKU thatencompasses our full range of product offerings, including outerwear, tops, bottoms and accessories. We introduce new design elements into our productlines each season. With our highly skilled and creative team of designers, we have extensive experience in creating unique designs to meet the preferencesand needs of our target customer base.●Our trademarked brand has earned a following in China. Our brand was developed in 2006. Our marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design andmade for Chinese.” Our customers are middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range. We believe that their products’ concept, marketing, design andpackaging fully match with the prowestern attitude and life styles of their target customers. We believe the KBS brand is essential to our success topenetrate to the casual menswear market in China.●We have an extensive and wellmanaged nationwide distribution network. We have an extensive distribution network throughout China. As of December31, 2018, we had 1 KBS branded corporate stores and 32 franchised stores across 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. TheKBS branded corporate stores are required to sell only our products. We have been building up our selected distributor network since 2007. As ofDecember 31, 2018, we had 11 distributors operating 32 franchised stores. All of our distributors have been working with us from 1 to 10 years. We selectour distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry, sales channels, business resources, brand promotioncapabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. Our distributors help us respond to changing consumer tastes in a timelymanner by providing regular feedback on our products at our semiannual sales fairs and frequent communications. The financial resources of ourdistributors allow us to expand our retail network with less working capital investment from us than would be required for establishing direct stores, as ourdistributors are responsible for the store rentals and cost of inventory in their stores. We sold a substantial amount of our products through ourdistributors, which have allowed us to distribute our products to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge ofour distributors and their sub distributors. We believe that our distribution network has enabled us to expand our business and increase our salesefficiently and with less operational risk. This model has also minimized our operational risk because we typically start production after we receive ordersfrom our distributors. We believe that using a distribution network to sell a substantial amount of our KBS products has enabled us to devote ourresources to our core competitive strengths of design, brand management and product development.27Table of Contents●We have an experienced management team. Our management team has extensive R&D, marketing and financial experience, led by our Chief ExecutiveOfficer, Mr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has over 27 years of experience in the apparel industry and also has developed a differentiated product by internationalcooperation with a Korean designer. After working in the garment industry for more than 16 years, Mr. Yan acquired and developed the KBS brand. Withhis strong understanding of the apparel industry, Mr. Yan has successfully established this brand name in the market. We are committed to attract andretain top management level executives who we believe are and will continue to be the driving force behind our product development and growth.Our Growth StrategyWe intend to further strengthen our market position in the casual menswear market in China by implementing the following strategies:●We plan to expand our online business and purchase one or more online sales platforms or online stores. Together with the change in consumer trends,online sales is now the most important sales channel in Chinese market and is becoming increasingly important globally. Sales from our stores anddistributors have been steadily decreasing, and we are now in the process of identifying the best possible ways to establish and expand our onlinebusiness. We plan to research and purchase one or more online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that KBS will have better opportunities toexpand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores in year 2019, and the management of KBS will keep on exploring other areas and businessmodels, such as the use of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends. We consider that ourpolicy to expand our outreach using new technologies will add significant shareholder value.●We plan to expand our OEM sales by attracting more reputable and longterm clients. We just had the renewal of a framework sales contract with twomajor current customers: Hangzhou Zhi Yin Apparel Clothes Co., Ltd and Hangzhou Yiyuan Apparel Co., Ltd. These two sales contracts are expected togenerate approximately RMB 28 million in total, of which RMB 20 million relates to Hangzhou Ziyin of new 450,000 orders and RMB 8 million relates toHangzhou Yiyuan of new 160,000 orders for this year. We are also expanding our OEM business and to get more clients, especially to focus on onlineproviders, as they have expanded their market share over the past years quickly together with the change in Chinese consumer’s preferences and occupy alarge market share. By the time when we start executing the orders, we expect that we can have sustainable and increasing business.●We plan to invest in a Greece Based Private Smart Tech Apparel Company. We signed a letter of intent with Tribe, one of the most innovative smartclothing technology companies internationally. If the transaction is consummated, we conceive that this investment will enhance and expand significantlyour client network and products offering. The smart clothing market is expected to surpass the 2 trillion US dollars in size in 2019 and we believe we are wellpositioned to capture a part of this market in the wider region.28Table of Contents●We plan to continue to raise the profile of the KBS brand through enhanced advertising and promotional activities. We believe that the strongassociation of KBS brand with our concept of “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese” has helped drive our brand positioning and customers’receptivity to our products. We intend to further build our brand and deliver a consistent brand image from product design to sales and marketing. We seekto promote and enhance our presence in China’s casual menswear market by continuing to adopt proactive marketing strategies and produce high quality,well designed casual menswear for our target market. In particular, we aim to increase awareness of our brand through: (1) multichannel advertisingstrategies through national television, fashion magazines, billboards and other media channels; (2) further assisting our distributors’ regional advertisingefforts; (3) distinctive store and product launch campaigns, including special events for new product launches and largescale grand opening events fornew stores, particularly new corporate stores; (4) update of the decoration and layout of a number of existing stores which have been in operation for yearsto improve the shopping experience; (5) participation in fashion shows; and (6) sponsorships of selected highimpact events. We believe that theseadvertising and promotional activities will help to further strengthen brand awareness in our target market and enhance customer loyalty.●We plan to expand and build upon our design and product development capabilities. We intend to further strengthen our design and productdevelopment capabilities by accelerating the commercialization of design concepts, expanding our product offerings and continuing to develop what webelieve is unique casual menswear. We plan to further invest in design and product development and expand our design and product development team byattracting talented designers, either domestic or international, and training young graduates from leading fashion design institutes. We believe thatcombining western fashion design experience with our local designer’s understanding of the China market and aesthetic will enable us to create fashionableyet popular casual menswear for consumers in China. We also intend to cooperate with our suppliers to develop new materials and fabrics which we believewill give customers a unique fashion product and create new market opportunities. We believe that our focus on designing unique and quality casualmenswear will allow us to maintain our competitiveness and help to enhance our sales and overall profitability.●We plan to expand our production capacity to expand and diversify our product offerings. Our production facility is located in Taihu City, AnhuiProvince, China, consisting of total 110,557 square meters of land. Currently this facility has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per yearand can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famous sportswear producers, some successful onlinebrand stores and fulfill some overseas orders. The construction of our facility commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases: Phase 1 consists of theconstruction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We have completed theconstruction of facilities for Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Although we have the designed capacity of 5 million pieces yearly, the facilitycurrently may only produce 2 million pieces per year. Phase 3 construction has been delayed because the local government needs additional time toconclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 canbe continued. Phase 4 will include production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quarters and livingfacilities. Upon completion, the new facility is expected to have a production capacity of 20 million pieces and accommodate 5,000 workers. Please see“Production” below for a more complete explanation of our plans for the expansion of our production capacity. We anticipate that the new productionfacility will allow us to further refine our existing product lines by offering more styles within our existing apparel and accessories categories and tointroduce additional, complementary apparel and accessories categories into our product line. We currently introduce 500 to 900 different styles ofproducts each year and intend to increase the number of our product offerings in the future.●We plan to expand our international market and attract more orders from overseas. Starting from year 2016, we have been awarded international OEMorders for producing clothes with overseas brands. Such orders are usually large and continuous. Due to the completion of phase 2 construction of ourAnhui factory, we have enough production capacity to take on large orders. The current utilization rate of the Anhui factory is still quite low and we expectto invest more in attracting more large orders from overseas.The KBS BrandWe are engaged in a highly competitive industry in which brand image and recognition is critical to attracting customers to purchase our products. We haveadopted KBS as a uniform brand name and image for all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. The KBS brand was created byMs. Qinghua Ye in 2006 and registered with the trademark administration authority in 2008. Subsequently, Ms. Ye assigned the KBS trademark to Hongri PRC in2008. In 2009, Hongri PRC transferred this trademark to France Cock, which then licensed such trademark back to Hongri PRC. Based on our sharp rise in revenuesince 2006, we believe that the KBS brand has gained a following in the casual menswear market in the cities where our products are sold.29Table of ContentsTo promote our brand, we have developed and implemented brand management policies in all of our corporate stores and franchised stores. Our brand managementpolicies set out detailed requirements for store decorations and display of products. This enables us to project a consistent brand image. In addition, each season,our design and product development team develops display concepts, including the presentation of our collections in the stores and the color schemes for thebackdrops. We also work closely with our distributors to supervise the daily operations of franchised stores through unscheduled visits to ensure that our brandmanagement policies are properly followed.We may suspend the supply of our products or terminate distribution agreements in the event that any of our distributors or their subdistributors consistently failsto comply with our brand management policies.Our ProductsOur apparel products include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, socks and caps. In 2018, thesuggested retail prices of our products ranged from RMB 15 to RMB1,599 (approximately $2 to $237) for our apparel products and RMB178 to RMB1599(approximately $26 to $236) for our accessory products. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products, each year with a different theme tohighlight the current trends in menswear for the season.Our DesignWe believe one of our key strengths is our internal design and product development team, which designs products that reinforce our brand image. Major parts ofour products are designed by our internal design and product development team with the collaboration of Korean designers. As of December 31, 2018, our designand product development team consisted of 20 members, including one senior designer with over five years of working experience. Final design concepts areapproved by Mr. Keyan Yan, who has more than 27 years of experience in the industry. All of the other designers are graduates of professional design schools inChina. We believe that our design and product development team is innovative and passionate and that the individual experience of each of our designers helpsbring new and exciting products to our customers. Our design and product development team conceptualizes each season’s collections through an interactiveprocess, taking into account our brand strategy, product image and market feedback, drawing inspirations from domestic and international fashion trends andcollaborating with both our suppliers and distributors to finetune our designs. In particular, we collaborate with our suppliers to develop a variety of materials andfabrics for our products. We also involve distributors in our product selection process to take advantage of their market intelligence, which helps us to adapt toconstantly changing customer preferences in local markets. Our designers also attend various domestic and international fashion shows to keep abreast of the latestfashion trends.Starting from year 2015, design of our products comes from three channels. In addition to designing products by our inhouse staff, we outsource to certainreputable designers. From time to time, our ODMs also will directly sell their designed products to us.In a typical year, we design and make around 1,500 prototypes. After the initial product selection, internal cost analysis of approved prototypes and final selectionby distributors at the sales fairs, we eventually select approximately 750 designs for mass production. Final design of all of our products will be approved by ourChairman, Mr. Yan.Our Distribution NetworkWe have established a nationwide distribution network consisting of corporate stores and franchised stores covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrallyadministered municipalities.Corporate StoresAs of December 31, 2018, we owned and operated 1 corporate store with the floor area of approximately 120 square meters. As part of our corporate strategy, weclosed 17 corporate stores in last two years because of the low profitability of certain corporate stores. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, salesthrough our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues, respectively.30Table of ContentsWe directly own and operate our corporate store. This direct control enables us to have closer relationship with our ultimate customers and better understanding ofmarket trends and consumer preferences. Required capital for opening of each store depends on the location and area of the designated store. On average, therenovation cost per store is around $67,000 and the first year of rent payment is around $140,000 including premium paid to the previous owner. Rental period variesfrom two to five years. The total capital required to open a new store is generally around $207,000 per store. Once negotiation of rent is concluded, it takes one totwo months to open up a store. We usually open up stores right before a peak season, such as labor holiday in May, National holiday in October and Chinese NewYear in January/February. On average, new stores break even after one to three months of operation.We currently have one standard designs for our corporate stores located in Fujian Province. They were considered as flagship stores for our distributors’ reference.Because in year 2016 and 2015 we closed some corporate stores, the inventories of these stores were cleared through promotion exhibitions we held in the thirdtiercities at lower prices.For corporate stores opened in second tier cities, we normally have a higher aesthetic standard compared with corporate stores in third and fourth tier cities. Wegenerally locate our corporate stores at street level to access high pedestrian flow. Normally, we will sell inseason stock in our secondtier city corporate stores. Oursecondtier city corporate stores are also designed to showcase our marketability to potential distributors so as to induce them to join our distributorship. For storesopened in the third and fourth tier cities, we normally sell some of our slowmoving or offseason stock at a discount due to our awareness of the generally lesseramount of disposable income available to residents of these cities. During certain times of the year, such as the New Year, Chinese New Year and Labor Day, we willorganize promotional discounts together with our franchised stores to attract more customers and increase our stock turnover.Franchised StoresWe sell a substantial amount of our products to our franchised distributors who in turn sell them to retail customers through KBS branded retail stores operated byour distributors or their subdistributors. Since 2013, we have also been selling products to 3 provincial distributors without their own stores, or the nostoredistributors, on a trial basis. We do not have any ownership in, or controlling relationship with, these franchised stores, but we have entered into distributionagreements with them in the Company’s standard form, pursuant to which we require distributors and their subdistributors to sell only KBS products in thesestores. Distributors are responsible for selecting and ordering products from us and overseeing the sales in the stores operated by them and their subdistributors.By selling directly to our distributors, we can recognize revenues upon delivery to our distributors and delegate the distribution responsibilities to our distributors.This allows us to distribute our merchandise to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge of our distributors and theirsubdistributors. This also minimizes our inventory and sales risks while allowing us to allocate our resources to our core competitive strengths of design, brandmanagement and product development. We believe that our cooperation with distributors has enabled us to expand our business and accelerate our sales growth atmuch lower costs and operational risk and achieve brand recognition throughout China.We have been building up our selected franchised distributor network since 2007. As of December 31, 2018, we had 11 franchised distributors who operated 32 retailstores directly or through their subdistributors, all of which were standalone stores, which were typically located in commercial centers, including departmentstores or shopping malls, in their cities. All these distributors have worked with us for about 1 to 8 years. We have not encountered any material dispute or financialdifficulty with our key distributors. The average floor area of each retail store was approximately 78 square meters as of December 2018. The number of retail storeshas grown significantly in recent years from 7 as of December 31, 2006, with the aggregate floor area increasing from 560 square meters as of December 31, 2006 to2,635 square meters as of December 31, 2018. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, sales through our distributors accounted for 73%, 63.3% and78% of our revenues, respectively. 31Table of ContentsDuring each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we had no customer exceeding 10% of our net sales.Sales generated by our five bestperforming franchised distributors accounted for approximately 29.3%, 23.8% and 28.3% of our revenues in the years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Those top distributors have been with us since 2007 or 2008 and have grown organically with us. At the same time,we are exploring more distributors in other regions including relatively small distributors to grow with their businesses. Although we rely on distributors for thesales and marketing of our products, we believe our business is not substantially dependent on any individual distributor.We are highly selective in appointing distributors. We select our distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry,sales channels, business resources, brand promotion capabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. We maintain good relationshipswith many regional or local distributor candidates which we identify through our internal research and external referrals but only appoint a handful of them tobecome our distributors. We evaluate the relevant experience of the distributor candidates in operating retail stores, their financial condition and sources of fundingrequired for the establishment of a regional distribution network and their ability to develop a network of retail stores in the designated distribution region of a givendistributor before we make any appointment.Once appointed, each distributor must enter into a distribution agreement with us. We do not own any interest in any of our distributors, their subdistributors orthe retail stores they operate. The distribution agreements we typically enter into with distributors do not allow us to be involved in the daily operating, financing orother activities of the distributors, except that distributors need to comply with our brand management policies and pricing and store management guidelines. Keyterms of our standard distribution agreement include:●Product Exclusivity. Our distributors are required to sell only our products at KBS branded retail outlets managed by them or authorized retailers.●Geographic Coverage. Distributors are granted exclusive rights to distribute our products (directly and indirectly through their subdistributors) in theretail stores within the specified geographic area with no overlapping of distributors within our distribution network. However, we retain the right to operatedirect stores anywhere regardless of whether we have appointed distributors there.●Duration. The distribution agreements generally have an initial term of one year and are renewable at our discretion after taking into account factors suchas compliance with our brand management policies and sales performance.●Distributor Pricing. Distributors agree to order our products at a discount from our suggested retail prices. The discounted wholesale prices todistributors are classified into the following three categories: provincial distributor at a discount of 35% of retail price, district distributor is 30% of retailprice and the wholesale distributor is 25% of retail price.●Minimum Purchase Requirement. Each of our distributors is customarily expected to purchase a minimum amount of our products for each trade fair heldbiannually according to their present and expected distribution network. The minimum is typically RMB800,000 (approximately $110,000) for each store.●Payment and Delivery. Normally, we expect distributors to pay us RMB0.5 million (approximately $74,000) to RMB1 million (approximately $148,148) as adeposit upon placing an order. Upon delivery of the orders, we will deduct amounts on deposit from the purchase price. For new and small districtdistributors, we normally require them to pay the balance before the delivery of its products. We may also accept payment on credit terms to the extentrequested by distributors experiencing working capital difficulties or encouraging them to order more. The amount and duration of credit granted to eachdistributor will depend on its financial position and creditworthiness. We handle the arrangements for delivery of our products, but the distributors arenormally expected to bear the related costs and expenses.32Table of Contents●Return of Products. We will only accept product returns from distributors for quality reasons and only if the distributors followed our standard proceduresin processing the returned products. So far, we have not experienced any product returns due to expressed quality reasons.●Retail Pricing. Other than at times when we launch promotional campaigns or adjust our strategies, distributors must adopt, and are required to procuretheir subdistributors to adopt, our suggested retail prices for products. Distributors must obtain our consent before launching any distributor specificspecial offers.●Brand Management. Distributors must comply with our brand management policies and store management guidelines. We may impose penalties, forfeitureof deposit, suspend supply of products and terminate the agreement in the event of any breach of such policies.●Termination. We may generally terminate the distribution agreements and seek indemnification in the event of breach by distributors. In the event of sometypes of breach, we may not terminate the agreement but have other remedies. For example, if a distributor fails to order all products provided for under thedistributorship agreement, we may instead impose forfeiture of deposit or withhold certain benefits.When opening new retail stores, our distributors conduct research on the market potential of the proposed retail sites, after which they will provide us with anapplication for opening a new retail store. In reviewing applications, we consider factors including the store location, store layout, available area, marketopportunities, competitors and estimated sales. We conduct selected onsite investigations to verify applications filed by our distributors. Our retail stores aregenerally located in convenient retail locations in their respective cities and thus benefit from high volumes of pedestrian traffic.Effective monitoring of distributors and their retail stores is critical to our success. We have a team in our marketing, sales and distribution department to monitorour distributors’ and their subdistributors’ performance, who conduct onsite inspections of selected retail stores each quarter without prior notice to ensurecompliance with our store management guidelines. According to the results of our inspections, we, from time to time, make suggestions to our distributors withrespect to the opening or closure of their retail stores. Distributors also need to submit to us their annual/ semiannual plans to estimate their orders for the nextseason and their plan to improve the performance of existing retail stores or expand by opening new retail stores. This reporting system enables us to access uptodate sales projections of our distributors and their subdistributors, which reflects the overall level of retail sales of our products. It also provides us with theexpansion plan of each distributor which helps us prepare our overall development plan in a more accurate manner.We invite our distributors, as well as a select number of their subdistributors and retail store managers, to attend our sales fairs, which are held twice a year. Duringthe sales fairs, we discuss with our distributors and their subdistributors the upcoming product line. Apart from participating in two sales fairs each year, ourdistributors visit us from time to time and contact us as necessary, which allows us to have access to updated market information. We also provide training fordistributors and their subdistributors in the areas of sales techniques, customer service and product knowledge, typically prior to the launch of our new collectionseach year. We believe that these investments help to improve the operations of the sales network and provide additional valueadded services to retain ourdistributors and their subdistributors.The following table lists by region the number of retail stores operated by distributors and subdistributors as of December 31, 2018:LocationAs ofDecember 31,2018Fujian6Guangdong2Guangxi3Jiangsu4Anhui2Chongqing4Tianjin3Hebei4Sichuan4Total3233Table of ContentsPricing PolicyWe sell our products to our distributors at uniform discounts from our suggested retail prices. We have a suggested retail price policy that applies to all our storesto help maintain brand image, ensure consistent pricing levels from region to region and prevent price competition among our distributors. In determining our pricingstrategies, we take into account market supply and demand, production cost and the prices of our competitors’ similar products. Our sales representatives collectand record the retail prices of our products sold by our retailers. We analyze the information collected and engage in discussions with our distributors to ensure thatthey follow our pricing policy. See “Franchised Stores” above.ProductionOriginally located in Shishi City in Fujian Province and started production in 2006, our production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China.The facility currently has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famoussportswear producers. Our production facility was operating at full capacity between 2009 and 2012. In 2014, we produced about 0.39 million units at the operatingcapacity of 19.5%; while in 2015,we produced about 0.48 million units at the operating capacity of 24%. In 2016, we produced about 0.54 million units at the operatingcapacity of 27%.In 2017 and 2018, we produced about 0.30 million and 0.49 million units at the operating capacity of 15% and 25%. Since 2011, we have been negotiating with the local government to acquire land use rights for our current facility consisting of 110,557 square meters. We obtaineda portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square meters and 2,440 square meters in March 2012 and May 2012, respectively, and have finishedthe construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factoryin year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with localresidents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. While we cannot guaranteewhen and whether the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land will be eventually completed, we believe we will be in a better position toschedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Once completed, our total production capacity of the facility isexpected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.All of the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers bear the brand name KBS. As of December 31, 2018, we had 3 ODM contractmanufacturers and 3 OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had 3 and 6 OEM contract manufacturers, respectively. Oursourcing strategy is based upon the quality of fabrics and workmanship that our customers expect from the KBS brand. The costs of our outsourced productionamounted to approximately $8.38 million, $10.94 million and$26.1 million for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, accounting forapproximately 27.3%, 31% and 66.8% of our total cost of sales in the respective periods.As of December 31, 2018, our principal ODM and OEM contract suppliers included the following:No.1Bai Tian Ni (Fujian) Clothing fabric Co. Ltd2Shishi Hua Lai Shi Clothing Co. Ltd3Jinjiang City Hongtawanheng trading Co. Ltd4Fujian Gumaite Clothing Technology Co. Ltd5Shishi Rongpeng Clothing Co. Ltd6Hubei Mingyuan Clothing Co. LtdWe are not materially reliant on any single ODM or OEM contract supplier.34Table of ContentsInventory ManagementWe recognize that controlling the level of inventory is important to our overall operational efficiency and cost control. Based on the purchase orders our distributorsand the department store chains place at our biannual sales fairs, we are able to anticipate the demand for our products in advance and plan ahead for our ownmanufacturing and the orders we will be required to place with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We generally plan purchases of raw materials and placemanufacturing orders with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers immediately after each of our two seasonal sales fairs, usually in May for our autumn andwinter products and in October for our spring and summer products, where we confirm sales orders with our distributors and department store chains. This enablesus and our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to have sufficient time, ranging from two to eight weeks, to produce the products and provide our productssuitable for a specific season to our distributors and department store chains on a justintime basis so as to minimize our inventory levels. The alternative way tocontrol cost is when if we have chance to buy materials which the price is much lower than market price, we will buy it in advance and give to OEM contractmanufactures use our material to produce.Quality ControlProduct quality control is a critical aspect of our business. Our dedicated quality control team performs various quality inspection and testing procedures, includingrandom sample testing at different stages of our production process, to ensure that our products meet or exceed the expectations of our consumers. We also performroutine product inspections on every batch of our products and sample testing to ensure consistent quality of our products, including semifinished and finishedproducts.We have implemented a centralized system for procurement and inspection of raw materials and ancillary components to help ensure a stable and high qualitysupply. Those materials and components that fail to meet our tests may be returned to the suppliers for replacement. Our quality control team also carries out qualitycontrol procedures on the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We conduct onsite inspections of our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers before we enter into business relationships with them. We also send our inhouse quality control staff onsite to our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers to monitor the entire production process. The initial product inspections are performed onsite by our staff before these products are shipped to ourheadquarters for further inspection and storage in our warehouse. We also provide technical training to ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to assist them withquality control of the production processes and inspect preproduction samples and finished products from ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We have notencountered any material disruptions to our business as a result of the failure of any of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to meet our quality standards.In order to further improve the quality of our products and shorten our delivery cycle, we intend to increase our control over the manufacturing process andproduction cycle of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers, primarily by requiring our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to implement stricter and morecomprehensive quality control procedures, which cover each stage of the production process, from raw material selection and procurement to finished productspackaging and delivery. We also intend to apply more stringent standards for inspecting products manufactured for us by our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers.Marketing and AdvertisingWe have conducted multichannel marketing campaigns to advertise our products to our target customers through advertising in newspapers, magazines, theInternet, and billboards, and organizing regular and frequent instore marketing activities and road shows.We have implemented strict requirements on our distributors with respect to the display and promotion of our products to ensure consistent branding and enhancemarketing results. Our distributors are required to ensure that our marketing strategies are implemented at the retail outlets managed or authorized by them, includingdisplaying our products according to our specifications and using our billboard advertisements. We also assign sales representatives to monitor the instoredisplays of our products at various retail outlets on a regular basis to help ensure that our retailers have followed our product display policies.In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 our total advertising and promotional expenses amounted to approximately $1.21 million, $1.59 million and $1.55million, respectively, which accounted for approximately 6.6%, 7.5% and 3.8% of our revenues in the respective periods.35Table of ContentsCompetitionThe menswear industry in China is a fragmented industry. Competition mainly comes from local market players such as Exceed, Xiniya, Zuoan and Cabbeen. Webelieves that we differentiate ourselves by providing more fashionable, youngerlooking and leisure products, and competitive pricing without giving up the casualfeel of our products.We compete primarily on the basis of product design, brand recognition, operational efficiency and a low cost structure. Some of our domestic competitors have astronger customer base, greater resources and more industry expertise than us. However, we believe that we can continue to successfully compete with our localcompetitors due to our unique product designs.Intellectual PropertyWe currently have the licenses to use two registered trademarks in the PRC.The registered trademarks on which we have licenses are the following:TrademarkRegistration No.Valid TermKBS4342760Jan 1, 2019 August 28, 2028Ka bi sports5462336March 14, 2010 March 12,2020We believe that these trademarks provide significant value as they are important for marketing and building brand recognition. We are not aware of any third partycurrently using trademarks similar to our trademarks in the PRC on the same products.InsuranceWe do not have any business liability, interruption or litigation insurance coverage for our operations in China. Insurance companies in China offer limited businessinsurance products. While business interruption insurance is available to a limited extent in China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of suchinsurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance.Therefore, we are subject to business and product liability exposure. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—We have limited insurance coverage inChina and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses.”RegulationBecause our primary operating subsidiaries are located in China, we are subject to China’s national and local laws detailed below. We believe that we are in materialcompliance with all registrations and requirements for the issuance and maintenance of all licenses required by the governing bodies and that all license fees andfilings are current. This section summarizes the major PRC regulations relating to our business.Regulations Relating to Foreign InvestmentInvestment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are mainly governed by the Guidance Catalog of Industries for Foreign Investment (2017 revision), or theCatalog, which was promulgated jointly by MOFCOM and the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, on June 28, 2017 and entered into forceon July 28, 2017. The Catalog divides industries into four categories in terms of foreign investment, which are “encouraged,” “restricted,” and “prohibited,” and allindustries that are not listed under one of these categories are deemed to be “permitted.” Establishment of wholly foreignowned enterprises is generally allowed inencouraged and permitted industries. Some restricted industries are limited to equity or contractual joint ventures, while in some cases Chinese partners are requiredto hold the majority interests in such joint ventures. In addition, foreign investment in restricted category projects is subject to government approvals. Foreigninvestors are not allowed to invest in industries in the prohibited category. Industries not listed in the Catalogue are generally open to foreign investment unlessspecifically restricted by other PRC regulations.36Table of ContentsIn June 2018, MOFCOM and NDRC promulgated the Special Management Measures (Negative List) for the Access of Foreign Investment, or the Negative List,effective July 2018. The Negative List expands the scope of permitted industries by foreign investment by reducing the number of industries that fall within theNegative List where restrictions on the shareholding percentage or requirements on the composition of board or senior management still exists. Foreign investmentin valueadded telecommunications services (except for ecommerce) falls within the Negative List.In October 2016, MOFCOM issued the Interim Measures for Recordfiling Administration of the Establishment and Change of Foreigninvested Enterprises, or FIERecordfiling Interim Measures, most recently amended in July 2017. Pursuant to FIE Recordfiling Interim Measures, the establishment and change of foreigninvested enterprises are subject to recordfiling procedures, instead of prior approval requirements, provided that such establishment or change does not involvespecial entry administration measures. If the establishment or change of foreigninvested enterprises matters involve the special entry administration measures, theapproval of the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterparts is still required.Regulations Relating to Product QualityThe principal legal provisions governing product liability are set forth in the PRC Product Quality Law, which was promulgated in February 1993 by the SCNPC andamended in July 2000 and August 2009.The PRC Product Quality Law stipulates the responsibilities and obligations of product sellers and producers. Violations of the PRC Product Quality Law may resultin the imposition of fines. In addition, the seller or producer may be ordered to suspend its operations, and its business license may be revoked. There may also bePART IPART IIPART III20F 1 f20f2018_kbsfashiongroup.htm FORM 20FUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F(Mark One)☐REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ___________ to ___________OR¨SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report:Commission file number: 00135715KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)Not Applicable(Translation of Registrant’s Name Into English)Republic of the Marshall Islands(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)Xin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of China(Address of Principal Executive Offices)Mr. Keyan Yan, Chief Executive OfficerXin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of ChinaTel: + (86) 595 8889 6198Fax: (86) 595 8850 5328(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of Each ClassName of Each Exchange On Which RegisteredCommon Stock, $0.0001 par valueNASDAQ Capital MarketSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.Units, Common Stock Purchase Warrants(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.None(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report(December 31, 2018): 2,271,299Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐No ☒If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of“large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large Accelerated Filer ☐Accelerated Filer ☐NonAccelerated Filer ☒Emerging Growth Company☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting StandardsCodification after April 5, 2012.Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:U.S. GAAP ☐International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting StandardsBoard ☒Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ☐ Item17 ☐Item 18If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒Annual Report on Form 20FYear Ended December 31, 2018TABLE OF CONTENTSPageITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS2A.Directors and Senior Management2B.Advisors2C.Auditors2ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE2A.Offer Statistics2B.Method and Expected Timetable2ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATION2A.Selected Financial Data2B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY24A.History and Development of the Company24B.Business Overview26C.Organizational Structure42D.Property, Plants and Equipment43ITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS44ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS44A.Principal Factors Affecting Financial Performance45B.Liquidity and Capital Resources50C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.51D.Trend Information51E.Off Balance Sheet Arrangements51F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations52G.Safe Harbor62ITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES63A.Directors and Senior Management63B.Compensation64C.Board Practices65D.Employees66E.Share Ownership66ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS67A.Major Shareholders67B.Related Party Transactions67C.Interests of Experts and Counsel67iTable of ContentsITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATION67A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information67B.Significant Changes68ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTING68A.Offer and Listing Details68B.Plan of Distribution68C.Markets68D.Selling Shareholders68E.Dilution68F.Expenses of the Issue68ITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATION69A.Share Capital69B.Memorandum and Articles of Association69C.Material Contracts71D.Exchange Controls71E.Taxation74F.Dividends and Paying Agents79G.Statement by Experts79H.Documents on Display79I.Subsidiary Information79ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK79ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES80A.Debt Securities80B.Warrants and Rights80C.Other Securities80D.American Depositary Shares80ITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES81ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS81ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES81A.Disclosure Controls and Procedures81B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting81C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm81D.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting82ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT82ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICS82ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES82ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES82ITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS83ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT83ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCE83ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE83ITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 19.EXHIBITS84iiTable of ContentsINTRODUCTORY NOTESUse of Certain Defined TermsExcept as otherwise indicated by the context and for the purposes of this report only, references in this report to:●“KBS,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” are to KBS Fashion Group Ltd., a company organized in the Republic of the Marshall Islands;●““KBS International,” refers to KBS International Holding Inc., a Nevada corporation, which was dissolved in August 2014;●“Hongri PRC,” refers to Hongri (Fujian) Sports Goods Co., Ltd., which is our wholly owned subsidiary organized in the PRC;●“Hongri International” are to Hongri International Holdings Limited, which is our wholly owned subsidiary and a company organized in the BVI;●“BVI” are to the British Virgin Islands;●“Hong Kong” are to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China;●“PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China;●“SEC” are to the Securities and Exchange Commission;●“Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;●“Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;●“Renminbi” and “RMB” are to the legal currency of China; and●“U.S. dollars,” “dollars” and “$” are to the legal currency of the United States.ForwardLooking InformationIn addition to historical information, this report contains forwardlooking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of theExchange Act. We use words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “target,” “plan,” “optimistic,” “intend,” “aim,” “will” or similar expressions whichare intended to identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, among others, those concerning market and industry segment growth and demandand acceptance of new and existing products; any projections of sales, earnings, revenue, margins or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategiesand objectives of management for future operations; and any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, as well as all assumptions,expectations, predictions, intentions or beliefs about future events. You are cautioned that any such forwardlooking statements are not guarantees of futureperformance and involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions, which, if they were to ever materialize or prove incorrect, could cause the results of theCompany to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forwardlooking statements. Potential risks and uncertainties include, among other things, thepossibility that we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues and profits due to our failure to anticipate consumer preferences and develop newmenswear products, our failure to execute our business expansion plan, changes in domestic and foreign laws, regulations and taxes, changes in economicconditions, uncertainties related to China’s legal system and economic, political and social events in China, a general economic downturn, a downturn in thesecurities markets, and other risks and uncertainties which are generally set forth under Item 3 “Key information—D. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and our other filings with the SEC. These reports attempt toadvise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects. The forwardlookingstatements made in this report speak only as of the date hereof and we disclaim any obligation, except as required by law, to provide updates, revisions oramendments to any forwardlooking statements to reflect changes in our expectations or future events.On February 3, 2017, approved by the shareholders, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen (1for15) reverse stock split of the Company’s issued andoutstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided that shareholders are entitled to receive the number ofshares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Stock Market on a splitadjusted basis when themarket opened on February 9, 2017. All references in this report to share and per share data have been adjusted, including historical data which have beenretroactively adjusted, to give effect to the reverse stock split unless specified otherwise.1Table of ContentsPART IITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERSA.Directors and Senior ManagementNot applicable.B.AdvisorsNot applicable.C.AuditorsNot applicable.ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLEA.Offer StatisticsNot applicable.B.Method and Expected TimetableNot applicable.ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATIONA.Selected Financial DataThe following table presents selected financial data regarding our business. It should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and relatednotes contained elsewhere in this annual report and the information under Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” The selected consolidatedstatements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, and the selected consolidated statements of financialposition data as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are included in this annual reportbeginning on page F1. The selected consolidated statements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the selectedconsolidated statements of financial position data as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements thatare not included in this annual report.Our consolidated financial statements were prepared and presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by theInternational Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The selected financial data information is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the historicalconsolidated financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere herein. The financial statements contained elsewhere fully represent our financial conditionand operations; however, they are not indicative of our future performance.2Table of ContentsYears ended December 31,20182017201620152014Statement of Income DataTotal revenue$18,535,116$23,762,536$41,200,205$61,343,681$58,832,481Total cost of sales(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)(46,511,274)(39,416,973)Gross profit(2,316,136)(11,511,816)2,158,27214,832,40719,415,508Distribution and selling expenses(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)(6,621,256)(7,191,606)Administrative expenses(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)2,798,082(4,649,229)Profit for the year(17,968,597)(14,815,596)(11,902,688)1,243,6706,876,982Total comprehensive income for the year(20,040,295)(10,004,880)(18,028,121)(4,801,102)6,526,172Outstanding shares2,299,9151,860,8311,750,1421,694,4891,694,489Earnings per share, basic diluted8.067.966.800.734.06Balance Sheet DataCash and cash equivalents$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,341$21,214,080$20,604,583Noncurrent assets29,837,87540,966,31934,754,94247,221,52952,929,386Current assets31,328,13140,343,38656,343,82362,098,95162,093,570Working capital24,463,44633,060,87748,647,18553,598,85452,704,076Total assets61,166,00681,309,70591,098,765109,310,480115,022,956Current liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,500,0979,389,493Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,503,5069,404,880Equity54,301,32174,027,19683,402,127100,816,974105,618,076B.Capitalization and IndebtednessNot applicable.C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of ProceedsNot applicable.D.Risk FactorsAn investment in our capital stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the otherinformation included in this annual report, before making an investment decision. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial conditionor results of operations could suffer. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.3Table of ContentsRISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSGeneral economic conditions, including a prolonged weakness in the economy, may affect consumer discretionary spending, which could adversely affect ourbusiness and financial performance.The apparel industry has historically been subject to substantial cyclical variations. Our business and financial performance are dependent on a number of factorsimpacting consumer discretionary spending, including general economic and business conditions; consumer confidence; wages and employment levels; thehousing market; consumer debt levels; availability of consumer credit; credit and interest rates; fuel and energy costs; energy shortages; taxes; general politicalconditions, both domestic and abroad. Consumer product purchases, including purchases of our products, may decline during recessionary periods. Our ability toaccess the capital markets may be restricted at a time when we would like, or need, to raise capital, which could impair on our ability to open additional stores orbuild additional manufacturing lines. In addition, as domestic and international economic conditions change, trends in consumer spending on discretionary items,including our merchandise, become unpredictable and subject to reductions due to economic uncertainties. A prolonged economic recovery or an uncertain outlookin the economy could result in additional declines in consumer discretionary spending, which could materially affect our financial performance.A contraction in apparel sales and production could impair our results of operations and liquidity and jeopardize our supply base.Apparel sales and production are cyclical and depend, among other things, on general economic conditions and consumer spending and preferences. As thevolume of apparel production fluctuates, the demand for our products also fluctuates. A contraction in apparel sales could harm our results of operations andliquidity. In addition, our suppliers would also be subject to many of the same consequences which could pressure their results of operations and liquidity.Depending on an individual supplier’s financial condition and access to capital, its viability could be challenged which could impact its ability to perform as weexpect and consequently our ability to meet our own commitments.If we are unable to anticipate consumer preferences and develop new menswear products, we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues andprofits.Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define apparel trends as well as to anticipate, gauge and react to changing consumer demands formenswear in a timely manner. Our target market of consumers comprises urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 with moderatetohigh levels of disposableincome. Our business is particularly sensitive to their fashion preferences, which cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumeracceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, and our future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes. If we failto anticipate accurately and respond to trends and shifts in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing product offerings, developing new products,designs, styles and categories, we could experience lower sales, excess inventories and lower profit margins. In a distressed economic and retail environment, manyof our competitors may engage in aggressive activities, such as markdowns or other promotional sales to dispose of excess, slowmoving inventory, furtherincreasing the need to react appropriately to changing consumer preferences and fashion trends. Failure to do so could adversely affect the level of acceptance ofour products, our brand image and our relationship with our distributors, and therefore have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results ofoperations.The apparel industry is highly competitive, and if we fail to compete effectively, we could lose our market position.The menswear industry is highly competitive in China and worldwide. We compete with various domestic brands with similar business models and target markets.We also compete with a growing number of international brands trying to expand their market share in China to take advantage of rising consumer spending oncasual menswear. Our primary international and domestic competitors include Exceed, Xiniya, Cabbeen, GXG and NQ. Some of our competitors are significantlylarger and have greater financial resources than we do. In order to compete effectively, we must: (1) maintain the image of our brands and our reputation forinnovation and high quality; (2) be flexible and innovative in responding to rapidly changing market demands on the basis of brand image, style, performance andquality; and (3) offer consumers a wide variety of high quality products at competitive prices.4Table of ContentsThe purchasing decisions of consumers are highly subjective and can be influenced by many factors, such as brand image, marketing programs and productfeatures. Some of our competitors enjoy competitive advantages, including greater brand recognition and greater financial resources for competitive activities, suchas sales, marketing and strategic acquisitions. The number of our direct competitors and the intensity of competition may increase as we expand into other productlines or as other companies expand into our product lines. Our competitors may enter into business combinations or alliances that strengthen their competitivepositions or prevent us from taking advantage of such combinations or alliances. Our competitors also may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than wecan to new or changing opportunities, standards or consumer preferences. Our results of operations and market position may be adversely impacted by ourcompetitors and the competitive pressures in the menswear industries.Failure to effectively promote or develop our brand could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.We sell all our products under the KBS brand, from which we derive most of our revenues. Brand image is an important factor that affects a customer’s purchasingdecision for menswear products. Our success therefore depends on, among other things, market recognition and acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture,lifestyle, and images associated with the brand, some of which may not be within our control. We have limited control over our distributors that we rely upon to sellour products, which may limit our ability to ensure a consistent brand image. See “Risks Factors Related to Our Business –We have limited control over the ultimateretail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhere to, or fail to cause the third party retail outletoperators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.” We began designing, promoting, and selling KBS branded products in China in 2006. To effectivelypromote KBS brand, we need build and maintain the brand image by focusing on a variety of promotional and marketing activities to promote brand awareness, aswell as to increase its presence in the markets in which we compete. There is no assurance that we will be able to effectively promote or develop KBS brand, and ifwe fail to do so, the goodwill of KBS brand may be undermined and our business as well as our financial results may be adversely affected. In addition, negativepublicity or disputes regarding KBS brand, products, company, or management could materially and adversely affect public perception of KBS brand. Any impact onour ability to continue to sell KBS brand or any significant damage to KBS brand’s image could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends on the continued service of our senior executives and other key employees. In particular, we rely on the expertise, experience,and business contacts, of Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ms. Lixia Tu, our Director and Chief Financial Officer and Mr. ThemisKalapotharakos, our director. If one or more of our senior executives are unable or unwilling to continue to work for us in their present positions, we may have tospend a considerable amount of time and resources searching, recruiting, and integrating the replacements into our operations, which would substantially divertmanagement’s attention from and severely disrupt the Company business. This may also adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategy. Moreover, ifany of our senior executives joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, suppliers and key employees.Failure to execute our business expansion plan could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.A large part of our initial growth resulted from an increase in the number of our retail sales outlets, including corporate and franchised stores, and the increased salesvolume and profitability provided by these sales outlets. The number of our sales outlets increased from 8 in 2006 to 33 in year 2018.5Table of ContentsWe have our factory located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China, consisting of an aggregate of 110,457 square meters of land. Currently the facility there has aproduction capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year and can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces original equipmentmanufacturer (OEM) products for online stores, regional apparel brands and overseas orders. The construction commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases:Phase 1 consists of the construction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We havecompleted the construction of facilities of Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Phase 3 construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has beendelayed because the local government needs additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Because the time forthe government to resolve this matter is uncertain, we wrote off the land use right of the third parcel of land from account balance, according to the internationalframework reporting standard. Phase 4 includes building production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quartersand living facilities on the third parcel of land. As a result, our commitments to this facility may reduce our liquidity for an indefinite period and until it is completed.We could also indefinitely lose opportunities to expand our sales due to any further delay of our construction.The decision to increase our production capacity was based in part on our projections of market demand for our products and OEM orders from other brand nameowners. If actual customer demand does not meet our projections, we will likely suffer overcapacity problems and may have to leave capacity idle or need to contractout our facilities at an unfavorable price, which may reduce our overall profitability and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our futuresuccess depends on our ability to expand the Company’s business to address growth in demand for our current and future products.Our ability to expand the Company’s business is subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including:●the unavailability of additional funding to invest more in brand recognition such as advertisement, expand our production capacity, purchase additionalfixed assets and purchase raw materials on favorable terms or at all;●our inability to manage an online shop, hire qualified personnel and establish distribution methods;●conditions in the commercial real estate market existing at the time we seek to expand;●delays and cost overruns as a result of a number of factors, many of which may be beyond our control, such as problems with equipment vendors andcontract manufacturers;●failure to maintain high quality control standards;●shortage of raw materials;●our inability to obtain, or delays in obtaining, required approvals by relevant government authorities;●diversion of significant management attention and other resources; and●failure to execute our expansion plan effectively.The expansion of our business may place significant strain on our personnel, management, financial systems and operational infrastructure and may impede ourability to meet any increased demand for our products. To accommodate the Company’s growth, we will need to implement a variety of new and upgradedoperational and financial systems, procedures, and controls, including improvements to our accounting and other internal management systems, by dedicatingadditional resources to our reporting and accounting function and improvements to our record keeping and contract tracking system. We will also need to recruitmore personnel and train and manage our growing employee base. Furthermore, we will need to maintain and expand relationships with our current and futurecustomers, suppliers, distributors and other third parties, and there is no guarantee that we will succeed.In the future, we also intend to invest more resources to research and purchase online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that we will have betteropportunities to expand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores. In addition, we will keep on exploring other areas and business models, such as theuse of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends.If we encounter any of the risks described above or if we are otherwise unable to establish or successfully operate online shops or additional production capacity,we may be unable to grow our business and revenues, reduce our operating costs, maintain our competitiveness or improve our profitability and, consequently, ourbusiness, financial condition, results of operations and prospects will be adversely affected.6Table of ContentsIf we are unable to fund capital expenditures or obtain additional sources of liquidity when we need it, our business may be adversely affected. In addition, ifwe obtain equity financing, the issuance of our equity securities could cause dilution for our stockholders. To the extent we obtain the financing through theissuance of debt securities, our debt service obligations could increase, and we may become subject to restrictive operating and financial covenants.We anticipate that we will make substantial capital investments to expand our business within the next 3 years. There is no assurance that we will have sufficientcash to fund our anticipated capital expenditures. If we need but are unable to obtain adequate financing with on terms favorable to us, we may be unable tosuccessfully maintain our operations and accomplish our growth strategy. In addition, we may be unable to generate sufficient cash internally or obtain alternativesources of capital to fund our proposed capital expenditures, take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures. As a result, we mayseek to sell additional equity securities, debt securities, or borrow from lending institutions. Any issuance of equity securities could cause dilution for ourstockholders. Any incurrence of indebtedness could increase our debt service obligations and cause us to be subject to restrictive operating and financecovenants. Our ability to obtain external financing in the future is also subject to a number of uncertainties, including:●Our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;●general market conditions for financing activities by companies in our industry;●economic, political and other conditions in China and elsewhere; and●uncertain economic prospect and tightened credit markets resulting from the recent global economic slowdown and financial market crisis.If we are unable to obtain funding in a timely manner or on commercially acceptable terms, or at all, our growth prospects and future profitability may be materiallyadversely affected. Adverse changes in the capital markets could make it difficult to obtain capital or obtain it at attractive rates.Our past results may not be indicative of our future performance and evaluating our business and prospects may be difficult.Our business has gone through various stages of the business life cycle in recent years as demonstrated by our growth in net sales, which reached $99.6 million forthe year ended December 31, 2013, while in 2014 our net sales decreased by 40% to $58.8 million and in year 2015 net sales went up slightly by 4.3% to $61.3 million,our net sales decreased by 32.8% to $41.2 million in 2016, net sales decreased 42% to $23.8 million in 2017 and net sales further decreased 22% to $18.53 million in2018. The decrease in sales in 2016, 2017 and 2018 as compared with 2013 was mainly due to the slowdown of the Chinese economic growth and a challenging retailenvironment. As a result, we cannot assure that we will be able to achieve similar growth in future periods as recent years before 2014, and our historical operatingresults may not provide a meaningful basis for evaluating our business, financial performance and prospects. Moreover, our ability to achieve satisfactoryproduction results at higher volumes is unproven. Therefore, you should not rely on our past results or our historical rate of growth as an indication of our futureperformance.We experience fluctuations in operating results.Our annual and quarterly operating results have fluctuated, and are expected to continue to fluctuate. Among the factors that may cause our operating results tofluctuate are customers’ response to merchandise offerings, the timing of the rollout of new sales outlets, seasonal variations in sales, the timing of merchandisereceipts, the level of merchandise returns, changes in merchandise mix and presentation, our cost of merchandise, unanticipated operating costs, and other factorsbeyond our control, such as general economic conditions and actions of competitors.We have historically experienced seasonal fluctuations in our sales. A substantial portion of our revenues are typically earned during the second and fourthquarters and we generally experience lowest revenues during the first and third quarters. If sales during the second and fourth quarters are lower than expected, ouroperating results would be adversely affected, and it would have a disproportionately large impact on our annual operating results. The sales of our products arealso affected by local spending behavior, which are typically affected by seasonal shopping patterns during major Chinese holidays.7Table of ContentsAs a result of these factors, we believe that periodtoperiod comparisons of historical and future results will not necessarily be meaningful and should not be reliedon as an indication of future performance.Our failure to collect the trade receivables or untimely collection could affect our liquidity.Our distributors place advance purchase orders twice a year. From 2015 to 2018, we typically expect and receive payment within 30180 days of product delivery. Inaddition, approximately 83.2% of accounts receivables are within a 180 days credit term. Starting in September 2015, we extended credit to some of our customers to150180 days without requiring collaterals. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of the financial condition of our customers and we generally require no collateralfrom our distributors and authorized retailers to secure their payment obligations. However, our sales going forward may rely more heavily on credit, and if weencounter future problems collecting amounts due from our clients or if we experience delays in the collection of amounts due from our clients, our liquidity could benegatively affected.The Chinese economy experienced a softening of economic growth, and the apparel industry is also facing a downturn. The impact of the current and possiblefuture economic downturn on our distributors cannot be predicted and may be severe, causing a significant impact on their business. As a result, our financialcondition and result of operations could be negatively affected. In addition, if they cannot continue their orders of our products due to the failure of paying us forits previous purchases, our brand image and reputation may be materially negatively affected as well.We rely on distributors for a substantial portion of our sales and the loss of any of our large distributors would harm our business. A substantial portion of our sales are made to distributors that resell our products. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, distributors accounted forapproximately 67% and 73% of our total sales, respectively, and our top five distributors accounted for approximately 23.8% and 34.8% of our total sales,respectively. The marketing efforts of our distributors are critical for our success. If we fail to attract additional distributors, and our existing distributors do notpromote our products at the same or at a greater level than the products of our competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could beadversely affected.Furthermore, there is no assurance that any of our distributors will satisfy the sales targets set forth in their distribution agreements and we or they may not wish torenew the distribution agreements in future years. Moreover, our distributors are not obliged to continue to place orders with the Company at the same level asbefore or at all and there is no assurance that we would be able to obtain orders from other distributors to replace any such lost sales on terms satisfactory to us orall. If any of our largest distributors substantially reduces its purchases from us, or otherwise fails to renew its distribution agreement with us, we may suffer asignificant loss of sales and our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We have limited control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhereto, or fail to cause the third party retail outlet operators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.We rely on the contractual obligations set forth in the distribution agreements that we enter into with our distributors, as well as policies and standards we formulatefrom time to time, to impose our retail policies on these distributors in respect of the franchisee retail outlets. In addition, as we do not enter into any agreementswith the third party retail outlet operators, we rely on our distributors to ensure that these franchisee retail outlets operate in accordance with our retail policies. Assuch, our control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and the franchisee retail outlet operators is limited. There is no assurance that our distributors orthe third party franchisee retail outlet operators will comply with, or that the distributors will enforce, our retail policies. As a result, we may not be able to effectivelymanage our sales network or maintain a uniform brand image, and cannot assure you that franchisee retail outlets would continue to offer quality services toconsumers.8Table of ContentsIn addition, if any of the distributors or third party franchisee retail outlet operators experiences difficulties in selling our products in the retail market, they mayattempt to disregard our pricing policies and liquidate their excessive inventory buildup through aggressive discounts, which may damage the image and the valueof our brand. There is no assurance that we will be able to, in a timely manner, impose penalties on or replace any distributors who consistently fail to comply with,or fail to cause the third party franchisee retail outlet operators appointed by them to comply with, our retail policies in their operation of franchisee retail outlets. Insuch event, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We may not be able to accurately track the inventory levels at our distributors, retailers or department store concessions.Our ability to track the sales by our distributors to thirdparty retailers and the ultimate retail sales by the retailers, and consequently their respective inventorylevels, is limited. We implement a policy to require our distributors to provide us with their sales reports on a weekly basis and we carry out random onsiteinspections of our distributors to track their inventories. The purpose of tracking the inventory level is mainly to gather information regarding the market acceptanceof our products so that we can reflect consumers’ preferences in the design and development of our products for the next season. The tracking of inventory levelalso helps us to understand the market recognition of our products in a particular region, and thus allows us to adjust our marketing strategy if necessary. Theimplementation of the policy, however, requires the distributors to accurately report the relevant data to us in a timely manner, which is largely dependent on thecooperation of the Company’s distributors. We may not always obtain the required data in time and the data provided to us by our distributors may be inaccurate orincomplete.Inaccurate, mistaken, incomplete or delayed data regarding inventory levels may mislead the Company to make wrong business judgments for its production,marketing efforts and sales strategies. If that happens, our operations and financial results may be materially adversely affected. In addition, if we cannot manageinventory levels properly, future orders of our products may be reduced, which would materially adversely affect our future business, financial condition, results ofoperation and prospects.Our operations could be materially adversely affected if we fail to effectively manage our relationships with, or lose the services of, our OEM contractmanufacturers.The production of our brand name products are 100% outsourced to PRCbased thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2018 and2017 we had 5 and 6 contract manufacturers, respectively. Purchases from our top five OEM contract manufacturers accounted for approximately 92% and 88.6% ofour total purchases for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As we do not enter into longterm contracts with our OEM contractmanufacturers, they may decide not to accept our future OEM orders on the same or similar terms, or at all. If an OEM contract manufacturer decides to substantiallyreduce its volume of supply to us or to terminate its business relationship with us, we may not be able to find a proper replacement in a timely manner and may beforced to default on the agreements with our distributors that sell our products. This may negatively impact our revenues and adversely affect our reputation andrelationships with our distributors that sell our products, causing a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.Further, if any of our OEM contract manufacturers fails to provide the required number of products meeting our quality standards, we may have to delay delivery ofproducts to our distributors, become unable to supply products at all, or even recall products previously dispatched. This could cause the Company to loserevenues or market share and damage our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operationsand prospects. In addition, some OEM contract manufacturers may not fully comply with certain laws, such as labor and environmental laws. If any of our OEMcontract manufacturers is found to have violated laws and regulations in the PRC, media reports on such violations may negatively affect our reputation and image,resulting in material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.9Table of ContentsWhile we provide the designs of our products to the OEM contract manufacturers, as well as guidance for manufacturing the products ordered by us, we do nothave direct control over the OEM contract manufacturers. If any of them is involved in unauthorized production and sale of goods using the KBS brand, ourreputation, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.As the Company grows, our reliance on OEM contract manufacturers may also grow as our added production capacity may not be sufficient to keep pace with theincreased production requirements driven by our growth. We may not be able to find sufficient additional OEM contract manufacturers to produce our products onthe same or similar terms as our existing OEM contract manufacturers, and we may not be able to achieve our growth and development goals.Any interruption in our operations could impair our financial performance and negatively affect our brand. Our operations are complicated and integrated, involving the coordination of thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers and external distribution processes. Whilethese operations are modified on a regular basis in an effort to improve outsourcing and distribution efficiency and flexibility, we may experience difficulties incoordinating the various aspects of our operations processes, thereby causing downtime and delays. In addition, we may encounter interruption in our operationsprocesses due to a catastrophic loss or events beyond our control, such as fires, explosions, labor disturbances or violent weather conditions. Any interruptions inour operations or capabilities at our facilities could result in our inability to procure our products, which would reduce our net sales and earnings for the affectedperiod. If there are delays in delivery times to our customers, our business and reputation could be severely affected. Any significant delays in deliveries to ourcustomers could lead to increased returns or cancellations and cause the Company to lose future sales. The Company currently does not have business interruptioninsurance to offset these potential losses, delays and risks so a material interruption of our business operations could severely damage our business.We rely heavily on our management information system for inventory management, distribution and other functions. If our system fail to perform thesefunctions adequately or if we experience an interruption in our operation, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. The efficient operation of our business is dependent on our management information systems. We rely heavily on our management information systems to manageour order entry, order fulfillment, pricing, pointofsale and inventory replenishment processes. We cannot assure you that our management information system will operate properly or without interruption. Any malfunction to any part or all of our managementinformation system for a prolonged period may cause delays in operations or impairment of our overall business efficiency. We also cannot ensure that the level ofsecurity currently maintained will be sufficient to protect the system from third party intrusions, viruses, lost or stolen data, or similar situations. Additionally, aspart of our growth and development strategy over the next few years, we plan to upgrade and improve our management information system. We cannot assure youthat there will be no interruptions to our management information system during the upgrades or that the new management information system will be able tointegrate fully with the existing information system. The failure of our management information system to perform as we anticipate could disrupt our business and could result in decreased revenue, increased overheadcosts and excess or outofstock inventory levels, causing our business and results of operations to suffer materially. Failure to protect the integrity, security and use of our customers’ information and media could expose us to litigation and materially damage our standingwith our customers. Increasing costs associated with information security — such as increased investment in technology, the costs of compliance with consumer protection laws andcosts resulting from consumer fraud — could cause our business and results of operations to suffer materially. While we have taken significant steps to protectcustomer and confidential information, including entering into confidentiality agreements with relevant employees and incorporate confidentiality clauses in ourpolicies, there can be no assurance that advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments will prevent thecompromise of our customer transaction processing capabilities and personal data. If any such compromise of our security were to occur, it could have a materialadverse effect on our reputation, operating results and financial condition. Any such compromise may materially increase the costs we incur to protect against suchinformation security breaches and could subject us to additional legal risk. Procurement specialists and managers are required to sign a confidentiality agreement. 10Table of ContentsWe have limited insurance coverage in China and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses. Operation of our facilities involves many risks, including equipment failures, natural disasters, industrial accidents, power outages, labor disturbances and otherbusiness interruptions. We do not carry any business interruption insurance, product recall or thirdparty liability insurance for our production facilities or withrespect to our products to cover claims pertaining to personal injury or property or environmental damage arising from defects in our products, product recalls,accidents on our property or damage relating to our operations. While business interruption insurance and other types of insurance are available to a limited extentin China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of such insurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commerciallyreasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Therefore, our existing insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all risks associatedwith our business. As a result, we may be required to pay for financial and other losses, damages and liabilities, including those caused by natural disasters andother events beyond our control, out of our own funds, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our inability to protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights may prevent us from successfully marketing our products and competingeffectively. We believe our trademarks and other intellectual property rights are important to our success and competitive position and recognize the importance of registeringthe trademarks related to our KBS brand for protection against infringement. We currently hold two registered trademarks. Failure to protect our intellectual propertycould harm our brand and our reputation, and adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. Further, enforcing or defending our intellectual property rights,including our trademarks, patents, copyrights and trade secrets, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. We produce, marketand sell our products under registered trademarks. We regard our intellectual property, particularly our trademarks and trade secrets to be of considerable value andimportance to our business and our success. We rely on a combination of trademark, patent, and trade secrecy laws, and contractual provisions to protect ourintellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect these proprietary rights will be adequate or that third parties will notinfringe or misappropriate our trademarks, trade secrets or similar proprietary rights. In addition, there can be no assurance that other parties will not assertinfringement claims against us, and we may have to pursue litigation against other parties to assert our rights. Any such claim or litigation could be costly, and wemay lack the resources required to defend against such claims. In addition, any event that would jeopardize our proprietary rights or any claims of infringement bythird parties could have a material adverse effect on our ability to market or sell our brands, and profitably exploit our products.Environmental regulations impose substantial costs and limitations on our operations. We use chemicals and produce significant emissions in our manufacturing operations. As such, we are subject to various national and local environmental laws andregulations in China concerning issues such as air emissions, wastewater discharges, and solid waste management and disposal. These laws and regulations canrestrict or limit our operations and expose us to liability and penalties for noncompliance. While we believe that our facilities are in material compliance with allapplicable environmental laws and regulations, the risks of substantial unanticipated costs and liabilities related to compliance with these laws and regulations arean inherent part of our business. It is possible that future conditions may develop, arise or be discovered that create new environmental compliance or remediationliabilities and costs. While we believe that we can comply with existing environmental legislation and regulatory requirements and that the costs of compliance havebeen included within budgeted cost estimates, compliance may prove to be more limiting and costly than anticipated.We may be unable to establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, and, as a result, we may be unable to accuratelyreport our financial results or prevent fraud.We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities law. The SEC as required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (“SOX 404”), adoptedrules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal control over financial reporting in its annual report, which mustalso contain management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, the independent registered publicaccounting firm auditing the financial statements of a company that is not a nonaccelerated filer under Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act must also attest to theoperating effectiveness of the company’s internal controls.11Table of ContentsFailure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could result in our inability to accurately report our financial results, prevent or detect fraudor provide timely and reliable financial and other information pursuant to the reporting obligations we have as a public company, which could have a materialadverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, it could cause our investors to lose confidence in the information we report,which could adversely affect our stock price.RISKS RELATED TO DOING BUSINESS IN CHINAOur business operation may be affected if we are forced to relocate our manufacturing facilities and stores.We leased the premises for our office located in Shishi and one corporate store. However, none of our lease agreements have been registered with the relevantgovernmental agencies. According to our PRC legal counsel, without registration, our rights to use and occupy the premises may not be secured if any third partiessuch as other tenants who have registered their lease agreements challenge us under PRC law. Moreover, while we have taken various measures to verify theownership of property such as checking utility bills and search government records, most of our landlords have declined to confirm whether they possess theproperty ownership certificates and land use rights certificates for our properties. As a result, we have been unable to verify whether third parties may assert theirownership rights under PRC law against most of our landlords or challenge most of our leases in the future. If our rights to use the premises are challenged, we maybe forced to relocate to other premises. We may not be able to relocate to a suitable premise promptly or lease alternative premises on terms at least as favorable asour existing ones. In addition, relocation costs and interruption of production may have a material adverse effect on our business operation and financialperformance.Changes in the economic and political policies of the PRC government could have a material and adverse effect on our business and operations.We conduct substantially all our business operations in China. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are significantly dependenton economic and political developments in China. China’s economy differs from the economies of developed countries in many aspects, including the level ofdevelopment, growth rate and degree of government control over foreign exchange and allocation of resources. While China’s economy has experienced significantgrowth in the past 30 years, the growth has been uneven across different regions and periods and among various economic sectors in China. We cannot assure youthat China’s economy will continue to grow, or that if there is growth, such growth will be steady and uniform, or that if there is a slowdown, such slowdown will nothave a negative effect on its business and results of operations.The PRC government exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, control over payment of foreign currencydenominated obligations, implementation of monetary policy, and preferential treatment of particular industries or companies. Certain measures adopted by the PRCgovernment may restrict loans to certain industries, such as changes in the statutory deposit reserve ratio and lending guidelines for commercial banks by thePeople’s Bank of China, or PBOC. These current and future government actions could materially affect our liquidity, access to capital, and ability to operate ourbusiness.The global financial markets experienced significant disruptions in 2008 and the United States, Europe and other economies went into recession. Since 2012, growthof the Chinese economy has slowed. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources.Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy but may also have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operation could bematerially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, any stimulusmeasures designed to boost the Chinese economy, may contribute to higher inflation, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.See “Risks Related to Doing Business in China Future inflation in China may inhibit our ability to conduct business in China.”12Table of ContentsUncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the legal protections available to you and us.We conduct substantially all of our business through our operating subsidiaries in the PRC. Our operating subsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulationsapplicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws applicable to foreigninvested enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes, andprior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, a series of new PRC laws and regulations have significantlyenhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, since the PRC legal system continues to evolve rapidly, theinterpretations of many laws, regulations, and rules are not always uniform, and enforcement of these laws, regulations, and rules involve uncertainties, which maylimit legal protections available to you and us. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources andmanagement attention. In addition, most of our executive officers and directors are residents of China and not of the United States, and substantially all the assets ofthese persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it could be difficult for investors to affect service of process in the United States or to enforce ajudgment obtained in the United States against our Chinese operations and subsidiaries.You may have difficulty enforcing judgments against us.Most of our assets are located outside of the United States and most of our current operations are conducted in the PRC. In addition, most of our directors andofficers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons is located outside the UnitedStates. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce inU.S. courts judgments on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, most of whom are not residents inthe United States and the substantial majority of whose assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts ofthe PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts. Our counsel as to PRC law has advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgmentsare provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. Courts in China may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRCCivil Procedures Law based on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have anytreaties or other arrangements that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments with the United States. In addition, according to thePRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violatesbasic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security, or the public interest. So, it is uncertain whether a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by acourt in the United States.The PRC government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities.The PRC government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and stateownership. Our ability to operate in China may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, import and export tariffs,environmental regulations, land use rights, property, and other matters. We believe that our operations in China are in material compliance with all applicable legaland regulatory requirements. However, the central or local governments of the jurisdictions in which we operate may impose new, stricter regulations orinterpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations orinterpretations.Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision not to continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more centrally plannedeconomy or regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant effect on economic conditions in China or particularregions thereof and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then hold in Chinese properties or joint venturesRestrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our sales effectively. The majority of our sales will be settled in RMB and U.S. dollars, and any future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit our ability to use revenue generated inRMB to fund any future business activities outside China or to make dividend or other payments in U.S. dollars. Although the Chinese government introducedregulations in 1996 to allow greater convertibility of the RMB for current account transactions, significant restrictions still remain, including primarily the restrictionthat foreigninvested enterprises may only buy, sell or remit foreign currencies after providing valid commercial documents, at those banks in China authorized toconduct foreign exchange business. In addition, conversion of RMB for capital account items, including direct investment and loans, is subject to governmentalapproval in China, and companies are required to open and maintain separate foreign exchange accounts for capital account items. We cannot be certain that theChinese regulatory authorities will not impose more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of the RMB in the future.13Table of ContentsFluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.The value of our securities will be indirectly affected by the foreign exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and RMB and between those currencies and othercurrencies in which our sales may be denominated. Appreciation or depreciation in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial resultsreported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations. Fluctuations in the exchange rate will alsoaffect the relative value of any dividend we issue that will be exchanged into U.S. dollars, as well as earnings from, and the value of, any U.S. dollardenominatedinvestments we make in the future.Since July 2005, the RMB has no longer been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Since then the RMB has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly andunpredictably, and in recent years the RMB has depreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progresstowards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate systemand there is no guarantee that the RMB will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how marketforces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future.Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedgingtransactions. While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited, and we may not beable to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition, our foreign currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrictour ability to convert RMB into foreign currencies. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends and other distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you, and otherwise fund and conduct our business. Substantially all of our sales are earned by our PRC subsidiaries. However, PRC regulations restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make dividends and otherpayments to their offshore parent companies. PRC legal restrictions permit payments of dividends by our PRC subsidiaries only out of their accumulated aftertaxprofits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are also required under PRC laws and regulations toallocate at least 10% of their annual aftertax profits determined in accordance with PRC GAAP to a statutory general reserve fund until the amounts in said fundreaches 50% of their registered capital. Allocations to these statutory reserve funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not transferable to us in the formof loans, advances, or cash dividends. Any limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to transfer funds to us could materially and adversely limit our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends and otherwise fund and conduct our business.PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary toliability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital ordistribute profits.SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing andRoundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as “SAFECircular 75” promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of the SAFE in connection with theirdirect establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets orequity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a “special purpose vehicle.” SAFE Circular 37 furtherrequires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capitalcontributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in aspecial purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profitdistributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent crossborder foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted inits ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described abovecould result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for theForeign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015 by SAFE, local banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration foroverseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under SAFE Circular 37 from June 1, 2015.14Table of ContentsAccording to SAFE Circular 37, our shareholders or beneficial owners, who are PRC residents, are subject to SAFE Circular 37 or other foreign exchangeadministrative regulations in respect of their investment in our company. We have notified substantial beneficial owners of ordinary shares who we know are PRCresidents of their filing obligations. Nevertheless, we may not be aware of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. We do not havecontrol over our beneficial owners and there can be no assurance that all of our PRCresident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE Circular 37 and subsequentimplementation rules, and there is no assurance that the registration under SAFE Circular 37 and any amendment will be completed in a timely manner, or will becompleted at all. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their foreign exchange registrations in a timely manner pursuant toSAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with theregistration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to fines andlegal sanctions. Such failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiary and limitour PRC subsidiary’s ability to distribute dividends to our company. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and resultsof operations.Furthermore, SAFE Circular 37 is unclear how this regulation, and any future regulation concerning offshore or crossborder transactions, will be interpreted,amended and implemented by the relevant PRC government authorities, and we cannot predict how these regulations will affect our business operations or futurestrategy. Failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRCsubsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to us. These risks could in the future have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results ofoperations.We may be unable to complete a business combination transaction efficiently or on favorable terms due to complicated merger and acquisition regulationswhich became effective on September 8, 2006.On August 9, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the China Securities Regulatory Commission, promulgated the Regulation on Mergers and Acquisitionsof Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006, and was subsequently amended in 2009. This regulation, among otherthings, governs the approval process of a PRC company’s participation in an acquisition of assets or equity interests. Depending on the structure of the transaction,the regulation requires the PRC parties to make a series of applications and supplemental applications to the government agencies for approval of acquisition ofassets or equity interests from other entity. In some instances, the application process may require a presentation of economic data concerning the transaction,including appraisals of the target business and evaluations of the acquirer, which are designed to allow the government to assess viability of the transaction.Government approvals will have expiration dates, by which a transaction must be completed and reported to the government agencies. Compliance with theregulation is likely to be more time consuming and expensive than it was in the past, and provides the government more controls over business combination of twoenterprises. As a result, our ability to engage in business combination transactions has become significantly more complicated, time consuming, and expensive. Wemay not be able to negotiate a transaction that is acceptable to our stockholders or sufficiently protect their interests in a transaction.The regulation allows PRC governmental agencies to assess the economic terms of a business combination transaction. Parties to a business combinationtransaction may have to submit to MOFCOM and other relevant government agencies an appraisal report, an evaluation report, and the acquisition agreement, all ofwhich were a part of the application for approval, depending on the structure of the transaction. The regulation also prohibits a transaction with an acquisition priceobviously lower than the appraised value of the PRC business or assets and in certain transaction structures, and requires consideration being paid within a definedperiod, generally not in excess of a year. The regulation also limits our ability to negotiate various terms of the acquisition, including the initial consideration,contingent consideration, holdback provisions, indemnification provisions, and provisions related to the assumption and allocation of assets and liabilities.Transaction structures involving trusts, nominees and similar entities are prohibited. Therefore, such regulation may impede our ability to negotiate and complete abusiness combination transaction on financial terms that satisfy our investors and protect our stockholders’ economic interests.15Table of ContentsPRC regulation of loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion mayrestrict or prevent us from using the proceeds of our future financings to make loans to our PRC subsidiaries, or to make additional capital contributions toour PRC subsidiary.We, as an offshore holding company, are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC subsidiary, which are treated as foreigninvestedenterprises under PRC laws, through loans or capital contributions. However, loans by us to any PRC subsidiary to finance its activities cannot exceed statutorylimits and must be registered with the local counterpart of SAFE and capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary are subject to the requirement of making necessaryfilings in the Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System, and registration with other governmental authorities in China.SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital ofForeigninvested Enterprises, or Circular 19, effective on June 1, 2015, in replacement of the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvementof the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign Invested Enterprises, or Circular 142, the Notice from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Exchange Businesses, or Circular 59, and theCircular on Further Clarification and Regulation of the Issues Concerning the Administration of Certain Capital Account Foreign Exchange Businesses, orCircular 45. According to Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of a foreigninvestedcompany is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans, the repayment of interenterprise loans or the repayment ofbank loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of aforeign invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within the PRC, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFEwill permit such capital to be used for equity investments in the PRC in actual practice. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, whichreiterates some of the rules set forth in Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registeredcapital of a foreigninvested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to grant loans to nonassociated enterprises.Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. Circular 19 and Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer anyforeign currency we hold, including the net proceeds from our future financings, to our PRC subsidiary, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability tofund and expand our business in the PRC.Due to the restrictions imposed on loans in foreign currencies extended to any PRC domestic companies, we are not likely to make such loans to any of our PRCsubsidiaries. Meanwhile, we are not likely to finance the activities of our subsidiaries by means of capital contributions given the restrictions on foreign investmentin the businesses that are currently conducted by our subsidiaries.In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannotassure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, withrespect to future loans to our PRC subsidiary or any consolidated variable interest entity or future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiary. As a result,uncertainties exist as to our ability to provide prompt financial support to our PRC subsidiaries when needed. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain suchapprovals, our ability to use foreign currency, including the proceeds we received from our future financings, and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operationsmay be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.16Table of ContentsAny failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal oradministrative sanctions.Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas nonpubliclylisted companies may submit applications to SAFE orits local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. In the meantime, our directors, executive officers andother employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year, subject to limitedexceptions, and who have been granted restricted shares, options or restricted share units, or RSUs, by us or our overseas listed subsidiaries may follow the Noticeon Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company,issued by SAFE in February 2012, to apply for the foreign exchange registration. According to those regulations, employees, directors and other managementmembers participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC citizens residing in China for acontinuous period of not less than one year, subject to limited exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which may be aPRC subsidiary of the overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines andlegal sanctions and may also limit their ability to make payment under the relevant equity incentive plans or receive dividends or sales proceeds related thereto inforeign currencies, or our ability to contribute additional capital into our domestic subsidiaries in China and limit our domestic subsidiaries’ ability to distributedividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties under PRC law that could restrict our ability or the ability of our overseas listed subsidiaries to adoptadditional equity incentive plans for our directors and employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period ofnot less than one year, subject to limited exceptions.In addition, the State Administration of Taxation has issued circulars concerning employee share options, restricted shares or RSUs. Under these circulars,employees working in the PRC who exercise share options, or whose restricted shares or RSUs vest, will be subject to PRC individual income tax. The PRCsubsidiaries of an overseas listed company have obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authoritiesand to withhold individual income taxes of those employees related to their share options, restricted shares or RSUs. If the employees fail to pay, or the PRCsubsidiaries fail to withhold, their income taxes according to relevant laws, rules and regulations, the PRC subsidiaries may face sanctions imposed by the taxauthorities.Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a “resident enterprise” of China. Such classification will likely result in unfavorable taxconsequences to us and our nonPRC shareholders.On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress of China passed a new Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law. On November 28, 2007, the State Council ofChina passed its implementing rules, which took effect on January 1, 2008. Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto managementbodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise,” meaning that it can be treated in a manner similar to a Chinese enterprise for enterprise income taxpurposes. The implementing rules of the EIT Law define de facto management as “substantial and overall management and control over the production andoperations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise.On April 22, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice Concerning Relevant Issues Regarding Cognizance of Chinese Investment ControlledEnterprises Incorporated Offshore as Resident Enterprises. According to the Criteria of de facto Management Bodies, or the Notice, further interprets the applicationof the EIT Law and its implementation nonChinese enterprise or group controlled offshore entities. Pursuant to the Notice, an enterprise incorporated in an offshorejurisdiction and controlled by a Chinese enterprise or group will be classified as a “nondomestically incorporated resident enterprise” if (i) its senior management incharge of daily operations reside or perform their duties mainly in China; (ii) its financial or personnel decisions are made or approved by bodies or persons in China;(iii) its substantial assets and properties, accounting books, corporate chops, board and shareholder minutes are kept in China; and (iv) at least half of its directorswith voting rights or senior management often resident in China. A resident enterprise would be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on its worldwideincome and must pay a withholding tax at a rate of 10%, when paying dividends to its nonPRC shareholders. However, it remains unclear as to whether the Notice isapplicable to an offshore enterprise incorporated by a Chinese natural person, nor detailed measures on imposition of tax from nondomestically incorporatedresident enterprises are available. Therefore, it is unclear how tax authorities will determine tax residency based on the facts of each case.17Table of ContentsWe may be deemed to be a resident enterprise by Chinese tax authorities. If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for the PRCenterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on financingproceeds and nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although, under the EIT Law and its implementingrules, dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued a guidance with respect to the processingof outbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for the PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidanceissued with respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation, which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to ournonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC stockholders from transferring our shares.Our failure to fully comply with PRC laws relating to social insurance and housing accumulation fund may expose it to potential administrative penalties. The PRC laws and regulations require all employers in China to fully contribute their own portion to the social insurance and housing accumulation funds for theiremployees within a certain period of time. Failure to do so may expose the employers to make rectification for the unpaid contributions by the relevant laborauthority. As of the date of this report, Hongri PRC has not paid housing accumulation funds for its employees. In addition, Hongri PRC failed to make contributions to thesocial insurance in full amount for its employees before 2014. PRC governmental authorities may impose penalties on Hongri PRC for failure to comply. In addition, inthe event that any current or former employee files a complaint with the PRC government, Hongri PRC may be subject to making up the contributions to the socialinsurance and housing accumulation funds as well as paying administrative fines. The total cost of these contributions and any related fines or penalties could besignificant and could have a material adverse effect on our working capital. We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Chinese anticorruption laws, and any determination that we violated these lawscould have a material adverse effect on our business. We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act, or FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and theirofficials and political parties by U.S. persons and issuers as defined by the statute, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have operations,agreements with third parties, and make most of our sales in China. The PRC also strictly prohibits bribery of government officials. Our activities in China create therisk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company, even though they may not alwaysbe subject to our control. It is our policy to implement safeguards to discourage these practices by our employees. However, our existing safeguards and any futureimprovements may prove to be less than effective, and the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company may engage in conduct for whichwe might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA or Chinese anticorruption laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to otherliabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the U.S. government may seek to hold our Companyliable for successor liability FCPA violations committed by companies in which we invest or that we acquire. If we become directly subject to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.listed Chinese companies, we may have to expendsignificant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations, stock price and reputation, and could result in a loss ofyour investment in our stock, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favorably. In the past few years, U.S. publicly traded companies that have substantially all of their operations in China, particularly companies like us have been the subject ofintense scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators, and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism,and negative publicity has centered around financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, lacking effective internal controls over financial accounting,inadequate corporate governance policies or lacking of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, criticism, and negativepublicity, the publicly traded stocks of many U.S. listed Chinese companies have sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, have become virtually worthless.Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions, and are conducting internal and external investigations into theallegations. It is not clear the effect of this sectorwide scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity will have on our Company, our business, and our stock price. If webecome the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources toinvestigate such allegations defending our Company. This situation will be costly, time consuming, and distract our management from growing our company.18Table of ContentsThe disclosures in our reports and other filings with the SEC and our other public pronouncements will not be subject to the scrutiny of any regulatory bodiesin the PRC. Accordingly, our public disclosure should be reviewed in light of the fact that no governmental agency that is located in China where all of ouroperations and business are located have conducted any due diligence on our operations or reviewed or cleared any of our disclosure. Unlike public reporting companies whose operations are located primarily in the United States, however, all of our operations will be located in China. Since all of ouroperations and business takes place in China, it may be more difficult for the Staff of the SEC to overcome the geographic and cultural obstacles that are presentwhen reviewing our disclosure. These same obstacles are not present for similar companies whose operations or business take place entirely or primarily in theUnited States. Furthermore, our SEC reports and other disclosure and public pronouncements are not subject to the review or scrutiny of any PRC regulatoryauthority. For example, the disclosure in our SEC reports and other filings are not subject to the review of the CSRC, a PRC regulator that is tasked with oversight ofthe capital markets in China. Accordingly, you should review our SEC reports, filings and our other public pronouncements with the understanding that no localregulator has done any due diligence on our company and with the understanding that none of our SEC reports, other filings or any of our other publicpronouncements has been reviewed or otherwise been scrutinized by any local regulator. Proceedings instituted by the SEC against five PRCbased accounting firms could result in financial statements being determined to be not in compliance withthe requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.In December 2012, the SEC instituted proceedings under Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) of the SEC’s Rules of Practice against five PRCbased accounting firms alleging that thesefirms had violated U.S. securities laws and the SEC’s rules and regulations thereunder by failing to provide to the SEC the firms’ work papers related to their audits ofcertain PRCbased companies that are publicly traded in the United States. Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) grants to the SEC the authority to deny to any person, temporarily orpermanently, the ability to practice before the SEC who is found by the SEC, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, to have willfully violated, or willfully aidedand abetted the violation of, any such laws or rules and regulations. On January 22, 2014, an initial administrative law decision was issued, sanctioning four of theseaccounting firms and suspending them from practicing before the SEC for a period of six months. The sanction will not take effect until there is an order ofeffectiveness issued by the SEC. In February 2014, four of these PRCbased accounting firms filed a petition for review of the initial decision. In February 2015, eachof these four accounting firms agreed to a censure and to pay fine to the SEC to settle the dispute with the SEC. The settlement stays the current proceeding for fouryears, during which time the firms are required to follow detailed procedures to seek to provide the SEC with access to Chinese firms’ audit documents via the CSRC.If a firm does not follow the procedures, the SEC would impose penalties such as suspensions, or commence a new, expedited administrative proceeding against thenoncompliant firm or it could restart the administrative proceeding against all four firms.If our independent registered public accounting firm were denied, temporarily or permanently, the ability to practice before the SEC, and we are unable to find in atimely manner another registered public accounting firm which can audit and issue a report on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determinedto not be in compliance with the requirements for financial statements of public companies with a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the SEC’s revocation of the registration of our common stock under theExchange Act, which would cause the immediate delisting of our common stock from the NASDAQ Capital Market, and the effective termination of the tradingmarket for our common stock in the United States, which would likely have a significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.19Table of ContentsOur holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should we decide inthe future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depend upon the receipts of dividends or other payments fromour operating subsidiaries, other holdings, and investments. In addition, our operating subsidiaries, from time to time, may be subject to restrictions on their abilityto make distributions to us, including as a result of restrictive covenants in loan agreements, restrictions on the conversion of local currency into U.S. dollars orother hard currency, and other regulatory restrictions as discussed below. If future dividends are paid in RMB, fluctuations in the exchange rate for conversion ofRMB into U.S. dollars may reduce the amount received by the U.S. stockholders upon conversion of dividend payments into U.S. dollars.Chinese regulations currently permit the payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards andregulations. Our subsidiaries in China are also required to set aside a portion of their aftertax profits to fund certain reserve funds according to the Chineseaccounting standards and regulations. Currently, our subsidiaries in China are the only sources of revenues or investment holdings for the payment of dividends. Ifthey do not accumulate sufficient profits under Chinese accounting standards and regulations to satisfy certain reserve funds as required by the Chineseaccounting standards, we will be unable to pay any dividends.Aftertax profits/losses with respect to the payment of dividends from accumulated profits and the annual appropriation of aftertax profits as calculated pursuant tothe Chinese accounting standards and regulations do not result in significant differences as compared to aftertax earnings as presented in our financial statements.However, there are certain differences between PRC accounting standards and regulations and U.S. GAAP, arising from different treatment of items such asamortization of intangible assets and change in fair value of contingent consideration rising from business combinations.RISKS RELATED TO THIS OFFERING AND THE MARKET FOR OUR SECURITIES GENERALLYIf we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of NASDAQ, we would face possible delisting, which would result in a limited public market for ourshares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Our common stock is traded and listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “KBSF.” The common stock may be delisted if we fail to maintain certainNasdaq listing requirements. For instance, companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bidprice per share of $1.00 for 30 consecutive business days. On March 3, 2016, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the 30 consecutive businessdays between January 20, 2016 and March 2, 2016, the bid price of our common stock closed below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQListing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued inclusion on The NASDAQ Capital Market. In accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we had an initial graceperiod of 180 calendar days, or until August 30, 2016, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. After the Company effectuated a oneforfifteenreverse stock split of the outstanding common stock, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq on February 27, 2017 stating that because the Company maintainedthe closing bid price of its common stock at $1.00 per share or greater from February 9 to February 24, 2017, they determined that the Company has regainedcompliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement.We cannot ensure you that we will continue to comply with the requirements for continued listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If our commonstock is no longer listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market, our shares would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our shares could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, andsecurity analysts’ coverage of us may be reduced. In addition, in the event our shares are delisted, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed uponthem, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions in our shares, further limiting the liquidity of our shares. These factors could result in lowerprices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our shares. Such delisting from The NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our shareprice could also greatly impair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing, and could significantly increase the ownershipdilution to shareholders caused by our issuing equity in financing or other transactions.20Table of ContentsIf we were delisted from NASDAQ, we may become subject to the trading complications experienced by “Penny Stocks” in the overthecounter market.Delisting from NASDAQ may cause our shares of common stock to become the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. The SEC generally defines a penny stock as an equitysecurity that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. One such exemption is tobe listed on NASDAQ. The market price of our common stock is currently higher than $1.00 per share. However, because the daily trading volume in our commonstock is very low, significant price movement can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Therefore, were we to be delisted from NASDAQ,our common stock may become subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. These rules require, among other things, that any broker engaging in a purchase or sale ofour securities provide its customers with: (i) a risk disclosure document, (ii) disclosure of market quotations, if any, (iii) disclosure of the compensation of the brokerand its salespersons in the transaction and (iv) monthly account statements showing the market values of our securities held in the customer’s accounts. A brokerwould be required to provide the bid and offer quotations and compensation information before effecting the transaction. This information must be contained on thecustomer’s confirmation. Generally, brokers are less willing to effect transactions in penny stocks due to these additional delivery requirements. These requirementsmay make it more difficult for shareholders to purchase or sell our shares. Because the broker, not us, prepares this information, we would not be able to assure thatsuch information is accurate, complete or current.Trading in our shares over the last three months has been very limited, so our stock price is highly volatile, leading to the possibility that you may not be able tosell as much stock as you want at prevailing prices.Because approximately 70% of our then issued and outstanding shares of common stock was tendered in the tender offering closed on July 29, 2014, we currentlyhave a limited amount of shares eligible for public trading. The average daily trading volume in our common stock over the last three months is very limited. If limitedtrading in our common stock continues, it may be difficult for investors to sell their shares in the public market at any given time at prevailing prices. Moreover, themarket price for shares of our common stock may be made more volatile because of the relatively low volume of trading in our common stock. When trading volumeis low, significant price movement of our common stock can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Volatility in our common stock couldcause stockholders to incur substantial losses.Numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly.There are numerous additional factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly. Thesefactors include:●our earnings releases, actual or anticipated changes in our earnings, fluctuations in our operating results or our failure to meet the expectations of financialmarket analysts and investors;●changes in financial estimates by us or by any securities analysts who might cover our shares;●speculation about our business in the press or the investment community;●significant developments relating to our relationships with our customers or suppliers;●stock market price and volume fluctuations of other publicly traded companies and, in particular, those that are in our industries;●customer demand for our products;●investor perceptions of our industry in general and our company in particular;●the operating and stock performance of comparable companies;●general economic conditions and trends;●major catastrophic events;●announcements by us or our competitors of new products, significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships or divestitures;●changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretation or principles;●loss of external funding sources;●sales of our shares, including sales by our directors, officers or significant shareholders; and●additions or departures of key personnel.21Table of ContentsSecurities class action litigation is often instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their share price. This type of litigation could result insubstantial costs to us and divert our management’s attention and resources. Moreover, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price andvolume fluctuations for reasons unrelated to operating performance of particular companies. For example, in July 2008, the securities markets in the United States,China and other jurisdictions experienced the largest decline in share prices since September 2001. These market fluctuations may adversely affect the price of ourshares and other interests in our company at a time when you want to sell your interest in us.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and do not anticipate paying any cashdividends on our shares. Accordingly, investors must be prepared to rely on sales of their shares after price appreciation to earn an investment return, which maynever occur. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our shares. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion ofour Board of Directors, and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable laws, and otherfactors our board deems relevant.Certain of our shareholders hold a significant percentage of our outstanding voting securities.Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, is the beneficial owner of approximately 37% of our outstanding voting securities. As a result, hepossesses significant influence and can elect a majority of our board of directors and authorize or prevent proposed significant corporate transactions. Hisownership and control may also have the effect of delaying or preventing a future change in control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other businesscombination or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer.Our outstanding warrants may adversely affect the market price of our shares of common stock.There are currently 393,836 warrants outstanding. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50. The sale orpossibility of sale of the shares underlying the warrants could have an adverse effect on the market price for our shares of common stock or our ability to obtainfuture financing. If and to the extent these warrants are exercised, you may experience dilution to your holdings.You will not be able to exercise your redeemable warrants if we do not have an effective registration statement and a prospectus in place when you desire to doso.No redeemable warrants will be exercisable, and we will not be obligated to issue shares of common stock upon exercise of redeemable warrants by a holder unless,at the time of such exercise, we have a registration statement or posteffective amendment under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuableupon the exercise of the redeemable warrants and a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Under the terms of a redeemable warrant agreementbetween American Stock Transfer & Trust Company as warrant agent, and us, we have agreed to use our best efforts to have a registration statement in effectcovering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants from the date the redeemable warrants become exercisable and to maintain acurrent prospectus relating to shares of common stock until the redeemable warrants expire or are redeemed, and to take such action as is necessary to qualify theshares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants for sale in those states in which the IPO was initially qualified. However, we cannotassure you that we will be able to do so. We may be unable to have a registration statement in effect covering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of theredeemable warrants or to maintain a current prospectus relating to such shares of common stock if, for example, we lack the current financial statements necessaryto be included in such registration statement or prospectus. We have no obligation to settle the redeemable warrants for cash, in any event, and the redeemablewarrants may not be exercised and we will not deliver securities therefor in the absence of an effective registration statement and a prospectus available for use. Theredeemable warrants may be deprived of any value, the market for the redeemable warrants may be limited if there is no registration statement in effect covering theshares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the redeemable warrants or the prospectus relating to the shares of common stock issuable upon the exerciseof the redeemable warrants is not current and the redeemable warrants may expire worthless. If you are unable to exercise or sell your redeemable warrants, you willhave paid the full unit price for only the shares of common stock underlying the units.22Table of ContentsHolders of warrants included in the placement units may exercise these warrants even if an effective registration statement and a prospectus is not in place,which means they may be able to exercise such warrants while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.Unlike the warrants underlying the units issued in connection with our IPO, the warrants included in the placement units will not be restricted from being exercisedin the absence of a registration statement under the Securities Act in effect covering the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the such warrantsand a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Therefore, the holders thereof will be able to exercise such warrants regardless of whether the issuanceof the underlying shares of common stock is registered under the Securities Act, while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.We are a “foreign private issuer” and have disclosure obligations that are different than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. Therefore, you should notexpect to receive the same information about us as a U.S. domestic reporting company may provide. Furthermore, if we or lose our status as a foreign privateissuer, we would be required to fully comply with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers and incur significantoperational, administrative, legal, and accounting costs that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer.We are a foreign private issuer. As a result, we are not subject to certain of the requirements imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the SEC. For example, we arenot required by the SEC or the federal securities laws to issue quarterly reports or file proxy statements with the SEC. We are also allowed to file our annual reportwith the SEC within four months of our fiscal year end. We are also not required to disclose certain detailed information regarding executive compensation that isrequired from U.S. domestic issuers. Further, our directors and executive officers are not required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Securities Act. Asa foreign private issuer, we are also exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups ofinvestors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. We are, however, still subject to the antifraud and antimanipulation rules ofthe SEC, such as Rule 10b5. Since many of the disclosure obligations required of us as a foreign private issuer are different than those required by U.S. domesticreporting companies, our shareholders should not expect to receive all of the same types of information about us and at the same time as information is receivedfrom, or provided by, U.S. domestic reporting companies. We are liable for violations of the rules and regulations of the SEC, which do apply to us as a foreignprivate issuer. Violations of these rules could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain NASDAQ corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. Thismay afford less protection to holders of our securities.We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. As a foreign private issuer,we are permitted to follow the governance practices of our home country, the Republic of the Marshall Islands in lieu of certain corporate governance requirementsof Nasdaq. As result, the standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not requiredto:●have a compensation committee and a nominating committee to be comprised solely of “independent directors; and●hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the Company’s fiscal yearend.As a result, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.Future sales or perceived sales of our shares of common stock could depress our stock price.As of the date of this report, we have 2,591,299 shares of common stock outstanding. Many of these shares will become eligible for sale in the public market, subjectto limitations imposed by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. If the holders of these shares were to attempt to sell a substantial amount of their holdings at once, themarket price of our common stock could decline. Moreover, the perceived risk of this potential dilution could cause shareholders to attempt to sell their shares andinvestors to short the common stock, a practice in which an investor sells shares that he or she does not own at prevailing market prices, hoping to purchase shareslater at a lower price to cover the sale. As each of these events would cause the number of shares of our common stock being offered for sale to increase, ourcommon stock market price would likely further decline. All of these events could combine to make it very difficult for us to sell equity or equityrelated securities inthe future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.23Table of ContentsHolders of our securities may face difficulties in protecting their interests because we are incorporated under the Republic of the Marshall Islands law.We are a company incorporated under the laws of the Marshall Islands, and almost all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, majority of ourdirectors and officers, and their assets, are located outside of the United States. As a result, you may have difficulty serving legal process within the United Statesupon us or any of these persons. You may also have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside the United States, judgments you may obtain in U.S. courts against usor these persons in any action, including actions based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal or state securities laws. You may also have difficultybringing an original action in the appropriate court of the Marshall Islands to enforce liabilities against us or any person based upon the U.S. federal securities laws.Provisions of our articles of incorporation may impede a takeover or make it more difficult for shareholders to change the direction or management of theCompany, which could reduce shareholders’ opportunity to influence management of the Company.Our articles of incorporation permit our board of directors to issue up to five million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 from time to time, with suchrights and preferences as they consider appropriate. These terms may include voting rights including the right to vote as a series on particular matters, preferencesas to dividends and liquidation, conversion rights and redemption rights provisions. The issuance of any preferred stock could reduce the value of our commonstock. In addition, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell assets to, a third party. Theability of the board of directors to issue preferred stock could make it more difficult, delay, discourage, prevent or make it more costly to acquire or effect a changeincontrol, which in turn could prevent shareholders from recognizing a gain in the event that a favorable offer is extended and could materially and negatively affectthe market price of our common stock.ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANYA.History and Development of the CompanyWe are a Republic of the Marshall Islands Company incorporated under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BDA”) on January 26, 2012. We wereoriginally organized under the name “Aquasition Corp.” for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, orsimilar acquisition transaction, one or more operating businesses or assets. The address of the Company’s principal executive office is Xingfengge Building,Baogaiyupu Industrial Park, Shishi City, Fujian Province of china.On March 24, 2014, we entered into a share exchange agreement and plan of liquidation (the “Exchange Agreement”), with KBS International, Hongri International, athen wholly owned subsidiary of KBS International and Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, each an individual and shareholder of KBS International (each, a“Principal Stockholder”). The Exchange Agreement was subsequently amended on June 21, 2014. The transactions contemplated in the Exchange Agreement (the“Share Exchange”) were closed on August 1, 2014. At the closing, we acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interest in Hongri International from KBSInternational. In exchange, we issued an aggregate of 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company to KBS International. In addition, on July 29, 2014, wecompleted a tender offer related to the Share Exchange and redeemed the 332,116 shares of common stock validly tendered and not withdrawn. Pursuant to theExchange Agreement, KBS International was liquidated and dissolved in August 2014 and the 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company were distributed toeach shareholder of KBS International according to their respective ownership of KBS International. As a result, following the consummation of the Share Exchange,we had a total of 1,694,489 shares of common stock outstanding.24Table of ContentsOn October 31, 2014, we held a special shareholder meeting and amended our Articles of Incorporation to change our name to KBS Fashion Group Limited.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.On March 29, 2016, we granted an aggregate of 73,334 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their past services in 2015 and future services to be provided in 2016.On July 10, 2017, we granted an aggregate of 215,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company as compensationsfor their services.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their services.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 registered shares of common stock pursuant to our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to our executive officers,directors and certain employees as compensations for their services.On March 29, 2019, our board of directors approved the issuance of 15,000 shares of common stock to our Investor Relationship firm as compensation for theirservices. The issuance of the shares was made in reliance on the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), for theoffer and sale of securities not involving a public offering, and Regulation S promulgated thereunder. None of the shares have been registered under the Act andneither may be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.25Table of ContentsCorporate StructureAll of our business operations are conducted through our PRC subsidiaries. The chart below presents our corporate structure as of the date of this report. The Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regardingissuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.Our web site address is http://www.kbsfashion.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of thisAnnual Report.Principal Capital Expenditures and DivestituresFor the year ended December 31, 2018, our total capital expenditures and divestitures were $nil. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, our total capitalexpenditures and divestitures were $849,199 and $45,445, respectively. Such expenditures were primarily used construction of production facility and purchasing fireprotection facility. Our operating cash flow mainly funded these capital expenditures.B.Business OverviewWe are a leading casual menswear company in China with a demonstrated track record of designing, marketing, and selling our own line of fashion menswear. Ourproducts include men’s apparel, footwear and accessories, primarily targeting urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 in the Tier II and Tier III cities in China.Tier II cities generally refer to major cities located in each province of China other than the capital city of such province. Tier III cities generally refer to countylevelcities in China. Tier III cities that we focus on are the national top 100 county cities identified by the State Statistics Bureau of China each year. These cities arecharacterized by higher GDP, higher disposable income, better education and better infrastructure as compared with other countylevel cities.26Table of ContentsOur apparel products include outerwear, knitwear, denim, tops, bottoms, accessories and footwear. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products,each year with a different theme to highlight the current trends in menswear for the season.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by the company and 40 franchised stores operated by 14 third party distributors or their subdistributors. The number of stores has grown from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017and 2016, sales through our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues respectively, and sales through distributors and whole sellersaccounted for 73%, 66.5% and 78% of our revenues, respectively. Total revenue from corporate stores sales for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $7.0million for 2017 and $5.53 million for 2016.From 2009 through 2018, total net sales decreased from $28.1 million to $18.53 million while the net profit decreased from $9.0 million to a net loss of $8 million.Our Competitive StrengthsWe believe that the following competitive strengths enable us to compete effectively in and capitalize on the growing casual menswear industry in China.●There is a sizable market for our products. We believe that we have a sizeable potential market. Our target customers are male middleclass consumers inthe 2040 age range. According to the national census in 2018, the population in China between 1659 yearsold was approximately 900 million. Our targetgroup falls into this category and is estimated to be more than 200 million people. As a result of the growing affluence in the PRC and increased purchasingpower of the PRC population, we believe that PRC consumers are becoming more willing and able to purchase casual menswear. In addition, we believe thatthe purchasing decision of PRC consumers is becoming more predicated upon brand image, product design and style, rather than just price considerations.With rising affluence and improvement in lifestyle, we also believe the overall Chinese population is generally growing more brand name conscious andstyle oriented and has shown a propensity for increased spending on casual menswear.●We have a strong focus on design and product development. We believe that our inhouse design and product development capabilities allow us to createunique products that appeal to our customers. We have established a strong inhouse design and product development team of 20 employees as of April26, 2019. Our team identifies new fashion trends by attending fashion shows and exhibitions as well as by drawing from creative ideas in magazines andother media. Each spring and fall, we carefully plan and create a new product line for our fall/winter and spring/summer collections of 727 SKU thatencompasses our full range of product offerings, including outerwear, tops, bottoms and accessories. We introduce new design elements into our productlines each season. With our highly skilled and creative team of designers, we have extensive experience in creating unique designs to meet the preferencesand needs of our target customer base.●Our trademarked brand has earned a following in China. Our brand was developed in 2006. Our marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design andmade for Chinese.” Our customers are middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range. We believe that their products’ concept, marketing, design andpackaging fully match with the prowestern attitude and life styles of their target customers. We believe the KBS brand is essential to our success topenetrate to the casual menswear market in China.●We have an extensive and wellmanaged nationwide distribution network. We have an extensive distribution network throughout China. As of December31, 2018, we had 1 KBS branded corporate stores and 32 franchised stores across 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. TheKBS branded corporate stores are required to sell only our products. We have been building up our selected distributor network since 2007. As ofDecember 31, 2018, we had 11 distributors operating 32 franchised stores. All of our distributors have been working with us from 1 to 10 years. We selectour distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry, sales channels, business resources, brand promotioncapabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. Our distributors help us respond to changing consumer tastes in a timelymanner by providing regular feedback on our products at our semiannual sales fairs and frequent communications. The financial resources of ourdistributors allow us to expand our retail network with less working capital investment from us than would be required for establishing direct stores, as ourdistributors are responsible for the store rentals and cost of inventory in their stores. We sold a substantial amount of our products through ourdistributors, which have allowed us to distribute our products to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge ofour distributors and their sub distributors. We believe that our distribution network has enabled us to expand our business and increase our salesefficiently and with less operational risk. This model has also minimized our operational risk because we typically start production after we receive ordersfrom our distributors. We believe that using a distribution network to sell a substantial amount of our KBS products has enabled us to devote ourresources to our core competitive strengths of design, brand management and product development.27Table of Contents●We have an experienced management team. Our management team has extensive R&D, marketing and financial experience, led by our Chief ExecutiveOfficer, Mr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has over 27 years of experience in the apparel industry and also has developed a differentiated product by internationalcooperation with a Korean designer. After working in the garment industry for more than 16 years, Mr. Yan acquired and developed the KBS brand. Withhis strong understanding of the apparel industry, Mr. Yan has successfully established this brand name in the market. We are committed to attract andretain top management level executives who we believe are and will continue to be the driving force behind our product development and growth.Our Growth StrategyWe intend to further strengthen our market position in the casual menswear market in China by implementing the following strategies:●We plan to expand our online business and purchase one or more online sales platforms or online stores. Together with the change in consumer trends,online sales is now the most important sales channel in Chinese market and is becoming increasingly important globally. Sales from our stores anddistributors have been steadily decreasing, and we are now in the process of identifying the best possible ways to establish and expand our onlinebusiness. We plan to research and purchase one or more online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that KBS will have better opportunities toexpand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores in year 2019, and the management of KBS will keep on exploring other areas and businessmodels, such as the use of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends. We consider that ourpolicy to expand our outreach using new technologies will add significant shareholder value.●We plan to expand our OEM sales by attracting more reputable and longterm clients. We just had the renewal of a framework sales contract with twomajor current customers: Hangzhou Zhi Yin Apparel Clothes Co., Ltd and Hangzhou Yiyuan Apparel Co., Ltd. These two sales contracts are expected togenerate approximately RMB 28 million in total, of which RMB 20 million relates to Hangzhou Ziyin of new 450,000 orders and RMB 8 million relates toHangzhou Yiyuan of new 160,000 orders for this year. We are also expanding our OEM business and to get more clients, especially to focus on onlineproviders, as they have expanded their market share over the past years quickly together with the change in Chinese consumer’s preferences and occupy alarge market share. By the time when we start executing the orders, we expect that we can have sustainable and increasing business.●We plan to invest in a Greece Based Private Smart Tech Apparel Company. We signed a letter of intent with Tribe, one of the most innovative smartclothing technology companies internationally. If the transaction is consummated, we conceive that this investment will enhance and expand significantlyour client network and products offering. The smart clothing market is expected to surpass the 2 trillion US dollars in size in 2019 and we believe we are wellpositioned to capture a part of this market in the wider region.28Table of Contents●We plan to continue to raise the profile of the KBS brand through enhanced advertising and promotional activities. We believe that the strongassociation of KBS brand with our concept of “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese” has helped drive our brand positioning and customers’receptivity to our products. We intend to further build our brand and deliver a consistent brand image from product design to sales and marketing. We seekto promote and enhance our presence in China’s casual menswear market by continuing to adopt proactive marketing strategies and produce high quality,well designed casual menswear for our target market. In particular, we aim to increase awareness of our brand through: (1) multichannel advertisingstrategies through national television, fashion magazines, billboards and other media channels; (2) further assisting our distributors’ regional advertisingefforts; (3) distinctive store and product launch campaigns, including special events for new product launches and largescale grand opening events fornew stores, particularly new corporate stores; (4) update of the decoration and layout of a number of existing stores which have been in operation for yearsto improve the shopping experience; (5) participation in fashion shows; and (6) sponsorships of selected highimpact events. We believe that theseadvertising and promotional activities will help to further strengthen brand awareness in our target market and enhance customer loyalty.●We plan to expand and build upon our design and product development capabilities. We intend to further strengthen our design and productdevelopment capabilities by accelerating the commercialization of design concepts, expanding our product offerings and continuing to develop what webelieve is unique casual menswear. We plan to further invest in design and product development and expand our design and product development team byattracting talented designers, either domestic or international, and training young graduates from leading fashion design institutes. We believe thatcombining western fashion design experience with our local designer’s understanding of the China market and aesthetic will enable us to create fashionableyet popular casual menswear for consumers in China. We also intend to cooperate with our suppliers to develop new materials and fabrics which we believewill give customers a unique fashion product and create new market opportunities. We believe that our focus on designing unique and quality casualmenswear will allow us to maintain our competitiveness and help to enhance our sales and overall profitability.●We plan to expand our production capacity to expand and diversify our product offerings. Our production facility is located in Taihu City, AnhuiProvince, China, consisting of total 110,557 square meters of land. Currently this facility has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per yearand can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famous sportswear producers, some successful onlinebrand stores and fulfill some overseas orders. The construction of our facility commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases: Phase 1 consists of theconstruction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We have completed theconstruction of facilities for Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Although we have the designed capacity of 5 million pieces yearly, the facilitycurrently may only produce 2 million pieces per year. Phase 3 construction has been delayed because the local government needs additional time toconclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 canbe continued. Phase 4 will include production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quarters and livingfacilities. Upon completion, the new facility is expected to have a production capacity of 20 million pieces and accommodate 5,000 workers. Please see“Production” below for a more complete explanation of our plans for the expansion of our production capacity. We anticipate that the new productionfacility will allow us to further refine our existing product lines by offering more styles within our existing apparel and accessories categories and tointroduce additional, complementary apparel and accessories categories into our product line. We currently introduce 500 to 900 different styles ofproducts each year and intend to increase the number of our product offerings in the future.●We plan to expand our international market and attract more orders from overseas. Starting from year 2016, we have been awarded international OEMorders for producing clothes with overseas brands. Such orders are usually large and continuous. Due to the completion of phase 2 construction of ourAnhui factory, we have enough production capacity to take on large orders. The current utilization rate of the Anhui factory is still quite low and we expectto invest more in attracting more large orders from overseas.The KBS BrandWe are engaged in a highly competitive industry in which brand image and recognition is critical to attracting customers to purchase our products. We haveadopted KBS as a uniform brand name and image for all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. The KBS brand was created byMs. Qinghua Ye in 2006 and registered with the trademark administration authority in 2008. Subsequently, Ms. Ye assigned the KBS trademark to Hongri PRC in2008. In 2009, Hongri PRC transferred this trademark to France Cock, which then licensed such trademark back to Hongri PRC. Based on our sharp rise in revenuesince 2006, we believe that the KBS brand has gained a following in the casual menswear market in the cities where our products are sold.29Table of ContentsTo promote our brand, we have developed and implemented brand management policies in all of our corporate stores and franchised stores. Our brand managementpolicies set out detailed requirements for store decorations and display of products. This enables us to project a consistent brand image. In addition, each season,our design and product development team develops display concepts, including the presentation of our collections in the stores and the color schemes for thebackdrops. We also work closely with our distributors to supervise the daily operations of franchised stores through unscheduled visits to ensure that our brandmanagement policies are properly followed.We may suspend the supply of our products or terminate distribution agreements in the event that any of our distributors or their subdistributors consistently failsto comply with our brand management policies.Our ProductsOur apparel products include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, socks and caps. In 2018, thesuggested retail prices of our products ranged from RMB 15 to RMB1,599 (approximately $2 to $237) for our apparel products and RMB178 to RMB1599(approximately $26 to $236) for our accessory products. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products, each year with a different theme tohighlight the current trends in menswear for the season.Our DesignWe believe one of our key strengths is our internal design and product development team, which designs products that reinforce our brand image. Major parts ofour products are designed by our internal design and product development team with the collaboration of Korean designers. As of December 31, 2018, our designand product development team consisted of 20 members, including one senior designer with over five years of working experience. Final design concepts areapproved by Mr. Keyan Yan, who has more than 27 years of experience in the industry. All of the other designers are graduates of professional design schools inChina. We believe that our design and product development team is innovative and passionate and that the individual experience of each of our designers helpsbring new and exciting products to our customers. Our design and product development team conceptualizes each season’s collections through an interactiveprocess, taking into account our brand strategy, product image and market feedback, drawing inspirations from domestic and international fashion trends andcollaborating with both our suppliers and distributors to finetune our designs. In particular, we collaborate with our suppliers to develop a variety of materials andfabrics for our products. We also involve distributors in our product selection process to take advantage of their market intelligence, which helps us to adapt toconstantly changing customer preferences in local markets. Our designers also attend various domestic and international fashion shows to keep abreast of the latestfashion trends.Starting from year 2015, design of our products comes from three channels. In addition to designing products by our inhouse staff, we outsource to certainreputable designers. From time to time, our ODMs also will directly sell their designed products to us.In a typical year, we design and make around 1,500 prototypes. After the initial product selection, internal cost analysis of approved prototypes and final selectionby distributors at the sales fairs, we eventually select approximately 750 designs for mass production. Final design of all of our products will be approved by ourChairman, Mr. Yan.Our Distribution NetworkWe have established a nationwide distribution network consisting of corporate stores and franchised stores covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrallyadministered municipalities.Corporate StoresAs of December 31, 2018, we owned and operated 1 corporate store with the floor area of approximately 120 square meters. As part of our corporate strategy, weclosed 17 corporate stores in last two years because of the low profitability of certain corporate stores. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, salesthrough our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues, respectively.30Table of ContentsWe directly own and operate our corporate store. This direct control enables us to have closer relationship with our ultimate customers and better understanding ofmarket trends and consumer preferences. Required capital for opening of each store depends on the location and area of the designated store. On average, therenovation cost per store is around $67,000 and the first year of rent payment is around $140,000 including premium paid to the previous owner. Rental period variesfrom two to five years. The total capital required to open a new store is generally around $207,000 per store. Once negotiation of rent is concluded, it takes one totwo months to open up a store. We usually open up stores right before a peak season, such as labor holiday in May, National holiday in October and Chinese NewYear in January/February. On average, new stores break even after one to three months of operation.We currently have one standard designs for our corporate stores located in Fujian Province. They were considered as flagship stores for our distributors’ reference.Because in year 2016 and 2015 we closed some corporate stores, the inventories of these stores were cleared through promotion exhibitions we held in the thirdtiercities at lower prices.For corporate stores opened in second tier cities, we normally have a higher aesthetic standard compared with corporate stores in third and fourth tier cities. Wegenerally locate our corporate stores at street level to access high pedestrian flow. Normally, we will sell inseason stock in our secondtier city corporate stores. Oursecondtier city corporate stores are also designed to showcase our marketability to potential distributors so as to induce them to join our distributorship. For storesopened in the third and fourth tier cities, we normally sell some of our slowmoving or offseason stock at a discount due to our awareness of the generally lesseramount of disposable income available to residents of these cities. During certain times of the year, such as the New Year, Chinese New Year and Labor Day, we willorganize promotional discounts together with our franchised stores to attract more customers and increase our stock turnover.Franchised StoresWe sell a substantial amount of our products to our franchised distributors who in turn sell them to retail customers through KBS branded retail stores operated byour distributors or their subdistributors. Since 2013, we have also been selling products to 3 provincial distributors without their own stores, or the nostoredistributors, on a trial basis. We do not have any ownership in, or controlling relationship with, these franchised stores, but we have entered into distributionagreements with them in the Company’s standard form, pursuant to which we require distributors and their subdistributors to sell only KBS products in thesestores. Distributors are responsible for selecting and ordering products from us and overseeing the sales in the stores operated by them and their subdistributors.By selling directly to our distributors, we can recognize revenues upon delivery to our distributors and delegate the distribution responsibilities to our distributors.This allows us to distribute our merchandise to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge of our distributors and theirsubdistributors. This also minimizes our inventory and sales risks while allowing us to allocate our resources to our core competitive strengths of design, brandmanagement and product development. We believe that our cooperation with distributors has enabled us to expand our business and accelerate our sales growth atmuch lower costs and operational risk and achieve brand recognition throughout China.We have been building up our selected franchised distributor network since 2007. As of December 31, 2018, we had 11 franchised distributors who operated 32 retailstores directly or through their subdistributors, all of which were standalone stores, which were typically located in commercial centers, including departmentstores or shopping malls, in their cities. All these distributors have worked with us for about 1 to 8 years. We have not encountered any material dispute or financialdifficulty with our key distributors. The average floor area of each retail store was approximately 78 square meters as of December 2018. The number of retail storeshas grown significantly in recent years from 7 as of December 31, 2006, with the aggregate floor area increasing from 560 square meters as of December 31, 2006 to2,635 square meters as of December 31, 2018. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, sales through our distributors accounted for 73%, 63.3% and78% of our revenues, respectively. 31Table of ContentsDuring each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we had no customer exceeding 10% of our net sales.Sales generated by our five bestperforming franchised distributors accounted for approximately 29.3%, 23.8% and 28.3% of our revenues in the years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Those top distributors have been with us since 2007 or 2008 and have grown organically with us. At the same time,we are exploring more distributors in other regions including relatively small distributors to grow with their businesses. Although we rely on distributors for thesales and marketing of our products, we believe our business is not substantially dependent on any individual distributor.We are highly selective in appointing distributors. We select our distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry,sales channels, business resources, brand promotion capabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. We maintain good relationshipswith many regional or local distributor candidates which we identify through our internal research and external referrals but only appoint a handful of them tobecome our distributors. We evaluate the relevant experience of the distributor candidates in operating retail stores, their financial condition and sources of fundingrequired for the establishment of a regional distribution network and their ability to develop a network of retail stores in the designated distribution region of a givendistributor before we make any appointment.Once appointed, each distributor must enter into a distribution agreement with us. We do not own any interest in any of our distributors, their subdistributors orthe retail stores they operate. The distribution agreements we typically enter into with distributors do not allow us to be involved in the daily operating, financing orother activities of the distributors, except that distributors need to comply with our brand management policies and pricing and store management guidelines. Keyterms of our standard distribution agreement include:●Product Exclusivity. Our distributors are required to sell only our products at KBS branded retail outlets managed by them or authorized retailers.●Geographic Coverage. Distributors are granted exclusive rights to distribute our products (directly and indirectly through their subdistributors) in theretail stores within the specified geographic area with no overlapping of distributors within our distribution network. However, we retain the right to operatedirect stores anywhere regardless of whether we have appointed distributors there.●Duration. The distribution agreements generally have an initial term of one year and are renewable at our discretion after taking into account factors suchas compliance with our brand management policies and sales performance.●Distributor Pricing. Distributors agree to order our products at a discount from our suggested retail prices. The discounted wholesale prices todistributors are classified into the following three categories: provincial distributor at a discount of 35% of retail price, district distributor is 30% of retailprice and the wholesale distributor is 25% of retail price.●Minimum Purchase Requirement. Each of our distributors is customarily expected to purchase a minimum amount of our products for each trade fair heldbiannually according to their present and expected distribution network. The minimum is typically RMB800,000 (approximately $110,000) for each store.●Payment and Delivery. Normally, we expect distributors to pay us RMB0.5 million (approximately $74,000) to RMB1 million (approximately $148,148) as adeposit upon placing an order. Upon delivery of the orders, we will deduct amounts on deposit from the purchase price. For new and small districtdistributors, we normally require them to pay the balance before the delivery of its products. We may also accept payment on credit terms to the extentrequested by distributors experiencing working capital difficulties or encouraging them to order more. The amount and duration of credit granted to eachdistributor will depend on its financial position and creditworthiness. We handle the arrangements for delivery of our products, but the distributors arenormally expected to bear the related costs and expenses.32Table of Contents●Return of Products. We will only accept product returns from distributors for quality reasons and only if the distributors followed our standard proceduresin processing the returned products. So far, we have not experienced any product returns due to expressed quality reasons.●Retail Pricing. Other than at times when we launch promotional campaigns or adjust our strategies, distributors must adopt, and are required to procuretheir subdistributors to adopt, our suggested retail prices for products. Distributors must obtain our consent before launching any distributor specificspecial offers.●Brand Management. Distributors must comply with our brand management policies and store management guidelines. We may impose penalties, forfeitureof deposit, suspend supply of products and terminate the agreement in the event of any breach of such policies.●Termination. We may generally terminate the distribution agreements and seek indemnification in the event of breach by distributors. In the event of sometypes of breach, we may not terminate the agreement but have other remedies. For example, if a distributor fails to order all products provided for under thedistributorship agreement, we may instead impose forfeiture of deposit or withhold certain benefits.When opening new retail stores, our distributors conduct research on the market potential of the proposed retail sites, after which they will provide us with anapplication for opening a new retail store. In reviewing applications, we consider factors including the store location, store layout, available area, marketopportunities, competitors and estimated sales. We conduct selected onsite investigations to verify applications filed by our distributors. Our retail stores aregenerally located in convenient retail locations in their respective cities and thus benefit from high volumes of pedestrian traffic.Effective monitoring of distributors and their retail stores is critical to our success. We have a team in our marketing, sales and distribution department to monitorour distributors’ and their subdistributors’ performance, who conduct onsite inspections of selected retail stores each quarter without prior notice to ensurecompliance with our store management guidelines. According to the results of our inspections, we, from time to time, make suggestions to our distributors withrespect to the opening or closure of their retail stores. Distributors also need to submit to us their annual/ semiannual plans to estimate their orders for the nextseason and their plan to improve the performance of existing retail stores or expand by opening new retail stores. This reporting system enables us to access uptodate sales projections of our distributors and their subdistributors, which reflects the overall level of retail sales of our products. It also provides us with theexpansion plan of each distributor which helps us prepare our overall development plan in a more accurate manner.We invite our distributors, as well as a select number of their subdistributors and retail store managers, to attend our sales fairs, which are held twice a year. Duringthe sales fairs, we discuss with our distributors and their subdistributors the upcoming product line. Apart from participating in two sales fairs each year, ourdistributors visit us from time to time and contact us as necessary, which allows us to have access to updated market information. We also provide training fordistributors and their subdistributors in the areas of sales techniques, customer service and product knowledge, typically prior to the launch of our new collectionseach year. We believe that these investments help to improve the operations of the sales network and provide additional valueadded services to retain ourdistributors and their subdistributors.The following table lists by region the number of retail stores operated by distributors and subdistributors as of December 31, 2018:LocationAs ofDecember 31,2018Fujian6Guangdong2Guangxi3Jiangsu4Anhui2Chongqing4Tianjin3Hebei4Sichuan4Total3233Table of ContentsPricing PolicyWe sell our products to our distributors at uniform discounts from our suggested retail prices. We have a suggested retail price policy that applies to all our storesto help maintain brand image, ensure consistent pricing levels from region to region and prevent price competition among our distributors. In determining our pricingstrategies, we take into account market supply and demand, production cost and the prices of our competitors’ similar products. Our sales representatives collectand record the retail prices of our products sold by our retailers. We analyze the information collected and engage in discussions with our distributors to ensure thatthey follow our pricing policy. See “Franchised Stores” above.ProductionOriginally located in Shishi City in Fujian Province and started production in 2006, our production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China.The facility currently has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famoussportswear producers. Our production facility was operating at full capacity between 2009 and 2012. In 2014, we produced about 0.39 million units at the operatingcapacity of 19.5%; while in 2015,we produced about 0.48 million units at the operating capacity of 24%. In 2016, we produced about 0.54 million units at the operatingcapacity of 27%.In 2017 and 2018, we produced about 0.30 million and 0.49 million units at the operating capacity of 15% and 25%. Since 2011, we have been negotiating with the local government to acquire land use rights for our current facility consisting of 110,557 square meters. We obtaineda portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square meters and 2,440 square meters in March 2012 and May 2012, respectively, and have finishedthe construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factoryin year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with localresidents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. While we cannot guaranteewhen and whether the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land will be eventually completed, we believe we will be in a better position toschedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Once completed, our total production capacity of the facility isexpected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.All of the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers bear the brand name KBS. As of December 31, 2018, we had 3 ODM contractmanufacturers and 3 OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had 3 and 6 OEM contract manufacturers, respectively. Oursourcing strategy is based upon the quality of fabrics and workmanship that our customers expect from the KBS brand. The costs of our outsourced productionamounted to approximately $8.38 million, $10.94 million and$26.1 million for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, accounting forapproximately 27.3%, 31% and 66.8% of our total cost of sales in the respective periods.As of December 31, 2018, our principal ODM and OEM contract suppliers included the following:No.1Bai Tian Ni (Fujian) Clothing fabric Co. Ltd2Shishi Hua Lai Shi Clothing Co. Ltd3Jinjiang City Hongtawanheng trading Co. Ltd4Fujian Gumaite Clothing Technology Co. Ltd5Shishi Rongpeng Clothing Co. Ltd6Hubei Mingyuan Clothing Co. LtdWe are not materially reliant on any single ODM or OEM contract supplier.34Table of ContentsInventory ManagementWe recognize that controlling the level of inventory is important to our overall operational efficiency and cost control. Based on the purchase orders our distributorsand the department store chains place at our biannual sales fairs, we are able to anticipate the demand for our products in advance and plan ahead for our ownmanufacturing and the orders we will be required to place with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We generally plan purchases of raw materials and placemanufacturing orders with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers immediately after each of our two seasonal sales fairs, usually in May for our autumn andwinter products and in October for our spring and summer products, where we confirm sales orders with our distributors and department store chains. This enablesus and our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to have sufficient time, ranging from two to eight weeks, to produce the products and provide our productssuitable for a specific season to our distributors and department store chains on a justintime basis so as to minimize our inventory levels. The alternative way tocontrol cost is when if we have chance to buy materials which the price is much lower than market price, we will buy it in advance and give to OEM contractmanufactures use our material to produce.Quality ControlProduct quality control is a critical aspect of our business. Our dedicated quality control team performs various quality inspection and testing procedures, includingrandom sample testing at different stages of our production process, to ensure that our products meet or exceed the expectations of our consumers. We also performroutine product inspections on every batch of our products and sample testing to ensure consistent quality of our products, including semifinished and finishedproducts.We have implemented a centralized system for procurement and inspection of raw materials and ancillary components to help ensure a stable and high qualitysupply. Those materials and components that fail to meet our tests may be returned to the suppliers for replacement. Our quality control team also carries out qualitycontrol procedures on the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We conduct onsite inspections of our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers before we enter into business relationships with them. We also send our inhouse quality control staff onsite to our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers to monitor the entire production process. The initial product inspections are performed onsite by our staff before these products are shipped to ourheadquarters for further inspection and storage in our warehouse. We also provide technical training to ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to assist them withquality control of the production processes and inspect preproduction samples and finished products from ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We have notencountered any material disruptions to our business as a result of the failure of any of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to meet our quality standards.In order to further improve the quality of our products and shorten our delivery cycle, we intend to increase our control over the manufacturing process andproduction cycle of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers, primarily by requiring our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to implement stricter and morecomprehensive quality control procedures, which cover each stage of the production process, from raw material selection and procurement to finished productspackaging and delivery. We also intend to apply more stringent standards for inspecting products manufactured for us by our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers.Marketing and AdvertisingWe have conducted multichannel marketing campaigns to advertise our products to our target customers through advertising in newspapers, magazines, theInternet, and billboards, and organizing regular and frequent instore marketing activities and road shows.We have implemented strict requirements on our distributors with respect to the display and promotion of our products to ensure consistent branding and enhancemarketing results. Our distributors are required to ensure that our marketing strategies are implemented at the retail outlets managed or authorized by them, includingdisplaying our products according to our specifications and using our billboard advertisements. We also assign sales representatives to monitor the instoredisplays of our products at various retail outlets on a regular basis to help ensure that our retailers have followed our product display policies.In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 our total advertising and promotional expenses amounted to approximately $1.21 million, $1.59 million and $1.55million, respectively, which accounted for approximately 6.6%, 7.5% and 3.8% of our revenues in the respective periods.35Table of ContentsCompetitionThe menswear industry in China is a fragmented industry. Competition mainly comes from local market players such as Exceed, Xiniya, Zuoan and Cabbeen. Webelieves that we differentiate ourselves by providing more fashionable, youngerlooking and leisure products, and competitive pricing without giving up the casualfeel of our products.We compete primarily on the basis of product design, brand recognition, operational efficiency and a low cost structure. Some of our domestic competitors have astronger customer base, greater resources and more industry expertise than us. However, we believe that we can continue to successfully compete with our localcompetitors due to our unique product designs.Intellectual PropertyWe currently have the licenses to use two registered trademarks in the PRC.The registered trademarks on which we have licenses are the following:TrademarkRegistration No.Valid TermKBS4342760Jan 1, 2019 August 28, 2028Ka bi sports5462336March 14, 2010 March 12,2020We believe that these trademarks provide significant value as they are important for marketing and building brand recognition. We are not aware of any third partycurrently using trademarks similar to our trademarks in the PRC on the same products.InsuranceWe do not have any business liability, interruption or litigation insurance coverage for our operations in China. Insurance companies in China offer limited businessinsurance products. While business interruption insurance is available to a limited extent in China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of suchinsurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance.Therefore, we are subject to business and product liability exposure. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—We have limited insurance coverage inChina and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses.”RegulationBecause our primary operating subsidiaries are located in China, we are subject to China’s national and local laws detailed below. We believe that we are in materialcompliance with all registrations and requirements for the issuance and maintenance of all licenses required by the governing bodies and that all license fees andfilings are current. This section summarizes the major PRC regulations relating to our business.Regulations Relating to Foreign InvestmentInvestment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are mainly governed by the Guidance Catalog of Industries for Foreign Investment (2017 revision), or theCatalog, which was promulgated jointly by MOFCOM and the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, on June 28, 2017 and entered into forceon July 28, 2017. The Catalog divides industries into four categories in terms of foreign investment, which are “encouraged,” “restricted,” and “prohibited,” and allindustries that are not listed under one of these categories are deemed to be “permitted.” Establishment of wholly foreignowned enterprises is generally allowed inencouraged and permitted industries. Some restricted industries are limited to equity or contractual joint ventures, while in some cases Chinese partners are requiredto hold the majority interests in such joint ventures. In addition, foreign investment in restricted category projects is subject to government approvals. Foreigninvestors are not allowed to invest in industries in the prohibited category. Industries not listed in the Catalogue are generally open to foreign investment unlessspecifically restricted by other PRC regulations.36Table of ContentsIn June 2018, MOFCOM and NDRC promulgated the Special Management Measures (Negative List) for the Access of Foreign Investment, or the Negative List,effective July 2018. The Negative List expands the scope of permitted industries by foreign investment by reducing the number of industries that fall within theNegative List where restrictions on the shareholding percentage or requirements on the composition of board or senior management still exists. Foreign investmentin valueadded telecommunications services (except for ecommerce) falls within the Negative List.In October 2016, MOFCOM issued the Interim Measures for Recordfiling Administration of the Establishment and Change of Foreigninvested Enterprises, or FIERecordfiling Interim Measures, most recently amended in July 2017. Pursuant to FIE Recordfiling Interim Measures, the establishment and change of foreigninvested enterprises are subject to recordfiling procedures, instead of prior approval requirements, provided that such establishment or change does not involvespecial entry administration measures. If the establishment or change of foreigninvested enterprises matters involve the special entry administration measures, theapproval of the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterparts is still required.Regulations Relating to Product QualityThe principal legal provisions governing product liability are set forth in the PRC Product Quality Law, which was promulgated in February 1993 by the SCNPC andamended in July 2000 and August 2009.The PRC Product Quality Law stipulates the responsibilities and obligations of product sellers and producers. Violations of the PRC Product Quality Law may resultin the imposition of fines. In addition, the seller or producer may be ordered to suspend its operations, and its business license may be revoked. There may also bePART IPART IIPART III20F 1 f20f2018_kbsfashiongroup.htm FORM 20FUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F(Mark One)☐REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ___________ to ___________OR¨SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report:Commission file number: 00135715KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)Not Applicable(Translation of Registrant’s Name Into English)Republic of the Marshall Islands(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)Xin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of China(Address of Principal Executive Offices)Mr. Keyan Yan, Chief Executive OfficerXin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of ChinaTel: + (86) 595 8889 6198Fax: (86) 595 8850 5328(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of Each ClassName of Each Exchange On Which RegisteredCommon Stock, $0.0001 par valueNASDAQ Capital MarketSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.Units, Common Stock Purchase Warrants(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.None(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report(December 31, 2018): 2,271,299Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐No ☒If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of“large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large Accelerated Filer ☐Accelerated Filer ☐NonAccelerated Filer ☒Emerging Growth Company☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting StandardsCodification after April 5, 2012.Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:U.S. GAAP ☐International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting StandardsBoard ☒Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ☐ Item17 ☐Item 18If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒Annual Report on Form 20FYear Ended December 31, 2018TABLE OF CONTENTSPageITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS2A.Directors and Senior Management2B.Advisors2C.Auditors2ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE2A.Offer Statistics2B.Method and Expected Timetable2ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATION2A.Selected Financial Data2B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY24A.History and Development of the Company24B.Business Overview26C.Organizational Structure42D.Property, Plants and Equipment43ITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS44ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS44A.Principal Factors Affecting Financial Performance45B.Liquidity and Capital Resources50C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.51D.Trend Information51E.Off Balance Sheet Arrangements51F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations52G.Safe Harbor62ITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES63A.Directors and Senior Management63B.Compensation64C.Board Practices65D.Employees66E.Share Ownership66ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS67A.Major Shareholders67B.Related Party Transactions67C.Interests of Experts and Counsel67iTable of ContentsITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATION67A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information67B.Significant Changes68ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTING68A.Offer and Listing Details68B.Plan of Distribution68C.Markets68D.Selling Shareholders68E.Dilution68F.Expenses of the Issue68ITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATION69A.Share Capital69B.Memorandum and Articles of Association69C.Material Contracts71D.Exchange Controls71E.Taxation74F.Dividends and Paying Agents79G.Statement by Experts79H.Documents on Display79I.Subsidiary Information79ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK79ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES80A.Debt Securities80B.Warrants and Rights80C.Other Securities80D.American Depositary Shares80ITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES81ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS81ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES81A.Disclosure Controls and Procedures81B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting81C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm81D.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting82ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT82ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICS82ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES82ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES82ITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS83ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT83ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCE83ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE83ITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 19.EXHIBITS84iiTable of ContentsINTRODUCTORY NOTESUse of Certain Defined TermsExcept as otherwise indicated by the context and for the purposes of this report only, references in this report to:●“KBS,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” are to KBS Fashion Group Ltd., a company organized in the Republic of the Marshall Islands;●““KBS International,” refers to KBS International Holding Inc., a Nevada corporation, which was dissolved in August 2014;●“Hongri PRC,” refers to Hongri (Fujian) Sports Goods Co., Ltd., which is our wholly owned subsidiary organized in the PRC;●“Hongri International” are to Hongri International Holdings Limited, which is our wholly owned subsidiary and a company organized in the BVI;●“BVI” are to the British Virgin Islands;●“Hong Kong” are to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China;●“PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China;●“SEC” are to the Securities and Exchange Commission;●“Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;●“Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;●“Renminbi” and “RMB” are to the legal currency of China; and●“U.S. dollars,” “dollars” and “$” are to the legal currency of the United States.ForwardLooking InformationIn addition to historical information, this report contains forwardlooking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of theExchange Act. We use words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “target,” “plan,” “optimistic,” “intend,” “aim,” “will” or similar expressions whichare intended to identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, among others, those concerning market and industry segment growth and demandand acceptance of new and existing products; any projections of sales, earnings, revenue, margins or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategiesand objectives of management for future operations; and any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, as well as all assumptions,expectations, predictions, intentions or beliefs about future events. You are cautioned that any such forwardlooking statements are not guarantees of futureperformance and involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions, which, if they were to ever materialize or prove incorrect, could cause the results of theCompany to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forwardlooking statements. Potential risks and uncertainties include, among other things, thepossibility that we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues and profits due to our failure to anticipate consumer preferences and develop newmenswear products, our failure to execute our business expansion plan, changes in domestic and foreign laws, regulations and taxes, changes in economicconditions, uncertainties related to China’s legal system and economic, political and social events in China, a general economic downturn, a downturn in thesecurities markets, and other risks and uncertainties which are generally set forth under Item 3 “Key information—D. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and our other filings with the SEC. These reports attempt toadvise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects. The forwardlookingstatements made in this report speak only as of the date hereof and we disclaim any obligation, except as required by law, to provide updates, revisions oramendments to any forwardlooking statements to reflect changes in our expectations or future events.On February 3, 2017, approved by the shareholders, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen (1for15) reverse stock split of the Company’s issued andoutstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided that shareholders are entitled to receive the number ofshares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Stock Market on a splitadjusted basis when themarket opened on February 9, 2017. All references in this report to share and per share data have been adjusted, including historical data which have beenretroactively adjusted, to give effect to the reverse stock split unless specified otherwise.1Table of ContentsPART IITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERSA.Directors and Senior ManagementNot applicable.B.AdvisorsNot applicable.C.AuditorsNot applicable.ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLEA.Offer StatisticsNot applicable.B.Method and Expected TimetableNot applicable.ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATIONA.Selected Financial DataThe following table presents selected financial data regarding our business. It should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and relatednotes contained elsewhere in this annual report and the information under Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” The selected consolidatedstatements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, and the selected consolidated statements of financialposition data as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are included in this annual reportbeginning on page F1. The selected consolidated statements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the selectedconsolidated statements of financial position data as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements thatare not included in this annual report.Our consolidated financial statements were prepared and presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by theInternational Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The selected financial data information is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the historicalconsolidated financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere herein. The financial statements contained elsewhere fully represent our financial conditionand operations; however, they are not indicative of our future performance.2Table of ContentsYears ended December 31,20182017201620152014Statement of Income DataTotal revenue$18,535,116$23,762,536$41,200,205$61,343,681$58,832,481Total cost of sales(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)(46,511,274)(39,416,973)Gross profit(2,316,136)(11,511,816)2,158,27214,832,40719,415,508Distribution and selling expenses(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)(6,621,256)(7,191,606)Administrative expenses(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)2,798,082(4,649,229)Profit for the year(17,968,597)(14,815,596)(11,902,688)1,243,6706,876,982Total comprehensive income for the year(20,040,295)(10,004,880)(18,028,121)(4,801,102)6,526,172Outstanding shares2,299,9151,860,8311,750,1421,694,4891,694,489Earnings per share, basic diluted8.067.966.800.734.06Balance Sheet DataCash and cash equivalents$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,341$21,214,080$20,604,583Noncurrent assets29,837,87540,966,31934,754,94247,221,52952,929,386Current assets31,328,13140,343,38656,343,82362,098,95162,093,570Working capital24,463,44633,060,87748,647,18553,598,85452,704,076Total assets61,166,00681,309,70591,098,765109,310,480115,022,956Current liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,500,0979,389,493Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,503,5069,404,880Equity54,301,32174,027,19683,402,127100,816,974105,618,076B.Capitalization and IndebtednessNot applicable.C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of ProceedsNot applicable.D.Risk FactorsAn investment in our capital stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the otherinformation included in this annual report, before making an investment decision. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial conditionor results of operations could suffer. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.3Table of ContentsRISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSGeneral economic conditions, including a prolonged weakness in the economy, may affect consumer discretionary spending, which could adversely affect ourbusiness and financial performance.The apparel industry has historically been subject to substantial cyclical variations. Our business and financial performance are dependent on a number of factorsimpacting consumer discretionary spending, including general economic and business conditions; consumer confidence; wages and employment levels; thehousing market; consumer debt levels; availability of consumer credit; credit and interest rates; fuel and energy costs; energy shortages; taxes; general politicalconditions, both domestic and abroad. Consumer product purchases, including purchases of our products, may decline during recessionary periods. Our ability toaccess the capital markets may be restricted at a time when we would like, or need, to raise capital, which could impair on our ability to open additional stores orbuild additional manufacturing lines. In addition, as domestic and international economic conditions change, trends in consumer spending on discretionary items,including our merchandise, become unpredictable and subject to reductions due to economic uncertainties. A prolonged economic recovery or an uncertain outlookin the economy could result in additional declines in consumer discretionary spending, which could materially affect our financial performance.A contraction in apparel sales and production could impair our results of operations and liquidity and jeopardize our supply base.Apparel sales and production are cyclical and depend, among other things, on general economic conditions and consumer spending and preferences. As thevolume of apparel production fluctuates, the demand for our products also fluctuates. A contraction in apparel sales could harm our results of operations andliquidity. In addition, our suppliers would also be subject to many of the same consequences which could pressure their results of operations and liquidity.Depending on an individual supplier’s financial condition and access to capital, its viability could be challenged which could impact its ability to perform as weexpect and consequently our ability to meet our own commitments.If we are unable to anticipate consumer preferences and develop new menswear products, we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues andprofits.Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define apparel trends as well as to anticipate, gauge and react to changing consumer demands formenswear in a timely manner. Our target market of consumers comprises urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 with moderatetohigh levels of disposableincome. Our business is particularly sensitive to their fashion preferences, which cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumeracceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, and our future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes. If we failto anticipate accurately and respond to trends and shifts in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing product offerings, developing new products,designs, styles and categories, we could experience lower sales, excess inventories and lower profit margins. In a distressed economic and retail environment, manyof our competitors may engage in aggressive activities, such as markdowns or other promotional sales to dispose of excess, slowmoving inventory, furtherincreasing the need to react appropriately to changing consumer preferences and fashion trends. Failure to do so could adversely affect the level of acceptance ofour products, our brand image and our relationship with our distributors, and therefore have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results ofoperations.The apparel industry is highly competitive, and if we fail to compete effectively, we could lose our market position.The menswear industry is highly competitive in China and worldwide. We compete with various domestic brands with similar business models and target markets.We also compete with a growing number of international brands trying to expand their market share in China to take advantage of rising consumer spending oncasual menswear. Our primary international and domestic competitors include Exceed, Xiniya, Cabbeen, GXG and NQ. Some of our competitors are significantlylarger and have greater financial resources than we do. In order to compete effectively, we must: (1) maintain the image of our brands and our reputation forinnovation and high quality; (2) be flexible and innovative in responding to rapidly changing market demands on the basis of brand image, style, performance andquality; and (3) offer consumers a wide variety of high quality products at competitive prices.4Table of ContentsThe purchasing decisions of consumers are highly subjective and can be influenced by many factors, such as brand image, marketing programs and productfeatures. Some of our competitors enjoy competitive advantages, including greater brand recognition and greater financial resources for competitive activities, suchas sales, marketing and strategic acquisitions. The number of our direct competitors and the intensity of competition may increase as we expand into other productlines or as other companies expand into our product lines. Our competitors may enter into business combinations or alliances that strengthen their competitivepositions or prevent us from taking advantage of such combinations or alliances. Our competitors also may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than wecan to new or changing opportunities, standards or consumer preferences. Our results of operations and market position may be adversely impacted by ourcompetitors and the competitive pressures in the menswear industries.Failure to effectively promote or develop our brand could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.We sell all our products under the KBS brand, from which we derive most of our revenues. Brand image is an important factor that affects a customer’s purchasingdecision for menswear products. Our success therefore depends on, among other things, market recognition and acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture,lifestyle, and images associated with the brand, some of which may not be within our control. We have limited control over our distributors that we rely upon to sellour products, which may limit our ability to ensure a consistent brand image. See “Risks Factors Related to Our Business –We have limited control over the ultimateretail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhere to, or fail to cause the third party retail outletoperators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.” We began designing, promoting, and selling KBS branded products in China in 2006. To effectivelypromote KBS brand, we need build and maintain the brand image by focusing on a variety of promotional and marketing activities to promote brand awareness, aswell as to increase its presence in the markets in which we compete. There is no assurance that we will be able to effectively promote or develop KBS brand, and ifwe fail to do so, the goodwill of KBS brand may be undermined and our business as well as our financial results may be adversely affected. In addition, negativepublicity or disputes regarding KBS brand, products, company, or management could materially and adversely affect public perception of KBS brand. Any impact onour ability to continue to sell KBS brand or any significant damage to KBS brand’s image could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends on the continued service of our senior executives and other key employees. In particular, we rely on the expertise, experience,and business contacts, of Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ms. Lixia Tu, our Director and Chief Financial Officer and Mr. ThemisKalapotharakos, our director. If one or more of our senior executives are unable or unwilling to continue to work for us in their present positions, we may have tospend a considerable amount of time and resources searching, recruiting, and integrating the replacements into our operations, which would substantially divertmanagement’s attention from and severely disrupt the Company business. This may also adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategy. Moreover, ifany of our senior executives joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, suppliers and key employees.Failure to execute our business expansion plan could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.A large part of our initial growth resulted from an increase in the number of our retail sales outlets, including corporate and franchised stores, and the increased salesvolume and profitability provided by these sales outlets. The number of our sales outlets increased from 8 in 2006 to 33 in year 2018.5Table of ContentsWe have our factory located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China, consisting of an aggregate of 110,457 square meters of land. Currently the facility there has aproduction capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year and can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces original equipmentmanufacturer (OEM) products for online stores, regional apparel brands and overseas orders. The construction commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases:Phase 1 consists of the construction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We havecompleted the construction of facilities of Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Phase 3 construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has beendelayed because the local government needs additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Because the time forthe government to resolve this matter is uncertain, we wrote off the land use right of the third parcel of land from account balance, according to the internationalframework reporting standard. Phase 4 includes building production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quartersand living facilities on the third parcel of land. As a result, our commitments to this facility may reduce our liquidity for an indefinite period and until it is completed.We could also indefinitely lose opportunities to expand our sales due to any further delay of our construction.The decision to increase our production capacity was based in part on our projections of market demand for our products and OEM orders from other brand nameowners. If actual customer demand does not meet our projections, we will likely suffer overcapacity problems and may have to leave capacity idle or need to contractout our facilities at an unfavorable price, which may reduce our overall profitability and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our futuresuccess depends on our ability to expand the Company’s business to address growth in demand for our current and future products.Our ability to expand the Company’s business is subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including:●the unavailability of additional funding to invest more in brand recognition such as advertisement, expand our production capacity, purchase additionalfixed assets and purchase raw materials on favorable terms or at all;●our inability to manage an online shop, hire qualified personnel and establish distribution methods;●conditions in the commercial real estate market existing at the time we seek to expand;●delays and cost overruns as a result of a number of factors, many of which may be beyond our control, such as problems with equipment vendors andcontract manufacturers;●failure to maintain high quality control standards;●shortage of raw materials;●our inability to obtain, or delays in obtaining, required approvals by relevant government authorities;●diversion of significant management attention and other resources; and●failure to execute our expansion plan effectively.The expansion of our business may place significant strain on our personnel, management, financial systems and operational infrastructure and may impede ourability to meet any increased demand for our products. To accommodate the Company’s growth, we will need to implement a variety of new and upgradedoperational and financial systems, procedures, and controls, including improvements to our accounting and other internal management systems, by dedicatingadditional resources to our reporting and accounting function and improvements to our record keeping and contract tracking system. We will also need to recruitmore personnel and train and manage our growing employee base. Furthermore, we will need to maintain and expand relationships with our current and futurecustomers, suppliers, distributors and other third parties, and there is no guarantee that we will succeed.In the future, we also intend to invest more resources to research and purchase online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that we will have betteropportunities to expand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores. In addition, we will keep on exploring other areas and business models, such as theuse of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends.If we encounter any of the risks described above or if we are otherwise unable to establish or successfully operate online shops or additional production capacity,we may be unable to grow our business and revenues, reduce our operating costs, maintain our competitiveness or improve our profitability and, consequently, ourbusiness, financial condition, results of operations and prospects will be adversely affected.6Table of ContentsIf we are unable to fund capital expenditures or obtain additional sources of liquidity when we need it, our business may be adversely affected. In addition, ifwe obtain equity financing, the issuance of our equity securities could cause dilution for our stockholders. To the extent we obtain the financing through theissuance of debt securities, our debt service obligations could increase, and we may become subject to restrictive operating and financial covenants.We anticipate that we will make substantial capital investments to expand our business within the next 3 years. There is no assurance that we will have sufficientcash to fund our anticipated capital expenditures. If we need but are unable to obtain adequate financing with on terms favorable to us, we may be unable tosuccessfully maintain our operations and accomplish our growth strategy. In addition, we may be unable to generate sufficient cash internally or obtain alternativesources of capital to fund our proposed capital expenditures, take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures. As a result, we mayseek to sell additional equity securities, debt securities, or borrow from lending institutions. Any issuance of equity securities could cause dilution for ourstockholders. Any incurrence of indebtedness could increase our debt service obligations and cause us to be subject to restrictive operating and financecovenants. Our ability to obtain external financing in the future is also subject to a number of uncertainties, including:●Our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;●general market conditions for financing activities by companies in our industry;●economic, political and other conditions in China and elsewhere; and●uncertain economic prospect and tightened credit markets resulting from the recent global economic slowdown and financial market crisis.If we are unable to obtain funding in a timely manner or on commercially acceptable terms, or at all, our growth prospects and future profitability may be materiallyadversely affected. Adverse changes in the capital markets could make it difficult to obtain capital or obtain it at attractive rates.Our past results may not be indicative of our future performance and evaluating our business and prospects may be difficult.Our business has gone through various stages of the business life cycle in recent years as demonstrated by our growth in net sales, which reached $99.6 million forthe year ended December 31, 2013, while in 2014 our net sales decreased by 40% to $58.8 million and in year 2015 net sales went up slightly by 4.3% to $61.3 million,our net sales decreased by 32.8% to $41.2 million in 2016, net sales decreased 42% to $23.8 million in 2017 and net sales further decreased 22% to $18.53 million in2018. The decrease in sales in 2016, 2017 and 2018 as compared with 2013 was mainly due to the slowdown of the Chinese economic growth and a challenging retailenvironment. As a result, we cannot assure that we will be able to achieve similar growth in future periods as recent years before 2014, and our historical operatingresults may not provide a meaningful basis for evaluating our business, financial performance and prospects. Moreover, our ability to achieve satisfactoryproduction results at higher volumes is unproven. Therefore, you should not rely on our past results or our historical rate of growth as an indication of our futureperformance.We experience fluctuations in operating results.Our annual and quarterly operating results have fluctuated, and are expected to continue to fluctuate. Among the factors that may cause our operating results tofluctuate are customers’ response to merchandise offerings, the timing of the rollout of new sales outlets, seasonal variations in sales, the timing of merchandisereceipts, the level of merchandise returns, changes in merchandise mix and presentation, our cost of merchandise, unanticipated operating costs, and other factorsbeyond our control, such as general economic conditions and actions of competitors.We have historically experienced seasonal fluctuations in our sales. A substantial portion of our revenues are typically earned during the second and fourthquarters and we generally experience lowest revenues during the first and third quarters. If sales during the second and fourth quarters are lower than expected, ouroperating results would be adversely affected, and it would have a disproportionately large impact on our annual operating results. The sales of our products arealso affected by local spending behavior, which are typically affected by seasonal shopping patterns during major Chinese holidays.7Table of ContentsAs a result of these factors, we believe that periodtoperiod comparisons of historical and future results will not necessarily be meaningful and should not be reliedon as an indication of future performance.Our failure to collect the trade receivables or untimely collection could affect our liquidity.Our distributors place advance purchase orders twice a year. From 2015 to 2018, we typically expect and receive payment within 30180 days of product delivery. Inaddition, approximately 83.2% of accounts receivables are within a 180 days credit term. Starting in September 2015, we extended credit to some of our customers to150180 days without requiring collaterals. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of the financial condition of our customers and we generally require no collateralfrom our distributors and authorized retailers to secure their payment obligations. However, our sales going forward may rely more heavily on credit, and if weencounter future problems collecting amounts due from our clients or if we experience delays in the collection of amounts due from our clients, our liquidity could benegatively affected.The Chinese economy experienced a softening of economic growth, and the apparel industry is also facing a downturn. The impact of the current and possiblefuture economic downturn on our distributors cannot be predicted and may be severe, causing a significant impact on their business. As a result, our financialcondition and result of operations could be negatively affected. In addition, if they cannot continue their orders of our products due to the failure of paying us forits previous purchases, our brand image and reputation may be materially negatively affected as well.We rely on distributors for a substantial portion of our sales and the loss of any of our large distributors would harm our business. A substantial portion of our sales are made to distributors that resell our products. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, distributors accounted forapproximately 67% and 73% of our total sales, respectively, and our top five distributors accounted for approximately 23.8% and 34.8% of our total sales,respectively. The marketing efforts of our distributors are critical for our success. If we fail to attract additional distributors, and our existing distributors do notpromote our products at the same or at a greater level than the products of our competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could beadversely affected.Furthermore, there is no assurance that any of our distributors will satisfy the sales targets set forth in their distribution agreements and we or they may not wish torenew the distribution agreements in future years. Moreover, our distributors are not obliged to continue to place orders with the Company at the same level asbefore or at all and there is no assurance that we would be able to obtain orders from other distributors to replace any such lost sales on terms satisfactory to us orall. If any of our largest distributors substantially reduces its purchases from us, or otherwise fails to renew its distribution agreement with us, we may suffer asignificant loss of sales and our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We have limited control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhereto, or fail to cause the third party retail outlet operators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.We rely on the contractual obligations set forth in the distribution agreements that we enter into with our distributors, as well as policies and standards we formulatefrom time to time, to impose our retail policies on these distributors in respect of the franchisee retail outlets. In addition, as we do not enter into any agreementswith the third party retail outlet operators, we rely on our distributors to ensure that these franchisee retail outlets operate in accordance with our retail policies. Assuch, our control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and the franchisee retail outlet operators is limited. There is no assurance that our distributors orthe third party franchisee retail outlet operators will comply with, or that the distributors will enforce, our retail policies. As a result, we may not be able to effectivelymanage our sales network or maintain a uniform brand image, and cannot assure you that franchisee retail outlets would continue to offer quality services toconsumers.8Table of ContentsIn addition, if any of the distributors or third party franchisee retail outlet operators experiences difficulties in selling our products in the retail market, they mayattempt to disregard our pricing policies and liquidate their excessive inventory buildup through aggressive discounts, which may damage the image and the valueof our brand. There is no assurance that we will be able to, in a timely manner, impose penalties on or replace any distributors who consistently fail to comply with,or fail to cause the third party franchisee retail outlet operators appointed by them to comply with, our retail policies in their operation of franchisee retail outlets. Insuch event, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We may not be able to accurately track the inventory levels at our distributors, retailers or department store concessions.Our ability to track the sales by our distributors to thirdparty retailers and the ultimate retail sales by the retailers, and consequently their respective inventorylevels, is limited. We implement a policy to require our distributors to provide us with their sales reports on a weekly basis and we carry out random onsiteinspections of our distributors to track their inventories. The purpose of tracking the inventory level is mainly to gather information regarding the market acceptanceof our products so that we can reflect consumers’ preferences in the design and development of our products for the next season. The tracking of inventory levelalso helps us to understand the market recognition of our products in a particular region, and thus allows us to adjust our marketing strategy if necessary. Theimplementation of the policy, however, requires the distributors to accurately report the relevant data to us in a timely manner, which is largely dependent on thecooperation of the Company’s distributors. We may not always obtain the required data in time and the data provided to us by our distributors may be inaccurate orincomplete.Inaccurate, mistaken, incomplete or delayed data regarding inventory levels may mislead the Company to make wrong business judgments for its production,marketing efforts and sales strategies. If that happens, our operations and financial results may be materially adversely affected. In addition, if we cannot manageinventory levels properly, future orders of our products may be reduced, which would materially adversely affect our future business, financial condition, results ofoperation and prospects.Our operations could be materially adversely affected if we fail to effectively manage our relationships with, or lose the services of, our OEM contractmanufacturers.The production of our brand name products are 100% outsourced to PRCbased thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2018 and2017 we had 5 and 6 contract manufacturers, respectively. Purchases from our top five OEM contract manufacturers accounted for approximately 92% and 88.6% ofour total purchases for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As we do not enter into longterm contracts with our OEM contractmanufacturers, they may decide not to accept our future OEM orders on the same or similar terms, or at all. If an OEM contract manufacturer decides to substantiallyreduce its volume of supply to us or to terminate its business relationship with us, we may not be able to find a proper replacement in a timely manner and may beforced to default on the agreements with our distributors that sell our products. This may negatively impact our revenues and adversely affect our reputation andrelationships with our distributors that sell our products, causing a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.Further, if any of our OEM contract manufacturers fails to provide the required number of products meeting our quality standards, we may have to delay delivery ofproducts to our distributors, become unable to supply products at all, or even recall products previously dispatched. This could cause the Company to loserevenues or market share and damage our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operationsand prospects. In addition, some OEM contract manufacturers may not fully comply with certain laws, such as labor and environmental laws. If any of our OEMcontract manufacturers is found to have violated laws and regulations in the PRC, media reports on such violations may negatively affect our reputation and image,resulting in material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.9Table of ContentsWhile we provide the designs of our products to the OEM contract manufacturers, as well as guidance for manufacturing the products ordered by us, we do nothave direct control over the OEM contract manufacturers. If any of them is involved in unauthorized production and sale of goods using the KBS brand, ourreputation, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.As the Company grows, our reliance on OEM contract manufacturers may also grow as our added production capacity may not be sufficient to keep pace with theincreased production requirements driven by our growth. We may not be able to find sufficient additional OEM contract manufacturers to produce our products onthe same or similar terms as our existing OEM contract manufacturers, and we may not be able to achieve our growth and development goals.Any interruption in our operations could impair our financial performance and negatively affect our brand. Our operations are complicated and integrated, involving the coordination of thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers and external distribution processes. Whilethese operations are modified on a regular basis in an effort to improve outsourcing and distribution efficiency and flexibility, we may experience difficulties incoordinating the various aspects of our operations processes, thereby causing downtime and delays. In addition, we may encounter interruption in our operationsprocesses due to a catastrophic loss or events beyond our control, such as fires, explosions, labor disturbances or violent weather conditions. Any interruptions inour operations or capabilities at our facilities could result in our inability to procure our products, which would reduce our net sales and earnings for the affectedperiod. If there are delays in delivery times to our customers, our business and reputation could be severely affected. Any significant delays in deliveries to ourcustomers could lead to increased returns or cancellations and cause the Company to lose future sales. The Company currently does not have business interruptioninsurance to offset these potential losses, delays and risks so a material interruption of our business operations could severely damage our business.We rely heavily on our management information system for inventory management, distribution and other functions. If our system fail to perform thesefunctions adequately or if we experience an interruption in our operation, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. The efficient operation of our business is dependent on our management information systems. We rely heavily on our management information systems to manageour order entry, order fulfillment, pricing, pointofsale and inventory replenishment processes. We cannot assure you that our management information system will operate properly or without interruption. Any malfunction to any part or all of our managementinformation system for a prolonged period may cause delays in operations or impairment of our overall business efficiency. We also cannot ensure that the level ofsecurity currently maintained will be sufficient to protect the system from third party intrusions, viruses, lost or stolen data, or similar situations. Additionally, aspart of our growth and development strategy over the next few years, we plan to upgrade and improve our management information system. We cannot assure youthat there will be no interruptions to our management information system during the upgrades or that the new management information system will be able tointegrate fully with the existing information system. The failure of our management information system to perform as we anticipate could disrupt our business and could result in decreased revenue, increased overheadcosts and excess or outofstock inventory levels, causing our business and results of operations to suffer materially. Failure to protect the integrity, security and use of our customers’ information and media could expose us to litigation and materially damage our standingwith our customers. Increasing costs associated with information security — such as increased investment in technology, the costs of compliance with consumer protection laws andcosts resulting from consumer fraud — could cause our business and results of operations to suffer materially. While we have taken significant steps to protectcustomer and confidential information, including entering into confidentiality agreements with relevant employees and incorporate confidentiality clauses in ourpolicies, there can be no assurance that advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments will prevent thecompromise of our customer transaction processing capabilities and personal data. If any such compromise of our security were to occur, it could have a materialadverse effect on our reputation, operating results and financial condition. Any such compromise may materially increase the costs we incur to protect against suchinformation security breaches and could subject us to additional legal risk. Procurement specialists and managers are required to sign a confidentiality agreement. 10Table of ContentsWe have limited insurance coverage in China and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses. Operation of our facilities involves many risks, including equipment failures, natural disasters, industrial accidents, power outages, labor disturbances and otherbusiness interruptions. We do not carry any business interruption insurance, product recall or thirdparty liability insurance for our production facilities or withrespect to our products to cover claims pertaining to personal injury or property or environmental damage arising from defects in our products, product recalls,accidents on our property or damage relating to our operations. While business interruption insurance and other types of insurance are available to a limited extentin China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of such insurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commerciallyreasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Therefore, our existing insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all risks associatedwith our business. As a result, we may be required to pay for financial and other losses, damages and liabilities, including those caused by natural disasters andother events beyond our control, out of our own funds, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our inability to protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights may prevent us from successfully marketing our products and competingeffectively. We believe our trademarks and other intellectual property rights are important to our success and competitive position and recognize the importance of registeringthe trademarks related to our KBS brand for protection against infringement. We currently hold two registered trademarks. Failure to protect our intellectual propertycould harm our brand and our reputation, and adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. Further, enforcing or defending our intellectual property rights,including our trademarks, patents, copyrights and trade secrets, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. We produce, marketand sell our products under registered trademarks. We regard our intellectual property, particularly our trademarks and trade secrets to be of considerable value andimportance to our business and our success. We rely on a combination of trademark, patent, and trade secrecy laws, and contractual provisions to protect ourintellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect these proprietary rights will be adequate or that third parties will notinfringe or misappropriate our trademarks, trade secrets or similar proprietary rights. In addition, there can be no assurance that other parties will not assertinfringement claims against us, and we may have to pursue litigation against other parties to assert our rights. Any such claim or litigation could be costly, and wemay lack the resources required to defend against such claims. In addition, any event that would jeopardize our proprietary rights or any claims of infringement bythird parties could have a material adverse effect on our ability to market or sell our brands, and profitably exploit our products.Environmental regulations impose substantial costs and limitations on our operations. We use chemicals and produce significant emissions in our manufacturing operations. As such, we are subject to various national and local environmental laws andregulations in China concerning issues such as air emissions, wastewater discharges, and solid waste management and disposal. These laws and regulations canrestrict or limit our operations and expose us to liability and penalties for noncompliance. While we believe that our facilities are in material compliance with allapplicable environmental laws and regulations, the risks of substantial unanticipated costs and liabilities related to compliance with these laws and regulations arean inherent part of our business. It is possible that future conditions may develop, arise or be discovered that create new environmental compliance or remediationliabilities and costs. While we believe that we can comply with existing environmental legislation and regulatory requirements and that the costs of compliance havebeen included within budgeted cost estimates, compliance may prove to be more limiting and costly than anticipated.We may be unable to establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, and, as a result, we may be unable to accuratelyreport our financial results or prevent fraud.We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities law. The SEC as required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (“SOX 404”), adoptedrules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal control over financial reporting in its annual report, which mustalso contain management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, the independent registered publicaccounting firm auditing the financial statements of a company that is not a nonaccelerated filer under Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act must also attest to theoperating effectiveness of the company’s internal controls.11Table of ContentsFailure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could result in our inability to accurately report our financial results, prevent or detect fraudor provide timely and reliable financial and other information pursuant to the reporting obligations we have as a public company, which could have a materialadverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, it could cause our investors to lose confidence in the information we report,which could adversely affect our stock price.RISKS RELATED TO DOING BUSINESS IN CHINAOur business operation may be affected if we are forced to relocate our manufacturing facilities and stores.We leased the premises for our office located in Shishi and one corporate store. However, none of our lease agreements have been registered with the relevantgovernmental agencies. According to our PRC legal counsel, without registration, our rights to use and occupy the premises may not be secured if any third partiessuch as other tenants who have registered their lease agreements challenge us under PRC law. Moreover, while we have taken various measures to verify theownership of property such as checking utility bills and search government records, most of our landlords have declined to confirm whether they possess theproperty ownership certificates and land use rights certificates for our properties. As a result, we have been unable to verify whether third parties may assert theirownership rights under PRC law against most of our landlords or challenge most of our leases in the future. If our rights to use the premises are challenged, we maybe forced to relocate to other premises. We may not be able to relocate to a suitable premise promptly or lease alternative premises on terms at least as favorable asour existing ones. In addition, relocation costs and interruption of production may have a material adverse effect on our business operation and financialperformance.Changes in the economic and political policies of the PRC government could have a material and adverse effect on our business and operations.We conduct substantially all our business operations in China. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are significantly dependenton economic and political developments in China. China’s economy differs from the economies of developed countries in many aspects, including the level ofdevelopment, growth rate and degree of government control over foreign exchange and allocation of resources. While China’s economy has experienced significantgrowth in the past 30 years, the growth has been uneven across different regions and periods and among various economic sectors in China. We cannot assure youthat China’s economy will continue to grow, or that if there is growth, such growth will be steady and uniform, or that if there is a slowdown, such slowdown will nothave a negative effect on its business and results of operations.The PRC government exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, control over payment of foreign currencydenominated obligations, implementation of monetary policy, and preferential treatment of particular industries or companies. Certain measures adopted by the PRCgovernment may restrict loans to certain industries, such as changes in the statutory deposit reserve ratio and lending guidelines for commercial banks by thePeople’s Bank of China, or PBOC. These current and future government actions could materially affect our liquidity, access to capital, and ability to operate ourbusiness.The global financial markets experienced significant disruptions in 2008 and the United States, Europe and other economies went into recession. Since 2012, growthof the Chinese economy has slowed. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources.Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy but may also have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operation could bematerially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, any stimulusmeasures designed to boost the Chinese economy, may contribute to higher inflation, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.See “Risks Related to Doing Business in China Future inflation in China may inhibit our ability to conduct business in China.”12Table of ContentsUncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the legal protections available to you and us.We conduct substantially all of our business through our operating subsidiaries in the PRC. Our operating subsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulationsapplicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws applicable to foreigninvested enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes, andprior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, a series of new PRC laws and regulations have significantlyenhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, since the PRC legal system continues to evolve rapidly, theinterpretations of many laws, regulations, and rules are not always uniform, and enforcement of these laws, regulations, and rules involve uncertainties, which maylimit legal protections available to you and us. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources andmanagement attention. In addition, most of our executive officers and directors are residents of China and not of the United States, and substantially all the assets ofthese persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it could be difficult for investors to affect service of process in the United States or to enforce ajudgment obtained in the United States against our Chinese operations and subsidiaries.You may have difficulty enforcing judgments against us.Most of our assets are located outside of the United States and most of our current operations are conducted in the PRC. In addition, most of our directors andofficers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons is located outside the UnitedStates. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce inU.S. courts judgments on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, most of whom are not residents inthe United States and the substantial majority of whose assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts ofthe PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts. Our counsel as to PRC law has advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgmentsare provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. Courts in China may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRCCivil Procedures Law based on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have anytreaties or other arrangements that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments with the United States. In addition, according to thePRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violatesbasic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security, or the public interest. So, it is uncertain whether a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by acourt in the United States.The PRC government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities.The PRC government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and stateownership. Our ability to operate in China may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, import and export tariffs,environmental regulations, land use rights, property, and other matters. We believe that our operations in China are in material compliance with all applicable legaland regulatory requirements. However, the central or local governments of the jurisdictions in which we operate may impose new, stricter regulations orinterpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations orinterpretations.Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision not to continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more centrally plannedeconomy or regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant effect on economic conditions in China or particularregions thereof and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then hold in Chinese properties or joint venturesRestrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our sales effectively. The majority of our sales will be settled in RMB and U.S. dollars, and any future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit our ability to use revenue generated inRMB to fund any future business activities outside China or to make dividend or other payments in U.S. dollars. Although the Chinese government introducedregulations in 1996 to allow greater convertibility of the RMB for current account transactions, significant restrictions still remain, including primarily the restrictionthat foreigninvested enterprises may only buy, sell or remit foreign currencies after providing valid commercial documents, at those banks in China authorized toconduct foreign exchange business. In addition, conversion of RMB for capital account items, including direct investment and loans, is subject to governmentalapproval in China, and companies are required to open and maintain separate foreign exchange accounts for capital account items. We cannot be certain that theChinese regulatory authorities will not impose more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of the RMB in the future.13Table of ContentsFluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.The value of our securities will be indirectly affected by the foreign exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and RMB and between those currencies and othercurrencies in which our sales may be denominated. Appreciation or depreciation in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial resultsreported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations. Fluctuations in the exchange rate will alsoaffect the relative value of any dividend we issue that will be exchanged into U.S. dollars, as well as earnings from, and the value of, any U.S. dollardenominatedinvestments we make in the future.Since July 2005, the RMB has no longer been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Since then the RMB has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly andunpredictably, and in recent years the RMB has depreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progresstowards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate systemand there is no guarantee that the RMB will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how marketforces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future.Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedgingtransactions. While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited, and we may not beable to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition, our foreign currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrictour ability to convert RMB into foreign currencies. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends and other distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you, and otherwise fund and conduct our business. Substantially all of our sales are earned by our PRC subsidiaries. However, PRC regulations restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make dividends and otherpayments to their offshore parent companies. PRC legal restrictions permit payments of dividends by our PRC subsidiaries only out of their accumulated aftertaxprofits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are also required under PRC laws and regulations toallocate at least 10% of their annual aftertax profits determined in accordance with PRC GAAP to a statutory general reserve fund until the amounts in said fundreaches 50% of their registered capital. Allocations to these statutory reserve funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not transferable to us in the formof loans, advances, or cash dividends. Any limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to transfer funds to us could materially and adversely limit our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends and otherwise fund and conduct our business.PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary toliability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital ordistribute profits.SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing andRoundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as “SAFECircular 75” promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of the SAFE in connection with theirdirect establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets orequity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a “special purpose vehicle.” SAFE Circular 37 furtherrequires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capitalcontributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in aspecial purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profitdistributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent crossborder foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted inits ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described abovecould result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for theForeign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015 by SAFE, local banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration foroverseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under SAFE Circular 37 from June 1, 2015.14Table of ContentsAccording to SAFE Circular 37, our shareholders or beneficial owners, who are PRC residents, are subject to SAFE Circular 37 or other foreign exchangeadministrative regulations in respect of their investment in our company. We have notified substantial beneficial owners of ordinary shares who we know are PRCresidents of their filing obligations. Nevertheless, we may not be aware of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. We do not havecontrol over our beneficial owners and there can be no assurance that all of our PRCresident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE Circular 37 and subsequentimplementation rules, and there is no assurance that the registration under SAFE Circular 37 and any amendment will be completed in a timely manner, or will becompleted at all. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their foreign exchange registrations in a timely manner pursuant toSAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with theregistration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to fines andlegal sanctions. Such failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiary and limitour PRC subsidiary’s ability to distribute dividends to our company. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and resultsof operations.Furthermore, SAFE Circular 37 is unclear how this regulation, and any future regulation concerning offshore or crossborder transactions, will be interpreted,amended and implemented by the relevant PRC government authorities, and we cannot predict how these regulations will affect our business operations or futurestrategy. Failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRCsubsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to us. These risks could in the future have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results ofoperations.We may be unable to complete a business combination transaction efficiently or on favorable terms due to complicated merger and acquisition regulationswhich became effective on September 8, 2006.On August 9, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the China Securities Regulatory Commission, promulgated the Regulation on Mergers and Acquisitionsof Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006, and was subsequently amended in 2009. This regulation, among otherthings, governs the approval process of a PRC company’s participation in an acquisition of assets or equity interests. Depending on the structure of the transaction,the regulation requires the PRC parties to make a series of applications and supplemental applications to the government agencies for approval of acquisition ofassets or equity interests from other entity. In some instances, the application process may require a presentation of economic data concerning the transaction,including appraisals of the target business and evaluations of the acquirer, which are designed to allow the government to assess viability of the transaction.Government approvals will have expiration dates, by which a transaction must be completed and reported to the government agencies. Compliance with theregulation is likely to be more time consuming and expensive than it was in the past, and provides the government more controls over business combination of twoenterprises. As a result, our ability to engage in business combination transactions has become significantly more complicated, time consuming, and expensive. Wemay not be able to negotiate a transaction that is acceptable to our stockholders or sufficiently protect their interests in a transaction.The regulation allows PRC governmental agencies to assess the economic terms of a business combination transaction. Parties to a business combinationtransaction may have to submit to MOFCOM and other relevant government agencies an appraisal report, an evaluation report, and the acquisition agreement, all ofwhich were a part of the application for approval, depending on the structure of the transaction. The regulation also prohibits a transaction with an acquisition priceobviously lower than the appraised value of the PRC business or assets and in certain transaction structures, and requires consideration being paid within a definedperiod, generally not in excess of a year. The regulation also limits our ability to negotiate various terms of the acquisition, including the initial consideration,contingent consideration, holdback provisions, indemnification provisions, and provisions related to the assumption and allocation of assets and liabilities.Transaction structures involving trusts, nominees and similar entities are prohibited. Therefore, such regulation may impede our ability to negotiate and complete abusiness combination transaction on financial terms that satisfy our investors and protect our stockholders’ economic interests.15Table of ContentsPRC regulation of loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion mayrestrict or prevent us from using the proceeds of our future financings to make loans to our PRC subsidiaries, or to make additional capital contributions toour PRC subsidiary.We, as an offshore holding company, are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC subsidiary, which are treated as foreigninvestedenterprises under PRC laws, through loans or capital contributions. However, loans by us to any PRC subsidiary to finance its activities cannot exceed statutorylimits and must be registered with the local counterpart of SAFE and capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary are subject to the requirement of making necessaryfilings in the Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System, and registration with other governmental authorities in China.SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital ofForeigninvested Enterprises, or Circular 19, effective on June 1, 2015, in replacement of the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvementof the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign Invested Enterprises, or Circular 142, the Notice from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Exchange Businesses, or Circular 59, and theCircular on Further Clarification and Regulation of the Issues Concerning the Administration of Certain Capital Account Foreign Exchange Businesses, orCircular 45. According to Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of a foreigninvestedcompany is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans, the repayment of interenterprise loans or the repayment ofbank loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of aforeign invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within the PRC, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFEwill permit such capital to be used for equity investments in the PRC in actual practice. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, whichreiterates some of the rules set forth in Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registeredcapital of a foreigninvested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to grant loans to nonassociated enterprises.Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. Circular 19 and Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer anyforeign currency we hold, including the net proceeds from our future financings, to our PRC subsidiary, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability tofund and expand our business in the PRC.Due to the restrictions imposed on loans in foreign currencies extended to any PRC domestic companies, we are not likely to make such loans to any of our PRCsubsidiaries. Meanwhile, we are not likely to finance the activities of our subsidiaries by means of capital contributions given the restrictions on foreign investmentin the businesses that are currently conducted by our subsidiaries.In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannotassure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, withrespect to future loans to our PRC subsidiary or any consolidated variable interest entity or future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiary. As a result,uncertainties exist as to our ability to provide prompt financial support to our PRC subsidiaries when needed. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain suchapprovals, our ability to use foreign currency, including the proceeds we received from our future financings, and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operationsmay be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.16Table of ContentsAny failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal oradministrative sanctions.Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas nonpubliclylisted companies may submit applications to SAFE orits local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. In the meantime, our directors, executive officers andother employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year, subject to limitedexceptions, and who have been granted restricted shares, options or restricted share units, or RSUs, by us or our overseas listed subsidiaries may follow the Noticeon Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company,issued by SAFE in February 2012, to apply for the foreign exchange registration. According to those regulations, employees, directors and other managementmembers participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC citizens residing in China for acontinuous period of not less than one year, subject to limited exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which may be aPRC subsidiary of the overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines andlegal sanctions and may also limit their ability to make payment under the relevant equity incentive plans or receive dividends or sales proceeds related thereto inforeign currencies, or our ability to contribute additional capital into our domestic subsidiaries in China and limit our domestic subsidiaries’ ability to distributedividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties under PRC law that could restrict our ability or the ability of our overseas listed subsidiaries to adoptadditional equity incentive plans for our directors and employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period ofnot less than one year, subject to limited exceptions.In addition, the State Administration of Taxation has issued circulars concerning employee share options, restricted shares or RSUs. Under these circulars,employees working in the PRC who exercise share options, or whose restricted shares or RSUs vest, will be subject to PRC individual income tax. The PRCsubsidiaries of an overseas listed company have obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authoritiesand to withhold individual income taxes of those employees related to their share options, restricted shares or RSUs. If the employees fail to pay, or the PRCsubsidiaries fail to withhold, their income taxes according to relevant laws, rules and regulations, the PRC subsidiaries may face sanctions imposed by the taxauthorities.Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a “resident enterprise” of China. Such classification will likely result in unfavorable taxconsequences to us and our nonPRC shareholders.On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress of China passed a new Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law. On November 28, 2007, the State Council ofChina passed its implementing rules, which took effect on January 1, 2008. Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto managementbodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise,” meaning that it can be treated in a manner similar to a Chinese enterprise for enterprise income taxpurposes. The implementing rules of the EIT Law define de facto management as “substantial and overall management and control over the production andoperations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise.On April 22, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice Concerning Relevant Issues Regarding Cognizance of Chinese Investment ControlledEnterprises Incorporated Offshore as Resident Enterprises. According to the Criteria of de facto Management Bodies, or the Notice, further interprets the applicationof the EIT Law and its implementation nonChinese enterprise or group controlled offshore entities. Pursuant to the Notice, an enterprise incorporated in an offshorejurisdiction and controlled by a Chinese enterprise or group will be classified as a “nondomestically incorporated resident enterprise” if (i) its senior management incharge of daily operations reside or perform their duties mainly in China; (ii) its financial or personnel decisions are made or approved by bodies or persons in China;(iii) its substantial assets and properties, accounting books, corporate chops, board and shareholder minutes are kept in China; and (iv) at least half of its directorswith voting rights or senior management often resident in China. A resident enterprise would be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on its worldwideincome and must pay a withholding tax at a rate of 10%, when paying dividends to its nonPRC shareholders. However, it remains unclear as to whether the Notice isapplicable to an offshore enterprise incorporated by a Chinese natural person, nor detailed measures on imposition of tax from nondomestically incorporatedresident enterprises are available. Therefore, it is unclear how tax authorities will determine tax residency based on the facts of each case.17Table of ContentsWe may be deemed to be a resident enterprise by Chinese tax authorities. If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for the PRCenterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on financingproceeds and nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although, under the EIT Law and its implementingrules, dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued a guidance with respect to the processingof outbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for the PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidanceissued with respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation, which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to ournonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC stockholders from transferring our shares.Our failure to fully comply with PRC laws relating to social insurance and housing accumulation fund may expose it to potential administrative penalties. The PRC laws and regulations require all employers in China to fully contribute their own portion to the social insurance and housing accumulation funds for theiremployees within a certain period of time. Failure to do so may expose the employers to make rectification for the unpaid contributions by the relevant laborauthority. As of the date of this report, Hongri PRC has not paid housing accumulation funds for its employees. In addition, Hongri PRC failed to make contributions to thesocial insurance in full amount for its employees before 2014. PRC governmental authorities may impose penalties on Hongri PRC for failure to comply. In addition, inthe event that any current or former employee files a complaint with the PRC government, Hongri PRC may be subject to making up the contributions to the socialinsurance and housing accumulation funds as well as paying administrative fines. The total cost of these contributions and any related fines or penalties could besignificant and could have a material adverse effect on our working capital. We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Chinese anticorruption laws, and any determination that we violated these lawscould have a material adverse effect on our business. We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act, or FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and theirofficials and political parties by U.S. persons and issuers as defined by the statute, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have operations,agreements with third parties, and make most of our sales in China. The PRC also strictly prohibits bribery of government officials. Our activities in China create therisk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company, even though they may not alwaysbe subject to our control. It is our policy to implement safeguards to discourage these practices by our employees. However, our existing safeguards and any futureimprovements may prove to be less than effective, and the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company may engage in conduct for whichwe might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA or Chinese anticorruption laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to otherliabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the U.S. government may seek to hold our Companyliable for successor liability FCPA violations committed by companies in which we invest or that we acquire. If we become directly subject to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.listed Chinese companies, we may have to expendsignificant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations, stock price and reputation, and could result in a loss ofyour investment in our stock, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favorably. In the past few years, U.S. publicly traded companies that have substantially all of their operations in China, particularly companies like us have been the subject ofintense scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators, and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism,and negative publicity has centered around financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, lacking effective internal controls over financial accounting,inadequate corporate governance policies or lacking of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, criticism, and negativepublicity, the publicly traded stocks of many U.S. listed Chinese companies have sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, have become virtually worthless.Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions, and are conducting internal and external investigations into theallegations. It is not clear the effect of this sectorwide scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity will have on our Company, our business, and our stock price. If webecome the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources toinvestigate such allegations defending our Company. This situation will be costly, time consuming, and distract our management from growing our company.18Table of ContentsThe disclosures in our reports and other filings with the SEC and our other public pronouncements will not be subject to the scrutiny of any regulatory bodiesin the PRC. Accordingly, our public disclosure should be reviewed in light of the fact that no governmental agency that is located in China where all of ouroperations and business are located have conducted any due diligence on our operations or reviewed or cleared any of our disclosure. Unlike public reporting companies whose operations are located primarily in the United States, however, all of our operations will be located in China. Since all of ouroperations and business takes place in China, it may be more difficult for the Staff of the SEC to overcome the geographic and cultural obstacles that are presentwhen reviewing our disclosure. These same obstacles are not present for similar companies whose operations or business take place entirely or primarily in theUnited States. Furthermore, our SEC reports and other disclosure and public pronouncements are not subject to the review or scrutiny of any PRC regulatoryauthority. For example, the disclosure in our SEC reports and other filings are not subject to the review of the CSRC, a PRC regulator that is tasked with oversight ofthe capital markets in China. Accordingly, you should review our SEC reports, filings and our other public pronouncements with the understanding that no localregulator has done any due diligence on our company and with the understanding that none of our SEC reports, other filings or any of our other publicpronouncements has been reviewed or otherwise been scrutinized by any local regulator. Proceedings instituted by the SEC against five PRCbased accounting firms could result in financial statements being determined to be not in compliance withthe requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.In December 2012, the SEC instituted proceedings under Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) of the SEC’s Rules of Practice against five PRCbased accounting firms alleging that thesefirms had violated U.S. securities laws and the SEC’s rules and regulations thereunder by failing to provide to the SEC the firms’ work papers related to their audits ofcertain PRCbased companies that are publicly traded in the United States. Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) grants to the SEC the authority to deny to any person, temporarily orpermanently, the ability to practice before the SEC who is found by the SEC, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, to have willfully violated, or willfully aidedand abetted the violation of, any such laws or rules and regulations. On January 22, 2014, an initial administrative law decision was issued, sanctioning four of theseaccounting firms and suspending them from practicing before the SEC for a period of six months. The sanction will not take effect until there is an order ofeffectiveness issued by the SEC. In February 2014, four of these PRCbased accounting firms filed a petition for review of the initial decision. In February 2015, eachof these four accounting firms agreed to a censure and to pay fine to the SEC to settle the dispute with the SEC. The settlement stays the current proceeding for fouryears, during which time the firms are required to follow detailed procedures to seek to provide the SEC with access to Chinese firms’ audit documents via the CSRC.If a firm does not follow the procedures, the SEC would impose penalties such as suspensions, or commence a new, expedited administrative proceeding against thenoncompliant firm or it could restart the administrative proceeding against all four firms.If our independent registered public accounting firm were denied, temporarily or permanently, the ability to practice before the SEC, and we are unable to find in atimely manner another registered public accounting firm which can audit and issue a report on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determinedto not be in compliance with the requirements for financial statements of public companies with a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the SEC’s revocation of the registration of our common stock under theExchange Act, which would cause the immediate delisting of our common stock from the NASDAQ Capital Market, and the effective termination of the tradingmarket for our common stock in the United States, which would likely have a significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.19Table of ContentsOur holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should we decide inthe future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depend upon the receipts of dividends or other payments fromour operating subsidiaries, other holdings, and investments. In addition, our operating subsidiaries, from time to time, may be subject to restrictions on their abilityto make distributions to us, including as a result of restrictive covenants in loan agreements, restrictions on the conversion of local currency into U.S. dollars orother hard currency, and other regulatory restrictions as discussed below. If future dividends are paid in RMB, fluctuations in the exchange rate for conversion ofRMB into U.S. dollars may reduce the amount received by the U.S. stockholders upon conversion of dividend payments into U.S. dollars.Chinese regulations currently permit the payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards andregulations. Our subsidiaries in China are also required to set aside a portion of their aftertax profits to fund certain reserve funds according to the Chineseaccounting standards and regulations. Currently, our subsidiaries in China are the only sources of revenues or investment holdings for the payment of dividends. Ifthey do not accumulate sufficient profits under Chinese accounting standards and regulations to satisfy certain reserve funds as required by the Chineseaccounting standards, we will be unable to pay any dividends.Aftertax profits/losses with respect to the payment of dividends from accumulated profits and the annual appropriation of aftertax profits as calculated pursuant tothe Chinese accounting standards and regulations do not result in significant differences as compared to aftertax earnings as presented in our financial statements.However, there are certain differences between PRC accounting standards and regulations and U.S. GAAP, arising from different treatment of items such asamortization of intangible assets and change in fair value of contingent consideration rising from business combinations.RISKS RELATED TO THIS OFFERING AND THE MARKET FOR OUR SECURITIES GENERALLYIf we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of NASDAQ, we would face possible delisting, which would result in a limited public market for ourshares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Our common stock is traded and listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “KBSF.” The common stock may be delisted if we fail to maintain certainNasdaq listing requirements. For instance, companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bidprice per share of $1.00 for 30 consecutive business days. On March 3, 2016, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the 30 consecutive businessdays between January 20, 2016 and March 2, 2016, the bid price of our common stock closed below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQListing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued inclusion on The NASDAQ Capital Market. In accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we had an initial graceperiod of 180 calendar days, or until August 30, 2016, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. After the Company effectuated a oneforfifteenreverse stock split of the outstanding common stock, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq on February 27, 2017 stating that because the Company maintainedthe closing bid price of its common stock at $1.00 per share or greater from February 9 to February 24, 2017, they determined that the Company has regainedcompliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement.We cannot ensure you that we will continue to comply with the requirements for continued listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If our commonstock is no longer listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market, our shares would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our shares could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, andsecurity analysts’ coverage of us may be reduced. In addition, in the event our shares are delisted, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed uponthem, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions in our shares, further limiting the liquidity of our shares. These factors could result in lowerprices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our shares. Such delisting from The NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our shareprice could also greatly impair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing, and could significantly increase the ownershipdilution to shareholders caused by our issuing equity in financing or other transactions.20Table of ContentsIf we were delisted from NASDAQ, we may become subject to the trading complications experienced by “Penny Stocks” in the overthecounter market.Delisting from NASDAQ may cause our shares of common stock to become the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. The SEC generally defines a penny stock as an equitysecurity that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. One such exemption is tobe listed on NASDAQ. The market price of our common stock is currently higher than $1.00 per share. However, because the daily trading volume in our commonstock is very low, significant price movement can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Therefore, were we to be delisted from NASDAQ,our common stock may become subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. These rules require, among other things, that any broker engaging in a purchase or sale ofour securities provide its customers with: (i) a risk disclosure document, (ii) disclosure of market quotations, if any, (iii) disclosure of the compensation of the brokerand its salespersons in the transaction and (iv) monthly account statements showing the market values of our securities held in the customer’s accounts. A brokerwould be required to provide the bid and offer quotations and compensation information before effecting the transaction. This information must be contained on thecustomer’s confirmation. Generally, brokers are less willing to effect transactions in penny stocks due to these additional delivery requirements. These requirementsmay make it more difficult for shareholders to purchase or sell our shares. Because the broker, not us, prepares this information, we would not be able to assure thatsuch information is accurate, complete or current.Trading in our shares over the last three months has been very limited, so our stock price is highly volatile, leading to the possibility that you may not be able tosell as much stock as you want at prevailing prices.Because approximately 70% of our then issued and outstanding shares of common stock was tendered in the tender offering closed on July 29, 2014, we currentlyhave a limited amount of shares eligible for public trading. The average daily trading volume in our common stock over the last three months is very limited. If limitedtrading in our common stock continues, it may be difficult for investors to sell their shares in the public market at any given time at prevailing prices. Moreover, themarket price for shares of our common stock may be made more volatile because of the relatively low volume of trading in our common stock. When trading volumeis low, significant price movement of our common stock can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Volatility in our common stock couldcause stockholders to incur substantial losses.Numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly.There are numerous additional factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly. Thesefactors include:●our earnings releases, actual or anticipated changes in our earnings, fluctuations in our operating results or our failure to meet the expectations of financialmarket analysts and investors;●changes in financial estimates by us or by any securities analysts who might cover our shares;●speculation about our business in the press or the investment community;●significant developments relating to our relationships with our customers or suppliers;●stock market price and volume fluctuations of other publicly traded companies and, in particular, those that are in our industries;●customer demand for our products;●investor perceptions of our industry in general and our company in particular;●the operating and stock performance of comparable companies;●general economic conditions and trends;●major catastrophic events;●announcements by us or our competitors of new products, significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships or divestitures;●changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretation or principles;●loss of external funding sources;●sales of our shares, including sales by our directors, officers or significant shareholders; and●additions or departures of key personnel.21Table of ContentsSecurities class action litigation is often instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their share price. This type of litigation could result insubstantial costs to us and divert our management’s attention and resources. Moreover, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price andvolume fluctuations for reasons unrelated to operating performance of particular companies. For example, in July 2008, the securities markets in the United States,China and other jurisdictions experienced the largest decline in share prices since September 2001. These market fluctuations may adversely affect the price of ourshares and other interests in our company at a time when you want to sell your interest in us.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and do not anticipate paying any cashdividends on our shares. Accordingly, investors must be prepared to rely on sales of their shares after price appreciation to earn an investment return, which maynever occur. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our shares. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion ofour Board of Directors, and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable laws, and otherfactors our board deems relevant.Certain of our shareholders hold a significant percentage of our outstanding voting securities.Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, is the beneficial owner of approximately 37% of our outstanding voting securities. As a result, hepossesses significant influence and can elect a majority of our board of directors and authorize or prevent proposed significant corporate transactions. Hisownership and control may also have the effect of delaying or preventing a future change in control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other businesscombination or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer.Our outstanding warrants may adversely affect the market price of our shares of common stock.There are currently 393,836 warrants outstanding. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50. The sale orpossibility of sale of the shares underlying the warrants could have an adverse effect on the market price for our shares of common stock or our ability to obtainfuture financing. If and to the extent these warrants are exercised, you may experience dilution to your holdings.You will not be able to exercise your redeemable warrants if we do not have an effective registration statement and a prospectus in place when you desire to doso.No redeemable warrants will be exercisable, and we will not be obligated to issue shares of common stock upon exercise of redeemable warrants by a holder unless,at the time of such exercise, we have a registration statement or posteffective amendment under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuableupon the exercise of the redeemable warrants and a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Under the terms of a redeemable warrant agreementbetween American Stock Transfer & Trust Company as warrant agent, and us, we have agreed to use our best efforts to have a registration statement in effectcovering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants from the date the redeemable warrants become exercisable and to maintain acurrent prospectus relating to shares of common stock until the redeemable warrants expire or are redeemed, and to take such action as is necessary to qualify theshares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants for sale in those states in which the IPO was initially qualified. However, we cannotassure you that we will be able to do so. We may be unable to have a registration statement in effect covering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of theredeemable warrants or to maintain a current prospectus relating to such shares of common stock if, for example, we lack the current financial statements necessaryto be included in such registration statement or prospectus. We have no obligation to settle the redeemable warrants for cash, in any event, and the redeemablewarrants may not be exercised and we will not deliver securities therefor in the absence of an effective registration statement and a prospectus available for use. Theredeemable warrants may be deprived of any value, the market for the redeemable warrants may be limited if there is no registration statement in effect covering theshares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the redeemable warrants or the prospectus relating to the shares of common stock issuable upon the exerciseof the redeemable warrants is not current and the redeemable warrants may expire worthless. If you are unable to exercise or sell your redeemable warrants, you willhave paid the full unit price for only the shares of common stock underlying the units.22Table of ContentsHolders of warrants included in the placement units may exercise these warrants even if an effective registration statement and a prospectus is not in place,which means they may be able to exercise such warrants while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.Unlike the warrants underlying the units issued in connection with our IPO, the warrants included in the placement units will not be restricted from being exercisedin the absence of a registration statement under the Securities Act in effect covering the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the such warrantsand a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Therefore, the holders thereof will be able to exercise such warrants regardless of whether the issuanceof the underlying shares of common stock is registered under the Securities Act, while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.We are a “foreign private issuer” and have disclosure obligations that are different than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. Therefore, you should notexpect to receive the same information about us as a U.S. domestic reporting company may provide. Furthermore, if we or lose our status as a foreign privateissuer, we would be required to fully comply with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers and incur significantoperational, administrative, legal, and accounting costs that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer.We are a foreign private issuer. As a result, we are not subject to certain of the requirements imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the SEC. For example, we arenot required by the SEC or the federal securities laws to issue quarterly reports or file proxy statements with the SEC. We are also allowed to file our annual reportwith the SEC within four months of our fiscal year end. We are also not required to disclose certain detailed information regarding executive compensation that isrequired from U.S. domestic issuers. Further, our directors and executive officers are not required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Securities Act. Asa foreign private issuer, we are also exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups ofinvestors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. We are, however, still subject to the antifraud and antimanipulation rules ofthe SEC, such as Rule 10b5. Since many of the disclosure obligations required of us as a foreign private issuer are different than those required by U.S. domesticreporting companies, our shareholders should not expect to receive all of the same types of information about us and at the same time as information is receivedfrom, or provided by, U.S. domestic reporting companies. We are liable for violations of the rules and regulations of the SEC, which do apply to us as a foreignprivate issuer. Violations of these rules could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain NASDAQ corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. Thismay afford less protection to holders of our securities.We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. As a foreign private issuer,we are permitted to follow the governance practices of our home country, the Republic of the Marshall Islands in lieu of certain corporate governance requirementsof Nasdaq. As result, the standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not requiredto:●have a compensation committee and a nominating committee to be comprised solely of “independent directors; and●hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the Company’s fiscal yearend.As a result, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.Future sales or perceived sales of our shares of common stock could depress our stock price.As of the date of this report, we have 2,591,299 shares of common stock outstanding. Many of these shares will become eligible for sale in the public market, subjectto limitations imposed by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. If the holders of these shares were to attempt to sell a substantial amount of their holdings at once, themarket price of our common stock could decline. Moreover, the perceived risk of this potential dilution could cause shareholders to attempt to sell their shares andinvestors to short the common stock, a practice in which an investor sells shares that he or she does not own at prevailing market prices, hoping to purchase shareslater at a lower price to cover the sale. As each of these events would cause the number of shares of our common stock being offered for sale to increase, ourcommon stock market price would likely further decline. All of these events could combine to make it very difficult for us to sell equity or equityrelated securities inthe future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.23Table of ContentsHolders of our securities may face difficulties in protecting their interests because we are incorporated under the Republic of the Marshall Islands law.We are a company incorporated under the laws of the Marshall Islands, and almost all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, majority of ourdirectors and officers, and their assets, are located outside of the United States. As a result, you may have difficulty serving legal process within the United Statesupon us or any of these persons. You may also have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside the United States, judgments you may obtain in U.S. courts against usor these persons in any action, including actions based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal or state securities laws. You may also have difficultybringing an original action in the appropriate court of the Marshall Islands to enforce liabilities against us or any person based upon the U.S. federal securities laws.Provisions of our articles of incorporation may impede a takeover or make it more difficult for shareholders to change the direction or management of theCompany, which could reduce shareholders’ opportunity to influence management of the Company.Our articles of incorporation permit our board of directors to issue up to five million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 from time to time, with suchrights and preferences as they consider appropriate. These terms may include voting rights including the right to vote as a series on particular matters, preferencesas to dividends and liquidation, conversion rights and redemption rights provisions. The issuance of any preferred stock could reduce the value of our commonstock. In addition, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell assets to, a third party. Theability of the board of directors to issue preferred stock could make it more difficult, delay, discourage, prevent or make it more costly to acquire or effect a changeincontrol, which in turn could prevent shareholders from recognizing a gain in the event that a favorable offer is extended and could materially and negatively affectthe market price of our common stock.ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANYA.History and Development of the CompanyWe are a Republic of the Marshall Islands Company incorporated under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BDA”) on January 26, 2012. We wereoriginally organized under the name “Aquasition Corp.” for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, orsimilar acquisition transaction, one or more operating businesses or assets. The address of the Company’s principal executive office is Xingfengge Building,Baogaiyupu Industrial Park, Shishi City, Fujian Province of china.On March 24, 2014, we entered into a share exchange agreement and plan of liquidation (the “Exchange Agreement”), with KBS International, Hongri International, athen wholly owned subsidiary of KBS International and Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, each an individual and shareholder of KBS International (each, a“Principal Stockholder”). The Exchange Agreement was subsequently amended on June 21, 2014. The transactions contemplated in the Exchange Agreement (the“Share Exchange”) were closed on August 1, 2014. At the closing, we acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interest in Hongri International from KBSInternational. In exchange, we issued an aggregate of 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company to KBS International. In addition, on July 29, 2014, wecompleted a tender offer related to the Share Exchange and redeemed the 332,116 shares of common stock validly tendered and not withdrawn. Pursuant to theExchange Agreement, KBS International was liquidated and dissolved in August 2014 and the 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company were distributed toeach shareholder of KBS International according to their respective ownership of KBS International. As a result, following the consummation of the Share Exchange,we had a total of 1,694,489 shares of common stock outstanding.24Table of ContentsOn October 31, 2014, we held a special shareholder meeting and amended our Articles of Incorporation to change our name to KBS Fashion Group Limited.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.On March 29, 2016, we granted an aggregate of 73,334 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their past services in 2015 and future services to be provided in 2016.On July 10, 2017, we granted an aggregate of 215,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company as compensationsfor their services.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their services.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 registered shares of common stock pursuant to our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to our executive officers,directors and certain employees as compensations for their services.On March 29, 2019, our board of directors approved the issuance of 15,000 shares of common stock to our Investor Relationship firm as compensation for theirservices. The issuance of the shares was made in reliance on the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), for theoffer and sale of securities not involving a public offering, and Regulation S promulgated thereunder. None of the shares have been registered under the Act andneither may be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.25Table of ContentsCorporate StructureAll of our business operations are conducted through our PRC subsidiaries. The chart below presents our corporate structure as of the date of this report. The Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regardingissuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.Our web site address is http://www.kbsfashion.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of thisAnnual Report.Principal Capital Expenditures and DivestituresFor the year ended December 31, 2018, our total capital expenditures and divestitures were $nil. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, our total capitalexpenditures and divestitures were $849,199 and $45,445, respectively. Such expenditures were primarily used construction of production facility and purchasing fireprotection facility. Our operating cash flow mainly funded these capital expenditures.B.Business OverviewWe are a leading casual menswear company in China with a demonstrated track record of designing, marketing, and selling our own line of fashion menswear. Ourproducts include men’s apparel, footwear and accessories, primarily targeting urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 in the Tier II and Tier III cities in China.Tier II cities generally refer to major cities located in each province of China other than the capital city of such province. Tier III cities generally refer to countylevelcities in China. Tier III cities that we focus on are the national top 100 county cities identified by the State Statistics Bureau of China each year. These cities arecharacterized by higher GDP, higher disposable income, better education and better infrastructure as compared with other countylevel cities.26Table of ContentsOur apparel products include outerwear, knitwear, denim, tops, bottoms, accessories and footwear. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products,each year with a different theme to highlight the current trends in menswear for the season.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by the company and 40 franchised stores operated by 14 third party distributors or their subdistributors. The number of stores has grown from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017and 2016, sales through our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues respectively, and sales through distributors and whole sellersaccounted for 73%, 66.5% and 78% of our revenues, respectively. Total revenue from corporate stores sales for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $7.0million for 2017 and $5.53 million for 2016.From 2009 through 2018, total net sales decreased from $28.1 million to $18.53 million while the net profit decreased from $9.0 million to a net loss of $8 million.Our Competitive StrengthsWe believe that the following competitive strengths enable us to compete effectively in and capitalize on the growing casual menswear industry in China.●There is a sizable market for our products. We believe that we have a sizeable potential market. Our target customers are male middleclass consumers inthe 2040 age range. According to the national census in 2018, the population in China between 1659 yearsold was approximately 900 million. Our targetgroup falls into this category and is estimated to be more than 200 million people. As a result of the growing affluence in the PRC and increased purchasingpower of the PRC population, we believe that PRC consumers are becoming more willing and able to purchase casual menswear. In addition, we believe thatthe purchasing decision of PRC consumers is becoming more predicated upon brand image, product design and style, rather than just price considerations.With rising affluence and improvement in lifestyle, we also believe the overall Chinese population is generally growing more brand name conscious andstyle oriented and has shown a propensity for increased spending on casual menswear.●We have a strong focus on design and product development. We believe that our inhouse design and product development capabilities allow us to createunique products that appeal to our customers. We have established a strong inhouse design and product development team of 20 employees as of April26, 2019. Our team identifies new fashion trends by attending fashion shows and exhibitions as well as by drawing from creative ideas in magazines andother media. Each spring and fall, we carefully plan and create a new product line for our fall/winter and spring/summer collections of 727 SKU thatencompasses our full range of product offerings, including outerwear, tops, bottoms and accessories. We introduce new design elements into our productlines each season. With our highly skilled and creative team of designers, we have extensive experience in creating unique designs to meet the preferencesand needs of our target customer base.●Our trademarked brand has earned a following in China. Our brand was developed in 2006. Our marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design andmade for Chinese.” Our customers are middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range. We believe that their products’ concept, marketing, design andpackaging fully match with the prowestern attitude and life styles of their target customers. We believe the KBS brand is essential to our success topenetrate to the casual menswear market in China.●We have an extensive and wellmanaged nationwide distribution network. We have an extensive distribution network throughout China. As of December31, 2018, we had 1 KBS branded corporate stores and 32 franchised stores across 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. TheKBS branded corporate stores are required to sell only our products. We have been building up our selected distributor network since 2007. As ofDecember 31, 2018, we had 11 distributors operating 32 franchised stores. All of our distributors have been working with us from 1 to 10 years. We selectour distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry, sales channels, business resources, brand promotioncapabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. Our distributors help us respond to changing consumer tastes in a timelymanner by providing regular feedback on our products at our semiannual sales fairs and frequent communications. The financial resources of ourdistributors allow us to expand our retail network with less working capital investment from us than would be required for establishing direct stores, as ourdistributors are responsible for the store rentals and cost of inventory in their stores. We sold a substantial amount of our products through ourdistributors, which have allowed us to distribute our products to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge ofour distributors and their sub distributors. We believe that our distribution network has enabled us to expand our business and increase our salesefficiently and with less operational risk. This model has also minimized our operational risk because we typically start production after we receive ordersfrom our distributors. We believe that using a distribution network to sell a substantial amount of our KBS products has enabled us to devote ourresources to our core competitive strengths of design, brand management and product development.27Table of Contents●We have an experienced management team. Our management team has extensive R&D, marketing and financial experience, led by our Chief ExecutiveOfficer, Mr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has over 27 years of experience in the apparel industry and also has developed a differentiated product by internationalcooperation with a Korean designer. After working in the garment industry for more than 16 years, Mr. Yan acquired and developed the KBS brand. Withhis strong understanding of the apparel industry, Mr. Yan has successfully established this brand name in the market. We are committed to attract andretain top management level executives who we believe are and will continue to be the driving force behind our product development and growth.Our Growth StrategyWe intend to further strengthen our market position in the casual menswear market in China by implementing the following strategies:●We plan to expand our online business and purchase one or more online sales platforms or online stores. Together with the change in consumer trends,online sales is now the most important sales channel in Chinese market and is becoming increasingly important globally. Sales from our stores anddistributors have been steadily decreasing, and we are now in the process of identifying the best possible ways to establish and expand our onlinebusiness. We plan to research and purchase one or more online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that KBS will have better opportunities toexpand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores in year 2019, and the management of KBS will keep on exploring other areas and businessmodels, such as the use of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends. We consider that ourpolicy to expand our outreach using new technologies will add significant shareholder value.●We plan to expand our OEM sales by attracting more reputable and longterm clients. We just had the renewal of a framework sales contract with twomajor current customers: Hangzhou Zhi Yin Apparel Clothes Co., Ltd and Hangzhou Yiyuan Apparel Co., Ltd. These two sales contracts are expected togenerate approximately RMB 28 million in total, of which RMB 20 million relates to Hangzhou Ziyin of new 450,000 orders and RMB 8 million relates toHangzhou Yiyuan of new 160,000 orders for this year. We are also expanding our OEM business and to get more clients, especially to focus on onlineproviders, as they have expanded their market share over the past years quickly together with the change in Chinese consumer’s preferences and occupy alarge market share. By the time when we start executing the orders, we expect that we can have sustainable and increasing business.●We plan to invest in a Greece Based Private Smart Tech Apparel Company. We signed a letter of intent with Tribe, one of the most innovative smartclothing technology companies internationally. If the transaction is consummated, we conceive that this investment will enhance and expand significantlyour client network and products offering. The smart clothing market is expected to surpass the 2 trillion US dollars in size in 2019 and we believe we are wellpositioned to capture a part of this market in the wider region.28Table of Contents●We plan to continue to raise the profile of the KBS brand through enhanced advertising and promotional activities. We believe that the strongassociation of KBS brand with our concept of “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese” has helped drive our brand positioning and customers’receptivity to our products. We intend to further build our brand and deliver a consistent brand image from product design to sales and marketing. We seekto promote and enhance our presence in China’s casual menswear market by continuing to adopt proactive marketing strategies and produce high quality,well designed casual menswear for our target market. In particular, we aim to increase awareness of our brand through: (1) multichannel advertisingstrategies through national television, fashion magazines, billboards and other media channels; (2) further assisting our distributors’ regional advertisingefforts; (3) distinctive store and product launch campaigns, including special events for new product launches and largescale grand opening events fornew stores, particularly new corporate stores; (4) update of the decoration and layout of a number of existing stores which have been in operation for yearsto improve the shopping experience; (5) participation in fashion shows; and (6) sponsorships of selected highimpact events. We believe that theseadvertising and promotional activities will help to further strengthen brand awareness in our target market and enhance customer loyalty.●We plan to expand and build upon our design and product development capabilities. We intend to further strengthen our design and productdevelopment capabilities by accelerating the commercialization of design concepts, expanding our product offerings and continuing to develop what webelieve is unique casual menswear. We plan to further invest in design and product development and expand our design and product development team byattracting talented designers, either domestic or international, and training young graduates from leading fashion design institutes. We believe thatcombining western fashion design experience with our local designer’s understanding of the China market and aesthetic will enable us to create fashionableyet popular casual menswear for consumers in China. We also intend to cooperate with our suppliers to develop new materials and fabrics which we believewill give customers a unique fashion product and create new market opportunities. We believe that our focus on designing unique and quality casualmenswear will allow us to maintain our competitiveness and help to enhance our sales and overall profitability.●We plan to expand our production capacity to expand and diversify our product offerings. Our production facility is located in Taihu City, AnhuiProvince, China, consisting of total 110,557 square meters of land. Currently this facility has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per yearand can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famous sportswear producers, some successful onlinebrand stores and fulfill some overseas orders. The construction of our facility commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases: Phase 1 consists of theconstruction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We have completed theconstruction of facilities for Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Although we have the designed capacity of 5 million pieces yearly, the facilitycurrently may only produce 2 million pieces per year. Phase 3 construction has been delayed because the local government needs additional time toconclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 canbe continued. Phase 4 will include production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quarters and livingfacilities. Upon completion, the new facility is expected to have a production capacity of 20 million pieces and accommodate 5,000 workers. Please see“Production” below for a more complete explanation of our plans for the expansion of our production capacity. We anticipate that the new productionfacility will allow us to further refine our existing product lines by offering more styles within our existing apparel and accessories categories and tointroduce additional, complementary apparel and accessories categories into our product line. We currently introduce 500 to 900 different styles ofproducts each year and intend to increase the number of our product offerings in the future.●We plan to expand our international market and attract more orders from overseas. Starting from year 2016, we have been awarded international OEMorders for producing clothes with overseas brands. Such orders are usually large and continuous. Due to the completion of phase 2 construction of ourAnhui factory, we have enough production capacity to take on large orders. The current utilization rate of the Anhui factory is still quite low and we expectto invest more in attracting more large orders from overseas.The KBS BrandWe are engaged in a highly competitive industry in which brand image and recognition is critical to attracting customers to purchase our products. We haveadopted KBS as a uniform brand name and image for all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. The KBS brand was created byMs. Qinghua Ye in 2006 and registered with the trademark administration authority in 2008. Subsequently, Ms. Ye assigned the KBS trademark to Hongri PRC in2008. In 2009, Hongri PRC transferred this trademark to France Cock, which then licensed such trademark back to Hongri PRC. Based on our sharp rise in revenuesince 2006, we believe that the KBS brand has gained a following in the casual menswear market in the cities where our products are sold.29Table of ContentsTo promote our brand, we have developed and implemented brand management policies in all of our corporate stores and franchised stores. Our brand managementpolicies set out detailed requirements for store decorations and display of products. This enables us to project a consistent brand image. In addition, each season,our design and product development team develops display concepts, including the presentation of our collections in the stores and the color schemes for thebackdrops. We also work closely with our distributors to supervise the daily operations of franchised stores through unscheduled visits to ensure that our brandmanagement policies are properly followed.We may suspend the supply of our products or terminate distribution agreements in the event that any of our distributors or their subdistributors consistently failsto comply with our brand management policies.Our ProductsOur apparel products include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, socks and caps. In 2018, thesuggested retail prices of our products ranged from RMB 15 to RMB1,599 (approximately $2 to $237) for our apparel products and RMB178 to RMB1599(approximately $26 to $236) for our accessory products. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products, each year with a different theme tohighlight the current trends in menswear for the season.Our DesignWe believe one of our key strengths is our internal design and product development team, which designs products that reinforce our brand image. Major parts ofour products are designed by our internal design and product development team with the collaboration of Korean designers. As of December 31, 2018, our designand product development team consisted of 20 members, including one senior designer with over five years of working experience. Final design concepts areapproved by Mr. Keyan Yan, who has more than 27 years of experience in the industry. All of the other designers are graduates of professional design schools inChina. We believe that our design and product development team is innovative and passionate and that the individual experience of each of our designers helpsbring new and exciting products to our customers. Our design and product development team conceptualizes each season’s collections through an interactiveprocess, taking into account our brand strategy, product image and market feedback, drawing inspirations from domestic and international fashion trends andcollaborating with both our suppliers and distributors to finetune our designs. In particular, we collaborate with our suppliers to develop a variety of materials andfabrics for our products. We also involve distributors in our product selection process to take advantage of their market intelligence, which helps us to adapt toconstantly changing customer preferences in local markets. Our designers also attend various domestic and international fashion shows to keep abreast of the latestfashion trends.Starting from year 2015, design of our products comes from three channels. In addition to designing products by our inhouse staff, we outsource to certainreputable designers. From time to time, our ODMs also will directly sell their designed products to us.In a typical year, we design and make around 1,500 prototypes. After the initial product selection, internal cost analysis of approved prototypes and final selectionby distributors at the sales fairs, we eventually select approximately 750 designs for mass production. Final design of all of our products will be approved by ourChairman, Mr. Yan.Our Distribution NetworkWe have established a nationwide distribution network consisting of corporate stores and franchised stores covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrallyadministered municipalities.Corporate StoresAs of December 31, 2018, we owned and operated 1 corporate store with the floor area of approximately 120 square meters. As part of our corporate strategy, weclosed 17 corporate stores in last two years because of the low profitability of certain corporate stores. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, salesthrough our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues, respectively.30Table of ContentsWe directly own and operate our corporate store. This direct control enables us to have closer relationship with our ultimate customers and better understanding ofmarket trends and consumer preferences. Required capital for opening of each store depends on the location and area of the designated store. On average, therenovation cost per store is around $67,000 and the first year of rent payment is around $140,000 including premium paid to the previous owner. Rental period variesfrom two to five years. The total capital required to open a new store is generally around $207,000 per store. Once negotiation of rent is concluded, it takes one totwo months to open up a store. We usually open up stores right before a peak season, such as labor holiday in May, National holiday in October and Chinese NewYear in January/February. On average, new stores break even after one to three months of operation.We currently have one standard designs for our corporate stores located in Fujian Province. They were considered as flagship stores for our distributors’ reference.Because in year 2016 and 2015 we closed some corporate stores, the inventories of these stores were cleared through promotion exhibitions we held in the thirdtiercities at lower prices.For corporate stores opened in second tier cities, we normally have a higher aesthetic standard compared with corporate stores in third and fourth tier cities. Wegenerally locate our corporate stores at street level to access high pedestrian flow. Normally, we will sell inseason stock in our secondtier city corporate stores. Oursecondtier city corporate stores are also designed to showcase our marketability to potential distributors so as to induce them to join our distributorship. For storesopened in the third and fourth tier cities, we normally sell some of our slowmoving or offseason stock at a discount due to our awareness of the generally lesseramount of disposable income available to residents of these cities. During certain times of the year, such as the New Year, Chinese New Year and Labor Day, we willorganize promotional discounts together with our franchised stores to attract more customers and increase our stock turnover.Franchised StoresWe sell a substantial amount of our products to our franchised distributors who in turn sell them to retail customers through KBS branded retail stores operated byour distributors or their subdistributors. Since 2013, we have also been selling products to 3 provincial distributors without their own stores, or the nostoredistributors, on a trial basis. We do not have any ownership in, or controlling relationship with, these franchised stores, but we have entered into distributionagreements with them in the Company’s standard form, pursuant to which we require distributors and their subdistributors to sell only KBS products in thesestores. Distributors are responsible for selecting and ordering products from us and overseeing the sales in the stores operated by them and their subdistributors.By selling directly to our distributors, we can recognize revenues upon delivery to our distributors and delegate the distribution responsibilities to our distributors.This allows us to distribute our merchandise to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge of our distributors and theirsubdistributors. This also minimizes our inventory and sales risks while allowing us to allocate our resources to our core competitive strengths of design, brandmanagement and product development. We believe that our cooperation with distributors has enabled us to expand our business and accelerate our sales growth atmuch lower costs and operational risk and achieve brand recognition throughout China.We have been building up our selected franchised distributor network since 2007. As of December 31, 2018, we had 11 franchised distributors who operated 32 retailstores directly or through their subdistributors, all of which were standalone stores, which were typically located in commercial centers, including departmentstores or shopping malls, in their cities. All these distributors have worked with us for about 1 to 8 years. We have not encountered any material dispute or financialdifficulty with our key distributors. The average floor area of each retail store was approximately 78 square meters as of December 2018. The number of retail storeshas grown significantly in recent years from 7 as of December 31, 2006, with the aggregate floor area increasing from 560 square meters as of December 31, 2006 to2,635 square meters as of December 31, 2018. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, sales through our distributors accounted for 73%, 63.3% and78% of our revenues, respectively. 31Table of ContentsDuring each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we had no customer exceeding 10% of our net sales.Sales generated by our five bestperforming franchised distributors accounted for approximately 29.3%, 23.8% and 28.3% of our revenues in the years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Those top distributors have been with us since 2007 or 2008 and have grown organically with us. At the same time,we are exploring more distributors in other regions including relatively small distributors to grow with their businesses. Although we rely on distributors for thesales and marketing of our products, we believe our business is not substantially dependent on any individual distributor.We are highly selective in appointing distributors. We select our distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry,sales channels, business resources, brand promotion capabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. We maintain good relationshipswith many regional or local distributor candidates which we identify through our internal research and external referrals but only appoint a handful of them tobecome our distributors. We evaluate the relevant experience of the distributor candidates in operating retail stores, their financial condition and sources of fundingrequired for the establishment of a regional distribution network and their ability to develop a network of retail stores in the designated distribution region of a givendistributor before we make any appointment.Once appointed, each distributor must enter into a distribution agreement with us. We do not own any interest in any of our distributors, their subdistributors orthe retail stores they operate. The distribution agreements we typically enter into with distributors do not allow us to be involved in the daily operating, financing orother activities of the distributors, except that distributors need to comply with our brand management policies and pricing and store management guidelines. Keyterms of our standard distribution agreement include:●Product Exclusivity. Our distributors are required to sell only our products at KBS branded retail outlets managed by them or authorized retailers.●Geographic Coverage. Distributors are granted exclusive rights to distribute our products (directly and indirectly through their subdistributors) in theretail stores within the specified geographic area with no overlapping of distributors within our distribution network. However, we retain the right to operatedirect stores anywhere regardless of whether we have appointed distributors there.●Duration. The distribution agreements generally have an initial term of one year and are renewable at our discretion after taking into account factors suchas compliance with our brand management policies and sales performance.●Distributor Pricing. Distributors agree to order our products at a discount from our suggested retail prices. The discounted wholesale prices todistributors are classified into the following three categories: provincial distributor at a discount of 35% of retail price, district distributor is 30% of retailprice and the wholesale distributor is 25% of retail price.●Minimum Purchase Requirement. Each of our distributors is customarily expected to purchase a minimum amount of our products for each trade fair heldbiannually according to their present and expected distribution network. The minimum is typically RMB800,000 (approximately $110,000) for each store.●Payment and Delivery. Normally, we expect distributors to pay us RMB0.5 million (approximately $74,000) to RMB1 million (approximately $148,148) as adeposit upon placing an order. Upon delivery of the orders, we will deduct amounts on deposit from the purchase price. For new and small districtdistributors, we normally require them to pay the balance before the delivery of its products. We may also accept payment on credit terms to the extentrequested by distributors experiencing working capital difficulties or encouraging them to order more. The amount and duration of credit granted to eachdistributor will depend on its financial position and creditworthiness. We handle the arrangements for delivery of our products, but the distributors arenormally expected to bear the related costs and expenses.32Table of Contents●Return of Products. We will only accept product returns from distributors for quality reasons and only if the distributors followed our standard proceduresin processing the returned products. So far, we have not experienced any product returns due to expressed quality reasons.●Retail Pricing. Other than at times when we launch promotional campaigns or adjust our strategies, distributors must adopt, and are required to procuretheir subdistributors to adopt, our suggested retail prices for products. Distributors must obtain our consent before launching any distributor specificspecial offers.●Brand Management. Distributors must comply with our brand management policies and store management guidelines. We may impose penalties, forfeitureof deposit, suspend supply of products and terminate the agreement in the event of any breach of such policies.●Termination. We may generally terminate the distribution agreements and seek indemnification in the event of breach by distributors. In the event of sometypes of breach, we may not terminate the agreement but have other remedies. For example, if a distributor fails to order all products provided for under thedistributorship agreement, we may instead impose forfeiture of deposit or withhold certain benefits.When opening new retail stores, our distributors conduct research on the market potential of the proposed retail sites, after which they will provide us with anapplication for opening a new retail store. In reviewing applications, we consider factors including the store location, store layout, available area, marketopportunities, competitors and estimated sales. We conduct selected onsite investigations to verify applications filed by our distributors. Our retail stores aregenerally located in convenient retail locations in their respective cities and thus benefit from high volumes of pedestrian traffic.Effective monitoring of distributors and their retail stores is critical to our success. We have a team in our marketing, sales and distribution department to monitorour distributors’ and their subdistributors’ performance, who conduct onsite inspections of selected retail stores each quarter without prior notice to ensurecompliance with our store management guidelines. According to the results of our inspections, we, from time to time, make suggestions to our distributors withrespect to the opening or closure of their retail stores. Distributors also need to submit to us their annual/ semiannual plans to estimate their orders for the nextseason and their plan to improve the performance of existing retail stores or expand by opening new retail stores. This reporting system enables us to access uptodate sales projections of our distributors and their subdistributors, which reflects the overall level of retail sales of our products. It also provides us with theexpansion plan of each distributor which helps us prepare our overall development plan in a more accurate manner.We invite our distributors, as well as a select number of their subdistributors and retail store managers, to attend our sales fairs, which are held twice a year. Duringthe sales fairs, we discuss with our distributors and their subdistributors the upcoming product line. Apart from participating in two sales fairs each year, ourdistributors visit us from time to time and contact us as necessary, which allows us to have access to updated market information. We also provide training fordistributors and their subdistributors in the areas of sales techniques, customer service and product knowledge, typically prior to the launch of our new collectionseach year. We believe that these investments help to improve the operations of the sales network and provide additional valueadded services to retain ourdistributors and their subdistributors.The following table lists by region the number of retail stores operated by distributors and subdistributors as of December 31, 2018:LocationAs ofDecember 31,2018Fujian6Guangdong2Guangxi3Jiangsu4Anhui2Chongqing4Tianjin3Hebei4Sichuan4Total3233Table of ContentsPricing PolicyWe sell our products to our distributors at uniform discounts from our suggested retail prices. We have a suggested retail price policy that applies to all our storesto help maintain brand image, ensure consistent pricing levels from region to region and prevent price competition among our distributors. In determining our pricingstrategies, we take into account market supply and demand, production cost and the prices of our competitors’ similar products. Our sales representatives collectand record the retail prices of our products sold by our retailers. We analyze the information collected and engage in discussions with our distributors to ensure thatthey follow our pricing policy. See “Franchised Stores” above.ProductionOriginally located in Shishi City in Fujian Province and started production in 2006, our production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China.The facility currently has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famoussportswear producers. Our production facility was operating at full capacity between 2009 and 2012. In 2014, we produced about 0.39 million units at the operatingcapacity of 19.5%; while in 2015,we produced about 0.48 million units at the operating capacity of 24%. In 2016, we produced about 0.54 million units at the operatingcapacity of 27%.In 2017 and 2018, we produced about 0.30 million and 0.49 million units at the operating capacity of 15% and 25%. Since 2011, we have been negotiating with the local government to acquire land use rights for our current facility consisting of 110,557 square meters. We obtaineda portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square meters and 2,440 square meters in March 2012 and May 2012, respectively, and have finishedthe construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factoryin year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with localresidents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. While we cannot guaranteewhen and whether the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land will be eventually completed, we believe we will be in a better position toschedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Once completed, our total production capacity of the facility isexpected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.All of the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers bear the brand name KBS. As of December 31, 2018, we had 3 ODM contractmanufacturers and 3 OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had 3 and 6 OEM contract manufacturers, respectively. Oursourcing strategy is based upon the quality of fabrics and workmanship that our customers expect from the KBS brand. The costs of our outsourced productionamounted to approximately $8.38 million, $10.94 million and$26.1 million for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, accounting forapproximately 27.3%, 31% and 66.8% of our total cost of sales in the respective periods.As of December 31, 2018, our principal ODM and OEM contract suppliers included the following:No.1Bai Tian Ni (Fujian) Clothing fabric Co. Ltd2Shishi Hua Lai Shi Clothing Co. Ltd3Jinjiang City Hongtawanheng trading Co. Ltd4Fujian Gumaite Clothing Technology Co. Ltd5Shishi Rongpeng Clothing Co. Ltd6Hubei Mingyuan Clothing Co. LtdWe are not materially reliant on any single ODM or OEM contract supplier.34Table of ContentsInventory ManagementWe recognize that controlling the level of inventory is important to our overall operational efficiency and cost control. Based on the purchase orders our distributorsand the department store chains place at our biannual sales fairs, we are able to anticipate the demand for our products in advance and plan ahead for our ownmanufacturing and the orders we will be required to place with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We generally plan purchases of raw materials and placemanufacturing orders with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers immediately after each of our two seasonal sales fairs, usually in May for our autumn andwinter products and in October for our spring and summer products, where we confirm sales orders with our distributors and department store chains. This enablesus and our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to have sufficient time, ranging from two to eight weeks, to produce the products and provide our productssuitable for a specific season to our distributors and department store chains on a justintime basis so as to minimize our inventory levels. The alternative way tocontrol cost is when if we have chance to buy materials which the price is much lower than market price, we will buy it in advance and give to OEM contractmanufactures use our material to produce.Quality ControlProduct quality control is a critical aspect of our business. Our dedicated quality control team performs various quality inspection and testing procedures, includingrandom sample testing at different stages of our production process, to ensure that our products meet or exceed the expectations of our consumers. We also performroutine product inspections on every batch of our products and sample testing to ensure consistent quality of our products, including semifinished and finishedproducts.We have implemented a centralized system for procurement and inspection of raw materials and ancillary components to help ensure a stable and high qualitysupply. Those materials and components that fail to meet our tests may be returned to the suppliers for replacement. Our quality control team also carries out qualitycontrol procedures on the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We conduct onsite inspections of our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers before we enter into business relationships with them. We also send our inhouse quality control staff onsite to our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers to monitor the entire production process. The initial product inspections are performed onsite by our staff before these products are shipped to ourheadquarters for further inspection and storage in our warehouse. We also provide technical training to ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to assist them withquality control of the production processes and inspect preproduction samples and finished products from ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We have notencountered any material disruptions to our business as a result of the failure of any of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to meet our quality standards.In order to further improve the quality of our products and shorten our delivery cycle, we intend to increase our control over the manufacturing process andproduction cycle of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers, primarily by requiring our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to implement stricter and morecomprehensive quality control procedures, which cover each stage of the production process, from raw material selection and procurement to finished productspackaging and delivery. We also intend to apply more stringent standards for inspecting products manufactured for us by our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers.Marketing and AdvertisingWe have conducted multichannel marketing campaigns to advertise our products to our target customers through advertising in newspapers, magazines, theInternet, and billboards, and organizing regular and frequent instore marketing activities and road shows.We have implemented strict requirements on our distributors with respect to the display and promotion of our products to ensure consistent branding and enhancemarketing results. Our distributors are required to ensure that our marketing strategies are implemented at the retail outlets managed or authorized by them, includingdisplaying our products according to our specifications and using our billboard advertisements. We also assign sales representatives to monitor the instoredisplays of our products at various retail outlets on a regular basis to help ensure that our retailers have followed our product display policies.In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 our total advertising and promotional expenses amounted to approximately $1.21 million, $1.59 million and $1.55million, respectively, which accounted for approximately 6.6%, 7.5% and 3.8% of our revenues in the respective periods.35Table of ContentsCompetitionThe menswear industry in China is a fragmented industry. Competition mainly comes from local market players such as Exceed, Xiniya, Zuoan and Cabbeen. Webelieves that we differentiate ourselves by providing more fashionable, youngerlooking and leisure products, and competitive pricing without giving up the casualfeel of our products.We compete primarily on the basis of product design, brand recognition, operational efficiency and a low cost structure. Some of our domestic competitors have astronger customer base, greater resources and more industry expertise than us. However, we believe that we can continue to successfully compete with our localcompetitors due to our unique product designs.Intellectual PropertyWe currently have the licenses to use two registered trademarks in the PRC.The registered trademarks on which we have licenses are the following:TrademarkRegistration No.Valid TermKBS4342760Jan 1, 2019 August 28, 2028Ka bi sports5462336March 14, 2010 March 12,2020We believe that these trademarks provide significant value as they are important for marketing and building brand recognition. We are not aware of any third partycurrently using trademarks similar to our trademarks in the PRC on the same products.InsuranceWe do not have any business liability, interruption or litigation insurance coverage for our operations in China. Insurance companies in China offer limited businessinsurance products. While business interruption insurance is available to a limited extent in China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of suchinsurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance.Therefore, we are subject to business and product liability exposure. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—We have limited insurance coverage inChina and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses.”RegulationBecause our primary operating subsidiaries are located in China, we are subject to China’s national and local laws detailed below. We believe that we are in materialcompliance with all registrations and requirements for the issuance and maintenance of all licenses required by the governing bodies and that all license fees andfilings are current. This section summarizes the major PRC regulations relating to our business.Regulations Relating to Foreign InvestmentInvestment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are mainly governed by the Guidance Catalog of Industries for Foreign Investment (2017 revision), or theCatalog, which was promulgated jointly by MOFCOM and the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, on June 28, 2017 and entered into forceon July 28, 2017. The Catalog divides industries into four categories in terms of foreign investment, which are “encouraged,” “restricted,” and “prohibited,” and allindustries that are not listed under one of these categories are deemed to be “permitted.” Establishment of wholly foreignowned enterprises is generally allowed inencouraged and permitted industries. Some restricted industries are limited to equity or contractual joint ventures, while in some cases Chinese partners are requiredto hold the majority interests in such joint ventures. In addition, foreign investment in restricted category projects is subject to government approvals. Foreigninvestors are not allowed to invest in industries in the prohibited category. Industries not listed in the Catalogue are generally open to foreign investment unlessspecifically restricted by other PRC regulations.36Table of ContentsIn June 2018, MOFCOM and NDRC promulgated the Special Management Measures (Negative List) for the Access of Foreign Investment, or the Negative List,effective July 2018. The Negative List expands the scope of permitted industries by foreign investment by reducing the number of industries that fall within theNegative List where restrictions on the shareholding percentage or requirements on the composition of board or senior management still exists. Foreign investmentin valueadded telecommunications services (except for ecommerce) falls within the Negative List.In October 2016, MOFCOM issued the Interim Measures for Recordfiling Administration of the Establishment and Change of Foreigninvested Enterprises, or FIERecordfiling Interim Measures, most recently amended in July 2017. Pursuant to FIE Recordfiling Interim Measures, the establishment and change of foreigninvested enterprises are subject to recordfiling procedures, instead of prior approval requirements, provided that such establishment or change does not involvespecial entry administration measures. If the establishment or change of foreigninvested enterprises matters involve the special entry administration measures, theapproval of the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterparts is still required.Regulations Relating to Product QualityThe principal legal provisions governing product liability are set forth in the PRC Product Quality Law, which was promulgated in February 1993 by the SCNPC andamended in July 2000 and August 2009.The PRC Product Quality Law stipulates the responsibilities and obligations of product sellers and producers. Violations of the PRC Product Quality Law may resultin the imposition of fines. In addition, the seller or producer may be ordered to suspend its operations, and its business license may be revoked. There may also bePART IPART IIPART III20F 1 f20f2018_kbsfashiongroup.htm FORM 20FUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F(Mark One)☐REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ___________ to ___________OR¨SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report:Commission file number: 00135715KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)Not Applicable(Translation of Registrant’s Name Into English)Republic of the Marshall Islands(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)Xin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of China(Address of Principal Executive Offices)Mr. Keyan Yan, Chief Executive OfficerXin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of ChinaTel: + (86) 595 8889 6198Fax: (86) 595 8850 5328(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of Each ClassName of Each Exchange On Which RegisteredCommon Stock, $0.0001 par valueNASDAQ Capital MarketSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.Units, Common Stock Purchase Warrants(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.None(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report(December 31, 2018): 2,271,299Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐No ☒If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of“large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large Accelerated Filer ☐Accelerated Filer ☐NonAccelerated Filer ☒Emerging Growth Company☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting StandardsCodification after April 5, 2012.Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:U.S. GAAP ☐International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting StandardsBoard ☒Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ☐ Item17 ☐Item 18If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒Annual Report on Form 20FYear Ended December 31, 2018TABLE OF CONTENTSPageITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS2A.Directors and Senior Management2B.Advisors2C.Auditors2ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE2A.Offer Statistics2B.Method and Expected Timetable2ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATION2A.Selected Financial Data2B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY24A.History and Development of the Company24B.Business Overview26C.Organizational Structure42D.Property, Plants and Equipment43ITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS44ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS44A.Principal Factors Affecting Financial Performance45B.Liquidity and Capital Resources50C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.51D.Trend Information51E.Off Balance Sheet Arrangements51F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations52G.Safe Harbor62ITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES63A.Directors and Senior Management63B.Compensation64C.Board Practices65D.Employees66E.Share Ownership66ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS67A.Major Shareholders67B.Related Party Transactions67C.Interests of Experts and Counsel67iTable of ContentsITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATION67A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information67B.Significant Changes68ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTING68A.Offer and Listing Details68B.Plan of Distribution68C.Markets68D.Selling Shareholders68E.Dilution68F.Expenses of the Issue68ITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATION69A.Share Capital69B.Memorandum and Articles of Association69C.Material Contracts71D.Exchange Controls71E.Taxation74F.Dividends and Paying Agents79G.Statement by Experts79H.Documents on Display79I.Subsidiary Information79ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK79ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES80A.Debt Securities80B.Warrants and Rights80C.Other Securities80D.American Depositary Shares80ITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES81ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS81ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES81A.Disclosure Controls and Procedures81B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting81C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm81D.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting82ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT82ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICS82ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES82ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES82ITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS83ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT83ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCE83ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE83ITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 19.EXHIBITS84iiTable of ContentsINTRODUCTORY NOTESUse of Certain Defined TermsExcept as otherwise indicated by the context and for the purposes of this report only, references in this report to:●“KBS,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” are to KBS Fashion Group Ltd., a company organized in the Republic of the Marshall Islands;●““KBS International,” refers to KBS International Holding Inc., a Nevada corporation, which was dissolved in August 2014;●“Hongri PRC,” refers to Hongri (Fujian) Sports Goods Co., Ltd., which is our wholly owned subsidiary organized in the PRC;●“Hongri International” are to Hongri International Holdings Limited, which is our wholly owned subsidiary and a company organized in the BVI;●“BVI” are to the British Virgin Islands;●“Hong Kong” are to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China;●“PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China;●“SEC” are to the Securities and Exchange Commission;●“Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;●“Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;●“Renminbi” and “RMB” are to the legal currency of China; and●“U.S. dollars,” “dollars” and “$” are to the legal currency of the United States.ForwardLooking InformationIn addition to historical information, this report contains forwardlooking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of theExchange Act. We use words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “target,” “plan,” “optimistic,” “intend,” “aim,” “will” or similar expressions whichare intended to identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, among others, those concerning market and industry segment growth and demandand acceptance of new and existing products; any projections of sales, earnings, revenue, margins or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategiesand objectives of management for future operations; and any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, as well as all assumptions,expectations, predictions, intentions or beliefs about future events. You are cautioned that any such forwardlooking statements are not guarantees of futureperformance and involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions, which, if they were to ever materialize or prove incorrect, could cause the results of theCompany to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forwardlooking statements. Potential risks and uncertainties include, among other things, thepossibility that we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues and profits due to our failure to anticipate consumer preferences and develop newmenswear products, our failure to execute our business expansion plan, changes in domestic and foreign laws, regulations and taxes, changes in economicconditions, uncertainties related to China’s legal system and economic, political and social events in China, a general economic downturn, a downturn in thesecurities markets, and other risks and uncertainties which are generally set forth under Item 3 “Key information—D. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and our other filings with the SEC. These reports attempt toadvise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects. The forwardlookingstatements made in this report speak only as of the date hereof and we disclaim any obligation, except as required by law, to provide updates, revisions oramendments to any forwardlooking statements to reflect changes in our expectations or future events.On February 3, 2017, approved by the shareholders, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen (1for15) reverse stock split of the Company’s issued andoutstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided that shareholders are entitled to receive the number ofshares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Stock Market on a splitadjusted basis when themarket opened on February 9, 2017. All references in this report to share and per share data have been adjusted, including historical data which have beenretroactively adjusted, to give effect to the reverse stock split unless specified otherwise.1Table of ContentsPART IITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERSA.Directors and Senior ManagementNot applicable.B.AdvisorsNot applicable.C.AuditorsNot applicable.ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLEA.Offer StatisticsNot applicable.B.Method and Expected TimetableNot applicable.ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATIONA.Selected Financial DataThe following table presents selected financial data regarding our business. It should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and relatednotes contained elsewhere in this annual report and the information under Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” The selected consolidatedstatements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, and the selected consolidated statements of financialposition data as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are included in this annual reportbeginning on page F1. The selected consolidated statements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the selectedconsolidated statements of financial position data as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements thatare not included in this annual report.Our consolidated financial statements were prepared and presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by theInternational Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The selected financial data information is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the historicalconsolidated financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere herein. The financial statements contained elsewhere fully represent our financial conditionand operations; however, they are not indicative of our future performance.2Table of ContentsYears ended December 31,20182017201620152014Statement of Income DataTotal revenue$18,535,116$23,762,536$41,200,205$61,343,681$58,832,481Total cost of sales(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)(46,511,274)(39,416,973)Gross profit(2,316,136)(11,511,816)2,158,27214,832,40719,415,508Distribution and selling expenses(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)(6,621,256)(7,191,606)Administrative expenses(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)2,798,082(4,649,229)Profit for the year(17,968,597)(14,815,596)(11,902,688)1,243,6706,876,982Total comprehensive income for the year(20,040,295)(10,004,880)(18,028,121)(4,801,102)6,526,172Outstanding shares2,299,9151,860,8311,750,1421,694,4891,694,489Earnings per share, basic diluted8.067.966.800.734.06Balance Sheet DataCash and cash equivalents$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,341$21,214,080$20,604,583Noncurrent assets29,837,87540,966,31934,754,94247,221,52952,929,386Current assets31,328,13140,343,38656,343,82362,098,95162,093,570Working capital24,463,44633,060,87748,647,18553,598,85452,704,076Total assets61,166,00681,309,70591,098,765109,310,480115,022,956Current liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,500,0979,389,493Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,503,5069,404,880Equity54,301,32174,027,19683,402,127100,816,974105,618,076B.Capitalization and IndebtednessNot applicable.C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of ProceedsNot applicable.D.Risk FactorsAn investment in our capital stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the otherinformation included in this annual report, before making an investment decision. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial conditionor results of operations could suffer. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.3Table of ContentsRISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSGeneral economic conditions, including a prolonged weakness in the economy, may affect consumer discretionary spending, which could adversely affect ourbusiness and financial performance.The apparel industry has historically been subject to substantial cyclical variations. Our business and financial performance are dependent on a number of factorsimpacting consumer discretionary spending, including general economic and business conditions; consumer confidence; wages and employment levels; thehousing market; consumer debt levels; availability of consumer credit; credit and interest rates; fuel and energy costs; energy shortages; taxes; general politicalconditions, both domestic and abroad. Consumer product purchases, including purchases of our products, may decline during recessionary periods. Our ability toaccess the capital markets may be restricted at a time when we would like, or need, to raise capital, which could impair on our ability to open additional stores orbuild additional manufacturing lines. In addition, as domestic and international economic conditions change, trends in consumer spending on discretionary items,including our merchandise, become unpredictable and subject to reductions due to economic uncertainties. A prolonged economic recovery or an uncertain outlookin the economy could result in additional declines in consumer discretionary spending, which could materially affect our financial performance.A contraction in apparel sales and production could impair our results of operations and liquidity and jeopardize our supply base.Apparel sales and production are cyclical and depend, among other things, on general economic conditions and consumer spending and preferences. As thevolume of apparel production fluctuates, the demand for our products also fluctuates. A contraction in apparel sales could harm our results of operations andliquidity. In addition, our suppliers would also be subject to many of the same consequences which could pressure their results of operations and liquidity.Depending on an individual supplier’s financial condition and access to capital, its viability could be challenged which could impact its ability to perform as weexpect and consequently our ability to meet our own commitments.If we are unable to anticipate consumer preferences and develop new menswear products, we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues andprofits.Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define apparel trends as well as to anticipate, gauge and react to changing consumer demands formenswear in a timely manner. Our target market of consumers comprises urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 with moderatetohigh levels of disposableincome. Our business is particularly sensitive to their fashion preferences, which cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumeracceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, and our future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes. If we failto anticipate accurately and respond to trends and shifts in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing product offerings, developing new products,designs, styles and categories, we could experience lower sales, excess inventories and lower profit margins. In a distressed economic and retail environment, manyof our competitors may engage in aggressive activities, such as markdowns or other promotional sales to dispose of excess, slowmoving inventory, furtherincreasing the need to react appropriately to changing consumer preferences and fashion trends. Failure to do so could adversely affect the level of acceptance ofour products, our brand image and our relationship with our distributors, and therefore have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results ofoperations.The apparel industry is highly competitive, and if we fail to compete effectively, we could lose our market position.The menswear industry is highly competitive in China and worldwide. We compete with various domestic brands with similar business models and target markets.We also compete with a growing number of international brands trying to expand their market share in China to take advantage of rising consumer spending oncasual menswear. Our primary international and domestic competitors include Exceed, Xiniya, Cabbeen, GXG and NQ. Some of our competitors are significantlylarger and have greater financial resources than we do. In order to compete effectively, we must: (1) maintain the image of our brands and our reputation forinnovation and high quality; (2) be flexible and innovative in responding to rapidly changing market demands on the basis of brand image, style, performance andquality; and (3) offer consumers a wide variety of high quality products at competitive prices.4Table of ContentsThe purchasing decisions of consumers are highly subjective and can be influenced by many factors, such as brand image, marketing programs and productfeatures. Some of our competitors enjoy competitive advantages, including greater brand recognition and greater financial resources for competitive activities, suchas sales, marketing and strategic acquisitions. The number of our direct competitors and the intensity of competition may increase as we expand into other productlines or as other companies expand into our product lines. Our competitors may enter into business combinations or alliances that strengthen their competitivepositions or prevent us from taking advantage of such combinations or alliances. Our competitors also may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than wecan to new or changing opportunities, standards or consumer preferences. Our results of operations and market position may be adversely impacted by ourcompetitors and the competitive pressures in the menswear industries.Failure to effectively promote or develop our brand could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.We sell all our products under the KBS brand, from which we derive most of our revenues. Brand image is an important factor that affects a customer’s purchasingdecision for menswear products. Our success therefore depends on, among other things, market recognition and acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture,lifestyle, and images associated with the brand, some of which may not be within our control. We have limited control over our distributors that we rely upon to sellour products, which may limit our ability to ensure a consistent brand image. See “Risks Factors Related to Our Business –We have limited control over the ultimateretail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhere to, or fail to cause the third party retail outletoperators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.” We began designing, promoting, and selling KBS branded products in China in 2006. To effectivelypromote KBS brand, we need build and maintain the brand image by focusing on a variety of promotional and marketing activities to promote brand awareness, aswell as to increase its presence in the markets in which we compete. There is no assurance that we will be able to effectively promote or develop KBS brand, and ifwe fail to do so, the goodwill of KBS brand may be undermined and our business as well as our financial results may be adversely affected. In addition, negativepublicity or disputes regarding KBS brand, products, company, or management could materially and adversely affect public perception of KBS brand. Any impact onour ability to continue to sell KBS brand or any significant damage to KBS brand’s image could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends on the continued service of our senior executives and other key employees. In particular, we rely on the expertise, experience,and business contacts, of Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ms. Lixia Tu, our Director and Chief Financial Officer and Mr. ThemisKalapotharakos, our director. If one or more of our senior executives are unable or unwilling to continue to work for us in their present positions, we may have tospend a considerable amount of time and resources searching, recruiting, and integrating the replacements into our operations, which would substantially divertmanagement’s attention from and severely disrupt the Company business. This may also adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategy. Moreover, ifany of our senior executives joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, suppliers and key employees.Failure to execute our business expansion plan could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.A large part of our initial growth resulted from an increase in the number of our retail sales outlets, including corporate and franchised stores, and the increased salesvolume and profitability provided by these sales outlets. The number of our sales outlets increased from 8 in 2006 to 33 in year 2018.5Table of ContentsWe have our factory located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China, consisting of an aggregate of 110,457 square meters of land. Currently the facility there has aproduction capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year and can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces original equipmentmanufacturer (OEM) products for online stores, regional apparel brands and overseas orders. The construction commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases:Phase 1 consists of the construction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We havecompleted the construction of facilities of Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Phase 3 construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has beendelayed because the local government needs additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Because the time forthe government to resolve this matter is uncertain, we wrote off the land use right of the third parcel of land from account balance, according to the internationalframework reporting standard. Phase 4 includes building production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quartersand living facilities on the third parcel of land. As a result, our commitments to this facility may reduce our liquidity for an indefinite period and until it is completed.We could also indefinitely lose opportunities to expand our sales due to any further delay of our construction.The decision to increase our production capacity was based in part on our projections of market demand for our products and OEM orders from other brand nameowners. If actual customer demand does not meet our projections, we will likely suffer overcapacity problems and may have to leave capacity idle or need to contractout our facilities at an unfavorable price, which may reduce our overall profitability and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our futuresuccess depends on our ability to expand the Company’s business to address growth in demand for our current and future products.Our ability to expand the Company’s business is subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including:●the unavailability of additional funding to invest more in brand recognition such as advertisement, expand our production capacity, purchase additionalfixed assets and purchase raw materials on favorable terms or at all;●our inability to manage an online shop, hire qualified personnel and establish distribution methods;●conditions in the commercial real estate market existing at the time we seek to expand;●delays and cost overruns as a result of a number of factors, many of which may be beyond our control, such as problems with equipment vendors andcontract manufacturers;●failure to maintain high quality control standards;●shortage of raw materials;●our inability to obtain, or delays in obtaining, required approvals by relevant government authorities;●diversion of significant management attention and other resources; and●failure to execute our expansion plan effectively.The expansion of our business may place significant strain on our personnel, management, financial systems and operational infrastructure and may impede ourability to meet any increased demand for our products. To accommodate the Company’s growth, we will need to implement a variety of new and upgradedoperational and financial systems, procedures, and controls, including improvements to our accounting and other internal management systems, by dedicatingadditional resources to our reporting and accounting function and improvements to our record keeping and contract tracking system. We will also need to recruitmore personnel and train and manage our growing employee base. Furthermore, we will need to maintain and expand relationships with our current and futurecustomers, suppliers, distributors and other third parties, and there is no guarantee that we will succeed.In the future, we also intend to invest more resources to research and purchase online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that we will have betteropportunities to expand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores. In addition, we will keep on exploring other areas and business models, such as theuse of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends.If we encounter any of the risks described above or if we are otherwise unable to establish or successfully operate online shops or additional production capacity,we may be unable to grow our business and revenues, reduce our operating costs, maintain our competitiveness or improve our profitability and, consequently, ourbusiness, financial condition, results of operations and prospects will be adversely affected.6Table of ContentsIf we are unable to fund capital expenditures or obtain additional sources of liquidity when we need it, our business may be adversely affected. In addition, ifwe obtain equity financing, the issuance of our equity securities could cause dilution for our stockholders. To the extent we obtain the financing through theissuance of debt securities, our debt service obligations could increase, and we may become subject to restrictive operating and financial covenants.We anticipate that we will make substantial capital investments to expand our business within the next 3 years. There is no assurance that we will have sufficientcash to fund our anticipated capital expenditures. If we need but are unable to obtain adequate financing with on terms favorable to us, we may be unable tosuccessfully maintain our operations and accomplish our growth strategy. In addition, we may be unable to generate sufficient cash internally or obtain alternativesources of capital to fund our proposed capital expenditures, take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures. As a result, we mayseek to sell additional equity securities, debt securities, or borrow from lending institutions. Any issuance of equity securities could cause dilution for ourstockholders. Any incurrence of indebtedness could increase our debt service obligations and cause us to be subject to restrictive operating and financecovenants. Our ability to obtain external financing in the future is also subject to a number of uncertainties, including:●Our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;●general market conditions for financing activities by companies in our industry;●economic, political and other conditions in China and elsewhere; and●uncertain economic prospect and tightened credit markets resulting from the recent global economic slowdown and financial market crisis.If we are unable to obtain funding in a timely manner or on commercially acceptable terms, or at all, our growth prospects and future profitability may be materiallyadversely affected. Adverse changes in the capital markets could make it difficult to obtain capital or obtain it at attractive rates.Our past results may not be indicative of our future performance and evaluating our business and prospects may be difficult.Our business has gone through various stages of the business life cycle in recent years as demonstrated by our growth in net sales, which reached $99.6 million forthe year ended December 31, 2013, while in 2014 our net sales decreased by 40% to $58.8 million and in year 2015 net sales went up slightly by 4.3% to $61.3 million,our net sales decreased by 32.8% to $41.2 million in 2016, net sales decreased 42% to $23.8 million in 2017 and net sales further decreased 22% to $18.53 million in2018. The decrease in sales in 2016, 2017 and 2018 as compared with 2013 was mainly due to the slowdown of the Chinese economic growth and a challenging retailenvironment. As a result, we cannot assure that we will be able to achieve similar growth in future periods as recent years before 2014, and our historical operatingresults may not provide a meaningful basis for evaluating our business, financial performance and prospects. Moreover, our ability to achieve satisfactoryproduction results at higher volumes is unproven. Therefore, you should not rely on our past results or our historical rate of growth as an indication of our futureperformance.We experience fluctuations in operating results.Our annual and quarterly operating results have fluctuated, and are expected to continue to fluctuate. Among the factors that may cause our operating results tofluctuate are customers’ response to merchandise offerings, the timing of the rollout of new sales outlets, seasonal variations in sales, the timing of merchandisereceipts, the level of merchandise returns, changes in merchandise mix and presentation, our cost of merchandise, unanticipated operating costs, and other factorsbeyond our control, such as general economic conditions and actions of competitors.We have historically experienced seasonal fluctuations in our sales. A substantial portion of our revenues are typically earned during the second and fourthquarters and we generally experience lowest revenues during the first and third quarters. If sales during the second and fourth quarters are lower than expected, ouroperating results would be adversely affected, and it would have a disproportionately large impact on our annual operating results. The sales of our products arealso affected by local spending behavior, which are typically affected by seasonal shopping patterns during major Chinese holidays.7Table of ContentsAs a result of these factors, we believe that periodtoperiod comparisons of historical and future results will not necessarily be meaningful and should not be reliedon as an indication of future performance.Our failure to collect the trade receivables or untimely collection could affect our liquidity.Our distributors place advance purchase orders twice a year. From 2015 to 2018, we typically expect and receive payment within 30180 days of product delivery. Inaddition, approximately 83.2% of accounts receivables are within a 180 days credit term. Starting in September 2015, we extended credit to some of our customers to150180 days without requiring collaterals. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of the financial condition of our customers and we generally require no collateralfrom our distributors and authorized retailers to secure their payment obligations. However, our sales going forward may rely more heavily on credit, and if weencounter future problems collecting amounts due from our clients or if we experience delays in the collection of amounts due from our clients, our liquidity could benegatively affected.The Chinese economy experienced a softening of economic growth, and the apparel industry is also facing a downturn. The impact of the current and possiblefuture economic downturn on our distributors cannot be predicted and may be severe, causing a significant impact on their business. As a result, our financialcondition and result of operations could be negatively affected. In addition, if they cannot continue their orders of our products due to the failure of paying us forits previous purchases, our brand image and reputation may be materially negatively affected as well.We rely on distributors for a substantial portion of our sales and the loss of any of our large distributors would harm our business. A substantial portion of our sales are made to distributors that resell our products. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, distributors accounted forapproximately 67% and 73% of our total sales, respectively, and our top five distributors accounted for approximately 23.8% and 34.8% of our total sales,respectively. The marketing efforts of our distributors are critical for our success. If we fail to attract additional distributors, and our existing distributors do notpromote our products at the same or at a greater level than the products of our competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could beadversely affected.Furthermore, there is no assurance that any of our distributors will satisfy the sales targets set forth in their distribution agreements and we or they may not wish torenew the distribution agreements in future years. Moreover, our distributors are not obliged to continue to place orders with the Company at the same level asbefore or at all and there is no assurance that we would be able to obtain orders from other distributors to replace any such lost sales on terms satisfactory to us orall. If any of our largest distributors substantially reduces its purchases from us, or otherwise fails to renew its distribution agreement with us, we may suffer asignificant loss of sales and our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We have limited control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhereto, or fail to cause the third party retail outlet operators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.We rely on the contractual obligations set forth in the distribution agreements that we enter into with our distributors, as well as policies and standards we formulatefrom time to time, to impose our retail policies on these distributors in respect of the franchisee retail outlets. In addition, as we do not enter into any agreementswith the third party retail outlet operators, we rely on our distributors to ensure that these franchisee retail outlets operate in accordance with our retail policies. Assuch, our control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and the franchisee retail outlet operators is limited. There is no assurance that our distributors orthe third party franchisee retail outlet operators will comply with, or that the distributors will enforce, our retail policies. As a result, we may not be able to effectivelymanage our sales network or maintain a uniform brand image, and cannot assure you that franchisee retail outlets would continue to offer quality services toconsumers.8Table of ContentsIn addition, if any of the distributors or third party franchisee retail outlet operators experiences difficulties in selling our products in the retail market, they mayattempt to disregard our pricing policies and liquidate their excessive inventory buildup through aggressive discounts, which may damage the image and the valueof our brand. There is no assurance that we will be able to, in a timely manner, impose penalties on or replace any distributors who consistently fail to comply with,or fail to cause the third party franchisee retail outlet operators appointed by them to comply with, our retail policies in their operation of franchisee retail outlets. Insuch event, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We may not be able to accurately track the inventory levels at our distributors, retailers or department store concessions.Our ability to track the sales by our distributors to thirdparty retailers and the ultimate retail sales by the retailers, and consequently their respective inventorylevels, is limited. We implement a policy to require our distributors to provide us with their sales reports on a weekly basis and we carry out random onsiteinspections of our distributors to track their inventories. The purpose of tracking the inventory level is mainly to gather information regarding the market acceptanceof our products so that we can reflect consumers’ preferences in the design and development of our products for the next season. The tracking of inventory levelalso helps us to understand the market recognition of our products in a particular region, and thus allows us to adjust our marketing strategy if necessary. Theimplementation of the policy, however, requires the distributors to accurately report the relevant data to us in a timely manner, which is largely dependent on thecooperation of the Company’s distributors. We may not always obtain the required data in time and the data provided to us by our distributors may be inaccurate orincomplete.Inaccurate, mistaken, incomplete or delayed data regarding inventory levels may mislead the Company to make wrong business judgments for its production,marketing efforts and sales strategies. If that happens, our operations and financial results may be materially adversely affected. In addition, if we cannot manageinventory levels properly, future orders of our products may be reduced, which would materially adversely affect our future business, financial condition, results ofoperation and prospects.Our operations could be materially adversely affected if we fail to effectively manage our relationships with, or lose the services of, our OEM contractmanufacturers.The production of our brand name products are 100% outsourced to PRCbased thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2018 and2017 we had 5 and 6 contract manufacturers, respectively. Purchases from our top five OEM contract manufacturers accounted for approximately 92% and 88.6% ofour total purchases for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As we do not enter into longterm contracts with our OEM contractmanufacturers, they may decide not to accept our future OEM orders on the same or similar terms, or at all. If an OEM contract manufacturer decides to substantiallyreduce its volume of supply to us or to terminate its business relationship with us, we may not be able to find a proper replacement in a timely manner and may beforced to default on the agreements with our distributors that sell our products. This may negatively impact our revenues and adversely affect our reputation andrelationships with our distributors that sell our products, causing a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.Further, if any of our OEM contract manufacturers fails to provide the required number of products meeting our quality standards, we may have to delay delivery ofproducts to our distributors, become unable to supply products at all, or even recall products previously dispatched. This could cause the Company to loserevenues or market share and damage our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operationsand prospects. In addition, some OEM contract manufacturers may not fully comply with certain laws, such as labor and environmental laws. If any of our OEMcontract manufacturers is found to have violated laws and regulations in the PRC, media reports on such violations may negatively affect our reputation and image,resulting in material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.9Table of ContentsWhile we provide the designs of our products to the OEM contract manufacturers, as well as guidance for manufacturing the products ordered by us, we do nothave direct control over the OEM contract manufacturers. If any of them is involved in unauthorized production and sale of goods using the KBS brand, ourreputation, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.As the Company grows, our reliance on OEM contract manufacturers may also grow as our added production capacity may not be sufficient to keep pace with theincreased production requirements driven by our growth. We may not be able to find sufficient additional OEM contract manufacturers to produce our products onthe same or similar terms as our existing OEM contract manufacturers, and we may not be able to achieve our growth and development goals.Any interruption in our operations could impair our financial performance and negatively affect our brand. Our operations are complicated and integrated, involving the coordination of thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers and external distribution processes. Whilethese operations are modified on a regular basis in an effort to improve outsourcing and distribution efficiency and flexibility, we may experience difficulties incoordinating the various aspects of our operations processes, thereby causing downtime and delays. In addition, we may encounter interruption in our operationsprocesses due to a catastrophic loss or events beyond our control, such as fires, explosions, labor disturbances or violent weather conditions. Any interruptions inour operations or capabilities at our facilities could result in our inability to procure our products, which would reduce our net sales and earnings for the affectedperiod. If there are delays in delivery times to our customers, our business and reputation could be severely affected. Any significant delays in deliveries to ourcustomers could lead to increased returns or cancellations and cause the Company to lose future sales. The Company currently does not have business interruptioninsurance to offset these potential losses, delays and risks so a material interruption of our business operations could severely damage our business.We rely heavily on our management information system for inventory management, distribution and other functions. If our system fail to perform thesefunctions adequately or if we experience an interruption in our operation, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. The efficient operation of our business is dependent on our management information systems. We rely heavily on our management information systems to manageour order entry, order fulfillment, pricing, pointofsale and inventory replenishment processes. We cannot assure you that our management information system will operate properly or without interruption. Any malfunction to any part or all of our managementinformation system for a prolonged period may cause delays in operations or impairment of our overall business efficiency. We also cannot ensure that the level ofsecurity currently maintained will be sufficient to protect the system from third party intrusions, viruses, lost or stolen data, or similar situations. Additionally, aspart of our growth and development strategy over the next few years, we plan to upgrade and improve our management information system. We cannot assure youthat there will be no interruptions to our management information system during the upgrades or that the new management information system will be able tointegrate fully with the existing information system. The failure of our management information system to perform as we anticipate could disrupt our business and could result in decreased revenue, increased overheadcosts and excess or outofstock inventory levels, causing our business and results of operations to suffer materially. Failure to protect the integrity, security and use of our customers’ information and media could expose us to litigation and materially damage our standingwith our customers. Increasing costs associated with information security — such as increased investment in technology, the costs of compliance with consumer protection laws andcosts resulting from consumer fraud — could cause our business and results of operations to suffer materially. While we have taken significant steps to protectcustomer and confidential information, including entering into confidentiality agreements with relevant employees and incorporate confidentiality clauses in ourpolicies, there can be no assurance that advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments will prevent thecompromise of our customer transaction processing capabilities and personal data. If any such compromise of our security were to occur, it could have a materialadverse effect on our reputation, operating results and financial condition. Any such compromise may materially increase the costs we incur to protect against suchinformation security breaches and could subject us to additional legal risk. Procurement specialists and managers are required to sign a confidentiality agreement. 10Table of ContentsWe have limited insurance coverage in China and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses. Operation of our facilities involves many risks, including equipment failures, natural disasters, industrial accidents, power outages, labor disturbances and otherbusiness interruptions. We do not carry any business interruption insurance, product recall or thirdparty liability insurance for our production facilities or withrespect to our products to cover claims pertaining to personal injury or property or environmental damage arising from defects in our products, product recalls,accidents on our property or damage relating to our operations. While business interruption insurance and other types of insurance are available to a limited extentin China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of such insurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commerciallyreasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Therefore, our existing insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all risks associatedwith our business. As a result, we may be required to pay for financial and other losses, damages and liabilities, including those caused by natural disasters andother events beyond our control, out of our own funds, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our inability to protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights may prevent us from successfully marketing our products and competingeffectively. We believe our trademarks and other intellectual property rights are important to our success and competitive position and recognize the importance of registeringthe trademarks related to our KBS brand for protection against infringement. We currently hold two registered trademarks. Failure to protect our intellectual propertycould harm our brand and our reputation, and adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. Further, enforcing or defending our intellectual property rights,including our trademarks, patents, copyrights and trade secrets, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. We produce, marketand sell our products under registered trademarks. We regard our intellectual property, particularly our trademarks and trade secrets to be of considerable value andimportance to our business and our success. We rely on a combination of trademark, patent, and trade secrecy laws, and contractual provisions to protect ourintellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect these proprietary rights will be adequate or that third parties will notinfringe or misappropriate our trademarks, trade secrets or similar proprietary rights. In addition, there can be no assurance that other parties will not assertinfringement claims against us, and we may have to pursue litigation against other parties to assert our rights. Any such claim or litigation could be costly, and wemay lack the resources required to defend against such claims. In addition, any event that would jeopardize our proprietary rights or any claims of infringement bythird parties could have a material adverse effect on our ability to market or sell our brands, and profitably exploit our products.Environmental regulations impose substantial costs and limitations on our operations. We use chemicals and produce significant emissions in our manufacturing operations. As such, we are subject to various national and local environmental laws andregulations in China concerning issues such as air emissions, wastewater discharges, and solid waste management and disposal. These laws and regulations canrestrict or limit our operations and expose us to liability and penalties for noncompliance. While we believe that our facilities are in material compliance with allapplicable environmental laws and regulations, the risks of substantial unanticipated costs and liabilities related to compliance with these laws and regulations arean inherent part of our business. It is possible that future conditions may develop, arise or be discovered that create new environmental compliance or remediationliabilities and costs. While we believe that we can comply with existing environmental legislation and regulatory requirements and that the costs of compliance havebeen included within budgeted cost estimates, compliance may prove to be more limiting and costly than anticipated.We may be unable to establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, and, as a result, we may be unable to accuratelyreport our financial results or prevent fraud.We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities law. The SEC as required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (“SOX 404”), adoptedrules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal control over financial reporting in its annual report, which mustalso contain management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, the independent registered publicaccounting firm auditing the financial statements of a company that is not a nonaccelerated filer under Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act must also attest to theoperating effectiveness of the company’s internal controls.11Table of ContentsFailure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could result in our inability to accurately report our financial results, prevent or detect fraudor provide timely and reliable financial and other information pursuant to the reporting obligations we have as a public company, which could have a materialadverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, it could cause our investors to lose confidence in the information we report,which could adversely affect our stock price.RISKS RELATED TO DOING BUSINESS IN CHINAOur business operation may be affected if we are forced to relocate our manufacturing facilities and stores.We leased the premises for our office located in Shishi and one corporate store. However, none of our lease agreements have been registered with the relevantgovernmental agencies. According to our PRC legal counsel, without registration, our rights to use and occupy the premises may not be secured if any third partiessuch as other tenants who have registered their lease agreements challenge us under PRC law. Moreover, while we have taken various measures to verify theownership of property such as checking utility bills and search government records, most of our landlords have declined to confirm whether they possess theproperty ownership certificates and land use rights certificates for our properties. As a result, we have been unable to verify whether third parties may assert theirownership rights under PRC law against most of our landlords or challenge most of our leases in the future. If our rights to use the premises are challenged, we maybe forced to relocate to other premises. We may not be able to relocate to a suitable premise promptly or lease alternative premises on terms at least as favorable asour existing ones. In addition, relocation costs and interruption of production may have a material adverse effect on our business operation and financialperformance.Changes in the economic and political policies of the PRC government could have a material and adverse effect on our business and operations.We conduct substantially all our business operations in China. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are significantly dependenton economic and political developments in China. China’s economy differs from the economies of developed countries in many aspects, including the level ofdevelopment, growth rate and degree of government control over foreign exchange and allocation of resources. While China’s economy has experienced significantgrowth in the past 30 years, the growth has been uneven across different regions and periods and among various economic sectors in China. We cannot assure youthat China’s economy will continue to grow, or that if there is growth, such growth will be steady and uniform, or that if there is a slowdown, such slowdown will nothave a negative effect on its business and results of operations.The PRC government exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, control over payment of foreign currencydenominated obligations, implementation of monetary policy, and preferential treatment of particular industries or companies. Certain measures adopted by the PRCgovernment may restrict loans to certain industries, such as changes in the statutory deposit reserve ratio and lending guidelines for commercial banks by thePeople’s Bank of China, or PBOC. These current and future government actions could materially affect our liquidity, access to capital, and ability to operate ourbusiness.The global financial markets experienced significant disruptions in 2008 and the United States, Europe and other economies went into recession. Since 2012, growthof the Chinese economy has slowed. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources.Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy but may also have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operation could bematerially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, any stimulusmeasures designed to boost the Chinese economy, may contribute to higher inflation, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.See “Risks Related to Doing Business in China Future inflation in China may inhibit our ability to conduct business in China.”12Table of ContentsUncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the legal protections available to you and us.We conduct substantially all of our business through our operating subsidiaries in the PRC. Our operating subsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulationsapplicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws applicable to foreigninvested enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes, andprior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, a series of new PRC laws and regulations have significantlyenhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, since the PRC legal system continues to evolve rapidly, theinterpretations of many laws, regulations, and rules are not always uniform, and enforcement of these laws, regulations, and rules involve uncertainties, which maylimit legal protections available to you and us. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources andmanagement attention. In addition, most of our executive officers and directors are residents of China and not of the United States, and substantially all the assets ofthese persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it could be difficult for investors to affect service of process in the United States or to enforce ajudgment obtained in the United States against our Chinese operations and subsidiaries.You may have difficulty enforcing judgments against us.Most of our assets are located outside of the United States and most of our current operations are conducted in the PRC. In addition, most of our directors andofficers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons is located outside the UnitedStates. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce inU.S. courts judgments on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, most of whom are not residents inthe United States and the substantial majority of whose assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts ofthe PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts. Our counsel as to PRC law has advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgmentsare provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. Courts in China may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRCCivil Procedures Law based on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have anytreaties or other arrangements that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments with the United States. In addition, according to thePRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violatesbasic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security, or the public interest. So, it is uncertain whether a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by acourt in the United States.The PRC government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities.The PRC government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and stateownership. Our ability to operate in China may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, import and export tariffs,environmental regulations, land use rights, property, and other matters. We believe that our operations in China are in material compliance with all applicable legaland regulatory requirements. However, the central or local governments of the jurisdictions in which we operate may impose new, stricter regulations orinterpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations orinterpretations.Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision not to continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more centrally plannedeconomy or regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant effect on economic conditions in China or particularregions thereof and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then hold in Chinese properties or joint venturesRestrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our sales effectively. The majority of our sales will be settled in RMB and U.S. dollars, and any future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit our ability to use revenue generated inRMB to fund any future business activities outside China or to make dividend or other payments in U.S. dollars. Although the Chinese government introducedregulations in 1996 to allow greater convertibility of the RMB for current account transactions, significant restrictions still remain, including primarily the restrictionthat foreigninvested enterprises may only buy, sell or remit foreign currencies after providing valid commercial documents, at those banks in China authorized toconduct foreign exchange business. In addition, conversion of RMB for capital account items, including direct investment and loans, is subject to governmentalapproval in China, and companies are required to open and maintain separate foreign exchange accounts for capital account items. We cannot be certain that theChinese regulatory authorities will not impose more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of the RMB in the future.13Table of ContentsFluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.The value of our securities will be indirectly affected by the foreign exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and RMB and between those currencies and othercurrencies in which our sales may be denominated. Appreciation or depreciation in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial resultsreported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations. Fluctuations in the exchange rate will alsoaffect the relative value of any dividend we issue that will be exchanged into U.S. dollars, as well as earnings from, and the value of, any U.S. dollardenominatedinvestments we make in the future.Since July 2005, the RMB has no longer been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Since then the RMB has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly andunpredictably, and in recent years the RMB has depreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progresstowards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate systemand there is no guarantee that the RMB will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how marketforces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future.Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedgingtransactions. While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited, and we may not beable to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition, our foreign currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrictour ability to convert RMB into foreign currencies. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends and other distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you, and otherwise fund and conduct our business. Substantially all of our sales are earned by our PRC subsidiaries. However, PRC regulations restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make dividends and otherpayments to their offshore parent companies. PRC legal restrictions permit payments of dividends by our PRC subsidiaries only out of their accumulated aftertaxprofits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are also required under PRC laws and regulations toallocate at least 10% of their annual aftertax profits determined in accordance with PRC GAAP to a statutory general reserve fund until the amounts in said fundreaches 50% of their registered capital. Allocations to these statutory reserve funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not transferable to us in the formof loans, advances, or cash dividends. Any limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to transfer funds to us could materially and adversely limit our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends and otherwise fund and conduct our business.PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary toliability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital ordistribute profits.SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing andRoundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as “SAFECircular 75” promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of the SAFE in connection with theirdirect establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets orequity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a “special purpose vehicle.” SAFE Circular 37 furtherrequires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capitalcontributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in aspecial purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profitdistributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent crossborder foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted inits ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described abovecould result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for theForeign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015 by SAFE, local banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration foroverseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under SAFE Circular 37 from June 1, 2015.14Table of ContentsAccording to SAFE Circular 37, our shareholders or beneficial owners, who are PRC residents, are subject to SAFE Circular 37 or other foreign exchangeadministrative regulations in respect of their investment in our company. We have notified substantial beneficial owners of ordinary shares who we know are PRCresidents of their filing obligations. Nevertheless, we may not be aware of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. We do not havecontrol over our beneficial owners and there can be no assurance that all of our PRCresident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE Circular 37 and subsequentimplementation rules, and there is no assurance that the registration under SAFE Circular 37 and any amendment will be completed in a timely manner, or will becompleted at all. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their foreign exchange registrations in a timely manner pursuant toSAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with theregistration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to fines andlegal sanctions. Such failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiary and limitour PRC subsidiary’s ability to distribute dividends to our company. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and resultsof operations.Furthermore, SAFE Circular 37 is unclear how this regulation, and any future regulation concerning offshore or crossborder transactions, will be interpreted,amended and implemented by the relevant PRC government authorities, and we cannot predict how these regulations will affect our business operations or futurestrategy. Failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRCsubsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to us. These risks could in the future have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results ofoperations.We may be unable to complete a business combination transaction efficiently or on favorable terms due to complicated merger and acquisition regulationswhich became effective on September 8, 2006.On August 9, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the China Securities Regulatory Commission, promulgated the Regulation on Mergers and Acquisitionsof Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006, and was subsequently amended in 2009. This regulation, among otherthings, governs the approval process of a PRC company’s participation in an acquisition of assets or equity interests. Depending on the structure of the transaction,the regulation requires the PRC parties to make a series of applications and supplemental applications to the government agencies for approval of acquisition ofassets or equity interests from other entity. In some instances, the application process may require a presentation of economic data concerning the transaction,including appraisals of the target business and evaluations of the acquirer, which are designed to allow the government to assess viability of the transaction.Government approvals will have expiration dates, by which a transaction must be completed and reported to the government agencies. Compliance with theregulation is likely to be more time consuming and expensive than it was in the past, and provides the government more controls over business combination of twoenterprises. As a result, our ability to engage in business combination transactions has become significantly more complicated, time consuming, and expensive. Wemay not be able to negotiate a transaction that is acceptable to our stockholders or sufficiently protect their interests in a transaction.The regulation allows PRC governmental agencies to assess the economic terms of a business combination transaction. Parties to a business combinationtransaction may have to submit to MOFCOM and other relevant government agencies an appraisal report, an evaluation report, and the acquisition agreement, all ofwhich were a part of the application for approval, depending on the structure of the transaction. The regulation also prohibits a transaction with an acquisition priceobviously lower than the appraised value of the PRC business or assets and in certain transaction structures, and requires consideration being paid within a definedperiod, generally not in excess of a year. The regulation also limits our ability to negotiate various terms of the acquisition, including the initial consideration,contingent consideration, holdback provisions, indemnification provisions, and provisions related to the assumption and allocation of assets and liabilities.Transaction structures involving trusts, nominees and similar entities are prohibited. Therefore, such regulation may impede our ability to negotiate and complete abusiness combination transaction on financial terms that satisfy our investors and protect our stockholders’ economic interests.15Table of ContentsPRC regulation of loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion mayrestrict or prevent us from using the proceeds of our future financings to make loans to our PRC subsidiaries, or to make additional capital contributions toour PRC subsidiary.We, as an offshore holding company, are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC subsidiary, which are treated as foreigninvestedenterprises under PRC laws, through loans or capital contributions. However, loans by us to any PRC subsidiary to finance its activities cannot exceed statutorylimits and must be registered with the local counterpart of SAFE and capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary are subject to the requirement of making necessaryfilings in the Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System, and registration with other governmental authorities in China.SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital ofForeigninvested Enterprises, or Circular 19, effective on June 1, 2015, in replacement of the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvementof the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign Invested Enterprises, or Circular 142, the Notice from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Exchange Businesses, or Circular 59, and theCircular on Further Clarification and Regulation of the Issues Concerning the Administration of Certain Capital Account Foreign Exchange Businesses, orCircular 45. According to Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of a foreigninvestedcompany is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans, the repayment of interenterprise loans or the repayment ofbank loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of aforeign invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within the PRC, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFEwill permit such capital to be used for equity investments in the PRC in actual practice. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, whichreiterates some of the rules set forth in Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registeredcapital of a foreigninvested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to grant loans to nonassociated enterprises.Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. Circular 19 and Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer anyforeign currency we hold, including the net proceeds from our future financings, to our PRC subsidiary, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability tofund and expand our business in the PRC.Due to the restrictions imposed on loans in foreign currencies extended to any PRC domestic companies, we are not likely to make such loans to any of our PRCsubsidiaries. Meanwhile, we are not likely to finance the activities of our subsidiaries by means of capital contributions given the restrictions on foreign investmentin the businesses that are currently conducted by our subsidiaries.In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannotassure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, withrespect to future loans to our PRC subsidiary or any consolidated variable interest entity or future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiary. As a result,uncertainties exist as to our ability to provide prompt financial support to our PRC subsidiaries when needed. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain suchapprovals, our ability to use foreign currency, including the proceeds we received from our future financings, and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operationsmay be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.16Table of ContentsAny failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal oradministrative sanctions.Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas nonpubliclylisted companies may submit applications to SAFE orits local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. In the meantime, our directors, executive officers andother employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year, subject to limitedexceptions, and who have been granted restricted shares, options or restricted share units, or RSUs, by us or our overseas listed subsidiaries may follow the Noticeon Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company,issued by SAFE in February 2012, to apply for the foreign exchange registration. According to those regulations, employees, directors and other managementmembers participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC citizens residing in China for acontinuous period of not less than one year, subject to limited exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which may be aPRC subsidiary of the overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines andlegal sanctions and may also limit their ability to make payment under the relevant equity incentive plans or receive dividends or sales proceeds related thereto inforeign currencies, or our ability to contribute additional capital into our domestic subsidiaries in China and limit our domestic subsidiaries’ ability to distributedividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties under PRC law that could restrict our ability or the ability of our overseas listed subsidiaries to adoptadditional equity incentive plans for our directors and employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period ofnot less than one year, subject to limited exceptions.In addition, the State Administration of Taxation has issued circulars concerning employee share options, restricted shares or RSUs. Under these circulars,employees working in the PRC who exercise share options, or whose restricted shares or RSUs vest, will be subject to PRC individual income tax. The PRCsubsidiaries of an overseas listed company have obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authoritiesand to withhold individual income taxes of those employees related to their share options, restricted shares or RSUs. If the employees fail to pay, or the PRCsubsidiaries fail to withhold, their income taxes according to relevant laws, rules and regulations, the PRC subsidiaries may face sanctions imposed by the taxauthorities.Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a “resident enterprise” of China. Such classification will likely result in unfavorable taxconsequences to us and our nonPRC shareholders.On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress of China passed a new Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law. On November 28, 2007, the State Council ofChina passed its implementing rules, which took effect on January 1, 2008. Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto managementbodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise,” meaning that it can be treated in a manner similar to a Chinese enterprise for enterprise income taxpurposes. The implementing rules of the EIT Law define de facto management as “substantial and overall management and control over the production andoperations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise.On April 22, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice Concerning Relevant Issues Regarding Cognizance of Chinese Investment ControlledEnterprises Incorporated Offshore as Resident Enterprises. According to the Criteria of de facto Management Bodies, or the Notice, further interprets the applicationof the EIT Law and its implementation nonChinese enterprise or group controlled offshore entities. Pursuant to the Notice, an enterprise incorporated in an offshorejurisdiction and controlled by a Chinese enterprise or group will be classified as a “nondomestically incorporated resident enterprise” if (i) its senior management incharge of daily operations reside or perform their duties mainly in China; (ii) its financial or personnel decisions are made or approved by bodies or persons in China;(iii) its substantial assets and properties, accounting books, corporate chops, board and shareholder minutes are kept in China; and (iv) at least half of its directorswith voting rights or senior management often resident in China. A resident enterprise would be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on its worldwideincome and must pay a withholding tax at a rate of 10%, when paying dividends to its nonPRC shareholders. However, it remains unclear as to whether the Notice isapplicable to an offshore enterprise incorporated by a Chinese natural person, nor detailed measures on imposition of tax from nondomestically incorporatedresident enterprises are available. Therefore, it is unclear how tax authorities will determine tax residency based on the facts of each case.17Table of ContentsWe may be deemed to be a resident enterprise by Chinese tax authorities. If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for the PRCenterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on financingproceeds and nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although, under the EIT Law and its implementingrules, dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued a guidance with respect to the processingof outbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for the PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidanceissued with respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation, which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to ournonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC stockholders from transferring our shares.Our failure to fully comply with PRC laws relating to social insurance and housing accumulation fund may expose it to potential administrative penalties. The PRC laws and regulations require all employers in China to fully contribute their own portion to the social insurance and housing accumulation funds for theiremployees within a certain period of time. Failure to do so may expose the employers to make rectification for the unpaid contributions by the relevant laborauthority. As of the date of this report, Hongri PRC has not paid housing accumulation funds for its employees. In addition, Hongri PRC failed to make contributions to thesocial insurance in full amount for its employees before 2014. PRC governmental authorities may impose penalties on Hongri PRC for failure to comply. In addition, inthe event that any current or former employee files a complaint with the PRC government, Hongri PRC may be subject to making up the contributions to the socialinsurance and housing accumulation funds as well as paying administrative fines. The total cost of these contributions and any related fines or penalties could besignificant and could have a material adverse effect on our working capital. We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Chinese anticorruption laws, and any determination that we violated these lawscould have a material adverse effect on our business. We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act, or FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and theirofficials and political parties by U.S. persons and issuers as defined by the statute, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have operations,agreements with third parties, and make most of our sales in China. The PRC also strictly prohibits bribery of government officials. Our activities in China create therisk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company, even though they may not alwaysbe subject to our control. It is our policy to implement safeguards to discourage these practices by our employees. However, our existing safeguards and any futureimprovements may prove to be less than effective, and the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company may engage in conduct for whichwe might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA or Chinese anticorruption laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to otherliabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the U.S. government may seek to hold our Companyliable for successor liability FCPA violations committed by companies in which we invest or that we acquire. If we become directly subject to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.listed Chinese companies, we may have to expendsignificant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations, stock price and reputation, and could result in a loss ofyour investment in our stock, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favorably. In the past few years, U.S. publicly traded companies that have substantially all of their operations in China, particularly companies like us have been the subject ofintense scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators, and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism,and negative publicity has centered around financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, lacking effective internal controls over financial accounting,inadequate corporate governance policies or lacking of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, criticism, and negativepublicity, the publicly traded stocks of many U.S. listed Chinese companies have sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, have become virtually worthless.Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions, and are conducting internal and external investigations into theallegations. It is not clear the effect of this sectorwide scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity will have on our Company, our business, and our stock price. If webecome the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources toinvestigate such allegations defending our Company. This situation will be costly, time consuming, and distract our management from growing our company.18Table of ContentsThe disclosures in our reports and other filings with the SEC and our other public pronouncements will not be subject to the scrutiny of any regulatory bodiesin the PRC. Accordingly, our public disclosure should be reviewed in light of the fact that no governmental agency that is located in China where all of ouroperations and business are located have conducted any due diligence on our operations or reviewed or cleared any of our disclosure. Unlike public reporting companies whose operations are located primarily in the United States, however, all of our operations will be located in China. Since all of ouroperations and business takes place in China, it may be more difficult for the Staff of the SEC to overcome the geographic and cultural obstacles that are presentwhen reviewing our disclosure. These same obstacles are not present for similar companies whose operations or business take place entirely or primarily in theUnited States. Furthermore, our SEC reports and other disclosure and public pronouncements are not subject to the review or scrutiny of any PRC regulatoryauthority. For example, the disclosure in our SEC reports and other filings are not subject to the review of the CSRC, a PRC regulator that is tasked with oversight ofthe capital markets in China. Accordingly, you should review our SEC reports, filings and our other public pronouncements with the understanding that no localregulator has done any due diligence on our company and with the understanding that none of our SEC reports, other filings or any of our other publicpronouncements has been reviewed or otherwise been scrutinized by any local regulator. Proceedings instituted by the SEC against five PRCbased accounting firms could result in financial statements being determined to be not in compliance withthe requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.In December 2012, the SEC instituted proceedings under Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) of the SEC’s Rules of Practice against five PRCbased accounting firms alleging that thesefirms had violated U.S. securities laws and the SEC’s rules and regulations thereunder by failing to provide to the SEC the firms’ work papers related to their audits ofcertain PRCbased companies that are publicly traded in the United States. Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) grants to the SEC the authority to deny to any person, temporarily orpermanently, the ability to practice before the SEC who is found by the SEC, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, to have willfully violated, or willfully aidedand abetted the violation of, any such laws or rules and regulations. On January 22, 2014, an initial administrative law decision was issued, sanctioning four of theseaccounting firms and suspending them from practicing before the SEC for a period of six months. The sanction will not take effect until there is an order ofeffectiveness issued by the SEC. In February 2014, four of these PRCbased accounting firms filed a petition for review of the initial decision. In February 2015, eachof these four accounting firms agreed to a censure and to pay fine to the SEC to settle the dispute with the SEC. The settlement stays the current proceeding for fouryears, during which time the firms are required to follow detailed procedures to seek to provide the SEC with access to Chinese firms’ audit documents via the CSRC.If a firm does not follow the procedures, the SEC would impose penalties such as suspensions, or commence a new, expedited administrative proceeding against thenoncompliant firm or it could restart the administrative proceeding against all four firms.If our independent registered public accounting firm were denied, temporarily or permanently, the ability to practice before the SEC, and we are unable to find in atimely manner another registered public accounting firm which can audit and issue a report on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determinedto not be in compliance with the requirements for financial statements of public companies with a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the SEC’s revocation of the registration of our common stock under theExchange Act, which would cause the immediate delisting of our common stock from the NASDAQ Capital Market, and the effective termination of the tradingmarket for our common stock in the United States, which would likely have a significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.19Table of ContentsOur holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should we decide inthe future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depend upon the receipts of dividends or other payments fromour operating subsidiaries, other holdings, and investments. In addition, our operating subsidiaries, from time to time, may be subject to restrictions on their abilityto make distributions to us, including as a result of restrictive covenants in loan agreements, restrictions on the conversion of local currency into U.S. dollars orother hard currency, and other regulatory restrictions as discussed below. If future dividends are paid in RMB, fluctuations in the exchange rate for conversion ofRMB into U.S. dollars may reduce the amount received by the U.S. stockholders upon conversion of dividend payments into U.S. dollars.Chinese regulations currently permit the payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards andregulations. Our subsidiaries in China are also required to set aside a portion of their aftertax profits to fund certain reserve funds according to the Chineseaccounting standards and regulations. Currently, our subsidiaries in China are the only sources of revenues or investment holdings for the payment of dividends. Ifthey do not accumulate sufficient profits under Chinese accounting standards and regulations to satisfy certain reserve funds as required by the Chineseaccounting standards, we will be unable to pay any dividends.Aftertax profits/losses with respect to the payment of dividends from accumulated profits and the annual appropriation of aftertax profits as calculated pursuant tothe Chinese accounting standards and regulations do not result in significant differences as compared to aftertax earnings as presented in our financial statements.However, there are certain differences between PRC accounting standards and regulations and U.S. GAAP, arising from different treatment of items such asamortization of intangible assets and change in fair value of contingent consideration rising from business combinations.RISKS RELATED TO THIS OFFERING AND THE MARKET FOR OUR SECURITIES GENERALLYIf we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of NASDAQ, we would face possible delisting, which would result in a limited public market for ourshares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Our common stock is traded and listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “KBSF.” The common stock may be delisted if we fail to maintain certainNasdaq listing requirements. For instance, companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bidprice per share of $1.00 for 30 consecutive business days. On March 3, 2016, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the 30 consecutive businessdays between January 20, 2016 and March 2, 2016, the bid price of our common stock closed below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQListing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued inclusion on The NASDAQ Capital Market. In accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we had an initial graceperiod of 180 calendar days, or until August 30, 2016, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. After the Company effectuated a oneforfifteenreverse stock split of the outstanding common stock, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq on February 27, 2017 stating that because the Company maintainedthe closing bid price of its common stock at $1.00 per share or greater from February 9 to February 24, 2017, they determined that the Company has regainedcompliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement.We cannot ensure you that we will continue to comply with the requirements for continued listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If our commonstock is no longer listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market, our shares would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our shares could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, andsecurity analysts’ coverage of us may be reduced. In addition, in the event our shares are delisted, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed uponthem, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions in our shares, further limiting the liquidity of our shares. These factors could result in lowerprices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our shares. Such delisting from The NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our shareprice could also greatly impair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing, and could significantly increase the ownershipdilution to shareholders caused by our issuing equity in financing or other transactions.20Table of ContentsIf we were delisted from NASDAQ, we may become subject to the trading complications experienced by “Penny Stocks” in the overthecounter market.Delisting from NASDAQ may cause our shares of common stock to become the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. The SEC generally defines a penny stock as an equitysecurity that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. One such exemption is tobe listed on NASDAQ. The market price of our common stock is currently higher than $1.00 per share. However, because the daily trading volume in our commonstock is very low, significant price movement can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Therefore, were we to be delisted from NASDAQ,our common stock may become subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. These rules require, among other things, that any broker engaging in a purchase or sale ofour securities provide its customers with: (i) a risk disclosure document, (ii) disclosure of market quotations, if any, (iii) disclosure of the compensation of the brokerand its salespersons in the transaction and (iv) monthly account statements showing the market values of our securities held in the customer’s accounts. A brokerwould be required to provide the bid and offer quotations and compensation information before effecting the transaction. This information must be contained on thecustomer’s confirmation. Generally, brokers are less willing to effect transactions in penny stocks due to these additional delivery requirements. These requirementsmay make it more difficult for shareholders to purchase or sell our shares. Because the broker, not us, prepares this information, we would not be able to assure thatsuch information is accurate, complete or current.Trading in our shares over the last three months has been very limited, so our stock price is highly volatile, leading to the possibility that you may not be able tosell as much stock as you want at prevailing prices.Because approximately 70% of our then issued and outstanding shares of common stock was tendered in the tender offering closed on July 29, 2014, we currentlyhave a limited amount of shares eligible for public trading. The average daily trading volume in our common stock over the last three months is very limited. If limitedtrading in our common stock continues, it may be difficult for investors to sell their shares in the public market at any given time at prevailing prices. Moreover, themarket price for shares of our common stock may be made more volatile because of the relatively low volume of trading in our common stock. When trading volumeis low, significant price movement of our common stock can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Volatility in our common stock couldcause stockholders to incur substantial losses.Numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly.There are numerous additional factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly. Thesefactors include:●our earnings releases, actual or anticipated changes in our earnings, fluctuations in our operating results or our failure to meet the expectations of financialmarket analysts and investors;●changes in financial estimates by us or by any securities analysts who might cover our shares;●speculation about our business in the press or the investment community;●significant developments relating to our relationships with our customers or suppliers;●stock market price and volume fluctuations of other publicly traded companies and, in particular, those that are in our industries;●customer demand for our products;●investor perceptions of our industry in general and our company in particular;●the operating and stock performance of comparable companies;●general economic conditions and trends;●major catastrophic events;●announcements by us or our competitors of new products, significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships or divestitures;●changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretation or principles;●loss of external funding sources;●sales of our shares, including sales by our directors, officers or significant shareholders; and●additions or departures of key personnel.21Table of ContentsSecurities class action litigation is often instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their share price. This type of litigation could result insubstantial costs to us and divert our management’s attention and resources. Moreover, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price andvolume fluctuations for reasons unrelated to operating performance of particular companies. For example, in July 2008, the securities markets in the United States,China and other jurisdictions experienced the largest decline in share prices since September 2001. These market fluctuations may adversely affect the price of ourshares and other interests in our company at a time when you want to sell your interest in us.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and do not anticipate paying any cashdividends on our shares. Accordingly, investors must be prepared to rely on sales of their shares after price appreciation to earn an investment return, which maynever occur. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our shares. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion ofour Board of Directors, and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable laws, and otherfactors our board deems relevant.Certain of our shareholders hold a significant percentage of our outstanding voting securities.Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, is the beneficial owner of approximately 37% of our outstanding voting securities. As a result, hepossesses significant influence and can elect a majority of our board of directors and authorize or prevent proposed significant corporate transactions. Hisownership and control may also have the effect of delaying or preventing a future change in control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other businesscombination or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer.Our outstanding warrants may adversely affect the market price of our shares of common stock.There are currently 393,836 warrants outstanding. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50. The sale orpossibility of sale of the shares underlying the warrants could have an adverse effect on the market price for our shares of common stock or our ability to obtainfuture financing. If and to the extent these warrants are exercised, you may experience dilution to your holdings.You will not be able to exercise your redeemable warrants if we do not have an effective registration statement and a prospectus in place when you desire to doso.No redeemable warrants will be exercisable, and we will not be obligated to issue shares of common stock upon exercise of redeemable warrants by a holder unless,at the time of such exercise, we have a registration statement or posteffective amendment under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuableupon the exercise of the redeemable warrants and a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Under the terms of a redeemable warrant agreementbetween American Stock Transfer & Trust Company as warrant agent, and us, we have agreed to use our best efforts to have a registration statement in effectcovering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants from the date the redeemable warrants become exercisable and to maintain acurrent prospectus relating to shares of common stock until the redeemable warrants expire or are redeemed, and to take such action as is necessary to qualify theshares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants for sale in those states in which the IPO was initially qualified. However, we cannotassure you that we will be able to do so. We may be unable to have a registration statement in effect covering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of theredeemable warrants or to maintain a current prospectus relating to such shares of common stock if, for example, we lack the current financial statements necessaryto be included in such registration statement or prospectus. We have no obligation to settle the redeemable warrants for cash, in any event, and the redeemablewarrants may not be exercised and we will not deliver securities therefor in the absence of an effective registration statement and a prospectus available for use. Theredeemable warrants may be deprived of any value, the market for the redeemable warrants may be limited if there is no registration statement in effect covering theshares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the redeemable warrants or the prospectus relating to the shares of common stock issuable upon the exerciseof the redeemable warrants is not current and the redeemable warrants may expire worthless. If you are unable to exercise or sell your redeemable warrants, you willhave paid the full unit price for only the shares of common stock underlying the units.22Table of ContentsHolders of warrants included in the placement units may exercise these warrants even if an effective registration statement and a prospectus is not in place,which means they may be able to exercise such warrants while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.Unlike the warrants underlying the units issued in connection with our IPO, the warrants included in the placement units will not be restricted from being exercisedin the absence of a registration statement under the Securities Act in effect covering the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the such warrantsand a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Therefore, the holders thereof will be able to exercise such warrants regardless of whether the issuanceof the underlying shares of common stock is registered under the Securities Act, while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.We are a “foreign private issuer” and have disclosure obligations that are different than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. Therefore, you should notexpect to receive the same information about us as a U.S. domestic reporting company may provide. Furthermore, if we or lose our status as a foreign privateissuer, we would be required to fully comply with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers and incur significantoperational, administrative, legal, and accounting costs that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer.We are a foreign private issuer. As a result, we are not subject to certain of the requirements imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the SEC. For example, we arenot required by the SEC or the federal securities laws to issue quarterly reports or file proxy statements with the SEC. We are also allowed to file our annual reportwith the SEC within four months of our fiscal year end. We are also not required to disclose certain detailed information regarding executive compensation that isrequired from U.S. domestic issuers. Further, our directors and executive officers are not required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Securities Act. Asa foreign private issuer, we are also exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups ofinvestors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. We are, however, still subject to the antifraud and antimanipulation rules ofthe SEC, such as Rule 10b5. Since many of the disclosure obligations required of us as a foreign private issuer are different than those required by U.S. domesticreporting companies, our shareholders should not expect to receive all of the same types of information about us and at the same time as information is receivedfrom, or provided by, U.S. domestic reporting companies. We are liable for violations of the rules and regulations of the SEC, which do apply to us as a foreignprivate issuer. Violations of these rules could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain NASDAQ corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. Thismay afford less protection to holders of our securities.We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. As a foreign private issuer,we are permitted to follow the governance practices of our home country, the Republic of the Marshall Islands in lieu of certain corporate governance requirementsof Nasdaq. As result, the standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not requiredto:●have a compensation committee and a nominating committee to be comprised solely of “independent directors; and●hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the Company’s fiscal yearend.As a result, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.Future sales or perceived sales of our shares of common stock could depress our stock price.As of the date of this report, we have 2,591,299 shares of common stock outstanding. Many of these shares will become eligible for sale in the public market, subjectto limitations imposed by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. If the holders of these shares were to attempt to sell a substantial amount of their holdings at once, themarket price of our common stock could decline. Moreover, the perceived risk of this potential dilution could cause shareholders to attempt to sell their shares andinvestors to short the common stock, a practice in which an investor sells shares that he or she does not own at prevailing market prices, hoping to purchase shareslater at a lower price to cover the sale. As each of these events would cause the number of shares of our common stock being offered for sale to increase, ourcommon stock market price would likely further decline. All of these events could combine to make it very difficult for us to sell equity or equityrelated securities inthe future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.23Table of ContentsHolders of our securities may face difficulties in protecting their interests because we are incorporated under the Republic of the Marshall Islands law.We are a company incorporated under the laws of the Marshall Islands, and almost all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, majority of ourdirectors and officers, and their assets, are located outside of the United States. As a result, you may have difficulty serving legal process within the United Statesupon us or any of these persons. You may also have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside the United States, judgments you may obtain in U.S. courts against usor these persons in any action, including actions based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal or state securities laws. You may also have difficultybringing an original action in the appropriate court of the Marshall Islands to enforce liabilities against us or any person based upon the U.S. federal securities laws.Provisions of our articles of incorporation may impede a takeover or make it more difficult for shareholders to change the direction or management of theCompany, which could reduce shareholders’ opportunity to influence management of the Company.Our articles of incorporation permit our board of directors to issue up to five million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 from time to time, with suchrights and preferences as they consider appropriate. These terms may include voting rights including the right to vote as a series on particular matters, preferencesas to dividends and liquidation, conversion rights and redemption rights provisions. The issuance of any preferred stock could reduce the value of our commonstock. In addition, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell assets to, a third party. Theability of the board of directors to issue preferred stock could make it more difficult, delay, discourage, prevent or make it more costly to acquire or effect a changeincontrol, which in turn could prevent shareholders from recognizing a gain in the event that a favorable offer is extended and could materially and negatively affectthe market price of our common stock.ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANYA.History and Development of the CompanyWe are a Republic of the Marshall Islands Company incorporated under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BDA”) on January 26, 2012. We wereoriginally organized under the name “Aquasition Corp.” for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, orsimilar acquisition transaction, one or more operating businesses or assets. The address of the Company’s principal executive office is Xingfengge Building,Baogaiyupu Industrial Park, Shishi City, Fujian Province of china.On March 24, 2014, we entered into a share exchange agreement and plan of liquidation (the “Exchange Agreement”), with KBS International, Hongri International, athen wholly owned subsidiary of KBS International and Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, each an individual and shareholder of KBS International (each, a“Principal Stockholder”). The Exchange Agreement was subsequently amended on June 21, 2014. The transactions contemplated in the Exchange Agreement (the“Share Exchange”) were closed on August 1, 2014. At the closing, we acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interest in Hongri International from KBSInternational. In exchange, we issued an aggregate of 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company to KBS International. In addition, on July 29, 2014, wecompleted a tender offer related to the Share Exchange and redeemed the 332,116 shares of common stock validly tendered and not withdrawn. Pursuant to theExchange Agreement, KBS International was liquidated and dissolved in August 2014 and the 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company were distributed toeach shareholder of KBS International according to their respective ownership of KBS International. As a result, following the consummation of the Share Exchange,we had a total of 1,694,489 shares of common stock outstanding.24Table of ContentsOn October 31, 2014, we held a special shareholder meeting and amended our Articles of Incorporation to change our name to KBS Fashion Group Limited.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.On March 29, 2016, we granted an aggregate of 73,334 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their past services in 2015 and future services to be provided in 2016.On July 10, 2017, we granted an aggregate of 215,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company as compensationsfor their services.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their services.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 registered shares of common stock pursuant to our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to our executive officers,directors and certain employees as compensations for their services.On March 29, 2019, our board of directors approved the issuance of 15,000 shares of common stock to our Investor Relationship firm as compensation for theirservices. The issuance of the shares was made in reliance on the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), for theoffer and sale of securities not involving a public offering, and Regulation S promulgated thereunder. None of the shares have been registered under the Act andneither may be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.25Table of ContentsCorporate StructureAll of our business operations are conducted through our PRC subsidiaries. The chart below presents our corporate structure as of the date of this report. The Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regardingissuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.Our web site address is http://www.kbsfashion.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of thisAnnual Report.Principal Capital Expenditures and DivestituresFor the year ended December 31, 2018, our total capital expenditures and divestitures were $nil. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, our total capitalexpenditures and divestitures were $849,199 and $45,445, respectively. Such expenditures were primarily used construction of production facility and purchasing fireprotection facility. Our operating cash flow mainly funded these capital expenditures.B.Business OverviewWe are a leading casual menswear company in China with a demonstrated track record of designing, marketing, and selling our own line of fashion menswear. Ourproducts include men’s apparel, footwear and accessories, primarily targeting urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 in the Tier II and Tier III cities in China.Tier II cities generally refer to major cities located in each province of China other than the capital city of such province. Tier III cities generally refer to countylevelcities in China. Tier III cities that we focus on are the national top 100 county cities identified by the State Statistics Bureau of China each year. These cities arecharacterized by higher GDP, higher disposable income, better education and better infrastructure as compared with other countylevel cities.26Table of ContentsOur apparel products include outerwear, knitwear, denim, tops, bottoms, accessories and footwear. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products,each year with a different theme to highlight the current trends in menswear for the season.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by the company and 40 franchised stores operated by 14 third party distributors or their subdistributors. The number of stores has grown from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017and 2016, sales through our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues respectively, and sales through distributors and whole sellersaccounted for 73%, 66.5% and 78% of our revenues, respectively. Total revenue from corporate stores sales for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $7.0million for 2017 and $5.53 million for 2016.From 2009 through 2018, total net sales decreased from $28.1 million to $18.53 million while the net profit decreased from $9.0 million to a net loss of $8 million.Our Competitive StrengthsWe believe that the following competitive strengths enable us to compete effectively in and capitalize on the growing casual menswear industry in China.●There is a sizable market for our products. We believe that we have a sizeable potential market. Our target customers are male middleclass consumers inthe 2040 age range. According to the national census in 2018, the population in China between 1659 yearsold was approximately 900 million. Our targetgroup falls into this category and is estimated to be more than 200 million people. As a result of the growing affluence in the PRC and increased purchasingpower of the PRC population, we believe that PRC consumers are becoming more willing and able to purchase casual menswear. In addition, we believe thatthe purchasing decision of PRC consumers is becoming more predicated upon brand image, product design and style, rather than just price considerations.With rising affluence and improvement in lifestyle, we also believe the overall Chinese population is generally growing more brand name conscious andstyle oriented and has shown a propensity for increased spending on casual menswear.●We have a strong focus on design and product development. We believe that our inhouse design and product development capabilities allow us to createunique products that appeal to our customers. We have established a strong inhouse design and product development team of 20 employees as of April26, 2019. Our team identifies new fashion trends by attending fashion shows and exhibitions as well as by drawing from creative ideas in magazines andother media. Each spring and fall, we carefully plan and create a new product line for our fall/winter and spring/summer collections of 727 SKU thatencompasses our full range of product offerings, including outerwear, tops, bottoms and accessories. We introduce new design elements into our productlines each season. With our highly skilled and creative team of designers, we have extensive experience in creating unique designs to meet the preferencesand needs of our target customer base.●Our trademarked brand has earned a following in China. Our brand was developed in 2006. Our marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design andmade for Chinese.” Our customers are middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range. We believe that their products’ concept, marketing, design andpackaging fully match with the prowestern attitude and life styles of their target customers. We believe the KBS brand is essential to our success topenetrate to the casual menswear market in China.●We have an extensive and wellmanaged nationwide distribution network. We have an extensive distribution network throughout China. As of December31, 2018, we had 1 KBS branded corporate stores and 32 franchised stores across 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. TheKBS branded corporate stores are required to sell only our products. We have been building up our selected distributor network since 2007. As ofDecember 31, 2018, we had 11 distributors operating 32 franchised stores. All of our distributors have been working with us from 1 to 10 years. We selectour distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry, sales channels, business resources, brand promotioncapabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. Our distributors help us respond to changing consumer tastes in a timelymanner by providing regular feedback on our products at our semiannual sales fairs and frequent communications. The financial resources of ourdistributors allow us to expand our retail network with less working capital investment from us than would be required for establishing direct stores, as ourdistributors are responsible for the store rentals and cost of inventory in their stores. We sold a substantial amount of our products through ourdistributors, which have allowed us to distribute our products to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge ofour distributors and their sub distributors. We believe that our distribution network has enabled us to expand our business and increase our salesefficiently and with less operational risk. This model has also minimized our operational risk because we typically start production after we receive ordersfrom our distributors. We believe that using a distribution network to sell a substantial amount of our KBS products has enabled us to devote ourresources to our core competitive strengths of design, brand management and product development.27Table of Contents●We have an experienced management team. Our management team has extensive R&D, marketing and financial experience, led by our Chief ExecutiveOfficer, Mr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has over 27 years of experience in the apparel industry and also has developed a differentiated product by internationalcooperation with a Korean designer. After working in the garment industry for more than 16 years, Mr. Yan acquired and developed the KBS brand. Withhis strong understanding of the apparel industry, Mr. Yan has successfully established this brand name in the market. We are committed to attract andretain top management level executives who we believe are and will continue to be the driving force behind our product development and growth.Our Growth StrategyWe intend to further strengthen our market position in the casual menswear market in China by implementing the following strategies:●We plan to expand our online business and purchase one or more online sales platforms or online stores. Together with the change in consumer trends,online sales is now the most important sales channel in Chinese market and is becoming increasingly important globally. Sales from our stores anddistributors have been steadily decreasing, and we are now in the process of identifying the best possible ways to establish and expand our onlinebusiness. We plan to research and purchase one or more online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that KBS will have better opportunities toexpand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores in year 2019, and the management of KBS will keep on exploring other areas and businessmodels, such as the use of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends. We consider that ourpolicy to expand our outreach using new technologies will add significant shareholder value.●We plan to expand our OEM sales by attracting more reputable and longterm clients. We just had the renewal of a framework sales contract with twomajor current customers: Hangzhou Zhi Yin Apparel Clothes Co., Ltd and Hangzhou Yiyuan Apparel Co., Ltd. These two sales contracts are expected togenerate approximately RMB 28 million in total, of which RMB 20 million relates to Hangzhou Ziyin of new 450,000 orders and RMB 8 million relates toHangzhou Yiyuan of new 160,000 orders for this year. We are also expanding our OEM business and to get more clients, especially to focus on onlineproviders, as they have expanded their market share over the past years quickly together with the change in Chinese consumer’s preferences and occupy alarge market share. By the time when we start executing the orders, we expect that we can have sustainable and increasing business.●We plan to invest in a Greece Based Private Smart Tech Apparel Company. We signed a letter of intent with Tribe, one of the most innovative smartclothing technology companies internationally. If the transaction is consummated, we conceive that this investment will enhance and expand significantlyour client network and products offering. The smart clothing market is expected to surpass the 2 trillion US dollars in size in 2019 and we believe we are wellpositioned to capture a part of this market in the wider region.28Table of Contents●We plan to continue to raise the profile of the KBS brand through enhanced advertising and promotional activities. We believe that the strongassociation of KBS brand with our concept of “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese” has helped drive our brand positioning and customers’receptivity to our products. We intend to further build our brand and deliver a consistent brand image from product design to sales and marketing. We seekto promote and enhance our presence in China’s casual menswear market by continuing to adopt proactive marketing strategies and produce high quality,well designed casual menswear for our target market. In particular, we aim to increase awareness of our brand through: (1) multichannel advertisingstrategies through national television, fashion magazines, billboards and other media channels; (2) further assisting our distributors’ regional advertisingefforts; (3) distinctive store and product launch campaigns, including special events for new product launches and largescale grand opening events fornew stores, particularly new corporate stores; (4) update of the decoration and layout of a number of existing stores which have been in operation for yearsto improve the shopping experience; (5) participation in fashion shows; and (6) sponsorships of selected highimpact events. We believe that theseadvertising and promotional activities will help to further strengthen brand awareness in our target market and enhance customer loyalty.●We plan to expand and build upon our design and product development capabilities. We intend to further strengthen our design and productdevelopment capabilities by accelerating the commercialization of design concepts, expanding our product offerings and continuing to develop what webelieve is unique casual menswear. We plan to further invest in design and product development and expand our design and product development team byattracting talented designers, either domestic or international, and training young graduates from leading fashion design institutes. We believe thatcombining western fashion design experience with our local designer’s understanding of the China market and aesthetic will enable us to create fashionableyet popular casual menswear for consumers in China. We also intend to cooperate with our suppliers to develop new materials and fabrics which we believewill give customers a unique fashion product and create new market opportunities. We believe that our focus on designing unique and quality casualmenswear will allow us to maintain our competitiveness and help to enhance our sales and overall profitability.●We plan to expand our production capacity to expand and diversify our product offerings. Our production facility is located in Taihu City, AnhuiProvince, China, consisting of total 110,557 square meters of land. Currently this facility has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per yearand can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famous sportswear producers, some successful onlinebrand stores and fulfill some overseas orders. The construction of our facility commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases: Phase 1 consists of theconstruction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We have completed theconstruction of facilities for Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Although we have the designed capacity of 5 million pieces yearly, the facilitycurrently may only produce 2 million pieces per year. Phase 3 construction has been delayed because the local government needs additional time toconclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 canbe continued. Phase 4 will include production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quarters and livingfacilities. Upon completion, the new facility is expected to have a production capacity of 20 million pieces and accommodate 5,000 workers. Please see“Production” below for a more complete explanation of our plans for the expansion of our production capacity. We anticipate that the new productionfacility will allow us to further refine our existing product lines by offering more styles within our existing apparel and accessories categories and tointroduce additional, complementary apparel and accessories categories into our product line. We currently introduce 500 to 900 different styles ofproducts each year and intend to increase the number of our product offerings in the future.●We plan to expand our international market and attract more orders from overseas. Starting from year 2016, we have been awarded international OEMorders for producing clothes with overseas brands. Such orders are usually large and continuous. Due to the completion of phase 2 construction of ourAnhui factory, we have enough production capacity to take on large orders. The current utilization rate of the Anhui factory is still quite low and we expectto invest more in attracting more large orders from overseas.The KBS BrandWe are engaged in a highly competitive industry in which brand image and recognition is critical to attracting customers to purchase our products. We haveadopted KBS as a uniform brand name and image for all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. The KBS brand was created byMs. Qinghua Ye in 2006 and registered with the trademark administration authority in 2008. Subsequently, Ms. Ye assigned the KBS trademark to Hongri PRC in2008. In 2009, Hongri PRC transferred this trademark to France Cock, which then licensed such trademark back to Hongri PRC. Based on our sharp rise in revenuesince 2006, we believe that the KBS brand has gained a following in the casual menswear market in the cities where our products are sold.29Table of ContentsTo promote our brand, we have developed and implemented brand management policies in all of our corporate stores and franchised stores. Our brand managementpolicies set out detailed requirements for store decorations and display of products. This enables us to project a consistent brand image. In addition, each season,our design and product development team develops display concepts, including the presentation of our collections in the stores and the color schemes for thebackdrops. We also work closely with our distributors to supervise the daily operations of franchised stores through unscheduled visits to ensure that our brandmanagement policies are properly followed.We may suspend the supply of our products or terminate distribution agreements in the event that any of our distributors or their subdistributors consistently failsto comply with our brand management policies.Our ProductsOur apparel products include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, socks and caps. In 2018, thesuggested retail prices of our products ranged from RMB 15 to RMB1,599 (approximately $2 to $237) for our apparel products and RMB178 to RMB1599(approximately $26 to $236) for our accessory products. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products, each year with a different theme tohighlight the current trends in menswear for the season.Our DesignWe believe one of our key strengths is our internal design and product development team, which designs products that reinforce our brand image. Major parts ofour products are designed by our internal design and product development team with the collaboration of Korean designers. As of December 31, 2018, our designand product development team consisted of 20 members, including one senior designer with over five years of working experience. Final design concepts areapproved by Mr. Keyan Yan, who has more than 27 years of experience in the industry. All of the other designers are graduates of professional design schools inChina. We believe that our design and product development team is innovative and passionate and that the individual experience of each of our designers helpsbring new and exciting products to our customers. Our design and product development team conceptualizes each season’s collections through an interactiveprocess, taking into account our brand strategy, product image and market feedback, drawing inspirations from domestic and international fashion trends andcollaborating with both our suppliers and distributors to finetune our designs. In particular, we collaborate with our suppliers to develop a variety of materials andfabrics for our products. We also involve distributors in our product selection process to take advantage of their market intelligence, which helps us to adapt toconstantly changing customer preferences in local markets. Our designers also attend various domestic and international fashion shows to keep abreast of the latestfashion trends.Starting from year 2015, design of our products comes from three channels. In addition to designing products by our inhouse staff, we outsource to certainreputable designers. From time to time, our ODMs also will directly sell their designed products to us.In a typical year, we design and make around 1,500 prototypes. After the initial product selection, internal cost analysis of approved prototypes and final selectionby distributors at the sales fairs, we eventually select approximately 750 designs for mass production. Final design of all of our products will be approved by ourChairman, Mr. Yan.Our Distribution NetworkWe have established a nationwide distribution network consisting of corporate stores and franchised stores covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrallyadministered municipalities.Corporate StoresAs of December 31, 2018, we owned and operated 1 corporate store with the floor area of approximately 120 square meters. As part of our corporate strategy, weclosed 17 corporate stores in last two years because of the low profitability of certain corporate stores. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, salesthrough our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues, respectively.30Table of ContentsWe directly own and operate our corporate store. This direct control enables us to have closer relationship with our ultimate customers and better understanding ofmarket trends and consumer preferences. Required capital for opening of each store depends on the location and area of the designated store. On average, therenovation cost per store is around $67,000 and the first year of rent payment is around $140,000 including premium paid to the previous owner. Rental period variesfrom two to five years. The total capital required to open a new store is generally around $207,000 per store. Once negotiation of rent is concluded, it takes one totwo months to open up a store. We usually open up stores right before a peak season, such as labor holiday in May, National holiday in October and Chinese NewYear in January/February. On average, new stores break even after one to three months of operation.We currently have one standard designs for our corporate stores located in Fujian Province. They were considered as flagship stores for our distributors’ reference.Because in year 2016 and 2015 we closed some corporate stores, the inventories of these stores were cleared through promotion exhibitions we held in the thirdtiercities at lower prices.For corporate stores opened in second tier cities, we normally have a higher aesthetic standard compared with corporate stores in third and fourth tier cities. Wegenerally locate our corporate stores at street level to access high pedestrian flow. Normally, we will sell inseason stock in our secondtier city corporate stores. Oursecondtier city corporate stores are also designed to showcase our marketability to potential distributors so as to induce them to join our distributorship. For storesopened in the third and fourth tier cities, we normally sell some of our slowmoving or offseason stock at a discount due to our awareness of the generally lesseramount of disposable income available to residents of these cities. During certain times of the year, such as the New Year, Chinese New Year and Labor Day, we willorganize promotional discounts together with our franchised stores to attract more customers and increase our stock turnover.Franchised StoresWe sell a substantial amount of our products to our franchised distributors who in turn sell them to retail customers through KBS branded retail stores operated byour distributors or their subdistributors. Since 2013, we have also been selling products to 3 provincial distributors without their own stores, or the nostoredistributors, on a trial basis. We do not have any ownership in, or controlling relationship with, these franchised stores, but we have entered into distributionagreements with them in the Company’s standard form, pursuant to which we require distributors and their subdistributors to sell only KBS products in thesestores. Distributors are responsible for selecting and ordering products from us and overseeing the sales in the stores operated by them and their subdistributors.By selling directly to our distributors, we can recognize revenues upon delivery to our distributors and delegate the distribution responsibilities to our distributors.This allows us to distribute our merchandise to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge of our distributors and theirsubdistributors. This also minimizes our inventory and sales risks while allowing us to allocate our resources to our core competitive strengths of design, brandmanagement and product development. We believe that our cooperation with distributors has enabled us to expand our business and accelerate our sales growth atmuch lower costs and operational risk and achieve brand recognition throughout China.We have been building up our selected franchised distributor network since 2007. As of December 31, 2018, we had 11 franchised distributors who operated 32 retailstores directly or through their subdistributors, all of which were standalone stores, which were typically located in commercial centers, including departmentstores or shopping malls, in their cities. All these distributors have worked with us for about 1 to 8 years. We have not encountered any material dispute or financialdifficulty with our key distributors. The average floor area of each retail store was approximately 78 square meters as of December 2018. The number of retail storeshas grown significantly in recent years from 7 as of December 31, 2006, with the aggregate floor area increasing from 560 square meters as of December 31, 2006 to2,635 square meters as of December 31, 2018. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, sales through our distributors accounted for 73%, 63.3% and78% of our revenues, respectively. 31Table of ContentsDuring each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we had no customer exceeding 10% of our net sales.Sales generated by our five bestperforming franchised distributors accounted for approximately 29.3%, 23.8% and 28.3% of our revenues in the years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Those top distributors have been with us since 2007 or 2008 and have grown organically with us. At the same time,we are exploring more distributors in other regions including relatively small distributors to grow with their businesses. Although we rely on distributors for thesales and marketing of our products, we believe our business is not substantially dependent on any individual distributor.We are highly selective in appointing distributors. We select our distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry,sales channels, business resources, brand promotion capabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. We maintain good relationshipswith many regional or local distributor candidates which we identify through our internal research and external referrals but only appoint a handful of them tobecome our distributors. We evaluate the relevant experience of the distributor candidates in operating retail stores, their financial condition and sources of fundingrequired for the establishment of a regional distribution network and their ability to develop a network of retail stores in the designated distribution region of a givendistributor before we make any appointment.Once appointed, each distributor must enter into a distribution agreement with us. We do not own any interest in any of our distributors, their subdistributors orthe retail stores they operate. The distribution agreements we typically enter into with distributors do not allow us to be involved in the daily operating, financing orother activities of the distributors, except that distributors need to comply with our brand management policies and pricing and store management guidelines. Keyterms of our standard distribution agreement include:●Product Exclusivity. Our distributors are required to sell only our products at KBS branded retail outlets managed by them or authorized retailers.●Geographic Coverage. Distributors are granted exclusive rights to distribute our products (directly and indirectly through their subdistributors) in theretail stores within the specified geographic area with no overlapping of distributors within our distribution network. However, we retain the right to operatedirect stores anywhere regardless of whether we have appointed distributors there.●Duration. The distribution agreements generally have an initial term of one year and are renewable at our discretion after taking into account factors suchas compliance with our brand management policies and sales performance.●Distributor Pricing. Distributors agree to order our products at a discount from our suggested retail prices. The discounted wholesale prices todistributors are classified into the following three categories: provincial distributor at a discount of 35% of retail price, district distributor is 30% of retailprice and the wholesale distributor is 25% of retail price.●Minimum Purchase Requirement. Each of our distributors is customarily expected to purchase a minimum amount of our products for each trade fair heldbiannually according to their present and expected distribution network. The minimum is typically RMB800,000 (approximately $110,000) for each store.●Payment and Delivery. Normally, we expect distributors to pay us RMB0.5 million (approximately $74,000) to RMB1 million (approximately $148,148) as adeposit upon placing an order. Upon delivery of the orders, we will deduct amounts on deposit from the purchase price. For new and small districtdistributors, we normally require them to pay the balance before the delivery of its products. We may also accept payment on credit terms to the extentrequested by distributors experiencing working capital difficulties or encouraging them to order more. The amount and duration of credit granted to eachdistributor will depend on its financial position and creditworthiness. We handle the arrangements for delivery of our products, but the distributors arenormally expected to bear the related costs and expenses.32Table of Contents●Return of Products. We will only accept product returns from distributors for quality reasons and only if the distributors followed our standard proceduresin processing the returned products. So far, we have not experienced any product returns due to expressed quality reasons.●Retail Pricing. Other than at times when we launch promotional campaigns or adjust our strategies, distributors must adopt, and are required to procuretheir subdistributors to adopt, our suggested retail prices for products. Distributors must obtain our consent before launching any distributor specificspecial offers.●Brand Management. Distributors must comply with our brand management policies and store management guidelines. We may impose penalties, forfeitureof deposit, suspend supply of products and terminate the agreement in the event of any breach of such policies.●Termination. We may generally terminate the distribution agreements and seek indemnification in the event of breach by distributors. In the event of sometypes of breach, we may not terminate the agreement but have other remedies. For example, if a distributor fails to order all products provided for under thedistributorship agreement, we may instead impose forfeiture of deposit or withhold certain benefits.When opening new retail stores, our distributors conduct research on the market potential of the proposed retail sites, after which they will provide us with anapplication for opening a new retail store. In reviewing applications, we consider factors including the store location, store layout, available area, marketopportunities, competitors and estimated sales. We conduct selected onsite investigations to verify applications filed by our distributors. Our retail stores aregenerally located in convenient retail locations in their respective cities and thus benefit from high volumes of pedestrian traffic.Effective monitoring of distributors and their retail stores is critical to our success. We have a team in our marketing, sales and distribution department to monitorour distributors’ and their subdistributors’ performance, who conduct onsite inspections of selected retail stores each quarter without prior notice to ensurecompliance with our store management guidelines. According to the results of our inspections, we, from time to time, make suggestions to our distributors withrespect to the opening or closure of their retail stores. Distributors also need to submit to us their annual/ semiannual plans to estimate their orders for the nextseason and their plan to improve the performance of existing retail stores or expand by opening new retail stores. This reporting system enables us to access uptodate sales projections of our distributors and their subdistributors, which reflects the overall level of retail sales of our products. It also provides us with theexpansion plan of each distributor which helps us prepare our overall development plan in a more accurate manner.We invite our distributors, as well as a select number of their subdistributors and retail store managers, to attend our sales fairs, which are held twice a year. Duringthe sales fairs, we discuss with our distributors and their subdistributors the upcoming product line. Apart from participating in two sales fairs each year, ourdistributors visit us from time to time and contact us as necessary, which allows us to have access to updated market information. We also provide training fordistributors and their subdistributors in the areas of sales techniques, customer service and product knowledge, typically prior to the launch of our new collectionseach year. We believe that these investments help to improve the operations of the sales network and provide additional valueadded services to retain ourdistributors and their subdistributors.The following table lists by region the number of retail stores operated by distributors and subdistributors as of December 31, 2018:LocationAs ofDecember 31,2018Fujian6Guangdong2Guangxi3Jiangsu4Anhui2Chongqing4Tianjin3Hebei4Sichuan4Total3233Table of ContentsPricing PolicyWe sell our products to our distributors at uniform discounts from our suggested retail prices. We have a suggested retail price policy that applies to all our storesto help maintain brand image, ensure consistent pricing levels from region to region and prevent price competition among our distributors. In determining our pricingstrategies, we take into account market supply and demand, production cost and the prices of our competitors’ similar products. Our sales representatives collectand record the retail prices of our products sold by our retailers. We analyze the information collected and engage in discussions with our distributors to ensure thatthey follow our pricing policy. See “Franchised Stores” above.ProductionOriginally located in Shishi City in Fujian Province and started production in 2006, our production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China.The facility currently has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famoussportswear producers. Our production facility was operating at full capacity between 2009 and 2012. In 2014, we produced about 0.39 million units at the operatingcapacity of 19.5%; while in 2015,we produced about 0.48 million units at the operating capacity of 24%. In 2016, we produced about 0.54 million units at the operatingcapacity of 27%.In 2017 and 2018, we produced about 0.30 million and 0.49 million units at the operating capacity of 15% and 25%. Since 2011, we have been negotiating with the local government to acquire land use rights for our current facility consisting of 110,557 square meters. We obtaineda portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square meters and 2,440 square meters in March 2012 and May 2012, respectively, and have finishedthe construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factoryin year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with localresidents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. While we cannot guaranteewhen and whether the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land will be eventually completed, we believe we will be in a better position toschedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Once completed, our total production capacity of the facility isexpected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.All of the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers bear the brand name KBS. As of December 31, 2018, we had 3 ODM contractmanufacturers and 3 OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had 3 and 6 OEM contract manufacturers, respectively. Oursourcing strategy is based upon the quality of fabrics and workmanship that our customers expect from the KBS brand. The costs of our outsourced productionamounted to approximately $8.38 million, $10.94 million and$26.1 million for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, accounting forapproximately 27.3%, 31% and 66.8% of our total cost of sales in the respective periods.As of December 31, 2018, our principal ODM and OEM contract suppliers included the following:No.1Bai Tian Ni (Fujian) Clothing fabric Co. Ltd2Shishi Hua Lai Shi Clothing Co. Ltd3Jinjiang City Hongtawanheng trading Co. Ltd4Fujian Gumaite Clothing Technology Co. Ltd5Shishi Rongpeng Clothing Co. Ltd6Hubei Mingyuan Clothing Co. LtdWe are not materially reliant on any single ODM or OEM contract supplier.34Table of ContentsInventory ManagementWe recognize that controlling the level of inventory is important to our overall operational efficiency and cost control. Based on the purchase orders our distributorsand the department store chains place at our biannual sales fairs, we are able to anticipate the demand for our products in advance and plan ahead for our ownmanufacturing and the orders we will be required to place with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We generally plan purchases of raw materials and placemanufacturing orders with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers immediately after each of our two seasonal sales fairs, usually in May for our autumn andwinter products and in October for our spring and summer products, where we confirm sales orders with our distributors and department store chains. This enablesus and our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to have sufficient time, ranging from two to eight weeks, to produce the products and provide our productssuitable for a specific season to our distributors and department store chains on a justintime basis so as to minimize our inventory levels. The alternative way tocontrol cost is when if we have chance to buy materials which the price is much lower than market price, we will buy it in advance and give to OEM contractmanufactures use our material to produce.Quality ControlProduct quality control is a critical aspect of our business. Our dedicated quality control team performs various quality inspection and testing procedures, includingrandom sample testing at different stages of our production process, to ensure that our products meet or exceed the expectations of our consumers. We also performroutine product inspections on every batch of our products and sample testing to ensure consistent quality of our products, including semifinished and finishedproducts.We have implemented a centralized system for procurement and inspection of raw materials and ancillary components to help ensure a stable and high qualitysupply. Those materials and components that fail to meet our tests may be returned to the suppliers for replacement. Our quality control team also carries out qualitycontrol procedures on the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We conduct onsite inspections of our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers before we enter into business relationships with them. We also send our inhouse quality control staff onsite to our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers to monitor the entire production process. The initial product inspections are performed onsite by our staff before these products are shipped to ourheadquarters for further inspection and storage in our warehouse. We also provide technical training to ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to assist them withquality control of the production processes and inspect preproduction samples and finished products from ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We have notencountered any material disruptions to our business as a result of the failure of any of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to meet our quality standards.In order to further improve the quality of our products and shorten our delivery cycle, we intend to increase our control over the manufacturing process andproduction cycle of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers, primarily by requiring our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to implement stricter and morecomprehensive quality control procedures, which cover each stage of the production process, from raw material selection and procurement to finished productspackaging and delivery. We also intend to apply more stringent standards for inspecting products manufactured for us by our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers.Marketing and AdvertisingWe have conducted multichannel marketing campaigns to advertise our products to our target customers through advertising in newspapers, magazines, theInternet, and billboards, and organizing regular and frequent instore marketing activities and road shows.We have implemented strict requirements on our distributors with respect to the display and promotion of our products to ensure consistent branding and enhancemarketing results. Our distributors are required to ensure that our marketing strategies are implemented at the retail outlets managed or authorized by them, includingdisplaying our products according to our specifications and using our billboard advertisements. We also assign sales representatives to monitor the instoredisplays of our products at various retail outlets on a regular basis to help ensure that our retailers have followed our product display policies.In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 our total advertising and promotional expenses amounted to approximately $1.21 million, $1.59 million and $1.55million, respectively, which accounted for approximately 6.6%, 7.5% and 3.8% of our revenues in the respective periods.35Table of ContentsCompetitionThe menswear industry in China is a fragmented industry. Competition mainly comes from local market players such as Exceed, Xiniya, Zuoan and Cabbeen. Webelieves that we differentiate ourselves by providing more fashionable, youngerlooking and leisure products, and competitive pricing without giving up the casualfeel of our products.We compete primarily on the basis of product design, brand recognition, operational efficiency and a low cost structure. Some of our domestic competitors have astronger customer base, greater resources and more industry expertise than us. However, we believe that we can continue to successfully compete with our localcompetitors due to our unique product designs.Intellectual PropertyWe currently have the licenses to use two registered trademarks in the PRC.The registered trademarks on which we have licenses are the following:TrademarkRegistration No.Valid TermKBS4342760Jan 1, 2019 August 28, 2028Ka bi sports5462336March 14, 2010 March 12,2020We believe that these trademarks provide significant value as they are important for marketing and building brand recognition. We are not aware of any third partycurrently using trademarks similar to our trademarks in the PRC on the same products.InsuranceWe do not have any business liability, interruption or litigation insurance coverage for our operations in China. Insurance companies in China offer limited businessinsurance products. While business interruption insurance is available to a limited extent in China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of suchinsurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance.Therefore, we are subject to business and product liability exposure. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—We have limited insurance coverage inChina and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses.”RegulationBecause our primary operating subsidiaries are located in China, we are subject to China’s national and local laws detailed below. We believe that we are in materialcompliance with all registrations and requirements for the issuance and maintenance of all licenses required by the governing bodies and that all license fees andfilings are current. This section summarizes the major PRC regulations relating to our business.Regulations Relating to Foreign InvestmentInvestment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are mainly governed by the Guidance Catalog of Industries for Foreign Investment (2017 revision), or theCatalog, which was promulgated jointly by MOFCOM and the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, on June 28, 2017 and entered into forceon July 28, 2017. The Catalog divides industries into four categories in terms of foreign investment, which are “encouraged,” “restricted,” and “prohibited,” and allindustries that are not listed under one of these categories are deemed to be “permitted.” Establishment of wholly foreignowned enterprises is generally allowed inencouraged and permitted industries. Some restricted industries are limited to equity or contractual joint ventures, while in some cases Chinese partners are requiredto hold the majority interests in such joint ventures. In addition, foreign investment in restricted category projects is subject to government approvals. Foreigninvestors are not allowed to invest in industries in the prohibited category. Industries not listed in the Catalogue are generally open to foreign investment unlessspecifically restricted by other PRC regulations.36Table of ContentsIn June 2018, MOFCOM and NDRC promulgated the Special Management Measures (Negative List) for the Access of Foreign Investment, or the Negative List,effective July 2018. The Negative List expands the scope of permitted industries by foreign investment by reducing the number of industries that fall within theNegative List where restrictions on the shareholding percentage or requirements on the composition of board or senior management still exists. Foreign investmentin valueadded telecommunications services (except for ecommerce) falls within the Negative List.In October 2016, MOFCOM issued the Interim Measures for Recordfiling Administration of the Establishment and Change of Foreigninvested Enterprises, or FIERecordfiling Interim Measures, most recently amended in July 2017. Pursuant to FIE Recordfiling Interim Measures, the establishment and change of foreigninvested enterprises are subject to recordfiling procedures, instead of prior approval requirements, provided that such establishment or change does not involvespecial entry administration measures. If the establishment or change of foreigninvested enterprises matters involve the special entry administration measures, theapproval of the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterparts is still required.Regulations Relating to Product QualityThe principal legal provisions governing product liability are set forth in the PRC Product Quality Law, which was promulgated in February 1993 by the SCNPC andamended in July 2000 and August 2009.The PRC Product Quality Law stipulates the responsibilities and obligations of product sellers and producers. Violations of the PRC Product Quality Law may resultin the imposition of fines. In addition, the seller or producer may be ordered to suspend its operations, and its business license may be revoked. There may also bePART IPART IIPART III20F 1 f20f2018_kbsfashiongroup.htm FORM 20FUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F(Mark One)☐REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ___________ to ___________OR¨SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report:Commission file number: 00135715KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)Not Applicable(Translation of Registrant’s Name Into English)Republic of the Marshall Islands(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)Xin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of China(Address of Principal Executive Offices)Mr. Keyan Yan, Chief Executive OfficerXin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of ChinaTel: + (86) 595 8889 6198Fax: (86) 595 8850 5328(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of Each ClassName of Each Exchange On Which RegisteredCommon Stock, $0.0001 par valueNASDAQ Capital MarketSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.Units, Common Stock Purchase Warrants(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.None(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report(December 31, 2018): 2,271,299Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐No ☒If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of“large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large Accelerated Filer ☐Accelerated Filer ☐NonAccelerated Filer ☒Emerging Growth Company☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting StandardsCodification after April 5, 2012.Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:U.S. GAAP ☐International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting StandardsBoard ☒Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ☐ Item17 ☐Item 18If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒Annual Report on Form 20FYear Ended December 31, 2018TABLE OF CONTENTSPageITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS2A.Directors and Senior Management2B.Advisors2C.Auditors2ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE2A.Offer Statistics2B.Method and Expected Timetable2ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATION2A.Selected Financial Data2B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY24A.History and Development of the Company24B.Business Overview26C.Organizational Structure42D.Property, Plants and Equipment43ITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS44ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS44A.Principal Factors Affecting Financial Performance45B.Liquidity and Capital Resources50C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.51D.Trend Information51E.Off Balance Sheet Arrangements51F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations52G.Safe Harbor62ITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES63A.Directors and Senior Management63B.Compensation64C.Board Practices65D.Employees66E.Share Ownership66ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS67A.Major Shareholders67B.Related Party Transactions67C.Interests of Experts and Counsel67iTable of ContentsITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATION67A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information67B.Significant Changes68ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTING68A.Offer and Listing Details68B.Plan of Distribution68C.Markets68D.Selling Shareholders68E.Dilution68F.Expenses of the Issue68ITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATION69A.Share Capital69B.Memorandum and Articles of Association69C.Material Contracts71D.Exchange Controls71E.Taxation74F.Dividends and Paying Agents79G.Statement by Experts79H.Documents on Display79I.Subsidiary Information79ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK79ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES80A.Debt Securities80B.Warrants and Rights80C.Other Securities80D.American Depositary Shares80ITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES81ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS81ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES81A.Disclosure Controls and Procedures81B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting81C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm81D.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting82ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT82ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICS82ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES82ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES82ITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS83ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT83ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCE83ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE83ITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 19.EXHIBITS84iiTable of ContentsINTRODUCTORY NOTESUse of Certain Defined TermsExcept as otherwise indicated by the context and for the purposes of this report only, references in this report to:●“KBS,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” are to KBS Fashion Group Ltd., a company organized in the Republic of the Marshall Islands;●““KBS International,” refers to KBS International Holding Inc., a Nevada corporation, which was dissolved in August 2014;●“Hongri PRC,” refers to Hongri (Fujian) Sports Goods Co., Ltd., which is our wholly owned subsidiary organized in the PRC;●“Hongri International” are to Hongri International Holdings Limited, which is our wholly owned subsidiary and a company organized in the BVI;●“BVI” are to the British Virgin Islands;●“Hong Kong” are to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China;●“PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China;●“SEC” are to the Securities and Exchange Commission;●“Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;●“Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;●“Renminbi” and “RMB” are to the legal currency of China; and●“U.S. dollars,” “dollars” and “$” are to the legal currency of the United States.ForwardLooking InformationIn addition to historical information, this report contains forwardlooking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of theExchange Act. We use words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “target,” “plan,” “optimistic,” “intend,” “aim,” “will” or similar expressions whichare intended to identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, among others, those concerning market and industry segment growth and demandand acceptance of new and existing products; any projections of sales, earnings, revenue, margins or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategiesand objectives of management for future operations; and any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, as well as all assumptions,expectations, predictions, intentions or beliefs about future events. You are cautioned that any such forwardlooking statements are not guarantees of futureperformance and involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions, which, if they were to ever materialize or prove incorrect, could cause the results of theCompany to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forwardlooking statements. Potential risks and uncertainties include, among other things, thepossibility that we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues and profits due to our failure to anticipate consumer preferences and develop newmenswear products, our failure to execute our business expansion plan, changes in domestic and foreign laws, regulations and taxes, changes in economicconditions, uncertainties related to China’s legal system and economic, political and social events in China, a general economic downturn, a downturn in thesecurities markets, and other risks and uncertainties which are generally set forth under Item 3 “Key information—D. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and our other filings with the SEC. These reports attempt toadvise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects. The forwardlookingstatements made in this report speak only as of the date hereof and we disclaim any obligation, except as required by law, to provide updates, revisions oramendments to any forwardlooking statements to reflect changes in our expectations or future events.On February 3, 2017, approved by the shareholders, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen (1for15) reverse stock split of the Company’s issued andoutstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided that shareholders are entitled to receive the number ofshares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Stock Market on a splitadjusted basis when themarket opened on February 9, 2017. All references in this report to share and per share data have been adjusted, including historical data which have beenretroactively adjusted, to give effect to the reverse stock split unless specified otherwise.1Table of ContentsPART IITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERSA.Directors and Senior ManagementNot applicable.B.AdvisorsNot applicable.C.AuditorsNot applicable.ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLEA.Offer StatisticsNot applicable.B.Method and Expected TimetableNot applicable.ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATIONA.Selected Financial DataThe following table presents selected financial data regarding our business. It should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and relatednotes contained elsewhere in this annual report and the information under Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” The selected consolidatedstatements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, and the selected consolidated statements of financialposition data as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are included in this annual reportbeginning on page F1. The selected consolidated statements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the selectedconsolidated statements of financial position data as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements thatare not included in this annual report.Our consolidated financial statements were prepared and presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by theInternational Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The selected financial data information is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the historicalconsolidated financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere herein. The financial statements contained elsewhere fully represent our financial conditionand operations; however, they are not indicative of our future performance.2Table of ContentsYears ended December 31,20182017201620152014Statement of Income DataTotal revenue$18,535,116$23,762,536$41,200,205$61,343,681$58,832,481Total cost of sales(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)(46,511,274)(39,416,973)Gross profit(2,316,136)(11,511,816)2,158,27214,832,40719,415,508Distribution and selling expenses(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)(6,621,256)(7,191,606)Administrative expenses(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)2,798,082(4,649,229)Profit for the year(17,968,597)(14,815,596)(11,902,688)1,243,6706,876,982Total comprehensive income for the year(20,040,295)(10,004,880)(18,028,121)(4,801,102)6,526,172Outstanding shares2,299,9151,860,8311,750,1421,694,4891,694,489Earnings per share, basic diluted8.067.966.800.734.06Balance Sheet DataCash and cash equivalents$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,341$21,214,080$20,604,583Noncurrent assets29,837,87540,966,31934,754,94247,221,52952,929,386Current assets31,328,13140,343,38656,343,82362,098,95162,093,570Working capital24,463,44633,060,87748,647,18553,598,85452,704,076Total assets61,166,00681,309,70591,098,765109,310,480115,022,956Current liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,500,0979,389,493Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,503,5069,404,880Equity54,301,32174,027,19683,402,127100,816,974105,618,076B.Capitalization and IndebtednessNot applicable.C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of ProceedsNot applicable.D.Risk FactorsAn investment in our capital stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the otherinformation included in this annual report, before making an investment decision. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial conditionor results of operations could suffer. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.3Table of ContentsRISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSGeneral economic conditions, including a prolonged weakness in the economy, may affect consumer discretionary spending, which could adversely affect ourbusiness and financial performance.The apparel industry has historically been subject to substantial cyclical variations. Our business and financial performance are dependent on a number of factorsimpacting consumer discretionary spending, including general economic and business conditions; consumer confidence; wages and employment levels; thehousing market; consumer debt levels; availability of consumer credit; credit and interest rates; fuel and energy costs; energy shortages; taxes; general politicalconditions, both domestic and abroad. Consumer product purchases, including purchases of our products, may decline during recessionary periods. Our ability toaccess the capital markets may be restricted at a time when we would like, or need, to raise capital, which could impair on our ability to open additional stores orbuild additional manufacturing lines. In addition, as domestic and international economic conditions change, trends in consumer spending on discretionary items,including our merchandise, become unpredictable and subject to reductions due to economic uncertainties. A prolonged economic recovery or an uncertain outlookin the economy could result in additional declines in consumer discretionary spending, which could materially affect our financial performance.A contraction in apparel sales and production could impair our results of operations and liquidity and jeopardize our supply base.Apparel sales and production are cyclical and depend, among other things, on general economic conditions and consumer spending and preferences. As thevolume of apparel production fluctuates, the demand for our products also fluctuates. A contraction in apparel sales could harm our results of operations andliquidity. In addition, our suppliers would also be subject to many of the same consequences which could pressure their results of operations and liquidity.Depending on an individual supplier’s financial condition and access to capital, its viability could be challenged which could impact its ability to perform as weexpect and consequently our ability to meet our own commitments.If we are unable to anticipate consumer preferences and develop new menswear products, we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues andprofits.Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define apparel trends as well as to anticipate, gauge and react to changing consumer demands formenswear in a timely manner. Our target market of consumers comprises urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 with moderatetohigh levels of disposableincome. Our business is particularly sensitive to their fashion preferences, which cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumeracceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, and our future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes. If we failto anticipate accurately and respond to trends and shifts in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing product offerings, developing new products,designs, styles and categories, we could experience lower sales, excess inventories and lower profit margins. In a distressed economic and retail environment, manyof our competitors may engage in aggressive activities, such as markdowns or other promotional sales to dispose of excess, slowmoving inventory, furtherincreasing the need to react appropriately to changing consumer preferences and fashion trends. Failure to do so could adversely affect the level of acceptance ofour products, our brand image and our relationship with our distributors, and therefore have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results ofoperations.The apparel industry is highly competitive, and if we fail to compete effectively, we could lose our market position.The menswear industry is highly competitive in China and worldwide. We compete with various domestic brands with similar business models and target markets.We also compete with a growing number of international brands trying to expand their market share in China to take advantage of rising consumer spending oncasual menswear. Our primary international and domestic competitors include Exceed, Xiniya, Cabbeen, GXG and NQ. Some of our competitors are significantlylarger and have greater financial resources than we do. In order to compete effectively, we must: (1) maintain the image of our brands and our reputation forinnovation and high quality; (2) be flexible and innovative in responding to rapidly changing market demands on the basis of brand image, style, performance andquality; and (3) offer consumers a wide variety of high quality products at competitive prices.4Table of ContentsThe purchasing decisions of consumers are highly subjective and can be influenced by many factors, such as brand image, marketing programs and productfeatures. Some of our competitors enjoy competitive advantages, including greater brand recognition and greater financial resources for competitive activities, suchas sales, marketing and strategic acquisitions. The number of our direct competitors and the intensity of competition may increase as we expand into other productlines or as other companies expand into our product lines. Our competitors may enter into business combinations or alliances that strengthen their competitivepositions or prevent us from taking advantage of such combinations or alliances. Our competitors also may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than wecan to new or changing opportunities, standards or consumer preferences. Our results of operations and market position may be adversely impacted by ourcompetitors and the competitive pressures in the menswear industries.Failure to effectively promote or develop our brand could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.We sell all our products under the KBS brand, from which we derive most of our revenues. Brand image is an important factor that affects a customer’s purchasingdecision for menswear products. Our success therefore depends on, among other things, market recognition and acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture,lifestyle, and images associated with the brand, some of which may not be within our control. We have limited control over our distributors that we rely upon to sellour products, which may limit our ability to ensure a consistent brand image. See “Risks Factors Related to Our Business –We have limited control over the ultimateretail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhere to, or fail to cause the third party retail outletoperators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.” We began designing, promoting, and selling KBS branded products in China in 2006. To effectivelypromote KBS brand, we need build and maintain the brand image by focusing on a variety of promotional and marketing activities to promote brand awareness, aswell as to increase its presence in the markets in which we compete. There is no assurance that we will be able to effectively promote or develop KBS brand, and ifwe fail to do so, the goodwill of KBS brand may be undermined and our business as well as our financial results may be adversely affected. In addition, negativepublicity or disputes regarding KBS brand, products, company, or management could materially and adversely affect public perception of KBS brand. Any impact onour ability to continue to sell KBS brand or any significant damage to KBS brand’s image could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends on the continued service of our senior executives and other key employees. In particular, we rely on the expertise, experience,and business contacts, of Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ms. Lixia Tu, our Director and Chief Financial Officer and Mr. ThemisKalapotharakos, our director. If one or more of our senior executives are unable or unwilling to continue to work for us in their present positions, we may have tospend a considerable amount of time and resources searching, recruiting, and integrating the replacements into our operations, which would substantially divertmanagement’s attention from and severely disrupt the Company business. This may also adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategy. Moreover, ifany of our senior executives joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, suppliers and key employees.Failure to execute our business expansion plan could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.A large part of our initial growth resulted from an increase in the number of our retail sales outlets, including corporate and franchised stores, and the increased salesvolume and profitability provided by these sales outlets. The number of our sales outlets increased from 8 in 2006 to 33 in year 2018.5Table of ContentsWe have our factory located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China, consisting of an aggregate of 110,457 square meters of land. Currently the facility there has aproduction capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year and can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces original equipmentmanufacturer (OEM) products for online stores, regional apparel brands and overseas orders. The construction commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases:Phase 1 consists of the construction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We havecompleted the construction of facilities of Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Phase 3 construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has beendelayed because the local government needs additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Because the time forthe government to resolve this matter is uncertain, we wrote off the land use right of the third parcel of land from account balance, according to the internationalframework reporting standard. Phase 4 includes building production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quartersand living facilities on the third parcel of land. As a result, our commitments to this facility may reduce our liquidity for an indefinite period and until it is completed.We could also indefinitely lose opportunities to expand our sales due to any further delay of our construction.The decision to increase our production capacity was based in part on our projections of market demand for our products and OEM orders from other brand nameowners. If actual customer demand does not meet our projections, we will likely suffer overcapacity problems and may have to leave capacity idle or need to contractout our facilities at an unfavorable price, which may reduce our overall profitability and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our futuresuccess depends on our ability to expand the Company’s business to address growth in demand for our current and future products.Our ability to expand the Company’s business is subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including:●the unavailability of additional funding to invest more in brand recognition such as advertisement, expand our production capacity, purchase additionalfixed assets and purchase raw materials on favorable terms or at all;●our inability to manage an online shop, hire qualified personnel and establish distribution methods;●conditions in the commercial real estate market existing at the time we seek to expand;●delays and cost overruns as a result of a number of factors, many of which may be beyond our control, such as problems with equipment vendors andcontract manufacturers;●failure to maintain high quality control standards;●shortage of raw materials;●our inability to obtain, or delays in obtaining, required approvals by relevant government authorities;●diversion of significant management attention and other resources; and●failure to execute our expansion plan effectively.The expansion of our business may place significant strain on our personnel, management, financial systems and operational infrastructure and may impede ourability to meet any increased demand for our products. To accommodate the Company’s growth, we will need to implement a variety of new and upgradedoperational and financial systems, procedures, and controls, including improvements to our accounting and other internal management systems, by dedicatingadditional resources to our reporting and accounting function and improvements to our record keeping and contract tracking system. We will also need to recruitmore personnel and train and manage our growing employee base. Furthermore, we will need to maintain and expand relationships with our current and futurecustomers, suppliers, distributors and other third parties, and there is no guarantee that we will succeed.In the future, we also intend to invest more resources to research and purchase online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that we will have betteropportunities to expand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores. In addition, we will keep on exploring other areas and business models, such as theuse of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends.If we encounter any of the risks described above or if we are otherwise unable to establish or successfully operate online shops or additional production capacity,we may be unable to grow our business and revenues, reduce our operating costs, maintain our competitiveness or improve our profitability and, consequently, ourbusiness, financial condition, results of operations and prospects will be adversely affected.6Table of ContentsIf we are unable to fund capital expenditures or obtain additional sources of liquidity when we need it, our business may be adversely affected. In addition, ifwe obtain equity financing, the issuance of our equity securities could cause dilution for our stockholders. To the extent we obtain the financing through theissuance of debt securities, our debt service obligations could increase, and we may become subject to restrictive operating and financial covenants.We anticipate that we will make substantial capital investments to expand our business within the next 3 years. There is no assurance that we will have sufficientcash to fund our anticipated capital expenditures. If we need but are unable to obtain adequate financing with on terms favorable to us, we may be unable tosuccessfully maintain our operations and accomplish our growth strategy. In addition, we may be unable to generate sufficient cash internally or obtain alternativesources of capital to fund our proposed capital expenditures, take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures. As a result, we mayseek to sell additional equity securities, debt securities, or borrow from lending institutions. Any issuance of equity securities could cause dilution for ourstockholders. Any incurrence of indebtedness could increase our debt service obligations and cause us to be subject to restrictive operating and financecovenants. Our ability to obtain external financing in the future is also subject to a number of uncertainties, including:●Our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;●general market conditions for financing activities by companies in our industry;●economic, political and other conditions in China and elsewhere; and●uncertain economic prospect and tightened credit markets resulting from the recent global economic slowdown and financial market crisis.If we are unable to obtain funding in a timely manner or on commercially acceptable terms, or at all, our growth prospects and future profitability may be materiallyadversely affected. Adverse changes in the capital markets could make it difficult to obtain capital or obtain it at attractive rates.Our past results may not be indicative of our future performance and evaluating our business and prospects may be difficult.Our business has gone through various stages of the business life cycle in recent years as demonstrated by our growth in net sales, which reached $99.6 million forthe year ended December 31, 2013, while in 2014 our net sales decreased by 40% to $58.8 million and in year 2015 net sales went up slightly by 4.3% to $61.3 million,our net sales decreased by 32.8% to $41.2 million in 2016, net sales decreased 42% to $23.8 million in 2017 and net sales further decreased 22% to $18.53 million in2018. The decrease in sales in 2016, 2017 and 2018 as compared with 2013 was mainly due to the slowdown of the Chinese economic growth and a challenging retailenvironment. As a result, we cannot assure that we will be able to achieve similar growth in future periods as recent years before 2014, and our historical operatingresults may not provide a meaningful basis for evaluating our business, financial performance and prospects. Moreover, our ability to achieve satisfactoryproduction results at higher volumes is unproven. Therefore, you should not rely on our past results or our historical rate of growth as an indication of our futureperformance.We experience fluctuations in operating results.Our annual and quarterly operating results have fluctuated, and are expected to continue to fluctuate. Among the factors that may cause our operating results tofluctuate are customers’ response to merchandise offerings, the timing of the rollout of new sales outlets, seasonal variations in sales, the timing of merchandisereceipts, the level of merchandise returns, changes in merchandise mix and presentation, our cost of merchandise, unanticipated operating costs, and other factorsbeyond our control, such as general economic conditions and actions of competitors.We have historically experienced seasonal fluctuations in our sales. A substantial portion of our revenues are typically earned during the second and fourthquarters and we generally experience lowest revenues during the first and third quarters. If sales during the second and fourth quarters are lower than expected, ouroperating results would be adversely affected, and it would have a disproportionately large impact on our annual operating results. The sales of our products arealso affected by local spending behavior, which are typically affected by seasonal shopping patterns during major Chinese holidays.7Table of ContentsAs a result of these factors, we believe that periodtoperiod comparisons of historical and future results will not necessarily be meaningful and should not be reliedon as an indication of future performance.Our failure to collect the trade receivables or untimely collection could affect our liquidity.Our distributors place advance purchase orders twice a year. From 2015 to 2018, we typically expect and receive payment within 30180 days of product delivery. Inaddition, approximately 83.2% of accounts receivables are within a 180 days credit term. Starting in September 2015, we extended credit to some of our customers to150180 days without requiring collaterals. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of the financial condition of our customers and we generally require no collateralfrom our distributors and authorized retailers to secure their payment obligations. However, our sales going forward may rely more heavily on credit, and if weencounter future problems collecting amounts due from our clients or if we experience delays in the collection of amounts due from our clients, our liquidity could benegatively affected.The Chinese economy experienced a softening of economic growth, and the apparel industry is also facing a downturn. The impact of the current and possiblefuture economic downturn on our distributors cannot be predicted and may be severe, causing a significant impact on their business. As a result, our financialcondition and result of operations could be negatively affected. In addition, if they cannot continue their orders of our products due to the failure of paying us forits previous purchases, our brand image and reputation may be materially negatively affected as well.We rely on distributors for a substantial portion of our sales and the loss of any of our large distributors would harm our business. A substantial portion of our sales are made to distributors that resell our products. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, distributors accounted forapproximately 67% and 73% of our total sales, respectively, and our top five distributors accounted for approximately 23.8% and 34.8% of our total sales,respectively. The marketing efforts of our distributors are critical for our success. If we fail to attract additional distributors, and our existing distributors do notpromote our products at the same or at a greater level than the products of our competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could beadversely affected.Furthermore, there is no assurance that any of our distributors will satisfy the sales targets set forth in their distribution agreements and we or they may not wish torenew the distribution agreements in future years. Moreover, our distributors are not obliged to continue to place orders with the Company at the same level asbefore or at all and there is no assurance that we would be able to obtain orders from other distributors to replace any such lost sales on terms satisfactory to us orall. If any of our largest distributors substantially reduces its purchases from us, or otherwise fails to renew its distribution agreement with us, we may suffer asignificant loss of sales and our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We have limited control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhereto, or fail to cause the third party retail outlet operators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.We rely on the contractual obligations set forth in the distribution agreements that we enter into with our distributors, as well as policies and standards we formulatefrom time to time, to impose our retail policies on these distributors in respect of the franchisee retail outlets. In addition, as we do not enter into any agreementswith the third party retail outlet operators, we rely on our distributors to ensure that these franchisee retail outlets operate in accordance with our retail policies. Assuch, our control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and the franchisee retail outlet operators is limited. There is no assurance that our distributors orthe third party franchisee retail outlet operators will comply with, or that the distributors will enforce, our retail policies. As a result, we may not be able to effectivelymanage our sales network or maintain a uniform brand image, and cannot assure you that franchisee retail outlets would continue to offer quality services toconsumers.8Table of ContentsIn addition, if any of the distributors or third party franchisee retail outlet operators experiences difficulties in selling our products in the retail market, they mayattempt to disregard our pricing policies and liquidate their excessive inventory buildup through aggressive discounts, which may damage the image and the valueof our brand. There is no assurance that we will be able to, in a timely manner, impose penalties on or replace any distributors who consistently fail to comply with,or fail to cause the third party franchisee retail outlet operators appointed by them to comply with, our retail policies in their operation of franchisee retail outlets. Insuch event, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We may not be able to accurately track the inventory levels at our distributors, retailers or department store concessions.Our ability to track the sales by our distributors to thirdparty retailers and the ultimate retail sales by the retailers, and consequently their respective inventorylevels, is limited. We implement a policy to require our distributors to provide us with their sales reports on a weekly basis and we carry out random onsiteinspections of our distributors to track their inventories. The purpose of tracking the inventory level is mainly to gather information regarding the market acceptanceof our products so that we can reflect consumers’ preferences in the design and development of our products for the next season. The tracking of inventory levelalso helps us to understand the market recognition of our products in a particular region, and thus allows us to adjust our marketing strategy if necessary. Theimplementation of the policy, however, requires the distributors to accurately report the relevant data to us in a timely manner, which is largely dependent on thecooperation of the Company’s distributors. We may not always obtain the required data in time and the data provided to us by our distributors may be inaccurate orincomplete.Inaccurate, mistaken, incomplete or delayed data regarding inventory levels may mislead the Company to make wrong business judgments for its production,marketing efforts and sales strategies. If that happens, our operations and financial results may be materially adversely affected. In addition, if we cannot manageinventory levels properly, future orders of our products may be reduced, which would materially adversely affect our future business, financial condition, results ofoperation and prospects.Our operations could be materially adversely affected if we fail to effectively manage our relationships with, or lose the services of, our OEM contractmanufacturers.The production of our brand name products are 100% outsourced to PRCbased thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2018 and2017 we had 5 and 6 contract manufacturers, respectively. Purchases from our top five OEM contract manufacturers accounted for approximately 92% and 88.6% ofour total purchases for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As we do not enter into longterm contracts with our OEM contractmanufacturers, they may decide not to accept our future OEM orders on the same or similar terms, or at all. If an OEM contract manufacturer decides to substantiallyreduce its volume of supply to us or to terminate its business relationship with us, we may not be able to find a proper replacement in a timely manner and may beforced to default on the agreements with our distributors that sell our products. This may negatively impact our revenues and adversely affect our reputation andrelationships with our distributors that sell our products, causing a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.Further, if any of our OEM contract manufacturers fails to provide the required number of products meeting our quality standards, we may have to delay delivery ofproducts to our distributors, become unable to supply products at all, or even recall products previously dispatched. This could cause the Company to loserevenues or market share and damage our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operationsand prospects. In addition, some OEM contract manufacturers may not fully comply with certain laws, such as labor and environmental laws. If any of our OEMcontract manufacturers is found to have violated laws and regulations in the PRC, media reports on such violations may negatively affect our reputation and image,resulting in material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.9Table of ContentsWhile we provide the designs of our products to the OEM contract manufacturers, as well as guidance for manufacturing the products ordered by us, we do nothave direct control over the OEM contract manufacturers. If any of them is involved in unauthorized production and sale of goods using the KBS brand, ourreputation, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.As the Company grows, our reliance on OEM contract manufacturers may also grow as our added production capacity may not be sufficient to keep pace with theincreased production requirements driven by our growth. We may not be able to find sufficient additional OEM contract manufacturers to produce our products onthe same or similar terms as our existing OEM contract manufacturers, and we may not be able to achieve our growth and development goals.Any interruption in our operations could impair our financial performance and negatively affect our brand. Our operations are complicated and integrated, involving the coordination of thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers and external distribution processes. Whilethese operations are modified on a regular basis in an effort to improve outsourcing and distribution efficiency and flexibility, we may experience difficulties incoordinating the various aspects of our operations processes, thereby causing downtime and delays. In addition, we may encounter interruption in our operationsprocesses due to a catastrophic loss or events beyond our control, such as fires, explosions, labor disturbances or violent weather conditions. Any interruptions inour operations or capabilities at our facilities could result in our inability to procure our products, which would reduce our net sales and earnings for the affectedperiod. If there are delays in delivery times to our customers, our business and reputation could be severely affected. Any significant delays in deliveries to ourcustomers could lead to increased returns or cancellations and cause the Company to lose future sales. The Company currently does not have business interruptioninsurance to offset these potential losses, delays and risks so a material interruption of our business operations could severely damage our business.We rely heavily on our management information system for inventory management, distribution and other functions. If our system fail to perform thesefunctions adequately or if we experience an interruption in our operation, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. The efficient operation of our business is dependent on our management information systems. We rely heavily on our management information systems to manageour order entry, order fulfillment, pricing, pointofsale and inventory replenishment processes. We cannot assure you that our management information system will operate properly or without interruption. Any malfunction to any part or all of our managementinformation system for a prolonged period may cause delays in operations or impairment of our overall business efficiency. We also cannot ensure that the level ofsecurity currently maintained will be sufficient to protect the system from third party intrusions, viruses, lost or stolen data, or similar situations. Additionally, aspart of our growth and development strategy over the next few years, we plan to upgrade and improve our management information system. We cannot assure youthat there will be no interruptions to our management information system during the upgrades or that the new management information system will be able tointegrate fully with the existing information system. The failure of our management information system to perform as we anticipate could disrupt our business and could result in decreased revenue, increased overheadcosts and excess or outofstock inventory levels, causing our business and results of operations to suffer materially. Failure to protect the integrity, security and use of our customers’ information and media could expose us to litigation and materially damage our standingwith our customers. Increasing costs associated with information security — such as increased investment in technology, the costs of compliance with consumer protection laws andcosts resulting from consumer fraud — could cause our business and results of operations to suffer materially. While we have taken significant steps to protectcustomer and confidential information, including entering into confidentiality agreements with relevant employees and incorporate confidentiality clauses in ourpolicies, there can be no assurance that advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments will prevent thecompromise of our customer transaction processing capabilities and personal data. If any such compromise of our security were to occur, it could have a materialadverse effect on our reputation, operating results and financial condition. Any such compromise may materially increase the costs we incur to protect against suchinformation security breaches and could subject us to additional legal risk. Procurement specialists and managers are required to sign a confidentiality agreement. 10Table of ContentsWe have limited insurance coverage in China and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses. Operation of our facilities involves many risks, including equipment failures, natural disasters, industrial accidents, power outages, labor disturbances and otherbusiness interruptions. We do not carry any business interruption insurance, product recall or thirdparty liability insurance for our production facilities or withrespect to our products to cover claims pertaining to personal injury or property or environmental damage arising from defects in our products, product recalls,accidents on our property or damage relating to our operations. While business interruption insurance and other types of insurance are available to a limited extentin China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of such insurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commerciallyreasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Therefore, our existing insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all risks associatedwith our business. As a result, we may be required to pay for financial and other losses, damages and liabilities, including those caused by natural disasters andother events beyond our control, out of our own funds, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our inability to protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights may prevent us from successfully marketing our products and competingeffectively. We believe our trademarks and other intellectual property rights are important to our success and competitive position and recognize the importance of registeringthe trademarks related to our KBS brand for protection against infringement. We currently hold two registered trademarks. Failure to protect our intellectual propertycould harm our brand and our reputation, and adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. Further, enforcing or defending our intellectual property rights,including our trademarks, patents, copyrights and trade secrets, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. We produce, marketand sell our products under registered trademarks. We regard our intellectual property, particularly our trademarks and trade secrets to be of considerable value andimportance to our business and our success. We rely on a combination of trademark, patent, and trade secrecy laws, and contractual provisions to protect ourintellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect these proprietary rights will be adequate or that third parties will notinfringe or misappropriate our trademarks, trade secrets or similar proprietary rights. In addition, there can be no assurance that other parties will not assertinfringement claims against us, and we may have to pursue litigation against other parties to assert our rights. Any such claim or litigation could be costly, and wemay lack the resources required to defend against such claims. In addition, any event that would jeopardize our proprietary rights or any claims of infringement bythird parties could have a material adverse effect on our ability to market or sell our brands, and profitably exploit our products.Environmental regulations impose substantial costs and limitations on our operations. We use chemicals and produce significant emissions in our manufacturing operations. As such, we are subject to various national and local environmental laws andregulations in China concerning issues such as air emissions, wastewater discharges, and solid waste management and disposal. These laws and regulations canrestrict or limit our operations and expose us to liability and penalties for noncompliance. While we believe that our facilities are in material compliance with allapplicable environmental laws and regulations, the risks of substantial unanticipated costs and liabilities related to compliance with these laws and regulations arean inherent part of our business. It is possible that future conditions may develop, arise or be discovered that create new environmental compliance or remediationliabilities and costs. While we believe that we can comply with existing environmental legislation and regulatory requirements and that the costs of compliance havebeen included within budgeted cost estimates, compliance may prove to be more limiting and costly than anticipated.We may be unable to establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, and, as a result, we may be unable to accuratelyreport our financial results or prevent fraud.We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities law. The SEC as required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (“SOX 404”), adoptedrules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal control over financial reporting in its annual report, which mustalso contain management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, the independent registered publicaccounting firm auditing the financial statements of a company that is not a nonaccelerated filer under Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act must also attest to theoperating effectiveness of the company’s internal controls.11Table of ContentsFailure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could result in our inability to accurately report our financial results, prevent or detect fraudor provide timely and reliable financial and other information pursuant to the reporting obligations we have as a public company, which could have a materialadverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, it could cause our investors to lose confidence in the information we report,which could adversely affect our stock price.RISKS RELATED TO DOING BUSINESS IN CHINAOur business operation may be affected if we are forced to relocate our manufacturing facilities and stores.We leased the premises for our office located in Shishi and one corporate store. However, none of our lease agreements have been registered with the relevantgovernmental agencies. According to our PRC legal counsel, without registration, our rights to use and occupy the premises may not be secured if any third partiessuch as other tenants who have registered their lease agreements challenge us under PRC law. Moreover, while we have taken various measures to verify theownership of property such as checking utility bills and search government records, most of our landlords have declined to confirm whether they possess theproperty ownership certificates and land use rights certificates for our properties. As a result, we have been unable to verify whether third parties may assert theirownership rights under PRC law against most of our landlords or challenge most of our leases in the future. If our rights to use the premises are challenged, we maybe forced to relocate to other premises. We may not be able to relocate to a suitable premise promptly or lease alternative premises on terms at least as favorable asour existing ones. In addition, relocation costs and interruption of production may have a material adverse effect on our business operation and financialperformance.Changes in the economic and political policies of the PRC government could have a material and adverse effect on our business and operations.We conduct substantially all our business operations in China. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are significantly dependenton economic and political developments in China. China’s economy differs from the economies of developed countries in many aspects, including the level ofdevelopment, growth rate and degree of government control over foreign exchange and allocation of resources. While China’s economy has experienced significantgrowth in the past 30 years, the growth has been uneven across different regions and periods and among various economic sectors in China. We cannot assure youthat China’s economy will continue to grow, or that if there is growth, such growth will be steady and uniform, or that if there is a slowdown, such slowdown will nothave a negative effect on its business and results of operations.The PRC government exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, control over payment of foreign currencydenominated obligations, implementation of monetary policy, and preferential treatment of particular industries or companies. Certain measures adopted by the PRCgovernment may restrict loans to certain industries, such as changes in the statutory deposit reserve ratio and lending guidelines for commercial banks by thePeople’s Bank of China, or PBOC. These current and future government actions could materially affect our liquidity, access to capital, and ability to operate ourbusiness.The global financial markets experienced significant disruptions in 2008 and the United States, Europe and other economies went into recession. Since 2012, growthof the Chinese economy has slowed. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources.Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy but may also have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operation could bematerially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, any stimulusmeasures designed to boost the Chinese economy, may contribute to higher inflation, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.See “Risks Related to Doing Business in China Future inflation in China may inhibit our ability to conduct business in China.”12Table of ContentsUncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the legal protections available to you and us.We conduct substantially all of our business through our operating subsidiaries in the PRC. Our operating subsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulationsapplicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws applicable to foreigninvested enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes, andprior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, a series of new PRC laws and regulations have significantlyenhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, since the PRC legal system continues to evolve rapidly, theinterpretations of many laws, regulations, and rules are not always uniform, and enforcement of these laws, regulations, and rules involve uncertainties, which maylimit legal protections available to you and us. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources andmanagement attention. In addition, most of our executive officers and directors are residents of China and not of the United States, and substantially all the assets ofthese persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it could be difficult for investors to affect service of process in the United States or to enforce ajudgment obtained in the United States against our Chinese operations and subsidiaries.You may have difficulty enforcing judgments against us.Most of our assets are located outside of the United States and most of our current operations are conducted in the PRC. In addition, most of our directors andofficers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons is located outside the UnitedStates. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce inU.S. courts judgments on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, most of whom are not residents inthe United States and the substantial majority of whose assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts ofthe PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts. Our counsel as to PRC law has advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgmentsare provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. Courts in China may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRCCivil Procedures Law based on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have anytreaties or other arrangements that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments with the United States. In addition, according to thePRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violatesbasic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security, or the public interest. So, it is uncertain whether a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by acourt in the United States.The PRC government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities.The PRC government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and stateownership. Our ability to operate in China may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, import and export tariffs,environmental regulations, land use rights, property, and other matters. We believe that our operations in China are in material compliance with all applicable legaland regulatory requirements. However, the central or local governments of the jurisdictions in which we operate may impose new, stricter regulations orinterpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations orinterpretations.Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision not to continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more centrally plannedeconomy or regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant effect on economic conditions in China or particularregions thereof and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then hold in Chinese properties or joint venturesRestrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our sales effectively. The majority of our sales will be settled in RMB and U.S. dollars, and any future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit our ability to use revenue generated inRMB to fund any future business activities outside China or to make dividend or other payments in U.S. dollars. Although the Chinese government introducedregulations in 1996 to allow greater convertibility of the RMB for current account transactions, significant restrictions still remain, including primarily the restrictionthat foreigninvested enterprises may only buy, sell or remit foreign currencies after providing valid commercial documents, at those banks in China authorized toconduct foreign exchange business. In addition, conversion of RMB for capital account items, including direct investment and loans, is subject to governmentalapproval in China, and companies are required to open and maintain separate foreign exchange accounts for capital account items. We cannot be certain that theChinese regulatory authorities will not impose more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of the RMB in the future.13Table of ContentsFluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.The value of our securities will be indirectly affected by the foreign exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and RMB and between those currencies and othercurrencies in which our sales may be denominated. Appreciation or depreciation in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial resultsreported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations. Fluctuations in the exchange rate will alsoaffect the relative value of any dividend we issue that will be exchanged into U.S. dollars, as well as earnings from, and the value of, any U.S. dollardenominatedinvestments we make in the future.Since July 2005, the RMB has no longer been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Since then the RMB has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly andunpredictably, and in recent years the RMB has depreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progresstowards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate systemand there is no guarantee that the RMB will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how marketforces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future.Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedgingtransactions. While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited, and we may not beable to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition, our foreign currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrictour ability to convert RMB into foreign currencies. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends and other distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you, and otherwise fund and conduct our business. Substantially all of our sales are earned by our PRC subsidiaries. However, PRC regulations restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make dividends and otherpayments to their offshore parent companies. PRC legal restrictions permit payments of dividends by our PRC subsidiaries only out of their accumulated aftertaxprofits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are also required under PRC laws and regulations toallocate at least 10% of their annual aftertax profits determined in accordance with PRC GAAP to a statutory general reserve fund until the amounts in said fundreaches 50% of their registered capital. Allocations to these statutory reserve funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not transferable to us in the formof loans, advances, or cash dividends. Any limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to transfer funds to us could materially and adversely limit our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends and otherwise fund and conduct our business.PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary toliability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital ordistribute profits.SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing andRoundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as “SAFECircular 75” promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of the SAFE in connection with theirdirect establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets orequity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a “special purpose vehicle.” SAFE Circular 37 furtherrequires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capitalcontributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in aspecial purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profitdistributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent crossborder foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted inits ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described abovecould result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for theForeign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015 by SAFE, local banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration foroverseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under SAFE Circular 37 from June 1, 2015.14Table of ContentsAccording to SAFE Circular 37, our shareholders or beneficial owners, who are PRC residents, are subject to SAFE Circular 37 or other foreign exchangeadministrative regulations in respect of their investment in our company. We have notified substantial beneficial owners of ordinary shares who we know are PRCresidents of their filing obligations. Nevertheless, we may not be aware of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. We do not havecontrol over our beneficial owners and there can be no assurance that all of our PRCresident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE Circular 37 and subsequentimplementation rules, and there is no assurance that the registration under SAFE Circular 37 and any amendment will be completed in a timely manner, or will becompleted at all. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their foreign exchange registrations in a timely manner pursuant toSAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with theregistration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to fines andlegal sanctions. Such failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiary and limitour PRC subsidiary’s ability to distribute dividends to our company. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and resultsof operations.Furthermore, SAFE Circular 37 is unclear how this regulation, and any future regulation concerning offshore or crossborder transactions, will be interpreted,amended and implemented by the relevant PRC government authorities, and we cannot predict how these regulations will affect our business operations or futurestrategy. Failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRCsubsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to us. These risks could in the future have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results ofoperations.We may be unable to complete a business combination transaction efficiently or on favorable terms due to complicated merger and acquisition regulationswhich became effective on September 8, 2006.On August 9, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the China Securities Regulatory Commission, promulgated the Regulation on Mergers and Acquisitionsof Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006, and was subsequently amended in 2009. This regulation, among otherthings, governs the approval process of a PRC company’s participation in an acquisition of assets or equity interests. Depending on the structure of the transaction,the regulation requires the PRC parties to make a series of applications and supplemental applications to the government agencies for approval of acquisition ofassets or equity interests from other entity. In some instances, the application process may require a presentation of economic data concerning the transaction,including appraisals of the target business and evaluations of the acquirer, which are designed to allow the government to assess viability of the transaction.Government approvals will have expiration dates, by which a transaction must be completed and reported to the government agencies. Compliance with theregulation is likely to be more time consuming and expensive than it was in the past, and provides the government more controls over business combination of twoenterprises. As a result, our ability to engage in business combination transactions has become significantly more complicated, time consuming, and expensive. Wemay not be able to negotiate a transaction that is acceptable to our stockholders or sufficiently protect their interests in a transaction.The regulation allows PRC governmental agencies to assess the economic terms of a business combination transaction. Parties to a business combinationtransaction may have to submit to MOFCOM and other relevant government agencies an appraisal report, an evaluation report, and the acquisition agreement, all ofwhich were a part of the application for approval, depending on the structure of the transaction. The regulation also prohibits a transaction with an acquisition priceobviously lower than the appraised value of the PRC business or assets and in certain transaction structures, and requires consideration being paid within a definedperiod, generally not in excess of a year. The regulation also limits our ability to negotiate various terms of the acquisition, including the initial consideration,contingent consideration, holdback provisions, indemnification provisions, and provisions related to the assumption and allocation of assets and liabilities.Transaction structures involving trusts, nominees and similar entities are prohibited. Therefore, such regulation may impede our ability to negotiate and complete abusiness combination transaction on financial terms that satisfy our investors and protect our stockholders’ economic interests.15Table of ContentsPRC regulation of loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion mayrestrict or prevent us from using the proceeds of our future financings to make loans to our PRC subsidiaries, or to make additional capital contributions toour PRC subsidiary.We, as an offshore holding company, are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC subsidiary, which are treated as foreigninvestedenterprises under PRC laws, through loans or capital contributions. However, loans by us to any PRC subsidiary to finance its activities cannot exceed statutorylimits and must be registered with the local counterpart of SAFE and capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary are subject to the requirement of making necessaryfilings in the Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System, and registration with other governmental authorities in China.SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital ofForeigninvested Enterprises, or Circular 19, effective on June 1, 2015, in replacement of the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvementof the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign Invested Enterprises, or Circular 142, the Notice from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Exchange Businesses, or Circular 59, and theCircular on Further Clarification and Regulation of the Issues Concerning the Administration of Certain Capital Account Foreign Exchange Businesses, orCircular 45. According to Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of a foreigninvestedcompany is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans, the repayment of interenterprise loans or the repayment ofbank loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of aforeign invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within the PRC, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFEwill permit such capital to be used for equity investments in the PRC in actual practice. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, whichreiterates some of the rules set forth in Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registeredcapital of a foreigninvested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to grant loans to nonassociated enterprises.Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. Circular 19 and Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer anyforeign currency we hold, including the net proceeds from our future financings, to our PRC subsidiary, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability tofund and expand our business in the PRC.Due to the restrictions imposed on loans in foreign currencies extended to any PRC domestic companies, we are not likely to make such loans to any of our PRCsubsidiaries. Meanwhile, we are not likely to finance the activities of our subsidiaries by means of capital contributions given the restrictions on foreign investmentin the businesses that are currently conducted by our subsidiaries.In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannotassure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, withrespect to future loans to our PRC subsidiary or any consolidated variable interest entity or future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiary. As a result,uncertainties exist as to our ability to provide prompt financial support to our PRC subsidiaries when needed. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain suchapprovals, our ability to use foreign currency, including the proceeds we received from our future financings, and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operationsmay be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.16Table of ContentsAny failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal oradministrative sanctions.Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas nonpubliclylisted companies may submit applications to SAFE orits local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. In the meantime, our directors, executive officers andother employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year, subject to limitedexceptions, and who have been granted restricted shares, options or restricted share units, or RSUs, by us or our overseas listed subsidiaries may follow the Noticeon Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company,issued by SAFE in February 2012, to apply for the foreign exchange registration. According to those regulations, employees, directors and other managementmembers participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC citizens residing in China for acontinuous period of not less than one year, subject to limited exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which may be aPRC subsidiary of the overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines andlegal sanctions and may also limit their ability to make payment under the relevant equity incentive plans or receive dividends or sales proceeds related thereto inforeign currencies, or our ability to contribute additional capital into our domestic subsidiaries in China and limit our domestic subsidiaries’ ability to distributedividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties under PRC law that could restrict our ability or the ability of our overseas listed subsidiaries to adoptadditional equity incentive plans for our directors and employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period ofnot less than one year, subject to limited exceptions.In addition, the State Administration of Taxation has issued circulars concerning employee share options, restricted shares or RSUs. Under these circulars,employees working in the PRC who exercise share options, or whose restricted shares or RSUs vest, will be subject to PRC individual income tax. The PRCsubsidiaries of an overseas listed company have obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authoritiesand to withhold individual income taxes of those employees related to their share options, restricted shares or RSUs. If the employees fail to pay, or the PRCsubsidiaries fail to withhold, their income taxes according to relevant laws, rules and regulations, the PRC subsidiaries may face sanctions imposed by the taxauthorities.Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a “resident enterprise” of China. Such classification will likely result in unfavorable taxconsequences to us and our nonPRC shareholders.On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress of China passed a new Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law. On November 28, 2007, the State Council ofChina passed its implementing rules, which took effect on January 1, 2008. Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto managementbodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise,” meaning that it can be treated in a manner similar to a Chinese enterprise for enterprise income taxpurposes. The implementing rules of the EIT Law define de facto management as “substantial and overall management and control over the production andoperations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise.On April 22, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice Concerning Relevant Issues Regarding Cognizance of Chinese Investment ControlledEnterprises Incorporated Offshore as Resident Enterprises. According to the Criteria of de facto Management Bodies, or the Notice, further interprets the applicationof the EIT Law and its implementation nonChinese enterprise or group controlled offshore entities. Pursuant to the Notice, an enterprise incorporated in an offshorejurisdiction and controlled by a Chinese enterprise or group will be classified as a “nondomestically incorporated resident enterprise” if (i) its senior management incharge of daily operations reside or perform their duties mainly in China; (ii) its financial or personnel decisions are made or approved by bodies or persons in China;(iii) its substantial assets and properties, accounting books, corporate chops, board and shareholder minutes are kept in China; and (iv) at least half of its directorswith voting rights or senior management often resident in China. A resident enterprise would be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on its worldwideincome and must pay a withholding tax at a rate of 10%, when paying dividends to its nonPRC shareholders. However, it remains unclear as to whether the Notice isapplicable to an offshore enterprise incorporated by a Chinese natural person, nor detailed measures on imposition of tax from nondomestically incorporatedresident enterprises are available. Therefore, it is unclear how tax authorities will determine tax residency based on the facts of each case.17Table of ContentsWe may be deemed to be a resident enterprise by Chinese tax authorities. If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for the PRCenterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on financingproceeds and nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although, under the EIT Law and its implementingrules, dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued a guidance with respect to the processingof outbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for the PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidanceissued with respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation, which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to ournonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC stockholders from transferring our shares.Our failure to fully comply with PRC laws relating to social insurance and housing accumulation fund may expose it to potential administrative penalties. The PRC laws and regulations require all employers in China to fully contribute their own portion to the social insurance and housing accumulation funds for theiremployees within a certain period of time. Failure to do so may expose the employers to make rectification for the unpaid contributions by the relevant laborauthority. As of the date of this report, Hongri PRC has not paid housing accumulation funds for its employees. In addition, Hongri PRC failed to make contributions to thesocial insurance in full amount for its employees before 2014. PRC governmental authorities may impose penalties on Hongri PRC for failure to comply. In addition, inthe event that any current or former employee files a complaint with the PRC government, Hongri PRC may be subject to making up the contributions to the socialinsurance and housing accumulation funds as well as paying administrative fines. The total cost of these contributions and any related fines or penalties could besignificant and could have a material adverse effect on our working capital. We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Chinese anticorruption laws, and any determination that we violated these lawscould have a material adverse effect on our business. We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act, or FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and theirofficials and political parties by U.S. persons and issuers as defined by the statute, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have operations,agreements with third parties, and make most of our sales in China. The PRC also strictly prohibits bribery of government officials. Our activities in China create therisk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company, even though they may not alwaysbe subject to our control. It is our policy to implement safeguards to discourage these practices by our employees. However, our existing safeguards and any futureimprovements may prove to be less than effective, and the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company may engage in conduct for whichwe might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA or Chinese anticorruption laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to otherliabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the U.S. government may seek to hold our Companyliable for successor liability FCPA violations committed by companies in which we invest or that we acquire. If we become directly subject to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.listed Chinese companies, we may have to expendsignificant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations, stock price and reputation, and could result in a loss ofyour investment in our stock, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favorably. In the past few years, U.S. publicly traded companies that have substantially all of their operations in China, particularly companies like us have been the subject ofintense scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators, and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism,and negative publicity has centered around financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, lacking effective internal controls over financial accounting,inadequate corporate governance policies or lacking of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, criticism, and negativepublicity, the publicly traded stocks of many U.S. listed Chinese companies have sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, have become virtually worthless.Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions, and are conducting internal and external investigations into theallegations. It is not clear the effect of this sectorwide scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity will have on our Company, our business, and our stock price. If webecome the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources toinvestigate such allegations defending our Company. This situation will be costly, time consuming, and distract our management from growing our company.18Table of ContentsThe disclosures in our reports and other filings with the SEC and our other public pronouncements will not be subject to the scrutiny of any regulatory bodiesin the PRC. Accordingly, our public disclosure should be reviewed in light of the fact that no governmental agency that is located in China where all of ouroperations and business are located have conducted any due diligence on our operations or reviewed or cleared any of our disclosure. Unlike public reporting companies whose operations are located primarily in the United States, however, all of our operations will be located in China. Since all of ouroperations and business takes place in China, it may be more difficult for the Staff of the SEC to overcome the geographic and cultural obstacles that are presentwhen reviewing our disclosure. These same obstacles are not present for similar companies whose operations or business take place entirely or primarily in theUnited States. Furthermore, our SEC reports and other disclosure and public pronouncements are not subject to the review or scrutiny of any PRC regulatoryauthority. For example, the disclosure in our SEC reports and other filings are not subject to the review of the CSRC, a PRC regulator that is tasked with oversight ofthe capital markets in China. Accordingly, you should review our SEC reports, filings and our other public pronouncements with the understanding that no localregulator has done any due diligence on our company and with the understanding that none of our SEC reports, other filings or any of our other publicpronouncements has been reviewed or otherwise been scrutinized by any local regulator. Proceedings instituted by the SEC against five PRCbased accounting firms could result in financial statements being determined to be not in compliance withthe requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.In December 2012, the SEC instituted proceedings under Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) of the SEC’s Rules of Practice against five PRCbased accounting firms alleging that thesefirms had violated U.S. securities laws and the SEC’s rules and regulations thereunder by failing to provide to the SEC the firms’ work papers related to their audits ofcertain PRCbased companies that are publicly traded in the United States. Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) grants to the SEC the authority to deny to any person, temporarily orpermanently, the ability to practice before the SEC who is found by the SEC, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, to have willfully violated, or willfully aidedand abetted the violation of, any such laws or rules and regulations. On January 22, 2014, an initial administrative law decision was issued, sanctioning four of theseaccounting firms and suspending them from practicing before the SEC for a period of six months. The sanction will not take effect until there is an order ofeffectiveness issued by the SEC. In February 2014, four of these PRCbased accounting firms filed a petition for review of the initial decision. In February 2015, eachof these four accounting firms agreed to a censure and to pay fine to the SEC to settle the dispute with the SEC. The settlement stays the current proceeding for fouryears, during which time the firms are required to follow detailed procedures to seek to provide the SEC with access to Chinese firms’ audit documents via the CSRC.If a firm does not follow the procedures, the SEC would impose penalties such as suspensions, or commence a new, expedited administrative proceeding against thenoncompliant firm or it could restart the administrative proceeding against all four firms.If our independent registered public accounting firm were denied, temporarily or permanently, the ability to practice before the SEC, and we are unable to find in atimely manner another registered public accounting firm which can audit and issue a report on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determinedto not be in compliance with the requirements for financial statements of public companies with a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the SEC’s revocation of the registration of our common stock under theExchange Act, which would cause the immediate delisting of our common stock from the NASDAQ Capital Market, and the effective termination of the tradingmarket for our common stock in the United States, which would likely have a significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.19Table of ContentsOur holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should we decide inthe future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depend upon the receipts of dividends or other payments fromour operating subsidiaries, other holdings, and investments. In addition, our operating subsidiaries, from time to time, may be subject to restrictions on their abilityto make distributions to us, including as a result of restrictive covenants in loan agreements, restrictions on the conversion of local currency into U.S. dollars orother hard currency, and other regulatory restrictions as discussed below. If future dividends are paid in RMB, fluctuations in the exchange rate for conversion ofRMB into U.S. dollars may reduce the amount received by the U.S. stockholders upon conversion of dividend payments into U.S. dollars.Chinese regulations currently permit the payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards andregulations. Our subsidiaries in China are also required to set aside a portion of their aftertax profits to fund certain reserve funds according to the Chineseaccounting standards and regulations. Currently, our subsidiaries in China are the only sources of revenues or investment holdings for the payment of dividends. Ifthey do not accumulate sufficient profits under Chinese accounting standards and regulations to satisfy certain reserve funds as required by the Chineseaccounting standards, we will be unable to pay any dividends.Aftertax profits/losses with respect to the payment of dividends from accumulated profits and the annual appropriation of aftertax profits as calculated pursuant tothe Chinese accounting standards and regulations do not result in significant differences as compared to aftertax earnings as presented in our financial statements.However, there are certain differences between PRC accounting standards and regulations and U.S. GAAP, arising from different treatment of items such asamortization of intangible assets and change in fair value of contingent consideration rising from business combinations.RISKS RELATED TO THIS OFFERING AND THE MARKET FOR OUR SECURITIES GENERALLYIf we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of NASDAQ, we would face possible delisting, which would result in a limited public market for ourshares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Our common stock is traded and listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “KBSF.” The common stock may be delisted if we fail to maintain certainNasdaq listing requirements. For instance, companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bidprice per share of $1.00 for 30 consecutive business days. On March 3, 2016, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the 30 consecutive businessdays between January 20, 2016 and March 2, 2016, the bid price of our common stock closed below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQListing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued inclusion on The NASDAQ Capital Market. In accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we had an initial graceperiod of 180 calendar days, or until August 30, 2016, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. After the Company effectuated a oneforfifteenreverse stock split of the outstanding common stock, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq on February 27, 2017 stating that because the Company maintainedthe closing bid price of its common stock at $1.00 per share or greater from February 9 to February 24, 2017, they determined that the Company has regainedcompliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement.We cannot ensure you that we will continue to comply with the requirements for continued listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If our commonstock is no longer listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market, our shares would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our shares could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, andsecurity analysts’ coverage of us may be reduced. In addition, in the event our shares are delisted, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed uponthem, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions in our shares, further limiting the liquidity of our shares. These factors could result in lowerprices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our shares. Such delisting from The NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our shareprice could also greatly impair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing, and could significantly increase the ownershipdilution to shareholders caused by our issuing equity in financing or other transactions.20Table of ContentsIf we were delisted from NASDAQ, we may become subject to the trading complications experienced by “Penny Stocks” in the overthecounter market.Delisting from NASDAQ may cause our shares of common stock to become the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. The SEC generally defines a penny stock as an equitysecurity that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. One such exemption is tobe listed on NASDAQ. The market price of our common stock is currently higher than $1.00 per share. However, because the daily trading volume in our commonstock is very low, significant price movement can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Therefore, were we to be delisted from NASDAQ,our common stock may become subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. These rules require, among other things, that any broker engaging in a purchase or sale ofour securities provide its customers with: (i) a risk disclosure document, (ii) disclosure of market quotations, if any, (iii) disclosure of the compensation of the brokerand its salespersons in the transaction and (iv) monthly account statements showing the market values of our securities held in the customer’s accounts. A brokerwould be required to provide the bid and offer quotations and compensation information before effecting the transaction. This information must be contained on thecustomer’s confirmation. Generally, brokers are less willing to effect transactions in penny stocks due to these additional delivery requirements. These requirementsmay make it more difficult for shareholders to purchase or sell our shares. Because the broker, not us, prepares this information, we would not be able to assure thatsuch information is accurate, complete or current.Trading in our shares over the last three months has been very limited, so our stock price is highly volatile, leading to the possibility that you may not be able tosell as much stock as you want at prevailing prices.Because approximately 70% of our then issued and outstanding shares of common stock was tendered in the tender offering closed on July 29, 2014, we currentlyhave a limited amount of shares eligible for public trading. The average daily trading volume in our common stock over the last three months is very limited. If limitedtrading in our common stock continues, it may be difficult for investors to sell their shares in the public market at any given time at prevailing prices. Moreover, themarket price for shares of our common stock may be made more volatile because of the relatively low volume of trading in our common stock. When trading volumeis low, significant price movement of our common stock can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Volatility in our common stock couldcause stockholders to incur substantial losses.Numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly.There are numerous additional factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly. Thesefactors include:●our earnings releases, actual or anticipated changes in our earnings, fluctuations in our operating results or our failure to meet the expectations of financialmarket analysts and investors;●changes in financial estimates by us or by any securities analysts who might cover our shares;●speculation about our business in the press or the investment community;●significant developments relating to our relationships with our customers or suppliers;●stock market price and volume fluctuations of other publicly traded companies and, in particular, those that are in our industries;●customer demand for our products;●investor perceptions of our industry in general and our company in particular;●the operating and stock performance of comparable companies;●general economic conditions and trends;●major catastrophic events;●announcements by us or our competitors of new products, significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships or divestitures;●changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretation or principles;●loss of external funding sources;●sales of our shares, including sales by our directors, officers or significant shareholders; and●additions or departures of key personnel.21Table of ContentsSecurities class action litigation is often instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their share price. This type of litigation could result insubstantial costs to us and divert our management’s attention and resources. Moreover, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price andvolume fluctuations for reasons unrelated to operating performance of particular companies. For example, in July 2008, the securities markets in the United States,China and other jurisdictions experienced the largest decline in share prices since September 2001. These market fluctuations may adversely affect the price of ourshares and other interests in our company at a time when you want to sell your interest in us.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and do not anticipate paying any cashdividends on our shares. Accordingly, investors must be prepared to rely on sales of their shares after price appreciation to earn an investment return, which maynever occur. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our shares. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion ofour Board of Directors, and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable laws, and otherfactors our board deems relevant.Certain of our shareholders hold a significant percentage of our outstanding voting securities.Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, is the beneficial owner of approximately 37% of our outstanding voting securities. As a result, hepossesses significant influence and can elect a majority of our board of directors and authorize or prevent proposed significant corporate transactions. Hisownership and control may also have the effect of delaying or preventing a future change in control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other businesscombination or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer.Our outstanding warrants may adversely affect the market price of our shares of common stock.There are currently 393,836 warrants outstanding. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50. The sale orpossibility of sale of the shares underlying the warrants could have an adverse effect on the market price for our shares of common stock or our ability to obtainfuture financing. If and to the extent these warrants are exercised, you may experience dilution to your holdings.You will not be able to exercise your redeemable warrants if we do not have an effective registration statement and a prospectus in place when you desire to doso.No redeemable warrants will be exercisable, and we will not be obligated to issue shares of common stock upon exercise of redeemable warrants by a holder unless,at the time of such exercise, we have a registration statement or posteffective amendment under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuableupon the exercise of the redeemable warrants and a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Under the terms of a redeemable warrant agreementbetween American Stock Transfer & Trust Company as warrant agent, and us, we have agreed to use our best efforts to have a registration statement in effectcovering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants from the date the redeemable warrants become exercisable and to maintain acurrent prospectus relating to shares of common stock until the redeemable warrants expire or are redeemed, and to take such action as is necessary to qualify theshares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants for sale in those states in which the IPO was initially qualified. However, we cannotassure you that we will be able to do so. We may be unable to have a registration statement in effect covering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of theredeemable warrants or to maintain a current prospectus relating to such shares of common stock if, for example, we lack the current financial statements necessaryto be included in such registration statement or prospectus. We have no obligation to settle the redeemable warrants for cash, in any event, and the redeemablewarrants may not be exercised and we will not deliver securities therefor in the absence of an effective registration statement and a prospectus available for use. Theredeemable warrants may be deprived of any value, the market for the redeemable warrants may be limited if there is no registration statement in effect covering theshares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the redeemable warrants or the prospectus relating to the shares of common stock issuable upon the exerciseof the redeemable warrants is not current and the redeemable warrants may expire worthless. If you are unable to exercise or sell your redeemable warrants, you willhave paid the full unit price for only the shares of common stock underlying the units.22Table of ContentsHolders of warrants included in the placement units may exercise these warrants even if an effective registration statement and a prospectus is not in place,which means they may be able to exercise such warrants while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.Unlike the warrants underlying the units issued in connection with our IPO, the warrants included in the placement units will not be restricted from being exercisedin the absence of a registration statement under the Securities Act in effect covering the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the such warrantsand a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Therefore, the holders thereof will be able to exercise such warrants regardless of whether the issuanceof the underlying shares of common stock is registered under the Securities Act, while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.We are a “foreign private issuer” and have disclosure obligations that are different than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. Therefore, you should notexpect to receive the same information about us as a U.S. domestic reporting company may provide. Furthermore, if we or lose our status as a foreign privateissuer, we would be required to fully comply with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers and incur significantoperational, administrative, legal, and accounting costs that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer.We are a foreign private issuer. As a result, we are not subject to certain of the requirements imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the SEC. For example, we arenot required by the SEC or the federal securities laws to issue quarterly reports or file proxy statements with the SEC. We are also allowed to file our annual reportwith the SEC within four months of our fiscal year end. We are also not required to disclose certain detailed information regarding executive compensation that isrequired from U.S. domestic issuers. Further, our directors and executive officers are not required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Securities Act. Asa foreign private issuer, we are also exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups ofinvestors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. We are, however, still subject to the antifraud and antimanipulation rules ofthe SEC, such as Rule 10b5. Since many of the disclosure obligations required of us as a foreign private issuer are different than those required by U.S. domesticreporting companies, our shareholders should not expect to receive all of the same types of information about us and at the same time as information is receivedfrom, or provided by, U.S. domestic reporting companies. We are liable for violations of the rules and regulations of the SEC, which do apply to us as a foreignprivate issuer. Violations of these rules could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain NASDAQ corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. Thismay afford less protection to holders of our securities.We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. As a foreign private issuer,we are permitted to follow the governance practices of our home country, the Republic of the Marshall Islands in lieu of certain corporate governance requirementsof Nasdaq. As result, the standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not requiredto:●have a compensation committee and a nominating committee to be comprised solely of “independent directors; and●hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the Company’s fiscal yearend.As a result, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.Future sales or perceived sales of our shares of common stock could depress our stock price.As of the date of this report, we have 2,591,299 shares of common stock outstanding. Many of these shares will become eligible for sale in the public market, subjectto limitations imposed by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. If the holders of these shares were to attempt to sell a substantial amount of their holdings at once, themarket price of our common stock could decline. Moreover, the perceived risk of this potential dilution could cause shareholders to attempt to sell their shares andinvestors to short the common stock, a practice in which an investor sells shares that he or she does not own at prevailing market prices, hoping to purchase shareslater at a lower price to cover the sale. As each of these events would cause the number of shares of our common stock being offered for sale to increase, ourcommon stock market price would likely further decline. All of these events could combine to make it very difficult for us to sell equity or equityrelated securities inthe future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.23Table of ContentsHolders of our securities may face difficulties in protecting their interests because we are incorporated under the Republic of the Marshall Islands law.We are a company incorporated under the laws of the Marshall Islands, and almost all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, majority of ourdirectors and officers, and their assets, are located outside of the United States. As a result, you may have difficulty serving legal process within the United Statesupon us or any of these persons. You may also have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside the United States, judgments you may obtain in U.S. courts against usor these persons in any action, including actions based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal or state securities laws. You may also have difficultybringing an original action in the appropriate court of the Marshall Islands to enforce liabilities against us or any person based upon the U.S. federal securities laws.Provisions of our articles of incorporation may impede a takeover or make it more difficult for shareholders to change the direction or management of theCompany, which could reduce shareholders’ opportunity to influence management of the Company.Our articles of incorporation permit our board of directors to issue up to five million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 from time to time, with suchrights and preferences as they consider appropriate. These terms may include voting rights including the right to vote as a series on particular matters, preferencesas to dividends and liquidation, conversion rights and redemption rights provisions. The issuance of any preferred stock could reduce the value of our commonstock. In addition, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell assets to, a third party. Theability of the board of directors to issue preferred stock could make it more difficult, delay, discourage, prevent or make it more costly to acquire or effect a changeincontrol, which in turn could prevent shareholders from recognizing a gain in the event that a favorable offer is extended and could materially and negatively affectthe market price of our common stock.ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANYA.History and Development of the CompanyWe are a Republic of the Marshall Islands Company incorporated under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BDA”) on January 26, 2012. We wereoriginally organized under the name “Aquasition Corp.” for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, orsimilar acquisition transaction, one or more operating businesses or assets. The address of the Company’s principal executive office is Xingfengge Building,Baogaiyupu Industrial Park, Shishi City, Fujian Province of china.On March 24, 2014, we entered into a share exchange agreement and plan of liquidation (the “Exchange Agreement”), with KBS International, Hongri International, athen wholly owned subsidiary of KBS International and Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, each an individual and shareholder of KBS International (each, a“Principal Stockholder”). The Exchange Agreement was subsequently amended on June 21, 2014. The transactions contemplated in the Exchange Agreement (the“Share Exchange”) were closed on August 1, 2014. At the closing, we acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interest in Hongri International from KBSInternational. In exchange, we issued an aggregate of 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company to KBS International. In addition, on July 29, 2014, wecompleted a tender offer related to the Share Exchange and redeemed the 332,116 shares of common stock validly tendered and not withdrawn. Pursuant to theExchange Agreement, KBS International was liquidated and dissolved in August 2014 and the 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company were distributed toeach shareholder of KBS International according to their respective ownership of KBS International. As a result, following the consummation of the Share Exchange,we had a total of 1,694,489 shares of common stock outstanding.24Table of ContentsOn October 31, 2014, we held a special shareholder meeting and amended our Articles of Incorporation to change our name to KBS Fashion Group Limited.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.On March 29, 2016, we granted an aggregate of 73,334 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their past services in 2015 and future services to be provided in 2016.On July 10, 2017, we granted an aggregate of 215,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company as compensationsfor their services.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their services.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 registered shares of common stock pursuant to our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to our executive officers,directors and certain employees as compensations for their services.On March 29, 2019, our board of directors approved the issuance of 15,000 shares of common stock to our Investor Relationship firm as compensation for theirservices. The issuance of the shares was made in reliance on the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), for theoffer and sale of securities not involving a public offering, and Regulation S promulgated thereunder. None of the shares have been registered under the Act andneither may be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.25Table of ContentsCorporate StructureAll of our business operations are conducted through our PRC subsidiaries. The chart below presents our corporate structure as of the date of this report. The Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regardingissuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.Our web site address is http://www.kbsfashion.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of thisAnnual Report.Principal Capital Expenditures and DivestituresFor the year ended December 31, 2018, our total capital expenditures and divestitures were $nil. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, our total capitalexpenditures and divestitures were $849,199 and $45,445, respectively. Such expenditures were primarily used construction of production facility and purchasing fireprotection facility. Our operating cash flow mainly funded these capital expenditures.B.Business OverviewWe are a leading casual menswear company in China with a demonstrated track record of designing, marketing, and selling our own line of fashion menswear. Ourproducts include men’s apparel, footwear and accessories, primarily targeting urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 in the Tier II and Tier III cities in China.Tier II cities generally refer to major cities located in each province of China other than the capital city of such province. Tier III cities generally refer to countylevelcities in China. Tier III cities that we focus on are the national top 100 county cities identified by the State Statistics Bureau of China each year. These cities arecharacterized by higher GDP, higher disposable income, better education and better infrastructure as compared with other countylevel cities.26Table of ContentsOur apparel products include outerwear, knitwear, denim, tops, bottoms, accessories and footwear. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products,each year with a different theme to highlight the current trends in menswear for the season.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by the company and 40 franchised stores operated by 14 third party distributors or their subdistributors. The number of stores has grown from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017and 2016, sales through our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues respectively, and sales through distributors and whole sellersaccounted for 73%, 66.5% and 78% of our revenues, respectively. Total revenue from corporate stores sales for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $7.0million for 2017 and $5.53 million for 2016.From 2009 through 2018, total net sales decreased from $28.1 million to $18.53 million while the net profit decreased from $9.0 million to a net loss of $8 million.Our Competitive StrengthsWe believe that the following competitive strengths enable us to compete effectively in and capitalize on the growing casual menswear industry in China.●There is a sizable market for our products. We believe that we have a sizeable potential market. Our target customers are male middleclass consumers inthe 2040 age range. According to the national census in 2018, the population in China between 1659 yearsold was approximately 900 million. Our targetgroup falls into this category and is estimated to be more than 200 million people. As a result of the growing affluence in the PRC and increased purchasingpower of the PRC population, we believe that PRC consumers are becoming more willing and able to purchase casual menswear. In addition, we believe thatthe purchasing decision of PRC consumers is becoming more predicated upon brand image, product design and style, rather than just price considerations.With rising affluence and improvement in lifestyle, we also believe the overall Chinese population is generally growing more brand name conscious andstyle oriented and has shown a propensity for increased spending on casual menswear.●We have a strong focus on design and product development. We believe that our inhouse design and product development capabilities allow us to createunique products that appeal to our customers. We have established a strong inhouse design and product development team of 20 employees as of April26, 2019. Our team identifies new fashion trends by attending fashion shows and exhibitions as well as by drawing from creative ideas in magazines andother media. Each spring and fall, we carefully plan and create a new product line for our fall/winter and spring/summer collections of 727 SKU thatencompasses our full range of product offerings, including outerwear, tops, bottoms and accessories. We introduce new design elements into our productlines each season. With our highly skilled and creative team of designers, we have extensive experience in creating unique designs to meet the preferencesand needs of our target customer base.●Our trademarked brand has earned a following in China. Our brand was developed in 2006. Our marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design andmade for Chinese.” Our customers are middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range. We believe that their products’ concept, marketing, design andpackaging fully match with the prowestern attitude and life styles of their target customers. We believe the KBS brand is essential to our success topenetrate to the casual menswear market in China.●We have an extensive and wellmanaged nationwide distribution network. We have an extensive distribution network throughout China. As of December31, 2018, we had 1 KBS branded corporate stores and 32 franchised stores across 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. TheKBS branded corporate stores are required to sell only our products. We have been building up our selected distributor network since 2007. As ofDecember 31, 2018, we had 11 distributors operating 32 franchised stores. All of our distributors have been working with us from 1 to 10 years. We selectour distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry, sales channels, business resources, brand promotioncapabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. Our distributors help us respond to changing consumer tastes in a timelymanner by providing regular feedback on our products at our semiannual sales fairs and frequent communications. The financial resources of ourdistributors allow us to expand our retail network with less working capital investment from us than would be required for establishing direct stores, as ourdistributors are responsible for the store rentals and cost of inventory in their stores. We sold a substantial amount of our products through ourdistributors, which have allowed us to distribute our products to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge ofour distributors and their sub distributors. We believe that our distribution network has enabled us to expand our business and increase our salesefficiently and with less operational risk. This model has also minimized our operational risk because we typically start production after we receive ordersfrom our distributors. We believe that using a distribution network to sell a substantial amount of our KBS products has enabled us to devote ourresources to our core competitive strengths of design, brand management and product development.27Table of Contents●We have an experienced management team. Our management team has extensive R&D, marketing and financial experience, led by our Chief ExecutiveOfficer, Mr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has over 27 years of experience in the apparel industry and also has developed a differentiated product by internationalcooperation with a Korean designer. After working in the garment industry for more than 16 years, Mr. Yan acquired and developed the KBS brand. Withhis strong understanding of the apparel industry, Mr. Yan has successfully established this brand name in the market. We are committed to attract andretain top management level executives who we believe are and will continue to be the driving force behind our product development and growth.Our Growth StrategyWe intend to further strengthen our market position in the casual menswear market in China by implementing the following strategies:●We plan to expand our online business and purchase one or more online sales platforms or online stores. Together with the change in consumer trends,online sales is now the most important sales channel in Chinese market and is becoming increasingly important globally. Sales from our stores anddistributors have been steadily decreasing, and we are now in the process of identifying the best possible ways to establish and expand our onlinebusiness. We plan to research and purchase one or more online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that KBS will have better opportunities toexpand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores in year 2019, and the management of KBS will keep on exploring other areas and businessmodels, such as the use of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends. We consider that ourpolicy to expand our outreach using new technologies will add significant shareholder value.●We plan to expand our OEM sales by attracting more reputable and longterm clients. We just had the renewal of a framework sales contract with twomajor current customers: Hangzhou Zhi Yin Apparel Clothes Co., Ltd and Hangzhou Yiyuan Apparel Co., Ltd. These two sales contracts are expected togenerate approximately RMB 28 million in total, of which RMB 20 million relates to Hangzhou Ziyin of new 450,000 orders and RMB 8 million relates toHangzhou Yiyuan of new 160,000 orders for this year. We are also expanding our OEM business and to get more clients, especially to focus on onlineproviders, as they have expanded their market share over the past years quickly together with the change in Chinese consumer’s preferences and occupy alarge market share. By the time when we start executing the orders, we expect that we can have sustainable and increasing business.●We plan to invest in a Greece Based Private Smart Tech Apparel Company. We signed a letter of intent with Tribe, one of the most innovative smartclothing technology companies internationally. If the transaction is consummated, we conceive that this investment will enhance and expand significantlyour client network and products offering. The smart clothing market is expected to surpass the 2 trillion US dollars in size in 2019 and we believe we are wellpositioned to capture a part of this market in the wider region.28Table of Contents●We plan to continue to raise the profile of the KBS brand through enhanced advertising and promotional activities. We believe that the strongassociation of KBS brand with our concept of “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese” has helped drive our brand positioning and customers’receptivity to our products. We intend to further build our brand and deliver a consistent brand image from product design to sales and marketing. We seekto promote and enhance our presence in China’s casual menswear market by continuing to adopt proactive marketing strategies and produce high quality,well designed casual menswear for our target market. In particular, we aim to increase awareness of our brand through: (1) multichannel advertisingstrategies through national television, fashion magazines, billboards and other media channels; (2) further assisting our distributors’ regional advertisingefforts; (3) distinctive store and product launch campaigns, including special events for new product launches and largescale grand opening events fornew stores, particularly new corporate stores; (4) update of the decoration and layout of a number of existing stores which have been in operation for yearsto improve the shopping experience; (5) participation in fashion shows; and (6) sponsorships of selected highimpact events. We believe that theseadvertising and promotional activities will help to further strengthen brand awareness in our target market and enhance customer loyalty.●We plan to expand and build upon our design and product development capabilities. We intend to further strengthen our design and productdevelopment capabilities by accelerating the commercialization of design concepts, expanding our product offerings and continuing to develop what webelieve is unique casual menswear. We plan to further invest in design and product development and expand our design and product development team byattracting talented designers, either domestic or international, and training young graduates from leading fashion design institutes. We believe thatcombining western fashion design experience with our local designer’s understanding of the China market and aesthetic will enable us to create fashionableyet popular casual menswear for consumers in China. We also intend to cooperate with our suppliers to develop new materials and fabrics which we believewill give customers a unique fashion product and create new market opportunities. We believe that our focus on designing unique and quality casualmenswear will allow us to maintain our competitiveness and help to enhance our sales and overall profitability.●We plan to expand our production capacity to expand and diversify our product offerings. Our production facility is located in Taihu City, AnhuiProvince, China, consisting of total 110,557 square meters of land. Currently this facility has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per yearand can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famous sportswear producers, some successful onlinebrand stores and fulfill some overseas orders. The construction of our facility commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases: Phase 1 consists of theconstruction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We have completed theconstruction of facilities for Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Although we have the designed capacity of 5 million pieces yearly, the facilitycurrently may only produce 2 million pieces per year. Phase 3 construction has been delayed because the local government needs additional time toconclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 canbe continued. Phase 4 will include production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quarters and livingfacilities. Upon completion, the new facility is expected to have a production capacity of 20 million pieces and accommodate 5,000 workers. Please see“Production” below for a more complete explanation of our plans for the expansion of our production capacity. We anticipate that the new productionfacility will allow us to further refine our existing product lines by offering more styles within our existing apparel and accessories categories and tointroduce additional, complementary apparel and accessories categories into our product line. We currently introduce 500 to 900 different styles ofproducts each year and intend to increase the number of our product offerings in the future.●We plan to expand our international market and attract more orders from overseas. Starting from year 2016, we have been awarded international OEMorders for producing clothes with overseas brands. Such orders are usually large and continuous. Due to the completion of phase 2 construction of ourAnhui factory, we have enough production capacity to take on large orders. The current utilization rate of the Anhui factory is still quite low and we expectto invest more in attracting more large orders from overseas.The KBS BrandWe are engaged in a highly competitive industry in which brand image and recognition is critical to attracting customers to purchase our products. We haveadopted KBS as a uniform brand name and image for all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. The KBS brand was created byMs. Qinghua Ye in 2006 and registered with the trademark administration authority in 2008. Subsequently, Ms. Ye assigned the KBS trademark to Hongri PRC in2008. In 2009, Hongri PRC transferred this trademark to France Cock, which then licensed such trademark back to Hongri PRC. Based on our sharp rise in revenuesince 2006, we believe that the KBS brand has gained a following in the casual menswear market in the cities where our products are sold.29Table of ContentsTo promote our brand, we have developed and implemented brand management policies in all of our corporate stores and franchised stores. Our brand managementpolicies set out detailed requirements for store decorations and display of products. This enables us to project a consistent brand image. In addition, each season,our design and product development team develops display concepts, including the presentation of our collections in the stores and the color schemes for thebackdrops. We also work closely with our distributors to supervise the daily operations of franchised stores through unscheduled visits to ensure that our brandmanagement policies are properly followed.We may suspend the supply of our products or terminate distribution agreements in the event that any of our distributors or their subdistributors consistently failsto comply with our brand management policies.Our ProductsOur apparel products include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, socks and caps. In 2018, thesuggested retail prices of our products ranged from RMB 15 to RMB1,599 (approximately $2 to $237) for our apparel products and RMB178 to RMB1599(approximately $26 to $236) for our accessory products. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products, each year with a different theme tohighlight the current trends in menswear for the season.Our DesignWe believe one of our key strengths is our internal design and product development team, which designs products that reinforce our brand image. Major parts ofour products are designed by our internal design and product development team with the collaboration of Korean designers. As of December 31, 2018, our designand product development team consisted of 20 members, including one senior designer with over five years of working experience. Final design concepts areapproved by Mr. Keyan Yan, who has more than 27 years of experience in the industry. All of the other designers are graduates of professional design schools inChina. We believe that our design and product development team is innovative and passionate and that the individual experience of each of our designers helpsbring new and exciting products to our customers. Our design and product development team conceptualizes each season’s collections through an interactiveprocess, taking into account our brand strategy, product image and market feedback, drawing inspirations from domestic and international fashion trends andcollaborating with both our suppliers and distributors to finetune our designs. In particular, we collaborate with our suppliers to develop a variety of materials andfabrics for our products. We also involve distributors in our product selection process to take advantage of their market intelligence, which helps us to adapt toconstantly changing customer preferences in local markets. Our designers also attend various domestic and international fashion shows to keep abreast of the latestfashion trends.Starting from year 2015, design of our products comes from three channels. In addition to designing products by our inhouse staff, we outsource to certainreputable designers. From time to time, our ODMs also will directly sell their designed products to us.In a typical year, we design and make around 1,500 prototypes. After the initial product selection, internal cost analysis of approved prototypes and final selectionby distributors at the sales fairs, we eventually select approximately 750 designs for mass production. Final design of all of our products will be approved by ourChairman, Mr. Yan.Our Distribution NetworkWe have established a nationwide distribution network consisting of corporate stores and franchised stores covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrallyadministered municipalities.Corporate StoresAs of December 31, 2018, we owned and operated 1 corporate store with the floor area of approximately 120 square meters. As part of our corporate strategy, weclosed 17 corporate stores in last two years because of the low profitability of certain corporate stores. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, salesthrough our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues, respectively.30Table of ContentsWe directly own and operate our corporate store. This direct control enables us to have closer relationship with our ultimate customers and better understanding ofmarket trends and consumer preferences. Required capital for opening of each store depends on the location and area of the designated store. On average, therenovation cost per store is around $67,000 and the first year of rent payment is around $140,000 including premium paid to the previous owner. Rental period variesfrom two to five years. The total capital required to open a new store is generally around $207,000 per store. Once negotiation of rent is concluded, it takes one totwo months to open up a store. We usually open up stores right before a peak season, such as labor holiday in May, National holiday in October and Chinese NewYear in January/February. On average, new stores break even after one to three months of operation.We currently have one standard designs for our corporate stores located in Fujian Province. They were considered as flagship stores for our distributors’ reference.Because in year 2016 and 2015 we closed some corporate stores, the inventories of these stores were cleared through promotion exhibitions we held in the thirdtiercities at lower prices.For corporate stores opened in second tier cities, we normally have a higher aesthetic standard compared with corporate stores in third and fourth tier cities. Wegenerally locate our corporate stores at street level to access high pedestrian flow. Normally, we will sell inseason stock in our secondtier city corporate stores. Oursecondtier city corporate stores are also designed to showcase our marketability to potential distributors so as to induce them to join our distributorship. For storesopened in the third and fourth tier cities, we normally sell some of our slowmoving or offseason stock at a discount due to our awareness of the generally lesseramount of disposable income available to residents of these cities. During certain times of the year, such as the New Year, Chinese New Year and Labor Day, we willorganize promotional discounts together with our franchised stores to attract more customers and increase our stock turnover.Franchised StoresWe sell a substantial amount of our products to our franchised distributors who in turn sell them to retail customers through KBS branded retail stores operated byour distributors or their subdistributors. Since 2013, we have also been selling products to 3 provincial distributors without their own stores, or the nostoredistributors, on a trial basis. We do not have any ownership in, or controlling relationship with, these franchised stores, but we have entered into distributionagreements with them in the Company’s standard form, pursuant to which we require distributors and their subdistributors to sell only KBS products in thesestores. Distributors are responsible for selecting and ordering products from us and overseeing the sales in the stores operated by them and their subdistributors.By selling directly to our distributors, we can recognize revenues upon delivery to our distributors and delegate the distribution responsibilities to our distributors.This allows us to distribute our merchandise to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge of our distributors and theirsubdistributors. This also minimizes our inventory and sales risks while allowing us to allocate our resources to our core competitive strengths of design, brandmanagement and product development. We believe that our cooperation with distributors has enabled us to expand our business and accelerate our sales growth atmuch lower costs and operational risk and achieve brand recognition throughout China.We have been building up our selected franchised distributor network since 2007. As of December 31, 2018, we had 11 franchised distributors who operated 32 retailstores directly or through their subdistributors, all of which were standalone stores, which were typically located in commercial centers, including departmentstores or shopping malls, in their cities. All these distributors have worked with us for about 1 to 8 years. We have not encountered any material dispute or financialdifficulty with our key distributors. The average floor area of each retail store was approximately 78 square meters as of December 2018. The number of retail storeshas grown significantly in recent years from 7 as of December 31, 2006, with the aggregate floor area increasing from 560 square meters as of December 31, 2006 to2,635 square meters as of December 31, 2018. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, sales through our distributors accounted for 73%, 63.3% and78% of our revenues, respectively. 31Table of ContentsDuring each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we had no customer exceeding 10% of our net sales.Sales generated by our five bestperforming franchised distributors accounted for approximately 29.3%, 23.8% and 28.3% of our revenues in the years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Those top distributors have been with us since 2007 or 2008 and have grown organically with us. At the same time,we are exploring more distributors in other regions including relatively small distributors to grow with their businesses. Although we rely on distributors for thesales and marketing of our products, we believe our business is not substantially dependent on any individual distributor.We are highly selective in appointing distributors. We select our distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry,sales channels, business resources, brand promotion capabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. We maintain good relationshipswith many regional or local distributor candidates which we identify through our internal research and external referrals but only appoint a handful of them tobecome our distributors. We evaluate the relevant experience of the distributor candidates in operating retail stores, their financial condition and sources of fundingrequired for the establishment of a regional distribution network and their ability to develop a network of retail stores in the designated distribution region of a givendistributor before we make any appointment.Once appointed, each distributor must enter into a distribution agreement with us. We do not own any interest in any of our distributors, their subdistributors orthe retail stores they operate. The distribution agreements we typically enter into with distributors do not allow us to be involved in the daily operating, financing orother activities of the distributors, except that distributors need to comply with our brand management policies and pricing and store management guidelines. Keyterms of our standard distribution agreement include:●Product Exclusivity. Our distributors are required to sell only our products at KBS branded retail outlets managed by them or authorized retailers.●Geographic Coverage. Distributors are granted exclusive rights to distribute our products (directly and indirectly through their subdistributors) in theretail stores within the specified geographic area with no overlapping of distributors within our distribution network. However, we retain the right to operatedirect stores anywhere regardless of whether we have appointed distributors there.●Duration. The distribution agreements generally have an initial term of one year and are renewable at our discretion after taking into account factors suchas compliance with our brand management policies and sales performance.●Distributor Pricing. Distributors agree to order our products at a discount from our suggested retail prices. The discounted wholesale prices todistributors are classified into the following three categories: provincial distributor at a discount of 35% of retail price, district distributor is 30% of retailprice and the wholesale distributor is 25% of retail price.●Minimum Purchase Requirement. Each of our distributors is customarily expected to purchase a minimum amount of our products for each trade fair heldbiannually according to their present and expected distribution network. The minimum is typically RMB800,000 (approximately $110,000) for each store.●Payment and Delivery. Normally, we expect distributors to pay us RMB0.5 million (approximately $74,000) to RMB1 million (approximately $148,148) as adeposit upon placing an order. Upon delivery of the orders, we will deduct amounts on deposit from the purchase price. For new and small districtdistributors, we normally require them to pay the balance before the delivery of its products. We may also accept payment on credit terms to the extentrequested by distributors experiencing working capital difficulties or encouraging them to order more. The amount and duration of credit granted to eachdistributor will depend on its financial position and creditworthiness. We handle the arrangements for delivery of our products, but the distributors arenormally expected to bear the related costs and expenses.32Table of Contents●Return of Products. We will only accept product returns from distributors for quality reasons and only if the distributors followed our standard proceduresin processing the returned products. So far, we have not experienced any product returns due to expressed quality reasons.●Retail Pricing. Other than at times when we launch promotional campaigns or adjust our strategies, distributors must adopt, and are required to procuretheir subdistributors to adopt, our suggested retail prices for products. Distributors must obtain our consent before launching any distributor specificspecial offers.●Brand Management. Distributors must comply with our brand management policies and store management guidelines. We may impose penalties, forfeitureof deposit, suspend supply of products and terminate the agreement in the event of any breach of such policies.●Termination. We may generally terminate the distribution agreements and seek indemnification in the event of breach by distributors. In the event of sometypes of breach, we may not terminate the agreement but have other remedies. For example, if a distributor fails to order all products provided for under thedistributorship agreement, we may instead impose forfeiture of deposit or withhold certain benefits.When opening new retail stores, our distributors conduct research on the market potential of the proposed retail sites, after which they will provide us with anapplication for opening a new retail store. In reviewing applications, we consider factors including the store location, store layout, available area, marketopportunities, competitors and estimated sales. We conduct selected onsite investigations to verify applications filed by our distributors. Our retail stores aregenerally located in convenient retail locations in their respective cities and thus benefit from high volumes of pedestrian traffic.Effective monitoring of distributors and their retail stores is critical to our success. We have a team in our marketing, sales and distribution department to monitorour distributors’ and their subdistributors’ performance, who conduct onsite inspections of selected retail stores each quarter without prior notice to ensurecompliance with our store management guidelines. According to the results of our inspections, we, from time to time, make suggestions to our distributors withrespect to the opening or closure of their retail stores. Distributors also need to submit to us their annual/ semiannual plans to estimate their orders for the nextseason and their plan to improve the performance of existing retail stores or expand by opening new retail stores. This reporting system enables us to access uptodate sales projections of our distributors and their subdistributors, which reflects the overall level of retail sales of our products. It also provides us with theexpansion plan of each distributor which helps us prepare our overall development plan in a more accurate manner.We invite our distributors, as well as a select number of their subdistributors and retail store managers, to attend our sales fairs, which are held twice a year. Duringthe sales fairs, we discuss with our distributors and their subdistributors the upcoming product line. Apart from participating in two sales fairs each year, ourdistributors visit us from time to time and contact us as necessary, which allows us to have access to updated market information. We also provide training fordistributors and their subdistributors in the areas of sales techniques, customer service and product knowledge, typically prior to the launch of our new collectionseach year. We believe that these investments help to improve the operations of the sales network and provide additional valueadded services to retain ourdistributors and their subdistributors.The following table lists by region the number of retail stores operated by distributors and subdistributors as of December 31, 2018:LocationAs ofDecember 31,2018Fujian6Guangdong2Guangxi3Jiangsu4Anhui2Chongqing4Tianjin3Hebei4Sichuan4Total3233Table of ContentsPricing PolicyWe sell our products to our distributors at uniform discounts from our suggested retail prices. We have a suggested retail price policy that applies to all our storesto help maintain brand image, ensure consistent pricing levels from region to region and prevent price competition among our distributors. In determining our pricingstrategies, we take into account market supply and demand, production cost and the prices of our competitors’ similar products. Our sales representatives collectand record the retail prices of our products sold by our retailers. We analyze the information collected and engage in discussions with our distributors to ensure thatthey follow our pricing policy. See “Franchised Stores” above.ProductionOriginally located in Shishi City in Fujian Province and started production in 2006, our production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China.The facility currently has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famoussportswear producers. Our production facility was operating at full capacity between 2009 and 2012. In 2014, we produced about 0.39 million units at the operatingcapacity of 19.5%; while in 2015,we produced about 0.48 million units at the operating capacity of 24%. In 2016, we produced about 0.54 million units at the operatingcapacity of 27%.In 2017 and 2018, we produced about 0.30 million and 0.49 million units at the operating capacity of 15% and 25%. Since 2011, we have been negotiating with the local government to acquire land use rights for our current facility consisting of 110,557 square meters. We obtaineda portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square meters and 2,440 square meters in March 2012 and May 2012, respectively, and have finishedthe construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factoryin year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with localresidents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. While we cannot guaranteewhen and whether the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land will be eventually completed, we believe we will be in a better position toschedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Once completed, our total production capacity of the facility isexpected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.All of the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers bear the brand name KBS. As of December 31, 2018, we had 3 ODM contractmanufacturers and 3 OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had 3 and 6 OEM contract manufacturers, respectively. Oursourcing strategy is based upon the quality of fabrics and workmanship that our customers expect from the KBS brand. The costs of our outsourced productionamounted to approximately $8.38 million, $10.94 million and$26.1 million for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, accounting forapproximately 27.3%, 31% and 66.8% of our total cost of sales in the respective periods.As of December 31, 2018, our principal ODM and OEM contract suppliers included the following:No.1Bai Tian Ni (Fujian) Clothing fabric Co. Ltd2Shishi Hua Lai Shi Clothing Co. Ltd3Jinjiang City Hongtawanheng trading Co. Ltd4Fujian Gumaite Clothing Technology Co. Ltd5Shishi Rongpeng Clothing Co. Ltd6Hubei Mingyuan Clothing Co. LtdWe are not materially reliant on any single ODM or OEM contract supplier.34Table of ContentsInventory ManagementWe recognize that controlling the level of inventory is important to our overall operational efficiency and cost control. Based on the purchase orders our distributorsand the department store chains place at our biannual sales fairs, we are able to anticipate the demand for our products in advance and plan ahead for our ownmanufacturing and the orders we will be required to place with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We generally plan purchases of raw materials and placemanufacturing orders with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers immediately after each of our two seasonal sales fairs, usually in May for our autumn andwinter products and in October for our spring and summer products, where we confirm sales orders with our distributors and department store chains. This enablesus and our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to have sufficient time, ranging from two to eight weeks, to produce the products and provide our productssuitable for a specific season to our distributors and department store chains on a justintime basis so as to minimize our inventory levels. The alternative way tocontrol cost is when if we have chance to buy materials which the price is much lower than market price, we will buy it in advance and give to OEM contractmanufactures use our material to produce.Quality ControlProduct quality control is a critical aspect of our business. Our dedicated quality control team performs various quality inspection and testing procedures, includingrandom sample testing at different stages of our production process, to ensure that our products meet or exceed the expectations of our consumers. We also performroutine product inspections on every batch of our products and sample testing to ensure consistent quality of our products, including semifinished and finishedproducts.We have implemented a centralized system for procurement and inspection of raw materials and ancillary components to help ensure a stable and high qualitysupply. Those materials and components that fail to meet our tests may be returned to the suppliers for replacement. Our quality control team also carries out qualitycontrol procedures on the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We conduct onsite inspections of our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers before we enter into business relationships with them. We also send our inhouse quality control staff onsite to our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers to monitor the entire production process. The initial product inspections are performed onsite by our staff before these products are shipped to ourheadquarters for further inspection and storage in our warehouse. We also provide technical training to ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to assist them withquality control of the production processes and inspect preproduction samples and finished products from ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We have notencountered any material disruptions to our business as a result of the failure of any of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to meet our quality standards.In order to further improve the quality of our products and shorten our delivery cycle, we intend to increase our control over the manufacturing process andproduction cycle of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers, primarily by requiring our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to implement stricter and morecomprehensive quality control procedures, which cover each stage of the production process, from raw material selection and procurement to finished productspackaging and delivery. We also intend to apply more stringent standards for inspecting products manufactured for us by our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers.Marketing and AdvertisingWe have conducted multichannel marketing campaigns to advertise our products to our target customers through advertising in newspapers, magazines, theInternet, and billboards, and organizing regular and frequent instore marketing activities and road shows.We have implemented strict requirements on our distributors with respect to the display and promotion of our products to ensure consistent branding and enhancemarketing results. Our distributors are required to ensure that our marketing strategies are implemented at the retail outlets managed or authorized by them, includingdisplaying our products according to our specifications and using our billboard advertisements. We also assign sales representatives to monitor the instoredisplays of our products at various retail outlets on a regular basis to help ensure that our retailers have followed our product display policies.In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 our total advertising and promotional expenses amounted to approximately $1.21 million, $1.59 million and $1.55million, respectively, which accounted for approximately 6.6%, 7.5% and 3.8% of our revenues in the respective periods.35Table of ContentsCompetitionThe menswear industry in China is a fragmented industry. Competition mainly comes from local market players such as Exceed, Xiniya, Zuoan and Cabbeen. Webelieves that we differentiate ourselves by providing more fashionable, youngerlooking and leisure products, and competitive pricing without giving up the casualfeel of our products.We compete primarily on the basis of product design, brand recognition, operational efficiency and a low cost structure. Some of our domestic competitors have astronger customer base, greater resources and more industry expertise than us. However, we believe that we can continue to successfully compete with our localcompetitors due to our unique product designs.Intellectual PropertyWe currently have the licenses to use two registered trademarks in the PRC.The registered trademarks on which we have licenses are the following:TrademarkRegistration No.Valid TermKBS4342760Jan 1, 2019 August 28, 2028Ka bi sports5462336March 14, 2010 March 12,2020We believe that these trademarks provide significant value as they are important for marketing and building brand recognition. We are not aware of any third partycurrently using trademarks similar to our trademarks in the PRC on the same products.InsuranceWe do not have any business liability, interruption or litigation insurance coverage for our operations in China. Insurance companies in China offer limited businessinsurance products. While business interruption insurance is available to a limited extent in China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of suchinsurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance.Therefore, we are subject to business and product liability exposure. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—We have limited insurance coverage inChina and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses.”RegulationBecause our primary operating subsidiaries are located in China, we are subject to China’s national and local laws detailed below. We believe that we are in materialcompliance with all registrations and requirements for the issuance and maintenance of all licenses required by the governing bodies and that all license fees andfilings are current. This section summarizes the major PRC regulations relating to our business.Regulations Relating to Foreign InvestmentInvestment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are mainly governed by the Guidance Catalog of Industries for Foreign Investment (2017 revision), or theCatalog, which was promulgated jointly by MOFCOM and the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, on June 28, 2017 and entered into forceon July 28, 2017. The Catalog divides industries into four categories in terms of foreign investment, which are “encouraged,” “restricted,” and “prohibited,” and allindustries that are not listed under one of these categories are deemed to be “permitted.” Establishment of wholly foreignowned enterprises is generally allowed inencouraged and permitted industries. Some restricted industries are limited to equity or contractual joint ventures, while in some cases Chinese partners are requiredto hold the majority interests in such joint ventures. In addition, foreign investment in restricted category projects is subject to government approvals. Foreigninvestors are not allowed to invest in industries in the prohibited category. Industries not listed in the Catalogue are generally open to foreign investment unlessspecifically restricted by other PRC regulations.36Table of ContentsIn June 2018, MOFCOM and NDRC promulgated the Special Management Measures (Negative List) for the Access of Foreign Investment, or the Negative List,effective July 2018. The Negative List expands the scope of permitted industries by foreign investment by reducing the number of industries that fall within theNegative List where restrictions on the shareholding percentage or requirements on the composition of board or senior management still exists. Foreign investmentin valueadded telecommunications services (except for ecommerce) falls within the Negative List.In October 2016, MOFCOM issued the Interim Measures for Recordfiling Administration of the Establishment and Change of Foreigninvested Enterprises, or FIERecordfiling Interim Measures, most recently amended in July 2017. Pursuant to FIE Recordfiling Interim Measures, the establishment and change of foreigninvested enterprises are subject to recordfiling procedures, instead of prior approval requirements, provided that such establishment or change does not involvespecial entry administration measures. If the establishment or change of foreigninvested enterprises matters involve the special entry administration measures, theapproval of the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterparts is still required.Regulations Relating to Product QualityThe principal legal provisions governing product liability are set forth in the PRC Product Quality Law, which was promulgated in February 1993 by the SCNPC andamended in July 2000 and August 2009.The PRC Product Quality Law stipulates the responsibilities and obligations of product sellers and producers. Violations of the PRC Product Quality Law may resultin the imposition of fines. In addition, the seller or producer may be ordered to suspend its operations, and its business license may be revoked. There may also bePART IPART IIPART III20F 1 f20f2018_kbsfashiongroup.htm FORM 20FUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F(Mark One)☐REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ___________ to ___________OR¨SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report:Commission file number: 00135715KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)Not Applicable(Translation of Registrant’s Name Into English)Republic of the Marshall Islands(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)Xin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of China(Address of Principal Executive Offices)Mr. Keyan Yan, Chief Executive OfficerXin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of ChinaTel: + (86) 595 8889 6198Fax: (86) 595 8850 5328(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of Each ClassName of Each Exchange On Which RegisteredCommon Stock, $0.0001 par valueNASDAQ Capital MarketSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.Units, Common Stock Purchase Warrants(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.None(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report(December 31, 2018): 2,271,299Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐No ☒If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of“large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large Accelerated Filer ☐Accelerated Filer ☐NonAccelerated Filer ☒Emerging Growth Company☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting StandardsCodification after April 5, 2012.Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:U.S. GAAP ☐International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting StandardsBoard ☒Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ☐ Item17 ☐Item 18If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒Annual Report on Form 20FYear Ended December 31, 2018TABLE OF CONTENTSPageITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS2A.Directors and Senior Management2B.Advisors2C.Auditors2ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE2A.Offer Statistics2B.Method and Expected Timetable2ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATION2A.Selected Financial Data2B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY24A.History and Development of the Company24B.Business Overview26C.Organizational Structure42D.Property, Plants and Equipment43ITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS44ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS44A.Principal Factors Affecting Financial Performance45B.Liquidity and Capital Resources50C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.51D.Trend Information51E.Off Balance Sheet Arrangements51F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations52G.Safe Harbor62ITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES63A.Directors and Senior Management63B.Compensation64C.Board Practices65D.Employees66E.Share Ownership66ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS67A.Major Shareholders67B.Related Party Transactions67C.Interests of Experts and Counsel67iTable of ContentsITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATION67A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information67B.Significant Changes68ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTING68A.Offer and Listing Details68B.Plan of Distribution68C.Markets68D.Selling Shareholders68E.Dilution68F.Expenses of the Issue68ITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATION69A.Share Capital69B.Memorandum and Articles of Association69C.Material Contracts71D.Exchange Controls71E.Taxation74F.Dividends and Paying Agents79G.Statement by Experts79H.Documents on Display79I.Subsidiary Information79ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK79ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES80A.Debt Securities80B.Warrants and Rights80C.Other Securities80D.American Depositary Shares80ITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES81ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS81ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES81A.Disclosure Controls and Procedures81B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting81C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm81D.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting82ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT82ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICS82ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES82ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES82ITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS83ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT83ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCE83ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE83ITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 19.EXHIBITS84iiTable of ContentsINTRODUCTORY NOTESUse of Certain Defined TermsExcept as otherwise indicated by the context and for the purposes of this report only, references in this report to:●“KBS,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” are to KBS Fashion Group Ltd., a company organized in the Republic of the Marshall Islands;●““KBS International,” refers to KBS International Holding Inc., a Nevada corporation, which was dissolved in August 2014;●“Hongri PRC,” refers to Hongri (Fujian) Sports Goods Co., Ltd., which is our wholly owned subsidiary organized in the PRC;●“Hongri International” are to Hongri International Holdings Limited, which is our wholly owned subsidiary and a company organized in the BVI;●“BVI” are to the British Virgin Islands;●“Hong Kong” are to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China;●“PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China;●“SEC” are to the Securities and Exchange Commission;●“Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;●“Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;●“Renminbi” and “RMB” are to the legal currency of China; and●“U.S. dollars,” “dollars” and “$” are to the legal currency of the United States.ForwardLooking InformationIn addition to historical information, this report contains forwardlooking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of theExchange Act. We use words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “target,” “plan,” “optimistic,” “intend,” “aim,” “will” or similar expressions whichare intended to identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, among others, those concerning market and industry segment growth and demandand acceptance of new and existing products; any projections of sales, earnings, revenue, margins or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategiesand objectives of management for future operations; and any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, as well as all assumptions,expectations, predictions, intentions or beliefs about future events. You are cautioned that any such forwardlooking statements are not guarantees of futureperformance and involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions, which, if they were to ever materialize or prove incorrect, could cause the results of theCompany to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forwardlooking statements. Potential risks and uncertainties include, among other things, thepossibility that we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues and profits due to our failure to anticipate consumer preferences and develop newmenswear products, our failure to execute our business expansion plan, changes in domestic and foreign laws, regulations and taxes, changes in economicconditions, uncertainties related to China’s legal system and economic, political and social events in China, a general economic downturn, a downturn in thesecurities markets, and other risks and uncertainties which are generally set forth under Item 3 “Key information—D. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and our other filings with the SEC. These reports attempt toadvise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects. The forwardlookingstatements made in this report speak only as of the date hereof and we disclaim any obligation, except as required by law, to provide updates, revisions oramendments to any forwardlooking statements to reflect changes in our expectations or future events.On February 3, 2017, approved by the shareholders, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen (1for15) reverse stock split of the Company’s issued andoutstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided that shareholders are entitled to receive the number ofshares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Stock Market on a splitadjusted basis when themarket opened on February 9, 2017. All references in this report to share and per share data have been adjusted, including historical data which have beenretroactively adjusted, to give effect to the reverse stock split unless specified otherwise.1Table of ContentsPART IITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERSA.Directors and Senior ManagementNot applicable.B.AdvisorsNot applicable.C.AuditorsNot applicable.ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLEA.Offer StatisticsNot applicable.B.Method and Expected TimetableNot applicable.ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATIONA.Selected Financial DataThe following table presents selected financial data regarding our business. It should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and relatednotes contained elsewhere in this annual report and the information under Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” The selected consolidatedstatements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, and the selected consolidated statements of financialposition data as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are included in this annual reportbeginning on page F1. The selected consolidated statements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the selectedconsolidated statements of financial position data as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements thatare not included in this annual report.Our consolidated financial statements were prepared and presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by theInternational Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The selected financial data information is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the historicalconsolidated financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere herein. The financial statements contained elsewhere fully represent our financial conditionand operations; however, they are not indicative of our future performance.2Table of ContentsYears ended December 31,20182017201620152014Statement of Income DataTotal revenue$18,535,116$23,762,536$41,200,205$61,343,681$58,832,481Total cost of sales(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)(46,511,274)(39,416,973)Gross profit(2,316,136)(11,511,816)2,158,27214,832,40719,415,508Distribution and selling expenses(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)(6,621,256)(7,191,606)Administrative expenses(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)2,798,082(4,649,229)Profit for the year(17,968,597)(14,815,596)(11,902,688)1,243,6706,876,982Total comprehensive income for the year(20,040,295)(10,004,880)(18,028,121)(4,801,102)6,526,172Outstanding shares2,299,9151,860,8311,750,1421,694,4891,694,489Earnings per share, basic diluted8.067.966.800.734.06Balance Sheet DataCash and cash equivalents$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,341$21,214,080$20,604,583Noncurrent assets29,837,87540,966,31934,754,94247,221,52952,929,386Current assets31,328,13140,343,38656,343,82362,098,95162,093,570Working capital24,463,44633,060,87748,647,18553,598,85452,704,076Total assets61,166,00681,309,70591,098,765109,310,480115,022,956Current liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,500,0979,389,493Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,503,5069,404,880Equity54,301,32174,027,19683,402,127100,816,974105,618,076B.Capitalization and IndebtednessNot applicable.C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of ProceedsNot applicable.D.Risk FactorsAn investment in our capital stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the otherinformation included in this annual report, before making an investment decision. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial conditionor results of operations could suffer. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.3Table of ContentsRISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSGeneral economic conditions, including a prolonged weakness in the economy, may affect consumer discretionary spending, which could adversely affect ourbusiness and financial performance.The apparel industry has historically been subject to substantial cyclical variations. Our business and financial performance are dependent on a number of factorsimpacting consumer discretionary spending, including general economic and business conditions; consumer confidence; wages and employment levels; thehousing market; consumer debt levels; availability of consumer credit; credit and interest rates; fuel and energy costs; energy shortages; taxes; general politicalconditions, both domestic and abroad. Consumer product purchases, including purchases of our products, may decline during recessionary periods. Our ability toaccess the capital markets may be restricted at a time when we would like, or need, to raise capital, which could impair on our ability to open additional stores orbuild additional manufacturing lines. In addition, as domestic and international economic conditions change, trends in consumer spending on discretionary items,including our merchandise, become unpredictable and subject to reductions due to economic uncertainties. A prolonged economic recovery or an uncertain outlookin the economy could result in additional declines in consumer discretionary spending, which could materially affect our financial performance.A contraction in apparel sales and production could impair our results of operations and liquidity and jeopardize our supply base.Apparel sales and production are cyclical and depend, among other things, on general economic conditions and consumer spending and preferences. As thevolume of apparel production fluctuates, the demand for our products also fluctuates. A contraction in apparel sales could harm our results of operations andliquidity. In addition, our suppliers would also be subject to many of the same consequences which could pressure their results of operations and liquidity.Depending on an individual supplier’s financial condition and access to capital, its viability could be challenged which could impact its ability to perform as weexpect and consequently our ability to meet our own commitments.If we are unable to anticipate consumer preferences and develop new menswear products, we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues andprofits.Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define apparel trends as well as to anticipate, gauge and react to changing consumer demands formenswear in a timely manner. Our target market of consumers comprises urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 with moderatetohigh levels of disposableincome. Our business is particularly sensitive to their fashion preferences, which cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumeracceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, and our future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes. If we failto anticipate accurately and respond to trends and shifts in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing product offerings, developing new products,designs, styles and categories, we could experience lower sales, excess inventories and lower profit margins. In a distressed economic and retail environment, manyof our competitors may engage in aggressive activities, such as markdowns or other promotional sales to dispose of excess, slowmoving inventory, furtherincreasing the need to react appropriately to changing consumer preferences and fashion trends. Failure to do so could adversely affect the level of acceptance ofour products, our brand image and our relationship with our distributors, and therefore have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results ofoperations.The apparel industry is highly competitive, and if we fail to compete effectively, we could lose our market position.The menswear industry is highly competitive in China and worldwide. We compete with various domestic brands with similar business models and target markets.We also compete with a growing number of international brands trying to expand their market share in China to take advantage of rising consumer spending oncasual menswear. Our primary international and domestic competitors include Exceed, Xiniya, Cabbeen, GXG and NQ. Some of our competitors are significantlylarger and have greater financial resources than we do. In order to compete effectively, we must: (1) maintain the image of our brands and our reputation forinnovation and high quality; (2) be flexible and innovative in responding to rapidly changing market demands on the basis of brand image, style, performance andquality; and (3) offer consumers a wide variety of high quality products at competitive prices.4Table of ContentsThe purchasing decisions of consumers are highly subjective and can be influenced by many factors, such as brand image, marketing programs and productfeatures. Some of our competitors enjoy competitive advantages, including greater brand recognition and greater financial resources for competitive activities, suchas sales, marketing and strategic acquisitions. The number of our direct competitors and the intensity of competition may increase as we expand into other productlines or as other companies expand into our product lines. Our competitors may enter into business combinations or alliances that strengthen their competitivepositions or prevent us from taking advantage of such combinations or alliances. Our competitors also may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than wecan to new or changing opportunities, standards or consumer preferences. Our results of operations and market position may be adversely impacted by ourcompetitors and the competitive pressures in the menswear industries.Failure to effectively promote or develop our brand could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.We sell all our products under the KBS brand, from which we derive most of our revenues. Brand image is an important factor that affects a customer’s purchasingdecision for menswear products. Our success therefore depends on, among other things, market recognition and acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture,lifestyle, and images associated with the brand, some of which may not be within our control. We have limited control over our distributors that we rely upon to sellour products, which may limit our ability to ensure a consistent brand image. See “Risks Factors Related to Our Business –We have limited control over the ultimateretail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhere to, or fail to cause the third party retail outletoperators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.” We began designing, promoting, and selling KBS branded products in China in 2006. To effectivelypromote KBS brand, we need build and maintain the brand image by focusing on a variety of promotional and marketing activities to promote brand awareness, aswell as to increase its presence in the markets in which we compete. There is no assurance that we will be able to effectively promote or develop KBS brand, and ifwe fail to do so, the goodwill of KBS brand may be undermined and our business as well as our financial results may be adversely affected. In addition, negativepublicity or disputes regarding KBS brand, products, company, or management could materially and adversely affect public perception of KBS brand. Any impact onour ability to continue to sell KBS brand or any significant damage to KBS brand’s image could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends on the continued service of our senior executives and other key employees. In particular, we rely on the expertise, experience,and business contacts, of Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ms. Lixia Tu, our Director and Chief Financial Officer and Mr. ThemisKalapotharakos, our director. If one or more of our senior executives are unable or unwilling to continue to work for us in their present positions, we may have tospend a considerable amount of time and resources searching, recruiting, and integrating the replacements into our operations, which would substantially divertmanagement’s attention from and severely disrupt the Company business. This may also adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategy. Moreover, ifany of our senior executives joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, suppliers and key employees.Failure to execute our business expansion plan could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.A large part of our initial growth resulted from an increase in the number of our retail sales outlets, including corporate and franchised stores, and the increased salesvolume and profitability provided by these sales outlets. The number of our sales outlets increased from 8 in 2006 to 33 in year 2018.5Table of ContentsWe have our factory located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China, consisting of an aggregate of 110,457 square meters of land. Currently the facility there has aproduction capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year and can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces original equipmentmanufacturer (OEM) products for online stores, regional apparel brands and overseas orders. The construction commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases:Phase 1 consists of the construction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We havecompleted the construction of facilities of Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Phase 3 construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has beendelayed because the local government needs additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Because the time forthe government to resolve this matter is uncertain, we wrote off the land use right of the third parcel of land from account balance, according to the internationalframework reporting standard. Phase 4 includes building production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quartersand living facilities on the third parcel of land. As a result, our commitments to this facility may reduce our liquidity for an indefinite period and until it is completed.We could also indefinitely lose opportunities to expand our sales due to any further delay of our construction.The decision to increase our production capacity was based in part on our projections of market demand for our products and OEM orders from other brand nameowners. If actual customer demand does not meet our projections, we will likely suffer overcapacity problems and may have to leave capacity idle or need to contractout our facilities at an unfavorable price, which may reduce our overall profitability and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our futuresuccess depends on our ability to expand the Company’s business to address growth in demand for our current and future products.Our ability to expand the Company’s business is subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including:●the unavailability of additional funding to invest more in brand recognition such as advertisement, expand our production capacity, purchase additionalfixed assets and purchase raw materials on favorable terms or at all;●our inability to manage an online shop, hire qualified personnel and establish distribution methods;●conditions in the commercial real estate market existing at the time we seek to expand;●delays and cost overruns as a result of a number of factors, many of which may be beyond our control, such as problems with equipment vendors andcontract manufacturers;●failure to maintain high quality control standards;●shortage of raw materials;●our inability to obtain, or delays in obtaining, required approvals by relevant government authorities;●diversion of significant management attention and other resources; and●failure to execute our expansion plan effectively.The expansion of our business may place significant strain on our personnel, management, financial systems and operational infrastructure and may impede ourability to meet any increased demand for our products. To accommodate the Company’s growth, we will need to implement a variety of new and upgradedoperational and financial systems, procedures, and controls, including improvements to our accounting and other internal management systems, by dedicatingadditional resources to our reporting and accounting function and improvements to our record keeping and contract tracking system. We will also need to recruitmore personnel and train and manage our growing employee base. Furthermore, we will need to maintain and expand relationships with our current and futurecustomers, suppliers, distributors and other third parties, and there is no guarantee that we will succeed.In the future, we also intend to invest more resources to research and purchase online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that we will have betteropportunities to expand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores. In addition, we will keep on exploring other areas and business models, such as theuse of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends.If we encounter any of the risks described above or if we are otherwise unable to establish or successfully operate online shops or additional production capacity,we may be unable to grow our business and revenues, reduce our operating costs, maintain our competitiveness or improve our profitability and, consequently, ourbusiness, financial condition, results of operations and prospects will be adversely affected.6Table of ContentsIf we are unable to fund capital expenditures or obtain additional sources of liquidity when we need it, our business may be adversely affected. In addition, ifwe obtain equity financing, the issuance of our equity securities could cause dilution for our stockholders. To the extent we obtain the financing through theissuance of debt securities, our debt service obligations could increase, and we may become subject to restrictive operating and financial covenants.We anticipate that we will make substantial capital investments to expand our business within the next 3 years. There is no assurance that we will have sufficientcash to fund our anticipated capital expenditures. If we need but are unable to obtain adequate financing with on terms favorable to us, we may be unable tosuccessfully maintain our operations and accomplish our growth strategy. In addition, we may be unable to generate sufficient cash internally or obtain alternativesources of capital to fund our proposed capital expenditures, take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures. As a result, we mayseek to sell additional equity securities, debt securities, or borrow from lending institutions. Any issuance of equity securities could cause dilution for ourstockholders. Any incurrence of indebtedness could increase our debt service obligations and cause us to be subject to restrictive operating and financecovenants. Our ability to obtain external financing in the future is also subject to a number of uncertainties, including:●Our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;●general market conditions for financing activities by companies in our industry;●economic, political and other conditions in China and elsewhere; and●uncertain economic prospect and tightened credit markets resulting from the recent global economic slowdown and financial market crisis.If we are unable to obtain funding in a timely manner or on commercially acceptable terms, or at all, our growth prospects and future profitability may be materiallyadversely affected. Adverse changes in the capital markets could make it difficult to obtain capital or obtain it at attractive rates.Our past results may not be indicative of our future performance and evaluating our business and prospects may be difficult.Our business has gone through various stages of the business life cycle in recent years as demonstrated by our growth in net sales, which reached $99.6 million forthe year ended December 31, 2013, while in 2014 our net sales decreased by 40% to $58.8 million and in year 2015 net sales went up slightly by 4.3% to $61.3 million,our net sales decreased by 32.8% to $41.2 million in 2016, net sales decreased 42% to $23.8 million in 2017 and net sales further decreased 22% to $18.53 million in2018. The decrease in sales in 2016, 2017 and 2018 as compared with 2013 was mainly due to the slowdown of the Chinese economic growth and a challenging retailenvironment. As a result, we cannot assure that we will be able to achieve similar growth in future periods as recent years before 2014, and our historical operatingresults may not provide a meaningful basis for evaluating our business, financial performance and prospects. Moreover, our ability to achieve satisfactoryproduction results at higher volumes is unproven. Therefore, you should not rely on our past results or our historical rate of growth as an indication of our futureperformance.We experience fluctuations in operating results.Our annual and quarterly operating results have fluctuated, and are expected to continue to fluctuate. Among the factors that may cause our operating results tofluctuate are customers’ response to merchandise offerings, the timing of the rollout of new sales outlets, seasonal variations in sales, the timing of merchandisereceipts, the level of merchandise returns, changes in merchandise mix and presentation, our cost of merchandise, unanticipated operating costs, and other factorsbeyond our control, such as general economic conditions and actions of competitors.We have historically experienced seasonal fluctuations in our sales. A substantial portion of our revenues are typically earned during the second and fourthquarters and we generally experience lowest revenues during the first and third quarters. If sales during the second and fourth quarters are lower than expected, ouroperating results would be adversely affected, and it would have a disproportionately large impact on our annual operating results. The sales of our products arealso affected by local spending behavior, which are typically affected by seasonal shopping patterns during major Chinese holidays.7Table of ContentsAs a result of these factors, we believe that periodtoperiod comparisons of historical and future results will not necessarily be meaningful and should not be reliedon as an indication of future performance.Our failure to collect the trade receivables or untimely collection could affect our liquidity.Our distributors place advance purchase orders twice a year. From 2015 to 2018, we typically expect and receive payment within 30180 days of product delivery. Inaddition, approximately 83.2% of accounts receivables are within a 180 days credit term. Starting in September 2015, we extended credit to some of our customers to150180 days without requiring collaterals. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of the financial condition of our customers and we generally require no collateralfrom our distributors and authorized retailers to secure their payment obligations. However, our sales going forward may rely more heavily on credit, and if weencounter future problems collecting amounts due from our clients or if we experience delays in the collection of amounts due from our clients, our liquidity could benegatively affected.The Chinese economy experienced a softening of economic growth, and the apparel industry is also facing a downturn. The impact of the current and possiblefuture economic downturn on our distributors cannot be predicted and may be severe, causing a significant impact on their business. As a result, our financialcondition and result of operations could be negatively affected. In addition, if they cannot continue their orders of our products due to the failure of paying us forits previous purchases, our brand image and reputation may be materially negatively affected as well.We rely on distributors for a substantial portion of our sales and the loss of any of our large distributors would harm our business. A substantial portion of our sales are made to distributors that resell our products. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, distributors accounted forapproximately 67% and 73% of our total sales, respectively, and our top five distributors accounted for approximately 23.8% and 34.8% of our total sales,respectively. The marketing efforts of our distributors are critical for our success. If we fail to attract additional distributors, and our existing distributors do notpromote our products at the same or at a greater level than the products of our competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could beadversely affected.Furthermore, there is no assurance that any of our distributors will satisfy the sales targets set forth in their distribution agreements and we or they may not wish torenew the distribution agreements in future years. Moreover, our distributors are not obliged to continue to place orders with the Company at the same level asbefore or at all and there is no assurance that we would be able to obtain orders from other distributors to replace any such lost sales on terms satisfactory to us orall. If any of our largest distributors substantially reduces its purchases from us, or otherwise fails to renew its distribution agreement with us, we may suffer asignificant loss of sales and our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We have limited control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhereto, or fail to cause the third party retail outlet operators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.We rely on the contractual obligations set forth in the distribution agreements that we enter into with our distributors, as well as policies and standards we formulatefrom time to time, to impose our retail policies on these distributors in respect of the franchisee retail outlets. In addition, as we do not enter into any agreementswith the third party retail outlet operators, we rely on our distributors to ensure that these franchisee retail outlets operate in accordance with our retail policies. Assuch, our control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and the franchisee retail outlet operators is limited. There is no assurance that our distributors orthe third party franchisee retail outlet operators will comply with, or that the distributors will enforce, our retail policies. As a result, we may not be able to effectivelymanage our sales network or maintain a uniform brand image, and cannot assure you that franchisee retail outlets would continue to offer quality services toconsumers.8Table of ContentsIn addition, if any of the distributors or third party franchisee retail outlet operators experiences difficulties in selling our products in the retail market, they mayattempt to disregard our pricing policies and liquidate their excessive inventory buildup through aggressive discounts, which may damage the image and the valueof our brand. There is no assurance that we will be able to, in a timely manner, impose penalties on or replace any distributors who consistently fail to comply with,or fail to cause the third party franchisee retail outlet operators appointed by them to comply with, our retail policies in their operation of franchisee retail outlets. Insuch event, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We may not be able to accurately track the inventory levels at our distributors, retailers or department store concessions.Our ability to track the sales by our distributors to thirdparty retailers and the ultimate retail sales by the retailers, and consequently their respective inventorylevels, is limited. We implement a policy to require our distributors to provide us with their sales reports on a weekly basis and we carry out random onsiteinspections of our distributors to track their inventories. The purpose of tracking the inventory level is mainly to gather information regarding the market acceptanceof our products so that we can reflect consumers’ preferences in the design and development of our products for the next season. The tracking of inventory levelalso helps us to understand the market recognition of our products in a particular region, and thus allows us to adjust our marketing strategy if necessary. Theimplementation of the policy, however, requires the distributors to accurately report the relevant data to us in a timely manner, which is largely dependent on thecooperation of the Company’s distributors. We may not always obtain the required data in time and the data provided to us by our distributors may be inaccurate orincomplete.Inaccurate, mistaken, incomplete or delayed data regarding inventory levels may mislead the Company to make wrong business judgments for its production,marketing efforts and sales strategies. If that happens, our operations and financial results may be materially adversely affected. In addition, if we cannot manageinventory levels properly, future orders of our products may be reduced, which would materially adversely affect our future business, financial condition, results ofoperation and prospects.Our operations could be materially adversely affected if we fail to effectively manage our relationships with, or lose the services of, our OEM contractmanufacturers.The production of our brand name products are 100% outsourced to PRCbased thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2018 and2017 we had 5 and 6 contract manufacturers, respectively. Purchases from our top five OEM contract manufacturers accounted for approximately 92% and 88.6% ofour total purchases for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As we do not enter into longterm contracts with our OEM contractmanufacturers, they may decide not to accept our future OEM orders on the same or similar terms, or at all. If an OEM contract manufacturer decides to substantiallyreduce its volume of supply to us or to terminate its business relationship with us, we may not be able to find a proper replacement in a timely manner and may beforced to default on the agreements with our distributors that sell our products. This may negatively impact our revenues and adversely affect our reputation andrelationships with our distributors that sell our products, causing a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.Further, if any of our OEM contract manufacturers fails to provide the required number of products meeting our quality standards, we may have to delay delivery ofproducts to our distributors, become unable to supply products at all, or even recall products previously dispatched. This could cause the Company to loserevenues or market share and damage our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operationsand prospects. In addition, some OEM contract manufacturers may not fully comply with certain laws, such as labor and environmental laws. If any of our OEMcontract manufacturers is found to have violated laws and regulations in the PRC, media reports on such violations may negatively affect our reputation and image,resulting in material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.9Table of ContentsWhile we provide the designs of our products to the OEM contract manufacturers, as well as guidance for manufacturing the products ordered by us, we do nothave direct control over the OEM contract manufacturers. If any of them is involved in unauthorized production and sale of goods using the KBS brand, ourreputation, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.As the Company grows, our reliance on OEM contract manufacturers may also grow as our added production capacity may not be sufficient to keep pace with theincreased production requirements driven by our growth. We may not be able to find sufficient additional OEM contract manufacturers to produce our products onthe same or similar terms as our existing OEM contract manufacturers, and we may not be able to achieve our growth and development goals.Any interruption in our operations could impair our financial performance and negatively affect our brand. Our operations are complicated and integrated, involving the coordination of thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers and external distribution processes. Whilethese operations are modified on a regular basis in an effort to improve outsourcing and distribution efficiency and flexibility, we may experience difficulties incoordinating the various aspects of our operations processes, thereby causing downtime and delays. In addition, we may encounter interruption in our operationsprocesses due to a catastrophic loss or events beyond our control, such as fires, explosions, labor disturbances or violent weather conditions. Any interruptions inour operations or capabilities at our facilities could result in our inability to procure our products, which would reduce our net sales and earnings for the affectedperiod. If there are delays in delivery times to our customers, our business and reputation could be severely affected. Any significant delays in deliveries to ourcustomers could lead to increased returns or cancellations and cause the Company to lose future sales. The Company currently does not have business interruptioninsurance to offset these potential losses, delays and risks so a material interruption of our business operations could severely damage our business.We rely heavily on our management information system for inventory management, distribution and other functions. If our system fail to perform thesefunctions adequately or if we experience an interruption in our operation, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. The efficient operation of our business is dependent on our management information systems. We rely heavily on our management information systems to manageour order entry, order fulfillment, pricing, pointofsale and inventory replenishment processes. We cannot assure you that our management information system will operate properly or without interruption. Any malfunction to any part or all of our managementinformation system for a prolonged period may cause delays in operations or impairment of our overall business efficiency. We also cannot ensure that the level ofsecurity currently maintained will be sufficient to protect the system from third party intrusions, viruses, lost or stolen data, or similar situations. Additionally, aspart of our growth and development strategy over the next few years, we plan to upgrade and improve our management information system. We cannot assure youthat there will be no interruptions to our management information system during the upgrades or that the new management information system will be able tointegrate fully with the existing information system. The failure of our management information system to perform as we anticipate could disrupt our business and could result in decreased revenue, increased overheadcosts and excess or outofstock inventory levels, causing our business and results of operations to suffer materially. Failure to protect the integrity, security and use of our customers’ information and media could expose us to litigation and materially damage our standingwith our customers. Increasing costs associated with information security — such as increased investment in technology, the costs of compliance with consumer protection laws andcosts resulting from consumer fraud — could cause our business and results of operations to suffer materially. While we have taken significant steps to protectcustomer and confidential information, including entering into confidentiality agreements with relevant employees and incorporate confidentiality clauses in ourpolicies, there can be no assurance that advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments will prevent thecompromise of our customer transaction processing capabilities and personal data. If any such compromise of our security were to occur, it could have a materialadverse effect on our reputation, operating results and financial condition. Any such compromise may materially increase the costs we incur to protect against suchinformation security breaches and could subject us to additional legal risk. Procurement specialists and managers are required to sign a confidentiality agreement. 10Table of ContentsWe have limited insurance coverage in China and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses. Operation of our facilities involves many risks, including equipment failures, natural disasters, industrial accidents, power outages, labor disturbances and otherbusiness interruptions. We do not carry any business interruption insurance, product recall or thirdparty liability insurance for our production facilities or withrespect to our products to cover claims pertaining to personal injury or property or environmental damage arising from defects in our products, product recalls,accidents on our property or damage relating to our operations. While business interruption insurance and other types of insurance are available to a limited extentin China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of such insurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commerciallyreasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Therefore, our existing insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all risks associatedwith our business. As a result, we may be required to pay for financial and other losses, damages and liabilities, including those caused by natural disasters andother events beyond our control, out of our own funds, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our inability to protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights may prevent us from successfully marketing our products and competingeffectively. We believe our trademarks and other intellectual property rights are important to our success and competitive position and recognize the importance of registeringthe trademarks related to our KBS brand for protection against infringement. We currently hold two registered trademarks. Failure to protect our intellectual propertycould harm our brand and our reputation, and adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. Further, enforcing or defending our intellectual property rights,including our trademarks, patents, copyrights and trade secrets, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. We produce, marketand sell our products under registered trademarks. We regard our intellectual property, particularly our trademarks and trade secrets to be of considerable value andimportance to our business and our success. We rely on a combination of trademark, patent, and trade secrecy laws, and contractual provisions to protect ourintellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect these proprietary rights will be adequate or that third parties will notinfringe or misappropriate our trademarks, trade secrets or similar proprietary rights. In addition, there can be no assurance that other parties will not assertinfringement claims against us, and we may have to pursue litigation against other parties to assert our rights. Any such claim or litigation could be costly, and wemay lack the resources required to defend against such claims. In addition, any event that would jeopardize our proprietary rights or any claims of infringement bythird parties could have a material adverse effect on our ability to market or sell our brands, and profitably exploit our products.Environmental regulations impose substantial costs and limitations on our operations. We use chemicals and produce significant emissions in our manufacturing operations. As such, we are subject to various national and local environmental laws andregulations in China concerning issues such as air emissions, wastewater discharges, and solid waste management and disposal. These laws and regulations canrestrict or limit our operations and expose us to liability and penalties for noncompliance. While we believe that our facilities are in material compliance with allapplicable environmental laws and regulations, the risks of substantial unanticipated costs and liabilities related to compliance with these laws and regulations arean inherent part of our business. It is possible that future conditions may develop, arise or be discovered that create new environmental compliance or remediationliabilities and costs. While we believe that we can comply with existing environmental legislation and regulatory requirements and that the costs of compliance havebeen included within budgeted cost estimates, compliance may prove to be more limiting and costly than anticipated.We may be unable to establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, and, as a result, we may be unable to accuratelyreport our financial results or prevent fraud.We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities law. The SEC as required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (“SOX 404”), adoptedrules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal control over financial reporting in its annual report, which mustalso contain management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, the independent registered publicaccounting firm auditing the financial statements of a company that is not a nonaccelerated filer under Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act must also attest to theoperating effectiveness of the company’s internal controls.11Table of ContentsFailure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could result in our inability to accurately report our financial results, prevent or detect fraudor provide timely and reliable financial and other information pursuant to the reporting obligations we have as a public company, which could have a materialadverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, it could cause our investors to lose confidence in the information we report,which could adversely affect our stock price.RISKS RELATED TO DOING BUSINESS IN CHINAOur business operation may be affected if we are forced to relocate our manufacturing facilities and stores.We leased the premises for our office located in Shishi and one corporate store. However, none of our lease agreements have been registered with the relevantgovernmental agencies. According to our PRC legal counsel, without registration, our rights to use and occupy the premises may not be secured if any third partiessuch as other tenants who have registered their lease agreements challenge us under PRC law. Moreover, while we have taken various measures to verify theownership of property such as checking utility bills and search government records, most of our landlords have declined to confirm whether they possess theproperty ownership certificates and land use rights certificates for our properties. As a result, we have been unable to verify whether third parties may assert theirownership rights under PRC law against most of our landlords or challenge most of our leases in the future. If our rights to use the premises are challenged, we maybe forced to relocate to other premises. We may not be able to relocate to a suitable premise promptly or lease alternative premises on terms at least as favorable asour existing ones. In addition, relocation costs and interruption of production may have a material adverse effect on our business operation and financialperformance.Changes in the economic and political policies of the PRC government could have a material and adverse effect on our business and operations.We conduct substantially all our business operations in China. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are significantly dependenton economic and political developments in China. China’s economy differs from the economies of developed countries in many aspects, including the level ofdevelopment, growth rate and degree of government control over foreign exchange and allocation of resources. While China’s economy has experienced significantgrowth in the past 30 years, the growth has been uneven across different regions and periods and among various economic sectors in China. We cannot assure youthat China’s economy will continue to grow, or that if there is growth, such growth will be steady and uniform, or that if there is a slowdown, such slowdown will nothave a negative effect on its business and results of operations.The PRC government exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, control over payment of foreign currencydenominated obligations, implementation of monetary policy, and preferential treatment of particular industries or companies. Certain measures adopted by the PRCgovernment may restrict loans to certain industries, such as changes in the statutory deposit reserve ratio and lending guidelines for commercial banks by thePeople’s Bank of China, or PBOC. These current and future government actions could materially affect our liquidity, access to capital, and ability to operate ourbusiness.The global financial markets experienced significant disruptions in 2008 and the United States, Europe and other economies went into recession. Since 2012, growthof the Chinese economy has slowed. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources.Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy but may also have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operation could bematerially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, any stimulusmeasures designed to boost the Chinese economy, may contribute to higher inflation, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.See “Risks Related to Doing Business in China Future inflation in China may inhibit our ability to conduct business in China.”12Table of ContentsUncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the legal protections available to you and us.We conduct substantially all of our business through our operating subsidiaries in the PRC. Our operating subsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulationsapplicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws applicable to foreigninvested enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes, andprior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, a series of new PRC laws and regulations have significantlyenhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, since the PRC legal system continues to evolve rapidly, theinterpretations of many laws, regulations, and rules are not always uniform, and enforcement of these laws, regulations, and rules involve uncertainties, which maylimit legal protections available to you and us. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources andmanagement attention. In addition, most of our executive officers and directors are residents of China and not of the United States, and substantially all the assets ofthese persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it could be difficult for investors to affect service of process in the United States or to enforce ajudgment obtained in the United States against our Chinese operations and subsidiaries.You may have difficulty enforcing judgments against us.Most of our assets are located outside of the United States and most of our current operations are conducted in the PRC. In addition, most of our directors andofficers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons is located outside the UnitedStates. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce inU.S. courts judgments on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, most of whom are not residents inthe United States and the substantial majority of whose assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts ofthe PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts. Our counsel as to PRC law has advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgmentsare provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. Courts in China may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRCCivil Procedures Law based on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have anytreaties or other arrangements that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments with the United States. In addition, according to thePRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violatesbasic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security, or the public interest. So, it is uncertain whether a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by acourt in the United States.The PRC government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities.The PRC government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and stateownership. Our ability to operate in China may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, import and export tariffs,environmental regulations, land use rights, property, and other matters. We believe that our operations in China are in material compliance with all applicable legaland regulatory requirements. However, the central or local governments of the jurisdictions in which we operate may impose new, stricter regulations orinterpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations orinterpretations.Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision not to continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more centrally plannedeconomy or regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant effect on economic conditions in China or particularregions thereof and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then hold in Chinese properties or joint venturesRestrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our sales effectively. The majority of our sales will be settled in RMB and U.S. dollars, and any future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit our ability to use revenue generated inRMB to fund any future business activities outside China or to make dividend or other payments in U.S. dollars. Although the Chinese government introducedregulations in 1996 to allow greater convertibility of the RMB for current account transactions, significant restrictions still remain, including primarily the restrictionthat foreigninvested enterprises may only buy, sell or remit foreign currencies after providing valid commercial documents, at those banks in China authorized toconduct foreign exchange business. In addition, conversion of RMB for capital account items, including direct investment and loans, is subject to governmentalapproval in China, and companies are required to open and maintain separate foreign exchange accounts for capital account items. We cannot be certain that theChinese regulatory authorities will not impose more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of the RMB in the future.13Table of ContentsFluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.The value of our securities will be indirectly affected by the foreign exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and RMB and between those currencies and othercurrencies in which our sales may be denominated. Appreciation or depreciation in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial resultsreported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations. Fluctuations in the exchange rate will alsoaffect the relative value of any dividend we issue that will be exchanged into U.S. dollars, as well as earnings from, and the value of, any U.S. dollardenominatedinvestments we make in the future.Since July 2005, the RMB has no longer been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Since then the RMB has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly andunpredictably, and in recent years the RMB has depreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progresstowards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate systemand there is no guarantee that the RMB will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how marketforces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future.Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedgingtransactions. While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited, and we may not beable to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition, our foreign currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrictour ability to convert RMB into foreign currencies. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends and other distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you, and otherwise fund and conduct our business. Substantially all of our sales are earned by our PRC subsidiaries. However, PRC regulations restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make dividends and otherpayments to their offshore parent companies. PRC legal restrictions permit payments of dividends by our PRC subsidiaries only out of their accumulated aftertaxprofits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are also required under PRC laws and regulations toallocate at least 10% of their annual aftertax profits determined in accordance with PRC GAAP to a statutory general reserve fund until the amounts in said fundreaches 50% of their registered capital. Allocations to these statutory reserve funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not transferable to us in the formof loans, advances, or cash dividends. Any limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to transfer funds to us could materially and adversely limit our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends and otherwise fund and conduct our business.PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary toliability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital ordistribute profits.SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing andRoundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as “SAFECircular 75” promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of the SAFE in connection with theirdirect establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets orequity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a “special purpose vehicle.” SAFE Circular 37 furtherrequires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capitalcontributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in aspecial purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profitdistributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent crossborder foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted inits ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described abovecould result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for theForeign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015 by SAFE, local banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration foroverseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under SAFE Circular 37 from June 1, 2015.14Table of ContentsAccording to SAFE Circular 37, our shareholders or beneficial owners, who are PRC residents, are subject to SAFE Circular 37 or other foreign exchangeadministrative regulations in respect of their investment in our company. We have notified substantial beneficial owners of ordinary shares who we know are PRCresidents of their filing obligations. Nevertheless, we may not be aware of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. We do not havecontrol over our beneficial owners and there can be no assurance that all of our PRCresident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE Circular 37 and subsequentimplementation rules, and there is no assurance that the registration under SAFE Circular 37 and any amendment will be completed in a timely manner, or will becompleted at all. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their foreign exchange registrations in a timely manner pursuant toSAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with theregistration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to fines andlegal sanctions. Such failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiary and limitour PRC subsidiary’s ability to distribute dividends to our company. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and resultsof operations.Furthermore, SAFE Circular 37 is unclear how this regulation, and any future regulation concerning offshore or crossborder transactions, will be interpreted,amended and implemented by the relevant PRC government authorities, and we cannot predict how these regulations will affect our business operations or futurestrategy. Failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRCsubsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to us. These risks could in the future have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results ofoperations.We may be unable to complete a business combination transaction efficiently or on favorable terms due to complicated merger and acquisition regulationswhich became effective on September 8, 2006.On August 9, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the China Securities Regulatory Commission, promulgated the Regulation on Mergers and Acquisitionsof Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006, and was subsequently amended in 2009. This regulation, among otherthings, governs the approval process of a PRC company’s participation in an acquisition of assets or equity interests. Depending on the structure of the transaction,the regulation requires the PRC parties to make a series of applications and supplemental applications to the government agencies for approval of acquisition ofassets or equity interests from other entity. In some instances, the application process may require a presentation of economic data concerning the transaction,including appraisals of the target business and evaluations of the acquirer, which are designed to allow the government to assess viability of the transaction.Government approvals will have expiration dates, by which a transaction must be completed and reported to the government agencies. Compliance with theregulation is likely to be more time consuming and expensive than it was in the past, and provides the government more controls over business combination of twoenterprises. As a result, our ability to engage in business combination transactions has become significantly more complicated, time consuming, and expensive. Wemay not be able to negotiate a transaction that is acceptable to our stockholders or sufficiently protect their interests in a transaction.The regulation allows PRC governmental agencies to assess the economic terms of a business combination transaction. Parties to a business combinationtransaction may have to submit to MOFCOM and other relevant government agencies an appraisal report, an evaluation report, and the acquisition agreement, all ofwhich were a part of the application for approval, depending on the structure of the transaction. The regulation also prohibits a transaction with an acquisition priceobviously lower than the appraised value of the PRC business or assets and in certain transaction structures, and requires consideration being paid within a definedperiod, generally not in excess of a year. The regulation also limits our ability to negotiate various terms of the acquisition, including the initial consideration,contingent consideration, holdback provisions, indemnification provisions, and provisions related to the assumption and allocation of assets and liabilities.Transaction structures involving trusts, nominees and similar entities are prohibited. Therefore, such regulation may impede our ability to negotiate and complete abusiness combination transaction on financial terms that satisfy our investors and protect our stockholders’ economic interests.15Table of ContentsPRC regulation of loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion mayrestrict or prevent us from using the proceeds of our future financings to make loans to our PRC subsidiaries, or to make additional capital contributions toour PRC subsidiary.We, as an offshore holding company, are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC subsidiary, which are treated as foreigninvestedenterprises under PRC laws, through loans or capital contributions. However, loans by us to any PRC subsidiary to finance its activities cannot exceed statutorylimits and must be registered with the local counterpart of SAFE and capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary are subject to the requirement of making necessaryfilings in the Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System, and registration with other governmental authorities in China.SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital ofForeigninvested Enterprises, or Circular 19, effective on June 1, 2015, in replacement of the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvementof the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign Invested Enterprises, or Circular 142, the Notice from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Exchange Businesses, or Circular 59, and theCircular on Further Clarification and Regulation of the Issues Concerning the Administration of Certain Capital Account Foreign Exchange Businesses, orCircular 45. According to Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of a foreigninvestedcompany is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans, the repayment of interenterprise loans or the repayment ofbank loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of aforeign invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within the PRC, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFEwill permit such capital to be used for equity investments in the PRC in actual practice. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, whichreiterates some of the rules set forth in Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registeredcapital of a foreigninvested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to grant loans to nonassociated enterprises.Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. Circular 19 and Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer anyforeign currency we hold, including the net proceeds from our future financings, to our PRC subsidiary, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability tofund and expand our business in the PRC.Due to the restrictions imposed on loans in foreign currencies extended to any PRC domestic companies, we are not likely to make such loans to any of our PRCsubsidiaries. Meanwhile, we are not likely to finance the activities of our subsidiaries by means of capital contributions given the restrictions on foreign investmentin the businesses that are currently conducted by our subsidiaries.In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannotassure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, withrespect to future loans to our PRC subsidiary or any consolidated variable interest entity or future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiary. As a result,uncertainties exist as to our ability to provide prompt financial support to our PRC subsidiaries when needed. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain suchapprovals, our ability to use foreign currency, including the proceeds we received from our future financings, and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operationsmay be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.16Table of ContentsAny failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal oradministrative sanctions.Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas nonpubliclylisted companies may submit applications to SAFE orits local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. In the meantime, our directors, executive officers andother employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year, subject to limitedexceptions, and who have been granted restricted shares, options or restricted share units, or RSUs, by us or our overseas listed subsidiaries may follow the Noticeon Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company,issued by SAFE in February 2012, to apply for the foreign exchange registration. According to those regulations, employees, directors and other managementmembers participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC citizens residing in China for acontinuous period of not less than one year, subject to limited exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which may be aPRC subsidiary of the overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines andlegal sanctions and may also limit their ability to make payment under the relevant equity incentive plans or receive dividends or sales proceeds related thereto inforeign currencies, or our ability to contribute additional capital into our domestic subsidiaries in China and limit our domestic subsidiaries’ ability to distributedividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties under PRC law that could restrict our ability or the ability of our overseas listed subsidiaries to adoptadditional equity incentive plans for our directors and employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period ofnot less than one year, subject to limited exceptions.In addition, the State Administration of Taxation has issued circulars concerning employee share options, restricted shares or RSUs. Under these circulars,employees working in the PRC who exercise share options, or whose restricted shares or RSUs vest, will be subject to PRC individual income tax. The PRCsubsidiaries of an overseas listed company have obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authoritiesand to withhold individual income taxes of those employees related to their share options, restricted shares or RSUs. If the employees fail to pay, or the PRCsubsidiaries fail to withhold, their income taxes according to relevant laws, rules and regulations, the PRC subsidiaries may face sanctions imposed by the taxauthorities.Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a “resident enterprise” of China. Such classification will likely result in unfavorable taxconsequences to us and our nonPRC shareholders.On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress of China passed a new Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law. On November 28, 2007, the State Council ofChina passed its implementing rules, which took effect on January 1, 2008. Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto managementbodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise,” meaning that it can be treated in a manner similar to a Chinese enterprise for enterprise income taxpurposes. The implementing rules of the EIT Law define de facto management as “substantial and overall management and control over the production andoperations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise.On April 22, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice Concerning Relevant Issues Regarding Cognizance of Chinese Investment ControlledEnterprises Incorporated Offshore as Resident Enterprises. According to the Criteria of de facto Management Bodies, or the Notice, further interprets the applicationof the EIT Law and its implementation nonChinese enterprise or group controlled offshore entities. Pursuant to the Notice, an enterprise incorporated in an offshorejurisdiction and controlled by a Chinese enterprise or group will be classified as a “nondomestically incorporated resident enterprise” if (i) its senior management incharge of daily operations reside or perform their duties mainly in China; (ii) its financial or personnel decisions are made or approved by bodies or persons in China;(iii) its substantial assets and properties, accounting books, corporate chops, board and shareholder minutes are kept in China; and (iv) at least half of its directorswith voting rights or senior management often resident in China. A resident enterprise would be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on its worldwideincome and must pay a withholding tax at a rate of 10%, when paying dividends to its nonPRC shareholders. However, it remains unclear as to whether the Notice isapplicable to an offshore enterprise incorporated by a Chinese natural person, nor detailed measures on imposition of tax from nondomestically incorporatedresident enterprises are available. Therefore, it is unclear how tax authorities will determine tax residency based on the facts of each case.17Table of ContentsWe may be deemed to be a resident enterprise by Chinese tax authorities. If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for the PRCenterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on financingproceeds and nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although, under the EIT Law and its implementingrules, dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued a guidance with respect to the processingof outbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for the PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidanceissued with respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation, which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to ournonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC stockholders from transferring our shares.Our failure to fully comply with PRC laws relating to social insurance and housing accumulation fund may expose it to potential administrative penalties. The PRC laws and regulations require all employers in China to fully contribute their own portion to the social insurance and housing accumulation funds for theiremployees within a certain period of time. Failure to do so may expose the employers to make rectification for the unpaid contributions by the relevant laborauthority. As of the date of this report, Hongri PRC has not paid housing accumulation funds for its employees. In addition, Hongri PRC failed to make contributions to thesocial insurance in full amount for its employees before 2014. PRC governmental authorities may impose penalties on Hongri PRC for failure to comply. In addition, inthe event that any current or former employee files a complaint with the PRC government, Hongri PRC may be subject to making up the contributions to the socialinsurance and housing accumulation funds as well as paying administrative fines. The total cost of these contributions and any related fines or penalties could besignificant and could have a material adverse effect on our working capital. We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Chinese anticorruption laws, and any determination that we violated these lawscould have a material adverse effect on our business. We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act, or FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and theirofficials and political parties by U.S. persons and issuers as defined by the statute, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have operations,agreements with third parties, and make most of our sales in China. The PRC also strictly prohibits bribery of government officials. Our activities in China create therisk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company, even though they may not alwaysbe subject to our control. It is our policy to implement safeguards to discourage these practices by our employees. However, our existing safeguards and any futureimprovements may prove to be less than effective, and the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company may engage in conduct for whichwe might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA or Chinese anticorruption laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to otherliabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the U.S. government may seek to hold our Companyliable for successor liability FCPA violations committed by companies in which we invest or that we acquire. If we become directly subject to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.listed Chinese companies, we may have to expendsignificant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations, stock price and reputation, and could result in a loss ofyour investment in our stock, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favorably. In the past few years, U.S. publicly traded companies that have substantially all of their operations in China, particularly companies like us have been the subject ofintense scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators, and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism,and negative publicity has centered around financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, lacking effective internal controls over financial accounting,inadequate corporate governance policies or lacking of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, criticism, and negativepublicity, the publicly traded stocks of many U.S. listed Chinese companies have sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, have become virtually worthless.Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions, and are conducting internal and external investigations into theallegations. It is not clear the effect of this sectorwide scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity will have on our Company, our business, and our stock price. If webecome the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources toinvestigate such allegations defending our Company. This situation will be costly, time consuming, and distract our management from growing our company.18Table of ContentsThe disclosures in our reports and other filings with the SEC and our other public pronouncements will not be subject to the scrutiny of any regulatory bodiesin the PRC. Accordingly, our public disclosure should be reviewed in light of the fact that no governmental agency that is located in China where all of ouroperations and business are located have conducted any due diligence on our operations or reviewed or cleared any of our disclosure. Unlike public reporting companies whose operations are located primarily in the United States, however, all of our operations will be located in China. Since all of ouroperations and business takes place in China, it may be more difficult for the Staff of the SEC to overcome the geographic and cultural obstacles that are presentwhen reviewing our disclosure. These same obstacles are not present for similar companies whose operations or business take place entirely or primarily in theUnited States. Furthermore, our SEC reports and other disclosure and public pronouncements are not subject to the review or scrutiny of any PRC regulatoryauthority. For example, the disclosure in our SEC reports and other filings are not subject to the review of the CSRC, a PRC regulator that is tasked with oversight ofthe capital markets in China. Accordingly, you should review our SEC reports, filings and our other public pronouncements with the understanding that no localregulator has done any due diligence on our company and with the understanding that none of our SEC reports, other filings or any of our other publicpronouncements has been reviewed or otherwise been scrutinized by any local regulator. Proceedings instituted by the SEC against five PRCbased accounting firms could result in financial statements being determined to be not in compliance withthe requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.In December 2012, the SEC instituted proceedings under Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) of the SEC’s Rules of Practice against five PRCbased accounting firms alleging that thesefirms had violated U.S. securities laws and the SEC’s rules and regulations thereunder by failing to provide to the SEC the firms’ work papers related to their audits ofcertain PRCbased companies that are publicly traded in the United States. Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) grants to the SEC the authority to deny to any person, temporarily orpermanently, the ability to practice before the SEC who is found by the SEC, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, to have willfully violated, or willfully aidedand abetted the violation of, any such laws or rules and regulations. On January 22, 2014, an initial administrative law decision was issued, sanctioning four of theseaccounting firms and suspending them from practicing before the SEC for a period of six months. The sanction will not take effect until there is an order ofeffectiveness issued by the SEC. In February 2014, four of these PRCbased accounting firms filed a petition for review of the initial decision. In February 2015, eachof these four accounting firms agreed to a censure and to pay fine to the SEC to settle the dispute with the SEC. The settlement stays the current proceeding for fouryears, during which time the firms are required to follow detailed procedures to seek to provide the SEC with access to Chinese firms’ audit documents via the CSRC.If a firm does not follow the procedures, the SEC would impose penalties such as suspensions, or commence a new, expedited administrative proceeding against thenoncompliant firm or it could restart the administrative proceeding against all four firms.If our independent registered public accounting firm were denied, temporarily or permanently, the ability to practice before the SEC, and we are unable to find in atimely manner another registered public accounting firm which can audit and issue a report on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determinedto not be in compliance with the requirements for financial statements of public companies with a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the SEC’s revocation of the registration of our common stock under theExchange Act, which would cause the immediate delisting of our common stock from the NASDAQ Capital Market, and the effective termination of the tradingmarket for our common stock in the United States, which would likely have a significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.19Table of ContentsOur holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should we decide inthe future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depend upon the receipts of dividends or other payments fromour operating subsidiaries, other holdings, and investments. In addition, our operating subsidiaries, from time to time, may be subject to restrictions on their abilityto make distributions to us, including as a result of restrictive covenants in loan agreements, restrictions on the conversion of local currency into U.S. dollars orother hard currency, and other regulatory restrictions as discussed below. If future dividends are paid in RMB, fluctuations in the exchange rate for conversion ofRMB into U.S. dollars may reduce the amount received by the U.S. stockholders upon conversion of dividend payments into U.S. dollars.Chinese regulations currently permit the payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards andregulations. Our subsidiaries in China are also required to set aside a portion of their aftertax profits to fund certain reserve funds according to the Chineseaccounting standards and regulations. Currently, our subsidiaries in China are the only sources of revenues or investment holdings for the payment of dividends. Ifthey do not accumulate sufficient profits under Chinese accounting standards and regulations to satisfy certain reserve funds as required by the Chineseaccounting standards, we will be unable to pay any dividends.Aftertax profits/losses with respect to the payment of dividends from accumulated profits and the annual appropriation of aftertax profits as calculated pursuant tothe Chinese accounting standards and regulations do not result in significant differences as compared to aftertax earnings as presented in our financial statements.However, there are certain differences between PRC accounting standards and regulations and U.S. GAAP, arising from different treatment of items such asamortization of intangible assets and change in fair value of contingent consideration rising from business combinations.RISKS RELATED TO THIS OFFERING AND THE MARKET FOR OUR SECURITIES GENERALLYIf we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of NASDAQ, we would face possible delisting, which would result in a limited public market for ourshares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Our common stock is traded and listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “KBSF.” The common stock may be delisted if we fail to maintain certainNasdaq listing requirements. For instance, companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bidprice per share of $1.00 for 30 consecutive business days. On March 3, 2016, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the 30 consecutive businessdays between January 20, 2016 and March 2, 2016, the bid price of our common stock closed below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQListing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued inclusion on The NASDAQ Capital Market. In accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we had an initial graceperiod of 180 calendar days, or until August 30, 2016, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. After the Company effectuated a oneforfifteenreverse stock split of the outstanding common stock, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq on February 27, 2017 stating that because the Company maintainedthe closing bid price of its common stock at $1.00 per share or greater from February 9 to February 24, 2017, they determined that the Company has regainedcompliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement.We cannot ensure you that we will continue to comply with the requirements for continued listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If our commonstock is no longer listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market, our shares would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our shares could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, andsecurity analysts’ coverage of us may be reduced. In addition, in the event our shares are delisted, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed uponthem, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions in our shares, further limiting the liquidity of our shares. These factors could result in lowerprices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our shares. Such delisting from The NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our shareprice could also greatly impair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing, and could significantly increase the ownershipdilution to shareholders caused by our issuing equity in financing or other transactions.20Table of ContentsIf we were delisted from NASDAQ, we may become subject to the trading complications experienced by “Penny Stocks” in the overthecounter market.Delisting from NASDAQ may cause our shares of common stock to become the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. The SEC generally defines a penny stock as an equitysecurity that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. One such exemption is tobe listed on NASDAQ. The market price of our common stock is currently higher than $1.00 per share. However, because the daily trading volume in our commonstock is very low, significant price movement can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Therefore, were we to be delisted from NASDAQ,our common stock may become subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. These rules require, among other things, that any broker engaging in a purchase or sale ofour securities provide its customers with: (i) a risk disclosure document, (ii) disclosure of market quotations, if any, (iii) disclosure of the compensation of the brokerand its salespersons in the transaction and (iv) monthly account statements showing the market values of our securities held in the customer’s accounts. A brokerwould be required to provide the bid and offer quotations and compensation information before effecting the transaction. This information must be contained on thecustomer’s confirmation. Generally, brokers are less willing to effect transactions in penny stocks due to these additional delivery requirements. These requirementsmay make it more difficult for shareholders to purchase or sell our shares. Because the broker, not us, prepares this information, we would not be able to assure thatsuch information is accurate, complete or current.Trading in our shares over the last three months has been very limited, so our stock price is highly volatile, leading to the possibility that you may not be able tosell as much stock as you want at prevailing prices.Because approximately 70% of our then issued and outstanding shares of common stock was tendered in the tender offering closed on July 29, 2014, we currentlyhave a limited amount of shares eligible for public trading. The average daily trading volume in our common stock over the last three months is very limited. If limitedtrading in our common stock continues, it may be difficult for investors to sell their shares in the public market at any given time at prevailing prices. Moreover, themarket price for shares of our common stock may be made more volatile because of the relatively low volume of trading in our common stock. When trading volumeis low, significant price movement of our common stock can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Volatility in our common stock couldcause stockholders to incur substantial losses.Numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly.There are numerous additional factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly. Thesefactors include:●our earnings releases, actual or anticipated changes in our earnings, fluctuations in our operating results or our failure to meet the expectations of financialmarket analysts and investors;●changes in financial estimates by us or by any securities analysts who might cover our shares;●speculation about our business in the press or the investment community;●significant developments relating to our relationships with our customers or suppliers;●stock market price and volume fluctuations of other publicly traded companies and, in particular, those that are in our industries;●customer demand for our products;●investor perceptions of our industry in general and our company in particular;●the operating and stock performance of comparable companies;●general economic conditions and trends;●major catastrophic events;●announcements by us or our competitors of new products, significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships or divestitures;●changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretation or principles;●loss of external funding sources;●sales of our shares, including sales by our directors, officers or significant shareholders; and●additions or departures of key personnel.21Table of ContentsSecurities class action litigation is often instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their share price. This type of litigation could result insubstantial costs to us and divert our management’s attention and resources. Moreover, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price andvolume fluctuations for reasons unrelated to operating performance of particular companies. For example, in July 2008, the securities markets in the United States,China and other jurisdictions experienced the largest decline in share prices since September 2001. These market fluctuations may adversely affect the price of ourshares and other interests in our company at a time when you want to sell your interest in us.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and do not anticipate paying any cashdividends on our shares. Accordingly, investors must be prepared to rely on sales of their shares after price appreciation to earn an investment return, which maynever occur. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our shares. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion ofour Board of Directors, and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable laws, and otherfactors our board deems relevant.Certain of our shareholders hold a significant percentage of our outstanding voting securities.Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, is the beneficial owner of approximately 37% of our outstanding voting securities. As a result, hepossesses significant influence and can elect a majority of our board of directors and authorize or prevent proposed significant corporate transactions. Hisownership and control may also have the effect of delaying or preventing a future change in control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other businesscombination or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer.Our outstanding warrants may adversely affect the market price of our shares of common stock.There are currently 393,836 warrants outstanding. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50. The sale orpossibility of sale of the shares underlying the warrants could have an adverse effect on the market price for our shares of common stock or our ability to obtainfuture financing. If and to the extent these warrants are exercised, you may experience dilution to your holdings.You will not be able to exercise your redeemable warrants if we do not have an effective registration statement and a prospectus in place when you desire to doso.No redeemable warrants will be exercisable, and we will not be obligated to issue shares of common stock upon exercise of redeemable warrants by a holder unless,at the time of such exercise, we have a registration statement or posteffective amendment under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuableupon the exercise of the redeemable warrants and a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Under the terms of a redeemable warrant agreementbetween American Stock Transfer & Trust Company as warrant agent, and us, we have agreed to use our best efforts to have a registration statement in effectcovering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants from the date the redeemable warrants become exercisable and to maintain acurrent prospectus relating to shares of common stock until the redeemable warrants expire or are redeemed, and to take such action as is necessary to qualify theshares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants for sale in those states in which the IPO was initially qualified. However, we cannotassure you that we will be able to do so. We may be unable to have a registration statement in effect covering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of theredeemable warrants or to maintain a current prospectus relating to such shares of common stock if, for example, we lack the current financial statements necessaryto be included in such registration statement or prospectus. We have no obligation to settle the redeemable warrants for cash, in any event, and the redeemablewarrants may not be exercised and we will not deliver securities therefor in the absence of an effective registration statement and a prospectus available for use. Theredeemable warrants may be deprived of any value, the market for the redeemable warrants may be limited if there is no registration statement in effect covering theshares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the redeemable warrants or the prospectus relating to the shares of common stock issuable upon the exerciseof the redeemable warrants is not current and the redeemable warrants may expire worthless. If you are unable to exercise or sell your redeemable warrants, you willhave paid the full unit price for only the shares of common stock underlying the units.22Table of ContentsHolders of warrants included in the placement units may exercise these warrants even if an effective registration statement and a prospectus is not in place,which means they may be able to exercise such warrants while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.Unlike the warrants underlying the units issued in connection with our IPO, the warrants included in the placement units will not be restricted from being exercisedin the absence of a registration statement under the Securities Act in effect covering the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the such warrantsand a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Therefore, the holders thereof will be able to exercise such warrants regardless of whether the issuanceof the underlying shares of common stock is registered under the Securities Act, while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.We are a “foreign private issuer” and have disclosure obligations that are different than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. Therefore, you should notexpect to receive the same information about us as a U.S. domestic reporting company may provide. Furthermore, if we or lose our status as a foreign privateissuer, we would be required to fully comply with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers and incur significantoperational, administrative, legal, and accounting costs that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer.We are a foreign private issuer. As a result, we are not subject to certain of the requirements imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the SEC. For example, we arenot required by the SEC or the federal securities laws to issue quarterly reports or file proxy statements with the SEC. We are also allowed to file our annual reportwith the SEC within four months of our fiscal year end. We are also not required to disclose certain detailed information regarding executive compensation that isrequired from U.S. domestic issuers. Further, our directors and executive officers are not required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Securities Act. Asa foreign private issuer, we are also exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups ofinvestors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. We are, however, still subject to the antifraud and antimanipulation rules ofthe SEC, such as Rule 10b5. Since many of the disclosure obligations required of us as a foreign private issuer are different than those required by U.S. domesticreporting companies, our shareholders should not expect to receive all of the same types of information about us and at the same time as information is receivedfrom, or provided by, U.S. domestic reporting companies. We are liable for violations of the rules and regulations of the SEC, which do apply to us as a foreignprivate issuer. Violations of these rules could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain NASDAQ corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. Thismay afford less protection to holders of our securities.We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. As a foreign private issuer,we are permitted to follow the governance practices of our home country, the Republic of the Marshall Islands in lieu of certain corporate governance requirementsof Nasdaq. As result, the standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not requiredto:●have a compensation committee and a nominating committee to be comprised solely of “independent directors; and●hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the Company’s fiscal yearend.As a result, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.Future sales or perceived sales of our shares of common stock could depress our stock price.As of the date of this report, we have 2,591,299 shares of common stock outstanding. Many of these shares will become eligible for sale in the public market, subjectto limitations imposed by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. If the holders of these shares were to attempt to sell a substantial amount of their holdings at once, themarket price of our common stock could decline. Moreover, the perceived risk of this potential dilution could cause shareholders to attempt to sell their shares andinvestors to short the common stock, a practice in which an investor sells shares that he or she does not own at prevailing market prices, hoping to purchase shareslater at a lower price to cover the sale. As each of these events would cause the number of shares of our common stock being offered for sale to increase, ourcommon stock market price would likely further decline. All of these events could combine to make it very difficult for us to sell equity or equityrelated securities inthe future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.23Table of ContentsHolders of our securities may face difficulties in protecting their interests because we are incorporated under the Republic of the Marshall Islands law.We are a company incorporated under the laws of the Marshall Islands, and almost all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, majority of ourdirectors and officers, and their assets, are located outside of the United States. As a result, you may have difficulty serving legal process within the United Statesupon us or any of these persons. You may also have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside the United States, judgments you may obtain in U.S. courts against usor these persons in any action, including actions based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal or state securities laws. You may also have difficultybringing an original action in the appropriate court of the Marshall Islands to enforce liabilities against us or any person based upon the U.S. federal securities laws.Provisions of our articles of incorporation may impede a takeover or make it more difficult for shareholders to change the direction or management of theCompany, which could reduce shareholders’ opportunity to influence management of the Company.Our articles of incorporation permit our board of directors to issue up to five million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 from time to time, with suchrights and preferences as they consider appropriate. These terms may include voting rights including the right to vote as a series on particular matters, preferencesas to dividends and liquidation, conversion rights and redemption rights provisions. The issuance of any preferred stock could reduce the value of our commonstock. In addition, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell assets to, a third party. Theability of the board of directors to issue preferred stock could make it more difficult, delay, discourage, prevent or make it more costly to acquire or effect a changeincontrol, which in turn could prevent shareholders from recognizing a gain in the event that a favorable offer is extended and could materially and negatively affectthe market price of our common stock.ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANYA.History and Development of the CompanyWe are a Republic of the Marshall Islands Company incorporated under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BDA”) on January 26, 2012. We wereoriginally organized under the name “Aquasition Corp.” for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, orsimilar acquisition transaction, one or more operating businesses or assets. The address of the Company’s principal executive office is Xingfengge Building,Baogaiyupu Industrial Park, Shishi City, Fujian Province of china.On March 24, 2014, we entered into a share exchange agreement and plan of liquidation (the “Exchange Agreement”), with KBS International, Hongri International, athen wholly owned subsidiary of KBS International and Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, each an individual and shareholder of KBS International (each, a“Principal Stockholder”). The Exchange Agreement was subsequently amended on June 21, 2014. The transactions contemplated in the Exchange Agreement (the“Share Exchange”) were closed on August 1, 2014. At the closing, we acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interest in Hongri International from KBSInternational. In exchange, we issued an aggregate of 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company to KBS International. In addition, on July 29, 2014, wecompleted a tender offer related to the Share Exchange and redeemed the 332,116 shares of common stock validly tendered and not withdrawn. Pursuant to theExchange Agreement, KBS International was liquidated and dissolved in August 2014 and the 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company were distributed toeach shareholder of KBS International according to their respective ownership of KBS International. As a result, following the consummation of the Share Exchange,we had a total of 1,694,489 shares of common stock outstanding.24Table of ContentsOn October 31, 2014, we held a special shareholder meeting and amended our Articles of Incorporation to change our name to KBS Fashion Group Limited.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.On March 29, 2016, we granted an aggregate of 73,334 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their past services in 2015 and future services to be provided in 2016.On July 10, 2017, we granted an aggregate of 215,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company as compensationsfor their services.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their services.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 registered shares of common stock pursuant to our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to our executive officers,directors and certain employees as compensations for their services.On March 29, 2019, our board of directors approved the issuance of 15,000 shares of common stock to our Investor Relationship firm as compensation for theirservices. The issuance of the shares was made in reliance on the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), for theoffer and sale of securities not involving a public offering, and Regulation S promulgated thereunder. None of the shares have been registered under the Act andneither may be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.25Table of ContentsCorporate StructureAll of our business operations are conducted through our PRC subsidiaries. The chart below presents our corporate structure as of the date of this report. The Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regardingissuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.Our web site address is http://www.kbsfashion.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of thisAnnual Report.Principal Capital Expenditures and DivestituresFor the year ended December 31, 2018, our total capital expenditures and divestitures were $nil. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, our total capitalexpenditures and divestitures were $849,199 and $45,445, respectively. Such expenditures were primarily used construction of production facility and purchasing fireprotection facility. Our operating cash flow mainly funded these capital expenditures.B.Business OverviewWe are a leading casual menswear company in China with a demonstrated track record of designing, marketing, and selling our own line of fashion menswear. Ourproducts include men’s apparel, footwear and accessories, primarily targeting urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 in the Tier II and Tier III cities in China.Tier II cities generally refer to major cities located in each province of China other than the capital city of such province. Tier III cities generally refer to countylevelcities in China. Tier III cities that we focus on are the national top 100 county cities identified by the State Statistics Bureau of China each year. These cities arecharacterized by higher GDP, higher disposable income, better education and better infrastructure as compared with other countylevel cities.26Table of ContentsOur apparel products include outerwear, knitwear, denim, tops, bottoms, accessories and footwear. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products,each year with a different theme to highlight the current trends in menswear for the season.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by the company and 40 franchised stores operated by 14 third party distributors or their subdistributors. The number of stores has grown from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017and 2016, sales through our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues respectively, and sales through distributors and whole sellersaccounted for 73%, 66.5% and 78% of our revenues, respectively. Total revenue from corporate stores sales for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $7.0million for 2017 and $5.53 million for 2016.From 2009 through 2018, total net sales decreased from $28.1 million to $18.53 million while the net profit decreased from $9.0 million to a net loss of $8 million.Our Competitive StrengthsWe believe that the following competitive strengths enable us to compete effectively in and capitalize on the growing casual menswear industry in China.●There is a sizable market for our products. We believe that we have a sizeable potential market. Our target customers are male middleclass consumers inthe 2040 age range. According to the national census in 2018, the population in China between 1659 yearsold was approximately 900 million. Our targetgroup falls into this category and is estimated to be more than 200 million people. As a result of the growing affluence in the PRC and increased purchasingpower of the PRC population, we believe that PRC consumers are becoming more willing and able to purchase casual menswear. In addition, we believe thatthe purchasing decision of PRC consumers is becoming more predicated upon brand image, product design and style, rather than just price considerations.With rising affluence and improvement in lifestyle, we also believe the overall Chinese population is generally growing more brand name conscious andstyle oriented and has shown a propensity for increased spending on casual menswear.●We have a strong focus on design and product development. We believe that our inhouse design and product development capabilities allow us to createunique products that appeal to our customers. We have established a strong inhouse design and product development team of 20 employees as of April26, 2019. Our team identifies new fashion trends by attending fashion shows and exhibitions as well as by drawing from creative ideas in magazines andother media. Each spring and fall, we carefully plan and create a new product line for our fall/winter and spring/summer collections of 727 SKU thatencompasses our full range of product offerings, including outerwear, tops, bottoms and accessories. We introduce new design elements into our productlines each season. With our highly skilled and creative team of designers, we have extensive experience in creating unique designs to meet the preferencesand needs of our target customer base.●Our trademarked brand has earned a following in China. Our brand was developed in 2006. Our marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design andmade for Chinese.” Our customers are middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range. We believe that their products’ concept, marketing, design andpackaging fully match with the prowestern attitude and life styles of their target customers. We believe the KBS brand is essential to our success topenetrate to the casual menswear market in China.●We have an extensive and wellmanaged nationwide distribution network. We have an extensive distribution network throughout China. As of December31, 2018, we had 1 KBS branded corporate stores and 32 franchised stores across 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. TheKBS branded corporate stores are required to sell only our products. We have been building up our selected distributor network since 2007. As ofDecember 31, 2018, we had 11 distributors operating 32 franchised stores. All of our distributors have been working with us from 1 to 10 years. We selectour distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry, sales channels, business resources, brand promotioncapabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. Our distributors help us respond to changing consumer tastes in a timelymanner by providing regular feedback on our products at our semiannual sales fairs and frequent communications. The financial resources of ourdistributors allow us to expand our retail network with less working capital investment from us than would be required for establishing direct stores, as ourdistributors are responsible for the store rentals and cost of inventory in their stores. We sold a substantial amount of our products through ourdistributors, which have allowed us to distribute our products to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge ofour distributors and their sub distributors. We believe that our distribution network has enabled us to expand our business and increase our salesefficiently and with less operational risk. This model has also minimized our operational risk because we typically start production after we receive ordersfrom our distributors. We believe that using a distribution network to sell a substantial amount of our KBS products has enabled us to devote ourresources to our core competitive strengths of design, brand management and product development.27Table of Contents●We have an experienced management team. Our management team has extensive R&D, marketing and financial experience, led by our Chief ExecutiveOfficer, Mr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has over 27 years of experience in the apparel industry and also has developed a differentiated product by internationalcooperation with a Korean designer. After working in the garment industry for more than 16 years, Mr. Yan acquired and developed the KBS brand. Withhis strong understanding of the apparel industry, Mr. Yan has successfully established this brand name in the market. We are committed to attract andretain top management level executives who we believe are and will continue to be the driving force behind our product development and growth.Our Growth StrategyWe intend to further strengthen our market position in the casual menswear market in China by implementing the following strategies:●We plan to expand our online business and purchase one or more online sales platforms or online stores. Together with the change in consumer trends,online sales is now the most important sales channel in Chinese market and is becoming increasingly important globally. Sales from our stores anddistributors have been steadily decreasing, and we are now in the process of identifying the best possible ways to establish and expand our onlinebusiness. We plan to research and purchase one or more online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that KBS will have better opportunities toexpand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores in year 2019, and the management of KBS will keep on exploring other areas and businessmodels, such as the use of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends. We consider that ourpolicy to expand our outreach using new technologies will add significant shareholder value.●We plan to expand our OEM sales by attracting more reputable and longterm clients. We just had the renewal of a framework sales contract with twomajor current customers: Hangzhou Zhi Yin Apparel Clothes Co., Ltd and Hangzhou Yiyuan Apparel Co., Ltd. These two sales contracts are expected togenerate approximately RMB 28 million in total, of which RMB 20 million relates to Hangzhou Ziyin of new 450,000 orders and RMB 8 million relates toHangzhou Yiyuan of new 160,000 orders for this year. We are also expanding our OEM business and to get more clients, especially to focus on onlineproviders, as they have expanded their market share over the past years quickly together with the change in Chinese consumer’s preferences and occupy alarge market share. By the time when we start executing the orders, we expect that we can have sustainable and increasing business.●We plan to invest in a Greece Based Private Smart Tech Apparel Company. We signed a letter of intent with Tribe, one of the most innovative smartclothing technology companies internationally. If the transaction is consummated, we conceive that this investment will enhance and expand significantlyour client network and products offering. The smart clothing market is expected to surpass the 2 trillion US dollars in size in 2019 and we believe we are wellpositioned to capture a part of this market in the wider region.28Table of Contents●We plan to continue to raise the profile of the KBS brand through enhanced advertising and promotional activities. We believe that the strongassociation of KBS brand with our concept of “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese” has helped drive our brand positioning and customers’receptivity to our products. We intend to further build our brand and deliver a consistent brand image from product design to sales and marketing. We seekto promote and enhance our presence in China’s casual menswear market by continuing to adopt proactive marketing strategies and produce high quality,well designed casual menswear for our target market. In particular, we aim to increase awareness of our brand through: (1) multichannel advertisingstrategies through national television, fashion magazines, billboards and other media channels; (2) further assisting our distributors’ regional advertisingefforts; (3) distinctive store and product launch campaigns, including special events for new product launches and largescale grand opening events fornew stores, particularly new corporate stores; (4) update of the decoration and layout of a number of existing stores which have been in operation for yearsto improve the shopping experience; (5) participation in fashion shows; and (6) sponsorships of selected highimpact events. We believe that theseadvertising and promotional activities will help to further strengthen brand awareness in our target market and enhance customer loyalty.●We plan to expand and build upon our design and product development capabilities. We intend to further strengthen our design and productdevelopment capabilities by accelerating the commercialization of design concepts, expanding our product offerings and continuing to develop what webelieve is unique casual menswear. We plan to further invest in design and product development and expand our design and product development team byattracting talented designers, either domestic or international, and training young graduates from leading fashion design institutes. We believe thatcombining western fashion design experience with our local designer’s understanding of the China market and aesthetic will enable us to create fashionableyet popular casual menswear for consumers in China. We also intend to cooperate with our suppliers to develop new materials and fabrics which we believewill give customers a unique fashion product and create new market opportunities. We believe that our focus on designing unique and quality casualmenswear will allow us to maintain our competitiveness and help to enhance our sales and overall profitability.●We plan to expand our production capacity to expand and diversify our product offerings. Our production facility is located in Taihu City, AnhuiProvince, China, consisting of total 110,557 square meters of land. Currently this facility has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per yearand can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famous sportswear producers, some successful onlinebrand stores and fulfill some overseas orders. The construction of our facility commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases: Phase 1 consists of theconstruction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We have completed theconstruction of facilities for Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Although we have the designed capacity of 5 million pieces yearly, the facilitycurrently may only produce 2 million pieces per year. Phase 3 construction has been delayed because the local government needs additional time toconclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 canbe continued. Phase 4 will include production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quarters and livingfacilities. Upon completion, the new facility is expected to have a production capacity of 20 million pieces and accommodate 5,000 workers. Please see“Production” below for a more complete explanation of our plans for the expansion of our production capacity. We anticipate that the new productionfacility will allow us to further refine our existing product lines by offering more styles within our existing apparel and accessories categories and tointroduce additional, complementary apparel and accessories categories into our product line. We currently introduce 500 to 900 different styles ofproducts each year and intend to increase the number of our product offerings in the future.●We plan to expand our international market and attract more orders from overseas. Starting from year 2016, we have been awarded international OEMorders for producing clothes with overseas brands. Such orders are usually large and continuous. Due to the completion of phase 2 construction of ourAnhui factory, we have enough production capacity to take on large orders. The current utilization rate of the Anhui factory is still quite low and we expectto invest more in attracting more large orders from overseas.The KBS BrandWe are engaged in a highly competitive industry in which brand image and recognition is critical to attracting customers to purchase our products. We haveadopted KBS as a uniform brand name and image for all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. The KBS brand was created byMs. Qinghua Ye in 2006 and registered with the trademark administration authority in 2008. Subsequently, Ms. Ye assigned the KBS trademark to Hongri PRC in2008. In 2009, Hongri PRC transferred this trademark to France Cock, which then licensed such trademark back to Hongri PRC. Based on our sharp rise in revenuesince 2006, we believe that the KBS brand has gained a following in the casual menswear market in the cities where our products are sold.29Table of ContentsTo promote our brand, we have developed and implemented brand management policies in all of our corporate stores and franchised stores. Our brand managementpolicies set out detailed requirements for store decorations and display of products. This enables us to project a consistent brand image. In addition, each season,our design and product development team develops display concepts, including the presentation of our collections in the stores and the color schemes for thebackdrops. We also work closely with our distributors to supervise the daily operations of franchised stores through unscheduled visits to ensure that our brandmanagement policies are properly followed.We may suspend the supply of our products or terminate distribution agreements in the event that any of our distributors or their subdistributors consistently failsto comply with our brand management policies.Our ProductsOur apparel products include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, socks and caps. In 2018, thesuggested retail prices of our products ranged from RMB 15 to RMB1,599 (approximately $2 to $237) for our apparel products and RMB178 to RMB1599(approximately $26 to $236) for our accessory products. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products, each year with a different theme tohighlight the current trends in menswear for the season.Our DesignWe believe one of our key strengths is our internal design and product development team, which designs products that reinforce our brand image. Major parts ofour products are designed by our internal design and product development team with the collaboration of Korean designers. As of December 31, 2018, our designand product development team consisted of 20 members, including one senior designer with over five years of working experience. Final design concepts areapproved by Mr. Keyan Yan, who has more than 27 years of experience in the industry. All of the other designers are graduates of professional design schools inChina. We believe that our design and product development team is innovative and passionate and that the individual experience of each of our designers helpsbring new and exciting products to our customers. Our design and product development team conceptualizes each season’s collections through an interactiveprocess, taking into account our brand strategy, product image and market feedback, drawing inspirations from domestic and international fashion trends andcollaborating with both our suppliers and distributors to finetune our designs. In particular, we collaborate with our suppliers to develop a variety of materials andfabrics for our products. We also involve distributors in our product selection process to take advantage of their market intelligence, which helps us to adapt toconstantly changing customer preferences in local markets. Our designers also attend various domestic and international fashion shows to keep abreast of the latestfashion trends.Starting from year 2015, design of our products comes from three channels. In addition to designing products by our inhouse staff, we outsource to certainreputable designers. From time to time, our ODMs also will directly sell their designed products to us.In a typical year, we design and make around 1,500 prototypes. After the initial product selection, internal cost analysis of approved prototypes and final selectionby distributors at the sales fairs, we eventually select approximately 750 designs for mass production. Final design of all of our products will be approved by ourChairman, Mr. Yan.Our Distribution NetworkWe have established a nationwide distribution network consisting of corporate stores and franchised stores covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrallyadministered municipalities.Corporate StoresAs of December 31, 2018, we owned and operated 1 corporate store with the floor area of approximately 120 square meters. As part of our corporate strategy, weclosed 17 corporate stores in last two years because of the low profitability of certain corporate stores. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, salesthrough our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues, respectively.30Table of ContentsWe directly own and operate our corporate store. This direct control enables us to have closer relationship with our ultimate customers and better understanding ofmarket trends and consumer preferences. Required capital for opening of each store depends on the location and area of the designated store. On average, therenovation cost per store is around $67,000 and the first year of rent payment is around $140,000 including premium paid to the previous owner. Rental period variesfrom two to five years. The total capital required to open a new store is generally around $207,000 per store. Once negotiation of rent is concluded, it takes one totwo months to open up a store. We usually open up stores right before a peak season, such as labor holiday in May, National holiday in October and Chinese NewYear in January/February. On average, new stores break even after one to three months of operation.We currently have one standard designs for our corporate stores located in Fujian Province. They were considered as flagship stores for our distributors’ reference.Because in year 2016 and 2015 we closed some corporate stores, the inventories of these stores were cleared through promotion exhibitions we held in the thirdtiercities at lower prices.For corporate stores opened in second tier cities, we normally have a higher aesthetic standard compared with corporate stores in third and fourth tier cities. Wegenerally locate our corporate stores at street level to access high pedestrian flow. Normally, we will sell inseason stock in our secondtier city corporate stores. Oursecondtier city corporate stores are also designed to showcase our marketability to potential distributors so as to induce them to join our distributorship. For storesopened in the third and fourth tier cities, we normally sell some of our slowmoving or offseason stock at a discount due to our awareness of the generally lesseramount of disposable income available to residents of these cities. During certain times of the year, such as the New Year, Chinese New Year and Labor Day, we willorganize promotional discounts together with our franchised stores to attract more customers and increase our stock turnover.Franchised StoresWe sell a substantial amount of our products to our franchised distributors who in turn sell them to retail customers through KBS branded retail stores operated byour distributors or their subdistributors. Since 2013, we have also been selling products to 3 provincial distributors without their own stores, or the nostoredistributors, on a trial basis. We do not have any ownership in, or controlling relationship with, these franchised stores, but we have entered into distributionagreements with them in the Company’s standard form, pursuant to which we require distributors and their subdistributors to sell only KBS products in thesestores. Distributors are responsible for selecting and ordering products from us and overseeing the sales in the stores operated by them and their subdistributors.By selling directly to our distributors, we can recognize revenues upon delivery to our distributors and delegate the distribution responsibilities to our distributors.This allows us to distribute our merchandise to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge of our distributors and theirsubdistributors. This also minimizes our inventory and sales risks while allowing us to allocate our resources to our core competitive strengths of design, brandmanagement and product development. We believe that our cooperation with distributors has enabled us to expand our business and accelerate our sales growth atmuch lower costs and operational risk and achieve brand recognition throughout China.We have been building up our selected franchised distributor network since 2007. As of December 31, 2018, we had 11 franchised distributors who operated 32 retailstores directly or through their subdistributors, all of which were standalone stores, which were typically located in commercial centers, including departmentstores or shopping malls, in their cities. All these distributors have worked with us for about 1 to 8 years. We have not encountered any material dispute or financialdifficulty with our key distributors. The average floor area of each retail store was approximately 78 square meters as of December 2018. The number of retail storeshas grown significantly in recent years from 7 as of December 31, 2006, with the aggregate floor area increasing from 560 square meters as of December 31, 2006 to2,635 square meters as of December 31, 2018. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, sales through our distributors accounted for 73%, 63.3% and78% of our revenues, respectively. 31Table of ContentsDuring each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we had no customer exceeding 10% of our net sales.Sales generated by our five bestperforming franchised distributors accounted for approximately 29.3%, 23.8% and 28.3% of our revenues in the years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Those top distributors have been with us since 2007 or 2008 and have grown organically with us. At the same time,we are exploring more distributors in other regions including relatively small distributors to grow with their businesses. Although we rely on distributors for thesales and marketing of our products, we believe our business is not substantially dependent on any individual distributor.We are highly selective in appointing distributors. We select our distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry,sales channels, business resources, brand promotion capabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. We maintain good relationshipswith many regional or local distributor candidates which we identify through our internal research and external referrals but only appoint a handful of them tobecome our distributors. We evaluate the relevant experience of the distributor candidates in operating retail stores, their financial condition and sources of fundingrequired for the establishment of a regional distribution network and their ability to develop a network of retail stores in the designated distribution region of a givendistributor before we make any appointment.Once appointed, each distributor must enter into a distribution agreement with us. We do not own any interest in any of our distributors, their subdistributors orthe retail stores they operate. The distribution agreements we typically enter into with distributors do not allow us to be involved in the daily operating, financing orother activities of the distributors, except that distributors need to comply with our brand management policies and pricing and store management guidelines. Keyterms of our standard distribution agreement include:●Product Exclusivity. Our distributors are required to sell only our products at KBS branded retail outlets managed by them or authorized retailers.●Geographic Coverage. Distributors are granted exclusive rights to distribute our products (directly and indirectly through their subdistributors) in theretail stores within the specified geographic area with no overlapping of distributors within our distribution network. However, we retain the right to operatedirect stores anywhere regardless of whether we have appointed distributors there.●Duration. The distribution agreements generally have an initial term of one year and are renewable at our discretion after taking into account factors suchas compliance with our brand management policies and sales performance.●Distributor Pricing. Distributors agree to order our products at a discount from our suggested retail prices. The discounted wholesale prices todistributors are classified into the following three categories: provincial distributor at a discount of 35% of retail price, district distributor is 30% of retailprice and the wholesale distributor is 25% of retail price.●Minimum Purchase Requirement. Each of our distributors is customarily expected to purchase a minimum amount of our products for each trade fair heldbiannually according to their present and expected distribution network. The minimum is typically RMB800,000 (approximately $110,000) for each store.●Payment and Delivery. Normally, we expect distributors to pay us RMB0.5 million (approximately $74,000) to RMB1 million (approximately $148,148) as adeposit upon placing an order. Upon delivery of the orders, we will deduct amounts on deposit from the purchase price. For new and small districtdistributors, we normally require them to pay the balance before the delivery of its products. We may also accept payment on credit terms to the extentrequested by distributors experiencing working capital difficulties or encouraging them to order more. The amount and duration of credit granted to eachdistributor will depend on its financial position and creditworthiness. We handle the arrangements for delivery of our products, but the distributors arenormally expected to bear the related costs and expenses.32Table of Contents●Return of Products. We will only accept product returns from distributors for quality reasons and only if the distributors followed our standard proceduresin processing the returned products. So far, we have not experienced any product returns due to expressed quality reasons.●Retail Pricing. Other than at times when we launch promotional campaigns or adjust our strategies, distributors must adopt, and are required to procuretheir subdistributors to adopt, our suggested retail prices for products. Distributors must obtain our consent before launching any distributor specificspecial offers.●Brand Management. Distributors must comply with our brand management policies and store management guidelines. We may impose penalties, forfeitureof deposit, suspend supply of products and terminate the agreement in the event of any breach of such policies.●Termination. We may generally terminate the distribution agreements and seek indemnification in the event of breach by distributors. In the event of sometypes of breach, we may not terminate the agreement but have other remedies. For example, if a distributor fails to order all products provided for under thedistributorship agreement, we may instead impose forfeiture of deposit or withhold certain benefits.When opening new retail stores, our distributors conduct research on the market potential of the proposed retail sites, after which they will provide us with anapplication for opening a new retail store. In reviewing applications, we consider factors including the store location, store layout, available area, marketopportunities, competitors and estimated sales. We conduct selected onsite investigations to verify applications filed by our distributors. Our retail stores aregenerally located in convenient retail locations in their respective cities and thus benefit from high volumes of pedestrian traffic.Effective monitoring of distributors and their retail stores is critical to our success. We have a team in our marketing, sales and distribution department to monitorour distributors’ and their subdistributors’ performance, who conduct onsite inspections of selected retail stores each quarter without prior notice to ensurecompliance with our store management guidelines. According to the results of our inspections, we, from time to time, make suggestions to our distributors withrespect to the opening or closure of their retail stores. Distributors also need to submit to us their annual/ semiannual plans to estimate their orders for the nextseason and their plan to improve the performance of existing retail stores or expand by opening new retail stores. This reporting system enables us to access uptodate sales projections of our distributors and their subdistributors, which reflects the overall level of retail sales of our products. It also provides us with theexpansion plan of each distributor which helps us prepare our overall development plan in a more accurate manner.We invite our distributors, as well as a select number of their subdistributors and retail store managers, to attend our sales fairs, which are held twice a year. Duringthe sales fairs, we discuss with our distributors and their subdistributors the upcoming product line. Apart from participating in two sales fairs each year, ourdistributors visit us from time to time and contact us as necessary, which allows us to have access to updated market information. We also provide training fordistributors and their subdistributors in the areas of sales techniques, customer service and product knowledge, typically prior to the launch of our new collectionseach year. We believe that these investments help to improve the operations of the sales network and provide additional valueadded services to retain ourdistributors and their subdistributors.The following table lists by region the number of retail stores operated by distributors and subdistributors as of December 31, 2018:LocationAs ofDecember 31,2018Fujian6Guangdong2Guangxi3Jiangsu4Anhui2Chongqing4Tianjin3Hebei4Sichuan4Total3233Table of ContentsPricing PolicyWe sell our products to our distributors at uniform discounts from our suggested retail prices. We have a suggested retail price policy that applies to all our storesto help maintain brand image, ensure consistent pricing levels from region to region and prevent price competition among our distributors. In determining our pricingstrategies, we take into account market supply and demand, production cost and the prices of our competitors’ similar products. Our sales representatives collectand record the retail prices of our products sold by our retailers. We analyze the information collected and engage in discussions with our distributors to ensure thatthey follow our pricing policy. See “Franchised Stores” above.ProductionOriginally located in Shishi City in Fujian Province and started production in 2006, our production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China.The facility currently has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famoussportswear producers. Our production facility was operating at full capacity between 2009 and 2012. In 2014, we produced about 0.39 million units at the operatingcapacity of 19.5%; while in 2015,we produced about 0.48 million units at the operating capacity of 24%. In 2016, we produced about 0.54 million units at the operatingcapacity of 27%.In 2017 and 2018, we produced about 0.30 million and 0.49 million units at the operating capacity of 15% and 25%. Since 2011, we have been negotiating with the local government to acquire land use rights for our current facility consisting of 110,557 square meters. We obtaineda portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square meters and 2,440 square meters in March 2012 and May 2012, respectively, and have finishedthe construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factoryin year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with localresidents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. While we cannot guaranteewhen and whether the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land will be eventually completed, we believe we will be in a better position toschedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Once completed, our total production capacity of the facility isexpected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.All of the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers bear the brand name KBS. As of December 31, 2018, we had 3 ODM contractmanufacturers and 3 OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had 3 and 6 OEM contract manufacturers, respectively. Oursourcing strategy is based upon the quality of fabrics and workmanship that our customers expect from the KBS brand. The costs of our outsourced productionamounted to approximately $8.38 million, $10.94 million and$26.1 million for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, accounting forapproximately 27.3%, 31% and 66.8% of our total cost of sales in the respective periods.As of December 31, 2018, our principal ODM and OEM contract suppliers included the following:No.1Bai Tian Ni (Fujian) Clothing fabric Co. Ltd2Shishi Hua Lai Shi Clothing Co. Ltd3Jinjiang City Hongtawanheng trading Co. Ltd4Fujian Gumaite Clothing Technology Co. Ltd5Shishi Rongpeng Clothing Co. Ltd6Hubei Mingyuan Clothing Co. LtdWe are not materially reliant on any single ODM or OEM contract supplier.34Table of ContentsInventory ManagementWe recognize that controlling the level of inventory is important to our overall operational efficiency and cost control. Based on the purchase orders our distributorsand the department store chains place at our biannual sales fairs, we are able to anticipate the demand for our products in advance and plan ahead for our ownmanufacturing and the orders we will be required to place with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We generally plan purchases of raw materials and placemanufacturing orders with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers immediately after each of our two seasonal sales fairs, usually in May for our autumn andwinter products and in October for our spring and summer products, where we confirm sales orders with our distributors and department store chains. This enablesus and our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to have sufficient time, ranging from two to eight weeks, to produce the products and provide our productssuitable for a specific season to our distributors and department store chains on a justintime basis so as to minimize our inventory levels. The alternative way tocontrol cost is when if we have chance to buy materials which the price is much lower than market price, we will buy it in advance and give to OEM contractmanufactures use our material to produce.Quality ControlProduct quality control is a critical aspect of our business. Our dedicated quality control team performs various quality inspection and testing procedures, includingrandom sample testing at different stages of our production process, to ensure that our products meet or exceed the expectations of our consumers. We also performroutine product inspections on every batch of our products and sample testing to ensure consistent quality of our products, including semifinished and finishedproducts.We have implemented a centralized system for procurement and inspection of raw materials and ancillary components to help ensure a stable and high qualitysupply. Those materials and components that fail to meet our tests may be returned to the suppliers for replacement. Our quality control team also carries out qualitycontrol procedures on the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We conduct onsite inspections of our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers before we enter into business relationships with them. We also send our inhouse quality control staff onsite to our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers to monitor the entire production process. The initial product inspections are performed onsite by our staff before these products are shipped to ourheadquarters for further inspection and storage in our warehouse. We also provide technical training to ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to assist them withquality control of the production processes and inspect preproduction samples and finished products from ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We have notencountered any material disruptions to our business as a result of the failure of any of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to meet our quality standards.In order to further improve the quality of our products and shorten our delivery cycle, we intend to increase our control over the manufacturing process andproduction cycle of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers, primarily by requiring our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to implement stricter and morecomprehensive quality control procedures, which cover each stage of the production process, from raw material selection and procurement to finished productspackaging and delivery. We also intend to apply more stringent standards for inspecting products manufactured for us by our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers.Marketing and AdvertisingWe have conducted multichannel marketing campaigns to advertise our products to our target customers through advertising in newspapers, magazines, theInternet, and billboards, and organizing regular and frequent instore marketing activities and road shows.We have implemented strict requirements on our distributors with respect to the display and promotion of our products to ensure consistent branding and enhancemarketing results. Our distributors are required to ensure that our marketing strategies are implemented at the retail outlets managed or authorized by them, includingdisplaying our products according to our specifications and using our billboard advertisements. We also assign sales representatives to monitor the instoredisplays of our products at various retail outlets on a regular basis to help ensure that our retailers have followed our product display policies.In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 our total advertising and promotional expenses amounted to approximately $1.21 million, $1.59 million and $1.55million, respectively, which accounted for approximately 6.6%, 7.5% and 3.8% of our revenues in the respective periods.35Table of ContentsCompetitionThe menswear industry in China is a fragmented industry. Competition mainly comes from local market players such as Exceed, Xiniya, Zuoan and Cabbeen. Webelieves that we differentiate ourselves by providing more fashionable, youngerlooking and leisure products, and competitive pricing without giving up the casualfeel of our products.We compete primarily on the basis of product design, brand recognition, operational efficiency and a low cost structure. Some of our domestic competitors have astronger customer base, greater resources and more industry expertise than us. However, we believe that we can continue to successfully compete with our localcompetitors due to our unique product designs.Intellectual PropertyWe currently have the licenses to use two registered trademarks in the PRC.The registered trademarks on which we have licenses are the following:TrademarkRegistration No.Valid TermKBS4342760Jan 1, 2019 August 28, 2028Ka bi sports5462336March 14, 2010 March 12,2020We believe that these trademarks provide significant value as they are important for marketing and building brand recognition. We are not aware of any third partycurrently using trademarks similar to our trademarks in the PRC on the same products.InsuranceWe do not have any business liability, interruption or litigation insurance coverage for our operations in China. Insurance companies in China offer limited businessinsurance products. While business interruption insurance is available to a limited extent in China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of suchinsurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance.Therefore, we are subject to business and product liability exposure. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—We have limited insurance coverage inChina and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses.”RegulationBecause our primary operating subsidiaries are located in China, we are subject to China’s national and local laws detailed below. We believe that we are in materialcompliance with all registrations and requirements for the issuance and maintenance of all licenses required by the governing bodies and that all license fees andfilings are current. This section summarizes the major PRC regulations relating to our business.Regulations Relating to Foreign InvestmentInvestment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are mainly governed by the Guidance Catalog of Industries for Foreign Investment (2017 revision), or theCatalog, which was promulgated jointly by MOFCOM and the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, on June 28, 2017 and entered into forceon July 28, 2017. The Catalog divides industries into four categories in terms of foreign investment, which are “encouraged,” “restricted,” and “prohibited,” and allindustries that are not listed under one of these categories are deemed to be “permitted.” Establishment of wholly foreignowned enterprises is generally allowed inencouraged and permitted industries. Some restricted industries are limited to equity or contractual joint ventures, while in some cases Chinese partners are requiredto hold the majority interests in such joint ventures. In addition, foreign investment in restricted category projects is subject to government approvals. Foreigninvestors are not allowed to invest in industries in the prohibited category. Industries not listed in the Catalogue are generally open to foreign investment unlessspecifically restricted by other PRC regulations.36Table of ContentsIn June 2018, MOFCOM and NDRC promulgated the Special Management Measures (Negative List) for the Access of Foreign Investment, or the Negative List,effective July 2018. The Negative List expands the scope of permitted industries by foreign investment by reducing the number of industries that fall within theNegative List where restrictions on the shareholding percentage or requirements on the composition of board or senior management still exists. Foreign investmentin valueadded telecommunications services (except for ecommerce) falls within the Negative List.In October 2016, MOFCOM issued the Interim Measures for Recordfiling Administration of the Establishment and Change of Foreigninvested Enterprises, or FIERecordfiling Interim Measures, most recently amended in July 2017. Pursuant to FIE Recordfiling Interim Measures, the establishment and change of foreigninvested enterprises are subject to recordfiling procedures, instead of prior approval requirements, provided that such establishment or change does not involvespecial entry administration measures. If the establishment or change of foreigninvested enterprises matters involve the special entry administration measures, theapproval of the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterparts is still required.Regulations Relating to Product QualityThe principal legal provisions governing product liability are set forth in the PRC Product Quality Law, which was promulgated in February 1993 by the SCNPC andamended in July 2000 and August 2009.The PRC Product Quality Law stipulates the responsibilities and obligations of product sellers and producers. Violations of the PRC Product Quality Law may resultin the imposition of fines. In addition, the seller or producer may be ordered to suspend its operations, and its business license may be revoked. There may also bePART IPART IIPART III20F 1 f20f2018_kbsfashiongroup.htm FORM 20FUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F(Mark One)☐REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ___________ to ___________OR¨SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report:Commission file number: 00135715KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)Not Applicable(Translation of Registrant’s Name Into English)Republic of the Marshall Islands(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)Xin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of China(Address of Principal Executive Offices)Mr. Keyan Yan, Chief Executive OfficerXin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of ChinaTel: + (86) 595 8889 6198Fax: (86) 595 8850 5328(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of Each ClassName of Each Exchange On Which RegisteredCommon Stock, $0.0001 par valueNASDAQ Capital MarketSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.Units, Common Stock Purchase Warrants(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.None(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report(December 31, 2018): 2,271,299Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐No ☒If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of“large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large Accelerated Filer ☐Accelerated Filer ☐NonAccelerated Filer ☒Emerging Growth Company☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting StandardsCodification after April 5, 2012.Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:U.S. GAAP ☐International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting StandardsBoard ☒Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ☐ Item17 ☐Item 18If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒Annual Report on Form 20FYear Ended December 31, 2018TABLE OF CONTENTSPageITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS2A.Directors and Senior Management2B.Advisors2C.Auditors2ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE2A.Offer Statistics2B.Method and Expected Timetable2ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATION2A.Selected Financial Data2B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY24A.History and Development of the Company24B.Business Overview26C.Organizational Structure42D.Property, Plants and Equipment43ITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS44ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS44A.Principal Factors Affecting Financial Performance45B.Liquidity and Capital Resources50C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.51D.Trend Information51E.Off Balance Sheet Arrangements51F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations52G.Safe Harbor62ITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES63A.Directors and Senior Management63B.Compensation64C.Board Practices65D.Employees66E.Share Ownership66ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS67A.Major Shareholders67B.Related Party Transactions67C.Interests of Experts and Counsel67iTable of ContentsITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATION67A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information67B.Significant Changes68ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTING68A.Offer and Listing Details68B.Plan of Distribution68C.Markets68D.Selling Shareholders68E.Dilution68F.Expenses of the Issue68ITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATION69A.Share Capital69B.Memorandum and Articles of Association69C.Material Contracts71D.Exchange Controls71E.Taxation74F.Dividends and Paying Agents79G.Statement by Experts79H.Documents on Display79I.Subsidiary Information79ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK79ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES80A.Debt Securities80B.Warrants and Rights80C.Other Securities80D.American Depositary Shares80ITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES81ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS81ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES81A.Disclosure Controls and Procedures81B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting81C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm81D.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting82ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT82ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICS82ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES82ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES82ITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS83ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT83ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCE83ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE83ITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 19.EXHIBITS84iiTable of ContentsINTRODUCTORY NOTESUse of Certain Defined TermsExcept as otherwise indicated by the context and for the purposes of this report only, references in this report to:●“KBS,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” are to KBS Fashion Group Ltd., a company organized in the Republic of the Marshall Islands;●““KBS International,” refers to KBS International Holding Inc., a Nevada corporation, which was dissolved in August 2014;●“Hongri PRC,” refers to Hongri (Fujian) Sports Goods Co., Ltd., which is our wholly owned subsidiary organized in the PRC;●“Hongri International” are to Hongri International Holdings Limited, which is our wholly owned subsidiary and a company organized in the BVI;●“BVI” are to the British Virgin Islands;●“Hong Kong” are to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China;●“PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China;●“SEC” are to the Securities and Exchange Commission;●“Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;●“Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;●“Renminbi” and “RMB” are to the legal currency of China; and●“U.S. dollars,” “dollars” and “$” are to the legal currency of the United States.ForwardLooking InformationIn addition to historical information, this report contains forwardlooking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of theExchange Act. We use words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “target,” “plan,” “optimistic,” “intend,” “aim,” “will” or similar expressions whichare intended to identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, among others, those concerning market and industry segment growth and demandand acceptance of new and existing products; any projections of sales, earnings, revenue, margins or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategiesand objectives of management for future operations; and any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, as well as all assumptions,expectations, predictions, intentions or beliefs about future events. You are cautioned that any such forwardlooking statements are not guarantees of futureperformance and involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions, which, if they were to ever materialize or prove incorrect, could cause the results of theCompany to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forwardlooking statements. Potential risks and uncertainties include, among other things, thepossibility that we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues and profits due to our failure to anticipate consumer preferences and develop newmenswear products, our failure to execute our business expansion plan, changes in domestic and foreign laws, regulations and taxes, changes in economicconditions, uncertainties related to China’s legal system and economic, political and social events in China, a general economic downturn, a downturn in thesecurities markets, and other risks and uncertainties which are generally set forth under Item 3 “Key information—D. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and our other filings with the SEC. These reports attempt toadvise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects. The forwardlookingstatements made in this report speak only as of the date hereof and we disclaim any obligation, except as required by law, to provide updates, revisions oramendments to any forwardlooking statements to reflect changes in our expectations or future events.On February 3, 2017, approved by the shareholders, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen (1for15) reverse stock split of the Company’s issued andoutstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided that shareholders are entitled to receive the number ofshares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Stock Market on a splitadjusted basis when themarket opened on February 9, 2017. All references in this report to share and per share data have been adjusted, including historical data which have beenretroactively adjusted, to give effect to the reverse stock split unless specified otherwise.1Table of ContentsPART IITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERSA.Directors and Senior ManagementNot applicable.B.AdvisorsNot applicable.C.AuditorsNot applicable.ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLEA.Offer StatisticsNot applicable.B.Method and Expected TimetableNot applicable.ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATIONA.Selected Financial DataThe following table presents selected financial data regarding our business. It should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and relatednotes contained elsewhere in this annual report and the information under Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” The selected consolidatedstatements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, and the selected consolidated statements of financialposition data as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are included in this annual reportbeginning on page F1. The selected consolidated statements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the selectedconsolidated statements of financial position data as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements thatare not included in this annual report.Our consolidated financial statements were prepared and presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by theInternational Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The selected financial data information is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the historicalconsolidated financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere herein. The financial statements contained elsewhere fully represent our financial conditionand operations; however, they are not indicative of our future performance.2Table of ContentsYears ended December 31,20182017201620152014Statement of Income DataTotal revenue$18,535,116$23,762,536$41,200,205$61,343,681$58,832,481Total cost of sales(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)(46,511,274)(39,416,973)Gross profit(2,316,136)(11,511,816)2,158,27214,832,40719,415,508Distribution and selling expenses(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)(6,621,256)(7,191,606)Administrative expenses(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)2,798,082(4,649,229)Profit for the year(17,968,597)(14,815,596)(11,902,688)1,243,6706,876,982Total comprehensive income for the year(20,040,295)(10,004,880)(18,028,121)(4,801,102)6,526,172Outstanding shares2,299,9151,860,8311,750,1421,694,4891,694,489Earnings per share, basic diluted8.067.966.800.734.06Balance Sheet DataCash and cash equivalents$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,341$21,214,080$20,604,583Noncurrent assets29,837,87540,966,31934,754,94247,221,52952,929,386Current assets31,328,13140,343,38656,343,82362,098,95162,093,570Working capital24,463,44633,060,87748,647,18553,598,85452,704,076Total assets61,166,00681,309,70591,098,765109,310,480115,022,956Current liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,500,0979,389,493Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,503,5069,404,880Equity54,301,32174,027,19683,402,127100,816,974105,618,076B.Capitalization and IndebtednessNot applicable.C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of ProceedsNot applicable.D.Risk FactorsAn investment in our capital stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the otherinformation included in this annual report, before making an investment decision. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial conditionor results of operations could suffer. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.3Table of ContentsRISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSGeneral economic conditions, including a prolonged weakness in the economy, may affect consumer discretionary spending, which could adversely affect ourbusiness and financial performance.The apparel industry has historically been subject to substantial cyclical variations. Our business and financial performance are dependent on a number of factorsimpacting consumer discretionary spending, including general economic and business conditions; consumer confidence; wages and employment levels; thehousing market; consumer debt levels; availability of consumer credit; credit and interest rates; fuel and energy costs; energy shortages; taxes; general politicalconditions, both domestic and abroad. Consumer product purchases, including purchases of our products, may decline during recessionary periods. Our ability toaccess the capital markets may be restricted at a time when we would like, or need, to raise capital, which could impair on our ability to open additional stores orbuild additional manufacturing lines. In addition, as domestic and international economic conditions change, trends in consumer spending on discretionary items,including our merchandise, become unpredictable and subject to reductions due to economic uncertainties. A prolonged economic recovery or an uncertain outlookin the economy could result in additional declines in consumer discretionary spending, which could materially affect our financial performance.A contraction in apparel sales and production could impair our results of operations and liquidity and jeopardize our supply base.Apparel sales and production are cyclical and depend, among other things, on general economic conditions and consumer spending and preferences. As thevolume of apparel production fluctuates, the demand for our products also fluctuates. A contraction in apparel sales could harm our results of operations andliquidity. In addition, our suppliers would also be subject to many of the same consequences which could pressure their results of operations and liquidity.Depending on an individual supplier’s financial condition and access to capital, its viability could be challenged which could impact its ability to perform as weexpect and consequently our ability to meet our own commitments.If we are unable to anticipate consumer preferences and develop new menswear products, we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues andprofits.Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define apparel trends as well as to anticipate, gauge and react to changing consumer demands formenswear in a timely manner. Our target market of consumers comprises urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 with moderatetohigh levels of disposableincome. Our business is particularly sensitive to their fashion preferences, which cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumeracceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, and our future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes. If we failto anticipate accurately and respond to trends and shifts in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing product offerings, developing new products,designs, styles and categories, we could experience lower sales, excess inventories and lower profit margins. In a distressed economic and retail environment, manyof our competitors may engage in aggressive activities, such as markdowns or other promotional sales to dispose of excess, slowmoving inventory, furtherincreasing the need to react appropriately to changing consumer preferences and fashion trends. Failure to do so could adversely affect the level of acceptance ofour products, our brand image and our relationship with our distributors, and therefore have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results ofoperations.The apparel industry is highly competitive, and if we fail to compete effectively, we could lose our market position.The menswear industry is highly competitive in China and worldwide. We compete with various domestic brands with similar business models and target markets.We also compete with a growing number of international brands trying to expand their market share in China to take advantage of rising consumer spending oncasual menswear. Our primary international and domestic competitors include Exceed, Xiniya, Cabbeen, GXG and NQ. Some of our competitors are significantlylarger and have greater financial resources than we do. In order to compete effectively, we must: (1) maintain the image of our brands and our reputation forinnovation and high quality; (2) be flexible and innovative in responding to rapidly changing market demands on the basis of brand image, style, performance andquality; and (3) offer consumers a wide variety of high quality products at competitive prices.4Table of ContentsThe purchasing decisions of consumers are highly subjective and can be influenced by many factors, such as brand image, marketing programs and productfeatures. Some of our competitors enjoy competitive advantages, including greater brand recognition and greater financial resources for competitive activities, suchas sales, marketing and strategic acquisitions. The number of our direct competitors and the intensity of competition may increase as we expand into other productlines or as other companies expand into our product lines. Our competitors may enter into business combinations or alliances that strengthen their competitivepositions or prevent us from taking advantage of such combinations or alliances. Our competitors also may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than wecan to new or changing opportunities, standards or consumer preferences. Our results of operations and market position may be adversely impacted by ourcompetitors and the competitive pressures in the menswear industries.Failure to effectively promote or develop our brand could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.We sell all our products under the KBS brand, from which we derive most of our revenues. Brand image is an important factor that affects a customer’s purchasingdecision for menswear products. Our success therefore depends on, among other things, market recognition and acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture,lifestyle, and images associated with the brand, some of which may not be within our control. We have limited control over our distributors that we rely upon to sellour products, which may limit our ability to ensure a consistent brand image. See “Risks Factors Related to Our Business –We have limited control over the ultimateretail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhere to, or fail to cause the third party retail outletoperators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.” We began designing, promoting, and selling KBS branded products in China in 2006. To effectivelypromote KBS brand, we need build and maintain the brand image by focusing on a variety of promotional and marketing activities to promote brand awareness, aswell as to increase its presence in the markets in which we compete. There is no assurance that we will be able to effectively promote or develop KBS brand, and ifwe fail to do so, the goodwill of KBS brand may be undermined and our business as well as our financial results may be adversely affected. In addition, negativepublicity or disputes regarding KBS brand, products, company, or management could materially and adversely affect public perception of KBS brand. Any impact onour ability to continue to sell KBS brand or any significant damage to KBS brand’s image could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends on the continued service of our senior executives and other key employees. In particular, we rely on the expertise, experience,and business contacts, of Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ms. Lixia Tu, our Director and Chief Financial Officer and Mr. ThemisKalapotharakos, our director. If one or more of our senior executives are unable or unwilling to continue to work for us in their present positions, we may have tospend a considerable amount of time and resources searching, recruiting, and integrating the replacements into our operations, which would substantially divertmanagement’s attention from and severely disrupt the Company business. This may also adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategy. Moreover, ifany of our senior executives joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, suppliers and key employees.Failure to execute our business expansion plan could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.A large part of our initial growth resulted from an increase in the number of our retail sales outlets, including corporate and franchised stores, and the increased salesvolume and profitability provided by these sales outlets. The number of our sales outlets increased from 8 in 2006 to 33 in year 2018.5Table of ContentsWe have our factory located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China, consisting of an aggregate of 110,457 square meters of land. Currently the facility there has aproduction capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year and can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces original equipmentmanufacturer (OEM) products for online stores, regional apparel brands and overseas orders. The construction commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases:Phase 1 consists of the construction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We havecompleted the construction of facilities of Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Phase 3 construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has beendelayed because the local government needs additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Because the time forthe government to resolve this matter is uncertain, we wrote off the land use right of the third parcel of land from account balance, according to the internationalframework reporting standard. Phase 4 includes building production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quartersand living facilities on the third parcel of land. As a result, our commitments to this facility may reduce our liquidity for an indefinite period and until it is completed.We could also indefinitely lose opportunities to expand our sales due to any further delay of our construction.The decision to increase our production capacity was based in part on our projections of market demand for our products and OEM orders from other brand nameowners. If actual customer demand does not meet our projections, we will likely suffer overcapacity problems and may have to leave capacity idle or need to contractout our facilities at an unfavorable price, which may reduce our overall profitability and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our futuresuccess depends on our ability to expand the Company’s business to address growth in demand for our current and future products.Our ability to expand the Company’s business is subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including:●the unavailability of additional funding to invest more in brand recognition such as advertisement, expand our production capacity, purchase additionalfixed assets and purchase raw materials on favorable terms or at all;●our inability to manage an online shop, hire qualified personnel and establish distribution methods;●conditions in the commercial real estate market existing at the time we seek to expand;●delays and cost overruns as a result of a number of factors, many of which may be beyond our control, such as problems with equipment vendors andcontract manufacturers;●failure to maintain high quality control standards;●shortage of raw materials;●our inability to obtain, or delays in obtaining, required approvals by relevant government authorities;●diversion of significant management attention and other resources; and●failure to execute our expansion plan effectively.The expansion of our business may place significant strain on our personnel, management, financial systems and operational infrastructure and may impede ourability to meet any increased demand for our products. To accommodate the Company’s growth, we will need to implement a variety of new and upgradedoperational and financial systems, procedures, and controls, including improvements to our accounting and other internal management systems, by dedicatingadditional resources to our reporting and accounting function and improvements to our record keeping and contract tracking system. We will also need to recruitmore personnel and train and manage our growing employee base. Furthermore, we will need to maintain and expand relationships with our current and futurecustomers, suppliers, distributors and other third parties, and there is no guarantee that we will succeed.In the future, we also intend to invest more resources to research and purchase online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that we will have betteropportunities to expand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores. In addition, we will keep on exploring other areas and business models, such as theuse of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends.If we encounter any of the risks described above or if we are otherwise unable to establish or successfully operate online shops or additional production capacity,we may be unable to grow our business and revenues, reduce our operating costs, maintain our competitiveness or improve our profitability and, consequently, ourbusiness, financial condition, results of operations and prospects will be adversely affected.6Table of ContentsIf we are unable to fund capital expenditures or obtain additional sources of liquidity when we need it, our business may be adversely affected. In addition, ifwe obtain equity financing, the issuance of our equity securities could cause dilution for our stockholders. To the extent we obtain the financing through theissuance of debt securities, our debt service obligations could increase, and we may become subject to restrictive operating and financial covenants.We anticipate that we will make substantial capital investments to expand our business within the next 3 years. There is no assurance that we will have sufficientcash to fund our anticipated capital expenditures. If we need but are unable to obtain adequate financing with on terms favorable to us, we may be unable tosuccessfully maintain our operations and accomplish our growth strategy. In addition, we may be unable to generate sufficient cash internally or obtain alternativesources of capital to fund our proposed capital expenditures, take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures. As a result, we mayseek to sell additional equity securities, debt securities, or borrow from lending institutions. Any issuance of equity securities could cause dilution for ourstockholders. Any incurrence of indebtedness could increase our debt service obligations and cause us to be subject to restrictive operating and financecovenants. Our ability to obtain external financing in the future is also subject to a number of uncertainties, including:●Our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;●general market conditions for financing activities by companies in our industry;●economic, political and other conditions in China and elsewhere; and●uncertain economic prospect and tightened credit markets resulting from the recent global economic slowdown and financial market crisis.If we are unable to obtain funding in a timely manner or on commercially acceptable terms, or at all, our growth prospects and future profitability may be materiallyadversely affected. Adverse changes in the capital markets could make it difficult to obtain capital or obtain it at attractive rates.Our past results may not be indicative of our future performance and evaluating our business and prospects may be difficult.Our business has gone through various stages of the business life cycle in recent years as demonstrated by our growth in net sales, which reached $99.6 million forthe year ended December 31, 2013, while in 2014 our net sales decreased by 40% to $58.8 million and in year 2015 net sales went up slightly by 4.3% to $61.3 million,our net sales decreased by 32.8% to $41.2 million in 2016, net sales decreased 42% to $23.8 million in 2017 and net sales further decreased 22% to $18.53 million in2018. The decrease in sales in 2016, 2017 and 2018 as compared with 2013 was mainly due to the slowdown of the Chinese economic growth and a challenging retailenvironment. As a result, we cannot assure that we will be able to achieve similar growth in future periods as recent years before 2014, and our historical operatingresults may not provide a meaningful basis for evaluating our business, financial performance and prospects. Moreover, our ability to achieve satisfactoryproduction results at higher volumes is unproven. Therefore, you should not rely on our past results or our historical rate of growth as an indication of our futureperformance.We experience fluctuations in operating results.Our annual and quarterly operating results have fluctuated, and are expected to continue to fluctuate. Among the factors that may cause our operating results tofluctuate are customers’ response to merchandise offerings, the timing of the rollout of new sales outlets, seasonal variations in sales, the timing of merchandisereceipts, the level of merchandise returns, changes in merchandise mix and presentation, our cost of merchandise, unanticipated operating costs, and other factorsbeyond our control, such as general economic conditions and actions of competitors.We have historically experienced seasonal fluctuations in our sales. A substantial portion of our revenues are typically earned during the second and fourthquarters and we generally experience lowest revenues during the first and third quarters. If sales during the second and fourth quarters are lower than expected, ouroperating results would be adversely affected, and it would have a disproportionately large impact on our annual operating results. The sales of our products arealso affected by local spending behavior, which are typically affected by seasonal shopping patterns during major Chinese holidays.7Table of ContentsAs a result of these factors, we believe that periodtoperiod comparisons of historical and future results will not necessarily be meaningful and should not be reliedon as an indication of future performance.Our failure to collect the trade receivables or untimely collection could affect our liquidity.Our distributors place advance purchase orders twice a year. From 2015 to 2018, we typically expect and receive payment within 30180 days of product delivery. Inaddition, approximately 83.2% of accounts receivables are within a 180 days credit term. Starting in September 2015, we extended credit to some of our customers to150180 days without requiring collaterals. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of the financial condition of our customers and we generally require no collateralfrom our distributors and authorized retailers to secure their payment obligations. However, our sales going forward may rely more heavily on credit, and if weencounter future problems collecting amounts due from our clients or if we experience delays in the collection of amounts due from our clients, our liquidity could benegatively affected.The Chinese economy experienced a softening of economic growth, and the apparel industry is also facing a downturn. The impact of the current and possiblefuture economic downturn on our distributors cannot be predicted and may be severe, causing a significant impact on their business. As a result, our financialcondition and result of operations could be negatively affected. In addition, if they cannot continue their orders of our products due to the failure of paying us forits previous purchases, our brand image and reputation may be materially negatively affected as well.We rely on distributors for a substantial portion of our sales and the loss of any of our large distributors would harm our business. A substantial portion of our sales are made to distributors that resell our products. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, distributors accounted forapproximately 67% and 73% of our total sales, respectively, and our top five distributors accounted for approximately 23.8% and 34.8% of our total sales,respectively. The marketing efforts of our distributors are critical for our success. If we fail to attract additional distributors, and our existing distributors do notpromote our products at the same or at a greater level than the products of our competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could beadversely affected.Furthermore, there is no assurance that any of our distributors will satisfy the sales targets set forth in their distribution agreements and we or they may not wish torenew the distribution agreements in future years. Moreover, our distributors are not obliged to continue to place orders with the Company at the same level asbefore or at all and there is no assurance that we would be able to obtain orders from other distributors to replace any such lost sales on terms satisfactory to us orall. If any of our largest distributors substantially reduces its purchases from us, or otherwise fails to renew its distribution agreement with us, we may suffer asignificant loss of sales and our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We have limited control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhereto, or fail to cause the third party retail outlet operators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.We rely on the contractual obligations set forth in the distribution agreements that we enter into with our distributors, as well as policies and standards we formulatefrom time to time, to impose our retail policies on these distributors in respect of the franchisee retail outlets. In addition, as we do not enter into any agreementswith the third party retail outlet operators, we rely on our distributors to ensure that these franchisee retail outlets operate in accordance with our retail policies. Assuch, our control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and the franchisee retail outlet operators is limited. There is no assurance that our distributors orthe third party franchisee retail outlet operators will comply with, or that the distributors will enforce, our retail policies. As a result, we may not be able to effectivelymanage our sales network or maintain a uniform brand image, and cannot assure you that franchisee retail outlets would continue to offer quality services toconsumers.8Table of ContentsIn addition, if any of the distributors or third party franchisee retail outlet operators experiences difficulties in selling our products in the retail market, they mayattempt to disregard our pricing policies and liquidate their excessive inventory buildup through aggressive discounts, which may damage the image and the valueof our brand. There is no assurance that we will be able to, in a timely manner, impose penalties on or replace any distributors who consistently fail to comply with,or fail to cause the third party franchisee retail outlet operators appointed by them to comply with, our retail policies in their operation of franchisee retail outlets. Insuch event, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We may not be able to accurately track the inventory levels at our distributors, retailers or department store concessions.Our ability to track the sales by our distributors to thirdparty retailers and the ultimate retail sales by the retailers, and consequently their respective inventorylevels, is limited. We implement a policy to require our distributors to provide us with their sales reports on a weekly basis and we carry out random onsiteinspections of our distributors to track their inventories. The purpose of tracking the inventory level is mainly to gather information regarding the market acceptanceof our products so that we can reflect consumers’ preferences in the design and development of our products for the next season. The tracking of inventory levelalso helps us to understand the market recognition of our products in a particular region, and thus allows us to adjust our marketing strategy if necessary. Theimplementation of the policy, however, requires the distributors to accurately report the relevant data to us in a timely manner, which is largely dependent on thecooperation of the Company’s distributors. We may not always obtain the required data in time and the data provided to us by our distributors may be inaccurate orincomplete.Inaccurate, mistaken, incomplete or delayed data regarding inventory levels may mislead the Company to make wrong business judgments for its production,marketing efforts and sales strategies. If that happens, our operations and financial results may be materially adversely affected. In addition, if we cannot manageinventory levels properly, future orders of our products may be reduced, which would materially adversely affect our future business, financial condition, results ofoperation and prospects.Our operations could be materially adversely affected if we fail to effectively manage our relationships with, or lose the services of, our OEM contractmanufacturers.The production of our brand name products are 100% outsourced to PRCbased thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2018 and2017 we had 5 and 6 contract manufacturers, respectively. Purchases from our top five OEM contract manufacturers accounted for approximately 92% and 88.6% ofour total purchases for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As we do not enter into longterm contracts with our OEM contractmanufacturers, they may decide not to accept our future OEM orders on the same or similar terms, or at all. If an OEM contract manufacturer decides to substantiallyreduce its volume of supply to us or to terminate its business relationship with us, we may not be able to find a proper replacement in a timely manner and may beforced to default on the agreements with our distributors that sell our products. This may negatively impact our revenues and adversely affect our reputation andrelationships with our distributors that sell our products, causing a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.Further, if any of our OEM contract manufacturers fails to provide the required number of products meeting our quality standards, we may have to delay delivery ofproducts to our distributors, become unable to supply products at all, or even recall products previously dispatched. This could cause the Company to loserevenues or market share and damage our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operationsand prospects. In addition, some OEM contract manufacturers may not fully comply with certain laws, such as labor and environmental laws. If any of our OEMcontract manufacturers is found to have violated laws and regulations in the PRC, media reports on such violations may negatively affect our reputation and image,resulting in material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.9Table of ContentsWhile we provide the designs of our products to the OEM contract manufacturers, as well as guidance for manufacturing the products ordered by us, we do nothave direct control over the OEM contract manufacturers. If any of them is involved in unauthorized production and sale of goods using the KBS brand, ourreputation, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.As the Company grows, our reliance on OEM contract manufacturers may also grow as our added production capacity may not be sufficient to keep pace with theincreased production requirements driven by our growth. We may not be able to find sufficient additional OEM contract manufacturers to produce our products onthe same or similar terms as our existing OEM contract manufacturers, and we may not be able to achieve our growth and development goals.Any interruption in our operations could impair our financial performance and negatively affect our brand. Our operations are complicated and integrated, involving the coordination of thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers and external distribution processes. Whilethese operations are modified on a regular basis in an effort to improve outsourcing and distribution efficiency and flexibility, we may experience difficulties incoordinating the various aspects of our operations processes, thereby causing downtime and delays. In addition, we may encounter interruption in our operationsprocesses due to a catastrophic loss or events beyond our control, such as fires, explosions, labor disturbances or violent weather conditions. Any interruptions inour operations or capabilities at our facilities could result in our inability to procure our products, which would reduce our net sales and earnings for the affectedperiod. If there are delays in delivery times to our customers, our business and reputation could be severely affected. Any significant delays in deliveries to ourcustomers could lead to increased returns or cancellations and cause the Company to lose future sales. The Company currently does not have business interruptioninsurance to offset these potential losses, delays and risks so a material interruption of our business operations could severely damage our business.We rely heavily on our management information system for inventory management, distribution and other functions. If our system fail to perform thesefunctions adequately or if we experience an interruption in our operation, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. The efficient operation of our business is dependent on our management information systems. We rely heavily on our management information systems to manageour order entry, order fulfillment, pricing, pointofsale and inventory replenishment processes. We cannot assure you that our management information system will operate properly or without interruption. Any malfunction to any part or all of our managementinformation system for a prolonged period may cause delays in operations or impairment of our overall business efficiency. We also cannot ensure that the level ofsecurity currently maintained will be sufficient to protect the system from third party intrusions, viruses, lost or stolen data, or similar situations. Additionally, aspart of our growth and development strategy over the next few years, we plan to upgrade and improve our management information system. We cannot assure youthat there will be no interruptions to our management information system during the upgrades or that the new management information system will be able tointegrate fully with the existing information system. The failure of our management information system to perform as we anticipate could disrupt our business and could result in decreased revenue, increased overheadcosts and excess or outofstock inventory levels, causing our business and results of operations to suffer materially. Failure to protect the integrity, security and use of our customers’ information and media could expose us to litigation and materially damage our standingwith our customers. Increasing costs associated with information security — such as increased investment in technology, the costs of compliance with consumer protection laws andcosts resulting from consumer fraud — could cause our business and results of operations to suffer materially. While we have taken significant steps to protectcustomer and confidential information, including entering into confidentiality agreements with relevant employees and incorporate confidentiality clauses in ourpolicies, there can be no assurance that advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments will prevent thecompromise of our customer transaction processing capabilities and personal data. If any such compromise of our security were to occur, it could have a materialadverse effect on our reputation, operating results and financial condition. Any such compromise may materially increase the costs we incur to protect against suchinformation security breaches and could subject us to additional legal risk. Procurement specialists and managers are required to sign a confidentiality agreement. 10Table of ContentsWe have limited insurance coverage in China and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses. Operation of our facilities involves many risks, including equipment failures, natural disasters, industrial accidents, power outages, labor disturbances and otherbusiness interruptions. We do not carry any business interruption insurance, product recall or thirdparty liability insurance for our production facilities or withrespect to our products to cover claims pertaining to personal injury or property or environmental damage arising from defects in our products, product recalls,accidents on our property or damage relating to our operations. While business interruption insurance and other types of insurance are available to a limited extentin China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of such insurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commerciallyreasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Therefore, our existing insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all risks associatedwith our business. As a result, we may be required to pay for financial and other losses, damages and liabilities, including those caused by natural disasters andother events beyond our control, out of our own funds, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our inability to protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights may prevent us from successfully marketing our products and competingeffectively. We believe our trademarks and other intellectual property rights are important to our success and competitive position and recognize the importance of registeringthe trademarks related to our KBS brand for protection against infringement. We currently hold two registered trademarks. Failure to protect our intellectual propertycould harm our brand and our reputation, and adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. Further, enforcing or defending our intellectual property rights,including our trademarks, patents, copyrights and trade secrets, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. We produce, marketand sell our products under registered trademarks. We regard our intellectual property, particularly our trademarks and trade secrets to be of considerable value andimportance to our business and our success. We rely on a combination of trademark, patent, and trade secrecy laws, and contractual provisions to protect ourintellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect these proprietary rights will be adequate or that third parties will notinfringe or misappropriate our trademarks, trade secrets or similar proprietary rights. In addition, there can be no assurance that other parties will not assertinfringement claims against us, and we may have to pursue litigation against other parties to assert our rights. Any such claim or litigation could be costly, and wemay lack the resources required to defend against such claims. In addition, any event that would jeopardize our proprietary rights or any claims of infringement bythird parties could have a material adverse effect on our ability to market or sell our brands, and profitably exploit our products.Environmental regulations impose substantial costs and limitations on our operations. We use chemicals and produce significant emissions in our manufacturing operations. As such, we are subject to various national and local environmental laws andregulations in China concerning issues such as air emissions, wastewater discharges, and solid waste management and disposal. These laws and regulations canrestrict or limit our operations and expose us to liability and penalties for noncompliance. While we believe that our facilities are in material compliance with allapplicable environmental laws and regulations, the risks of substantial unanticipated costs and liabilities related to compliance with these laws and regulations arean inherent part of our business. It is possible that future conditions may develop, arise or be discovered that create new environmental compliance or remediationliabilities and costs. While we believe that we can comply with existing environmental legislation and regulatory requirements and that the costs of compliance havebeen included within budgeted cost estimates, compliance may prove to be more limiting and costly than anticipated.We may be unable to establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, and, as a result, we may be unable to accuratelyreport our financial results or prevent fraud.We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities law. The SEC as required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (“SOX 404”), adoptedrules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal control over financial reporting in its annual report, which mustalso contain management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, the independent registered publicaccounting firm auditing the financial statements of a company that is not a nonaccelerated filer under Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act must also attest to theoperating effectiveness of the company’s internal controls.11Table of ContentsFailure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could result in our inability to accurately report our financial results, prevent or detect fraudor provide timely and reliable financial and other information pursuant to the reporting obligations we have as a public company, which could have a materialadverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, it could cause our investors to lose confidence in the information we report,which could adversely affect our stock price.RISKS RELATED TO DOING BUSINESS IN CHINAOur business operation may be affected if we are forced to relocate our manufacturing facilities and stores.We leased the premises for our office located in Shishi and one corporate store. However, none of our lease agreements have been registered with the relevantgovernmental agencies. According to our PRC legal counsel, without registration, our rights to use and occupy the premises may not be secured if any third partiessuch as other tenants who have registered their lease agreements challenge us under PRC law. Moreover, while we have taken various measures to verify theownership of property such as checking utility bills and search government records, most of our landlords have declined to confirm whether they possess theproperty ownership certificates and land use rights certificates for our properties. As a result, we have been unable to verify whether third parties may assert theirownership rights under PRC law against most of our landlords or challenge most of our leases in the future. If our rights to use the premises are challenged, we maybe forced to relocate to other premises. We may not be able to relocate to a suitable premise promptly or lease alternative premises on terms at least as favorable asour existing ones. In addition, relocation costs and interruption of production may have a material adverse effect on our business operation and financialperformance.Changes in the economic and political policies of the PRC government could have a material and adverse effect on our business and operations.We conduct substantially all our business operations in China. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are significantly dependenton economic and political developments in China. China’s economy differs from the economies of developed countries in many aspects, including the level ofdevelopment, growth rate and degree of government control over foreign exchange and allocation of resources. While China’s economy has experienced significantgrowth in the past 30 years, the growth has been uneven across different regions and periods and among various economic sectors in China. We cannot assure youthat China’s economy will continue to grow, or that if there is growth, such growth will be steady and uniform, or that if there is a slowdown, such slowdown will nothave a negative effect on its business and results of operations.The PRC government exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, control over payment of foreign currencydenominated obligations, implementation of monetary policy, and preferential treatment of particular industries or companies. Certain measures adopted by the PRCgovernment may restrict loans to certain industries, such as changes in the statutory deposit reserve ratio and lending guidelines for commercial banks by thePeople’s Bank of China, or PBOC. These current and future government actions could materially affect our liquidity, access to capital, and ability to operate ourbusiness.The global financial markets experienced significant disruptions in 2008 and the United States, Europe and other economies went into recession. Since 2012, growthof the Chinese economy has slowed. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources.Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy but may also have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operation could bematerially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, any stimulusmeasures designed to boost the Chinese economy, may contribute to higher inflation, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.See “Risks Related to Doing Business in China Future inflation in China may inhibit our ability to conduct business in China.”12Table of ContentsUncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the legal protections available to you and us.We conduct substantially all of our business through our operating subsidiaries in the PRC. Our operating subsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulationsapplicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws applicable to foreigninvested enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes, andprior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, a series of new PRC laws and regulations have significantlyenhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, since the PRC legal system continues to evolve rapidly, theinterpretations of many laws, regulations, and rules are not always uniform, and enforcement of these laws, regulations, and rules involve uncertainties, which maylimit legal protections available to you and us. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources andmanagement attention. In addition, most of our executive officers and directors are residents of China and not of the United States, and substantially all the assets ofthese persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it could be difficult for investors to affect service of process in the United States or to enforce ajudgment obtained in the United States against our Chinese operations and subsidiaries.You may have difficulty enforcing judgments against us.Most of our assets are located outside of the United States and most of our current operations are conducted in the PRC. In addition, most of our directors andofficers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons is located outside the UnitedStates. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce inU.S. courts judgments on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, most of whom are not residents inthe United States and the substantial majority of whose assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts ofthe PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts. Our counsel as to PRC law has advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgmentsare provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. Courts in China may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRCCivil Procedures Law based on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have anytreaties or other arrangements that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments with the United States. In addition, according to thePRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violatesbasic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security, or the public interest. So, it is uncertain whether a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by acourt in the United States.The PRC government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities.The PRC government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and stateownership. Our ability to operate in China may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, import and export tariffs,environmental regulations, land use rights, property, and other matters. We believe that our operations in China are in material compliance with all applicable legaland regulatory requirements. However, the central or local governments of the jurisdictions in which we operate may impose new, stricter regulations orinterpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations orinterpretations.Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision not to continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more centrally plannedeconomy or regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant effect on economic conditions in China or particularregions thereof and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then hold in Chinese properties or joint venturesRestrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our sales effectively. The majority of our sales will be settled in RMB and U.S. dollars, and any future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit our ability to use revenue generated inRMB to fund any future business activities outside China or to make dividend or other payments in U.S. dollars. Although the Chinese government introducedregulations in 1996 to allow greater convertibility of the RMB for current account transactions, significant restrictions still remain, including primarily the restrictionthat foreigninvested enterprises may only buy, sell or remit foreign currencies after providing valid commercial documents, at those banks in China authorized toconduct foreign exchange business. In addition, conversion of RMB for capital account items, including direct investment and loans, is subject to governmentalapproval in China, and companies are required to open and maintain separate foreign exchange accounts for capital account items. We cannot be certain that theChinese regulatory authorities will not impose more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of the RMB in the future.13Table of ContentsFluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.The value of our securities will be indirectly affected by the foreign exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and RMB and between those currencies and othercurrencies in which our sales may be denominated. Appreciation or depreciation in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial resultsreported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations. Fluctuations in the exchange rate will alsoaffect the relative value of any dividend we issue that will be exchanged into U.S. dollars, as well as earnings from, and the value of, any U.S. dollardenominatedinvestments we make in the future.Since July 2005, the RMB has no longer been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Since then the RMB has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly andunpredictably, and in recent years the RMB has depreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progresstowards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate systemand there is no guarantee that the RMB will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how marketforces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future.Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedgingtransactions. While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited, and we may not beable to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition, our foreign currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrictour ability to convert RMB into foreign currencies. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends and other distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you, and otherwise fund and conduct our business. Substantially all of our sales are earned by our PRC subsidiaries. However, PRC regulations restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make dividends and otherpayments to their offshore parent companies. PRC legal restrictions permit payments of dividends by our PRC subsidiaries only out of their accumulated aftertaxprofits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are also required under PRC laws and regulations toallocate at least 10% of their annual aftertax profits determined in accordance with PRC GAAP to a statutory general reserve fund until the amounts in said fundreaches 50% of their registered capital. Allocations to these statutory reserve funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not transferable to us in the formof loans, advances, or cash dividends. Any limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to transfer funds to us could materially and adversely limit our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends and otherwise fund and conduct our business.PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary toliability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital ordistribute profits.SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing andRoundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as “SAFECircular 75” promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of the SAFE in connection with theirdirect establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets orequity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a “special purpose vehicle.” SAFE Circular 37 furtherrequires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capitalcontributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in aspecial purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profitdistributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent crossborder foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted inits ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described abovecould result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for theForeign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015 by SAFE, local banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration foroverseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under SAFE Circular 37 from June 1, 2015.14Table of ContentsAccording to SAFE Circular 37, our shareholders or beneficial owners, who are PRC residents, are subject to SAFE Circular 37 or other foreign exchangeadministrative regulations in respect of their investment in our company. We have notified substantial beneficial owners of ordinary shares who we know are PRCresidents of their filing obligations. Nevertheless, we may not be aware of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. We do not havecontrol over our beneficial owners and there can be no assurance that all of our PRCresident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE Circular 37 and subsequentimplementation rules, and there is no assurance that the registration under SAFE Circular 37 and any amendment will be completed in a timely manner, or will becompleted at all. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their foreign exchange registrations in a timely manner pursuant toSAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with theregistration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to fines andlegal sanctions. Such failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiary and limitour PRC subsidiary’s ability to distribute dividends to our company. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and resultsof operations.Furthermore, SAFE Circular 37 is unclear how this regulation, and any future regulation concerning offshore or crossborder transactions, will be interpreted,amended and implemented by the relevant PRC government authorities, and we cannot predict how these regulations will affect our business operations or futurestrategy. Failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRCsubsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to us. These risks could in the future have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results ofoperations.We may be unable to complete a business combination transaction efficiently or on favorable terms due to complicated merger and acquisition regulationswhich became effective on September 8, 2006.On August 9, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the China Securities Regulatory Commission, promulgated the Regulation on Mergers and Acquisitionsof Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006, and was subsequently amended in 2009. This regulation, among otherthings, governs the approval process of a PRC company’s participation in an acquisition of assets or equity interests. Depending on the structure of the transaction,the regulation requires the PRC parties to make a series of applications and supplemental applications to the government agencies for approval of acquisition ofassets or equity interests from other entity. In some instances, the application process may require a presentation of economic data concerning the transaction,including appraisals of the target business and evaluations of the acquirer, which are designed to allow the government to assess viability of the transaction.Government approvals will have expiration dates, by which a transaction must be completed and reported to the government agencies. Compliance with theregulation is likely to be more time consuming and expensive than it was in the past, and provides the government more controls over business combination of twoenterprises. As a result, our ability to engage in business combination transactions has become significantly more complicated, time consuming, and expensive. Wemay not be able to negotiate a transaction that is acceptable to our stockholders or sufficiently protect their interests in a transaction.The regulation allows PRC governmental agencies to assess the economic terms of a business combination transaction. Parties to a business combinationtransaction may have to submit to MOFCOM and other relevant government agencies an appraisal report, an evaluation report, and the acquisition agreement, all ofwhich were a part of the application for approval, depending on the structure of the transaction. The regulation also prohibits a transaction with an acquisition priceobviously lower than the appraised value of the PRC business or assets and in certain transaction structures, and requires consideration being paid within a definedperiod, generally not in excess of a year. The regulation also limits our ability to negotiate various terms of the acquisition, including the initial consideration,contingent consideration, holdback provisions, indemnification provisions, and provisions related to the assumption and allocation of assets and liabilities.Transaction structures involving trusts, nominees and similar entities are prohibited. Therefore, such regulation may impede our ability to negotiate and complete abusiness combination transaction on financial terms that satisfy our investors and protect our stockholders’ economic interests.15Table of ContentsPRC regulation of loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion mayrestrict or prevent us from using the proceeds of our future financings to make loans to our PRC subsidiaries, or to make additional capital contributions toour PRC subsidiary.We, as an offshore holding company, are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC subsidiary, which are treated as foreigninvestedenterprises under PRC laws, through loans or capital contributions. However, loans by us to any PRC subsidiary to finance its activities cannot exceed statutorylimits and must be registered with the local counterpart of SAFE and capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary are subject to the requirement of making necessaryfilings in the Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System, and registration with other governmental authorities in China.SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital ofForeigninvested Enterprises, or Circular 19, effective on June 1, 2015, in replacement of the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvementof the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign Invested Enterprises, or Circular 142, the Notice from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Exchange Businesses, or Circular 59, and theCircular on Further Clarification and Regulation of the Issues Concerning the Administration of Certain Capital Account Foreign Exchange Businesses, orCircular 45. According to Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of a foreigninvestedcompany is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans, the repayment of interenterprise loans or the repayment ofbank loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of aforeign invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within the PRC, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFEwill permit such capital to be used for equity investments in the PRC in actual practice. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, whichreiterates some of the rules set forth in Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registeredcapital of a foreigninvested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to grant loans to nonassociated enterprises.Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. Circular 19 and Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer anyforeign currency we hold, including the net proceeds from our future financings, to our PRC subsidiary, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability tofund and expand our business in the PRC.Due to the restrictions imposed on loans in foreign currencies extended to any PRC domestic companies, we are not likely to make such loans to any of our PRCsubsidiaries. Meanwhile, we are not likely to finance the activities of our subsidiaries by means of capital contributions given the restrictions on foreign investmentin the businesses that are currently conducted by our subsidiaries.In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannotassure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, withrespect to future loans to our PRC subsidiary or any consolidated variable interest entity or future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiary. As a result,uncertainties exist as to our ability to provide prompt financial support to our PRC subsidiaries when needed. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain suchapprovals, our ability to use foreign currency, including the proceeds we received from our future financings, and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operationsmay be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.16Table of ContentsAny failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal oradministrative sanctions.Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas nonpubliclylisted companies may submit applications to SAFE orits local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. In the meantime, our directors, executive officers andother employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year, subject to limitedexceptions, and who have been granted restricted shares, options or restricted share units, or RSUs, by us or our overseas listed subsidiaries may follow the Noticeon Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company,issued by SAFE in February 2012, to apply for the foreign exchange registration. According to those regulations, employees, directors and other managementmembers participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC citizens residing in China for acontinuous period of not less than one year, subject to limited exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which may be aPRC subsidiary of the overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines andlegal sanctions and may also limit their ability to make payment under the relevant equity incentive plans or receive dividends or sales proceeds related thereto inforeign currencies, or our ability to contribute additional capital into our domestic subsidiaries in China and limit our domestic subsidiaries’ ability to distributedividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties under PRC law that could restrict our ability or the ability of our overseas listed subsidiaries to adoptadditional equity incentive plans for our directors and employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period ofnot less than one year, subject to limited exceptions.In addition, the State Administration of Taxation has issued circulars concerning employee share options, restricted shares or RSUs. Under these circulars,employees working in the PRC who exercise share options, or whose restricted shares or RSUs vest, will be subject to PRC individual income tax. The PRCsubsidiaries of an overseas listed company have obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authoritiesand to withhold individual income taxes of those employees related to their share options, restricted shares or RSUs. If the employees fail to pay, or the PRCsubsidiaries fail to withhold, their income taxes according to relevant laws, rules and regulations, the PRC subsidiaries may face sanctions imposed by the taxauthorities.Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a “resident enterprise” of China. Such classification will likely result in unfavorable taxconsequences to us and our nonPRC shareholders.On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress of China passed a new Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law. On November 28, 2007, the State Council ofChina passed its implementing rules, which took effect on January 1, 2008. Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto managementbodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise,” meaning that it can be treated in a manner similar to a Chinese enterprise for enterprise income taxpurposes. The implementing rules of the EIT Law define de facto management as “substantial and overall management and control over the production andoperations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise.On April 22, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice Concerning Relevant Issues Regarding Cognizance of Chinese Investment ControlledEnterprises Incorporated Offshore as Resident Enterprises. According to the Criteria of de facto Management Bodies, or the Notice, further interprets the applicationof the EIT Law and its implementation nonChinese enterprise or group controlled offshore entities. Pursuant to the Notice, an enterprise incorporated in an offshorejurisdiction and controlled by a Chinese enterprise or group will be classified as a “nondomestically incorporated resident enterprise” if (i) its senior management incharge of daily operations reside or perform their duties mainly in China; (ii) its financial or personnel decisions are made or approved by bodies or persons in China;(iii) its substantial assets and properties, accounting books, corporate chops, board and shareholder minutes are kept in China; and (iv) at least half of its directorswith voting rights or senior management often resident in China. A resident enterprise would be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on its worldwideincome and must pay a withholding tax at a rate of 10%, when paying dividends to its nonPRC shareholders. However, it remains unclear as to whether the Notice isapplicable to an offshore enterprise incorporated by a Chinese natural person, nor detailed measures on imposition of tax from nondomestically incorporatedresident enterprises are available. Therefore, it is unclear how tax authorities will determine tax residency based on the facts of each case.17Table of ContentsWe may be deemed to be a resident enterprise by Chinese tax authorities. If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for the PRCenterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on financingproceeds and nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although, under the EIT Law and its implementingrules, dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued a guidance with respect to the processingof outbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for the PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidanceissued with respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation, which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to ournonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC stockholders from transferring our shares.Our failure to fully comply with PRC laws relating to social insurance and housing accumulation fund may expose it to potential administrative penalties. The PRC laws and regulations require all employers in China to fully contribute their own portion to the social insurance and housing accumulation funds for theiremployees within a certain period of time. Failure to do so may expose the employers to make rectification for the unpaid contributions by the relevant laborauthority. As of the date of this report, Hongri PRC has not paid housing accumulation funds for its employees. In addition, Hongri PRC failed to make contributions to thesocial insurance in full amount for its employees before 2014. PRC governmental authorities may impose penalties on Hongri PRC for failure to comply. In addition, inthe event that any current or former employee files a complaint with the PRC government, Hongri PRC may be subject to making up the contributions to the socialinsurance and housing accumulation funds as well as paying administrative fines. The total cost of these contributions and any related fines or penalties could besignificant and could have a material adverse effect on our working capital. We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Chinese anticorruption laws, and any determination that we violated these lawscould have a material adverse effect on our business. We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act, or FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and theirofficials and political parties by U.S. persons and issuers as defined by the statute, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have operations,agreements with third parties, and make most of our sales in China. The PRC also strictly prohibits bribery of government officials. Our activities in China create therisk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company, even though they may not alwaysbe subject to our control. It is our policy to implement safeguards to discourage these practices by our employees. However, our existing safeguards and any futureimprovements may prove to be less than effective, and the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company may engage in conduct for whichwe might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA or Chinese anticorruption laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to otherliabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the U.S. government may seek to hold our Companyliable for successor liability FCPA violations committed by companies in which we invest or that we acquire. If we become directly subject to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.listed Chinese companies, we may have to expendsignificant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations, stock price and reputation, and could result in a loss ofyour investment in our stock, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favorably. In the past few years, U.S. publicly traded companies that have substantially all of their operations in China, particularly companies like us have been the subject ofintense scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators, and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism,and negative publicity has centered around financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, lacking effective internal controls over financial accounting,inadequate corporate governance policies or lacking of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, criticism, and negativepublicity, the publicly traded stocks of many U.S. listed Chinese companies have sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, have become virtually worthless.Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions, and are conducting internal and external investigations into theallegations. It is not clear the effect of this sectorwide scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity will have on our Company, our business, and our stock price. If webecome the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources toinvestigate such allegations defending our Company. This situation will be costly, time consuming, and distract our management from growing our company.18Table of ContentsThe disclosures in our reports and other filings with the SEC and our other public pronouncements will not be subject to the scrutiny of any regulatory bodiesin the PRC. Accordingly, our public disclosure should be reviewed in light of the fact that no governmental agency that is located in China where all of ouroperations and business are located have conducted any due diligence on our operations or reviewed or cleared any of our disclosure. Unlike public reporting companies whose operations are located primarily in the United States, however, all of our operations will be located in China. Since all of ouroperations and business takes place in China, it may be more difficult for the Staff of the SEC to overcome the geographic and cultural obstacles that are presentwhen reviewing our disclosure. These same obstacles are not present for similar companies whose operations or business take place entirely or primarily in theUnited States. Furthermore, our SEC reports and other disclosure and public pronouncements are not subject to the review or scrutiny of any PRC regulatoryauthority. For example, the disclosure in our SEC reports and other filings are not subject to the review of the CSRC, a PRC regulator that is tasked with oversight ofthe capital markets in China. Accordingly, you should review our SEC reports, filings and our other public pronouncements with the understanding that no localregulator has done any due diligence on our company and with the understanding that none of our SEC reports, other filings or any of our other publicpronouncements has been reviewed or otherwise been scrutinized by any local regulator. Proceedings instituted by the SEC against five PRCbased accounting firms could result in financial statements being determined to be not in compliance withthe requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.In December 2012, the SEC instituted proceedings under Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) of the SEC’s Rules of Practice against five PRCbased accounting firms alleging that thesefirms had violated U.S. securities laws and the SEC’s rules and regulations thereunder by failing to provide to the SEC the firms’ work papers related to their audits ofcertain PRCbased companies that are publicly traded in the United States. Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) grants to the SEC the authority to deny to any person, temporarily orpermanently, the ability to practice before the SEC who is found by the SEC, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, to have willfully violated, or willfully aidedand abetted the violation of, any such laws or rules and regulations. On January 22, 2014, an initial administrative law decision was issued, sanctioning four of theseaccounting firms and suspending them from practicing before the SEC for a period of six months. The sanction will not take effect until there is an order ofeffectiveness issued by the SEC. In February 2014, four of these PRCbased accounting firms filed a petition for review of the initial decision. In February 2015, eachof these four accounting firms agreed to a censure and to pay fine to the SEC to settle the dispute with the SEC. The settlement stays the current proceeding for fouryears, during which time the firms are required to follow detailed procedures to seek to provide the SEC with access to Chinese firms’ audit documents via the CSRC.If a firm does not follow the procedures, the SEC would impose penalties such as suspensions, or commence a new, expedited administrative proceeding against thenoncompliant firm or it could restart the administrative proceeding against all four firms.If our independent registered public accounting firm were denied, temporarily or permanently, the ability to practice before the SEC, and we are unable to find in atimely manner another registered public accounting firm which can audit and issue a report on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determinedto not be in compliance with the requirements for financial statements of public companies with a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the SEC’s revocation of the registration of our common stock under theExchange Act, which would cause the immediate delisting of our common stock from the NASDAQ Capital Market, and the effective termination of the tradingmarket for our common stock in the United States, which would likely have a significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.19Table of ContentsOur holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should we decide inthe future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depend upon the receipts of dividends or other payments fromour operating subsidiaries, other holdings, and investments. In addition, our operating subsidiaries, from time to time, may be subject to restrictions on their abilityto make distributions to us, including as a result of restrictive covenants in loan agreements, restrictions on the conversion of local currency into U.S. dollars orother hard currency, and other regulatory restrictions as discussed below. If future dividends are paid in RMB, fluctuations in the exchange rate for conversion ofRMB into U.S. dollars may reduce the amount received by the U.S. stockholders upon conversion of dividend payments into U.S. dollars.Chinese regulations currently permit the payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards andregulations. Our subsidiaries in China are also required to set aside a portion of their aftertax profits to fund certain reserve funds according to the Chineseaccounting standards and regulations. Currently, our subsidiaries in China are the only sources of revenues or investment holdings for the payment of dividends. Ifthey do not accumulate sufficient profits under Chinese accounting standards and regulations to satisfy certain reserve funds as required by the Chineseaccounting standards, we will be unable to pay any dividends.Aftertax profits/losses with respect to the payment of dividends from accumulated profits and the annual appropriation of aftertax profits as calculated pursuant tothe Chinese accounting standards and regulations do not result in significant differences as compared to aftertax earnings as presented in our financial statements.However, there are certain differences between PRC accounting standards and regulations and U.S. GAAP, arising from different treatment of items such asamortization of intangible assets and change in fair value of contingent consideration rising from business combinations.RISKS RELATED TO THIS OFFERING AND THE MARKET FOR OUR SECURITIES GENERALLYIf we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of NASDAQ, we would face possible delisting, which would result in a limited public market for ourshares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Our common stock is traded and listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “KBSF.” The common stock may be delisted if we fail to maintain certainNasdaq listing requirements. For instance, companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bidprice per share of $1.00 for 30 consecutive business days. On March 3, 2016, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the 30 consecutive businessdays between January 20, 2016 and March 2, 2016, the bid price of our common stock closed below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQListing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued inclusion on The NASDAQ Capital Market. In accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we had an initial graceperiod of 180 calendar days, or until August 30, 2016, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. After the Company effectuated a oneforfifteenreverse stock split of the outstanding common stock, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq on February 27, 2017 stating that because the Company maintainedthe closing bid price of its common stock at $1.00 per share or greater from February 9 to February 24, 2017, they determined that the Company has regainedcompliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement.We cannot ensure you that we will continue to comply with the requirements for continued listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If our commonstock is no longer listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market, our shares would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our shares could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, andsecurity analysts’ coverage of us may be reduced. In addition, in the event our shares are delisted, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed uponthem, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions in our shares, further limiting the liquidity of our shares. These factors could result in lowerprices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our shares. Such delisting from The NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our shareprice could also greatly impair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing, and could significantly increase the ownershipdilution to shareholders caused by our issuing equity in financing or other transactions.20Table of ContentsIf we were delisted from NASDAQ, we may become subject to the trading complications experienced by “Penny Stocks” in the overthecounter market.Delisting from NASDAQ may cause our shares of common stock to become the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. The SEC generally defines a penny stock as an equitysecurity that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. One such exemption is tobe listed on NASDAQ. The market price of our common stock is currently higher than $1.00 per share. However, because the daily trading volume in our commonstock is very low, significant price movement can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Therefore, were we to be delisted from NASDAQ,our common stock may become subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. These rules require, among other things, that any broker engaging in a purchase or sale ofour securities provide its customers with: (i) a risk disclosure document, (ii) disclosure of market quotations, if any, (iii) disclosure of the compensation of the brokerand its salespersons in the transaction and (iv) monthly account statements showing the market values of our securities held in the customer’s accounts. A brokerwould be required to provide the bid and offer quotations and compensation information before effecting the transaction. This information must be contained on thecustomer’s confirmation. Generally, brokers are less willing to effect transactions in penny stocks due to these additional delivery requirements. These requirementsmay make it more difficult for shareholders to purchase or sell our shares. Because the broker, not us, prepares this information, we would not be able to assure thatsuch information is accurate, complete or current.Trading in our shares over the last three months has been very limited, so our stock price is highly volatile, leading to the possibility that you may not be able tosell as much stock as you want at prevailing prices.Because approximately 70% of our then issued and outstanding shares of common stock was tendered in the tender offering closed on July 29, 2014, we currentlyhave a limited amount of shares eligible for public trading. The average daily trading volume in our common stock over the last three months is very limited. If limitedtrading in our common stock continues, it may be difficult for investors to sell their shares in the public market at any given time at prevailing prices. Moreover, themarket price for shares of our common stock may be made more volatile because of the relatively low volume of trading in our common stock. When trading volumeis low, significant price movement of our common stock can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Volatility in our common stock couldcause stockholders to incur substantial losses.Numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly.There are numerous additional factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly. Thesefactors include:●our earnings releases, actual or anticipated changes in our earnings, fluctuations in our operating results or our failure to meet the expectations of financialmarket analysts and investors;●changes in financial estimates by us or by any securities analysts who might cover our shares;●speculation about our business in the press or the investment community;●significant developments relating to our relationships with our customers or suppliers;●stock market price and volume fluctuations of other publicly traded companies and, in particular, those that are in our industries;●customer demand for our products;●investor perceptions of our industry in general and our company in particular;●the operating and stock performance of comparable companies;●general economic conditions and trends;●major catastrophic events;●announcements by us or our competitors of new products, significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships or divestitures;●changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretation or principles;●loss of external funding sources;●sales of our shares, including sales by our directors, officers or significant shareholders; and●additions or departures of key personnel.21Table of ContentsSecurities class action litigation is often instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their share price. This type of litigation could result insubstantial costs to us and divert our management’s attention and resources. Moreover, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price andvolume fluctuations for reasons unrelated to operating performance of particular companies. For example, in July 2008, the securities markets in the United States,China and other jurisdictions experienced the largest decline in share prices since September 2001. These market fluctuations may adversely affect the price of ourshares and other interests in our company at a time when you want to sell your interest in us.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and do not anticipate paying any cashdividends on our shares. Accordingly, investors must be prepared to rely on sales of their shares after price appreciation to earn an investment return, which maynever occur. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our shares. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion ofour Board of Directors, and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable laws, and otherfactors our board deems relevant.Certain of our shareholders hold a significant percentage of our outstanding voting securities.Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, is the beneficial owner of approximately 37% of our outstanding voting securities. As a result, hepossesses significant influence and can elect a majority of our board of directors and authorize or prevent proposed significant corporate transactions. Hisownership and control may also have the effect of delaying or preventing a future change in control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other businesscombination or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer.Our outstanding warrants may adversely affect the market price of our shares of common stock.There are currently 393,836 warrants outstanding. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50. The sale orpossibility of sale of the shares underlying the warrants could have an adverse effect on the market price for our shares of common stock or our ability to obtainfuture financing. If and to the extent these warrants are exercised, you may experience dilution to your holdings.You will not be able to exercise your redeemable warrants if we do not have an effective registration statement and a prospectus in place when you desire to doso.No redeemable warrants will be exercisable, and we will not be obligated to issue shares of common stock upon exercise of redeemable warrants by a holder unless,at the time of such exercise, we have a registration statement or posteffective amendment under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuableupon the exercise of the redeemable warrants and a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Under the terms of a redeemable warrant agreementbetween American Stock Transfer & Trust Company as warrant agent, and us, we have agreed to use our best efforts to have a registration statement in effectcovering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants from the date the redeemable warrants become exercisable and to maintain acurrent prospectus relating to shares of common stock until the redeemable warrants expire or are redeemed, and to take such action as is necessary to qualify theshares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants for sale in those states in which the IPO was initially qualified. However, we cannotassure you that we will be able to do so. We may be unable to have a registration statement in effect covering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of theredeemable warrants or to maintain a current prospectus relating to such shares of common stock if, for example, we lack the current financial statements necessaryto be included in such registration statement or prospectus. We have no obligation to settle the redeemable warrants for cash, in any event, and the redeemablewarrants may not be exercised and we will not deliver securities therefor in the absence of an effective registration statement and a prospectus available for use. Theredeemable warrants may be deprived of any value, the market for the redeemable warrants may be limited if there is no registration statement in effect covering theshares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the redeemable warrants or the prospectus relating to the shares of common stock issuable upon the exerciseof the redeemable warrants is not current and the redeemable warrants may expire worthless. If you are unable to exercise or sell your redeemable warrants, you willhave paid the full unit price for only the shares of common stock underlying the units.22Table of ContentsHolders of warrants included in the placement units may exercise these warrants even if an effective registration statement and a prospectus is not in place,which means they may be able to exercise such warrants while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.Unlike the warrants underlying the units issued in connection with our IPO, the warrants included in the placement units will not be restricted from being exercisedin the absence of a registration statement under the Securities Act in effect covering the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the such warrantsand a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Therefore, the holders thereof will be able to exercise such warrants regardless of whether the issuanceof the underlying shares of common stock is registered under the Securities Act, while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.We are a “foreign private issuer” and have disclosure obligations that are different than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. Therefore, you should notexpect to receive the same information about us as a U.S. domestic reporting company may provide. Furthermore, if we or lose our status as a foreign privateissuer, we would be required to fully comply with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers and incur significantoperational, administrative, legal, and accounting costs that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer.We are a foreign private issuer. As a result, we are not subject to certain of the requirements imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the SEC. For example, we arenot required by the SEC or the federal securities laws to issue quarterly reports or file proxy statements with the SEC. We are also allowed to file our annual reportwith the SEC within four months of our fiscal year end. We are also not required to disclose certain detailed information regarding executive compensation that isrequired from U.S. domestic issuers. Further, our directors and executive officers are not required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Securities Act. Asa foreign private issuer, we are also exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups ofinvestors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. We are, however, still subject to the antifraud and antimanipulation rules ofthe SEC, such as Rule 10b5. Since many of the disclosure obligations required of us as a foreign private issuer are different than those required by U.S. domesticreporting companies, our shareholders should not expect to receive all of the same types of information about us and at the same time as information is receivedfrom, or provided by, U.S. domestic reporting companies. We are liable for violations of the rules and regulations of the SEC, which do apply to us as a foreignprivate issuer. Violations of these rules could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain NASDAQ corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. Thismay afford less protection to holders of our securities.We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. As a foreign private issuer,we are permitted to follow the governance practices of our home country, the Republic of the Marshall Islands in lieu of certain corporate governance requirementsof Nasdaq. As result, the standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not requiredto:●have a compensation committee and a nominating committee to be comprised solely of “independent directors; and●hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the Company’s fiscal yearend.As a result, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.Future sales or perceived sales of our shares of common stock could depress our stock price.As of the date of this report, we have 2,591,299 shares of common stock outstanding. Many of these shares will become eligible for sale in the public market, subjectto limitations imposed by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. If the holders of these shares were to attempt to sell a substantial amount of their holdings at once, themarket price of our common stock could decline. Moreover, the perceived risk of this potential dilution could cause shareholders to attempt to sell their shares andinvestors to short the common stock, a practice in which an investor sells shares that he or she does not own at prevailing market prices, hoping to purchase shareslater at a lower price to cover the sale. As each of these events would cause the number of shares of our common stock being offered for sale to increase, ourcommon stock market price would likely further decline. All of these events could combine to make it very difficult for us to sell equity or equityrelated securities inthe future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.23Table of ContentsHolders of our securities may face difficulties in protecting their interests because we are incorporated under the Republic of the Marshall Islands law.We are a company incorporated under the laws of the Marshall Islands, and almost all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, majority of ourdirectors and officers, and their assets, are located outside of the United States. As a result, you may have difficulty serving legal process within the United Statesupon us or any of these persons. You may also have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside the United States, judgments you may obtain in U.S. courts against usor these persons in any action, including actions based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal or state securities laws. You may also have difficultybringing an original action in the appropriate court of the Marshall Islands to enforce liabilities against us or any person based upon the U.S. federal securities laws.Provisions of our articles of incorporation may impede a takeover or make it more difficult for shareholders to change the direction or management of theCompany, which could reduce shareholders’ opportunity to influence management of the Company.Our articles of incorporation permit our board of directors to issue up to five million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 from time to time, with suchrights and preferences as they consider appropriate. These terms may include voting rights including the right to vote as a series on particular matters, preferencesas to dividends and liquidation, conversion rights and redemption rights provisions. The issuance of any preferred stock could reduce the value of our commonstock. In addition, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell assets to, a third party. Theability of the board of directors to issue preferred stock could make it more difficult, delay, discourage, prevent or make it more costly to acquire or effect a changeincontrol, which in turn could prevent shareholders from recognizing a gain in the event that a favorable offer is extended and could materially and negatively affectthe market price of our common stock.ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANYA.History and Development of the CompanyWe are a Republic of the Marshall Islands Company incorporated under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BDA”) on January 26, 2012. We wereoriginally organized under the name “Aquasition Corp.” for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, orsimilar acquisition transaction, one or more operating businesses or assets. The address of the Company’s principal executive office is Xingfengge Building,Baogaiyupu Industrial Park, Shishi City, Fujian Province of china.On March 24, 2014, we entered into a share exchange agreement and plan of liquidation (the “Exchange Agreement”), with KBS International, Hongri International, athen wholly owned subsidiary of KBS International and Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, each an individual and shareholder of KBS International (each, a“Principal Stockholder”). The Exchange Agreement was subsequently amended on June 21, 2014. The transactions contemplated in the Exchange Agreement (the“Share Exchange”) were closed on August 1, 2014. At the closing, we acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interest in Hongri International from KBSInternational. In exchange, we issued an aggregate of 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company to KBS International. In addition, on July 29, 2014, wecompleted a tender offer related to the Share Exchange and redeemed the 332,116 shares of common stock validly tendered and not withdrawn. Pursuant to theExchange Agreement, KBS International was liquidated and dissolved in August 2014 and the 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company were distributed toeach shareholder of KBS International according to their respective ownership of KBS International. As a result, following the consummation of the Share Exchange,we had a total of 1,694,489 shares of common stock outstanding.24Table of ContentsOn October 31, 2014, we held a special shareholder meeting and amended our Articles of Incorporation to change our name to KBS Fashion Group Limited.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.On March 29, 2016, we granted an aggregate of 73,334 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their past services in 2015 and future services to be provided in 2016.On July 10, 2017, we granted an aggregate of 215,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company as compensationsfor their services.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their services.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 registered shares of common stock pursuant to our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to our executive officers,directors and certain employees as compensations for their services.On March 29, 2019, our board of directors approved the issuance of 15,000 shares of common stock to our Investor Relationship firm as compensation for theirservices. The issuance of the shares was made in reliance on the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), for theoffer and sale of securities not involving a public offering, and Regulation S promulgated thereunder. None of the shares have been registered under the Act andneither may be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.25Table of ContentsCorporate StructureAll of our business operations are conducted through our PRC subsidiaries. The chart below presents our corporate structure as of the date of this report. The Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regardingissuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.Our web site address is http://www.kbsfashion.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of thisAnnual Report.Principal Capital Expenditures and DivestituresFor the year ended December 31, 2018, our total capital expenditures and divestitures were $nil. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, our total capitalexpenditures and divestitures were $849,199 and $45,445, respectively. Such expenditures were primarily used construction of production facility and purchasing fireprotection facility. Our operating cash flow mainly funded these capital expenditures.B.Business OverviewWe are a leading casual menswear company in China with a demonstrated track record of designing, marketing, and selling our own line of fashion menswear. Ourproducts include men’s apparel, footwear and accessories, primarily targeting urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 in the Tier II and Tier III cities in China.Tier II cities generally refer to major cities located in each province of China other than the capital city of such province. Tier III cities generally refer to countylevelcities in China. Tier III cities that we focus on are the national top 100 county cities identified by the State Statistics Bureau of China each year. These cities arecharacterized by higher GDP, higher disposable income, better education and better infrastructure as compared with other countylevel cities.26Table of ContentsOur apparel products include outerwear, knitwear, denim, tops, bottoms, accessories and footwear. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products,each year with a different theme to highlight the current trends in menswear for the season.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by the company and 40 franchised stores operated by 14 third party distributors or their subdistributors. The number of stores has grown from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017and 2016, sales through our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues respectively, and sales through distributors and whole sellersaccounted for 73%, 66.5% and 78% of our revenues, respectively. Total revenue from corporate stores sales for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $7.0million for 2017 and $5.53 million for 2016.From 2009 through 2018, total net sales decreased from $28.1 million to $18.53 million while the net profit decreased from $9.0 million to a net loss of $8 million.Our Competitive StrengthsWe believe that the following competitive strengths enable us to compete effectively in and capitalize on the growing casual menswear industry in China.●There is a sizable market for our products. We believe that we have a sizeable potential market. Our target customers are male middleclass consumers inthe 2040 age range. According to the national census in 2018, the population in China between 1659 yearsold was approximately 900 million. Our targetgroup falls into this category and is estimated to be more than 200 million people. As a result of the growing affluence in the PRC and increased purchasingpower of the PRC population, we believe that PRC consumers are becoming more willing and able to purchase casual menswear. In addition, we believe thatthe purchasing decision of PRC consumers is becoming more predicated upon brand image, product design and style, rather than just price considerations.With rising affluence and improvement in lifestyle, we also believe the overall Chinese population is generally growing more brand name conscious andstyle oriented and has shown a propensity for increased spending on casual menswear.●We have a strong focus on design and product development. We believe that our inhouse design and product development capabilities allow us to createunique products that appeal to our customers. We have established a strong inhouse design and product development team of 20 employees as of April26, 2019. Our team identifies new fashion trends by attending fashion shows and exhibitions as well as by drawing from creative ideas in magazines andother media. Each spring and fall, we carefully plan and create a new product line for our fall/winter and spring/summer collections of 727 SKU thatencompasses our full range of product offerings, including outerwear, tops, bottoms and accessories. We introduce new design elements into our productlines each season. With our highly skilled and creative team of designers, we have extensive experience in creating unique designs to meet the preferencesand needs of our target customer base.●Our trademarked brand has earned a following in China. Our brand was developed in 2006. Our marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design andmade for Chinese.” Our customers are middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range. We believe that their products’ concept, marketing, design andpackaging fully match with the prowestern attitude and life styles of their target customers. We believe the KBS brand is essential to our success topenetrate to the casual menswear market in China.●We have an extensive and wellmanaged nationwide distribution network. We have an extensive distribution network throughout China. As of December31, 2018, we had 1 KBS branded corporate stores and 32 franchised stores across 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. TheKBS branded corporate stores are required to sell only our products. We have been building up our selected distributor network since 2007. As ofDecember 31, 2018, we had 11 distributors operating 32 franchised stores. All of our distributors have been working with us from 1 to 10 years. We selectour distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry, sales channels, business resources, brand promotioncapabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. Our distributors help us respond to changing consumer tastes in a timelymanner by providing regular feedback on our products at our semiannual sales fairs and frequent communications. The financial resources of ourdistributors allow us to expand our retail network with less working capital investment from us than would be required for establishing direct stores, as ourdistributors are responsible for the store rentals and cost of inventory in their stores. We sold a substantial amount of our products through ourdistributors, which have allowed us to distribute our products to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge ofour distributors and their sub distributors. We believe that our distribution network has enabled us to expand our business and increase our salesefficiently and with less operational risk. This model has also minimized our operational risk because we typically start production after we receive ordersfrom our distributors. We believe that using a distribution network to sell a substantial amount of our KBS products has enabled us to devote ourresources to our core competitive strengths of design, brand management and product development.27Table of Contents●We have an experienced management team. Our management team has extensive R&D, marketing and financial experience, led by our Chief ExecutiveOfficer, Mr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has over 27 years of experience in the apparel industry and also has developed a differentiated product by internationalcooperation with a Korean designer. After working in the garment industry for more than 16 years, Mr. Yan acquired and developed the KBS brand. Withhis strong understanding of the apparel industry, Mr. Yan has successfully established this brand name in the market. We are committed to attract andretain top management level executives who we believe are and will continue to be the driving force behind our product development and growth.Our Growth StrategyWe intend to further strengthen our market position in the casual menswear market in China by implementing the following strategies:●We plan to expand our online business and purchase one or more online sales platforms or online stores. Together with the change in consumer trends,online sales is now the most important sales channel in Chinese market and is becoming increasingly important globally. Sales from our stores anddistributors have been steadily decreasing, and we are now in the process of identifying the best possible ways to establish and expand our onlinebusiness. We plan to research and purchase one or more online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that KBS will have better opportunities toexpand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores in year 2019, and the management of KBS will keep on exploring other areas and businessmodels, such as the use of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends. We consider that ourpolicy to expand our outreach using new technologies will add significant shareholder value.●We plan to expand our OEM sales by attracting more reputable and longterm clients. We just had the renewal of a framework sales contract with twomajor current customers: Hangzhou Zhi Yin Apparel Clothes Co., Ltd and Hangzhou Yiyuan Apparel Co., Ltd. These two sales contracts are expected togenerate approximately RMB 28 million in total, of which RMB 20 million relates to Hangzhou Ziyin of new 450,000 orders and RMB 8 million relates toHangzhou Yiyuan of new 160,000 orders for this year. We are also expanding our OEM business and to get more clients, especially to focus on onlineproviders, as they have expanded their market share over the past years quickly together with the change in Chinese consumer’s preferences and occupy alarge market share. By the time when we start executing the orders, we expect that we can have sustainable and increasing business.●We plan to invest in a Greece Based Private Smart Tech Apparel Company. We signed a letter of intent with Tribe, one of the most innovative smartclothing technology companies internationally. If the transaction is consummated, we conceive that this investment will enhance and expand significantlyour client network and products offering. The smart clothing market is expected to surpass the 2 trillion US dollars in size in 2019 and we believe we are wellpositioned to capture a part of this market in the wider region.28Table of Contents●We plan to continue to raise the profile of the KBS brand through enhanced advertising and promotional activities. We believe that the strongassociation of KBS brand with our concept of “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese” has helped drive our brand positioning and customers’receptivity to our products. We intend to further build our brand and deliver a consistent brand image from product design to sales and marketing. We seekto promote and enhance our presence in China’s casual menswear market by continuing to adopt proactive marketing strategies and produce high quality,well designed casual menswear for our target market. In particular, we aim to increase awareness of our brand through: (1) multichannel advertisingstrategies through national television, fashion magazines, billboards and other media channels; (2) further assisting our distributors’ regional advertisingefforts; (3) distinctive store and product launch campaigns, including special events for new product launches and largescale grand opening events fornew stores, particularly new corporate stores; (4) update of the decoration and layout of a number of existing stores which have been in operation for yearsto improve the shopping experience; (5) participation in fashion shows; and (6) sponsorships of selected highimpact events. We believe that theseadvertising and promotional activities will help to further strengthen brand awareness in our target market and enhance customer loyalty.●We plan to expand and build upon our design and product development capabilities. We intend to further strengthen our design and productdevelopment capabilities by accelerating the commercialization of design concepts, expanding our product offerings and continuing to develop what webelieve is unique casual menswear. We plan to further invest in design and product development and expand our design and product development team byattracting talented designers, either domestic or international, and training young graduates from leading fashion design institutes. We believe thatcombining western fashion design experience with our local designer’s understanding of the China market and aesthetic will enable us to create fashionableyet popular casual menswear for consumers in China. We also intend to cooperate with our suppliers to develop new materials and fabrics which we believewill give customers a unique fashion product and create new market opportunities. We believe that our focus on designing unique and quality casualmenswear will allow us to maintain our competitiveness and help to enhance our sales and overall profitability.●We plan to expand our production capacity to expand and diversify our product offerings. Our production facility is located in Taihu City, AnhuiProvince, China, consisting of total 110,557 square meters of land. Currently this facility has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per yearand can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famous sportswear producers, some successful onlinebrand stores and fulfill some overseas orders. The construction of our facility commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases: Phase 1 consists of theconstruction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We have completed theconstruction of facilities for Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Although we have the designed capacity of 5 million pieces yearly, the facilitycurrently may only produce 2 million pieces per year. Phase 3 construction has been delayed because the local government needs additional time toconclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 canbe continued. Phase 4 will include production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quarters and livingfacilities. Upon completion, the new facility is expected to have a production capacity of 20 million pieces and accommodate 5,000 workers. Please see“Production” below for a more complete explanation of our plans for the expansion of our production capacity. We anticipate that the new productionfacility will allow us to further refine our existing product lines by offering more styles within our existing apparel and accessories categories and tointroduce additional, complementary apparel and accessories categories into our product line. We currently introduce 500 to 900 different styles ofproducts each year and intend to increase the number of our product offerings in the future.●We plan to expand our international market and attract more orders from overseas. Starting from year 2016, we have been awarded international OEMorders for producing clothes with overseas brands. Such orders are usually large and continuous. Due to the completion of phase 2 construction of ourAnhui factory, we have enough production capacity to take on large orders. The current utilization rate of the Anhui factory is still quite low and we expectto invest more in attracting more large orders from overseas.The KBS BrandWe are engaged in a highly competitive industry in which brand image and recognition is critical to attracting customers to purchase our products. We haveadopted KBS as a uniform brand name and image for all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. The KBS brand was created byMs. Qinghua Ye in 2006 and registered with the trademark administration authority in 2008. Subsequently, Ms. Ye assigned the KBS trademark to Hongri PRC in2008. In 2009, Hongri PRC transferred this trademark to France Cock, which then licensed such trademark back to Hongri PRC. Based on our sharp rise in revenuesince 2006, we believe that the KBS brand has gained a following in the casual menswear market in the cities where our products are sold.29Table of ContentsTo promote our brand, we have developed and implemented brand management policies in all of our corporate stores and franchised stores. Our brand managementpolicies set out detailed requirements for store decorations and display of products. This enables us to project a consistent brand image. In addition, each season,our design and product development team develops display concepts, including the presentation of our collections in the stores and the color schemes for thebackdrops. We also work closely with our distributors to supervise the daily operations of franchised stores through unscheduled visits to ensure that our brandmanagement policies are properly followed.We may suspend the supply of our products or terminate distribution agreements in the event that any of our distributors or their subdistributors consistently failsto comply with our brand management policies.Our ProductsOur apparel products include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, socks and caps. In 2018, thesuggested retail prices of our products ranged from RMB 15 to RMB1,599 (approximately $2 to $237) for our apparel products and RMB178 to RMB1599(approximately $26 to $236) for our accessory products. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products, each year with a different theme tohighlight the current trends in menswear for the season.Our DesignWe believe one of our key strengths is our internal design and product development team, which designs products that reinforce our brand image. Major parts ofour products are designed by our internal design and product development team with the collaboration of Korean designers. As of December 31, 2018, our designand product development team consisted of 20 members, including one senior designer with over five years of working experience. Final design concepts areapproved by Mr. Keyan Yan, who has more than 27 years of experience in the industry. All of the other designers are graduates of professional design schools inChina. We believe that our design and product development team is innovative and passionate and that the individual experience of each of our designers helpsbring new and exciting products to our customers. Our design and product development team conceptualizes each season’s collections through an interactiveprocess, taking into account our brand strategy, product image and market feedback, drawing inspirations from domestic and international fashion trends andcollaborating with both our suppliers and distributors to finetune our designs. In particular, we collaborate with our suppliers to develop a variety of materials andfabrics for our products. We also involve distributors in our product selection process to take advantage of their market intelligence, which helps us to adapt toconstantly changing customer preferences in local markets. Our designers also attend various domestic and international fashion shows to keep abreast of the latestfashion trends.Starting from year 2015, design of our products comes from three channels. In addition to designing products by our inhouse staff, we outsource to certainreputable designers. From time to time, our ODMs also will directly sell their designed products to us.In a typical year, we design and make around 1,500 prototypes. After the initial product selection, internal cost analysis of approved prototypes and final selectionby distributors at the sales fairs, we eventually select approximately 750 designs for mass production. Final design of all of our products will be approved by ourChairman, Mr. Yan.Our Distribution NetworkWe have established a nationwide distribution network consisting of corporate stores and franchised stores covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrallyadministered municipalities.Corporate StoresAs of December 31, 2018, we owned and operated 1 corporate store with the floor area of approximately 120 square meters. As part of our corporate strategy, weclosed 17 corporate stores in last two years because of the low profitability of certain corporate stores. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, salesthrough our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues, respectively.30Table of ContentsWe directly own and operate our corporate store. This direct control enables us to have closer relationship with our ultimate customers and better understanding ofmarket trends and consumer preferences. Required capital for opening of each store depends on the location and area of the designated store. On average, therenovation cost per store is around $67,000 and the first year of rent payment is around $140,000 including premium paid to the previous owner. Rental period variesfrom two to five years. The total capital required to open a new store is generally around $207,000 per store. Once negotiation of rent is concluded, it takes one totwo months to open up a store. We usually open up stores right before a peak season, such as labor holiday in May, National holiday in October and Chinese NewYear in January/February. On average, new stores break even after one to three months of operation.We currently have one standard designs for our corporate stores located in Fujian Province. They were considered as flagship stores for our distributors’ reference.Because in year 2016 and 2015 we closed some corporate stores, the inventories of these stores were cleared through promotion exhibitions we held in the thirdtiercities at lower prices.For corporate stores opened in second tier cities, we normally have a higher aesthetic standard compared with corporate stores in third and fourth tier cities. Wegenerally locate our corporate stores at street level to access high pedestrian flow. Normally, we will sell inseason stock in our secondtier city corporate stores. Oursecondtier city corporate stores are also designed to showcase our marketability to potential distributors so as to induce them to join our distributorship. For storesopened in the third and fourth tier cities, we normally sell some of our slowmoving or offseason stock at a discount due to our awareness of the generally lesseramount of disposable income available to residents of these cities. During certain times of the year, such as the New Year, Chinese New Year and Labor Day, we willorganize promotional discounts together with our franchised stores to attract more customers and increase our stock turnover.Franchised StoresWe sell a substantial amount of our products to our franchised distributors who in turn sell them to retail customers through KBS branded retail stores operated byour distributors or their subdistributors. Since 2013, we have also been selling products to 3 provincial distributors without their own stores, or the nostoredistributors, on a trial basis. We do not have any ownership in, or controlling relationship with, these franchised stores, but we have entered into distributionagreements with them in the Company’s standard form, pursuant to which we require distributors and their subdistributors to sell only KBS products in thesestores. Distributors are responsible for selecting and ordering products from us and overseeing the sales in the stores operated by them and their subdistributors.By selling directly to our distributors, we can recognize revenues upon delivery to our distributors and delegate the distribution responsibilities to our distributors.This allows us to distribute our merchandise to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge of our distributors and theirsubdistributors. This also minimizes our inventory and sales risks while allowing us to allocate our resources to our core competitive strengths of design, brandmanagement and product development. We believe that our cooperation with distributors has enabled us to expand our business and accelerate our sales growth atmuch lower costs and operational risk and achieve brand recognition throughout China.We have been building up our selected franchised distributor network since 2007. As of December 31, 2018, we had 11 franchised distributors who operated 32 retailstores directly or through their subdistributors, all of which were standalone stores, which were typically located in commercial centers, including departmentstores or shopping malls, in their cities. All these distributors have worked with us for about 1 to 8 years. We have not encountered any material dispute or financialdifficulty with our key distributors. The average floor area of each retail store was approximately 78 square meters as of December 2018. The number of retail storeshas grown significantly in recent years from 7 as of December 31, 2006, with the aggregate floor area increasing from 560 square meters as of December 31, 2006 to2,635 square meters as of December 31, 2018. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, sales through our distributors accounted for 73%, 63.3% and78% of our revenues, respectively. 31Table of ContentsDuring each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we had no customer exceeding 10% of our net sales.Sales generated by our five bestperforming franchised distributors accounted for approximately 29.3%, 23.8% and 28.3% of our revenues in the years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Those top distributors have been with us since 2007 or 2008 and have grown organically with us. At the same time,we are exploring more distributors in other regions including relatively small distributors to grow with their businesses. Although we rely on distributors for thesales and marketing of our products, we believe our business is not substantially dependent on any individual distributor.We are highly selective in appointing distributors. We select our distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry,sales channels, business resources, brand promotion capabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. We maintain good relationshipswith many regional or local distributor candidates which we identify through our internal research and external referrals but only appoint a handful of them tobecome our distributors. We evaluate the relevant experience of the distributor candidates in operating retail stores, their financial condition and sources of fundingrequired for the establishment of a regional distribution network and their ability to develop a network of retail stores in the designated distribution region of a givendistributor before we make any appointment.Once appointed, each distributor must enter into a distribution agreement with us. We do not own any interest in any of our distributors, their subdistributors orthe retail stores they operate. The distribution agreements we typically enter into with distributors do not allow us to be involved in the daily operating, financing orother activities of the distributors, except that distributors need to comply with our brand management policies and pricing and store management guidelines. Keyterms of our standard distribution agreement include:●Product Exclusivity. Our distributors are required to sell only our products at KBS branded retail outlets managed by them or authorized retailers.●Geographic Coverage. Distributors are granted exclusive rights to distribute our products (directly and indirectly through their subdistributors) in theretail stores within the specified geographic area with no overlapping of distributors within our distribution network. However, we retain the right to operatedirect stores anywhere regardless of whether we have appointed distributors there.●Duration. The distribution agreements generally have an initial term of one year and are renewable at our discretion after taking into account factors suchas compliance with our brand management policies and sales performance.●Distributor Pricing. Distributors agree to order our products at a discount from our suggested retail prices. The discounted wholesale prices todistributors are classified into the following three categories: provincial distributor at a discount of 35% of retail price, district distributor is 30% of retailprice and the wholesale distributor is 25% of retail price.●Minimum Purchase Requirement. Each of our distributors is customarily expected to purchase a minimum amount of our products for each trade fair heldbiannually according to their present and expected distribution network. The minimum is typically RMB800,000 (approximately $110,000) for each store.●Payment and Delivery. Normally, we expect distributors to pay us RMB0.5 million (approximately $74,000) to RMB1 million (approximately $148,148) as adeposit upon placing an order. Upon delivery of the orders, we will deduct amounts on deposit from the purchase price. For new and small districtdistributors, we normally require them to pay the balance before the delivery of its products. We may also accept payment on credit terms to the extentrequested by distributors experiencing working capital difficulties or encouraging them to order more. The amount and duration of credit granted to eachdistributor will depend on its financial position and creditworthiness. We handle the arrangements for delivery of our products, but the distributors arenormally expected to bear the related costs and expenses.32Table of Contents●Return of Products. We will only accept product returns from distributors for quality reasons and only if the distributors followed our standard proceduresin processing the returned products. So far, we have not experienced any product returns due to expressed quality reasons.●Retail Pricing. Other than at times when we launch promotional campaigns or adjust our strategies, distributors must adopt, and are required to procuretheir subdistributors to adopt, our suggested retail prices for products. Distributors must obtain our consent before launching any distributor specificspecial offers.●Brand Management. Distributors must comply with our brand management policies and store management guidelines. We may impose penalties, forfeitureof deposit, suspend supply of products and terminate the agreement in the event of any breach of such policies.●Termination. We may generally terminate the distribution agreements and seek indemnification in the event of breach by distributors. In the event of sometypes of breach, we may not terminate the agreement but have other remedies. For example, if a distributor fails to order all products provided for under thedistributorship agreement, we may instead impose forfeiture of deposit or withhold certain benefits.When opening new retail stores, our distributors conduct research on the market potential of the proposed retail sites, after which they will provide us with anapplication for opening a new retail store. In reviewing applications, we consider factors including the store location, store layout, available area, marketopportunities, competitors and estimated sales. We conduct selected onsite investigations to verify applications filed by our distributors. Our retail stores aregenerally located in convenient retail locations in their respective cities and thus benefit from high volumes of pedestrian traffic.Effective monitoring of distributors and their retail stores is critical to our success. We have a team in our marketing, sales and distribution department to monitorour distributors’ and their subdistributors’ performance, who conduct onsite inspections of selected retail stores each quarter without prior notice to ensurecompliance with our store management guidelines. According to the results of our inspections, we, from time to time, make suggestions to our distributors withrespect to the opening or closure of their retail stores. Distributors also need to submit to us their annual/ semiannual plans to estimate their orders for the nextseason and their plan to improve the performance of existing retail stores or expand by opening new retail stores. This reporting system enables us to access uptodate sales projections of our distributors and their subdistributors, which reflects the overall level of retail sales of our products. It also provides us with theexpansion plan of each distributor which helps us prepare our overall development plan in a more accurate manner.We invite our distributors, as well as a select number of their subdistributors and retail store managers, to attend our sales fairs, which are held twice a year. Duringthe sales fairs, we discuss with our distributors and their subdistributors the upcoming product line. Apart from participating in two sales fairs each year, ourdistributors visit us from time to time and contact us as necessary, which allows us to have access to updated market information. We also provide training fordistributors and their subdistributors in the areas of sales techniques, customer service and product knowledge, typically prior to the launch of our new collectionseach year. We believe that these investments help to improve the operations of the sales network and provide additional valueadded services to retain ourdistributors and their subdistributors.The following table lists by region the number of retail stores operated by distributors and subdistributors as of December 31, 2018:LocationAs ofDecember 31,2018Fujian6Guangdong2Guangxi3Jiangsu4Anhui2Chongqing4Tianjin3Hebei4Sichuan4Total3233Table of ContentsPricing PolicyWe sell our products to our distributors at uniform discounts from our suggested retail prices. We have a suggested retail price policy that applies to all our storesto help maintain brand image, ensure consistent pricing levels from region to region and prevent price competition among our distributors. In determining our pricingstrategies, we take into account market supply and demand, production cost and the prices of our competitors’ similar products. Our sales representatives collectand record the retail prices of our products sold by our retailers. We analyze the information collected and engage in discussions with our distributors to ensure thatthey follow our pricing policy. See “Franchised Stores” above.ProductionOriginally located in Shishi City in Fujian Province and started production in 2006, our production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China.The facility currently has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famoussportswear producers. Our production facility was operating at full capacity between 2009 and 2012. In 2014, we produced about 0.39 million units at the operatingcapacity of 19.5%; while in 2015,we produced about 0.48 million units at the operating capacity of 24%. In 2016, we produced about 0.54 million units at the operatingcapacity of 27%.In 2017 and 2018, we produced about 0.30 million and 0.49 million units at the operating capacity of 15% and 25%. Since 2011, we have been negotiating with the local government to acquire land use rights for our current facility consisting of 110,557 square meters. We obtaineda portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square meters and 2,440 square meters in March 2012 and May 2012, respectively, and have finishedthe construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factoryin year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with localresidents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. While we cannot guaranteewhen and whether the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land will be eventually completed, we believe we will be in a better position toschedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Once completed, our total production capacity of the facility isexpected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.All of the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers bear the brand name KBS. As of December 31, 2018, we had 3 ODM contractmanufacturers and 3 OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had 3 and 6 OEM contract manufacturers, respectively. Oursourcing strategy is based upon the quality of fabrics and workmanship that our customers expect from the KBS brand. The costs of our outsourced productionamounted to approximately $8.38 million, $10.94 million and$26.1 million for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, accounting forapproximately 27.3%, 31% and 66.8% of our total cost of sales in the respective periods.As of December 31, 2018, our principal ODM and OEM contract suppliers included the following:No.1Bai Tian Ni (Fujian) Clothing fabric Co. Ltd2Shishi Hua Lai Shi Clothing Co. Ltd3Jinjiang City Hongtawanheng trading Co. Ltd4Fujian Gumaite Clothing Technology Co. Ltd5Shishi Rongpeng Clothing Co. Ltd6Hubei Mingyuan Clothing Co. LtdWe are not materially reliant on any single ODM or OEM contract supplier.34Table of ContentsInventory ManagementWe recognize that controlling the level of inventory is important to our overall operational efficiency and cost control. Based on the purchase orders our distributorsand the department store chains place at our biannual sales fairs, we are able to anticipate the demand for our products in advance and plan ahead for our ownmanufacturing and the orders we will be required to place with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We generally plan purchases of raw materials and placemanufacturing orders with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers immediately after each of our two seasonal sales fairs, usually in May for our autumn andwinter products and in October for our spring and summer products, where we confirm sales orders with our distributors and department store chains. This enablesus and our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to have sufficient time, ranging from two to eight weeks, to produce the products and provide our productssuitable for a specific season to our distributors and department store chains on a justintime basis so as to minimize our inventory levels. The alternative way tocontrol cost is when if we have chance to buy materials which the price is much lower than market price, we will buy it in advance and give to OEM contractmanufactures use our material to produce.Quality ControlProduct quality control is a critical aspect of our business. Our dedicated quality control team performs various quality inspection and testing procedures, includingrandom sample testing at different stages of our production process, to ensure that our products meet or exceed the expectations of our consumers. We also performroutine product inspections on every batch of our products and sample testing to ensure consistent quality of our products, including semifinished and finishedproducts.We have implemented a centralized system for procurement and inspection of raw materials and ancillary components to help ensure a stable and high qualitysupply. Those materials and components that fail to meet our tests may be returned to the suppliers for replacement. Our quality control team also carries out qualitycontrol procedures on the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We conduct onsite inspections of our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers before we enter into business relationships with them. We also send our inhouse quality control staff onsite to our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers to monitor the entire production process. The initial product inspections are performed onsite by our staff before these products are shipped to ourheadquarters for further inspection and storage in our warehouse. We also provide technical training to ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to assist them withquality control of the production processes and inspect preproduction samples and finished products from ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We have notencountered any material disruptions to our business as a result of the failure of any of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to meet our quality standards.In order to further improve the quality of our products and shorten our delivery cycle, we intend to increase our control over the manufacturing process andproduction cycle of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers, primarily by requiring our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to implement stricter and morecomprehensive quality control procedures, which cover each stage of the production process, from raw material selection and procurement to finished productspackaging and delivery. We also intend to apply more stringent standards for inspecting products manufactured for us by our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers.Marketing and AdvertisingWe have conducted multichannel marketing campaigns to advertise our products to our target customers through advertising in newspapers, magazines, theInternet, and billboards, and organizing regular and frequent instore marketing activities and road shows.We have implemented strict requirements on our distributors with respect to the display and promotion of our products to ensure consistent branding and enhancemarketing results. Our distributors are required to ensure that our marketing strategies are implemented at the retail outlets managed or authorized by them, includingdisplaying our products according to our specifications and using our billboard advertisements. We also assign sales representatives to monitor the instoredisplays of our products at various retail outlets on a regular basis to help ensure that our retailers have followed our product display policies.In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 our total advertising and promotional expenses amounted to approximately $1.21 million, $1.59 million and $1.55million, respectively, which accounted for approximately 6.6%, 7.5% and 3.8% of our revenues in the respective periods.35Table of ContentsCompetitionThe menswear industry in China is a fragmented industry. Competition mainly comes from local market players such as Exceed, Xiniya, Zuoan and Cabbeen. Webelieves that we differentiate ourselves by providing more fashionable, youngerlooking and leisure products, and competitive pricing without giving up the casualfeel of our products.We compete primarily on the basis of product design, brand recognition, operational efficiency and a low cost structure. Some of our domestic competitors have astronger customer base, greater resources and more industry expertise than us. However, we believe that we can continue to successfully compete with our localcompetitors due to our unique product designs.Intellectual PropertyWe currently have the licenses to use two registered trademarks in the PRC.The registered trademarks on which we have licenses are the following:TrademarkRegistration No.Valid TermKBS4342760Jan 1, 2019 August 28, 2028Ka bi sports5462336March 14, 2010 March 12,2020We believe that these trademarks provide significant value as they are important for marketing and building brand recognition. We are not aware of any third partycurrently using trademarks similar to our trademarks in the PRC on the same products.InsuranceWe do not have any business liability, interruption or litigation insurance coverage for our operations in China. Insurance companies in China offer limited businessinsurance products. While business interruption insurance is available to a limited extent in China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of suchinsurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance.Therefore, we are subject to business and product liability exposure. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—We have limited insurance coverage inChina and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses.”RegulationBecause our primary operating subsidiaries are located in China, we are subject to China’s national and local laws detailed below. We believe that we are in materialcompliance with all registrations and requirements for the issuance and maintenance of all licenses required by the governing bodies and that all license fees andfilings are current. This section summarizes the major PRC regulations relating to our business.Regulations Relating to Foreign InvestmentInvestment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are mainly governed by the Guidance Catalog of Industries for Foreign Investment (2017 revision), or theCatalog, which was promulgated jointly by MOFCOM and the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, on June 28, 2017 and entered into forceon July 28, 2017. The Catalog divides industries into four categories in terms of foreign investment, which are “encouraged,” “restricted,” and “prohibited,” and allindustries that are not listed under one of these categories are deemed to be “permitted.” Establishment of wholly foreignowned enterprises is generally allowed inencouraged and permitted industries. Some restricted industries are limited to equity or contractual joint ventures, while in some cases Chinese partners are requiredto hold the majority interests in such joint ventures. In addition, foreign investment in restricted category projects is subject to government approvals. Foreigninvestors are not allowed to invest in industries in the prohibited category. Industries not listed in the Catalogue are generally open to foreign investment unlessspecifically restricted by other PRC regulations.36Table of ContentsIn June 2018, MOFCOM and NDRC promulgated the Special Management Measures (Negative List) for the Access of Foreign Investment, or the Negative List,effective July 2018. The Negative List expands the scope of permitted industries by foreign investment by reducing the number of industries that fall within theNegative List where restrictions on the shareholding percentage or requirements on the composition of board or senior management still exists. Foreign investmentin valueadded telecommunications services (except for ecommerce) falls within the Negative List.In October 2016, MOFCOM issued the Interim Measures for Recordfiling Administration of the Establishment and Change of Foreigninvested Enterprises, or FIERecordfiling Interim Measures, most recently amended in July 2017. Pursuant to FIE Recordfiling Interim Measures, the establishment and change of foreigninvested enterprises are subject to recordfiling procedures, instead of prior approval requirements, provided that such establishment or change does not involvespecial entry administration measures. If the establishment or change of foreigninvested enterprises matters involve the special entry administration measures, theapproval of the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterparts is still required.Regulations Relating to Product QualityThe principal legal provisions governing product liability are set forth in the PRC Product Quality Law, which was promulgated in February 1993 by the SCNPC andamended in July 2000 and August 2009.The PRC Product Quality Law stipulates the responsibilities and obligations of product sellers and producers. Violations of the PRC Product Quality Law may resultin the imposition of fines. In addition, the seller or producer may be ordered to suspend its operations, and its business license may be revoked. There may also bePART IPART IIPART III20F 1 f20f2018_kbsfashiongroup.htm FORM 20FUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F(Mark One)☐REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ___________ to ___________OR¨SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report:Commission file number: 00135715KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)Not Applicable(Translation of Registrant’s Name Into English)Republic of the Marshall Islands(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)Xin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of China(Address of Principal Executive Offices)Mr. Keyan Yan, Chief Executive OfficerXin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of ChinaTel: + (86) 595 8889 6198Fax: (86) 595 8850 5328(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of Each ClassName of Each Exchange On Which RegisteredCommon Stock, $0.0001 par valueNASDAQ Capital MarketSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.Units, Common Stock Purchase Warrants(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.None(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report(December 31, 2018): 2,271,299Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐No ☒If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of“large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large Accelerated Filer ☐Accelerated Filer ☐NonAccelerated Filer ☒Emerging Growth Company☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting StandardsCodification after April 5, 2012.Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:U.S. GAAP ☐International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting StandardsBoard ☒Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ☐ Item17 ☐Item 18If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒Annual Report on Form 20FYear Ended December 31, 2018TABLE OF CONTENTSPageITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS2A.Directors and Senior Management2B.Advisors2C.Auditors2ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE2A.Offer Statistics2B.Method and Expected Timetable2ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATION2A.Selected Financial Data2B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY24A.History and Development of the Company24B.Business Overview26C.Organizational Structure42D.Property, Plants and Equipment43ITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS44ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS44A.Principal Factors Affecting Financial Performance45B.Liquidity and Capital Resources50C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.51D.Trend Information51E.Off Balance Sheet Arrangements51F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations52G.Safe Harbor62ITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES63A.Directors and Senior Management63B.Compensation64C.Board Practices65D.Employees66E.Share Ownership66ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS67A.Major Shareholders67B.Related Party Transactions67C.Interests of Experts and Counsel67iTable of ContentsITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATION67A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information67B.Significant Changes68ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTING68A.Offer and Listing Details68B.Plan of Distribution68C.Markets68D.Selling Shareholders68E.Dilution68F.Expenses of the Issue68ITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATION69A.Share Capital69B.Memorandum and Articles of Association69C.Material Contracts71D.Exchange Controls71E.Taxation74F.Dividends and Paying Agents79G.Statement by Experts79H.Documents on Display79I.Subsidiary Information79ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK79ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES80A.Debt Securities80B.Warrants and Rights80C.Other Securities80D.American Depositary Shares80ITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES81ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS81ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES81A.Disclosure Controls and Procedures81B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting81C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm81D.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting82ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT82ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICS82ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES82ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES82ITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS83ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT83ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCE83ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE83ITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 19.EXHIBITS84iiTable of ContentsINTRODUCTORY NOTESUse of Certain Defined TermsExcept as otherwise indicated by the context and for the purposes of this report only, references in this report to:●“KBS,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” are to KBS Fashion Group Ltd., a company organized in the Republic of the Marshall Islands;●““KBS International,” refers to KBS International Holding Inc., a Nevada corporation, which was dissolved in August 2014;●“Hongri PRC,” refers to Hongri (Fujian) Sports Goods Co., Ltd., which is our wholly owned subsidiary organized in the PRC;●“Hongri International” are to Hongri International Holdings Limited, which is our wholly owned subsidiary and a company organized in the BVI;●“BVI” are to the British Virgin Islands;●“Hong Kong” are to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China;●“PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China;●“SEC” are to the Securities and Exchange Commission;●“Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;●“Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;●“Renminbi” and “RMB” are to the legal currency of China; and●“U.S. dollars,” “dollars” and “$” are to the legal currency of the United States.ForwardLooking InformationIn addition to historical information, this report contains forwardlooking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of theExchange Act. We use words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “target,” “plan,” “optimistic,” “intend,” “aim,” “will” or similar expressions whichare intended to identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, among others, those concerning market and industry segment growth and demandand acceptance of new and existing products; any projections of sales, earnings, revenue, margins or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategiesand objectives of management for future operations; and any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, as well as all assumptions,expectations, predictions, intentions or beliefs about future events. You are cautioned that any such forwardlooking statements are not guarantees of futureperformance and involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions, which, if they were to ever materialize or prove incorrect, could cause the results of theCompany to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forwardlooking statements. Potential risks and uncertainties include, among other things, thepossibility that we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues and profits due to our failure to anticipate consumer preferences and develop newmenswear products, our failure to execute our business expansion plan, changes in domestic and foreign laws, regulations and taxes, changes in economicconditions, uncertainties related to China’s legal system and economic, political and social events in China, a general economic downturn, a downturn in thesecurities markets, and other risks and uncertainties which are generally set forth under Item 3 “Key information—D. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and our other filings with the SEC. These reports attempt toadvise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects. The forwardlookingstatements made in this report speak only as of the date hereof and we disclaim any obligation, except as required by law, to provide updates, revisions oramendments to any forwardlooking statements to reflect changes in our expectations or future events.On February 3, 2017, approved by the shareholders, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen (1for15) reverse stock split of the Company’s issued andoutstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided that shareholders are entitled to receive the number ofshares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Stock Market on a splitadjusted basis when themarket opened on February 9, 2017. All references in this report to share and per share data have been adjusted, including historical data which have beenretroactively adjusted, to give effect to the reverse stock split unless specified otherwise.1Table of ContentsPART IITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERSA.Directors and Senior ManagementNot applicable.B.AdvisorsNot applicable.C.AuditorsNot applicable.ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLEA.Offer StatisticsNot applicable.B.Method and Expected TimetableNot applicable.ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATIONA.Selected Financial DataThe following table presents selected financial data regarding our business. It should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and relatednotes contained elsewhere in this annual report and the information under Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” The selected consolidatedstatements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, and the selected consolidated statements of financialposition data as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are included in this annual reportbeginning on page F1. The selected consolidated statements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the selectedconsolidated statements of financial position data as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements thatare not included in this annual report.Our consolidated financial statements were prepared and presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by theInternational Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The selected financial data information is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the historicalconsolidated financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere herein. The financial statements contained elsewhere fully represent our financial conditionand operations; however, they are not indicative of our future performance.2Table of ContentsYears ended December 31,20182017201620152014Statement of Income DataTotal revenue$18,535,116$23,762,536$41,200,205$61,343,681$58,832,481Total cost of sales(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)(46,511,274)(39,416,973)Gross profit(2,316,136)(11,511,816)2,158,27214,832,40719,415,508Distribution and selling expenses(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)(6,621,256)(7,191,606)Administrative expenses(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)2,798,082(4,649,229)Profit for the year(17,968,597)(14,815,596)(11,902,688)1,243,6706,876,982Total comprehensive income for the year(20,040,295)(10,004,880)(18,028,121)(4,801,102)6,526,172Outstanding shares2,299,9151,860,8311,750,1421,694,4891,694,489Earnings per share, basic diluted8.067.966.800.734.06Balance Sheet DataCash and cash equivalents$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,341$21,214,080$20,604,583Noncurrent assets29,837,87540,966,31934,754,94247,221,52952,929,386Current assets31,328,13140,343,38656,343,82362,098,95162,093,570Working capital24,463,44633,060,87748,647,18553,598,85452,704,076Total assets61,166,00681,309,70591,098,765109,310,480115,022,956Current liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,500,0979,389,493Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,503,5069,404,880Equity54,301,32174,027,19683,402,127100,816,974105,618,076B.Capitalization and IndebtednessNot applicable.C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of ProceedsNot applicable.D.Risk FactorsAn investment in our capital stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the otherinformation included in this annual report, before making an investment decision. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial conditionor results of operations could suffer. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.3Table of ContentsRISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSGeneral economic conditions, including a prolonged weakness in the economy, may affect consumer discretionary spending, which could adversely affect ourbusiness and financial performance.The apparel industry has historically been subject to substantial cyclical variations. Our business and financial performance are dependent on a number of factorsimpacting consumer discretionary spending, including general economic and business conditions; consumer confidence; wages and employment levels; thehousing market; consumer debt levels; availability of consumer credit; credit and interest rates; fuel and energy costs; energy shortages; taxes; general politicalconditions, both domestic and abroad. Consumer product purchases, including purchases of our products, may decline during recessionary periods. Our ability toaccess the capital markets may be restricted at a time when we would like, or need, to raise capital, which could impair on our ability to open additional stores orbuild additional manufacturing lines. In addition, as domestic and international economic conditions change, trends in consumer spending on discretionary items,including our merchandise, become unpredictable and subject to reductions due to economic uncertainties. A prolonged economic recovery or an uncertain outlookin the economy could result in additional declines in consumer discretionary spending, which could materially affect our financial performance.A contraction in apparel sales and production could impair our results of operations and liquidity and jeopardize our supply base.Apparel sales and production are cyclical and depend, among other things, on general economic conditions and consumer spending and preferences. As thevolume of apparel production fluctuates, the demand for our products also fluctuates. A contraction in apparel sales could harm our results of operations andliquidity. In addition, our suppliers would also be subject to many of the same consequences which could pressure their results of operations and liquidity.Depending on an individual supplier’s financial condition and access to capital, its viability could be challenged which could impact its ability to perform as weexpect and consequently our ability to meet our own commitments.If we are unable to anticipate consumer preferences and develop new menswear products, we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues andprofits.Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define apparel trends as well as to anticipate, gauge and react to changing consumer demands formenswear in a timely manner. Our target market of consumers comprises urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 with moderatetohigh levels of disposableincome. Our business is particularly sensitive to their fashion preferences, which cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumeracceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, and our future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes. If we failto anticipate accurately and respond to trends and shifts in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing product offerings, developing new products,designs, styles and categories, we could experience lower sales, excess inventories and lower profit margins. In a distressed economic and retail environment, manyof our competitors may engage in aggressive activities, such as markdowns or other promotional sales to dispose of excess, slowmoving inventory, furtherincreasing the need to react appropriately to changing consumer preferences and fashion trends. Failure to do so could adversely affect the level of acceptance ofour products, our brand image and our relationship with our distributors, and therefore have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results ofoperations.The apparel industry is highly competitive, and if we fail to compete effectively, we could lose our market position.The menswear industry is highly competitive in China and worldwide. We compete with various domestic brands with similar business models and target markets.We also compete with a growing number of international brands trying to expand their market share in China to take advantage of rising consumer spending oncasual menswear. Our primary international and domestic competitors include Exceed, Xiniya, Cabbeen, GXG and NQ. Some of our competitors are significantlylarger and have greater financial resources than we do. In order to compete effectively, we must: (1) maintain the image of our brands and our reputation forinnovation and high quality; (2) be flexible and innovative in responding to rapidly changing market demands on the basis of brand image, style, performance andquality; and (3) offer consumers a wide variety of high quality products at competitive prices.4Table of ContentsThe purchasing decisions of consumers are highly subjective and can be influenced by many factors, such as brand image, marketing programs and productfeatures. Some of our competitors enjoy competitive advantages, including greater brand recognition and greater financial resources for competitive activities, suchas sales, marketing and strategic acquisitions. The number of our direct competitors and the intensity of competition may increase as we expand into other productlines or as other companies expand into our product lines. Our competitors may enter into business combinations or alliances that strengthen their competitivepositions or prevent us from taking advantage of such combinations or alliances. Our competitors also may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than wecan to new or changing opportunities, standards or consumer preferences. Our results of operations and market position may be adversely impacted by ourcompetitors and the competitive pressures in the menswear industries.Failure to effectively promote or develop our brand could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.We sell all our products under the KBS brand, from which we derive most of our revenues. Brand image is an important factor that affects a customer’s purchasingdecision for menswear products. Our success therefore depends on, among other things, market recognition and acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture,lifestyle, and images associated with the brand, some of which may not be within our control. We have limited control over our distributors that we rely upon to sellour products, which may limit our ability to ensure a consistent brand image. See “Risks Factors Related to Our Business –We have limited control over the ultimateretail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhere to, or fail to cause the third party retail outletoperators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.” We began designing, promoting, and selling KBS branded products in China in 2006. To effectivelypromote KBS brand, we need build and maintain the brand image by focusing on a variety of promotional and marketing activities to promote brand awareness, aswell as to increase its presence in the markets in which we compete. There is no assurance that we will be able to effectively promote or develop KBS brand, and ifwe fail to do so, the goodwill of KBS brand may be undermined and our business as well as our financial results may be adversely affected. In addition, negativepublicity or disputes regarding KBS brand, products, company, or management could materially and adversely affect public perception of KBS brand. Any impact onour ability to continue to sell KBS brand or any significant damage to KBS brand’s image could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends on the continued service of our senior executives and other key employees. In particular, we rely on the expertise, experience,and business contacts, of Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ms. Lixia Tu, our Director and Chief Financial Officer and Mr. ThemisKalapotharakos, our director. If one or more of our senior executives are unable or unwilling to continue to work for us in their present positions, we may have tospend a considerable amount of time and resources searching, recruiting, and integrating the replacements into our operations, which would substantially divertmanagement’s attention from and severely disrupt the Company business. This may also adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategy. Moreover, ifany of our senior executives joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, suppliers and key employees.Failure to execute our business expansion plan could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.A large part of our initial growth resulted from an increase in the number of our retail sales outlets, including corporate and franchised stores, and the increased salesvolume and profitability provided by these sales outlets. The number of our sales outlets increased from 8 in 2006 to 33 in year 2018.5Table of ContentsWe have our factory located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China, consisting of an aggregate of 110,457 square meters of land. Currently the facility there has aproduction capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year and can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces original equipmentmanufacturer (OEM) products for online stores, regional apparel brands and overseas orders. The construction commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases:Phase 1 consists of the construction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We havecompleted the construction of facilities of Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Phase 3 construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has beendelayed because the local government needs additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Because the time forthe government to resolve this matter is uncertain, we wrote off the land use right of the third parcel of land from account balance, according to the internationalframework reporting standard. Phase 4 includes building production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quartersand living facilities on the third parcel of land. As a result, our commitments to this facility may reduce our liquidity for an indefinite period and until it is completed.We could also indefinitely lose opportunities to expand our sales due to any further delay of our construction.The decision to increase our production capacity was based in part on our projections of market demand for our products and OEM orders from other brand nameowners. If actual customer demand does not meet our projections, we will likely suffer overcapacity problems and may have to leave capacity idle or need to contractout our facilities at an unfavorable price, which may reduce our overall profitability and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our futuresuccess depends on our ability to expand the Company’s business to address growth in demand for our current and future products.Our ability to expand the Company’s business is subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including:●the unavailability of additional funding to invest more in brand recognition such as advertisement, expand our production capacity, purchase additionalfixed assets and purchase raw materials on favorable terms or at all;●our inability to manage an online shop, hire qualified personnel and establish distribution methods;●conditions in the commercial real estate market existing at the time we seek to expand;●delays and cost overruns as a result of a number of factors, many of which may be beyond our control, such as problems with equipment vendors andcontract manufacturers;●failure to maintain high quality control standards;●shortage of raw materials;●our inability to obtain, or delays in obtaining, required approvals by relevant government authorities;●diversion of significant management attention and other resources; and●failure to execute our expansion plan effectively.The expansion of our business may place significant strain on our personnel, management, financial systems and operational infrastructure and may impede ourability to meet any increased demand for our products. To accommodate the Company’s growth, we will need to implement a variety of new and upgradedoperational and financial systems, procedures, and controls, including improvements to our accounting and other internal management systems, by dedicatingadditional resources to our reporting and accounting function and improvements to our record keeping and contract tracking system. We will also need to recruitmore personnel and train and manage our growing employee base. Furthermore, we will need to maintain and expand relationships with our current and futurecustomers, suppliers, distributors and other third parties, and there is no guarantee that we will succeed.In the future, we also intend to invest more resources to research and purchase online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that we will have betteropportunities to expand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores. In addition, we will keep on exploring other areas and business models, such as theuse of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends.If we encounter any of the risks described above or if we are otherwise unable to establish or successfully operate online shops or additional production capacity,we may be unable to grow our business and revenues, reduce our operating costs, maintain our competitiveness or improve our profitability and, consequently, ourbusiness, financial condition, results of operations and prospects will be adversely affected.6Table of ContentsIf we are unable to fund capital expenditures or obtain additional sources of liquidity when we need it, our business may be adversely affected. In addition, ifwe obtain equity financing, the issuance of our equity securities could cause dilution for our stockholders. To the extent we obtain the financing through theissuance of debt securities, our debt service obligations could increase, and we may become subject to restrictive operating and financial covenants.We anticipate that we will make substantial capital investments to expand our business within the next 3 years. There is no assurance that we will have sufficientcash to fund our anticipated capital expenditures. If we need but are unable to obtain adequate financing with on terms favorable to us, we may be unable tosuccessfully maintain our operations and accomplish our growth strategy. In addition, we may be unable to generate sufficient cash internally or obtain alternativesources of capital to fund our proposed capital expenditures, take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures. As a result, we mayseek to sell additional equity securities, debt securities, or borrow from lending institutions. Any issuance of equity securities could cause dilution for ourstockholders. Any incurrence of indebtedness could increase our debt service obligations and cause us to be subject to restrictive operating and financecovenants. Our ability to obtain external financing in the future is also subject to a number of uncertainties, including:●Our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;●general market conditions for financing activities by companies in our industry;●economic, political and other conditions in China and elsewhere; and●uncertain economic prospect and tightened credit markets resulting from the recent global economic slowdown and financial market crisis.If we are unable to obtain funding in a timely manner or on commercially acceptable terms, or at all, our growth prospects and future profitability may be materiallyadversely affected. Adverse changes in the capital markets could make it difficult to obtain capital or obtain it at attractive rates.Our past results may not be indicative of our future performance and evaluating our business and prospects may be difficult.Our business has gone through various stages of the business life cycle in recent years as demonstrated by our growth in net sales, which reached $99.6 million forthe year ended December 31, 2013, while in 2014 our net sales decreased by 40% to $58.8 million and in year 2015 net sales went up slightly by 4.3% to $61.3 million,our net sales decreased by 32.8% to $41.2 million in 2016, net sales decreased 42% to $23.8 million in 2017 and net sales further decreased 22% to $18.53 million in2018. The decrease in sales in 2016, 2017 and 2018 as compared with 2013 was mainly due to the slowdown of the Chinese economic growth and a challenging retailenvironment. As a result, we cannot assure that we will be able to achieve similar growth in future periods as recent years before 2014, and our historical operatingresults may not provide a meaningful basis for evaluating our business, financial performance and prospects. Moreover, our ability to achieve satisfactoryproduction results at higher volumes is unproven. Therefore, you should not rely on our past results or our historical rate of growth as an indication of our futureperformance.We experience fluctuations in operating results.Our annual and quarterly operating results have fluctuated, and are expected to continue to fluctuate. Among the factors that may cause our operating results tofluctuate are customers’ response to merchandise offerings, the timing of the rollout of new sales outlets, seasonal variations in sales, the timing of merchandisereceipts, the level of merchandise returns, changes in merchandise mix and presentation, our cost of merchandise, unanticipated operating costs, and other factorsbeyond our control, such as general economic conditions and actions of competitors.We have historically experienced seasonal fluctuations in our sales. A substantial portion of our revenues are typically earned during the second and fourthquarters and we generally experience lowest revenues during the first and third quarters. If sales during the second and fourth quarters are lower than expected, ouroperating results would be adversely affected, and it would have a disproportionately large impact on our annual operating results. The sales of our products arealso affected by local spending behavior, which are typically affected by seasonal shopping patterns during major Chinese holidays.7Table of ContentsAs a result of these factors, we believe that periodtoperiod comparisons of historical and future results will not necessarily be meaningful and should not be reliedon as an indication of future performance.Our failure to collect the trade receivables or untimely collection could affect our liquidity.Our distributors place advance purchase orders twice a year. From 2015 to 2018, we typically expect and receive payment within 30180 days of product delivery. Inaddition, approximately 83.2% of accounts receivables are within a 180 days credit term. Starting in September 2015, we extended credit to some of our customers to150180 days without requiring collaterals. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of the financial condition of our customers and we generally require no collateralfrom our distributors and authorized retailers to secure their payment obligations. However, our sales going forward may rely more heavily on credit, and if weencounter future problems collecting amounts due from our clients or if we experience delays in the collection of amounts due from our clients, our liquidity could benegatively affected.The Chinese economy experienced a softening of economic growth, and the apparel industry is also facing a downturn. The impact of the current and possiblefuture economic downturn on our distributors cannot be predicted and may be severe, causing a significant impact on their business. As a result, our financialcondition and result of operations could be negatively affected. In addition, if they cannot continue their orders of our products due to the failure of paying us forits previous purchases, our brand image and reputation may be materially negatively affected as well.We rely on distributors for a substantial portion of our sales and the loss of any of our large distributors would harm our business. A substantial portion of our sales are made to distributors that resell our products. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, distributors accounted forapproximately 67% and 73% of our total sales, respectively, and our top five distributors accounted for approximately 23.8% and 34.8% of our total sales,respectively. The marketing efforts of our distributors are critical for our success. If we fail to attract additional distributors, and our existing distributors do notpromote our products at the same or at a greater level than the products of our competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could beadversely affected.Furthermore, there is no assurance that any of our distributors will satisfy the sales targets set forth in their distribution agreements and we or they may not wish torenew the distribution agreements in future years. Moreover, our distributors are not obliged to continue to place orders with the Company at the same level asbefore or at all and there is no assurance that we would be able to obtain orders from other distributors to replace any such lost sales on terms satisfactory to us orall. If any of our largest distributors substantially reduces its purchases from us, or otherwise fails to renew its distribution agreement with us, we may suffer asignificant loss of sales and our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We have limited control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhereto, or fail to cause the third party retail outlet operators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.We rely on the contractual obligations set forth in the distribution agreements that we enter into with our distributors, as well as policies and standards we formulatefrom time to time, to impose our retail policies on these distributors in respect of the franchisee retail outlets. In addition, as we do not enter into any agreementswith the third party retail outlet operators, we rely on our distributors to ensure that these franchisee retail outlets operate in accordance with our retail policies. Assuch, our control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and the franchisee retail outlet operators is limited. There is no assurance that our distributors orthe third party franchisee retail outlet operators will comply with, or that the distributors will enforce, our retail policies. As a result, we may not be able to effectivelymanage our sales network or maintain a uniform brand image, and cannot assure you that franchisee retail outlets would continue to offer quality services toconsumers.8Table of ContentsIn addition, if any of the distributors or third party franchisee retail outlet operators experiences difficulties in selling our products in the retail market, they mayattempt to disregard our pricing policies and liquidate their excessive inventory buildup through aggressive discounts, which may damage the image and the valueof our brand. There is no assurance that we will be able to, in a timely manner, impose penalties on or replace any distributors who consistently fail to comply with,or fail to cause the third party franchisee retail outlet operators appointed by them to comply with, our retail policies in their operation of franchisee retail outlets. Insuch event, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We may not be able to accurately track the inventory levels at our distributors, retailers or department store concessions.Our ability to track the sales by our distributors to thirdparty retailers and the ultimate retail sales by the retailers, and consequently their respective inventorylevels, is limited. We implement a policy to require our distributors to provide us with their sales reports on a weekly basis and we carry out random onsiteinspections of our distributors to track their inventories. The purpose of tracking the inventory level is mainly to gather information regarding the market acceptanceof our products so that we can reflect consumers’ preferences in the design and development of our products for the next season. The tracking of inventory levelalso helps us to understand the market recognition of our products in a particular region, and thus allows us to adjust our marketing strategy if necessary. Theimplementation of the policy, however, requires the distributors to accurately report the relevant data to us in a timely manner, which is largely dependent on thecooperation of the Company’s distributors. We may not always obtain the required data in time and the data provided to us by our distributors may be inaccurate orincomplete.Inaccurate, mistaken, incomplete or delayed data regarding inventory levels may mislead the Company to make wrong business judgments for its production,marketing efforts and sales strategies. If that happens, our operations and financial results may be materially adversely affected. In addition, if we cannot manageinventory levels properly, future orders of our products may be reduced, which would materially adversely affect our future business, financial condition, results ofoperation and prospects.Our operations could be materially adversely affected if we fail to effectively manage our relationships with, or lose the services of, our OEM contractmanufacturers.The production of our brand name products are 100% outsourced to PRCbased thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2018 and2017 we had 5 and 6 contract manufacturers, respectively. Purchases from our top five OEM contract manufacturers accounted for approximately 92% and 88.6% ofour total purchases for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As we do not enter into longterm contracts with our OEM contractmanufacturers, they may decide not to accept our future OEM orders on the same or similar terms, or at all. If an OEM contract manufacturer decides to substantiallyreduce its volume of supply to us or to terminate its business relationship with us, we may not be able to find a proper replacement in a timely manner and may beforced to default on the agreements with our distributors that sell our products. This may negatively impact our revenues and adversely affect our reputation andrelationships with our distributors that sell our products, causing a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.Further, if any of our OEM contract manufacturers fails to provide the required number of products meeting our quality standards, we may have to delay delivery ofproducts to our distributors, become unable to supply products at all, or even recall products previously dispatched. This could cause the Company to loserevenues or market share and damage our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operationsand prospects. In addition, some OEM contract manufacturers may not fully comply with certain laws, such as labor and environmental laws. If any of our OEMcontract manufacturers is found to have violated laws and regulations in the PRC, media reports on such violations may negatively affect our reputation and image,resulting in material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.9Table of ContentsWhile we provide the designs of our products to the OEM contract manufacturers, as well as guidance for manufacturing the products ordered by us, we do nothave direct control over the OEM contract manufacturers. If any of them is involved in unauthorized production and sale of goods using the KBS brand, ourreputation, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.As the Company grows, our reliance on OEM contract manufacturers may also grow as our added production capacity may not be sufficient to keep pace with theincreased production requirements driven by our growth. We may not be able to find sufficient additional OEM contract manufacturers to produce our products onthe same or similar terms as our existing OEM contract manufacturers, and we may not be able to achieve our growth and development goals.Any interruption in our operations could impair our financial performance and negatively affect our brand. Our operations are complicated and integrated, involving the coordination of thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers and external distribution processes. Whilethese operations are modified on a regular basis in an effort to improve outsourcing and distribution efficiency and flexibility, we may experience difficulties incoordinating the various aspects of our operations processes, thereby causing downtime and delays. In addition, we may encounter interruption in our operationsprocesses due to a catastrophic loss or events beyond our control, such as fires, explosions, labor disturbances or violent weather conditions. Any interruptions inour operations or capabilities at our facilities could result in our inability to procure our products, which would reduce our net sales and earnings for the affectedperiod. If there are delays in delivery times to our customers, our business and reputation could be severely affected. Any significant delays in deliveries to ourcustomers could lead to increased returns or cancellations and cause the Company to lose future sales. The Company currently does not have business interruptioninsurance to offset these potential losses, delays and risks so a material interruption of our business operations could severely damage our business.We rely heavily on our management information system for inventory management, distribution and other functions. If our system fail to perform thesefunctions adequately or if we experience an interruption in our operation, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. The efficient operation of our business is dependent on our management information systems. We rely heavily on our management information systems to manageour order entry, order fulfillment, pricing, pointofsale and inventory replenishment processes. We cannot assure you that our management information system will operate properly or without interruption. Any malfunction to any part or all of our managementinformation system for a prolonged period may cause delays in operations or impairment of our overall business efficiency. We also cannot ensure that the level ofsecurity currently maintained will be sufficient to protect the system from third party intrusions, viruses, lost or stolen data, or similar situations. Additionally, aspart of our growth and development strategy over the next few years, we plan to upgrade and improve our management information system. We cannot assure youthat there will be no interruptions to our management information system during the upgrades or that the new management information system will be able tointegrate fully with the existing information system. The failure of our management information system to perform as we anticipate could disrupt our business and could result in decreased revenue, increased overheadcosts and excess or outofstock inventory levels, causing our business and results of operations to suffer materially. Failure to protect the integrity, security and use of our customers’ information and media could expose us to litigation and materially damage our standingwith our customers. Increasing costs associated with information security — such as increased investment in technology, the costs of compliance with consumer protection laws andcosts resulting from consumer fraud — could cause our business and results of operations to suffer materially. While we have taken significant steps to protectcustomer and confidential information, including entering into confidentiality agreements with relevant employees and incorporate confidentiality clauses in ourpolicies, there can be no assurance that advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments will prevent thecompromise of our customer transaction processing capabilities and personal data. If any such compromise of our security were to occur, it could have a materialadverse effect on our reputation, operating results and financial condition. Any such compromise may materially increase the costs we incur to protect against suchinformation security breaches and could subject us to additional legal risk. Procurement specialists and managers are required to sign a confidentiality agreement. 10Table of ContentsWe have limited insurance coverage in China and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses. Operation of our facilities involves many risks, including equipment failures, natural disasters, industrial accidents, power outages, labor disturbances and otherbusiness interruptions. We do not carry any business interruption insurance, product recall or thirdparty liability insurance for our production facilities or withrespect to our products to cover claims pertaining to personal injury or property or environmental damage arising from defects in our products, product recalls,accidents on our property or damage relating to our operations. While business interruption insurance and other types of insurance are available to a limited extentin China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of such insurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commerciallyreasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Therefore, our existing insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all risks associatedwith our business. As a result, we may be required to pay for financial and other losses, damages and liabilities, including those caused by natural disasters andother events beyond our control, out of our own funds, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our inability to protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights may prevent us from successfully marketing our products and competingeffectively. We believe our trademarks and other intellectual property rights are important to our success and competitive position and recognize the importance of registeringthe trademarks related to our KBS brand for protection against infringement. We currently hold two registered trademarks. Failure to protect our intellectual propertycould harm our brand and our reputation, and adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. Further, enforcing or defending our intellectual property rights,including our trademarks, patents, copyrights and trade secrets, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. We produce, marketand sell our products under registered trademarks. We regard our intellectual property, particularly our trademarks and trade secrets to be of considerable value andimportance to our business and our success. We rely on a combination of trademark, patent, and trade secrecy laws, and contractual provisions to protect ourintellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect these proprietary rights will be adequate or that third parties will notinfringe or misappropriate our trademarks, trade secrets or similar proprietary rights. In addition, there can be no assurance that other parties will not assertinfringement claims against us, and we may have to pursue litigation against other parties to assert our rights. Any such claim or litigation could be costly, and wemay lack the resources required to defend against such claims. In addition, any event that would jeopardize our proprietary rights or any claims of infringement bythird parties could have a material adverse effect on our ability to market or sell our brands, and profitably exploit our products.Environmental regulations impose substantial costs and limitations on our operations. We use chemicals and produce significant emissions in our manufacturing operations. As such, we are subject to various national and local environmental laws andregulations in China concerning issues such as air emissions, wastewater discharges, and solid waste management and disposal. These laws and regulations canrestrict or limit our operations and expose us to liability and penalties for noncompliance. While we believe that our facilities are in material compliance with allapplicable environmental laws and regulations, the risks of substantial unanticipated costs and liabilities related to compliance with these laws and regulations arean inherent part of our business. It is possible that future conditions may develop, arise or be discovered that create new environmental compliance or remediationliabilities and costs. While we believe that we can comply with existing environmental legislation and regulatory requirements and that the costs of compliance havebeen included within budgeted cost estimates, compliance may prove to be more limiting and costly than anticipated.We may be unable to establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, and, as a result, we may be unable to accuratelyreport our financial results or prevent fraud.We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities law. The SEC as required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (“SOX 404”), adoptedrules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal control over financial reporting in its annual report, which mustalso contain management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, the independent registered publicaccounting firm auditing the financial statements of a company that is not a nonaccelerated filer under Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act must also attest to theoperating effectiveness of the company’s internal controls.11Table of ContentsFailure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could result in our inability to accurately report our financial results, prevent or detect fraudor provide timely and reliable financial and other information pursuant to the reporting obligations we have as a public company, which could have a materialadverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, it could cause our investors to lose confidence in the information we report,which could adversely affect our stock price.RISKS RELATED TO DOING BUSINESS IN CHINAOur business operation may be affected if we are forced to relocate our manufacturing facilities and stores.We leased the premises for our office located in Shishi and one corporate store. However, none of our lease agreements have been registered with the relevantgovernmental agencies. According to our PRC legal counsel, without registration, our rights to use and occupy the premises may not be secured if any third partiessuch as other tenants who have registered their lease agreements challenge us under PRC law. Moreover, while we have taken various measures to verify theownership of property such as checking utility bills and search government records, most of our landlords have declined to confirm whether they possess theproperty ownership certificates and land use rights certificates for our properties. As a result, we have been unable to verify whether third parties may assert theirownership rights under PRC law against most of our landlords or challenge most of our leases in the future. If our rights to use the premises are challenged, we maybe forced to relocate to other premises. We may not be able to relocate to a suitable premise promptly or lease alternative premises on terms at least as favorable asour existing ones. In addition, relocation costs and interruption of production may have a material adverse effect on our business operation and financialperformance.Changes in the economic and political policies of the PRC government could have a material and adverse effect on our business and operations.We conduct substantially all our business operations in China. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are significantly dependenton economic and political developments in China. China’s economy differs from the economies of developed countries in many aspects, including the level ofdevelopment, growth rate and degree of government control over foreign exchange and allocation of resources. While China’s economy has experienced significantgrowth in the past 30 years, the growth has been uneven across different regions and periods and among various economic sectors in China. We cannot assure youthat China’s economy will continue to grow, or that if there is growth, such growth will be steady and uniform, or that if there is a slowdown, such slowdown will nothave a negative effect on its business and results of operations.The PRC government exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, control over payment of foreign currencydenominated obligations, implementation of monetary policy, and preferential treatment of particular industries or companies. Certain measures adopted by the PRCgovernment may restrict loans to certain industries, such as changes in the statutory deposit reserve ratio and lending guidelines for commercial banks by thePeople’s Bank of China, or PBOC. These current and future government actions could materially affect our liquidity, access to capital, and ability to operate ourbusiness.The global financial markets experienced significant disruptions in 2008 and the United States, Europe and other economies went into recession. Since 2012, growthof the Chinese economy has slowed. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources.Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy but may also have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operation could bematerially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, any stimulusmeasures designed to boost the Chinese economy, may contribute to higher inflation, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.See “Risks Related to Doing Business in China Future inflation in China may inhibit our ability to conduct business in China.”12Table of ContentsUncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the legal protections available to you and us.We conduct substantially all of our business through our operating subsidiaries in the PRC. Our operating subsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulationsapplicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws applicable to foreigninvested enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes, andprior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, a series of new PRC laws and regulations have significantlyenhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, since the PRC legal system continues to evolve rapidly, theinterpretations of many laws, regulations, and rules are not always uniform, and enforcement of these laws, regulations, and rules involve uncertainties, which maylimit legal protections available to you and us. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources andmanagement attention. In addition, most of our executive officers and directors are residents of China and not of the United States, and substantially all the assets ofthese persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it could be difficult for investors to affect service of process in the United States or to enforce ajudgment obtained in the United States against our Chinese operations and subsidiaries.You may have difficulty enforcing judgments against us.Most of our assets are located outside of the United States and most of our current operations are conducted in the PRC. In addition, most of our directors andofficers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons is located outside the UnitedStates. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce inU.S. courts judgments on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, most of whom are not residents inthe United States and the substantial majority of whose assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts ofthe PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts. Our counsel as to PRC law has advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgmentsare provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. Courts in China may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRCCivil Procedures Law based on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have anytreaties or other arrangements that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments with the United States. In addition, according to thePRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violatesbasic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security, or the public interest. So, it is uncertain whether a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by acourt in the United States.The PRC government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities.The PRC government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and stateownership. Our ability to operate in China may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, import and export tariffs,environmental regulations, land use rights, property, and other matters. We believe that our operations in China are in material compliance with all applicable legaland regulatory requirements. However, the central or local governments of the jurisdictions in which we operate may impose new, stricter regulations orinterpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations orinterpretations.Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision not to continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more centrally plannedeconomy or regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant effect on economic conditions in China or particularregions thereof and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then hold in Chinese properties or joint venturesRestrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our sales effectively. The majority of our sales will be settled in RMB and U.S. dollars, and any future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit our ability to use revenue generated inRMB to fund any future business activities outside China or to make dividend or other payments in U.S. dollars. Although the Chinese government introducedregulations in 1996 to allow greater convertibility of the RMB for current account transactions, significant restrictions still remain, including primarily the restrictionthat foreigninvested enterprises may only buy, sell or remit foreign currencies after providing valid commercial documents, at those banks in China authorized toconduct foreign exchange business. In addition, conversion of RMB for capital account items, including direct investment and loans, is subject to governmentalapproval in China, and companies are required to open and maintain separate foreign exchange accounts for capital account items. We cannot be certain that theChinese regulatory authorities will not impose more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of the RMB in the future.13Table of ContentsFluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.The value of our securities will be indirectly affected by the foreign exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and RMB and between those currencies and othercurrencies in which our sales may be denominated. Appreciation or depreciation in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial resultsreported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations. Fluctuations in the exchange rate will alsoaffect the relative value of any dividend we issue that will be exchanged into U.S. dollars, as well as earnings from, and the value of, any U.S. dollardenominatedinvestments we make in the future.Since July 2005, the RMB has no longer been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Since then the RMB has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly andunpredictably, and in recent years the RMB has depreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progresstowards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate systemand there is no guarantee that the RMB will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how marketforces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future.Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedgingtransactions. While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited, and we may not beable to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition, our foreign currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrictour ability to convert RMB into foreign currencies. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends and other distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you, and otherwise fund and conduct our business. Substantially all of our sales are earned by our PRC subsidiaries. However, PRC regulations restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make dividends and otherpayments to their offshore parent companies. PRC legal restrictions permit payments of dividends by our PRC subsidiaries only out of their accumulated aftertaxprofits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are also required under PRC laws and regulations toallocate at least 10% of their annual aftertax profits determined in accordance with PRC GAAP to a statutory general reserve fund until the amounts in said fundreaches 50% of their registered capital. Allocations to these statutory reserve funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not transferable to us in the formof loans, advances, or cash dividends. Any limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to transfer funds to us could materially and adversely limit our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends and otherwise fund and conduct our business.PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary toliability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital ordistribute profits.SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing andRoundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as “SAFECircular 75” promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of the SAFE in connection with theirdirect establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets orequity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a “special purpose vehicle.” SAFE Circular 37 furtherrequires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capitalcontributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in aspecial purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profitdistributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent crossborder foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted inits ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described abovecould result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for theForeign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015 by SAFE, local banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration foroverseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under SAFE Circular 37 from June 1, 2015.14Table of ContentsAccording to SAFE Circular 37, our shareholders or beneficial owners, who are PRC residents, are subject to SAFE Circular 37 or other foreign exchangeadministrative regulations in respect of their investment in our company. We have notified substantial beneficial owners of ordinary shares who we know are PRCresidents of their filing obligations. Nevertheless, we may not be aware of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. We do not havecontrol over our beneficial owners and there can be no assurance that all of our PRCresident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE Circular 37 and subsequentimplementation rules, and there is no assurance that the registration under SAFE Circular 37 and any amendment will be completed in a timely manner, or will becompleted at all. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their foreign exchange registrations in a timely manner pursuant toSAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with theregistration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to fines andlegal sanctions. Such failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiary and limitour PRC subsidiary’s ability to distribute dividends to our company. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and resultsof operations.Furthermore, SAFE Circular 37 is unclear how this regulation, and any future regulation concerning offshore or crossborder transactions, will be interpreted,amended and implemented by the relevant PRC government authorities, and we cannot predict how these regulations will affect our business operations or futurestrategy. Failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRCsubsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to us. These risks could in the future have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results ofoperations.We may be unable to complete a business combination transaction efficiently or on favorable terms due to complicated merger and acquisition regulationswhich became effective on September 8, 2006.On August 9, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the China Securities Regulatory Commission, promulgated the Regulation on Mergers and Acquisitionsof Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006, and was subsequently amended in 2009. This regulation, among otherthings, governs the approval process of a PRC company’s participation in an acquisition of assets or equity interests. Depending on the structure of the transaction,the regulation requires the PRC parties to make a series of applications and supplemental applications to the government agencies for approval of acquisition ofassets or equity interests from other entity. In some instances, the application process may require a presentation of economic data concerning the transaction,including appraisals of the target business and evaluations of the acquirer, which are designed to allow the government to assess viability of the transaction.Government approvals will have expiration dates, by which a transaction must be completed and reported to the government agencies. Compliance with theregulation is likely to be more time consuming and expensive than it was in the past, and provides the government more controls over business combination of twoenterprises. As a result, our ability to engage in business combination transactions has become significantly more complicated, time consuming, and expensive. Wemay not be able to negotiate a transaction that is acceptable to our stockholders or sufficiently protect their interests in a transaction.The regulation allows PRC governmental agencies to assess the economic terms of a business combination transaction. Parties to a business combinationtransaction may have to submit to MOFCOM and other relevant government agencies an appraisal report, an evaluation report, and the acquisition agreement, all ofwhich were a part of the application for approval, depending on the structure of the transaction. The regulation also prohibits a transaction with an acquisition priceobviously lower than the appraised value of the PRC business or assets and in certain transaction structures, and requires consideration being paid within a definedperiod, generally not in excess of a year. The regulation also limits our ability to negotiate various terms of the acquisition, including the initial consideration,contingent consideration, holdback provisions, indemnification provisions, and provisions related to the assumption and allocation of assets and liabilities.Transaction structures involving trusts, nominees and similar entities are prohibited. Therefore, such regulation may impede our ability to negotiate and complete abusiness combination transaction on financial terms that satisfy our investors and protect our stockholders’ economic interests.15Table of ContentsPRC regulation of loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion mayrestrict or prevent us from using the proceeds of our future financings to make loans to our PRC subsidiaries, or to make additional capital contributions toour PRC subsidiary.We, as an offshore holding company, are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC subsidiary, which are treated as foreigninvestedenterprises under PRC laws, through loans or capital contributions. However, loans by us to any PRC subsidiary to finance its activities cannot exceed statutorylimits and must be registered with the local counterpart of SAFE and capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary are subject to the requirement of making necessaryfilings in the Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System, and registration with other governmental authorities in China.SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital ofForeigninvested Enterprises, or Circular 19, effective on June 1, 2015, in replacement of the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvementof the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign Invested Enterprises, or Circular 142, the Notice from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Exchange Businesses, or Circular 59, and theCircular on Further Clarification and Regulation of the Issues Concerning the Administration of Certain Capital Account Foreign Exchange Businesses, orCircular 45. According to Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of a foreigninvestedcompany is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans, the repayment of interenterprise loans or the repayment ofbank loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of aforeign invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within the PRC, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFEwill permit such capital to be used for equity investments in the PRC in actual practice. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, whichreiterates some of the rules set forth in Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registeredcapital of a foreigninvested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to grant loans to nonassociated enterprises.Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. Circular 19 and Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer anyforeign currency we hold, including the net proceeds from our future financings, to our PRC subsidiary, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability tofund and expand our business in the PRC.Due to the restrictions imposed on loans in foreign currencies extended to any PRC domestic companies, we are not likely to make such loans to any of our PRCsubsidiaries. Meanwhile, we are not likely to finance the activities of our subsidiaries by means of capital contributions given the restrictions on foreign investmentin the businesses that are currently conducted by our subsidiaries.In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannotassure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, withrespect to future loans to our PRC subsidiary or any consolidated variable interest entity or future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiary. As a result,uncertainties exist as to our ability to provide prompt financial support to our PRC subsidiaries when needed. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain suchapprovals, our ability to use foreign currency, including the proceeds we received from our future financings, and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operationsmay be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.16Table of ContentsAny failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal oradministrative sanctions.Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas nonpubliclylisted companies may submit applications to SAFE orits local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. In the meantime, our directors, executive officers andother employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year, subject to limitedexceptions, and who have been granted restricted shares, options or restricted share units, or RSUs, by us or our overseas listed subsidiaries may follow the Noticeon Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company,issued by SAFE in February 2012, to apply for the foreign exchange registration. According to those regulations, employees, directors and other managementmembers participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC citizens residing in China for acontinuous period of not less than one year, subject to limited exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which may be aPRC subsidiary of the overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines andlegal sanctions and may also limit their ability to make payment under the relevant equity incentive plans or receive dividends or sales proceeds related thereto inforeign currencies, or our ability to contribute additional capital into our domestic subsidiaries in China and limit our domestic subsidiaries’ ability to distributedividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties under PRC law that could restrict our ability or the ability of our overseas listed subsidiaries to adoptadditional equity incentive plans for our directors and employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period ofnot less than one year, subject to limited exceptions.In addition, the State Administration of Taxation has issued circulars concerning employee share options, restricted shares or RSUs. Under these circulars,employees working in the PRC who exercise share options, or whose restricted shares or RSUs vest, will be subject to PRC individual income tax. The PRCsubsidiaries of an overseas listed company have obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authoritiesand to withhold individual income taxes of those employees related to their share options, restricted shares or RSUs. If the employees fail to pay, or the PRCsubsidiaries fail to withhold, their income taxes according to relevant laws, rules and regulations, the PRC subsidiaries may face sanctions imposed by the taxauthorities.Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a “resident enterprise” of China. Such classification will likely result in unfavorable taxconsequences to us and our nonPRC shareholders.On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress of China passed a new Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law. On November 28, 2007, the State Council ofChina passed its implementing rules, which took effect on January 1, 2008. Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto managementbodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise,” meaning that it can be treated in a manner similar to a Chinese enterprise for enterprise income taxpurposes. The implementing rules of the EIT Law define de facto management as “substantial and overall management and control over the production andoperations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise.On April 22, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice Concerning Relevant Issues Regarding Cognizance of Chinese Investment ControlledEnterprises Incorporated Offshore as Resident Enterprises. According to the Criteria of de facto Management Bodies, or the Notice, further interprets the applicationof the EIT Law and its implementation nonChinese enterprise or group controlled offshore entities. Pursuant to the Notice, an enterprise incorporated in an offshorejurisdiction and controlled by a Chinese enterprise or group will be classified as a “nondomestically incorporated resident enterprise” if (i) its senior management incharge of daily operations reside or perform their duties mainly in China; (ii) its financial or personnel decisions are made or approved by bodies or persons in China;(iii) its substantial assets and properties, accounting books, corporate chops, board and shareholder minutes are kept in China; and (iv) at least half of its directorswith voting rights or senior management often resident in China. A resident enterprise would be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on its worldwideincome and must pay a withholding tax at a rate of 10%, when paying dividends to its nonPRC shareholders. However, it remains unclear as to whether the Notice isapplicable to an offshore enterprise incorporated by a Chinese natural person, nor detailed measures on imposition of tax from nondomestically incorporatedresident enterprises are available. Therefore, it is unclear how tax authorities will determine tax residency based on the facts of each case.17Table of ContentsWe may be deemed to be a resident enterprise by Chinese tax authorities. If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for the PRCenterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on financingproceeds and nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although, under the EIT Law and its implementingrules, dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued a guidance with respect to the processingof outbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for the PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidanceissued with respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation, which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to ournonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC stockholders from transferring our shares.Our failure to fully comply with PRC laws relating to social insurance and housing accumulation fund may expose it to potential administrative penalties. The PRC laws and regulations require all employers in China to fully contribute their own portion to the social insurance and housing accumulation funds for theiremployees within a certain period of time. Failure to do so may expose the employers to make rectification for the unpaid contributions by the relevant laborauthority. As of the date of this report, Hongri PRC has not paid housing accumulation funds for its employees. In addition, Hongri PRC failed to make contributions to thesocial insurance in full amount for its employees before 2014. PRC governmental authorities may impose penalties on Hongri PRC for failure to comply. In addition, inthe event that any current or former employee files a complaint with the PRC government, Hongri PRC may be subject to making up the contributions to the socialinsurance and housing accumulation funds as well as paying administrative fines. The total cost of these contributions and any related fines or penalties could besignificant and could have a material adverse effect on our working capital. We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Chinese anticorruption laws, and any determination that we violated these lawscould have a material adverse effect on our business. We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act, or FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and theirofficials and political parties by U.S. persons and issuers as defined by the statute, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have operations,agreements with third parties, and make most of our sales in China. The PRC also strictly prohibits bribery of government officials. Our activities in China create therisk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company, even though they may not alwaysbe subject to our control. It is our policy to implement safeguards to discourage these practices by our employees. However, our existing safeguards and any futureimprovements may prove to be less than effective, and the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company may engage in conduct for whichwe might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA or Chinese anticorruption laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to otherliabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the U.S. government may seek to hold our Companyliable for successor liability FCPA violations committed by companies in which we invest or that we acquire. If we become directly subject to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.listed Chinese companies, we may have to expendsignificant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations, stock price and reputation, and could result in a loss ofyour investment in our stock, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favorably. In the past few years, U.S. publicly traded companies that have substantially all of their operations in China, particularly companies like us have been the subject ofintense scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators, and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism,and negative publicity has centered around financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, lacking effective internal controls over financial accounting,inadequate corporate governance policies or lacking of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, criticism, and negativepublicity, the publicly traded stocks of many U.S. listed Chinese companies have sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, have become virtually worthless.Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions, and are conducting internal and external investigations into theallegations. It is not clear the effect of this sectorwide scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity will have on our Company, our business, and our stock price. If webecome the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources toinvestigate such allegations defending our Company. This situation will be costly, time consuming, and distract our management from growing our company.18Table of ContentsThe disclosures in our reports and other filings with the SEC and our other public pronouncements will not be subject to the scrutiny of any regulatory bodiesin the PRC. Accordingly, our public disclosure should be reviewed in light of the fact that no governmental agency that is located in China where all of ouroperations and business are located have conducted any due diligence on our operations or reviewed or cleared any of our disclosure. Unlike public reporting companies whose operations are located primarily in the United States, however, all of our operations will be located in China. Since all of ouroperations and business takes place in China, it may be more difficult for the Staff of the SEC to overcome the geographic and cultural obstacles that are presentwhen reviewing our disclosure. These same obstacles are not present for similar companies whose operations or business take place entirely or primarily in theUnited States. Furthermore, our SEC reports and other disclosure and public pronouncements are not subject to the review or scrutiny of any PRC regulatoryauthority. For example, the disclosure in our SEC reports and other filings are not subject to the review of the CSRC, a PRC regulator that is tasked with oversight ofthe capital markets in China. Accordingly, you should review our SEC reports, filings and our other public pronouncements with the understanding that no localregulator has done any due diligence on our company and with the understanding that none of our SEC reports, other filings or any of our other publicpronouncements has been reviewed or otherwise been scrutinized by any local regulator. Proceedings instituted by the SEC against five PRCbased accounting firms could result in financial statements being determined to be not in compliance withthe requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.In December 2012, the SEC instituted proceedings under Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) of the SEC’s Rules of Practice against five PRCbased accounting firms alleging that thesefirms had violated U.S. securities laws and the SEC’s rules and regulations thereunder by failing to provide to the SEC the firms’ work papers related to their audits ofcertain PRCbased companies that are publicly traded in the United States. Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) grants to the SEC the authority to deny to any person, temporarily orpermanently, the ability to practice before the SEC who is found by the SEC, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, to have willfully violated, or willfully aidedand abetted the violation of, any such laws or rules and regulations. On January 22, 2014, an initial administrative law decision was issued, sanctioning four of theseaccounting firms and suspending them from practicing before the SEC for a period of six months. The sanction will not take effect until there is an order ofeffectiveness issued by the SEC. In February 2014, four of these PRCbased accounting firms filed a petition for review of the initial decision. In February 2015, eachof these four accounting firms agreed to a censure and to pay fine to the SEC to settle the dispute with the SEC. The settlement stays the current proceeding for fouryears, during which time the firms are required to follow detailed procedures to seek to provide the SEC with access to Chinese firms’ audit documents via the CSRC.If a firm does not follow the procedures, the SEC would impose penalties such as suspensions, or commence a new, expedited administrative proceeding against thenoncompliant firm or it could restart the administrative proceeding against all four firms.If our independent registered public accounting firm were denied, temporarily or permanently, the ability to practice before the SEC, and we are unable to find in atimely manner another registered public accounting firm which can audit and issue a report on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determinedto not be in compliance with the requirements for financial statements of public companies with a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the SEC’s revocation of the registration of our common stock under theExchange Act, which would cause the immediate delisting of our common stock from the NASDAQ Capital Market, and the effective termination of the tradingmarket for our common stock in the United States, which would likely have a significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.19Table of ContentsOur holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should we decide inthe future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depend upon the receipts of dividends or other payments fromour operating subsidiaries, other holdings, and investments. In addition, our operating subsidiaries, from time to time, may be subject to restrictions on their abilityto make distributions to us, including as a result of restrictive covenants in loan agreements, restrictions on the conversion of local currency into U.S. dollars orother hard currency, and other regulatory restrictions as discussed below. If future dividends are paid in RMB, fluctuations in the exchange rate for conversion ofRMB into U.S. dollars may reduce the amount received by the U.S. stockholders upon conversion of dividend payments into U.S. dollars.Chinese regulations currently permit the payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards andregulations. Our subsidiaries in China are also required to set aside a portion of their aftertax profits to fund certain reserve funds according to the Chineseaccounting standards and regulations. Currently, our subsidiaries in China are the only sources of revenues or investment holdings for the payment of dividends. Ifthey do not accumulate sufficient profits under Chinese accounting standards and regulations to satisfy certain reserve funds as required by the Chineseaccounting standards, we will be unable to pay any dividends.Aftertax profits/losses with respect to the payment of dividends from accumulated profits and the annual appropriation of aftertax profits as calculated pursuant tothe Chinese accounting standards and regulations do not result in significant differences as compared to aftertax earnings as presented in our financial statements.However, there are certain differences between PRC accounting standards and regulations and U.S. GAAP, arising from different treatment of items such asamortization of intangible assets and change in fair value of contingent consideration rising from business combinations.RISKS RELATED TO THIS OFFERING AND THE MARKET FOR OUR SECURITIES GENERALLYIf we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of NASDAQ, we would face possible delisting, which would result in a limited public market for ourshares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Our common stock is traded and listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “KBSF.” The common stock may be delisted if we fail to maintain certainNasdaq listing requirements. For instance, companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bidprice per share of $1.00 for 30 consecutive business days. On March 3, 2016, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the 30 consecutive businessdays between January 20, 2016 and March 2, 2016, the bid price of our common stock closed below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQListing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued inclusion on The NASDAQ Capital Market. In accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we had an initial graceperiod of 180 calendar days, or until August 30, 2016, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. After the Company effectuated a oneforfifteenreverse stock split of the outstanding common stock, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq on February 27, 2017 stating that because the Company maintainedthe closing bid price of its common stock at $1.00 per share or greater from February 9 to February 24, 2017, they determined that the Company has regainedcompliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement.We cannot ensure you that we will continue to comply with the requirements for continued listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If our commonstock is no longer listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market, our shares would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our shares could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, andsecurity analysts’ coverage of us may be reduced. In addition, in the event our shares are delisted, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed uponthem, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions in our shares, further limiting the liquidity of our shares. These factors could result in lowerprices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our shares. Such delisting from The NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our shareprice could also greatly impair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing, and could significantly increase the ownershipdilution to shareholders caused by our issuing equity in financing or other transactions.20Table of ContentsIf we were delisted from NASDAQ, we may become subject to the trading complications experienced by “Penny Stocks” in the overthecounter market.Delisting from NASDAQ may cause our shares of common stock to become the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. The SEC generally defines a penny stock as an equitysecurity that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. One such exemption is tobe listed on NASDAQ. The market price of our common stock is currently higher than $1.00 per share. However, because the daily trading volume in our commonstock is very low, significant price movement can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Therefore, were we to be delisted from NASDAQ,our common stock may become subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. These rules require, among other things, that any broker engaging in a purchase or sale ofour securities provide its customers with: (i) a risk disclosure document, (ii) disclosure of market quotations, if any, (iii) disclosure of the compensation of the brokerand its salespersons in the transaction and (iv) monthly account statements showing the market values of our securities held in the customer’s accounts. A brokerwould be required to provide the bid and offer quotations and compensation information before effecting the transaction. This information must be contained on thecustomer’s confirmation. Generally, brokers are less willing to effect transactions in penny stocks due to these additional delivery requirements. These requirementsmay make it more difficult for shareholders to purchase or sell our shares. Because the broker, not us, prepares this information, we would not be able to assure thatsuch information is accurate, complete or current.Trading in our shares over the last three months has been very limited, so our stock price is highly volatile, leading to the possibility that you may not be able tosell as much stock as you want at prevailing prices.Because approximately 70% of our then issued and outstanding shares of common stock was tendered in the tender offering closed on July 29, 2014, we currentlyhave a limited amount of shares eligible for public trading. The average daily trading volume in our common stock over the last three months is very limited. If limitedtrading in our common stock continues, it may be difficult for investors to sell their shares in the public market at any given time at prevailing prices. Moreover, themarket price for shares of our common stock may be made more volatile because of the relatively low volume of trading in our common stock. When trading volumeis low, significant price movement of our common stock can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Volatility in our common stock couldcause stockholders to incur substantial losses.Numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly.There are numerous additional factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly. Thesefactors include:●our earnings releases, actual or anticipated changes in our earnings, fluctuations in our operating results or our failure to meet the expectations of financialmarket analysts and investors;●changes in financial estimates by us or by any securities analysts who might cover our shares;●speculation about our business in the press or the investment community;●significant developments relating to our relationships with our customers or suppliers;●stock market price and volume fluctuations of other publicly traded companies and, in particular, those that are in our industries;●customer demand for our products;●investor perceptions of our industry in general and our company in particular;●the operating and stock performance of comparable companies;●general economic conditions and trends;●major catastrophic events;●announcements by us or our competitors of new products, significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships or divestitures;●changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretation or principles;●loss of external funding sources;●sales of our shares, including sales by our directors, officers or significant shareholders; and●additions or departures of key personnel.21Table of ContentsSecurities class action litigation is often instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their share price. This type of litigation could result insubstantial costs to us and divert our management’s attention and resources. Moreover, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price andvolume fluctuations for reasons unrelated to operating performance of particular companies. For example, in July 2008, the securities markets in the United States,China and other jurisdictions experienced the largest decline in share prices since September 2001. These market fluctuations may adversely affect the price of ourshares and other interests in our company at a time when you want to sell your interest in us.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and do not anticipate paying any cashdividends on our shares. Accordingly, investors must be prepared to rely on sales of their shares after price appreciation to earn an investment return, which maynever occur. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our shares. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion ofour Board of Directors, and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable laws, and otherfactors our board deems relevant.Certain of our shareholders hold a significant percentage of our outstanding voting securities.Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, is the beneficial owner of approximately 37% of our outstanding voting securities. As a result, hepossesses significant influence and can elect a majority of our board of directors and authorize or prevent proposed significant corporate transactions. Hisownership and control may also have the effect of delaying or preventing a future change in control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other businesscombination or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer.Our outstanding warrants may adversely affect the market price of our shares of common stock.There are currently 393,836 warrants outstanding. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50. The sale orpossibility of sale of the shares underlying the warrants could have an adverse effect on the market price for our shares of common stock or our ability to obtainfuture financing. If and to the extent these warrants are exercised, you may experience dilution to your holdings.You will not be able to exercise your redeemable warrants if we do not have an effective registration statement and a prospectus in place when you desire to doso.No redeemable warrants will be exercisable, and we will not be obligated to issue shares of common stock upon exercise of redeemable warrants by a holder unless,at the time of such exercise, we have a registration statement or posteffective amendment under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuableupon the exercise of the redeemable warrants and a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Under the terms of a redeemable warrant agreementbetween American Stock Transfer & Trust Company as warrant agent, and us, we have agreed to use our best efforts to have a registration statement in effectcovering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants from the date the redeemable warrants become exercisable and to maintain acurrent prospectus relating to shares of common stock until the redeemable warrants expire or are redeemed, and to take such action as is necessary to qualify theshares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants for sale in those states in which the IPO was initially qualified. However, we cannotassure you that we will be able to do so. We may be unable to have a registration statement in effect covering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of theredeemable warrants or to maintain a current prospectus relating to such shares of common stock if, for example, we lack the current financial statements necessaryto be included in such registration statement or prospectus. We have no obligation to settle the redeemable warrants for cash, in any event, and the redeemablewarrants may not be exercised and we will not deliver securities therefor in the absence of an effective registration statement and a prospectus available for use. Theredeemable warrants may be deprived of any value, the market for the redeemable warrants may be limited if there is no registration statement in effect covering theshares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the redeemable warrants or the prospectus relating to the shares of common stock issuable upon the exerciseof the redeemable warrants is not current and the redeemable warrants may expire worthless. If you are unable to exercise or sell your redeemable warrants, you willhave paid the full unit price for only the shares of common stock underlying the units.22Table of ContentsHolders of warrants included in the placement units may exercise these warrants even if an effective registration statement and a prospectus is not in place,which means they may be able to exercise such warrants while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.Unlike the warrants underlying the units issued in connection with our IPO, the warrants included in the placement units will not be restricted from being exercisedin the absence of a registration statement under the Securities Act in effect covering the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the such warrantsand a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Therefore, the holders thereof will be able to exercise such warrants regardless of whether the issuanceof the underlying shares of common stock is registered under the Securities Act, while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.We are a “foreign private issuer” and have disclosure obligations that are different than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. Therefore, you should notexpect to receive the same information about us as a U.S. domestic reporting company may provide. Furthermore, if we or lose our status as a foreign privateissuer, we would be required to fully comply with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers and incur significantoperational, administrative, legal, and accounting costs that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer.We are a foreign private issuer. As a result, we are not subject to certain of the requirements imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the SEC. For example, we arenot required by the SEC or the federal securities laws to issue quarterly reports or file proxy statements with the SEC. We are also allowed to file our annual reportwith the SEC within four months of our fiscal year end. We are also not required to disclose certain detailed information regarding executive compensation that isrequired from U.S. domestic issuers. Further, our directors and executive officers are not required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Securities Act. Asa foreign private issuer, we are also exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups ofinvestors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. We are, however, still subject to the antifraud and antimanipulation rules ofthe SEC, such as Rule 10b5. Since many of the disclosure obligations required of us as a foreign private issuer are different than those required by U.S. domesticreporting companies, our shareholders should not expect to receive all of the same types of information about us and at the same time as information is receivedfrom, or provided by, U.S. domestic reporting companies. We are liable for violations of the rules and regulations of the SEC, which do apply to us as a foreignprivate issuer. Violations of these rules could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain NASDAQ corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. Thismay afford less protection to holders of our securities.We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. As a foreign private issuer,we are permitted to follow the governance practices of our home country, the Republic of the Marshall Islands in lieu of certain corporate governance requirementsof Nasdaq. As result, the standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not requiredto:●have a compensation committee and a nominating committee to be comprised solely of “independent directors; and●hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the Company’s fiscal yearend.As a result, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.Future sales or perceived sales of our shares of common stock could depress our stock price.As of the date of this report, we have 2,591,299 shares of common stock outstanding. Many of these shares will become eligible for sale in the public market, subjectto limitations imposed by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. If the holders of these shares were to attempt to sell a substantial amount of their holdings at once, themarket price of our common stock could decline. Moreover, the perceived risk of this potential dilution could cause shareholders to attempt to sell their shares andinvestors to short the common stock, a practice in which an investor sells shares that he or she does not own at prevailing market prices, hoping to purchase shareslater at a lower price to cover the sale. As each of these events would cause the number of shares of our common stock being offered for sale to increase, ourcommon stock market price would likely further decline. All of these events could combine to make it very difficult for us to sell equity or equityrelated securities inthe future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.23Table of ContentsHolders of our securities may face difficulties in protecting their interests because we are incorporated under the Republic of the Marshall Islands law.We are a company incorporated under the laws of the Marshall Islands, and almost all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, majority of ourdirectors and officers, and their assets, are located outside of the United States. As a result, you may have difficulty serving legal process within the United Statesupon us or any of these persons. You may also have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside the United States, judgments you may obtain in U.S. courts against usor these persons in any action, including actions based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal or state securities laws. You may also have difficultybringing an original action in the appropriate court of the Marshall Islands to enforce liabilities against us or any person based upon the U.S. federal securities laws.Provisions of our articles of incorporation may impede a takeover or make it more difficult for shareholders to change the direction or management of theCompany, which could reduce shareholders’ opportunity to influence management of the Company.Our articles of incorporation permit our board of directors to issue up to five million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 from time to time, with suchrights and preferences as they consider appropriate. These terms may include voting rights including the right to vote as a series on particular matters, preferencesas to dividends and liquidation, conversion rights and redemption rights provisions. The issuance of any preferred stock could reduce the value of our commonstock. In addition, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell assets to, a third party. Theability of the board of directors to issue preferred stock could make it more difficult, delay, discourage, prevent or make it more costly to acquire or effect a changeincontrol, which in turn could prevent shareholders from recognizing a gain in the event that a favorable offer is extended and could materially and negatively affectthe market price of our common stock.ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANYA.History and Development of the CompanyWe are a Republic of the Marshall Islands Company incorporated under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BDA”) on January 26, 2012. We wereoriginally organized under the name “Aquasition Corp.” for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, orsimilar acquisition transaction, one or more operating businesses or assets. The address of the Company’s principal executive office is Xingfengge Building,Baogaiyupu Industrial Park, Shishi City, Fujian Province of china.On March 24, 2014, we entered into a share exchange agreement and plan of liquidation (the “Exchange Agreement”), with KBS International, Hongri International, athen wholly owned subsidiary of KBS International and Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, each an individual and shareholder of KBS International (each, a“Principal Stockholder”). The Exchange Agreement was subsequently amended on June 21, 2014. The transactions contemplated in the Exchange Agreement (the“Share Exchange”) were closed on August 1, 2014. At the closing, we acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interest in Hongri International from KBSInternational. In exchange, we issued an aggregate of 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company to KBS International. In addition, on July 29, 2014, wecompleted a tender offer related to the Share Exchange and redeemed the 332,116 shares of common stock validly tendered and not withdrawn. Pursuant to theExchange Agreement, KBS International was liquidated and dissolved in August 2014 and the 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company were distributed toeach shareholder of KBS International according to their respective ownership of KBS International. As a result, following the consummation of the Share Exchange,we had a total of 1,694,489 shares of common stock outstanding.24Table of ContentsOn October 31, 2014, we held a special shareholder meeting and amended our Articles of Incorporation to change our name to KBS Fashion Group Limited.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.On March 29, 2016, we granted an aggregate of 73,334 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their past services in 2015 and future services to be provided in 2016.On July 10, 2017, we granted an aggregate of 215,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company as compensationsfor their services.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their services.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 registered shares of common stock pursuant to our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to our executive officers,directors and certain employees as compensations for their services.On March 29, 2019, our board of directors approved the issuance of 15,000 shares of common stock to our Investor Relationship firm as compensation for theirservices. The issuance of the shares was made in reliance on the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), for theoffer and sale of securities not involving a public offering, and Regulation S promulgated thereunder. None of the shares have been registered under the Act andneither may be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.25Table of ContentsCorporate StructureAll of our business operations are conducted through our PRC subsidiaries. The chart below presents our corporate structure as of the date of this report. The Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regardingissuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.Our web site address is http://www.kbsfashion.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of thisAnnual Report.Principal Capital Expenditures and DivestituresFor the year ended December 31, 2018, our total capital expenditures and divestitures were $nil. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, our total capitalexpenditures and divestitures were $849,199 and $45,445, respectively. Such expenditures were primarily used construction of production facility and purchasing fireprotection facility. Our operating cash flow mainly funded these capital expenditures.B.Business OverviewWe are a leading casual menswear company in China with a demonstrated track record of designing, marketing, and selling our own line of fashion menswear. Ourproducts include men’s apparel, footwear and accessories, primarily targeting urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 in the Tier II and Tier III cities in China.Tier II cities generally refer to major cities located in each province of China other than the capital city of such province. Tier III cities generally refer to countylevelcities in China. Tier III cities that we focus on are the national top 100 county cities identified by the State Statistics Bureau of China each year. These cities arecharacterized by higher GDP, higher disposable income, better education and better infrastructure as compared with other countylevel cities.26Table of ContentsOur apparel products include outerwear, knitwear, denim, tops, bottoms, accessories and footwear. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products,each year with a different theme to highlight the current trends in menswear for the season.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by the company and 40 franchised stores operated by 14 third party distributors or their subdistributors. The number of stores has grown from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017and 2016, sales through our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues respectively, and sales through distributors and whole sellersaccounted for 73%, 66.5% and 78% of our revenues, respectively. Total revenue from corporate stores sales for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $7.0million for 2017 and $5.53 million for 2016.From 2009 through 2018, total net sales decreased from $28.1 million to $18.53 million while the net profit decreased from $9.0 million to a net loss of $8 million.Our Competitive StrengthsWe believe that the following competitive strengths enable us to compete effectively in and capitalize on the growing casual menswear industry in China.●There is a sizable market for our products. We believe that we have a sizeable potential market. Our target customers are male middleclass consumers inthe 2040 age range. According to the national census in 2018, the population in China between 1659 yearsold was approximately 900 million. Our targetgroup falls into this category and is estimated to be more than 200 million people. As a result of the growing affluence in the PRC and increased purchasingpower of the PRC population, we believe that PRC consumers are becoming more willing and able to purchase casual menswear. In addition, we believe thatthe purchasing decision of PRC consumers is becoming more predicated upon brand image, product design and style, rather than just price considerations.With rising affluence and improvement in lifestyle, we also believe the overall Chinese population is generally growing more brand name conscious andstyle oriented and has shown a propensity for increased spending on casual menswear.●We have a strong focus on design and product development. We believe that our inhouse design and product development capabilities allow us to createunique products that appeal to our customers. We have established a strong inhouse design and product development team of 20 employees as of April26, 2019. Our team identifies new fashion trends by attending fashion shows and exhibitions as well as by drawing from creative ideas in magazines andother media. Each spring and fall, we carefully plan and create a new product line for our fall/winter and spring/summer collections of 727 SKU thatencompasses our full range of product offerings, including outerwear, tops, bottoms and accessories. We introduce new design elements into our productlines each season. With our highly skilled and creative team of designers, we have extensive experience in creating unique designs to meet the preferencesand needs of our target customer base.●Our trademarked brand has earned a following in China. Our brand was developed in 2006. Our marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design andmade for Chinese.” Our customers are middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range. We believe that their products’ concept, marketing, design andpackaging fully match with the prowestern attitude and life styles of their target customers. We believe the KBS brand is essential to our success topenetrate to the casual menswear market in China.●We have an extensive and wellmanaged nationwide distribution network. We have an extensive distribution network throughout China. As of December31, 2018, we had 1 KBS branded corporate stores and 32 franchised stores across 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. TheKBS branded corporate stores are required to sell only our products. We have been building up our selected distributor network since 2007. As ofDecember 31, 2018, we had 11 distributors operating 32 franchised stores. All of our distributors have been working with us from 1 to 10 years. We selectour distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry, sales channels, business resources, brand promotioncapabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. Our distributors help us respond to changing consumer tastes in a timelymanner by providing regular feedback on our products at our semiannual sales fairs and frequent communications. The financial resources of ourdistributors allow us to expand our retail network with less working capital investment from us than would be required for establishing direct stores, as ourdistributors are responsible for the store rentals and cost of inventory in their stores. We sold a substantial amount of our products through ourdistributors, which have allowed us to distribute our products to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge ofour distributors and their sub distributors. We believe that our distribution network has enabled us to expand our business and increase our salesefficiently and with less operational risk. This model has also minimized our operational risk because we typically start production after we receive ordersfrom our distributors. We believe that using a distribution network to sell a substantial amount of our KBS products has enabled us to devote ourresources to our core competitive strengths of design, brand management and product development.27Table of Contents●We have an experienced management team. Our management team has extensive R&D, marketing and financial experience, led by our Chief ExecutiveOfficer, Mr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has over 27 years of experience in the apparel industry and also has developed a differentiated product by internationalcooperation with a Korean designer. After working in the garment industry for more than 16 years, Mr. Yan acquired and developed the KBS brand. Withhis strong understanding of the apparel industry, Mr. Yan has successfully established this brand name in the market. We are committed to attract andretain top management level executives who we believe are and will continue to be the driving force behind our product development and growth.Our Growth StrategyWe intend to further strengthen our market position in the casual menswear market in China by implementing the following strategies:●We plan to expand our online business and purchase one or more online sales platforms or online stores. Together with the change in consumer trends,online sales is now the most important sales channel in Chinese market and is becoming increasingly important globally. Sales from our stores anddistributors have been steadily decreasing, and we are now in the process of identifying the best possible ways to establish and expand our onlinebusiness. We plan to research and purchase one or more online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that KBS will have better opportunities toexpand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores in year 2019, and the management of KBS will keep on exploring other areas and businessmodels, such as the use of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends. We consider that ourpolicy to expand our outreach using new technologies will add significant shareholder value.●We plan to expand our OEM sales by attracting more reputable and longterm clients. We just had the renewal of a framework sales contract with twomajor current customers: Hangzhou Zhi Yin Apparel Clothes Co., Ltd and Hangzhou Yiyuan Apparel Co., Ltd. These two sales contracts are expected togenerate approximately RMB 28 million in total, of which RMB 20 million relates to Hangzhou Ziyin of new 450,000 orders and RMB 8 million relates toHangzhou Yiyuan of new 160,000 orders for this year. We are also expanding our OEM business and to get more clients, especially to focus on onlineproviders, as they have expanded their market share over the past years quickly together with the change in Chinese consumer’s preferences and occupy alarge market share. By the time when we start executing the orders, we expect that we can have sustainable and increasing business.●We plan to invest in a Greece Based Private Smart Tech Apparel Company. We signed a letter of intent with Tribe, one of the most innovative smartclothing technology companies internationally. If the transaction is consummated, we conceive that this investment will enhance and expand significantlyour client network and products offering. The smart clothing market is expected to surpass the 2 trillion US dollars in size in 2019 and we believe we are wellpositioned to capture a part of this market in the wider region.28Table of Contents●We plan to continue to raise the profile of the KBS brand through enhanced advertising and promotional activities. We believe that the strongassociation of KBS brand with our concept of “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese” has helped drive our brand positioning and customers’receptivity to our products. We intend to further build our brand and deliver a consistent brand image from product design to sales and marketing. We seekto promote and enhance our presence in China’s casual menswear market by continuing to adopt proactive marketing strategies and produce high quality,well designed casual menswear for our target market. In particular, we aim to increase awareness of our brand through: (1) multichannel advertisingstrategies through national television, fashion magazines, billboards and other media channels; (2) further assisting our distributors’ regional advertisingefforts; (3) distinctive store and product launch campaigns, including special events for new product launches and largescale grand opening events fornew stores, particularly new corporate stores; (4) update of the decoration and layout of a number of existing stores which have been in operation for yearsto improve the shopping experience; (5) participation in fashion shows; and (6) sponsorships of selected highimpact events. We believe that theseadvertising and promotional activities will help to further strengthen brand awareness in our target market and enhance customer loyalty.●We plan to expand and build upon our design and product development capabilities. We intend to further strengthen our design and productdevelopment capabilities by accelerating the commercialization of design concepts, expanding our product offerings and continuing to develop what webelieve is unique casual menswear. We plan to further invest in design and product development and expand our design and product development team byattracting talented designers, either domestic or international, and training young graduates from leading fashion design institutes. We believe thatcombining western fashion design experience with our local designer’s understanding of the China market and aesthetic will enable us to create fashionableyet popular casual menswear for consumers in China. We also intend to cooperate with our suppliers to develop new materials and fabrics which we believewill give customers a unique fashion product and create new market opportunities. We believe that our focus on designing unique and quality casualmenswear will allow us to maintain our competitiveness and help to enhance our sales and overall profitability.●We plan to expand our production capacity to expand and diversify our product offerings. Our production facility is located in Taihu City, AnhuiProvince, China, consisting of total 110,557 square meters of land. Currently this facility has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per yearand can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famous sportswear producers, some successful onlinebrand stores and fulfill some overseas orders. The construction of our facility commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases: Phase 1 consists of theconstruction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We have completed theconstruction of facilities for Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Although we have the designed capacity of 5 million pieces yearly, the facilitycurrently may only produce 2 million pieces per year. Phase 3 construction has been delayed because the local government needs additional time toconclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 canbe continued. Phase 4 will include production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quarters and livingfacilities. Upon completion, the new facility is expected to have a production capacity of 20 million pieces and accommodate 5,000 workers. Please see“Production” below for a more complete explanation of our plans for the expansion of our production capacity. We anticipate that the new productionfacility will allow us to further refine our existing product lines by offering more styles within our existing apparel and accessories categories and tointroduce additional, complementary apparel and accessories categories into our product line. We currently introduce 500 to 900 different styles ofproducts each year and intend to increase the number of our product offerings in the future.●We plan to expand our international market and attract more orders from overseas. Starting from year 2016, we have been awarded international OEMorders for producing clothes with overseas brands. Such orders are usually large and continuous. Due to the completion of phase 2 construction of ourAnhui factory, we have enough production capacity to take on large orders. The current utilization rate of the Anhui factory is still quite low and we expectto invest more in attracting more large orders from overseas.The KBS BrandWe are engaged in a highly competitive industry in which brand image and recognition is critical to attracting customers to purchase our products. We haveadopted KBS as a uniform brand name and image for all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. The KBS brand was created byMs. Qinghua Ye in 2006 and registered with the trademark administration authority in 2008. Subsequently, Ms. Ye assigned the KBS trademark to Hongri PRC in2008. In 2009, Hongri PRC transferred this trademark to France Cock, which then licensed such trademark back to Hongri PRC. Based on our sharp rise in revenuesince 2006, we believe that the KBS brand has gained a following in the casual menswear market in the cities where our products are sold.29Table of ContentsTo promote our brand, we have developed and implemented brand management policies in all of our corporate stores and franchised stores. Our brand managementpolicies set out detailed requirements for store decorations and display of products. This enables us to project a consistent brand image. In addition, each season,our design and product development team develops display concepts, including the presentation of our collections in the stores and the color schemes for thebackdrops. We also work closely with our distributors to supervise the daily operations of franchised stores through unscheduled visits to ensure that our brandmanagement policies are properly followed.We may suspend the supply of our products or terminate distribution agreements in the event that any of our distributors or their subdistributors consistently failsto comply with our brand management policies.Our ProductsOur apparel products include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, socks and caps. In 2018, thesuggested retail prices of our products ranged from RMB 15 to RMB1,599 (approximately $2 to $237) for our apparel products and RMB178 to RMB1599(approximately $26 to $236) for our accessory products. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products, each year with a different theme tohighlight the current trends in menswear for the season.Our DesignWe believe one of our key strengths is our internal design and product development team, which designs products that reinforce our brand image. Major parts ofour products are designed by our internal design and product development team with the collaboration of Korean designers. As of December 31, 2018, our designand product development team consisted of 20 members, including one senior designer with over five years of working experience. Final design concepts areapproved by Mr. Keyan Yan, who has more than 27 years of experience in the industry. All of the other designers are graduates of professional design schools inChina. We believe that our design and product development team is innovative and passionate and that the individual experience of each of our designers helpsbring new and exciting products to our customers. Our design and product development team conceptualizes each season’s collections through an interactiveprocess, taking into account our brand strategy, product image and market feedback, drawing inspirations from domestic and international fashion trends andcollaborating with both our suppliers and distributors to finetune our designs. In particular, we collaborate with our suppliers to develop a variety of materials andfabrics for our products. We also involve distributors in our product selection process to take advantage of their market intelligence, which helps us to adapt toconstantly changing customer preferences in local markets. Our designers also attend various domestic and international fashion shows to keep abreast of the latestfashion trends.Starting from year 2015, design of our products comes from three channels. In addition to designing products by our inhouse staff, we outsource to certainreputable designers. From time to time, our ODMs also will directly sell their designed products to us.In a typical year, we design and make around 1,500 prototypes. After the initial product selection, internal cost analysis of approved prototypes and final selectionby distributors at the sales fairs, we eventually select approximately 750 designs for mass production. Final design of all of our products will be approved by ourChairman, Mr. Yan.Our Distribution NetworkWe have established a nationwide distribution network consisting of corporate stores and franchised stores covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrallyadministered municipalities.Corporate StoresAs of December 31, 2018, we owned and operated 1 corporate store with the floor area of approximately 120 square meters. As part of our corporate strategy, weclosed 17 corporate stores in last two years because of the low profitability of certain corporate stores. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, salesthrough our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues, respectively.30Table of ContentsWe directly own and operate our corporate store. This direct control enables us to have closer relationship with our ultimate customers and better understanding ofmarket trends and consumer preferences. Required capital for opening of each store depends on the location and area of the designated store. On average, therenovation cost per store is around $67,000 and the first year of rent payment is around $140,000 including premium paid to the previous owner. Rental period variesfrom two to five years. The total capital required to open a new store is generally around $207,000 per store. Once negotiation of rent is concluded, it takes one totwo months to open up a store. We usually open up stores right before a peak season, such as labor holiday in May, National holiday in October and Chinese NewYear in January/February. On average, new stores break even after one to three months of operation.We currently have one standard designs for our corporate stores located in Fujian Province. They were considered as flagship stores for our distributors’ reference.Because in year 2016 and 2015 we closed some corporate stores, the inventories of these stores were cleared through promotion exhibitions we held in the thirdtiercities at lower prices.For corporate stores opened in second tier cities, we normally have a higher aesthetic standard compared with corporate stores in third and fourth tier cities. Wegenerally locate our corporate stores at street level to access high pedestrian flow. Normally, we will sell inseason stock in our secondtier city corporate stores. Oursecondtier city corporate stores are also designed to showcase our marketability to potential distributors so as to induce them to join our distributorship. For storesopened in the third and fourth tier cities, we normally sell some of our slowmoving or offseason stock at a discount due to our awareness of the generally lesseramount of disposable income available to residents of these cities. During certain times of the year, such as the New Year, Chinese New Year and Labor Day, we willorganize promotional discounts together with our franchised stores to attract more customers and increase our stock turnover.Franchised StoresWe sell a substantial amount of our products to our franchised distributors who in turn sell them to retail customers through KBS branded retail stores operated byour distributors or their subdistributors. Since 2013, we have also been selling products to 3 provincial distributors without their own stores, or the nostoredistributors, on a trial basis. We do not have any ownership in, or controlling relationship with, these franchised stores, but we have entered into distributionagreements with them in the Company’s standard form, pursuant to which we require distributors and their subdistributors to sell only KBS products in thesestores. Distributors are responsible for selecting and ordering products from us and overseeing the sales in the stores operated by them and their subdistributors.By selling directly to our distributors, we can recognize revenues upon delivery to our distributors and delegate the distribution responsibilities to our distributors.This allows us to distribute our merchandise to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge of our distributors and theirsubdistributors. This also minimizes our inventory and sales risks while allowing us to allocate our resources to our core competitive strengths of design, brandmanagement and product development. We believe that our cooperation with distributors has enabled us to expand our business and accelerate our sales growth atmuch lower costs and operational risk and achieve brand recognition throughout China.We have been building up our selected franchised distributor network since 2007. As of December 31, 2018, we had 11 franchised distributors who operated 32 retailstores directly or through their subdistributors, all of which were standalone stores, which were typically located in commercial centers, including departmentstores or shopping malls, in their cities. All these distributors have worked with us for about 1 to 8 years. We have not encountered any material dispute or financialdifficulty with our key distributors. The average floor area of each retail store was approximately 78 square meters as of December 2018. The number of retail storeshas grown significantly in recent years from 7 as of December 31, 2006, with the aggregate floor area increasing from 560 square meters as of December 31, 2006 to2,635 square meters as of December 31, 2018. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, sales through our distributors accounted for 73%, 63.3% and78% of our revenues, respectively. 31Table of ContentsDuring each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we had no customer exceeding 10% of our net sales.Sales generated by our five bestperforming franchised distributors accounted for approximately 29.3%, 23.8% and 28.3% of our revenues in the years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Those top distributors have been with us since 2007 or 2008 and have grown organically with us. At the same time,we are exploring more distributors in other regions including relatively small distributors to grow with their businesses. Although we rely on distributors for thesales and marketing of our products, we believe our business is not substantially dependent on any individual distributor.We are highly selective in appointing distributors. We select our distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry,sales channels, business resources, brand promotion capabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. We maintain good relationshipswith many regional or local distributor candidates which we identify through our internal research and external referrals but only appoint a handful of them tobecome our distributors. We evaluate the relevant experience of the distributor candidates in operating retail stores, their financial condition and sources of fundingrequired for the establishment of a regional distribution network and their ability to develop a network of retail stores in the designated distribution region of a givendistributor before we make any appointment.Once appointed, each distributor must enter into a distribution agreement with us. We do not own any interest in any of our distributors, their subdistributors orthe retail stores they operate. The distribution agreements we typically enter into with distributors do not allow us to be involved in the daily operating, financing orother activities of the distributors, except that distributors need to comply with our brand management policies and pricing and store management guidelines. Keyterms of our standard distribution agreement include:●Product Exclusivity. Our distributors are required to sell only our products at KBS branded retail outlets managed by them or authorized retailers.●Geographic Coverage. Distributors are granted exclusive rights to distribute our products (directly and indirectly through their subdistributors) in theretail stores within the specified geographic area with no overlapping of distributors within our distribution network. However, we retain the right to operatedirect stores anywhere regardless of whether we have appointed distributors there.●Duration. The distribution agreements generally have an initial term of one year and are renewable at our discretion after taking into account factors suchas compliance with our brand management policies and sales performance.●Distributor Pricing. Distributors agree to order our products at a discount from our suggested retail prices. The discounted wholesale prices todistributors are classified into the following three categories: provincial distributor at a discount of 35% of retail price, district distributor is 30% of retailprice and the wholesale distributor is 25% of retail price.●Minimum Purchase Requirement. Each of our distributors is customarily expected to purchase a minimum amount of our products for each trade fair heldbiannually according to their present and expected distribution network. The minimum is typically RMB800,000 (approximately $110,000) for each store.●Payment and Delivery. Normally, we expect distributors to pay us RMB0.5 million (approximately $74,000) to RMB1 million (approximately $148,148) as adeposit upon placing an order. Upon delivery of the orders, we will deduct amounts on deposit from the purchase price. For new and small districtdistributors, we normally require them to pay the balance before the delivery of its products. We may also accept payment on credit terms to the extentrequested by distributors experiencing working capital difficulties or encouraging them to order more. The amount and duration of credit granted to eachdistributor will depend on its financial position and creditworthiness. We handle the arrangements for delivery of our products, but the distributors arenormally expected to bear the related costs and expenses.32Table of Contents●Return of Products. We will only accept product returns from distributors for quality reasons and only if the distributors followed our standard proceduresin processing the returned products. So far, we have not experienced any product returns due to expressed quality reasons.●Retail Pricing. Other than at times when we launch promotional campaigns or adjust our strategies, distributors must adopt, and are required to procuretheir subdistributors to adopt, our suggested retail prices for products. Distributors must obtain our consent before launching any distributor specificspecial offers.●Brand Management. Distributors must comply with our brand management policies and store management guidelines. We may impose penalties, forfeitureof deposit, suspend supply of products and terminate the agreement in the event of any breach of such policies.●Termination. We may generally terminate the distribution agreements and seek indemnification in the event of breach by distributors. In the event of sometypes of breach, we may not terminate the agreement but have other remedies. For example, if a distributor fails to order all products provided for under thedistributorship agreement, we may instead impose forfeiture of deposit or withhold certain benefits.When opening new retail stores, our distributors conduct research on the market potential of the proposed retail sites, after which they will provide us with anapplication for opening a new retail store. In reviewing applications, we consider factors including the store location, store layout, available area, marketopportunities, competitors and estimated sales. We conduct selected onsite investigations to verify applications filed by our distributors. Our retail stores aregenerally located in convenient retail locations in their respective cities and thus benefit from high volumes of pedestrian traffic.Effective monitoring of distributors and their retail stores is critical to our success. We have a team in our marketing, sales and distribution department to monitorour distributors’ and their subdistributors’ performance, who conduct onsite inspections of selected retail stores each quarter without prior notice to ensurecompliance with our store management guidelines. According to the results of our inspections, we, from time to time, make suggestions to our distributors withrespect to the opening or closure of their retail stores. Distributors also need to submit to us their annual/ semiannual plans to estimate their orders for the nextseason and their plan to improve the performance of existing retail stores or expand by opening new retail stores. This reporting system enables us to access uptodate sales projections of our distributors and their subdistributors, which reflects the overall level of retail sales of our products. It also provides us with theexpansion plan of each distributor which helps us prepare our overall development plan in a more accurate manner.We invite our distributors, as well as a select number of their subdistributors and retail store managers, to attend our sales fairs, which are held twice a year. Duringthe sales fairs, we discuss with our distributors and their subdistributors the upcoming product line. Apart from participating in two sales fairs each year, ourdistributors visit us from time to time and contact us as necessary, which allows us to have access to updated market information. We also provide training fordistributors and their subdistributors in the areas of sales techniques, customer service and product knowledge, typically prior to the launch of our new collectionseach year. We believe that these investments help to improve the operations of the sales network and provide additional valueadded services to retain ourdistributors and their subdistributors.The following table lists by region the number of retail stores operated by distributors and subdistributors as of December 31, 2018:LocationAs ofDecember 31,2018Fujian6Guangdong2Guangxi3Jiangsu4Anhui2Chongqing4Tianjin3Hebei4Sichuan4Total3233Table of ContentsPricing PolicyWe sell our products to our distributors at uniform discounts from our suggested retail prices. We have a suggested retail price policy that applies to all our storesto help maintain brand image, ensure consistent pricing levels from region to region and prevent price competition among our distributors. In determining our pricingstrategies, we take into account market supply and demand, production cost and the prices of our competitors’ similar products. Our sales representatives collectand record the retail prices of our products sold by our retailers. We analyze the information collected and engage in discussions with our distributors to ensure thatthey follow our pricing policy. See “Franchised Stores” above.ProductionOriginally located in Shishi City in Fujian Province and started production in 2006, our production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China.The facility currently has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famoussportswear producers. Our production facility was operating at full capacity between 2009 and 2012. In 2014, we produced about 0.39 million units at the operatingcapacity of 19.5%; while in 2015,we produced about 0.48 million units at the operating capacity of 24%. In 2016, we produced about 0.54 million units at the operatingcapacity of 27%.In 2017 and 2018, we produced about 0.30 million and 0.49 million units at the operating capacity of 15% and 25%. Since 2011, we have been negotiating with the local government to acquire land use rights for our current facility consisting of 110,557 square meters. We obtaineda portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square meters and 2,440 square meters in March 2012 and May 2012, respectively, and have finishedthe construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factoryin year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with localresidents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. While we cannot guaranteewhen and whether the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land will be eventually completed, we believe we will be in a better position toschedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Once completed, our total production capacity of the facility isexpected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.All of the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers bear the brand name KBS. As of December 31, 2018, we had 3 ODM contractmanufacturers and 3 OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had 3 and 6 OEM contract manufacturers, respectively. Oursourcing strategy is based upon the quality of fabrics and workmanship that our customers expect from the KBS brand. The costs of our outsourced productionamounted to approximately $8.38 million, $10.94 million and$26.1 million for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, accounting forapproximately 27.3%, 31% and 66.8% of our total cost of sales in the respective periods.As of December 31, 2018, our principal ODM and OEM contract suppliers included the following:No.1Bai Tian Ni (Fujian) Clothing fabric Co. Ltd2Shishi Hua Lai Shi Clothing Co. Ltd3Jinjiang City Hongtawanheng trading Co. Ltd4Fujian Gumaite Clothing Technology Co. Ltd5Shishi Rongpeng Clothing Co. Ltd6Hubei Mingyuan Clothing Co. LtdWe are not materially reliant on any single ODM or OEM contract supplier.34Table of ContentsInventory ManagementWe recognize that controlling the level of inventory is important to our overall operational efficiency and cost control. Based on the purchase orders our distributorsand the department store chains place at our biannual sales fairs, we are able to anticipate the demand for our products in advance and plan ahead for our ownmanufacturing and the orders we will be required to place with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We generally plan purchases of raw materials and placemanufacturing orders with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers immediately after each of our two seasonal sales fairs, usually in May for our autumn andwinter products and in October for our spring and summer products, where we confirm sales orders with our distributors and department store chains. This enablesus and our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to have sufficient time, ranging from two to eight weeks, to produce the products and provide our productssuitable for a specific season to our distributors and department store chains on a justintime basis so as to minimize our inventory levels. The alternative way tocontrol cost is when if we have chance to buy materials which the price is much lower than market price, we will buy it in advance and give to OEM contractmanufactures use our material to produce.Quality ControlProduct quality control is a critical aspect of our business. Our dedicated quality control team performs various quality inspection and testing procedures, includingrandom sample testing at different stages of our production process, to ensure that our products meet or exceed the expectations of our consumers. We also performroutine product inspections on every batch of our products and sample testing to ensure consistent quality of our products, including semifinished and finishedproducts.We have implemented a centralized system for procurement and inspection of raw materials and ancillary components to help ensure a stable and high qualitysupply. Those materials and components that fail to meet our tests may be returned to the suppliers for replacement. Our quality control team also carries out qualitycontrol procedures on the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We conduct onsite inspections of our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers before we enter into business relationships with them. We also send our inhouse quality control staff onsite to our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers to monitor the entire production process. The initial product inspections are performed onsite by our staff before these products are shipped to ourheadquarters for further inspection and storage in our warehouse. We also provide technical training to ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to assist them withquality control of the production processes and inspect preproduction samples and finished products from ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We have notencountered any material disruptions to our business as a result of the failure of any of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to meet our quality standards.In order to further improve the quality of our products and shorten our delivery cycle, we intend to increase our control over the manufacturing process andproduction cycle of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers, primarily by requiring our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to implement stricter and morecomprehensive quality control procedures, which cover each stage of the production process, from raw material selection and procurement to finished productspackaging and delivery. We also intend to apply more stringent standards for inspecting products manufactured for us by our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers.Marketing and AdvertisingWe have conducted multichannel marketing campaigns to advertise our products to our target customers through advertising in newspapers, magazines, theInternet, and billboards, and organizing regular and frequent instore marketing activities and road shows.We have implemented strict requirements on our distributors with respect to the display and promotion of our products to ensure consistent branding and enhancemarketing results. Our distributors are required to ensure that our marketing strategies are implemented at the retail outlets managed or authorized by them, includingdisplaying our products according to our specifications and using our billboard advertisements. We also assign sales representatives to monitor the instoredisplays of our products at various retail outlets on a regular basis to help ensure that our retailers have followed our product display policies.In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 our total advertising and promotional expenses amounted to approximately $1.21 million, $1.59 million and $1.55million, respectively, which accounted for approximately 6.6%, 7.5% and 3.8% of our revenues in the respective periods.35Table of ContentsCompetitionThe menswear industry in China is a fragmented industry. Competition mainly comes from local market players such as Exceed, Xiniya, Zuoan and Cabbeen. Webelieves that we differentiate ourselves by providing more fashionable, youngerlooking and leisure products, and competitive pricing without giving up the casualfeel of our products.We compete primarily on the basis of product design, brand recognition, operational efficiency and a low cost structure. Some of our domestic competitors have astronger customer base, greater resources and more industry expertise than us. However, we believe that we can continue to successfully compete with our localcompetitors due to our unique product designs.Intellectual PropertyWe currently have the licenses to use two registered trademarks in the PRC.The registered trademarks on which we have licenses are the following:TrademarkRegistration No.Valid TermKBS4342760Jan 1, 2019 August 28, 2028Ka bi sports5462336March 14, 2010 March 12,2020We believe that these trademarks provide significant value as they are important for marketing and building brand recognition. We are not aware of any third partycurrently using trademarks similar to our trademarks in the PRC on the same products.InsuranceWe do not have any business liability, interruption or litigation insurance coverage for our operations in China. Insurance companies in China offer limited businessinsurance products. While business interruption insurance is available to a limited extent in China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of suchinsurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance.Therefore, we are subject to business and product liability exposure. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—We have limited insurance coverage inChina and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses.”RegulationBecause our primary operating subsidiaries are located in China, we are subject to China’s national and local laws detailed below. We believe that we are in materialcompliance with all registrations and requirements for the issuance and maintenance of all licenses required by the governing bodies and that all license fees andfilings are current. This section summarizes the major PRC regulations relating to our business.Regulations Relating to Foreign InvestmentInvestment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are mainly governed by the Guidance Catalog of Industries for Foreign Investment (2017 revision), or theCatalog, which was promulgated jointly by MOFCOM and the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, on June 28, 2017 and entered into forceon July 28, 2017. The Catalog divides industries into four categories in terms of foreign investment, which are “encouraged,” “restricted,” and “prohibited,” and allindustries that are not listed under one of these categories are deemed to be “permitted.” Establishment of wholly foreignowned enterprises is generally allowed inencouraged and permitted industries. Some restricted industries are limited to equity or contractual joint ventures, while in some cases Chinese partners are requiredto hold the majority interests in such joint ventures. In addition, foreign investment in restricted category projects is subject to government approvals. Foreigninvestors are not allowed to invest in industries in the prohibited category. Industries not listed in the Catalogue are generally open to foreign investment unlessspecifically restricted by other PRC regulations.36Table of ContentsIn June 2018, MOFCOM and NDRC promulgated the Special Management Measures (Negative List) for the Access of Foreign Investment, or the Negative List,effective July 2018. The Negative List expands the scope of permitted industries by foreign investment by reducing the number of industries that fall within theNegative List where restrictions on the shareholding percentage or requirements on the composition of board or senior management still exists. Foreign investmentin valueadded telecommunications services (except for ecommerce) falls within the Negative List.In October 2016, MOFCOM issued the Interim Measures for Recordfiling Administration of the Establishment and Change of Foreigninvested Enterprises, or FIERecordfiling Interim Measures, most recently amended in July 2017. Pursuant to FIE Recordfiling Interim Measures, the establishment and change of foreigninvested enterprises are subject to recordfiling procedures, instead of prior approval requirements, provided that such establishment or change does not involvespecial entry administration measures. If the establishment or change of foreigninvested enterprises matters involve the special entry administration measures, theapproval of the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterparts is still required.Regulations Relating to Product QualityThe principal legal provisions governing product liability are set forth in the PRC Product Quality Law, which was promulgated in February 1993 by the SCNPC andamended in July 2000 and August 2009.The PRC Product Quality Law stipulates the responsibilities and obligations of product sellers and producers. Violations of the PRC Product Quality Law may resultin the imposition of fines. In addition, the seller or producer may be ordered to suspend its operations, and its business license may be revoked. There may also bePART IPART IIPART III20F 1 f20f2018_kbsfashiongroup.htm FORM 20FUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F(Mark One)☐REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ___________ to ___________OR¨SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report:Commission file number: 00135715KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)Not Applicable(Translation of Registrant’s Name Into English)Republic of the Marshall Islands(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)Xin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of China(Address of Principal Executive Offices)Mr. Keyan Yan, Chief Executive OfficerXin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of ChinaTel: + (86) 595 8889 6198Fax: (86) 595 8850 5328(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of Each ClassName of Each Exchange On Which RegisteredCommon Stock, $0.0001 par valueNASDAQ Capital MarketSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.Units, Common Stock Purchase Warrants(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.None(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report(December 31, 2018): 2,271,299Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐No ☒If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of“large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large Accelerated Filer ☐Accelerated Filer ☐NonAccelerated Filer ☒Emerging Growth Company☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting StandardsCodification after April 5, 2012.Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:U.S. GAAP ☐International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting StandardsBoard ☒Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ☐ Item17 ☐Item 18If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒Annual Report on Form 20FYear Ended December 31, 2018TABLE OF CONTENTSPageITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS2A.Directors and Senior Management2B.Advisors2C.Auditors2ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE2A.Offer Statistics2B.Method and Expected Timetable2ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATION2A.Selected Financial Data2B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY24A.History and Development of the Company24B.Business Overview26C.Organizational Structure42D.Property, Plants and Equipment43ITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS44ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS44A.Principal Factors Affecting Financial Performance45B.Liquidity and Capital Resources50C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.51D.Trend Information51E.Off Balance Sheet Arrangements51F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations52G.Safe Harbor62ITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES63A.Directors and Senior Management63B.Compensation64C.Board Practices65D.Employees66E.Share Ownership66ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS67A.Major Shareholders67B.Related Party Transactions67C.Interests of Experts and Counsel67iTable of ContentsITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATION67A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information67B.Significant Changes68ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTING68A.Offer and Listing Details68B.Plan of Distribution68C.Markets68D.Selling Shareholders68E.Dilution68F.Expenses of the Issue68ITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATION69A.Share Capital69B.Memorandum and Articles of Association69C.Material Contracts71D.Exchange Controls71E.Taxation74F.Dividends and Paying Agents79G.Statement by Experts79H.Documents on Display79I.Subsidiary Information79ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK79ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES80A.Debt Securities80B.Warrants and Rights80C.Other Securities80D.American Depositary Shares80ITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES81ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS81ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES81A.Disclosure Controls and Procedures81B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting81C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm81D.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting82ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT82ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICS82ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES82ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES82ITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS83ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT83ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCE83ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE83ITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 19.EXHIBITS84iiTable of ContentsINTRODUCTORY NOTESUse of Certain Defined TermsExcept as otherwise indicated by the context and for the purposes of this report only, references in this report to:●“KBS,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” are to KBS Fashion Group Ltd., a company organized in the Republic of the Marshall Islands;●““KBS International,” refers to KBS International Holding Inc., a Nevada corporation, which was dissolved in August 2014;●“Hongri PRC,” refers to Hongri (Fujian) Sports Goods Co., Ltd., which is our wholly owned subsidiary organized in the PRC;●“Hongri International” are to Hongri International Holdings Limited, which is our wholly owned subsidiary and a company organized in the BVI;●“BVI” are to the British Virgin Islands;●“Hong Kong” are to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China;●“PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China;●“SEC” are to the Securities and Exchange Commission;●“Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;●“Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;●“Renminbi” and “RMB” are to the legal currency of China; and●“U.S. dollars,” “dollars” and “$” are to the legal currency of the United States.ForwardLooking InformationIn addition to historical information, this report contains forwardlooking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of theExchange Act. We use words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “target,” “plan,” “optimistic,” “intend,” “aim,” “will” or similar expressions whichare intended to identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, among others, those concerning market and industry segment growth and demandand acceptance of new and existing products; any projections of sales, earnings, revenue, margins or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategiesand objectives of management for future operations; and any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, as well as all assumptions,expectations, predictions, intentions or beliefs about future events. You are cautioned that any such forwardlooking statements are not guarantees of futureperformance and involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions, which, if they were to ever materialize or prove incorrect, could cause the results of theCompany to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forwardlooking statements. Potential risks and uncertainties include, among other things, thepossibility that we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues and profits due to our failure to anticipate consumer preferences and develop newmenswear products, our failure to execute our business expansion plan, changes in domestic and foreign laws, regulations and taxes, changes in economicconditions, uncertainties related to China’s legal system and economic, political and social events in China, a general economic downturn, a downturn in thesecurities markets, and other risks and uncertainties which are generally set forth under Item 3 “Key information—D. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and our other filings with the SEC. These reports attempt toadvise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects. The forwardlookingstatements made in this report speak only as of the date hereof and we disclaim any obligation, except as required by law, to provide updates, revisions oramendments to any forwardlooking statements to reflect changes in our expectations or future events.On February 3, 2017, approved by the shareholders, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen (1for15) reverse stock split of the Company’s issued andoutstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided that shareholders are entitled to receive the number ofshares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Stock Market on a splitadjusted basis when themarket opened on February 9, 2017. All references in this report to share and per share data have been adjusted, including historical data which have beenretroactively adjusted, to give effect to the reverse stock split unless specified otherwise.1Table of ContentsPART IITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERSA.Directors and Senior ManagementNot applicable.B.AdvisorsNot applicable.C.AuditorsNot applicable.ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLEA.Offer StatisticsNot applicable.B.Method and Expected TimetableNot applicable.ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATIONA.Selected Financial DataThe following table presents selected financial data regarding our business. It should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and relatednotes contained elsewhere in this annual report and the information under Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” The selected consolidatedstatements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, and the selected consolidated statements of financialposition data as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are included in this annual reportbeginning on page F1. The selected consolidated statements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the selectedconsolidated statements of financial position data as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements thatare not included in this annual report.Our consolidated financial statements were prepared and presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by theInternational Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The selected financial data information is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the historicalconsolidated financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere herein. The financial statements contained elsewhere fully represent our financial conditionand operations; however, they are not indicative of our future performance.2Table of ContentsYears ended December 31,20182017201620152014Statement of Income DataTotal revenue$18,535,116$23,762,536$41,200,205$61,343,681$58,832,481Total cost of sales(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)(46,511,274)(39,416,973)Gross profit(2,316,136)(11,511,816)2,158,27214,832,40719,415,508Distribution and selling expenses(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)(6,621,256)(7,191,606)Administrative expenses(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)2,798,082(4,649,229)Profit for the year(17,968,597)(14,815,596)(11,902,688)1,243,6706,876,982Total comprehensive income for the year(20,040,295)(10,004,880)(18,028,121)(4,801,102)6,526,172Outstanding shares2,299,9151,860,8311,750,1421,694,4891,694,489Earnings per share, basic diluted8.067.966.800.734.06Balance Sheet DataCash and cash equivalents$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,341$21,214,080$20,604,583Noncurrent assets29,837,87540,966,31934,754,94247,221,52952,929,386Current assets31,328,13140,343,38656,343,82362,098,95162,093,570Working capital24,463,44633,060,87748,647,18553,598,85452,704,076Total assets61,166,00681,309,70591,098,765109,310,480115,022,956Current liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,500,0979,389,493Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,503,5069,404,880Equity54,301,32174,027,19683,402,127100,816,974105,618,076B.Capitalization and IndebtednessNot applicable.C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of ProceedsNot applicable.D.Risk FactorsAn investment in our capital stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the otherinformation included in this annual report, before making an investment decision. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial conditionor results of operations could suffer. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.3Table of ContentsRISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSGeneral economic conditions, including a prolonged weakness in the economy, may affect consumer discretionary spending, which could adversely affect ourbusiness and financial performance.The apparel industry has historically been subject to substantial cyclical variations. Our business and financial performance are dependent on a number of factorsimpacting consumer discretionary spending, including general economic and business conditions; consumer confidence; wages and employment levels; thehousing market; consumer debt levels; availability of consumer credit; credit and interest rates; fuel and energy costs; energy shortages; taxes; general politicalconditions, both domestic and abroad. Consumer product purchases, including purchases of our products, may decline during recessionary periods. Our ability toaccess the capital markets may be restricted at a time when we would like, or need, to raise capital, which could impair on our ability to open additional stores orbuild additional manufacturing lines. In addition, as domestic and international economic conditions change, trends in consumer spending on discretionary items,including our merchandise, become unpredictable and subject to reductions due to economic uncertainties. A prolonged economic recovery or an uncertain outlookin the economy could result in additional declines in consumer discretionary spending, which could materially affect our financial performance.A contraction in apparel sales and production could impair our results of operations and liquidity and jeopardize our supply base.Apparel sales and production are cyclical and depend, among other things, on general economic conditions and consumer spending and preferences. As thevolume of apparel production fluctuates, the demand for our products also fluctuates. A contraction in apparel sales could harm our results of operations andliquidity. In addition, our suppliers would also be subject to many of the same consequences which could pressure their results of operations and liquidity.Depending on an individual supplier’s financial condition and access to capital, its viability could be challenged which could impact its ability to perform as weexpect and consequently our ability to meet our own commitments.If we are unable to anticipate consumer preferences and develop new menswear products, we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues andprofits.Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define apparel trends as well as to anticipate, gauge and react to changing consumer demands formenswear in a timely manner. Our target market of consumers comprises urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 with moderatetohigh levels of disposableincome. Our business is particularly sensitive to their fashion preferences, which cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumeracceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, and our future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes. If we failto anticipate accurately and respond to trends and shifts in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing product offerings, developing new products,designs, styles and categories, we could experience lower sales, excess inventories and lower profit margins. In a distressed economic and retail environment, manyof our competitors may engage in aggressive activities, such as markdowns or other promotional sales to dispose of excess, slowmoving inventory, furtherincreasing the need to react appropriately to changing consumer preferences and fashion trends. Failure to do so could adversely affect the level of acceptance ofour products, our brand image and our relationship with our distributors, and therefore have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results ofoperations.The apparel industry is highly competitive, and if we fail to compete effectively, we could lose our market position.The menswear industry is highly competitive in China and worldwide. We compete with various domestic brands with similar business models and target markets.We also compete with a growing number of international brands trying to expand their market share in China to take advantage of rising consumer spending oncasual menswear. Our primary international and domestic competitors include Exceed, Xiniya, Cabbeen, GXG and NQ. Some of our competitors are significantlylarger and have greater financial resources than we do. In order to compete effectively, we must: (1) maintain the image of our brands and our reputation forinnovation and high quality; (2) be flexible and innovative in responding to rapidly changing market demands on the basis of brand image, style, performance andquality; and (3) offer consumers a wide variety of high quality products at competitive prices.4Table of ContentsThe purchasing decisions of consumers are highly subjective and can be influenced by many factors, such as brand image, marketing programs and productfeatures. Some of our competitors enjoy competitive advantages, including greater brand recognition and greater financial resources for competitive activities, suchas sales, marketing and strategic acquisitions. The number of our direct competitors and the intensity of competition may increase as we expand into other productlines or as other companies expand into our product lines. Our competitors may enter into business combinations or alliances that strengthen their competitivepositions or prevent us from taking advantage of such combinations or alliances. Our competitors also may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than wecan to new or changing opportunities, standards or consumer preferences. Our results of operations and market position may be adversely impacted by ourcompetitors and the competitive pressures in the menswear industries.Failure to effectively promote or develop our brand could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.We sell all our products under the KBS brand, from which we derive most of our revenues. Brand image is an important factor that affects a customer’s purchasingdecision for menswear products. Our success therefore depends on, among other things, market recognition and acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture,lifestyle, and images associated with the brand, some of which may not be within our control. We have limited control over our distributors that we rely upon to sellour products, which may limit our ability to ensure a consistent brand image. See “Risks Factors Related to Our Business –We have limited control over the ultimateretail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhere to, or fail to cause the third party retail outletoperators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.” We began designing, promoting, and selling KBS branded products in China in 2006. To effectivelypromote KBS brand, we need build and maintain the brand image by focusing on a variety of promotional and marketing activities to promote brand awareness, aswell as to increase its presence in the markets in which we compete. There is no assurance that we will be able to effectively promote or develop KBS brand, and ifwe fail to do so, the goodwill of KBS brand may be undermined and our business as well as our financial results may be adversely affected. In addition, negativepublicity or disputes regarding KBS brand, products, company, or management could materially and adversely affect public perception of KBS brand. Any impact onour ability to continue to sell KBS brand or any significant damage to KBS brand’s image could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends on the continued service of our senior executives and other key employees. In particular, we rely on the expertise, experience,and business contacts, of Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ms. Lixia Tu, our Director and Chief Financial Officer and Mr. ThemisKalapotharakos, our director. If one or more of our senior executives are unable or unwilling to continue to work for us in their present positions, we may have tospend a considerable amount of time and resources searching, recruiting, and integrating the replacements into our operations, which would substantially divertmanagement’s attention from and severely disrupt the Company business. This may also adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategy. Moreover, ifany of our senior executives joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, suppliers and key employees.Failure to execute our business expansion plan could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.A large part of our initial growth resulted from an increase in the number of our retail sales outlets, including corporate and franchised stores, and the increased salesvolume and profitability provided by these sales outlets. The number of our sales outlets increased from 8 in 2006 to 33 in year 2018.5Table of ContentsWe have our factory located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China, consisting of an aggregate of 110,457 square meters of land. Currently the facility there has aproduction capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year and can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces original equipmentmanufacturer (OEM) products for online stores, regional apparel brands and overseas orders. The construction commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases:Phase 1 consists of the construction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We havecompleted the construction of facilities of Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Phase 3 construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has beendelayed because the local government needs additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Because the time forthe government to resolve this matter is uncertain, we wrote off the land use right of the third parcel of land from account balance, according to the internationalframework reporting standard. Phase 4 includes building production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quartersand living facilities on the third parcel of land. As a result, our commitments to this facility may reduce our liquidity for an indefinite period and until it is completed.We could also indefinitely lose opportunities to expand our sales due to any further delay of our construction.The decision to increase our production capacity was based in part on our projections of market demand for our products and OEM orders from other brand nameowners. If actual customer demand does not meet our projections, we will likely suffer overcapacity problems and may have to leave capacity idle or need to contractout our facilities at an unfavorable price, which may reduce our overall profitability and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our futuresuccess depends on our ability to expand the Company’s business to address growth in demand for our current and future products.Our ability to expand the Company’s business is subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including:●the unavailability of additional funding to invest more in brand recognition such as advertisement, expand our production capacity, purchase additionalfixed assets and purchase raw materials on favorable terms or at all;●our inability to manage an online shop, hire qualified personnel and establish distribution methods;●conditions in the commercial real estate market existing at the time we seek to expand;●delays and cost overruns as a result of a number of factors, many of which may be beyond our control, such as problems with equipment vendors andcontract manufacturers;●failure to maintain high quality control standards;●shortage of raw materials;●our inability to obtain, or delays in obtaining, required approvals by relevant government authorities;●diversion of significant management attention and other resources; and●failure to execute our expansion plan effectively.The expansion of our business may place significant strain on our personnel, management, financial systems and operational infrastructure and may impede ourability to meet any increased demand for our products. To accommodate the Company’s growth, we will need to implement a variety of new and upgradedoperational and financial systems, procedures, and controls, including improvements to our accounting and other internal management systems, by dedicatingadditional resources to our reporting and accounting function and improvements to our record keeping and contract tracking system. We will also need to recruitmore personnel and train and manage our growing employee base. Furthermore, we will need to maintain and expand relationships with our current and futurecustomers, suppliers, distributors and other third parties, and there is no guarantee that we will succeed.In the future, we also intend to invest more resources to research and purchase online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that we will have betteropportunities to expand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores. In addition, we will keep on exploring other areas and business models, such as theuse of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends.If we encounter any of the risks described above or if we are otherwise unable to establish or successfully operate online shops or additional production capacity,we may be unable to grow our business and revenues, reduce our operating costs, maintain our competitiveness or improve our profitability and, consequently, ourbusiness, financial condition, results of operations and prospects will be adversely affected.6Table of ContentsIf we are unable to fund capital expenditures or obtain additional sources of liquidity when we need it, our business may be adversely affected. In addition, ifwe obtain equity financing, the issuance of our equity securities could cause dilution for our stockholders. To the extent we obtain the financing through theissuance of debt securities, our debt service obligations could increase, and we may become subject to restrictive operating and financial covenants.We anticipate that we will make substantial capital investments to expand our business within the next 3 years. There is no assurance that we will have sufficientcash to fund our anticipated capital expenditures. If we need but are unable to obtain adequate financing with on terms favorable to us, we may be unable tosuccessfully maintain our operations and accomplish our growth strategy. In addition, we may be unable to generate sufficient cash internally or obtain alternativesources of capital to fund our proposed capital expenditures, take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures. As a result, we mayseek to sell additional equity securities, debt securities, or borrow from lending institutions. Any issuance of equity securities could cause dilution for ourstockholders. Any incurrence of indebtedness could increase our debt service obligations and cause us to be subject to restrictive operating and financecovenants. Our ability to obtain external financing in the future is also subject to a number of uncertainties, including:●Our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;●general market conditions for financing activities by companies in our industry;●economic, political and other conditions in China and elsewhere; and●uncertain economic prospect and tightened credit markets resulting from the recent global economic slowdown and financial market crisis.If we are unable to obtain funding in a timely manner or on commercially acceptable terms, or at all, our growth prospects and future profitability may be materiallyadversely affected. Adverse changes in the capital markets could make it difficult to obtain capital or obtain it at attractive rates.Our past results may not be indicative of our future performance and evaluating our business and prospects may be difficult.Our business has gone through various stages of the business life cycle in recent years as demonstrated by our growth in net sales, which reached $99.6 million forthe year ended December 31, 2013, while in 2014 our net sales decreased by 40% to $58.8 million and in year 2015 net sales went up slightly by 4.3% to $61.3 million,our net sales decreased by 32.8% to $41.2 million in 2016, net sales decreased 42% to $23.8 million in 2017 and net sales further decreased 22% to $18.53 million in2018. The decrease in sales in 2016, 2017 and 2018 as compared with 2013 was mainly due to the slowdown of the Chinese economic growth and a challenging retailenvironment. As a result, we cannot assure that we will be able to achieve similar growth in future periods as recent years before 2014, and our historical operatingresults may not provide a meaningful basis for evaluating our business, financial performance and prospects. Moreover, our ability to achieve satisfactoryproduction results at higher volumes is unproven. Therefore, you should not rely on our past results or our historical rate of growth as an indication of our futureperformance.We experience fluctuations in operating results.Our annual and quarterly operating results have fluctuated, and are expected to continue to fluctuate. Among the factors that may cause our operating results tofluctuate are customers’ response to merchandise offerings, the timing of the rollout of new sales outlets, seasonal variations in sales, the timing of merchandisereceipts, the level of merchandise returns, changes in merchandise mix and presentation, our cost of merchandise, unanticipated operating costs, and other factorsbeyond our control, such as general economic conditions and actions of competitors.We have historically experienced seasonal fluctuations in our sales. A substantial portion of our revenues are typically earned during the second and fourthquarters and we generally experience lowest revenues during the first and third quarters. If sales during the second and fourth quarters are lower than expected, ouroperating results would be adversely affected, and it would have a disproportionately large impact on our annual operating results. The sales of our products arealso affected by local spending behavior, which are typically affected by seasonal shopping patterns during major Chinese holidays.7Table of ContentsAs a result of these factors, we believe that periodtoperiod comparisons of historical and future results will not necessarily be meaningful and should not be reliedon as an indication of future performance.Our failure to collect the trade receivables or untimely collection could affect our liquidity.Our distributors place advance purchase orders twice a year. From 2015 to 2018, we typically expect and receive payment within 30180 days of product delivery. Inaddition, approximately 83.2% of accounts receivables are within a 180 days credit term. Starting in September 2015, we extended credit to some of our customers to150180 days without requiring collaterals. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of the financial condition of our customers and we generally require no collateralfrom our distributors and authorized retailers to secure their payment obligations. However, our sales going forward may rely more heavily on credit, and if weencounter future problems collecting amounts due from our clients or if we experience delays in the collection of amounts due from our clients, our liquidity could benegatively affected.The Chinese economy experienced a softening of economic growth, and the apparel industry is also facing a downturn. The impact of the current and possiblefuture economic downturn on our distributors cannot be predicted and may be severe, causing a significant impact on their business. As a result, our financialcondition and result of operations could be negatively affected. In addition, if they cannot continue their orders of our products due to the failure of paying us forits previous purchases, our brand image and reputation may be materially negatively affected as well.We rely on distributors for a substantial portion of our sales and the loss of any of our large distributors would harm our business. A substantial portion of our sales are made to distributors that resell our products. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, distributors accounted forapproximately 67% and 73% of our total sales, respectively, and our top five distributors accounted for approximately 23.8% and 34.8% of our total sales,respectively. The marketing efforts of our distributors are critical for our success. If we fail to attract additional distributors, and our existing distributors do notpromote our products at the same or at a greater level than the products of our competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could beadversely affected.Furthermore, there is no assurance that any of our distributors will satisfy the sales targets set forth in their distribution agreements and we or they may not wish torenew the distribution agreements in future years. Moreover, our distributors are not obliged to continue to place orders with the Company at the same level asbefore or at all and there is no assurance that we would be able to obtain orders from other distributors to replace any such lost sales on terms satisfactory to us orall. If any of our largest distributors substantially reduces its purchases from us, or otherwise fails to renew its distribution agreement with us, we may suffer asignificant loss of sales and our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We have limited control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhereto, or fail to cause the third party retail outlet operators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.We rely on the contractual obligations set forth in the distribution agreements that we enter into with our distributors, as well as policies and standards we formulatefrom time to time, to impose our retail policies on these distributors in respect of the franchisee retail outlets. In addition, as we do not enter into any agreementswith the third party retail outlet operators, we rely on our distributors to ensure that these franchisee retail outlets operate in accordance with our retail policies. Assuch, our control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and the franchisee retail outlet operators is limited. There is no assurance that our distributors orthe third party franchisee retail outlet operators will comply with, or that the distributors will enforce, our retail policies. As a result, we may not be able to effectivelymanage our sales network or maintain a uniform brand image, and cannot assure you that franchisee retail outlets would continue to offer quality services toconsumers.8Table of ContentsIn addition, if any of the distributors or third party franchisee retail outlet operators experiences difficulties in selling our products in the retail market, they mayattempt to disregard our pricing policies and liquidate their excessive inventory buildup through aggressive discounts, which may damage the image and the valueof our brand. There is no assurance that we will be able to, in a timely manner, impose penalties on or replace any distributors who consistently fail to comply with,or fail to cause the third party franchisee retail outlet operators appointed by them to comply with, our retail policies in their operation of franchisee retail outlets. Insuch event, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We may not be able to accurately track the inventory levels at our distributors, retailers or department store concessions.Our ability to track the sales by our distributors to thirdparty retailers and the ultimate retail sales by the retailers, and consequently their respective inventorylevels, is limited. We implement a policy to require our distributors to provide us with their sales reports on a weekly basis and we carry out random onsiteinspections of our distributors to track their inventories. The purpose of tracking the inventory level is mainly to gather information regarding the market acceptanceof our products so that we can reflect consumers’ preferences in the design and development of our products for the next season. The tracking of inventory levelalso helps us to understand the market recognition of our products in a particular region, and thus allows us to adjust our marketing strategy if necessary. Theimplementation of the policy, however, requires the distributors to accurately report the relevant data to us in a timely manner, which is largely dependent on thecooperation of the Company’s distributors. We may not always obtain the required data in time and the data provided to us by our distributors may be inaccurate orincomplete.Inaccurate, mistaken, incomplete or delayed data regarding inventory levels may mislead the Company to make wrong business judgments for its production,marketing efforts and sales strategies. If that happens, our operations and financial results may be materially adversely affected. In addition, if we cannot manageinventory levels properly, future orders of our products may be reduced, which would materially adversely affect our future business, financial condition, results ofoperation and prospects.Our operations could be materially adversely affected if we fail to effectively manage our relationships with, or lose the services of, our OEM contractmanufacturers.The production of our brand name products are 100% outsourced to PRCbased thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2018 and2017 we had 5 and 6 contract manufacturers, respectively. Purchases from our top five OEM contract manufacturers accounted for approximately 92% and 88.6% ofour total purchases for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As we do not enter into longterm contracts with our OEM contractmanufacturers, they may decide not to accept our future OEM orders on the same or similar terms, or at all. If an OEM contract manufacturer decides to substantiallyreduce its volume of supply to us or to terminate its business relationship with us, we may not be able to find a proper replacement in a timely manner and may beforced to default on the agreements with our distributors that sell our products. This may negatively impact our revenues and adversely affect our reputation andrelationships with our distributors that sell our products, causing a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.Further, if any of our OEM contract manufacturers fails to provide the required number of products meeting our quality standards, we may have to delay delivery ofproducts to our distributors, become unable to supply products at all, or even recall products previously dispatched. This could cause the Company to loserevenues or market share and damage our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operationsand prospects. In addition, some OEM contract manufacturers may not fully comply with certain laws, such as labor and environmental laws. If any of our OEMcontract manufacturers is found to have violated laws and regulations in the PRC, media reports on such violations may negatively affect our reputation and image,resulting in material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.9Table of ContentsWhile we provide the designs of our products to the OEM contract manufacturers, as well as guidance for manufacturing the products ordered by us, we do nothave direct control over the OEM contract manufacturers. If any of them is involved in unauthorized production and sale of goods using the KBS brand, ourreputation, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.As the Company grows, our reliance on OEM contract manufacturers may also grow as our added production capacity may not be sufficient to keep pace with theincreased production requirements driven by our growth. We may not be able to find sufficient additional OEM contract manufacturers to produce our products onthe same or similar terms as our existing OEM contract manufacturers, and we may not be able to achieve our growth and development goals.Any interruption in our operations could impair our financial performance and negatively affect our brand. Our operations are complicated and integrated, involving the coordination of thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers and external distribution processes. Whilethese operations are modified on a regular basis in an effort to improve outsourcing and distribution efficiency and flexibility, we may experience difficulties incoordinating the various aspects of our operations processes, thereby causing downtime and delays. In addition, we may encounter interruption in our operationsprocesses due to a catastrophic loss or events beyond our control, such as fires, explosions, labor disturbances or violent weather conditions. Any interruptions inour operations or capabilities at our facilities could result in our inability to procure our products, which would reduce our net sales and earnings for the affectedperiod. If there are delays in delivery times to our customers, our business and reputation could be severely affected. Any significant delays in deliveries to ourcustomers could lead to increased returns or cancellations and cause the Company to lose future sales. The Company currently does not have business interruptioninsurance to offset these potential losses, delays and risks so a material interruption of our business operations could severely damage our business.We rely heavily on our management information system for inventory management, distribution and other functions. If our system fail to perform thesefunctions adequately or if we experience an interruption in our operation, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. The efficient operation of our business is dependent on our management information systems. We rely heavily on our management information systems to manageour order entry, order fulfillment, pricing, pointofsale and inventory replenishment processes. We cannot assure you that our management information system will operate properly or without interruption. Any malfunction to any part or all of our managementinformation system for a prolonged period may cause delays in operations or impairment of our overall business efficiency. We also cannot ensure that the level ofsecurity currently maintained will be sufficient to protect the system from third party intrusions, viruses, lost or stolen data, or similar situations. Additionally, aspart of our growth and development strategy over the next few years, we plan to upgrade and improve our management information system. We cannot assure youthat there will be no interruptions to our management information system during the upgrades or that the new management information system will be able tointegrate fully with the existing information system. The failure of our management information system to perform as we anticipate could disrupt our business and could result in decreased revenue, increased overheadcosts and excess or outofstock inventory levels, causing our business and results of operations to suffer materially. Failure to protect the integrity, security and use of our customers’ information and media could expose us to litigation and materially damage our standingwith our customers. Increasing costs associated with information security — such as increased investment in technology, the costs of compliance with consumer protection laws andcosts resulting from consumer fraud — could cause our business and results of operations to suffer materially. While we have taken significant steps to protectcustomer and confidential information, including entering into confidentiality agreements with relevant employees and incorporate confidentiality clauses in ourpolicies, there can be no assurance that advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments will prevent thecompromise of our customer transaction processing capabilities and personal data. If any such compromise of our security were to occur, it could have a materialadverse effect on our reputation, operating results and financial condition. Any such compromise may materially increase the costs we incur to protect against suchinformation security breaches and could subject us to additional legal risk. Procurement specialists and managers are required to sign a confidentiality agreement. 10Table of ContentsWe have limited insurance coverage in China and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses. Operation of our facilities involves many risks, including equipment failures, natural disasters, industrial accidents, power outages, labor disturbances and otherbusiness interruptions. We do not carry any business interruption insurance, product recall or thirdparty liability insurance for our production facilities or withrespect to our products to cover claims pertaining to personal injury or property or environmental damage arising from defects in our products, product recalls,accidents on our property or damage relating to our operations. While business interruption insurance and other types of insurance are available to a limited extentin China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of such insurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commerciallyreasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Therefore, our existing insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all risks associatedwith our business. As a result, we may be required to pay for financial and other losses, damages and liabilities, including those caused by natural disasters andother events beyond our control, out of our own funds, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our inability to protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights may prevent us from successfully marketing our products and competingeffectively. We believe our trademarks and other intellectual property rights are important to our success and competitive position and recognize the importance of registeringthe trademarks related to our KBS brand for protection against infringement. We currently hold two registered trademarks. Failure to protect our intellectual propertycould harm our brand and our reputation, and adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. Further, enforcing or defending our intellectual property rights,including our trademarks, patents, copyrights and trade secrets, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. We produce, marketand sell our products under registered trademarks. We regard our intellectual property, particularly our trademarks and trade secrets to be of considerable value andimportance to our business and our success. We rely on a combination of trademark, patent, and trade secrecy laws, and contractual provisions to protect ourintellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect these proprietary rights will be adequate or that third parties will notinfringe or misappropriate our trademarks, trade secrets or similar proprietary rights. In addition, there can be no assurance that other parties will not assertinfringement claims against us, and we may have to pursue litigation against other parties to assert our rights. Any such claim or litigation could be costly, and wemay lack the resources required to defend against such claims. In addition, any event that would jeopardize our proprietary rights or any claims of infringement bythird parties could have a material adverse effect on our ability to market or sell our brands, and profitably exploit our products.Environmental regulations impose substantial costs and limitations on our operations. We use chemicals and produce significant emissions in our manufacturing operations. As such, we are subject to various national and local environmental laws andregulations in China concerning issues such as air emissions, wastewater discharges, and solid waste management and disposal. These laws and regulations canrestrict or limit our operations and expose us to liability and penalties for noncompliance. While we believe that our facilities are in material compliance with allapplicable environmental laws and regulations, the risks of substantial unanticipated costs and liabilities related to compliance with these laws and regulations arean inherent part of our business. It is possible that future conditions may develop, arise or be discovered that create new environmental compliance or remediationliabilities and costs. While we believe that we can comply with existing environmental legislation and regulatory requirements and that the costs of compliance havebeen included within budgeted cost estimates, compliance may prove to be more limiting and costly than anticipated.We may be unable to establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, and, as a result, we may be unable to accuratelyreport our financial results or prevent fraud.We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities law. The SEC as required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (“SOX 404”), adoptedrules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal control over financial reporting in its annual report, which mustalso contain management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, the independent registered publicaccounting firm auditing the financial statements of a company that is not a nonaccelerated filer under Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act must also attest to theoperating effectiveness of the company’s internal controls.11Table of ContentsFailure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could result in our inability to accurately report our financial results, prevent or detect fraudor provide timely and reliable financial and other information pursuant to the reporting obligations we have as a public company, which could have a materialadverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, it could cause our investors to lose confidence in the information we report,which could adversely affect our stock price.RISKS RELATED TO DOING BUSINESS IN CHINAOur business operation may be affected if we are forced to relocate our manufacturing facilities and stores.We leased the premises for our office located in Shishi and one corporate store. However, none of our lease agreements have been registered with the relevantgovernmental agencies. According to our PRC legal counsel, without registration, our rights to use and occupy the premises may not be secured if any third partiessuch as other tenants who have registered their lease agreements challenge us under PRC law. Moreover, while we have taken various measures to verify theownership of property such as checking utility bills and search government records, most of our landlords have declined to confirm whether they possess theproperty ownership certificates and land use rights certificates for our properties. As a result, we have been unable to verify whether third parties may assert theirownership rights under PRC law against most of our landlords or challenge most of our leases in the future. If our rights to use the premises are challenged, we maybe forced to relocate to other premises. We may not be able to relocate to a suitable premise promptly or lease alternative premises on terms at least as favorable asour existing ones. In addition, relocation costs and interruption of production may have a material adverse effect on our business operation and financialperformance.Changes in the economic and political policies of the PRC government could have a material and adverse effect on our business and operations.We conduct substantially all our business operations in China. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are significantly dependenton economic and political developments in China. China’s economy differs from the economies of developed countries in many aspects, including the level ofdevelopment, growth rate and degree of government control over foreign exchange and allocation of resources. While China’s economy has experienced significantgrowth in the past 30 years, the growth has been uneven across different regions and periods and among various economic sectors in China. We cannot assure youthat China’s economy will continue to grow, or that if there is growth, such growth will be steady and uniform, or that if there is a slowdown, such slowdown will nothave a negative effect on its business and results of operations.The PRC government exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, control over payment of foreign currencydenominated obligations, implementation of monetary policy, and preferential treatment of particular industries or companies. Certain measures adopted by the PRCgovernment may restrict loans to certain industries, such as changes in the statutory deposit reserve ratio and lending guidelines for commercial banks by thePeople’s Bank of China, or PBOC. These current and future government actions could materially affect our liquidity, access to capital, and ability to operate ourbusiness.The global financial markets experienced significant disruptions in 2008 and the United States, Europe and other economies went into recession. Since 2012, growthof the Chinese economy has slowed. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources.Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy but may also have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operation could bematerially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, any stimulusmeasures designed to boost the Chinese economy, may contribute to higher inflation, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.See “Risks Related to Doing Business in China Future inflation in China may inhibit our ability to conduct business in China.”12Table of ContentsUncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the legal protections available to you and us.We conduct substantially all of our business through our operating subsidiaries in the PRC. Our operating subsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulationsapplicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws applicable to foreigninvested enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes, andprior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, a series of new PRC laws and regulations have significantlyenhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, since the PRC legal system continues to evolve rapidly, theinterpretations of many laws, regulations, and rules are not always uniform, and enforcement of these laws, regulations, and rules involve uncertainties, which maylimit legal protections available to you and us. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources andmanagement attention. In addition, most of our executive officers and directors are residents of China and not of the United States, and substantially all the assets ofthese persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it could be difficult for investors to affect service of process in the United States or to enforce ajudgment obtained in the United States against our Chinese operations and subsidiaries.You may have difficulty enforcing judgments against us.Most of our assets are located outside of the United States and most of our current operations are conducted in the PRC. In addition, most of our directors andofficers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons is located outside the UnitedStates. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce inU.S. courts judgments on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, most of whom are not residents inthe United States and the substantial majority of whose assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts ofthe PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts. Our counsel as to PRC law has advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgmentsare provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. Courts in China may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRCCivil Procedures Law based on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have anytreaties or other arrangements that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments with the United States. In addition, according to thePRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violatesbasic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security, or the public interest. So, it is uncertain whether a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by acourt in the United States.The PRC government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities.The PRC government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and stateownership. Our ability to operate in China may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, import and export tariffs,environmental regulations, land use rights, property, and other matters. We believe that our operations in China are in material compliance with all applicable legaland regulatory requirements. However, the central or local governments of the jurisdictions in which we operate may impose new, stricter regulations orinterpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations orinterpretations.Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision not to continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more centrally plannedeconomy or regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant effect on economic conditions in China or particularregions thereof and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then hold in Chinese properties or joint venturesRestrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our sales effectively. The majority of our sales will be settled in RMB and U.S. dollars, and any future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit our ability to use revenue generated inRMB to fund any future business activities outside China or to make dividend or other payments in U.S. dollars. Although the Chinese government introducedregulations in 1996 to allow greater convertibility of the RMB for current account transactions, significant restrictions still remain, including primarily the restrictionthat foreigninvested enterprises may only buy, sell or remit foreign currencies after providing valid commercial documents, at those banks in China authorized toconduct foreign exchange business. In addition, conversion of RMB for capital account items, including direct investment and loans, is subject to governmentalapproval in China, and companies are required to open and maintain separate foreign exchange accounts for capital account items. We cannot be certain that theChinese regulatory authorities will not impose more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of the RMB in the future.13Table of ContentsFluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.The value of our securities will be indirectly affected by the foreign exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and RMB and between those currencies and othercurrencies in which our sales may be denominated. Appreciation or depreciation in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial resultsreported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations. Fluctuations in the exchange rate will alsoaffect the relative value of any dividend we issue that will be exchanged into U.S. dollars, as well as earnings from, and the value of, any U.S. dollardenominatedinvestments we make in the future.Since July 2005, the RMB has no longer been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Since then the RMB has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly andunpredictably, and in recent years the RMB has depreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progresstowards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate systemand there is no guarantee that the RMB will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how marketforces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future.Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedgingtransactions. While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited, and we may not beable to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition, our foreign currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrictour ability to convert RMB into foreign currencies. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends and other distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you, and otherwise fund and conduct our business. Substantially all of our sales are earned by our PRC subsidiaries. However, PRC regulations restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make dividends and otherpayments to their offshore parent companies. PRC legal restrictions permit payments of dividends by our PRC subsidiaries only out of their accumulated aftertaxprofits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are also required under PRC laws and regulations toallocate at least 10% of their annual aftertax profits determined in accordance with PRC GAAP to a statutory general reserve fund until the amounts in said fundreaches 50% of their registered capital. Allocations to these statutory reserve funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not transferable to us in the formof loans, advances, or cash dividends. Any limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to transfer funds to us could materially and adversely limit our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends and otherwise fund and conduct our business.PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary toliability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital ordistribute profits.SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing andRoundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as “SAFECircular 75” promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of the SAFE in connection with theirdirect establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets orequity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a “special purpose vehicle.” SAFE Circular 37 furtherrequires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capitalcontributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in aspecial purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profitdistributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent crossborder foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted inits ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described abovecould result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for theForeign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015 by SAFE, local banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration foroverseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under SAFE Circular 37 from June 1, 2015.14Table of ContentsAccording to SAFE Circular 37, our shareholders or beneficial owners, who are PRC residents, are subject to SAFE Circular 37 or other foreign exchangeadministrative regulations in respect of their investment in our company. We have notified substantial beneficial owners of ordinary shares who we know are PRCresidents of their filing obligations. Nevertheless, we may not be aware of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. We do not havecontrol over our beneficial owners and there can be no assurance that all of our PRCresident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE Circular 37 and subsequentimplementation rules, and there is no assurance that the registration under SAFE Circular 37 and any amendment will be completed in a timely manner, or will becompleted at all. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their foreign exchange registrations in a timely manner pursuant toSAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with theregistration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to fines andlegal sanctions. Such failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiary and limitour PRC subsidiary’s ability to distribute dividends to our company. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and resultsof operations.Furthermore, SAFE Circular 37 is unclear how this regulation, and any future regulation concerning offshore or crossborder transactions, will be interpreted,amended and implemented by the relevant PRC government authorities, and we cannot predict how these regulations will affect our business operations or futurestrategy. Failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRCsubsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to us. These risks could in the future have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results ofoperations.We may be unable to complete a business combination transaction efficiently or on favorable terms due to complicated merger and acquisition regulationswhich became effective on September 8, 2006.On August 9, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the China Securities Regulatory Commission, promulgated the Regulation on Mergers and Acquisitionsof Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006, and was subsequently amended in 2009. This regulation, among otherthings, governs the approval process of a PRC company’s participation in an acquisition of assets or equity interests. Depending on the structure of the transaction,the regulation requires the PRC parties to make a series of applications and supplemental applications to the government agencies for approval of acquisition ofassets or equity interests from other entity. In some instances, the application process may require a presentation of economic data concerning the transaction,including appraisals of the target business and evaluations of the acquirer, which are designed to allow the government to assess viability of the transaction.Government approvals will have expiration dates, by which a transaction must be completed and reported to the government agencies. Compliance with theregulation is likely to be more time consuming and expensive than it was in the past, and provides the government more controls over business combination of twoenterprises. As a result, our ability to engage in business combination transactions has become significantly more complicated, time consuming, and expensive. Wemay not be able to negotiate a transaction that is acceptable to our stockholders or sufficiently protect their interests in a transaction.The regulation allows PRC governmental agencies to assess the economic terms of a business combination transaction. Parties to a business combinationtransaction may have to submit to MOFCOM and other relevant government agencies an appraisal report, an evaluation report, and the acquisition agreement, all ofwhich were a part of the application for approval, depending on the structure of the transaction. The regulation also prohibits a transaction with an acquisition priceobviously lower than the appraised value of the PRC business or assets and in certain transaction structures, and requires consideration being paid within a definedperiod, generally not in excess of a year. The regulation also limits our ability to negotiate various terms of the acquisition, including the initial consideration,contingent consideration, holdback provisions, indemnification provisions, and provisions related to the assumption and allocation of assets and liabilities.Transaction structures involving trusts, nominees and similar entities are prohibited. Therefore, such regulation may impede our ability to negotiate and complete abusiness combination transaction on financial terms that satisfy our investors and protect our stockholders’ economic interests.15Table of ContentsPRC regulation of loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion mayrestrict or prevent us from using the proceeds of our future financings to make loans to our PRC subsidiaries, or to make additional capital contributions toour PRC subsidiary.We, as an offshore holding company, are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC subsidiary, which are treated as foreigninvestedenterprises under PRC laws, through loans or capital contributions. However, loans by us to any PRC subsidiary to finance its activities cannot exceed statutorylimits and must be registered with the local counterpart of SAFE and capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary are subject to the requirement of making necessaryfilings in the Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System, and registration with other governmental authorities in China.SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital ofForeigninvested Enterprises, or Circular 19, effective on June 1, 2015, in replacement of the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvementof the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign Invested Enterprises, or Circular 142, the Notice from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Exchange Businesses, or Circular 59, and theCircular on Further Clarification and Regulation of the Issues Concerning the Administration of Certain Capital Account Foreign Exchange Businesses, orCircular 45. According to Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of a foreigninvestedcompany is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans, the repayment of interenterprise loans or the repayment ofbank loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of aforeign invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within the PRC, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFEwill permit such capital to be used for equity investments in the PRC in actual practice. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, whichreiterates some of the rules set forth in Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registeredcapital of a foreigninvested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to grant loans to nonassociated enterprises.Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. Circular 19 and Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer anyforeign currency we hold, including the net proceeds from our future financings, to our PRC subsidiary, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability tofund and expand our business in the PRC.Due to the restrictions imposed on loans in foreign currencies extended to any PRC domestic companies, we are not likely to make such loans to any of our PRCsubsidiaries. Meanwhile, we are not likely to finance the activities of our subsidiaries by means of capital contributions given the restrictions on foreign investmentin the businesses that are currently conducted by our subsidiaries.In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannotassure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, withrespect to future loans to our PRC subsidiary or any consolidated variable interest entity or future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiary. As a result,uncertainties exist as to our ability to provide prompt financial support to our PRC subsidiaries when needed. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain suchapprovals, our ability to use foreign currency, including the proceeds we received from our future financings, and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operationsmay be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.16Table of ContentsAny failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal oradministrative sanctions.Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas nonpubliclylisted companies may submit applications to SAFE orits local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. In the meantime, our directors, executive officers andother employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year, subject to limitedexceptions, and who have been granted restricted shares, options or restricted share units, or RSUs, by us or our overseas listed subsidiaries may follow the Noticeon Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company,issued by SAFE in February 2012, to apply for the foreign exchange registration. According to those regulations, employees, directors and other managementmembers participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC citizens residing in China for acontinuous period of not less than one year, subject to limited exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which may be aPRC subsidiary of the overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines andlegal sanctions and may also limit their ability to make payment under the relevant equity incentive plans or receive dividends or sales proceeds related thereto inforeign currencies, or our ability to contribute additional capital into our domestic subsidiaries in China and limit our domestic subsidiaries’ ability to distributedividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties under PRC law that could restrict our ability or the ability of our overseas listed subsidiaries to adoptadditional equity incentive plans for our directors and employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period ofnot less than one year, subject to limited exceptions.In addition, the State Administration of Taxation has issued circulars concerning employee share options, restricted shares or RSUs. Under these circulars,employees working in the PRC who exercise share options, or whose restricted shares or RSUs vest, will be subject to PRC individual income tax. The PRCsubsidiaries of an overseas listed company have obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authoritiesand to withhold individual income taxes of those employees related to their share options, restricted shares or RSUs. If the employees fail to pay, or the PRCsubsidiaries fail to withhold, their income taxes according to relevant laws, rules and regulations, the PRC subsidiaries may face sanctions imposed by the taxauthorities.Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a “resident enterprise” of China. Such classification will likely result in unfavorable taxconsequences to us and our nonPRC shareholders.On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress of China passed a new Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law. On November 28, 2007, the State Council ofChina passed its implementing rules, which took effect on January 1, 2008. Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto managementbodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise,” meaning that it can be treated in a manner similar to a Chinese enterprise for enterprise income taxpurposes. The implementing rules of the EIT Law define de facto management as “substantial and overall management and control over the production andoperations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise.On April 22, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice Concerning Relevant Issues Regarding Cognizance of Chinese Investment ControlledEnterprises Incorporated Offshore as Resident Enterprises. According to the Criteria of de facto Management Bodies, or the Notice, further interprets the applicationof the EIT Law and its implementation nonChinese enterprise or group controlled offshore entities. Pursuant to the Notice, an enterprise incorporated in an offshorejurisdiction and controlled by a Chinese enterprise or group will be classified as a “nondomestically incorporated resident enterprise” if (i) its senior management incharge of daily operations reside or perform their duties mainly in China; (ii) its financial or personnel decisions are made or approved by bodies or persons in China;(iii) its substantial assets and properties, accounting books, corporate chops, board and shareholder minutes are kept in China; and (iv) at least half of its directorswith voting rights or senior management often resident in China. A resident enterprise would be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on its worldwideincome and must pay a withholding tax at a rate of 10%, when paying dividends to its nonPRC shareholders. However, it remains unclear as to whether the Notice isapplicable to an offshore enterprise incorporated by a Chinese natural person, nor detailed measures on imposition of tax from nondomestically incorporatedresident enterprises are available. Therefore, it is unclear how tax authorities will determine tax residency based on the facts of each case.17Table of ContentsWe may be deemed to be a resident enterprise by Chinese tax authorities. If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for the PRCenterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on financingproceeds and nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although, under the EIT Law and its implementingrules, dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued a guidance with respect to the processingof outbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for the PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidanceissued with respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation, which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to ournonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC stockholders from transferring our shares.Our failure to fully comply with PRC laws relating to social insurance and housing accumulation fund may expose it to potential administrative penalties. The PRC laws and regulations require all employers in China to fully contribute their own portion to the social insurance and housing accumulation funds for theiremployees within a certain period of time. Failure to do so may expose the employers to make rectification for the unpaid contributions by the relevant laborauthority. As of the date of this report, Hongri PRC has not paid housing accumulation funds for its employees. In addition, Hongri PRC failed to make contributions to thesocial insurance in full amount for its employees before 2014. PRC governmental authorities may impose penalties on Hongri PRC for failure to comply. In addition, inthe event that any current or former employee files a complaint with the PRC government, Hongri PRC may be subject to making up the contributions to the socialinsurance and housing accumulation funds as well as paying administrative fines. The total cost of these contributions and any related fines or penalties could besignificant and could have a material adverse effect on our working capital. We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Chinese anticorruption laws, and any determination that we violated these lawscould have a material adverse effect on our business. We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act, or FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and theirofficials and political parties by U.S. persons and issuers as defined by the statute, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have operations,agreements with third parties, and make most of our sales in China. The PRC also strictly prohibits bribery of government officials. Our activities in China create therisk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company, even though they may not alwaysbe subject to our control. It is our policy to implement safeguards to discourage these practices by our employees. However, our existing safeguards and any futureimprovements may prove to be less than effective, and the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company may engage in conduct for whichwe might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA or Chinese anticorruption laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to otherliabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the U.S. government may seek to hold our Companyliable for successor liability FCPA violations committed by companies in which we invest or that we acquire. If we become directly subject to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.listed Chinese companies, we may have to expendsignificant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations, stock price and reputation, and could result in a loss ofyour investment in our stock, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favorably. In the past few years, U.S. publicly traded companies that have substantially all of their operations in China, particularly companies like us have been the subject ofintense scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators, and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism,and negative publicity has centered around financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, lacking effective internal controls over financial accounting,inadequate corporate governance policies or lacking of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, criticism, and negativepublicity, the publicly traded stocks of many U.S. listed Chinese companies have sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, have become virtually worthless.Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions, and are conducting internal and external investigations into theallegations. It is not clear the effect of this sectorwide scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity will have on our Company, our business, and our stock price. If webecome the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources toinvestigate such allegations defending our Company. This situation will be costly, time consuming, and distract our management from growing our company.18Table of ContentsThe disclosures in our reports and other filings with the SEC and our other public pronouncements will not be subject to the scrutiny of any regulatory bodiesin the PRC. Accordingly, our public disclosure should be reviewed in light of the fact that no governmental agency that is located in China where all of ouroperations and business are located have conducted any due diligence on our operations or reviewed or cleared any of our disclosure. Unlike public reporting companies whose operations are located primarily in the United States, however, all of our operations will be located in China. Since all of ouroperations and business takes place in China, it may be more difficult for the Staff of the SEC to overcome the geographic and cultural obstacles that are presentwhen reviewing our disclosure. These same obstacles are not present for similar companies whose operations or business take place entirely or primarily in theUnited States. Furthermore, our SEC reports and other disclosure and public pronouncements are not subject to the review or scrutiny of any PRC regulatoryauthority. For example, the disclosure in our SEC reports and other filings are not subject to the review of the CSRC, a PRC regulator that is tasked with oversight ofthe capital markets in China. Accordingly, you should review our SEC reports, filings and our other public pronouncements with the understanding that no localregulator has done any due diligence on our company and with the understanding that none of our SEC reports, other filings or any of our other publicpronouncements has been reviewed or otherwise been scrutinized by any local regulator. Proceedings instituted by the SEC against five PRCbased accounting firms could result in financial statements being determined to be not in compliance withthe requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.In December 2012, the SEC instituted proceedings under Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) of the SEC’s Rules of Practice against five PRCbased accounting firms alleging that thesefirms had violated U.S. securities laws and the SEC’s rules and regulations thereunder by failing to provide to the SEC the firms’ work papers related to their audits ofcertain PRCbased companies that are publicly traded in the United States. Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) grants to the SEC the authority to deny to any person, temporarily orpermanently, the ability to practice before the SEC who is found by the SEC, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, to have willfully violated, or willfully aidedand abetted the violation of, any such laws or rules and regulations. On January 22, 2014, an initial administrative law decision was issued, sanctioning four of theseaccounting firms and suspending them from practicing before the SEC for a period of six months. The sanction will not take effect until there is an order ofeffectiveness issued by the SEC. In February 2014, four of these PRCbased accounting firms filed a petition for review of the initial decision. In February 2015, eachof these four accounting firms agreed to a censure and to pay fine to the SEC to settle the dispute with the SEC. The settlement stays the current proceeding for fouryears, during which time the firms are required to follow detailed procedures to seek to provide the SEC with access to Chinese firms’ audit documents via the CSRC.If a firm does not follow the procedures, the SEC would impose penalties such as suspensions, or commence a new, expedited administrative proceeding against thenoncompliant firm or it could restart the administrative proceeding against all four firms.If our independent registered public accounting firm were denied, temporarily or permanently, the ability to practice before the SEC, and we are unable to find in atimely manner another registered public accounting firm which can audit and issue a report on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determinedto not be in compliance with the requirements for financial statements of public companies with a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the SEC’s revocation of the registration of our common stock under theExchange Act, which would cause the immediate delisting of our common stock from the NASDAQ Capital Market, and the effective termination of the tradingmarket for our common stock in the United States, which would likely have a significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.19Table of ContentsOur holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should we decide inthe future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depend upon the receipts of dividends or other payments fromour operating subsidiaries, other holdings, and investments. In addition, our operating subsidiaries, from time to time, may be subject to restrictions on their abilityto make distributions to us, including as a result of restrictive covenants in loan agreements, restrictions on the conversion of local currency into U.S. dollars orother hard currency, and other regulatory restrictions as discussed below. If future dividends are paid in RMB, fluctuations in the exchange rate for conversion ofRMB into U.S. dollars may reduce the amount received by the U.S. stockholders upon conversion of dividend payments into U.S. dollars.Chinese regulations currently permit the payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards andregulations. Our subsidiaries in China are also required to set aside a portion of their aftertax profits to fund certain reserve funds according to the Chineseaccounting standards and regulations. Currently, our subsidiaries in China are the only sources of revenues or investment holdings for the payment of dividends. Ifthey do not accumulate sufficient profits under Chinese accounting standards and regulations to satisfy certain reserve funds as required by the Chineseaccounting standards, we will be unable to pay any dividends.Aftertax profits/losses with respect to the payment of dividends from accumulated profits and the annual appropriation of aftertax profits as calculated pursuant tothe Chinese accounting standards and regulations do not result in significant differences as compared to aftertax earnings as presented in our financial statements.However, there are certain differences between PRC accounting standards and regulations and U.S. GAAP, arising from different treatment of items such asamortization of intangible assets and change in fair value of contingent consideration rising from business combinations.RISKS RELATED TO THIS OFFERING AND THE MARKET FOR OUR SECURITIES GENERALLYIf we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of NASDAQ, we would face possible delisting, which would result in a limited public market for ourshares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Our common stock is traded and listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “KBSF.” The common stock may be delisted if we fail to maintain certainNasdaq listing requirements. For instance, companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bidprice per share of $1.00 for 30 consecutive business days. On March 3, 2016, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the 30 consecutive businessdays between January 20, 2016 and March 2, 2016, the bid price of our common stock closed below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQListing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued inclusion on The NASDAQ Capital Market. In accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we had an initial graceperiod of 180 calendar days, or until August 30, 2016, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. After the Company effectuated a oneforfifteenreverse stock split of the outstanding common stock, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq on February 27, 2017 stating that because the Company maintainedthe closing bid price of its common stock at $1.00 per share or greater from February 9 to February 24, 2017, they determined that the Company has regainedcompliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement.We cannot ensure you that we will continue to comply with the requirements for continued listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If our commonstock is no longer listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market, our shares would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our shares could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, andsecurity analysts’ coverage of us may be reduced. In addition, in the event our shares are delisted, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed uponthem, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions in our shares, further limiting the liquidity of our shares. These factors could result in lowerprices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our shares. Such delisting from The NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our shareprice could also greatly impair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing, and could significantly increase the ownershipdilution to shareholders caused by our issuing equity in financing or other transactions.20Table of ContentsIf we were delisted from NASDAQ, we may become subject to the trading complications experienced by “Penny Stocks” in the overthecounter market.Delisting from NASDAQ may cause our shares of common stock to become the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. The SEC generally defines a penny stock as an equitysecurity that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. One such exemption is tobe listed on NASDAQ. The market price of our common stock is currently higher than $1.00 per share. However, because the daily trading volume in our commonstock is very low, significant price movement can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Therefore, were we to be delisted from NASDAQ,our common stock may become subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. These rules require, among other things, that any broker engaging in a purchase or sale ofour securities provide its customers with: (i) a risk disclosure document, (ii) disclosure of market quotations, if any, (iii) disclosure of the compensation of the brokerand its salespersons in the transaction and (iv) monthly account statements showing the market values of our securities held in the customer’s accounts. A brokerwould be required to provide the bid and offer quotations and compensation information before effecting the transaction. This information must be contained on thecustomer’s confirmation. Generally, brokers are less willing to effect transactions in penny stocks due to these additional delivery requirements. These requirementsmay make it more difficult for shareholders to purchase or sell our shares. Because the broker, not us, prepares this information, we would not be able to assure thatsuch information is accurate, complete or current.Trading in our shares over the last three months has been very limited, so our stock price is highly volatile, leading to the possibility that you may not be able tosell as much stock as you want at prevailing prices.Because approximately 70% of our then issued and outstanding shares of common stock was tendered in the tender offering closed on July 29, 2014, we currentlyhave a limited amount of shares eligible for public trading. The average daily trading volume in our common stock over the last three months is very limited. If limitedtrading in our common stock continues, it may be difficult for investors to sell their shares in the public market at any given time at prevailing prices. Moreover, themarket price for shares of our common stock may be made more volatile because of the relatively low volume of trading in our common stock. When trading volumeis low, significant price movement of our common stock can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Volatility in our common stock couldcause stockholders to incur substantial losses.Numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly.There are numerous additional factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly. Thesefactors include:●our earnings releases, actual or anticipated changes in our earnings, fluctuations in our operating results or our failure to meet the expectations of financialmarket analysts and investors;●changes in financial estimates by us or by any securities analysts who might cover our shares;●speculation about our business in the press or the investment community;●significant developments relating to our relationships with our customers or suppliers;●stock market price and volume fluctuations of other publicly traded companies and, in particular, those that are in our industries;●customer demand for our products;●investor perceptions of our industry in general and our company in particular;●the operating and stock performance of comparable companies;●general economic conditions and trends;●major catastrophic events;●announcements by us or our competitors of new products, significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships or divestitures;●changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretation or principles;●loss of external funding sources;●sales of our shares, including sales by our directors, officers or significant shareholders; and●additions or departures of key personnel.21Table of ContentsSecurities class action litigation is often instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their share price. This type of litigation could result insubstantial costs to us and divert our management’s attention and resources. Moreover, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price andvolume fluctuations for reasons unrelated to operating performance of particular companies. For example, in July 2008, the securities markets in the United States,China and other jurisdictions experienced the largest decline in share prices since September 2001. These market fluctuations may adversely affect the price of ourshares and other interests in our company at a time when you want to sell your interest in us.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and do not anticipate paying any cashdividends on our shares. Accordingly, investors must be prepared to rely on sales of their shares after price appreciation to earn an investment return, which maynever occur. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our shares. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion ofour Board of Directors, and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable laws, and otherfactors our board deems relevant.Certain of our shareholders hold a significant percentage of our outstanding voting securities.Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, is the beneficial owner of approximately 37% of our outstanding voting securities. As a result, hepossesses significant influence and can elect a majority of our board of directors and authorize or prevent proposed significant corporate transactions. Hisownership and control may also have the effect of delaying or preventing a future change in control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other businesscombination or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer.Our outstanding warrants may adversely affect the market price of our shares of common stock.There are currently 393,836 warrants outstanding. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50. The sale orpossibility of sale of the shares underlying the warrants could have an adverse effect on the market price for our shares of common stock or our ability to obtainfuture financing. If and to the extent these warrants are exercised, you may experience dilution to your holdings.You will not be able to exercise your redeemable warrants if we do not have an effective registration statement and a prospectus in place when you desire to doso.No redeemable warrants will be exercisable, and we will not be obligated to issue shares of common stock upon exercise of redeemable warrants by a holder unless,at the time of such exercise, we have a registration statement or posteffective amendment under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuableupon the exercise of the redeemable warrants and a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Under the terms of a redeemable warrant agreementbetween American Stock Transfer & Trust Company as warrant agent, and us, we have agreed to use our best efforts to have a registration statement in effectcovering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants from the date the redeemable warrants become exercisable and to maintain acurrent prospectus relating to shares of common stock until the redeemable warrants expire or are redeemed, and to take such action as is necessary to qualify theshares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants for sale in those states in which the IPO was initially qualified. However, we cannotassure you that we will be able to do so. We may be unable to have a registration statement in effect covering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of theredeemable warrants or to maintain a current prospectus relating to such shares of common stock if, for example, we lack the current financial statements necessaryto be included in such registration statement or prospectus. We have no obligation to settle the redeemable warrants for cash, in any event, and the redeemablewarrants may not be exercised and we will not deliver securities therefor in the absence of an effective registration statement and a prospectus available for use. Theredeemable warrants may be deprived of any value, the market for the redeemable warrants may be limited if there is no registration statement in effect covering theshares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the redeemable warrants or the prospectus relating to the shares of common stock issuable upon the exerciseof the redeemable warrants is not current and the redeemable warrants may expire worthless. If you are unable to exercise or sell your redeemable warrants, you willhave paid the full unit price for only the shares of common stock underlying the units.22Table of ContentsHolders of warrants included in the placement units may exercise these warrants even if an effective registration statement and a prospectus is not in place,which means they may be able to exercise such warrants while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.Unlike the warrants underlying the units issued in connection with our IPO, the warrants included in the placement units will not be restricted from being exercisedin the absence of a registration statement under the Securities Act in effect covering the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the such warrantsand a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Therefore, the holders thereof will be able to exercise such warrants regardless of whether the issuanceof the underlying shares of common stock is registered under the Securities Act, while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.We are a “foreign private issuer” and have disclosure obligations that are different than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. Therefore, you should notexpect to receive the same information about us as a U.S. domestic reporting company may provide. Furthermore, if we or lose our status as a foreign privateissuer, we would be required to fully comply with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers and incur significantoperational, administrative, legal, and accounting costs that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer.We are a foreign private issuer. As a result, we are not subject to certain of the requirements imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the SEC. For example, we arenot required by the SEC or the federal securities laws to issue quarterly reports or file proxy statements with the SEC. We are also allowed to file our annual reportwith the SEC within four months of our fiscal year end. We are also not required to disclose certain detailed information regarding executive compensation that isrequired from U.S. domestic issuers. Further, our directors and executive officers are not required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Securities Act. Asa foreign private issuer, we are also exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups ofinvestors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. We are, however, still subject to the antifraud and antimanipulation rules ofthe SEC, such as Rule 10b5. Since many of the disclosure obligations required of us as a foreign private issuer are different than those required by U.S. domesticreporting companies, our shareholders should not expect to receive all of the same types of information about us and at the same time as information is receivedfrom, or provided by, U.S. domestic reporting companies. We are liable for violations of the rules and regulations of the SEC, which do apply to us as a foreignprivate issuer. Violations of these rules could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain NASDAQ corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. Thismay afford less protection to holders of our securities.We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. As a foreign private issuer,we are permitted to follow the governance practices of our home country, the Republic of the Marshall Islands in lieu of certain corporate governance requirementsof Nasdaq. As result, the standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not requiredto:●have a compensation committee and a nominating committee to be comprised solely of “independent directors; and●hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the Company’s fiscal yearend.As a result, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.Future sales or perceived sales of our shares of common stock could depress our stock price.As of the date of this report, we have 2,591,299 shares of common stock outstanding. Many of these shares will become eligible for sale in the public market, subjectto limitations imposed by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. If the holders of these shares were to attempt to sell a substantial amount of their holdings at once, themarket price of our common stock could decline. Moreover, the perceived risk of this potential dilution could cause shareholders to attempt to sell their shares andinvestors to short the common stock, a practice in which an investor sells shares that he or she does not own at prevailing market prices, hoping to purchase shareslater at a lower price to cover the sale. As each of these events would cause the number of shares of our common stock being offered for sale to increase, ourcommon stock market price would likely further decline. All of these events could combine to make it very difficult for us to sell equity or equityrelated securities inthe future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.23Table of ContentsHolders of our securities may face difficulties in protecting their interests because we are incorporated under the Republic of the Marshall Islands law.We are a company incorporated under the laws of the Marshall Islands, and almost all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, majority of ourdirectors and officers, and their assets, are located outside of the United States. As a result, you may have difficulty serving legal process within the United Statesupon us or any of these persons. You may also have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside the United States, judgments you may obtain in U.S. courts against usor these persons in any action, including actions based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal or state securities laws. You may also have difficultybringing an original action in the appropriate court of the Marshall Islands to enforce liabilities against us or any person based upon the U.S. federal securities laws.Provisions of our articles of incorporation may impede a takeover or make it more difficult for shareholders to change the direction or management of theCompany, which could reduce shareholders’ opportunity to influence management of the Company.Our articles of incorporation permit our board of directors to issue up to five million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 from time to time, with suchrights and preferences as they consider appropriate. These terms may include voting rights including the right to vote as a series on particular matters, preferencesas to dividends and liquidation, conversion rights and redemption rights provisions. The issuance of any preferred stock could reduce the value of our commonstock. In addition, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell assets to, a third party. Theability of the board of directors to issue preferred stock could make it more difficult, delay, discourage, prevent or make it more costly to acquire or effect a changeincontrol, which in turn could prevent shareholders from recognizing a gain in the event that a favorable offer is extended and could materially and negatively affectthe market price of our common stock.ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANYA.History and Development of the CompanyWe are a Republic of the Marshall Islands Company incorporated under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BDA”) on January 26, 2012. We wereoriginally organized under the name “Aquasition Corp.” for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, orsimilar acquisition transaction, one or more operating businesses or assets. The address of the Company’s principal executive office is Xingfengge Building,Baogaiyupu Industrial Park, Shishi City, Fujian Province of china.On March 24, 2014, we entered into a share exchange agreement and plan of liquidation (the “Exchange Agreement”), with KBS International, Hongri International, athen wholly owned subsidiary of KBS International and Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, each an individual and shareholder of KBS International (each, a“Principal Stockholder”). The Exchange Agreement was subsequently amended on June 21, 2014. The transactions contemplated in the Exchange Agreement (the“Share Exchange”) were closed on August 1, 2014. At the closing, we acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interest in Hongri International from KBSInternational. In exchange, we issued an aggregate of 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company to KBS International. In addition, on July 29, 2014, wecompleted a tender offer related to the Share Exchange and redeemed the 332,116 shares of common stock validly tendered and not withdrawn. Pursuant to theExchange Agreement, KBS International was liquidated and dissolved in August 2014 and the 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company were distributed toeach shareholder of KBS International according to their respective ownership of KBS International. As a result, following the consummation of the Share Exchange,we had a total of 1,694,489 shares of common stock outstanding.24Table of ContentsOn October 31, 2014, we held a special shareholder meeting and amended our Articles of Incorporation to change our name to KBS Fashion Group Limited.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.On March 29, 2016, we granted an aggregate of 73,334 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their past services in 2015 and future services to be provided in 2016.On July 10, 2017, we granted an aggregate of 215,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company as compensationsfor their services.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their services.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 registered shares of common stock pursuant to our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to our executive officers,directors and certain employees as compensations for their services.On March 29, 2019, our board of directors approved the issuance of 15,000 shares of common stock to our Investor Relationship firm as compensation for theirservices. The issuance of the shares was made in reliance on the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), for theoffer and sale of securities not involving a public offering, and Regulation S promulgated thereunder. None of the shares have been registered under the Act andneither may be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.25Table of ContentsCorporate StructureAll of our business operations are conducted through our PRC subsidiaries. The chart below presents our corporate structure as of the date of this report. The Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regardingissuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.Our web site address is http://www.kbsfashion.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of thisAnnual Report.Principal Capital Expenditures and DivestituresFor the year ended December 31, 2018, our total capital expenditures and divestitures were $nil. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, our total capitalexpenditures and divestitures were $849,199 and $45,445, respectively. Such expenditures were primarily used construction of production facility and purchasing fireprotection facility. Our operating cash flow mainly funded these capital expenditures.B.Business OverviewWe are a leading casual menswear company in China with a demonstrated track record of designing, marketing, and selling our own line of fashion menswear. Ourproducts include men’s apparel, footwear and accessories, primarily targeting urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 in the Tier II and Tier III cities in China.Tier II cities generally refer to major cities located in each province of China other than the capital city of such province. Tier III cities generally refer to countylevelcities in China. Tier III cities that we focus on are the national top 100 county cities identified by the State Statistics Bureau of China each year. These cities arecharacterized by higher GDP, higher disposable income, better education and better infrastructure as compared with other countylevel cities.26Table of ContentsOur apparel products include outerwear, knitwear, denim, tops, bottoms, accessories and footwear. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products,each year with a different theme to highlight the current trends in menswear for the season.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by the company and 40 franchised stores operated by 14 third party distributors or their subdistributors. The number of stores has grown from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017and 2016, sales through our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues respectively, and sales through distributors and whole sellersaccounted for 73%, 66.5% and 78% of our revenues, respectively. Total revenue from corporate stores sales for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $7.0million for 2017 and $5.53 million for 2016.From 2009 through 2018, total net sales decreased from $28.1 million to $18.53 million while the net profit decreased from $9.0 million to a net loss of $8 million.Our Competitive StrengthsWe believe that the following competitive strengths enable us to compete effectively in and capitalize on the growing casual menswear industry in China.●There is a sizable market for our products. We believe that we have a sizeable potential market. Our target customers are male middleclass consumers inthe 2040 age range. According to the national census in 2018, the population in China between 1659 yearsold was approximately 900 million. Our targetgroup falls into this category and is estimated to be more than 200 million people. As a result of the growing affluence in the PRC and increased purchasingpower of the PRC population, we believe that PRC consumers are becoming more willing and able to purchase casual menswear. In addition, we believe thatthe purchasing decision of PRC consumers is becoming more predicated upon brand image, product design and style, rather than just price considerations.With rising affluence and improvement in lifestyle, we also believe the overall Chinese population is generally growing more brand name conscious andstyle oriented and has shown a propensity for increased spending on casual menswear.●We have a strong focus on design and product development. We believe that our inhouse design and product development capabilities allow us to createunique products that appeal to our customers. We have established a strong inhouse design and product development team of 20 employees as of April26, 2019. Our team identifies new fashion trends by attending fashion shows and exhibitions as well as by drawing from creative ideas in magazines andother media. Each spring and fall, we carefully plan and create a new product line for our fall/winter and spring/summer collections of 727 SKU thatencompasses our full range of product offerings, including outerwear, tops, bottoms and accessories. We introduce new design elements into our productlines each season. With our highly skilled and creative team of designers, we have extensive experience in creating unique designs to meet the preferencesand needs of our target customer base.●Our trademarked brand has earned a following in China. Our brand was developed in 2006. Our marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design andmade for Chinese.” Our customers are middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range. We believe that their products’ concept, marketing, design andpackaging fully match with the prowestern attitude and life styles of their target customers. We believe the KBS brand is essential to our success topenetrate to the casual menswear market in China.●We have an extensive and wellmanaged nationwide distribution network. We have an extensive distribution network throughout China. As of December31, 2018, we had 1 KBS branded corporate stores and 32 franchised stores across 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. TheKBS branded corporate stores are required to sell only our products. We have been building up our selected distributor network since 2007. As ofDecember 31, 2018, we had 11 distributors operating 32 franchised stores. All of our distributors have been working with us from 1 to 10 years. We selectour distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry, sales channels, business resources, brand promotioncapabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. Our distributors help us respond to changing consumer tastes in a timelymanner by providing regular feedback on our products at our semiannual sales fairs and frequent communications. The financial resources of ourdistributors allow us to expand our retail network with less working capital investment from us than would be required for establishing direct stores, as ourdistributors are responsible for the store rentals and cost of inventory in their stores. We sold a substantial amount of our products through ourdistributors, which have allowed us to distribute our products to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge ofour distributors and their sub distributors. We believe that our distribution network has enabled us to expand our business and increase our salesefficiently and with less operational risk. This model has also minimized our operational risk because we typically start production after we receive ordersfrom our distributors. We believe that using a distribution network to sell a substantial amount of our KBS products has enabled us to devote ourresources to our core competitive strengths of design, brand management and product development.27Table of Contents●We have an experienced management team. Our management team has extensive R&D, marketing and financial experience, led by our Chief ExecutiveOfficer, Mr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has over 27 years of experience in the apparel industry and also has developed a differentiated product by internationalcooperation with a Korean designer. After working in the garment industry for more than 16 years, Mr. Yan acquired and developed the KBS brand. Withhis strong understanding of the apparel industry, Mr. Yan has successfully established this brand name in the market. We are committed to attract andretain top management level executives who we believe are and will continue to be the driving force behind our product development and growth.Our Growth StrategyWe intend to further strengthen our market position in the casual menswear market in China by implementing the following strategies:●We plan to expand our online business and purchase one or more online sales platforms or online stores. Together with the change in consumer trends,online sales is now the most important sales channel in Chinese market and is becoming increasingly important globally. Sales from our stores anddistributors have been steadily decreasing, and we are now in the process of identifying the best possible ways to establish and expand our onlinebusiness. We plan to research and purchase one or more online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that KBS will have better opportunities toexpand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores in year 2019, and the management of KBS will keep on exploring other areas and businessmodels, such as the use of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends. We consider that ourpolicy to expand our outreach using new technologies will add significant shareholder value.●We plan to expand our OEM sales by attracting more reputable and longterm clients. We just had the renewal of a framework sales contract with twomajor current customers: Hangzhou Zhi Yin Apparel Clothes Co., Ltd and Hangzhou Yiyuan Apparel Co., Ltd. These two sales contracts are expected togenerate approximately RMB 28 million in total, of which RMB 20 million relates to Hangzhou Ziyin of new 450,000 orders and RMB 8 million relates toHangzhou Yiyuan of new 160,000 orders for this year. We are also expanding our OEM business and to get more clients, especially to focus on onlineproviders, as they have expanded their market share over the past years quickly together with the change in Chinese consumer’s preferences and occupy alarge market share. By the time when we start executing the orders, we expect that we can have sustainable and increasing business.●We plan to invest in a Greece Based Private Smart Tech Apparel Company. We signed a letter of intent with Tribe, one of the most innovative smartclothing technology companies internationally. If the transaction is consummated, we conceive that this investment will enhance and expand significantlyour client network and products offering. The smart clothing market is expected to surpass the 2 trillion US dollars in size in 2019 and we believe we are wellpositioned to capture a part of this market in the wider region.28Table of Contents●We plan to continue to raise the profile of the KBS brand through enhanced advertising and promotional activities. We believe that the strongassociation of KBS brand with our concept of “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese” has helped drive our brand positioning and customers’receptivity to our products. We intend to further build our brand and deliver a consistent brand image from product design to sales and marketing. We seekto promote and enhance our presence in China’s casual menswear market by continuing to adopt proactive marketing strategies and produce high quality,well designed casual menswear for our target market. In particular, we aim to increase awareness of our brand through: (1) multichannel advertisingstrategies through national television, fashion magazines, billboards and other media channels; (2) further assisting our distributors’ regional advertisingefforts; (3) distinctive store and product launch campaigns, including special events for new product launches and largescale grand opening events fornew stores, particularly new corporate stores; (4) update of the decoration and layout of a number of existing stores which have been in operation for yearsto improve the shopping experience; (5) participation in fashion shows; and (6) sponsorships of selected highimpact events. We believe that theseadvertising and promotional activities will help to further strengthen brand awareness in our target market and enhance customer loyalty.●We plan to expand and build upon our design and product development capabilities. We intend to further strengthen our design and productdevelopment capabilities by accelerating the commercialization of design concepts, expanding our product offerings and continuing to develop what webelieve is unique casual menswear. We plan to further invest in design and product development and expand our design and product development team byattracting talented designers, either domestic or international, and training young graduates from leading fashion design institutes. We believe thatcombining western fashion design experience with our local designer’s understanding of the China market and aesthetic will enable us to create fashionableyet popular casual menswear for consumers in China. We also intend to cooperate with our suppliers to develop new materials and fabrics which we believewill give customers a unique fashion product and create new market opportunities. We believe that our focus on designing unique and quality casualmenswear will allow us to maintain our competitiveness and help to enhance our sales and overall profitability.●We plan to expand our production capacity to expand and diversify our product offerings. Our production facility is located in Taihu City, AnhuiProvince, China, consisting of total 110,557 square meters of land. Currently this facility has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per yearand can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famous sportswear producers, some successful onlinebrand stores and fulfill some overseas orders. The construction of our facility commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases: Phase 1 consists of theconstruction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We have completed theconstruction of facilities for Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Although we have the designed capacity of 5 million pieces yearly, the facilitycurrently may only produce 2 million pieces per year. Phase 3 construction has been delayed because the local government needs additional time toconclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 canbe continued. Phase 4 will include production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quarters and livingfacilities. Upon completion, the new facility is expected to have a production capacity of 20 million pieces and accommodate 5,000 workers. Please see“Production” below for a more complete explanation of our plans for the expansion of our production capacity. We anticipate that the new productionfacility will allow us to further refine our existing product lines by offering more styles within our existing apparel and accessories categories and tointroduce additional, complementary apparel and accessories categories into our product line. We currently introduce 500 to 900 different styles ofproducts each year and intend to increase the number of our product offerings in the future.●We plan to expand our international market and attract more orders from overseas. Starting from year 2016, we have been awarded international OEMorders for producing clothes with overseas brands. Such orders are usually large and continuous. Due to the completion of phase 2 construction of ourAnhui factory, we have enough production capacity to take on large orders. The current utilization rate of the Anhui factory is still quite low and we expectto invest more in attracting more large orders from overseas.The KBS BrandWe are engaged in a highly competitive industry in which brand image and recognition is critical to attracting customers to purchase our products. We haveadopted KBS as a uniform brand name and image for all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. The KBS brand was created byMs. Qinghua Ye in 2006 and registered with the trademark administration authority in 2008. Subsequently, Ms. Ye assigned the KBS trademark to Hongri PRC in2008. In 2009, Hongri PRC transferred this trademark to France Cock, which then licensed such trademark back to Hongri PRC. Based on our sharp rise in revenuesince 2006, we believe that the KBS brand has gained a following in the casual menswear market in the cities where our products are sold.29Table of ContentsTo promote our brand, we have developed and implemented brand management policies in all of our corporate stores and franchised stores. Our brand managementpolicies set out detailed requirements for store decorations and display of products. This enables us to project a consistent brand image. In addition, each season,our design and product development team develops display concepts, including the presentation of our collections in the stores and the color schemes for thebackdrops. We also work closely with our distributors to supervise the daily operations of franchised stores through unscheduled visits to ensure that our brandmanagement policies are properly followed.We may suspend the supply of our products or terminate distribution agreements in the event that any of our distributors or their subdistributors consistently failsto comply with our brand management policies.Our ProductsOur apparel products include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, socks and caps. In 2018, thesuggested retail prices of our products ranged from RMB 15 to RMB1,599 (approximately $2 to $237) for our apparel products and RMB178 to RMB1599(approximately $26 to $236) for our accessory products. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products, each year with a different theme tohighlight the current trends in menswear for the season.Our DesignWe believe one of our key strengths is our internal design and product development team, which designs products that reinforce our brand image. Major parts ofour products are designed by our internal design and product development team with the collaboration of Korean designers. As of December 31, 2018, our designand product development team consisted of 20 members, including one senior designer with over five years of working experience. Final design concepts areapproved by Mr. Keyan Yan, who has more than 27 years of experience in the industry. All of the other designers are graduates of professional design schools inChina. We believe that our design and product development team is innovative and passionate and that the individual experience of each of our designers helpsbring new and exciting products to our customers. Our design and product development team conceptualizes each season’s collections through an interactiveprocess, taking into account our brand strategy, product image and market feedback, drawing inspirations from domestic and international fashion trends andcollaborating with both our suppliers and distributors to finetune our designs. In particular, we collaborate with our suppliers to develop a variety of materials andfabrics for our products. We also involve distributors in our product selection process to take advantage of their market intelligence, which helps us to adapt toconstantly changing customer preferences in local markets. Our designers also attend various domestic and international fashion shows to keep abreast of the latestfashion trends.Starting from year 2015, design of our products comes from three channels. In addition to designing products by our inhouse staff, we outsource to certainreputable designers. From time to time, our ODMs also will directly sell their designed products to us.In a typical year, we design and make around 1,500 prototypes. After the initial product selection, internal cost analysis of approved prototypes and final selectionby distributors at the sales fairs, we eventually select approximately 750 designs for mass production. Final design of all of our products will be approved by ourChairman, Mr. Yan.Our Distribution NetworkWe have established a nationwide distribution network consisting of corporate stores and franchised stores covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrallyadministered municipalities.Corporate StoresAs of December 31, 2018, we owned and operated 1 corporate store with the floor area of approximately 120 square meters. As part of our corporate strategy, weclosed 17 corporate stores in last two years because of the low profitability of certain corporate stores. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, salesthrough our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues, respectively.30Table of ContentsWe directly own and operate our corporate store. This direct control enables us to have closer relationship with our ultimate customers and better understanding ofmarket trends and consumer preferences. Required capital for opening of each store depends on the location and area of the designated store. On average, therenovation cost per store is around $67,000 and the first year of rent payment is around $140,000 including premium paid to the previous owner. Rental period variesfrom two to five years. The total capital required to open a new store is generally around $207,000 per store. Once negotiation of rent is concluded, it takes one totwo months to open up a store. We usually open up stores right before a peak season, such as labor holiday in May, National holiday in October and Chinese NewYear in January/February. On average, new stores break even after one to three months of operation.We currently have one standard designs for our corporate stores located in Fujian Province. They were considered as flagship stores for our distributors’ reference.Because in year 2016 and 2015 we closed some corporate stores, the inventories of these stores were cleared through promotion exhibitions we held in the thirdtiercities at lower prices.For corporate stores opened in second tier cities, we normally have a higher aesthetic standard compared with corporate stores in third and fourth tier cities. Wegenerally locate our corporate stores at street level to access high pedestrian flow. Normally, we will sell inseason stock in our secondtier city corporate stores. Oursecondtier city corporate stores are also designed to showcase our marketability to potential distributors so as to induce them to join our distributorship. For storesopened in the third and fourth tier cities, we normally sell some of our slowmoving or offseason stock at a discount due to our awareness of the generally lesseramount of disposable income available to residents of these cities. During certain times of the year, such as the New Year, Chinese New Year and Labor Day, we willorganize promotional discounts together with our franchised stores to attract more customers and increase our stock turnover.Franchised StoresWe sell a substantial amount of our products to our franchised distributors who in turn sell them to retail customers through KBS branded retail stores operated byour distributors or their subdistributors. Since 2013, we have also been selling products to 3 provincial distributors without their own stores, or the nostoredistributors, on a trial basis. We do not have any ownership in, or controlling relationship with, these franchised stores, but we have entered into distributionagreements with them in the Company’s standard form, pursuant to which we require distributors and their subdistributors to sell only KBS products in thesestores. Distributors are responsible for selecting and ordering products from us and overseeing the sales in the stores operated by them and their subdistributors.By selling directly to our distributors, we can recognize revenues upon delivery to our distributors and delegate the distribution responsibilities to our distributors.This allows us to distribute our merchandise to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge of our distributors and theirsubdistributors. This also minimizes our inventory and sales risks while allowing us to allocate our resources to our core competitive strengths of design, brandmanagement and product development. We believe that our cooperation with distributors has enabled us to expand our business and accelerate our sales growth atmuch lower costs and operational risk and achieve brand recognition throughout China.We have been building up our selected franchised distributor network since 2007. As of December 31, 2018, we had 11 franchised distributors who operated 32 retailstores directly or through their subdistributors, all of which were standalone stores, which were typically located in commercial centers, including departmentstores or shopping malls, in their cities. All these distributors have worked with us for about 1 to 8 years. We have not encountered any material dispute or financialdifficulty with our key distributors. The average floor area of each retail store was approximately 78 square meters as of December 2018. The number of retail storeshas grown significantly in recent years from 7 as of December 31, 2006, with the aggregate floor area increasing from 560 square meters as of December 31, 2006 to2,635 square meters as of December 31, 2018. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, sales through our distributors accounted for 73%, 63.3% and78% of our revenues, respectively. 31Table of ContentsDuring each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we had no customer exceeding 10% of our net sales.Sales generated by our five bestperforming franchised distributors accounted for approximately 29.3%, 23.8% and 28.3% of our revenues in the years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Those top distributors have been with us since 2007 or 2008 and have grown organically with us. At the same time,we are exploring more distributors in other regions including relatively small distributors to grow with their businesses. Although we rely on distributors for thesales and marketing of our products, we believe our business is not substantially dependent on any individual distributor.We are highly selective in appointing distributors. We select our distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry,sales channels, business resources, brand promotion capabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. We maintain good relationshipswith many regional or local distributor candidates which we identify through our internal research and external referrals but only appoint a handful of them tobecome our distributors. We evaluate the relevant experience of the distributor candidates in operating retail stores, their financial condition and sources of fundingrequired for the establishment of a regional distribution network and their ability to develop a network of retail stores in the designated distribution region of a givendistributor before we make any appointment.Once appointed, each distributor must enter into a distribution agreement with us. We do not own any interest in any of our distributors, their subdistributors orthe retail stores they operate. The distribution agreements we typically enter into with distributors do not allow us to be involved in the daily operating, financing orother activities of the distributors, except that distributors need to comply with our brand management policies and pricing and store management guidelines. Keyterms of our standard distribution agreement include:●Product Exclusivity. Our distributors are required to sell only our products at KBS branded retail outlets managed by them or authorized retailers.●Geographic Coverage. Distributors are granted exclusive rights to distribute our products (directly and indirectly through their subdistributors) in theretail stores within the specified geographic area with no overlapping of distributors within our distribution network. However, we retain the right to operatedirect stores anywhere regardless of whether we have appointed distributors there.●Duration. The distribution agreements generally have an initial term of one year and are renewable at our discretion after taking into account factors suchas compliance with our brand management policies and sales performance.●Distributor Pricing. Distributors agree to order our products at a discount from our suggested retail prices. The discounted wholesale prices todistributors are classified into the following three categories: provincial distributor at a discount of 35% of retail price, district distributor is 30% of retailprice and the wholesale distributor is 25% of retail price.●Minimum Purchase Requirement. Each of our distributors is customarily expected to purchase a minimum amount of our products for each trade fair heldbiannually according to their present and expected distribution network. The minimum is typically RMB800,000 (approximately $110,000) for each store.●Payment and Delivery. Normally, we expect distributors to pay us RMB0.5 million (approximately $74,000) to RMB1 million (approximately $148,148) as adeposit upon placing an order. Upon delivery of the orders, we will deduct amounts on deposit from the purchase price. For new and small districtdistributors, we normally require them to pay the balance before the delivery of its products. We may also accept payment on credit terms to the extentrequested by distributors experiencing working capital difficulties or encouraging them to order more. The amount and duration of credit granted to eachdistributor will depend on its financial position and creditworthiness. We handle the arrangements for delivery of our products, but the distributors arenormally expected to bear the related costs and expenses.32Table of Contents●Return of Products. We will only accept product returns from distributors for quality reasons and only if the distributors followed our standard proceduresin processing the returned products. So far, we have not experienced any product returns due to expressed quality reasons.●Retail Pricing. Other than at times when we launch promotional campaigns or adjust our strategies, distributors must adopt, and are required to procuretheir subdistributors to adopt, our suggested retail prices for products. Distributors must obtain our consent before launching any distributor specificspecial offers.●Brand Management. Distributors must comply with our brand management policies and store management guidelines. We may impose penalties, forfeitureof deposit, suspend supply of products and terminate the agreement in the event of any breach of such policies.●Termination. We may generally terminate the distribution agreements and seek indemnification in the event of breach by distributors. In the event of sometypes of breach, we may not terminate the agreement but have other remedies. For example, if a distributor fails to order all products provided for under thedistributorship agreement, we may instead impose forfeiture of deposit or withhold certain benefits.When opening new retail stores, our distributors conduct research on the market potential of the proposed retail sites, after which they will provide us with anapplication for opening a new retail store. In reviewing applications, we consider factors including the store location, store layout, available area, marketopportunities, competitors and estimated sales. We conduct selected onsite investigations to verify applications filed by our distributors. Our retail stores aregenerally located in convenient retail locations in their respective cities and thus benefit from high volumes of pedestrian traffic.Effective monitoring of distributors and their retail stores is critical to our success. We have a team in our marketing, sales and distribution department to monitorour distributors’ and their subdistributors’ performance, who conduct onsite inspections of selected retail stores each quarter without prior notice to ensurecompliance with our store management guidelines. According to the results of our inspections, we, from time to time, make suggestions to our distributors withrespect to the opening or closure of their retail stores. Distributors also need to submit to us their annual/ semiannual plans to estimate their orders for the nextseason and their plan to improve the performance of existing retail stores or expand by opening new retail stores. This reporting system enables us to access uptodate sales projections of our distributors and their subdistributors, which reflects the overall level of retail sales of our products. It also provides us with theexpansion plan of each distributor which helps us prepare our overall development plan in a more accurate manner.We invite our distributors, as well as a select number of their subdistributors and retail store managers, to attend our sales fairs, which are held twice a year. Duringthe sales fairs, we discuss with our distributors and their subdistributors the upcoming product line. Apart from participating in two sales fairs each year, ourdistributors visit us from time to time and contact us as necessary, which allows us to have access to updated market information. We also provide training fordistributors and their subdistributors in the areas of sales techniques, customer service and product knowledge, typically prior to the launch of our new collectionseach year. We believe that these investments help to improve the operations of the sales network and provide additional valueadded services to retain ourdistributors and their subdistributors.The following table lists by region the number of retail stores operated by distributors and subdistributors as of December 31, 2018:LocationAs ofDecember 31,2018Fujian6Guangdong2Guangxi3Jiangsu4Anhui2Chongqing4Tianjin3Hebei4Sichuan4Total3233Table of ContentsPricing PolicyWe sell our products to our distributors at uniform discounts from our suggested retail prices. We have a suggested retail price policy that applies to all our storesto help maintain brand image, ensure consistent pricing levels from region to region and prevent price competition among our distributors. In determining our pricingstrategies, we take into account market supply and demand, production cost and the prices of our competitors’ similar products. Our sales representatives collectand record the retail prices of our products sold by our retailers. We analyze the information collected and engage in discussions with our distributors to ensure thatthey follow our pricing policy. See “Franchised Stores” above.ProductionOriginally located in Shishi City in Fujian Province and started production in 2006, our production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China.The facility currently has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famoussportswear producers. Our production facility was operating at full capacity between 2009 and 2012. In 2014, we produced about 0.39 million units at the operatingcapacity of 19.5%; while in 2015,we produced about 0.48 million units at the operating capacity of 24%. In 2016, we produced about 0.54 million units at the operatingcapacity of 27%.In 2017 and 2018, we produced about 0.30 million and 0.49 million units at the operating capacity of 15% and 25%. Since 2011, we have been negotiating with the local government to acquire land use rights for our current facility consisting of 110,557 square meters. We obtaineda portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square meters and 2,440 square meters in March 2012 and May 2012, respectively, and have finishedthe construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factoryin year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with localresidents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. While we cannot guaranteewhen and whether the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land will be eventually completed, we believe we will be in a better position toschedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Once completed, our total production capacity of the facility isexpected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.All of the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers bear the brand name KBS. As of December 31, 2018, we had 3 ODM contractmanufacturers and 3 OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had 3 and 6 OEM contract manufacturers, respectively. Oursourcing strategy is based upon the quality of fabrics and workmanship that our customers expect from the KBS brand. The costs of our outsourced productionamounted to approximately $8.38 million, $10.94 million and$26.1 million for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, accounting forapproximately 27.3%, 31% and 66.8% of our total cost of sales in the respective periods.As of December 31, 2018, our principal ODM and OEM contract suppliers included the following:No.1Bai Tian Ni (Fujian) Clothing fabric Co. Ltd2Shishi Hua Lai Shi Clothing Co. Ltd3Jinjiang City Hongtawanheng trading Co. Ltd4Fujian Gumaite Clothing Technology Co. Ltd5Shishi Rongpeng Clothing Co. Ltd6Hubei Mingyuan Clothing Co. LtdWe are not materially reliant on any single ODM or OEM contract supplier.34Table of ContentsInventory ManagementWe recognize that controlling the level of inventory is important to our overall operational efficiency and cost control. Based on the purchase orders our distributorsand the department store chains place at our biannual sales fairs, we are able to anticipate the demand for our products in advance and plan ahead for our ownmanufacturing and the orders we will be required to place with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We generally plan purchases of raw materials and placemanufacturing orders with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers immediately after each of our two seasonal sales fairs, usually in May for our autumn andwinter products and in October for our spring and summer products, where we confirm sales orders with our distributors and department store chains. This enablesus and our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to have sufficient time, ranging from two to eight weeks, to produce the products and provide our productssuitable for a specific season to our distributors and department store chains on a justintime basis so as to minimize our inventory levels. The alternative way tocontrol cost is when if we have chance to buy materials which the price is much lower than market price, we will buy it in advance and give to OEM contractmanufactures use our material to produce.Quality ControlProduct quality control is a critical aspect of our business. Our dedicated quality control team performs various quality inspection and testing procedures, includingrandom sample testing at different stages of our production process, to ensure that our products meet or exceed the expectations of our consumers. We also performroutine product inspections on every batch of our products and sample testing to ensure consistent quality of our products, including semifinished and finishedproducts.We have implemented a centralized system for procurement and inspection of raw materials and ancillary components to help ensure a stable and high qualitysupply. Those materials and components that fail to meet our tests may be returned to the suppliers for replacement. Our quality control team also carries out qualitycontrol procedures on the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We conduct onsite inspections of our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers before we enter into business relationships with them. We also send our inhouse quality control staff onsite to our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers to monitor the entire production process. The initial product inspections are performed onsite by our staff before these products are shipped to ourheadquarters for further inspection and storage in our warehouse. We also provide technical training to ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to assist them withquality control of the production processes and inspect preproduction samples and finished products from ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We have notencountered any material disruptions to our business as a result of the failure of any of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to meet our quality standards.In order to further improve the quality of our products and shorten our delivery cycle, we intend to increase our control over the manufacturing process andproduction cycle of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers, primarily by requiring our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to implement stricter and morecomprehensive quality control procedures, which cover each stage of the production process, from raw material selection and procurement to finished productspackaging and delivery. We also intend to apply more stringent standards for inspecting products manufactured for us by our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers.Marketing and AdvertisingWe have conducted multichannel marketing campaigns to advertise our products to our target customers through advertising in newspapers, magazines, theInternet, and billboards, and organizing regular and frequent instore marketing activities and road shows.We have implemented strict requirements on our distributors with respect to the display and promotion of our products to ensure consistent branding and enhancemarketing results. Our distributors are required to ensure that our marketing strategies are implemented at the retail outlets managed or authorized by them, includingdisplaying our products according to our specifications and using our billboard advertisements. We also assign sales representatives to monitor the instoredisplays of our products at various retail outlets on a regular basis to help ensure that our retailers have followed our product display policies.In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 our total advertising and promotional expenses amounted to approximately $1.21 million, $1.59 million and $1.55million, respectively, which accounted for approximately 6.6%, 7.5% and 3.8% of our revenues in the respective periods.35Table of ContentsCompetitionThe menswear industry in China is a fragmented industry. Competition mainly comes from local market players such as Exceed, Xiniya, Zuoan and Cabbeen. Webelieves that we differentiate ourselves by providing more fashionable, youngerlooking and leisure products, and competitive pricing without giving up the casualfeel of our products.We compete primarily on the basis of product design, brand recognition, operational efficiency and a low cost structure. Some of our domestic competitors have astronger customer base, greater resources and more industry expertise than us. However, we believe that we can continue to successfully compete with our localcompetitors due to our unique product designs.Intellectual PropertyWe currently have the licenses to use two registered trademarks in the PRC.The registered trademarks on which we have licenses are the following:TrademarkRegistration No.Valid TermKBS4342760Jan 1, 2019 August 28, 2028Ka bi sports5462336March 14, 2010 March 12,2020We believe that these trademarks provide significant value as they are important for marketing and building brand recognition. We are not aware of any third partycurrently using trademarks similar to our trademarks in the PRC on the same products.InsuranceWe do not have any business liability, interruption or litigation insurance coverage for our operations in China. Insurance companies in China offer limited businessinsurance products. While business interruption insurance is available to a limited extent in China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of suchinsurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance.Therefore, we are subject to business and product liability exposure. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—We have limited insurance coverage inChina and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses.”RegulationBecause our primary operating subsidiaries are located in China, we are subject to China’s national and local laws detailed below. We believe that we are in materialcompliance with all registrations and requirements for the issuance and maintenance of all licenses required by the governing bodies and that all license fees andfilings are current. This section summarizes the major PRC regulations relating to our business.Regulations Relating to Foreign InvestmentInvestment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are mainly governed by the Guidance Catalog of Industries for Foreign Investment (2017 revision), or theCatalog, which was promulgated jointly by MOFCOM and the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, on June 28, 2017 and entered into forceon July 28, 2017. The Catalog divides industries into four categories in terms of foreign investment, which are “encouraged,” “restricted,” and “prohibited,” and allindustries that are not listed under one of these categories are deemed to be “permitted.” Establishment of wholly foreignowned enterprises is generally allowed inencouraged and permitted industries. Some restricted industries are limited to equity or contractual joint ventures, while in some cases Chinese partners are requiredto hold the majority interests in such joint ventures. In addition, foreign investment in restricted category projects is subject to government approvals. Foreigninvestors are not allowed to invest in industries in the prohibited category. Industries not listed in the Catalogue are generally open to foreign investment unlessspecifically restricted by other PRC regulations.36Table of ContentsIn June 2018, MOFCOM and NDRC promulgated the Special Management Measures (Negative List) for the Access of Foreign Investment, or the Negative List,effective July 2018. The Negative List expands the scope of permitted industries by foreign investment by reducing the number of industries that fall within theNegative List where restrictions on the shareholding percentage or requirements on the composition of board or senior management still exists. Foreign investmentin valueadded telecommunications services (except for ecommerce) falls within the Negative List.In October 2016, MOFCOM issued the Interim Measures for Recordfiling Administration of the Establishment and Change of Foreigninvested Enterprises, or FIERecordfiling Interim Measures, most recently amended in July 2017. Pursuant to FIE Recordfiling Interim Measures, the establishment and change of foreigninvested enterprises are subject to recordfiling procedures, instead of prior approval requirements, provided that such establishment or change does not involvespecial entry administration measures. If the establishment or change of foreigninvested enterprises matters involve the special entry administration measures, theapproval of the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterparts is still required.Regulations Relating to Product QualityThe principal legal provisions governing product liability are set forth in the PRC Product Quality Law, which was promulgated in February 1993 by the SCNPC andamended in July 2000 and August 2009.The PRC Product Quality Law stipulates the responsibilities and obligations of product sellers and producers. Violations of the PRC Product Quality Law may resultin the imposition of fines. In addition, the seller or producer may be ordered to suspend its operations, and its business license may be revoked. There may also bePART IPART IIPART III20F 1 f20f2018_kbsfashiongroup.htm FORM 20FUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F(Mark One)☐REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ___________ to ___________OR¨SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report:Commission file number: 00135715KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)Not Applicable(Translation of Registrant’s Name Into English)Republic of the Marshall Islands(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)Xin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of China(Address of Principal Executive Offices)Mr. Keyan Yan, Chief Executive OfficerXin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of ChinaTel: + (86) 595 8889 6198Fax: (86) 595 8850 5328(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of Each ClassName of Each Exchange On Which RegisteredCommon Stock, $0.0001 par valueNASDAQ Capital MarketSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.Units, Common Stock Purchase Warrants(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.None(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report(December 31, 2018): 2,271,299Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐No ☒If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of“large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large Accelerated Filer ☐Accelerated Filer ☐NonAccelerated Filer ☒Emerging Growth Company☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting StandardsCodification after April 5, 2012.Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:U.S. GAAP ☐International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting StandardsBoard ☒Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ☐ Item17 ☐Item 18If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒Annual Report on Form 20FYear Ended December 31, 2018TABLE OF CONTENTSPageITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS2A.Directors and Senior Management2B.Advisors2C.Auditors2ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE2A.Offer Statistics2B.Method and Expected Timetable2ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATION2A.Selected Financial Data2B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY24A.History and Development of the Company24B.Business Overview26C.Organizational Structure42D.Property, Plants and Equipment43ITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS44ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS44A.Principal Factors Affecting Financial Performance45B.Liquidity and Capital Resources50C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.51D.Trend Information51E.Off Balance Sheet Arrangements51F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations52G.Safe Harbor62ITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES63A.Directors and Senior Management63B.Compensation64C.Board Practices65D.Employees66E.Share Ownership66ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS67A.Major Shareholders67B.Related Party Transactions67C.Interests of Experts and Counsel67iTable of ContentsITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATION67A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information67B.Significant Changes68ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTING68A.Offer and Listing Details68B.Plan of Distribution68C.Markets68D.Selling Shareholders68E.Dilution68F.Expenses of the Issue68ITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATION69A.Share Capital69B.Memorandum and Articles of Association69C.Material Contracts71D.Exchange Controls71E.Taxation74F.Dividends and Paying Agents79G.Statement by Experts79H.Documents on Display79I.Subsidiary Information79ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK79ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES80A.Debt Securities80B.Warrants and Rights80C.Other Securities80D.American Depositary Shares80ITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES81ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS81ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES81A.Disclosure Controls and Procedures81B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting81C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm81D.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting82ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT82ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICS82ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES82ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES82ITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS83ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT83ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCE83ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE83ITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 19.EXHIBITS84iiTable of ContentsINTRODUCTORY NOTESUse of Certain Defined TermsExcept as otherwise indicated by the context and for the purposes of this report only, references in this report to:●“KBS,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” are to KBS Fashion Group Ltd., a company organized in the Republic of the Marshall Islands;●““KBS International,” refers to KBS International Holding Inc., a Nevada corporation, which was dissolved in August 2014;●“Hongri PRC,” refers to Hongri (Fujian) Sports Goods Co., Ltd., which is our wholly owned subsidiary organized in the PRC;●“Hongri International” are to Hongri International Holdings Limited, which is our wholly owned subsidiary and a company organized in the BVI;●“BVI” are to the British Virgin Islands;●“Hong Kong” are to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China;●“PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China;●“SEC” are to the Securities and Exchange Commission;●“Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;●“Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;●“Renminbi” and “RMB” are to the legal currency of China; and●“U.S. dollars,” “dollars” and “$” are to the legal currency of the United States.ForwardLooking InformationIn addition to historical information, this report contains forwardlooking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of theExchange Act. We use words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “target,” “plan,” “optimistic,” “intend,” “aim,” “will” or similar expressions whichare intended to identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, among others, those concerning market and industry segment growth and demandand acceptance of new and existing products; any projections of sales, earnings, revenue, margins or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategiesand objectives of management for future operations; and any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, as well as all assumptions,expectations, predictions, intentions or beliefs about future events. You are cautioned that any such forwardlooking statements are not guarantees of futureperformance and involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions, which, if they were to ever materialize or prove incorrect, could cause the results of theCompany to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forwardlooking statements. Potential risks and uncertainties include, among other things, thepossibility that we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues and profits due to our failure to anticipate consumer preferences and develop newmenswear products, our failure to execute our business expansion plan, changes in domestic and foreign laws, regulations and taxes, changes in economicconditions, uncertainties related to China’s legal system and economic, political and social events in China, a general economic downturn, a downturn in thesecurities markets, and other risks and uncertainties which are generally set forth under Item 3 “Key information—D. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and our other filings with the SEC. These reports attempt toadvise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects. The forwardlookingstatements made in this report speak only as of the date hereof and we disclaim any obligation, except as required by law, to provide updates, revisions oramendments to any forwardlooking statements to reflect changes in our expectations or future events.On February 3, 2017, approved by the shareholders, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen (1for15) reverse stock split of the Company’s issued andoutstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided that shareholders are entitled to receive the number ofshares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Stock Market on a splitadjusted basis when themarket opened on February 9, 2017. All references in this report to share and per share data have been adjusted, including historical data which have beenretroactively adjusted, to give effect to the reverse stock split unless specified otherwise.1Table of ContentsPART IITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERSA.Directors and Senior ManagementNot applicable.B.AdvisorsNot applicable.C.AuditorsNot applicable.ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLEA.Offer StatisticsNot applicable.B.Method and Expected TimetableNot applicable.ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATIONA.Selected Financial DataThe following table presents selected financial data regarding our business. It should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and relatednotes contained elsewhere in this annual report and the information under Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” The selected consolidatedstatements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, and the selected consolidated statements of financialposition data as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are included in this annual reportbeginning on page F1. The selected consolidated statements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the selectedconsolidated statements of financial position data as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements thatare not included in this annual report.Our consolidated financial statements were prepared and presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by theInternational Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The selected financial data information is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the historicalconsolidated financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere herein. The financial statements contained elsewhere fully represent our financial conditionand operations; however, they are not indicative of our future performance.2Table of ContentsYears ended December 31,20182017201620152014Statement of Income DataTotal revenue$18,535,116$23,762,536$41,200,205$61,343,681$58,832,481Total cost of sales(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)(46,511,274)(39,416,973)Gross profit(2,316,136)(11,511,816)2,158,27214,832,40719,415,508Distribution and selling expenses(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)(6,621,256)(7,191,606)Administrative expenses(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)2,798,082(4,649,229)Profit for the year(17,968,597)(14,815,596)(11,902,688)1,243,6706,876,982Total comprehensive income for the year(20,040,295)(10,004,880)(18,028,121)(4,801,102)6,526,172Outstanding shares2,299,9151,860,8311,750,1421,694,4891,694,489Earnings per share, basic diluted8.067.966.800.734.06Balance Sheet DataCash and cash equivalents$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,341$21,214,080$20,604,583Noncurrent assets29,837,87540,966,31934,754,94247,221,52952,929,386Current assets31,328,13140,343,38656,343,82362,098,95162,093,570Working capital24,463,44633,060,87748,647,18553,598,85452,704,076Total assets61,166,00681,309,70591,098,765109,310,480115,022,956Current liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,500,0979,389,493Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,503,5069,404,880Equity54,301,32174,027,19683,402,127100,816,974105,618,076B.Capitalization and IndebtednessNot applicable.C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of ProceedsNot applicable.D.Risk FactorsAn investment in our capital stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the otherinformation included in this annual report, before making an investment decision. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial conditionor results of operations could suffer. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.3Table of ContentsRISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSGeneral economic conditions, including a prolonged weakness in the economy, may affect consumer discretionary spending, which could adversely affect ourbusiness and financial performance.The apparel industry has historically been subject to substantial cyclical variations. Our business and financial performance are dependent on a number of factorsimpacting consumer discretionary spending, including general economic and business conditions; consumer confidence; wages and employment levels; thehousing market; consumer debt levels; availability of consumer credit; credit and interest rates; fuel and energy costs; energy shortages; taxes; general politicalconditions, both domestic and abroad. Consumer product purchases, including purchases of our products, may decline during recessionary periods. Our ability toaccess the capital markets may be restricted at a time when we would like, or need, to raise capital, which could impair on our ability to open additional stores orbuild additional manufacturing lines. In addition, as domestic and international economic conditions change, trends in consumer spending on discretionary items,including our merchandise, become unpredictable and subject to reductions due to economic uncertainties. A prolonged economic recovery or an uncertain outlookin the economy could result in additional declines in consumer discretionary spending, which could materially affect our financial performance.A contraction in apparel sales and production could impair our results of operations and liquidity and jeopardize our supply base.Apparel sales and production are cyclical and depend, among other things, on general economic conditions and consumer spending and preferences. As thevolume of apparel production fluctuates, the demand for our products also fluctuates. A contraction in apparel sales could harm our results of operations andliquidity. In addition, our suppliers would also be subject to many of the same consequences which could pressure their results of operations and liquidity.Depending on an individual supplier’s financial condition and access to capital, its viability could be challenged which could impact its ability to perform as weexpect and consequently our ability to meet our own commitments.If we are unable to anticipate consumer preferences and develop new menswear products, we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues andprofits.Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define apparel trends as well as to anticipate, gauge and react to changing consumer demands formenswear in a timely manner. Our target market of consumers comprises urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 with moderatetohigh levels of disposableincome. Our business is particularly sensitive to their fashion preferences, which cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumeracceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, and our future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes. If we failto anticipate accurately and respond to trends and shifts in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing product offerings, developing new products,designs, styles and categories, we could experience lower sales, excess inventories and lower profit margins. In a distressed economic and retail environment, manyof our competitors may engage in aggressive activities, such as markdowns or other promotional sales to dispose of excess, slowmoving inventory, furtherincreasing the need to react appropriately to changing consumer preferences and fashion trends. Failure to do so could adversely affect the level of acceptance ofour products, our brand image and our relationship with our distributors, and therefore have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results ofoperations.The apparel industry is highly competitive, and if we fail to compete effectively, we could lose our market position.The menswear industry is highly competitive in China and worldwide. We compete with various domestic brands with similar business models and target markets.We also compete with a growing number of international brands trying to expand their market share in China to take advantage of rising consumer spending oncasual menswear. Our primary international and domestic competitors include Exceed, Xiniya, Cabbeen, GXG and NQ. Some of our competitors are significantlylarger and have greater financial resources than we do. In order to compete effectively, we must: (1) maintain the image of our brands and our reputation forinnovation and high quality; (2) be flexible and innovative in responding to rapidly changing market demands on the basis of brand image, style, performance andquality; and (3) offer consumers a wide variety of high quality products at competitive prices.4Table of ContentsThe purchasing decisions of consumers are highly subjective and can be influenced by many factors, such as brand image, marketing programs and productfeatures. Some of our competitors enjoy competitive advantages, including greater brand recognition and greater financial resources for competitive activities, suchas sales, marketing and strategic acquisitions. The number of our direct competitors and the intensity of competition may increase as we expand into other productlines or as other companies expand into our product lines. Our competitors may enter into business combinations or alliances that strengthen their competitivepositions or prevent us from taking advantage of such combinations or alliances. Our competitors also may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than wecan to new or changing opportunities, standards or consumer preferences. Our results of operations and market position may be adversely impacted by ourcompetitors and the competitive pressures in the menswear industries.Failure to effectively promote or develop our brand could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.We sell all our products under the KBS brand, from which we derive most of our revenues. Brand image is an important factor that affects a customer’s purchasingdecision for menswear products. Our success therefore depends on, among other things, market recognition and acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture,lifestyle, and images associated with the brand, some of which may not be within our control. We have limited control over our distributors that we rely upon to sellour products, which may limit our ability to ensure a consistent brand image. See “Risks Factors Related to Our Business –We have limited control over the ultimateretail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhere to, or fail to cause the third party retail outletoperators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.” We began designing, promoting, and selling KBS branded products in China in 2006. To effectivelypromote KBS brand, we need build and maintain the brand image by focusing on a variety of promotional and marketing activities to promote brand awareness, aswell as to increase its presence in the markets in which we compete. There is no assurance that we will be able to effectively promote or develop KBS brand, and ifwe fail to do so, the goodwill of KBS brand may be undermined and our business as well as our financial results may be adversely affected. In addition, negativepublicity or disputes regarding KBS brand, products, company, or management could materially and adversely affect public perception of KBS brand. Any impact onour ability to continue to sell KBS brand or any significant damage to KBS brand’s image could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends on the continued service of our senior executives and other key employees. In particular, we rely on the expertise, experience,and business contacts, of Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ms. Lixia Tu, our Director and Chief Financial Officer and Mr. ThemisKalapotharakos, our director. If one or more of our senior executives are unable or unwilling to continue to work for us in their present positions, we may have tospend a considerable amount of time and resources searching, recruiting, and integrating the replacements into our operations, which would substantially divertmanagement’s attention from and severely disrupt the Company business. This may also adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategy. Moreover, ifany of our senior executives joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, suppliers and key employees.Failure to execute our business expansion plan could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.A large part of our initial growth resulted from an increase in the number of our retail sales outlets, including corporate and franchised stores, and the increased salesvolume and profitability provided by these sales outlets. The number of our sales outlets increased from 8 in 2006 to 33 in year 2018.5Table of ContentsWe have our factory located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China, consisting of an aggregate of 110,457 square meters of land. Currently the facility there has aproduction capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year and can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces original equipmentmanufacturer (OEM) products for online stores, regional apparel brands and overseas orders. The construction commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases:Phase 1 consists of the construction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We havecompleted the construction of facilities of Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Phase 3 construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has beendelayed because the local government needs additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Because the time forthe government to resolve this matter is uncertain, we wrote off the land use right of the third parcel of land from account balance, according to the internationalframework reporting standard. Phase 4 includes building production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quartersand living facilities on the third parcel of land. As a result, our commitments to this facility may reduce our liquidity for an indefinite period and until it is completed.We could also indefinitely lose opportunities to expand our sales due to any further delay of our construction.The decision to increase our production capacity was based in part on our projections of market demand for our products and OEM orders from other brand nameowners. If actual customer demand does not meet our projections, we will likely suffer overcapacity problems and may have to leave capacity idle or need to contractout our facilities at an unfavorable price, which may reduce our overall profitability and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our futuresuccess depends on our ability to expand the Company’s business to address growth in demand for our current and future products.Our ability to expand the Company’s business is subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including:●the unavailability of additional funding to invest more in brand recognition such as advertisement, expand our production capacity, purchase additionalfixed assets and purchase raw materials on favorable terms or at all;●our inability to manage an online shop, hire qualified personnel and establish distribution methods;●conditions in the commercial real estate market existing at the time we seek to expand;●delays and cost overruns as a result of a number of factors, many of which may be beyond our control, such as problems with equipment vendors andcontract manufacturers;●failure to maintain high quality control standards;●shortage of raw materials;●our inability to obtain, or delays in obtaining, required approvals by relevant government authorities;●diversion of significant management attention and other resources; and●failure to execute our expansion plan effectively.The expansion of our business may place significant strain on our personnel, management, financial systems and operational infrastructure and may impede ourability to meet any increased demand for our products. To accommodate the Company’s growth, we will need to implement a variety of new and upgradedoperational and financial systems, procedures, and controls, including improvements to our accounting and other internal management systems, by dedicatingadditional resources to our reporting and accounting function and improvements to our record keeping and contract tracking system. We will also need to recruitmore personnel and train and manage our growing employee base. Furthermore, we will need to maintain and expand relationships with our current and futurecustomers, suppliers, distributors and other third parties, and there is no guarantee that we will succeed.In the future, we also intend to invest more resources to research and purchase online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that we will have betteropportunities to expand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores. In addition, we will keep on exploring other areas and business models, such as theuse of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends.If we encounter any of the risks described above or if we are otherwise unable to establish or successfully operate online shops or additional production capacity,we may be unable to grow our business and revenues, reduce our operating costs, maintain our competitiveness or improve our profitability and, consequently, ourbusiness, financial condition, results of operations and prospects will be adversely affected.6Table of ContentsIf we are unable to fund capital expenditures or obtain additional sources of liquidity when we need it, our business may be adversely affected. In addition, ifwe obtain equity financing, the issuance of our equity securities could cause dilution for our stockholders. To the extent we obtain the financing through theissuance of debt securities, our debt service obligations could increase, and we may become subject to restrictive operating and financial covenants.We anticipate that we will make substantial capital investments to expand our business within the next 3 years. There is no assurance that we will have sufficientcash to fund our anticipated capital expenditures. If we need but are unable to obtain adequate financing with on terms favorable to us, we may be unable tosuccessfully maintain our operations and accomplish our growth strategy. In addition, we may be unable to generate sufficient cash internally or obtain alternativesources of capital to fund our proposed capital expenditures, take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures. As a result, we mayseek to sell additional equity securities, debt securities, or borrow from lending institutions. Any issuance of equity securities could cause dilution for ourstockholders. Any incurrence of indebtedness could increase our debt service obligations and cause us to be subject to restrictive operating and financecovenants. Our ability to obtain external financing in the future is also subject to a number of uncertainties, including:●Our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;●general market conditions for financing activities by companies in our industry;●economic, political and other conditions in China and elsewhere; and●uncertain economic prospect and tightened credit markets resulting from the recent global economic slowdown and financial market crisis.If we are unable to obtain funding in a timely manner or on commercially acceptable terms, or at all, our growth prospects and future profitability may be materiallyadversely affected. Adverse changes in the capital markets could make it difficult to obtain capital or obtain it at attractive rates.Our past results may not be indicative of our future performance and evaluating our business and prospects may be difficult.Our business has gone through various stages of the business life cycle in recent years as demonstrated by our growth in net sales, which reached $99.6 million forthe year ended December 31, 2013, while in 2014 our net sales decreased by 40% to $58.8 million and in year 2015 net sales went up slightly by 4.3% to $61.3 million,our net sales decreased by 32.8% to $41.2 million in 2016, net sales decreased 42% to $23.8 million in 2017 and net sales further decreased 22% to $18.53 million in2018. The decrease in sales in 2016, 2017 and 2018 as compared with 2013 was mainly due to the slowdown of the Chinese economic growth and a challenging retailenvironment. As a result, we cannot assure that we will be able to achieve similar growth in future periods as recent years before 2014, and our historical operatingresults may not provide a meaningful basis for evaluating our business, financial performance and prospects. Moreover, our ability to achieve satisfactoryproduction results at higher volumes is unproven. Therefore, you should not rely on our past results or our historical rate of growth as an indication of our futureperformance.We experience fluctuations in operating results.Our annual and quarterly operating results have fluctuated, and are expected to continue to fluctuate. Among the factors that may cause our operating results tofluctuate are customers’ response to merchandise offerings, the timing of the rollout of new sales outlets, seasonal variations in sales, the timing of merchandisereceipts, the level of merchandise returns, changes in merchandise mix and presentation, our cost of merchandise, unanticipated operating costs, and other factorsbeyond our control, such as general economic conditions and actions of competitors.We have historically experienced seasonal fluctuations in our sales. A substantial portion of our revenues are typically earned during the second and fourthquarters and we generally experience lowest revenues during the first and third quarters. If sales during the second and fourth quarters are lower than expected, ouroperating results would be adversely affected, and it would have a disproportionately large impact on our annual operating results. The sales of our products arealso affected by local spending behavior, which are typically affected by seasonal shopping patterns during major Chinese holidays.7Table of ContentsAs a result of these factors, we believe that periodtoperiod comparisons of historical and future results will not necessarily be meaningful and should not be reliedon as an indication of future performance.Our failure to collect the trade receivables or untimely collection could affect our liquidity.Our distributors place advance purchase orders twice a year. From 2015 to 2018, we typically expect and receive payment within 30180 days of product delivery. Inaddition, approximately 83.2% of accounts receivables are within a 180 days credit term. Starting in September 2015, we extended credit to some of our customers to150180 days without requiring collaterals. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of the financial condition of our customers and we generally require no collateralfrom our distributors and authorized retailers to secure their payment obligations. However, our sales going forward may rely more heavily on credit, and if weencounter future problems collecting amounts due from our clients or if we experience delays in the collection of amounts due from our clients, our liquidity could benegatively affected.The Chinese economy experienced a softening of economic growth, and the apparel industry is also facing a downturn. The impact of the current and possiblefuture economic downturn on our distributors cannot be predicted and may be severe, causing a significant impact on their business. As a result, our financialcondition and result of operations could be negatively affected. In addition, if they cannot continue their orders of our products due to the failure of paying us forits previous purchases, our brand image and reputation may be materially negatively affected as well.We rely on distributors for a substantial portion of our sales and the loss of any of our large distributors would harm our business. A substantial portion of our sales are made to distributors that resell our products. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, distributors accounted forapproximately 67% and 73% of our total sales, respectively, and our top five distributors accounted for approximately 23.8% and 34.8% of our total sales,respectively. The marketing efforts of our distributors are critical for our success. If we fail to attract additional distributors, and our existing distributors do notpromote our products at the same or at a greater level than the products of our competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could beadversely affected.Furthermore, there is no assurance that any of our distributors will satisfy the sales targets set forth in their distribution agreements and we or they may not wish torenew the distribution agreements in future years. Moreover, our distributors are not obliged to continue to place orders with the Company at the same level asbefore or at all and there is no assurance that we would be able to obtain orders from other distributors to replace any such lost sales on terms satisfactory to us orall. If any of our largest distributors substantially reduces its purchases from us, or otherwise fails to renew its distribution agreement with us, we may suffer asignificant loss of sales and our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We have limited control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhereto, or fail to cause the third party retail outlet operators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.We rely on the contractual obligations set forth in the distribution agreements that we enter into with our distributors, as well as policies and standards we formulatefrom time to time, to impose our retail policies on these distributors in respect of the franchisee retail outlets. In addition, as we do not enter into any agreementswith the third party retail outlet operators, we rely on our distributors to ensure that these franchisee retail outlets operate in accordance with our retail policies. Assuch, our control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and the franchisee retail outlet operators is limited. There is no assurance that our distributors orthe third party franchisee retail outlet operators will comply with, or that the distributors will enforce, our retail policies. As a result, we may not be able to effectivelymanage our sales network or maintain a uniform brand image, and cannot assure you that franchisee retail outlets would continue to offer quality services toconsumers.8Table of ContentsIn addition, if any of the distributors or third party franchisee retail outlet operators experiences difficulties in selling our products in the retail market, they mayattempt to disregard our pricing policies and liquidate their excessive inventory buildup through aggressive discounts, which may damage the image and the valueof our brand. There is no assurance that we will be able to, in a timely manner, impose penalties on or replace any distributors who consistently fail to comply with,or fail to cause the third party franchisee retail outlet operators appointed by them to comply with, our retail policies in their operation of franchisee retail outlets. Insuch event, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We may not be able to accurately track the inventory levels at our distributors, retailers or department store concessions.Our ability to track the sales by our distributors to thirdparty retailers and the ultimate retail sales by the retailers, and consequently their respective inventorylevels, is limited. We implement a policy to require our distributors to provide us with their sales reports on a weekly basis and we carry out random onsiteinspections of our distributors to track their inventories. The purpose of tracking the inventory level is mainly to gather information regarding the market acceptanceof our products so that we can reflect consumers’ preferences in the design and development of our products for the next season. The tracking of inventory levelalso helps us to understand the market recognition of our products in a particular region, and thus allows us to adjust our marketing strategy if necessary. Theimplementation of the policy, however, requires the distributors to accurately report the relevant data to us in a timely manner, which is largely dependent on thecooperation of the Company’s distributors. We may not always obtain the required data in time and the data provided to us by our distributors may be inaccurate orincomplete.Inaccurate, mistaken, incomplete or delayed data regarding inventory levels may mislead the Company to make wrong business judgments for its production,marketing efforts and sales strategies. If that happens, our operations and financial results may be materially adversely affected. In addition, if we cannot manageinventory levels properly, future orders of our products may be reduced, which would materially adversely affect our future business, financial condition, results ofoperation and prospects.Our operations could be materially adversely affected if we fail to effectively manage our relationships with, or lose the services of, our OEM contractmanufacturers.The production of our brand name products are 100% outsourced to PRCbased thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2018 and2017 we had 5 and 6 contract manufacturers, respectively. Purchases from our top five OEM contract manufacturers accounted for approximately 92% and 88.6% ofour total purchases for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As we do not enter into longterm contracts with our OEM contractmanufacturers, they may decide not to accept our future OEM orders on the same or similar terms, or at all. If an OEM contract manufacturer decides to substantiallyreduce its volume of supply to us or to terminate its business relationship with us, we may not be able to find a proper replacement in a timely manner and may beforced to default on the agreements with our distributors that sell our products. This may negatively impact our revenues and adversely affect our reputation andrelationships with our distributors that sell our products, causing a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.Further, if any of our OEM contract manufacturers fails to provide the required number of products meeting our quality standards, we may have to delay delivery ofproducts to our distributors, become unable to supply products at all, or even recall products previously dispatched. This could cause the Company to loserevenues or market share and damage our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operationsand prospects. In addition, some OEM contract manufacturers may not fully comply with certain laws, such as labor and environmental laws. If any of our OEMcontract manufacturers is found to have violated laws and regulations in the PRC, media reports on such violations may negatively affect our reputation and image,resulting in material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.9Table of ContentsWhile we provide the designs of our products to the OEM contract manufacturers, as well as guidance for manufacturing the products ordered by us, we do nothave direct control over the OEM contract manufacturers. If any of them is involved in unauthorized production and sale of goods using the KBS brand, ourreputation, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.As the Company grows, our reliance on OEM contract manufacturers may also grow as our added production capacity may not be sufficient to keep pace with theincreased production requirements driven by our growth. We may not be able to find sufficient additional OEM contract manufacturers to produce our products onthe same or similar terms as our existing OEM contract manufacturers, and we may not be able to achieve our growth and development goals.Any interruption in our operations could impair our financial performance and negatively affect our brand. Our operations are complicated and integrated, involving the coordination of thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers and external distribution processes. Whilethese operations are modified on a regular basis in an effort to improve outsourcing and distribution efficiency and flexibility, we may experience difficulties incoordinating the various aspects of our operations processes, thereby causing downtime and delays. In addition, we may encounter interruption in our operationsprocesses due to a catastrophic loss or events beyond our control, such as fires, explosions, labor disturbances or violent weather conditions. Any interruptions inour operations or capabilities at our facilities could result in our inability to procure our products, which would reduce our net sales and earnings for the affectedperiod. If there are delays in delivery times to our customers, our business and reputation could be severely affected. Any significant delays in deliveries to ourcustomers could lead to increased returns or cancellations and cause the Company to lose future sales. The Company currently does not have business interruptioninsurance to offset these potential losses, delays and risks so a material interruption of our business operations could severely damage our business.We rely heavily on our management information system for inventory management, distribution and other functions. If our system fail to perform thesefunctions adequately or if we experience an interruption in our operation, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. The efficient operation of our business is dependent on our management information systems. We rely heavily on our management information systems to manageour order entry, order fulfillment, pricing, pointofsale and inventory replenishment processes. We cannot assure you that our management information system will operate properly or without interruption. Any malfunction to any part or all of our managementinformation system for a prolonged period may cause delays in operations or impairment of our overall business efficiency. We also cannot ensure that the level ofsecurity currently maintained will be sufficient to protect the system from third party intrusions, viruses, lost or stolen data, or similar situations. Additionally, aspart of our growth and development strategy over the next few years, we plan to upgrade and improve our management information system. We cannot assure youthat there will be no interruptions to our management information system during the upgrades or that the new management information system will be able tointegrate fully with the existing information system. The failure of our management information system to perform as we anticipate could disrupt our business and could result in decreased revenue, increased overheadcosts and excess or outofstock inventory levels, causing our business and results of operations to suffer materially. Failure to protect the integrity, security and use of our customers’ information and media could expose us to litigation and materially damage our standingwith our customers. Increasing costs associated with information security — such as increased investment in technology, the costs of compliance with consumer protection laws andcosts resulting from consumer fraud — could cause our business and results of operations to suffer materially. While we have taken significant steps to protectcustomer and confidential information, including entering into confidentiality agreements with relevant employees and incorporate confidentiality clauses in ourpolicies, there can be no assurance that advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments will prevent thecompromise of our customer transaction processing capabilities and personal data. If any such compromise of our security were to occur, it could have a materialadverse effect on our reputation, operating results and financial condition. Any such compromise may materially increase the costs we incur to protect against suchinformation security breaches and could subject us to additional legal risk. Procurement specialists and managers are required to sign a confidentiality agreement. 10Table of ContentsWe have limited insurance coverage in China and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses. Operation of our facilities involves many risks, including equipment failures, natural disasters, industrial accidents, power outages, labor disturbances and otherbusiness interruptions. We do not carry any business interruption insurance, product recall or thirdparty liability insurance for our production facilities or withrespect to our products to cover claims pertaining to personal injury or property or environmental damage arising from defects in our products, product recalls,accidents on our property or damage relating to our operations. While business interruption insurance and other types of insurance are available to a limited extentin China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of such insurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commerciallyreasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Therefore, our existing insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all risks associatedwith our business. As a result, we may be required to pay for financial and other losses, damages and liabilities, including those caused by natural disasters andother events beyond our control, out of our own funds, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our inability to protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights may prevent us from successfully marketing our products and competingeffectively. We believe our trademarks and other intellectual property rights are important to our success and competitive position and recognize the importance of registeringthe trademarks related to our KBS brand for protection against infringement. We currently hold two registered trademarks. Failure to protect our intellectual propertycould harm our brand and our reputation, and adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. Further, enforcing or defending our intellectual property rights,including our trademarks, patents, copyrights and trade secrets, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. We produce, marketand sell our products under registered trademarks. We regard our intellectual property, particularly our trademarks and trade secrets to be of considerable value andimportance to our business and our success. We rely on a combination of trademark, patent, and trade secrecy laws, and contractual provisions to protect ourintellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect these proprietary rights will be adequate or that third parties will notinfringe or misappropriate our trademarks, trade secrets or similar proprietary rights. In addition, there can be no assurance that other parties will not assertinfringement claims against us, and we may have to pursue litigation against other parties to assert our rights. Any such claim or litigation could be costly, and wemay lack the resources required to defend against such claims. In addition, any event that would jeopardize our proprietary rights or any claims of infringement bythird parties could have a material adverse effect on our ability to market or sell our brands, and profitably exploit our products.Environmental regulations impose substantial costs and limitations on our operations. We use chemicals and produce significant emissions in our manufacturing operations. As such, we are subject to various national and local environmental laws andregulations in China concerning issues such as air emissions, wastewater discharges, and solid waste management and disposal. These laws and regulations canrestrict or limit our operations and expose us to liability and penalties for noncompliance. While we believe that our facilities are in material compliance with allapplicable environmental laws and regulations, the risks of substantial unanticipated costs and liabilities related to compliance with these laws and regulations arean inherent part of our business. It is possible that future conditions may develop, arise or be discovered that create new environmental compliance or remediationliabilities and costs. While we believe that we can comply with existing environmental legislation and regulatory requirements and that the costs of compliance havebeen included within budgeted cost estimates, compliance may prove to be more limiting and costly than anticipated.We may be unable to establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, and, as a result, we may be unable to accuratelyreport our financial results or prevent fraud.We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities law. The SEC as required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (“SOX 404”), adoptedrules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal control over financial reporting in its annual report, which mustalso contain management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, the independent registered publicaccounting firm auditing the financial statements of a company that is not a nonaccelerated filer under Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act must also attest to theoperating effectiveness of the company’s internal controls.11Table of ContentsFailure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could result in our inability to accurately report our financial results, prevent or detect fraudor provide timely and reliable financial and other information pursuant to the reporting obligations we have as a public company, which could have a materialadverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, it could cause our investors to lose confidence in the information we report,which could adversely affect our stock price.RISKS RELATED TO DOING BUSINESS IN CHINAOur business operation may be affected if we are forced to relocate our manufacturing facilities and stores.We leased the premises for our office located in Shishi and one corporate store. However, none of our lease agreements have been registered with the relevantgovernmental agencies. According to our PRC legal counsel, without registration, our rights to use and occupy the premises may not be secured if any third partiessuch as other tenants who have registered their lease agreements challenge us under PRC law. Moreover, while we have taken various measures to verify theownership of property such as checking utility bills and search government records, most of our landlords have declined to confirm whether they possess theproperty ownership certificates and land use rights certificates for our properties. As a result, we have been unable to verify whether third parties may assert theirownership rights under PRC law against most of our landlords or challenge most of our leases in the future. If our rights to use the premises are challenged, we maybe forced to relocate to other premises. We may not be able to relocate to a suitable premise promptly or lease alternative premises on terms at least as favorable asour existing ones. In addition, relocation costs and interruption of production may have a material adverse effect on our business operation and financialperformance.Changes in the economic and political policies of the PRC government could have a material and adverse effect on our business and operations.We conduct substantially all our business operations in China. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are significantly dependenton economic and political developments in China. China’s economy differs from the economies of developed countries in many aspects, including the level ofdevelopment, growth rate and degree of government control over foreign exchange and allocation of resources. While China’s economy has experienced significantgrowth in the past 30 years, the growth has been uneven across different regions and periods and among various economic sectors in China. We cannot assure youthat China’s economy will continue to grow, or that if there is growth, such growth will be steady and uniform, or that if there is a slowdown, such slowdown will nothave a negative effect on its business and results of operations.The PRC government exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, control over payment of foreign currencydenominated obligations, implementation of monetary policy, and preferential treatment of particular industries or companies. Certain measures adopted by the PRCgovernment may restrict loans to certain industries, such as changes in the statutory deposit reserve ratio and lending guidelines for commercial banks by thePeople’s Bank of China, or PBOC. These current and future government actions could materially affect our liquidity, access to capital, and ability to operate ourbusiness.The global financial markets experienced significant disruptions in 2008 and the United States, Europe and other economies went into recession. Since 2012, growthof the Chinese economy has slowed. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources.Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy but may also have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operation could bematerially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, any stimulusmeasures designed to boost the Chinese economy, may contribute to higher inflation, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.See “Risks Related to Doing Business in China Future inflation in China may inhibit our ability to conduct business in China.”12Table of ContentsUncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the legal protections available to you and us.We conduct substantially all of our business through our operating subsidiaries in the PRC. Our operating subsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulationsapplicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws applicable to foreigninvested enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes, andprior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, a series of new PRC laws and regulations have significantlyenhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, since the PRC legal system continues to evolve rapidly, theinterpretations of many laws, regulations, and rules are not always uniform, and enforcement of these laws, regulations, and rules involve uncertainties, which maylimit legal protections available to you and us. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources andmanagement attention. In addition, most of our executive officers and directors are residents of China and not of the United States, and substantially all the assets ofthese persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it could be difficult for investors to affect service of process in the United States or to enforce ajudgment obtained in the United States against our Chinese operations and subsidiaries.You may have difficulty enforcing judgments against us.Most of our assets are located outside of the United States and most of our current operations are conducted in the PRC. In addition, most of our directors andofficers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons is located outside the UnitedStates. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce inU.S. courts judgments on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, most of whom are not residents inthe United States and the substantial majority of whose assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts ofthe PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts. Our counsel as to PRC law has advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgmentsare provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. Courts in China may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRCCivil Procedures Law based on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have anytreaties or other arrangements that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments with the United States. In addition, according to thePRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violatesbasic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security, or the public interest. So, it is uncertain whether a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by acourt in the United States.The PRC government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities.The PRC government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and stateownership. Our ability to operate in China may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, import and export tariffs,environmental regulations, land use rights, property, and other matters. We believe that our operations in China are in material compliance with all applicable legaland regulatory requirements. However, the central or local governments of the jurisdictions in which we operate may impose new, stricter regulations orinterpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations orinterpretations.Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision not to continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more centrally plannedeconomy or regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant effect on economic conditions in China or particularregions thereof and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then hold in Chinese properties or joint venturesRestrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our sales effectively. The majority of our sales will be settled in RMB and U.S. dollars, and any future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit our ability to use revenue generated inRMB to fund any future business activities outside China or to make dividend or other payments in U.S. dollars. Although the Chinese government introducedregulations in 1996 to allow greater convertibility of the RMB for current account transactions, significant restrictions still remain, including primarily the restrictionthat foreigninvested enterprises may only buy, sell or remit foreign currencies after providing valid commercial documents, at those banks in China authorized toconduct foreign exchange business. In addition, conversion of RMB for capital account items, including direct investment and loans, is subject to governmentalapproval in China, and companies are required to open and maintain separate foreign exchange accounts for capital account items. We cannot be certain that theChinese regulatory authorities will not impose more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of the RMB in the future.13Table of ContentsFluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.The value of our securities will be indirectly affected by the foreign exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and RMB and between those currencies and othercurrencies in which our sales may be denominated. Appreciation or depreciation in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial resultsreported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations. Fluctuations in the exchange rate will alsoaffect the relative value of any dividend we issue that will be exchanged into U.S. dollars, as well as earnings from, and the value of, any U.S. dollardenominatedinvestments we make in the future.Since July 2005, the RMB has no longer been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Since then the RMB has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly andunpredictably, and in recent years the RMB has depreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progresstowards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate systemand there is no guarantee that the RMB will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how marketforces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future.Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedgingtransactions. While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited, and we may not beable to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition, our foreign currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrictour ability to convert RMB into foreign currencies. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends and other distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you, and otherwise fund and conduct our business. Substantially all of our sales are earned by our PRC subsidiaries. However, PRC regulations restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make dividends and otherpayments to their offshore parent companies. PRC legal restrictions permit payments of dividends by our PRC subsidiaries only out of their accumulated aftertaxprofits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are also required under PRC laws and regulations toallocate at least 10% of their annual aftertax profits determined in accordance with PRC GAAP to a statutory general reserve fund until the amounts in said fundreaches 50% of their registered capital. Allocations to these statutory reserve funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not transferable to us in the formof loans, advances, or cash dividends. Any limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to transfer funds to us could materially and adversely limit our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends and otherwise fund and conduct our business.PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary toliability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital ordistribute profits.SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing andRoundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as “SAFECircular 75” promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of the SAFE in connection with theirdirect establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets orequity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a “special purpose vehicle.” SAFE Circular 37 furtherrequires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capitalcontributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in aspecial purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profitdistributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent crossborder foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted inits ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described abovecould result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for theForeign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015 by SAFE, local banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration foroverseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under SAFE Circular 37 from June 1, 2015.14Table of ContentsAccording to SAFE Circular 37, our shareholders or beneficial owners, who are PRC residents, are subject to SAFE Circular 37 or other foreign exchangeadministrative regulations in respect of their investment in our company. We have notified substantial beneficial owners of ordinary shares who we know are PRCresidents of their filing obligations. Nevertheless, we may not be aware of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. We do not havecontrol over our beneficial owners and there can be no assurance that all of our PRCresident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE Circular 37 and subsequentimplementation rules, and there is no assurance that the registration under SAFE Circular 37 and any amendment will be completed in a timely manner, or will becompleted at all. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their foreign exchange registrations in a timely manner pursuant toSAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with theregistration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to fines andlegal sanctions. Such failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiary and limitour PRC subsidiary’s ability to distribute dividends to our company. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and resultsof operations.Furthermore, SAFE Circular 37 is unclear how this regulation, and any future regulation concerning offshore or crossborder transactions, will be interpreted,amended and implemented by the relevant PRC government authorities, and we cannot predict how these regulations will affect our business operations or futurestrategy. Failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRCsubsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to us. These risks could in the future have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results ofoperations.We may be unable to complete a business combination transaction efficiently or on favorable terms due to complicated merger and acquisition regulationswhich became effective on September 8, 2006.On August 9, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the China Securities Regulatory Commission, promulgated the Regulation on Mergers and Acquisitionsof Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006, and was subsequently amended in 2009. This regulation, among otherthings, governs the approval process of a PRC company’s participation in an acquisition of assets or equity interests. Depending on the structure of the transaction,the regulation requires the PRC parties to make a series of applications and supplemental applications to the government agencies for approval of acquisition ofassets or equity interests from other entity. In some instances, the application process may require a presentation of economic data concerning the transaction,including appraisals of the target business and evaluations of the acquirer, which are designed to allow the government to assess viability of the transaction.Government approvals will have expiration dates, by which a transaction must be completed and reported to the government agencies. Compliance with theregulation is likely to be more time consuming and expensive than it was in the past, and provides the government more controls over business combination of twoenterprises. As a result, our ability to engage in business combination transactions has become significantly more complicated, time consuming, and expensive. Wemay not be able to negotiate a transaction that is acceptable to our stockholders or sufficiently protect their interests in a transaction.The regulation allows PRC governmental agencies to assess the economic terms of a business combination transaction. Parties to a business combinationtransaction may have to submit to MOFCOM and other relevant government agencies an appraisal report, an evaluation report, and the acquisition agreement, all ofwhich were a part of the application for approval, depending on the structure of the transaction. The regulation also prohibits a transaction with an acquisition priceobviously lower than the appraised value of the PRC business or assets and in certain transaction structures, and requires consideration being paid within a definedperiod, generally not in excess of a year. The regulation also limits our ability to negotiate various terms of the acquisition, including the initial consideration,contingent consideration, holdback provisions, indemnification provisions, and provisions related to the assumption and allocation of assets and liabilities.Transaction structures involving trusts, nominees and similar entities are prohibited. Therefore, such regulation may impede our ability to negotiate and complete abusiness combination transaction on financial terms that satisfy our investors and protect our stockholders’ economic interests.15Table of ContentsPRC regulation of loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion mayrestrict or prevent us from using the proceeds of our future financings to make loans to our PRC subsidiaries, or to make additional capital contributions toour PRC subsidiary.We, as an offshore holding company, are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC subsidiary, which are treated as foreigninvestedenterprises under PRC laws, through loans or capital contributions. However, loans by us to any PRC subsidiary to finance its activities cannot exceed statutorylimits and must be registered with the local counterpart of SAFE and capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary are subject to the requirement of making necessaryfilings in the Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System, and registration with other governmental authorities in China.SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital ofForeigninvested Enterprises, or Circular 19, effective on June 1, 2015, in replacement of the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvementof the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign Invested Enterprises, or Circular 142, the Notice from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Exchange Businesses, or Circular 59, and theCircular on Further Clarification and Regulation of the Issues Concerning the Administration of Certain Capital Account Foreign Exchange Businesses, orCircular 45. According to Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of a foreigninvestedcompany is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans, the repayment of interenterprise loans or the repayment ofbank loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of aforeign invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within the PRC, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFEwill permit such capital to be used for equity investments in the PRC in actual practice. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, whichreiterates some of the rules set forth in Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registeredcapital of a foreigninvested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to grant loans to nonassociated enterprises.Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. Circular 19 and Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer anyforeign currency we hold, including the net proceeds from our future financings, to our PRC subsidiary, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability tofund and expand our business in the PRC.Due to the restrictions imposed on loans in foreign currencies extended to any PRC domestic companies, we are not likely to make such loans to any of our PRCsubsidiaries. Meanwhile, we are not likely to finance the activities of our subsidiaries by means of capital contributions given the restrictions on foreign investmentin the businesses that are currently conducted by our subsidiaries.In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannotassure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, withrespect to future loans to our PRC subsidiary or any consolidated variable interest entity or future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiary. As a result,uncertainties exist as to our ability to provide prompt financial support to our PRC subsidiaries when needed. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain suchapprovals, our ability to use foreign currency, including the proceeds we received from our future financings, and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operationsmay be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.16Table of ContentsAny failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal oradministrative sanctions.Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas nonpubliclylisted companies may submit applications to SAFE orits local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. In the meantime, our directors, executive officers andother employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year, subject to limitedexceptions, and who have been granted restricted shares, options or restricted share units, or RSUs, by us or our overseas listed subsidiaries may follow the Noticeon Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company,issued by SAFE in February 2012, to apply for the foreign exchange registration. According to those regulations, employees, directors and other managementmembers participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC citizens residing in China for acontinuous period of not less than one year, subject to limited exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which may be aPRC subsidiary of the overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines andlegal sanctions and may also limit their ability to make payment under the relevant equity incentive plans or receive dividends or sales proceeds related thereto inforeign currencies, or our ability to contribute additional capital into our domestic subsidiaries in China and limit our domestic subsidiaries’ ability to distributedividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties under PRC law that could restrict our ability or the ability of our overseas listed subsidiaries to adoptadditional equity incentive plans for our directors and employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period ofnot less than one year, subject to limited exceptions.In addition, the State Administration of Taxation has issued circulars concerning employee share options, restricted shares or RSUs. Under these circulars,employees working in the PRC who exercise share options, or whose restricted shares or RSUs vest, will be subject to PRC individual income tax. The PRCsubsidiaries of an overseas listed company have obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authoritiesand to withhold individual income taxes of those employees related to their share options, restricted shares or RSUs. If the employees fail to pay, or the PRCsubsidiaries fail to withhold, their income taxes according to relevant laws, rules and regulations, the PRC subsidiaries may face sanctions imposed by the taxauthorities.Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a “resident enterprise” of China. Such classification will likely result in unfavorable taxconsequences to us and our nonPRC shareholders.On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress of China passed a new Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law. On November 28, 2007, the State Council ofChina passed its implementing rules, which took effect on January 1, 2008. Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto managementbodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise,” meaning that it can be treated in a manner similar to a Chinese enterprise for enterprise income taxpurposes. The implementing rules of the EIT Law define de facto management as “substantial and overall management and control over the production andoperations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise.On April 22, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice Concerning Relevant Issues Regarding Cognizance of Chinese Investment ControlledEnterprises Incorporated Offshore as Resident Enterprises. According to the Criteria of de facto Management Bodies, or the Notice, further interprets the applicationof the EIT Law and its implementation nonChinese enterprise or group controlled offshore entities. Pursuant to the Notice, an enterprise incorporated in an offshorejurisdiction and controlled by a Chinese enterprise or group will be classified as a “nondomestically incorporated resident enterprise” if (i) its senior management incharge of daily operations reside or perform their duties mainly in China; (ii) its financial or personnel decisions are made or approved by bodies or persons in China;(iii) its substantial assets and properties, accounting books, corporate chops, board and shareholder minutes are kept in China; and (iv) at least half of its directorswith voting rights or senior management often resident in China. A resident enterprise would be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on its worldwideincome and must pay a withholding tax at a rate of 10%, when paying dividends to its nonPRC shareholders. However, it remains unclear as to whether the Notice isapplicable to an offshore enterprise incorporated by a Chinese natural person, nor detailed measures on imposition of tax from nondomestically incorporatedresident enterprises are available. Therefore, it is unclear how tax authorities will determine tax residency based on the facts of each case.17Table of ContentsWe may be deemed to be a resident enterprise by Chinese tax authorities. If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for the PRCenterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on financingproceeds and nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although, under the EIT Law and its implementingrules, dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued a guidance with respect to the processingof outbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for the PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidanceissued with respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation, which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to ournonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC stockholders from transferring our shares.Our failure to fully comply with PRC laws relating to social insurance and housing accumulation fund may expose it to potential administrative penalties. The PRC laws and regulations require all employers in China to fully contribute their own portion to the social insurance and housing accumulation funds for theiremployees within a certain period of time. Failure to do so may expose the employers to make rectification for the unpaid contributions by the relevant laborauthority. As of the date of this report, Hongri PRC has not paid housing accumulation funds for its employees. In addition, Hongri PRC failed to make contributions to thesocial insurance in full amount for its employees before 2014. PRC governmental authorities may impose penalties on Hongri PRC for failure to comply. In addition, inthe event that any current or former employee files a complaint with the PRC government, Hongri PRC may be subject to making up the contributions to the socialinsurance and housing accumulation funds as well as paying administrative fines. The total cost of these contributions and any related fines or penalties could besignificant and could have a material adverse effect on our working capital. We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Chinese anticorruption laws, and any determination that we violated these lawscould have a material adverse effect on our business. We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act, or FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and theirofficials and political parties by U.S. persons and issuers as defined by the statute, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have operations,agreements with third parties, and make most of our sales in China. The PRC also strictly prohibits bribery of government officials. Our activities in China create therisk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company, even though they may not alwaysbe subject to our control. It is our policy to implement safeguards to discourage these practices by our employees. However, our existing safeguards and any futureimprovements may prove to be less than effective, and the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company may engage in conduct for whichwe might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA or Chinese anticorruption laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to otherliabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the U.S. government may seek to hold our Companyliable for successor liability FCPA violations committed by companies in which we invest or that we acquire. If we become directly subject to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.listed Chinese companies, we may have to expendsignificant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations, stock price and reputation, and could result in a loss ofyour investment in our stock, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favorably. In the past few years, U.S. publicly traded companies that have substantially all of their operations in China, particularly companies like us have been the subject ofintense scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators, and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism,and negative publicity has centered around financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, lacking effective internal controls over financial accounting,inadequate corporate governance policies or lacking of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, criticism, and negativepublicity, the publicly traded stocks of many U.S. listed Chinese companies have sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, have become virtually worthless.Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions, and are conducting internal and external investigations into theallegations. It is not clear the effect of this sectorwide scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity will have on our Company, our business, and our stock price. If webecome the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources toinvestigate such allegations defending our Company. This situation will be costly, time consuming, and distract our management from growing our company.18Table of ContentsThe disclosures in our reports and other filings with the SEC and our other public pronouncements will not be subject to the scrutiny of any regulatory bodiesin the PRC. Accordingly, our public disclosure should be reviewed in light of the fact that no governmental agency that is located in China where all of ouroperations and business are located have conducted any due diligence on our operations or reviewed or cleared any of our disclosure. Unlike public reporting companies whose operations are located primarily in the United States, however, all of our operations will be located in China. Since all of ouroperations and business takes place in China, it may be more difficult for the Staff of the SEC to overcome the geographic and cultural obstacles that are presentwhen reviewing our disclosure. These same obstacles are not present for similar companies whose operations or business take place entirely or primarily in theUnited States. Furthermore, our SEC reports and other disclosure and public pronouncements are not subject to the review or scrutiny of any PRC regulatoryauthority. For example, the disclosure in our SEC reports and other filings are not subject to the review of the CSRC, a PRC regulator that is tasked with oversight ofthe capital markets in China. Accordingly, you should review our SEC reports, filings and our other public pronouncements with the understanding that no localregulator has done any due diligence on our company and with the understanding that none of our SEC reports, other filings or any of our other publicpronouncements has been reviewed or otherwise been scrutinized by any local regulator. Proceedings instituted by the SEC against five PRCbased accounting firms could result in financial statements being determined to be not in compliance withthe requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.In December 2012, the SEC instituted proceedings under Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) of the SEC’s Rules of Practice against five PRCbased accounting firms alleging that thesefirms had violated U.S. securities laws and the SEC’s rules and regulations thereunder by failing to provide to the SEC the firms’ work papers related to their audits ofcertain PRCbased companies that are publicly traded in the United States. Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) grants to the SEC the authority to deny to any person, temporarily orpermanently, the ability to practice before the SEC who is found by the SEC, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, to have willfully violated, or willfully aidedand abetted the violation of, any such laws or rules and regulations. On January 22, 2014, an initial administrative law decision was issued, sanctioning four of theseaccounting firms and suspending them from practicing before the SEC for a period of six months. The sanction will not take effect until there is an order ofeffectiveness issued by the SEC. In February 2014, four of these PRCbased accounting firms filed a petition for review of the initial decision. In February 2015, eachof these four accounting firms agreed to a censure and to pay fine to the SEC to settle the dispute with the SEC. The settlement stays the current proceeding for fouryears, during which time the firms are required to follow detailed procedures to seek to provide the SEC with access to Chinese firms’ audit documents via the CSRC.If a firm does not follow the procedures, the SEC would impose penalties such as suspensions, or commence a new, expedited administrative proceeding against thenoncompliant firm or it could restart the administrative proceeding against all four firms.If our independent registered public accounting firm were denied, temporarily or permanently, the ability to practice before the SEC, and we are unable to find in atimely manner another registered public accounting firm which can audit and issue a report on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determinedto not be in compliance with the requirements for financial statements of public companies with a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the SEC’s revocation of the registration of our common stock under theExchange Act, which would cause the immediate delisting of our common stock from the NASDAQ Capital Market, and the effective termination of the tradingmarket for our common stock in the United States, which would likely have a significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.19Table of ContentsOur holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should we decide inthe future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depend upon the receipts of dividends or other payments fromour operating subsidiaries, other holdings, and investments. In addition, our operating subsidiaries, from time to time, may be subject to restrictions on their abilityto make distributions to us, including as a result of restrictive covenants in loan agreements, restrictions on the conversion of local currency into U.S. dollars orother hard currency, and other regulatory restrictions as discussed below. If future dividends are paid in RMB, fluctuations in the exchange rate for conversion ofRMB into U.S. dollars may reduce the amount received by the U.S. stockholders upon conversion of dividend payments into U.S. dollars.Chinese regulations currently permit the payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards andregulations. Our subsidiaries in China are also required to set aside a portion of their aftertax profits to fund certain reserve funds according to the Chineseaccounting standards and regulations. Currently, our subsidiaries in China are the only sources of revenues or investment holdings for the payment of dividends. Ifthey do not accumulate sufficient profits under Chinese accounting standards and regulations to satisfy certain reserve funds as required by the Chineseaccounting standards, we will be unable to pay any dividends.Aftertax profits/losses with respect to the payment of dividends from accumulated profits and the annual appropriation of aftertax profits as calculated pursuant tothe Chinese accounting standards and regulations do not result in significant differences as compared to aftertax earnings as presented in our financial statements.However, there are certain differences between PRC accounting standards and regulations and U.S. GAAP, arising from different treatment of items such asamortization of intangible assets and change in fair value of contingent consideration rising from business combinations.RISKS RELATED TO THIS OFFERING AND THE MARKET FOR OUR SECURITIES GENERALLYIf we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of NASDAQ, we would face possible delisting, which would result in a limited public market for ourshares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Our common stock is traded and listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “KBSF.” The common stock may be delisted if we fail to maintain certainNasdaq listing requirements. For instance, companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bidprice per share of $1.00 for 30 consecutive business days. On March 3, 2016, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the 30 consecutive businessdays between January 20, 2016 and March 2, 2016, the bid price of our common stock closed below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQListing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued inclusion on The NASDAQ Capital Market. In accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we had an initial graceperiod of 180 calendar days, or until August 30, 2016, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. After the Company effectuated a oneforfifteenreverse stock split of the outstanding common stock, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq on February 27, 2017 stating that because the Company maintainedthe closing bid price of its common stock at $1.00 per share or greater from February 9 to February 24, 2017, they determined that the Company has regainedcompliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement.We cannot ensure you that we will continue to comply with the requirements for continued listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If our commonstock is no longer listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market, our shares would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our shares could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, andsecurity analysts’ coverage of us may be reduced. In addition, in the event our shares are delisted, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed uponthem, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions in our shares, further limiting the liquidity of our shares. These factors could result in lowerprices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our shares. Such delisting from The NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our shareprice could also greatly impair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing, and could significantly increase the ownershipdilution to shareholders caused by our issuing equity in financing or other transactions.20Table of ContentsIf we were delisted from NASDAQ, we may become subject to the trading complications experienced by “Penny Stocks” in the overthecounter market.Delisting from NASDAQ may cause our shares of common stock to become the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. The SEC generally defines a penny stock as an equitysecurity that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. One such exemption is tobe listed on NASDAQ. The market price of our common stock is currently higher than $1.00 per share. However, because the daily trading volume in our commonstock is very low, significant price movement can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Therefore, were we to be delisted from NASDAQ,our common stock may become subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. These rules require, among other things, that any broker engaging in a purchase or sale ofour securities provide its customers with: (i) a risk disclosure document, (ii) disclosure of market quotations, if any, (iii) disclosure of the compensation of the brokerand its salespersons in the transaction and (iv) monthly account statements showing the market values of our securities held in the customer’s accounts. A brokerwould be required to provide the bid and offer quotations and compensation information before effecting the transaction. This information must be contained on thecustomer’s confirmation. Generally, brokers are less willing to effect transactions in penny stocks due to these additional delivery requirements. These requirementsmay make it more difficult for shareholders to purchase or sell our shares. Because the broker, not us, prepares this information, we would not be able to assure thatsuch information is accurate, complete or current.Trading in our shares over the last three months has been very limited, so our stock price is highly volatile, leading to the possibility that you may not be able tosell as much stock as you want at prevailing prices.Because approximately 70% of our then issued and outstanding shares of common stock was tendered in the tender offering closed on July 29, 2014, we currentlyhave a limited amount of shares eligible for public trading. The average daily trading volume in our common stock over the last three months is very limited. If limitedtrading in our common stock continues, it may be difficult for investors to sell their shares in the public market at any given time at prevailing prices. Moreover, themarket price for shares of our common stock may be made more volatile because of the relatively low volume of trading in our common stock. When trading volumeis low, significant price movement of our common stock can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Volatility in our common stock couldcause stockholders to incur substantial losses.Numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly.There are numerous additional factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly. Thesefactors include:●our earnings releases, actual or anticipated changes in our earnings, fluctuations in our operating results or our failure to meet the expectations of financialmarket analysts and investors;●changes in financial estimates by us or by any securities analysts who might cover our shares;●speculation about our business in the press or the investment community;●significant developments relating to our relationships with our customers or suppliers;●stock market price and volume fluctuations of other publicly traded companies and, in particular, those that are in our industries;●customer demand for our products;●investor perceptions of our industry in general and our company in particular;●the operating and stock performance of comparable companies;●general economic conditions and trends;●major catastrophic events;●announcements by us or our competitors of new products, significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships or divestitures;●changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretation or principles;●loss of external funding sources;●sales of our shares, including sales by our directors, officers or significant shareholders; and●additions or departures of key personnel.21Table of ContentsSecurities class action litigation is often instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their share price. This type of litigation could result insubstantial costs to us and divert our management’s attention and resources. Moreover, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price andvolume fluctuations for reasons unrelated to operating performance of particular companies. For example, in July 2008, the securities markets in the United States,China and other jurisdictions experienced the largest decline in share prices since September 2001. These market fluctuations may adversely affect the price of ourshares and other interests in our company at a time when you want to sell your interest in us.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and do not anticipate paying any cashdividends on our shares. Accordingly, investors must be prepared to rely on sales of their shares after price appreciation to earn an investment return, which maynever occur. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our shares. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion ofour Board of Directors, and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable laws, and otherfactors our board deems relevant.Certain of our shareholders hold a significant percentage of our outstanding voting securities.Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, is the beneficial owner of approximately 37% of our outstanding voting securities. As a result, hepossesses significant influence and can elect a majority of our board of directors and authorize or prevent proposed significant corporate transactions. Hisownership and control may also have the effect of delaying or preventing a future change in control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other businesscombination or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer.Our outstanding warrants may adversely affect the market price of our shares of common stock.There are currently 393,836 warrants outstanding. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50. The sale orpossibility of sale of the shares underlying the warrants could have an adverse effect on the market price for our shares of common stock or our ability to obtainfuture financing. If and to the extent these warrants are exercised, you may experience dilution to your holdings.You will not be able to exercise your redeemable warrants if we do not have an effective registration statement and a prospectus in place when you desire to doso.No redeemable warrants will be exercisable, and we will not be obligated to issue shares of common stock upon exercise of redeemable warrants by a holder unless,at the time of such exercise, we have a registration statement or posteffective amendment under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuableupon the exercise of the redeemable warrants and a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Under the terms of a redeemable warrant agreementbetween American Stock Transfer & Trust Company as warrant agent, and us, we have agreed to use our best efforts to have a registration statement in effectcovering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants from the date the redeemable warrants become exercisable and to maintain acurrent prospectus relating to shares of common stock until the redeemable warrants expire or are redeemed, and to take such action as is necessary to qualify theshares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants for sale in those states in which the IPO was initially qualified. However, we cannotassure you that we will be able to do so. We may be unable to have a registration statement in effect covering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of theredeemable warrants or to maintain a current prospectus relating to such shares of common stock if, for example, we lack the current financial statements necessaryto be included in such registration statement or prospectus. We have no obligation to settle the redeemable warrants for cash, in any event, and the redeemablewarrants may not be exercised and we will not deliver securities therefor in the absence of an effective registration statement and a prospectus available for use. Theredeemable warrants may be deprived of any value, the market for the redeemable warrants may be limited if there is no registration statement in effect covering theshares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the redeemable warrants or the prospectus relating to the shares of common stock issuable upon the exerciseof the redeemable warrants is not current and the redeemable warrants may expire worthless. If you are unable to exercise or sell your redeemable warrants, you willhave paid the full unit price for only the shares of common stock underlying the units.22Table of ContentsHolders of warrants included in the placement units may exercise these warrants even if an effective registration statement and a prospectus is not in place,which means they may be able to exercise such warrants while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.Unlike the warrants underlying the units issued in connection with our IPO, the warrants included in the placement units will not be restricted from being exercisedin the absence of a registration statement under the Securities Act in effect covering the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the such warrantsand a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Therefore, the holders thereof will be able to exercise such warrants regardless of whether the issuanceof the underlying shares of common stock is registered under the Securities Act, while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.We are a “foreign private issuer” and have disclosure obligations that are different than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. Therefore, you should notexpect to receive the same information about us as a U.S. domestic reporting company may provide. Furthermore, if we or lose our status as a foreign privateissuer, we would be required to fully comply with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers and incur significantoperational, administrative, legal, and accounting costs that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer.We are a foreign private issuer. As a result, we are not subject to certain of the requirements imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the SEC. For example, we arenot required by the SEC or the federal securities laws to issue quarterly reports or file proxy statements with the SEC. We are also allowed to file our annual reportwith the SEC within four months of our fiscal year end. We are also not required to disclose certain detailed information regarding executive compensation that isrequired from U.S. domestic issuers. Further, our directors and executive officers are not required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Securities Act. Asa foreign private issuer, we are also exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups ofinvestors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. We are, however, still subject to the antifraud and antimanipulation rules ofthe SEC, such as Rule 10b5. Since many of the disclosure obligations required of us as a foreign private issuer are different than those required by U.S. domesticreporting companies, our shareholders should not expect to receive all of the same types of information about us and at the same time as information is receivedfrom, or provided by, U.S. domestic reporting companies. We are liable for violations of the rules and regulations of the SEC, which do apply to us as a foreignprivate issuer. Violations of these rules could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain NASDAQ corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. Thismay afford less protection to holders of our securities.We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. As a foreign private issuer,we are permitted to follow the governance practices of our home country, the Republic of the Marshall Islands in lieu of certain corporate governance requirementsof Nasdaq. As result, the standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not requiredto:●have a compensation committee and a nominating committee to be comprised solely of “independent directors; and●hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the Company’s fiscal yearend.As a result, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.Future sales or perceived sales of our shares of common stock could depress our stock price.As of the date of this report, we have 2,591,299 shares of common stock outstanding. Many of these shares will become eligible for sale in the public market, subjectto limitations imposed by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. If the holders of these shares were to attempt to sell a substantial amount of their holdings at once, themarket price of our common stock could decline. Moreover, the perceived risk of this potential dilution could cause shareholders to attempt to sell their shares andinvestors to short the common stock, a practice in which an investor sells shares that he or she does not own at prevailing market prices, hoping to purchase shareslater at a lower price to cover the sale. As each of these events would cause the number of shares of our common stock being offered for sale to increase, ourcommon stock market price would likely further decline. All of these events could combine to make it very difficult for us to sell equity or equityrelated securities inthe future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.23Table of ContentsHolders of our securities may face difficulties in protecting their interests because we are incorporated under the Republic of the Marshall Islands law.We are a company incorporated under the laws of the Marshall Islands, and almost all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, majority of ourdirectors and officers, and their assets, are located outside of the United States. As a result, you may have difficulty serving legal process within the United Statesupon us or any of these persons. You may also have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside the United States, judgments you may obtain in U.S. courts against usor these persons in any action, including actions based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal or state securities laws. You may also have difficultybringing an original action in the appropriate court of the Marshall Islands to enforce liabilities against us or any person based upon the U.S. federal securities laws.Provisions of our articles of incorporation may impede a takeover or make it more difficult for shareholders to change the direction or management of theCompany, which could reduce shareholders’ opportunity to influence management of the Company.Our articles of incorporation permit our board of directors to issue up to five million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 from time to time, with suchrights and preferences as they consider appropriate. These terms may include voting rights including the right to vote as a series on particular matters, preferencesas to dividends and liquidation, conversion rights and redemption rights provisions. The issuance of any preferred stock could reduce the value of our commonstock. In addition, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell assets to, a third party. Theability of the board of directors to issue preferred stock could make it more difficult, delay, discourage, prevent or make it more costly to acquire or effect a changeincontrol, which in turn could prevent shareholders from recognizing a gain in the event that a favorable offer is extended and could materially and negatively affectthe market price of our common stock.ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANYA.History and Development of the CompanyWe are a Republic of the Marshall Islands Company incorporated under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BDA”) on January 26, 2012. We wereoriginally organized under the name “Aquasition Corp.” for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, orsimilar acquisition transaction, one or more operating businesses or assets. The address of the Company’s principal executive office is Xingfengge Building,Baogaiyupu Industrial Park, Shishi City, Fujian Province of china.On March 24, 2014, we entered into a share exchange agreement and plan of liquidation (the “Exchange Agreement”), with KBS International, Hongri International, athen wholly owned subsidiary of KBS International and Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, each an individual and shareholder of KBS International (each, a“Principal Stockholder”). The Exchange Agreement was subsequently amended on June 21, 2014. The transactions contemplated in the Exchange Agreement (the“Share Exchange”) were closed on August 1, 2014. At the closing, we acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interest in Hongri International from KBSInternational. In exchange, we issued an aggregate of 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company to KBS International. In addition, on July 29, 2014, wecompleted a tender offer related to the Share Exchange and redeemed the 332,116 shares of common stock validly tendered and not withdrawn. Pursuant to theExchange Agreement, KBS International was liquidated and dissolved in August 2014 and the 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company were distributed toeach shareholder of KBS International according to their respective ownership of KBS International. As a result, following the consummation of the Share Exchange,we had a total of 1,694,489 shares of common stock outstanding.24Table of ContentsOn October 31, 2014, we held a special shareholder meeting and amended our Articles of Incorporation to change our name to KBS Fashion Group Limited.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.On March 29, 2016, we granted an aggregate of 73,334 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their past services in 2015 and future services to be provided in 2016.On July 10, 2017, we granted an aggregate of 215,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company as compensationsfor their services.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their services.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 registered shares of common stock pursuant to our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to our executive officers,directors and certain employees as compensations for their services.On March 29, 2019, our board of directors approved the issuance of 15,000 shares of common stock to our Investor Relationship firm as compensation for theirservices. The issuance of the shares was made in reliance on the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), for theoffer and sale of securities not involving a public offering, and Regulation S promulgated thereunder. None of the shares have been registered under the Act andneither may be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.25Table of ContentsCorporate StructureAll of our business operations are conducted through our PRC subsidiaries. The chart below presents our corporate structure as of the date of this report. The Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regardingissuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.Our web site address is http://www.kbsfashion.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of thisAnnual Report.Principal Capital Expenditures and DivestituresFor the year ended December 31, 2018, our total capital expenditures and divestitures were $nil. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, our total capitalexpenditures and divestitures were $849,199 and $45,445, respectively. Such expenditures were primarily used construction of production facility and purchasing fireprotection facility. Our operating cash flow mainly funded these capital expenditures.B.Business OverviewWe are a leading casual menswear company in China with a demonstrated track record of designing, marketing, and selling our own line of fashion menswear. Ourproducts include men’s apparel, footwear and accessories, primarily targeting urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 in the Tier II and Tier III cities in China.Tier II cities generally refer to major cities located in each province of China other than the capital city of such province. Tier III cities generally refer to countylevelcities in China. Tier III cities that we focus on are the national top 100 county cities identified by the State Statistics Bureau of China each year. These cities arecharacterized by higher GDP, higher disposable income, better education and better infrastructure as compared with other countylevel cities.26Table of ContentsOur apparel products include outerwear, knitwear, denim, tops, bottoms, accessories and footwear. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products,each year with a different theme to highlight the current trends in menswear for the season.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by the company and 40 franchised stores operated by 14 third party distributors or their subdistributors. The number of stores has grown from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017and 2016, sales through our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues respectively, and sales through distributors and whole sellersaccounted for 73%, 66.5% and 78% of our revenues, respectively. Total revenue from corporate stores sales for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $7.0million for 2017 and $5.53 million for 2016.From 2009 through 2018, total net sales decreased from $28.1 million to $18.53 million while the net profit decreased from $9.0 million to a net loss of $8 million.Our Competitive StrengthsWe believe that the following competitive strengths enable us to compete effectively in and capitalize on the growing casual menswear industry in China.●There is a sizable market for our products. We believe that we have a sizeable potential market. Our target customers are male middleclass consumers inthe 2040 age range. According to the national census in 2018, the population in China between 1659 yearsold was approximately 900 million. Our targetgroup falls into this category and is estimated to be more than 200 million people. As a result of the growing affluence in the PRC and increased purchasingpower of the PRC population, we believe that PRC consumers are becoming more willing and able to purchase casual menswear. In addition, we believe thatthe purchasing decision of PRC consumers is becoming more predicated upon brand image, product design and style, rather than just price considerations.With rising affluence and improvement in lifestyle, we also believe the overall Chinese population is generally growing more brand name conscious andstyle oriented and has shown a propensity for increased spending on casual menswear.●We have a strong focus on design and product development. We believe that our inhouse design and product development capabilities allow us to createunique products that appeal to our customers. We have established a strong inhouse design and product development team of 20 employees as of April26, 2019. Our team identifies new fashion trends by attending fashion shows and exhibitions as well as by drawing from creative ideas in magazines andother media. Each spring and fall, we carefully plan and create a new product line for our fall/winter and spring/summer collections of 727 SKU thatencompasses our full range of product offerings, including outerwear, tops, bottoms and accessories. We introduce new design elements into our productlines each season. With our highly skilled and creative team of designers, we have extensive experience in creating unique designs to meet the preferencesand needs of our target customer base.●Our trademarked brand has earned a following in China. Our brand was developed in 2006. Our marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design andmade for Chinese.” Our customers are middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range. We believe that their products’ concept, marketing, design andpackaging fully match with the prowestern attitude and life styles of their target customers. We believe the KBS brand is essential to our success topenetrate to the casual menswear market in China.●We have an extensive and wellmanaged nationwide distribution network. We have an extensive distribution network throughout China. As of December31, 2018, we had 1 KBS branded corporate stores and 32 franchised stores across 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. TheKBS branded corporate stores are required to sell only our products. We have been building up our selected distributor network since 2007. As ofDecember 31, 2018, we had 11 distributors operating 32 franchised stores. All of our distributors have been working with us from 1 to 10 years. We selectour distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry, sales channels, business resources, brand promotioncapabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. Our distributors help us respond to changing consumer tastes in a timelymanner by providing regular feedback on our products at our semiannual sales fairs and frequent communications. The financial resources of ourdistributors allow us to expand our retail network with less working capital investment from us than would be required for establishing direct stores, as ourdistributors are responsible for the store rentals and cost of inventory in their stores. We sold a substantial amount of our products through ourdistributors, which have allowed us to distribute our products to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge ofour distributors and their sub distributors. We believe that our distribution network has enabled us to expand our business and increase our salesefficiently and with less operational risk. This model has also minimized our operational risk because we typically start production after we receive ordersfrom our distributors. We believe that using a distribution network to sell a substantial amount of our KBS products has enabled us to devote ourresources to our core competitive strengths of design, brand management and product development.27Table of Contents●We have an experienced management team. Our management team has extensive R&D, marketing and financial experience, led by our Chief ExecutiveOfficer, Mr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has over 27 years of experience in the apparel industry and also has developed a differentiated product by internationalcooperation with a Korean designer. After working in the garment industry for more than 16 years, Mr. Yan acquired and developed the KBS brand. Withhis strong understanding of the apparel industry, Mr. Yan has successfully established this brand name in the market. We are committed to attract andretain top management level executives who we believe are and will continue to be the driving force behind our product development and growth.Our Growth StrategyWe intend to further strengthen our market position in the casual menswear market in China by implementing the following strategies:●We plan to expand our online business and purchase one or more online sales platforms or online stores. Together with the change in consumer trends,online sales is now the most important sales channel in Chinese market and is becoming increasingly important globally. Sales from our stores anddistributors have been steadily decreasing, and we are now in the process of identifying the best possible ways to establish and expand our onlinebusiness. We plan to research and purchase one or more online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that KBS will have better opportunities toexpand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores in year 2019, and the management of KBS will keep on exploring other areas and businessmodels, such as the use of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends. We consider that ourpolicy to expand our outreach using new technologies will add significant shareholder value.●We plan to expand our OEM sales by attracting more reputable and longterm clients. We just had the renewal of a framework sales contract with twomajor current customers: Hangzhou Zhi Yin Apparel Clothes Co., Ltd and Hangzhou Yiyuan Apparel Co., Ltd. These two sales contracts are expected togenerate approximately RMB 28 million in total, of which RMB 20 million relates to Hangzhou Ziyin of new 450,000 orders and RMB 8 million relates toHangzhou Yiyuan of new 160,000 orders for this year. We are also expanding our OEM business and to get more clients, especially to focus on onlineproviders, as they have expanded their market share over the past years quickly together with the change in Chinese consumer’s preferences and occupy alarge market share. By the time when we start executing the orders, we expect that we can have sustainable and increasing business.●We plan to invest in a Greece Based Private Smart Tech Apparel Company. We signed a letter of intent with Tribe, one of the most innovative smartclothing technology companies internationally. If the transaction is consummated, we conceive that this investment will enhance and expand significantlyour client network and products offering. The smart clothing market is expected to surpass the 2 trillion US dollars in size in 2019 and we believe we are wellpositioned to capture a part of this market in the wider region.28Table of Contents●We plan to continue to raise the profile of the KBS brand through enhanced advertising and promotional activities. We believe that the strongassociation of KBS brand with our concept of “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese” has helped drive our brand positioning and customers’receptivity to our products. We intend to further build our brand and deliver a consistent brand image from product design to sales and marketing. We seekto promote and enhance our presence in China’s casual menswear market by continuing to adopt proactive marketing strategies and produce high quality,well designed casual menswear for our target market. In particular, we aim to increase awareness of our brand through: (1) multichannel advertisingstrategies through national television, fashion magazines, billboards and other media channels; (2) further assisting our distributors’ regional advertisingefforts; (3) distinctive store and product launch campaigns, including special events for new product launches and largescale grand opening events fornew stores, particularly new corporate stores; (4) update of the decoration and layout of a number of existing stores which have been in operation for yearsto improve the shopping experience; (5) participation in fashion shows; and (6) sponsorships of selected highimpact events. We believe that theseadvertising and promotional activities will help to further strengthen brand awareness in our target market and enhance customer loyalty.●We plan to expand and build upon our design and product development capabilities. We intend to further strengthen our design and productdevelopment capabilities by accelerating the commercialization of design concepts, expanding our product offerings and continuing to develop what webelieve is unique casual menswear. We plan to further invest in design and product development and expand our design and product development team byattracting talented designers, either domestic or international, and training young graduates from leading fashion design institutes. We believe thatcombining western fashion design experience with our local designer’s understanding of the China market and aesthetic will enable us to create fashionableyet popular casual menswear for consumers in China. We also intend to cooperate with our suppliers to develop new materials and fabrics which we believewill give customers a unique fashion product and create new market opportunities. We believe that our focus on designing unique and quality casualmenswear will allow us to maintain our competitiveness and help to enhance our sales and overall profitability.●We plan to expand our production capacity to expand and diversify our product offerings. Our production facility is located in Taihu City, AnhuiProvince, China, consisting of total 110,557 square meters of land. Currently this facility has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per yearand can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famous sportswear producers, some successful onlinebrand stores and fulfill some overseas orders. The construction of our facility commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases: Phase 1 consists of theconstruction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We have completed theconstruction of facilities for Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Although we have the designed capacity of 5 million pieces yearly, the facilitycurrently may only produce 2 million pieces per year. Phase 3 construction has been delayed because the local government needs additional time toconclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 canbe continued. Phase 4 will include production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quarters and livingfacilities. Upon completion, the new facility is expected to have a production capacity of 20 million pieces and accommodate 5,000 workers. Please see“Production” below for a more complete explanation of our plans for the expansion of our production capacity. We anticipate that the new productionfacility will allow us to further refine our existing product lines by offering more styles within our existing apparel and accessories categories and tointroduce additional, complementary apparel and accessories categories into our product line. We currently introduce 500 to 900 different styles ofproducts each year and intend to increase the number of our product offerings in the future.●We plan to expand our international market and attract more orders from overseas. Starting from year 2016, we have been awarded international OEMorders for producing clothes with overseas brands. Such orders are usually large and continuous. Due to the completion of phase 2 construction of ourAnhui factory, we have enough production capacity to take on large orders. The current utilization rate of the Anhui factory is still quite low and we expectto invest more in attracting more large orders from overseas.The KBS BrandWe are engaged in a highly competitive industry in which brand image and recognition is critical to attracting customers to purchase our products. We haveadopted KBS as a uniform brand name and image for all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. The KBS brand was created byMs. Qinghua Ye in 2006 and registered with the trademark administration authority in 2008. Subsequently, Ms. Ye assigned the KBS trademark to Hongri PRC in2008. In 2009, Hongri PRC transferred this trademark to France Cock, which then licensed such trademark back to Hongri PRC. Based on our sharp rise in revenuesince 2006, we believe that the KBS brand has gained a following in the casual menswear market in the cities where our products are sold.29Table of ContentsTo promote our brand, we have developed and implemented brand management policies in all of our corporate stores and franchised stores. Our brand managementpolicies set out detailed requirements for store decorations and display of products. This enables us to project a consistent brand image. In addition, each season,our design and product development team develops display concepts, including the presentation of our collections in the stores and the color schemes for thebackdrops. We also work closely with our distributors to supervise the daily operations of franchised stores through unscheduled visits to ensure that our brandmanagement policies are properly followed.We may suspend the supply of our products or terminate distribution agreements in the event that any of our distributors or their subdistributors consistently failsto comply with our brand management policies.Our ProductsOur apparel products include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, socks and caps. In 2018, thesuggested retail prices of our products ranged from RMB 15 to RMB1,599 (approximately $2 to $237) for our apparel products and RMB178 to RMB1599(approximately $26 to $236) for our accessory products. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products, each year with a different theme tohighlight the current trends in menswear for the season.Our DesignWe believe one of our key strengths is our internal design and product development team, which designs products that reinforce our brand image. Major parts ofour products are designed by our internal design and product development team with the collaboration of Korean designers. As of December 31, 2018, our designand product development team consisted of 20 members, including one senior designer with over five years of working experience. Final design concepts areapproved by Mr. Keyan Yan, who has more than 27 years of experience in the industry. All of the other designers are graduates of professional design schools inChina. We believe that our design and product development team is innovative and passionate and that the individual experience of each of our designers helpsbring new and exciting products to our customers. Our design and product development team conceptualizes each season’s collections through an interactiveprocess, taking into account our brand strategy, product image and market feedback, drawing inspirations from domestic and international fashion trends andcollaborating with both our suppliers and distributors to finetune our designs. In particular, we collaborate with our suppliers to develop a variety of materials andfabrics for our products. We also involve distributors in our product selection process to take advantage of their market intelligence, which helps us to adapt toconstantly changing customer preferences in local markets. Our designers also attend various domestic and international fashion shows to keep abreast of the latestfashion trends.Starting from year 2015, design of our products comes from three channels. In addition to designing products by our inhouse staff, we outsource to certainreputable designers. From time to time, our ODMs also will directly sell their designed products to us.In a typical year, we design and make around 1,500 prototypes. After the initial product selection, internal cost analysis of approved prototypes and final selectionby distributors at the sales fairs, we eventually select approximately 750 designs for mass production. Final design of all of our products will be approved by ourChairman, Mr. Yan.Our Distribution NetworkWe have established a nationwide distribution network consisting of corporate stores and franchised stores covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrallyadministered municipalities.Corporate StoresAs of December 31, 2018, we owned and operated 1 corporate store with the floor area of approximately 120 square meters. As part of our corporate strategy, weclosed 17 corporate stores in last two years because of the low profitability of certain corporate stores. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, salesthrough our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues, respectively.30Table of ContentsWe directly own and operate our corporate store. This direct control enables us to have closer relationship with our ultimate customers and better understanding ofmarket trends and consumer preferences. Required capital for opening of each store depends on the location and area of the designated store. On average, therenovation cost per store is around $67,000 and the first year of rent payment is around $140,000 including premium paid to the previous owner. Rental period variesfrom two to five years. The total capital required to open a new store is generally around $207,000 per store. Once negotiation of rent is concluded, it takes one totwo months to open up a store. We usually open up stores right before a peak season, such as labor holiday in May, National holiday in October and Chinese NewYear in January/February. On average, new stores break even after one to three months of operation.We currently have one standard designs for our corporate stores located in Fujian Province. They were considered as flagship stores for our distributors’ reference.Because in year 2016 and 2015 we closed some corporate stores, the inventories of these stores were cleared through promotion exhibitions we held in the thirdtiercities at lower prices.For corporate stores opened in second tier cities, we normally have a higher aesthetic standard compared with corporate stores in third and fourth tier cities. Wegenerally locate our corporate stores at street level to access high pedestrian flow. Normally, we will sell inseason stock in our secondtier city corporate stores. Oursecondtier city corporate stores are also designed to showcase our marketability to potential distributors so as to induce them to join our distributorship. For storesopened in the third and fourth tier cities, we normally sell some of our slowmoving or offseason stock at a discount due to our awareness of the generally lesseramount of disposable income available to residents of these cities. During certain times of the year, such as the New Year, Chinese New Year and Labor Day, we willorganize promotional discounts together with our franchised stores to attract more customers and increase our stock turnover.Franchised StoresWe sell a substantial amount of our products to our franchised distributors who in turn sell them to retail customers through KBS branded retail stores operated byour distributors or their subdistributors. Since 2013, we have also been selling products to 3 provincial distributors without their own stores, or the nostoredistributors, on a trial basis. We do not have any ownership in, or controlling relationship with, these franchised stores, but we have entered into distributionagreements with them in the Company’s standard form, pursuant to which we require distributors and their subdistributors to sell only KBS products in thesestores. Distributors are responsible for selecting and ordering products from us and overseeing the sales in the stores operated by them and their subdistributors.By selling directly to our distributors, we can recognize revenues upon delivery to our distributors and delegate the distribution responsibilities to our distributors.This allows us to distribute our merchandise to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge of our distributors and theirsubdistributors. This also minimizes our inventory and sales risks while allowing us to allocate our resources to our core competitive strengths of design, brandmanagement and product development. We believe that our cooperation with distributors has enabled us to expand our business and accelerate our sales growth atmuch lower costs and operational risk and achieve brand recognition throughout China.We have been building up our selected franchised distributor network since 2007. As of December 31, 2018, we had 11 franchised distributors who operated 32 retailstores directly or through their subdistributors, all of which were standalone stores, which were typically located in commercial centers, including departmentstores or shopping malls, in their cities. All these distributors have worked with us for about 1 to 8 years. We have not encountered any material dispute or financialdifficulty with our key distributors. The average floor area of each retail store was approximately 78 square meters as of December 2018. The number of retail storeshas grown significantly in recent years from 7 as of December 31, 2006, with the aggregate floor area increasing from 560 square meters as of December 31, 2006 to2,635 square meters as of December 31, 2018. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, sales through our distributors accounted for 73%, 63.3% and78% of our revenues, respectively. 31Table of ContentsDuring each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we had no customer exceeding 10% of our net sales.Sales generated by our five bestperforming franchised distributors accounted for approximately 29.3%, 23.8% and 28.3% of our revenues in the years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Those top distributors have been with us since 2007 or 2008 and have grown organically with us. At the same time,we are exploring more distributors in other regions including relatively small distributors to grow with their businesses. Although we rely on distributors for thesales and marketing of our products, we believe our business is not substantially dependent on any individual distributor.We are highly selective in appointing distributors. We select our distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry,sales channels, business resources, brand promotion capabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. We maintain good relationshipswith many regional or local distributor candidates which we identify through our internal research and external referrals but only appoint a handful of them tobecome our distributors. We evaluate the relevant experience of the distributor candidates in operating retail stores, their financial condition and sources of fundingrequired for the establishment of a regional distribution network and their ability to develop a network of retail stores in the designated distribution region of a givendistributor before we make any appointment.Once appointed, each distributor must enter into a distribution agreement with us. We do not own any interest in any of our distributors, their subdistributors orthe retail stores they operate. The distribution agreements we typically enter into with distributors do not allow us to be involved in the daily operating, financing orother activities of the distributors, except that distributors need to comply with our brand management policies and pricing and store management guidelines. Keyterms of our standard distribution agreement include:●Product Exclusivity. Our distributors are required to sell only our products at KBS branded retail outlets managed by them or authorized retailers.●Geographic Coverage. Distributors are granted exclusive rights to distribute our products (directly and indirectly through their subdistributors) in theretail stores within the specified geographic area with no overlapping of distributors within our distribution network. However, we retain the right to operatedirect stores anywhere regardless of whether we have appointed distributors there.●Duration. The distribution agreements generally have an initial term of one year and are renewable at our discretion after taking into account factors suchas compliance with our brand management policies and sales performance.●Distributor Pricing. Distributors agree to order our products at a discount from our suggested retail prices. The discounted wholesale prices todistributors are classified into the following three categories: provincial distributor at a discount of 35% of retail price, district distributor is 30% of retailprice and the wholesale distributor is 25% of retail price.●Minimum Purchase Requirement. Each of our distributors is customarily expected to purchase a minimum amount of our products for each trade fair heldbiannually according to their present and expected distribution network. The minimum is typically RMB800,000 (approximately $110,000) for each store.●Payment and Delivery. Normally, we expect distributors to pay us RMB0.5 million (approximately $74,000) to RMB1 million (approximately $148,148) as adeposit upon placing an order. Upon delivery of the orders, we will deduct amounts on deposit from the purchase price. For new and small districtdistributors, we normally require them to pay the balance before the delivery of its products. We may also accept payment on credit terms to the extentrequested by distributors experiencing working capital difficulties or encouraging them to order more. The amount and duration of credit granted to eachdistributor will depend on its financial position and creditworthiness. We handle the arrangements for delivery of our products, but the distributors arenormally expected to bear the related costs and expenses.32Table of Contents●Return of Products. We will only accept product returns from distributors for quality reasons and only if the distributors followed our standard proceduresin processing the returned products. So far, we have not experienced any product returns due to expressed quality reasons.●Retail Pricing. Other than at times when we launch promotional campaigns or adjust our strategies, distributors must adopt, and are required to procuretheir subdistributors to adopt, our suggested retail prices for products. Distributors must obtain our consent before launching any distributor specificspecial offers.●Brand Management. Distributors must comply with our brand management policies and store management guidelines. We may impose penalties, forfeitureof deposit, suspend supply of products and terminate the agreement in the event of any breach of such policies.●Termination. We may generally terminate the distribution agreements and seek indemnification in the event of breach by distributors. In the event of sometypes of breach, we may not terminate the agreement but have other remedies. For example, if a distributor fails to order all products provided for under thedistributorship agreement, we may instead impose forfeiture of deposit or withhold certain benefits.When opening new retail stores, our distributors conduct research on the market potential of the proposed retail sites, after which they will provide us with anapplication for opening a new retail store. In reviewing applications, we consider factors including the store location, store layout, available area, marketopportunities, competitors and estimated sales. We conduct selected onsite investigations to verify applications filed by our distributors. Our retail stores aregenerally located in convenient retail locations in their respective cities and thus benefit from high volumes of pedestrian traffic.Effective monitoring of distributors and their retail stores is critical to our success. We have a team in our marketing, sales and distribution department to monitorour distributors’ and their subdistributors’ performance, who conduct onsite inspections of selected retail stores each quarter without prior notice to ensurecompliance with our store management guidelines. According to the results of our inspections, we, from time to time, make suggestions to our distributors withrespect to the opening or closure of their retail stores. Distributors also need to submit to us their annual/ semiannual plans to estimate their orders for the nextseason and their plan to improve the performance of existing retail stores or expand by opening new retail stores. This reporting system enables us to access uptodate sales projections of our distributors and their subdistributors, which reflects the overall level of retail sales of our products. It also provides us with theexpansion plan of each distributor which helps us prepare our overall development plan in a more accurate manner.We invite our distributors, as well as a select number of their subdistributors and retail store managers, to attend our sales fairs, which are held twice a year. Duringthe sales fairs, we discuss with our distributors and their subdistributors the upcoming product line. Apart from participating in two sales fairs each year, ourdistributors visit us from time to time and contact us as necessary, which allows us to have access to updated market information. We also provide training fordistributors and their subdistributors in the areas of sales techniques, customer service and product knowledge, typically prior to the launch of our new collectionseach year. We believe that these investments help to improve the operations of the sales network and provide additional valueadded services to retain ourdistributors and their subdistributors.The following table lists by region the number of retail stores operated by distributors and subdistributors as of December 31, 2018:LocationAs ofDecember 31,2018Fujian6Guangdong2Guangxi3Jiangsu4Anhui2Chongqing4Tianjin3Hebei4Sichuan4Total3233Table of ContentsPricing PolicyWe sell our products to our distributors at uniform discounts from our suggested retail prices. We have a suggested retail price policy that applies to all our storesto help maintain brand image, ensure consistent pricing levels from region to region and prevent price competition among our distributors. In determining our pricingstrategies, we take into account market supply and demand, production cost and the prices of our competitors’ similar products. Our sales representatives collectand record the retail prices of our products sold by our retailers. We analyze the information collected and engage in discussions with our distributors to ensure thatthey follow our pricing policy. See “Franchised Stores” above.ProductionOriginally located in Shishi City in Fujian Province and started production in 2006, our production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China.The facility currently has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famoussportswear producers. Our production facility was operating at full capacity between 2009 and 2012. In 2014, we produced about 0.39 million units at the operatingcapacity of 19.5%; while in 2015,we produced about 0.48 million units at the operating capacity of 24%. In 2016, we produced about 0.54 million units at the operatingcapacity of 27%.In 2017 and 2018, we produced about 0.30 million and 0.49 million units at the operating capacity of 15% and 25%. Since 2011, we have been negotiating with the local government to acquire land use rights for our current facility consisting of 110,557 square meters. We obtaineda portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square meters and 2,440 square meters in March 2012 and May 2012, respectively, and have finishedthe construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factoryin year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with localresidents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. While we cannot guaranteewhen and whether the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land will be eventually completed, we believe we will be in a better position toschedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Once completed, our total production capacity of the facility isexpected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.All of the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers bear the brand name KBS. As of December 31, 2018, we had 3 ODM contractmanufacturers and 3 OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had 3 and 6 OEM contract manufacturers, respectively. Oursourcing strategy is based upon the quality of fabrics and workmanship that our customers expect from the KBS brand. The costs of our outsourced productionamounted to approximately $8.38 million, $10.94 million and$26.1 million for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, accounting forapproximately 27.3%, 31% and 66.8% of our total cost of sales in the respective periods.As of December 31, 2018, our principal ODM and OEM contract suppliers included the following:No.1Bai Tian Ni (Fujian) Clothing fabric Co. Ltd2Shishi Hua Lai Shi Clothing Co. Ltd3Jinjiang City Hongtawanheng trading Co. Ltd4Fujian Gumaite Clothing Technology Co. Ltd5Shishi Rongpeng Clothing Co. Ltd6Hubei Mingyuan Clothing Co. LtdWe are not materially reliant on any single ODM or OEM contract supplier.34Table of ContentsInventory ManagementWe recognize that controlling the level of inventory is important to our overall operational efficiency and cost control. Based on the purchase orders our distributorsand the department store chains place at our biannual sales fairs, we are able to anticipate the demand for our products in advance and plan ahead for our ownmanufacturing and the orders we will be required to place with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We generally plan purchases of raw materials and placemanufacturing orders with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers immediately after each of our two seasonal sales fairs, usually in May for our autumn andwinter products and in October for our spring and summer products, where we confirm sales orders with our distributors and department store chains. This enablesus and our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to have sufficient time, ranging from two to eight weeks, to produce the products and provide our productssuitable for a specific season to our distributors and department store chains on a justintime basis so as to minimize our inventory levels. The alternative way tocontrol cost is when if we have chance to buy materials which the price is much lower than market price, we will buy it in advance and give to OEM contractmanufactures use our material to produce.Quality ControlProduct quality control is a critical aspect of our business. Our dedicated quality control team performs various quality inspection and testing procedures, includingrandom sample testing at different stages of our production process, to ensure that our products meet or exceed the expectations of our consumers. We also performroutine product inspections on every batch of our products and sample testing to ensure consistent quality of our products, including semifinished and finishedproducts.We have implemented a centralized system for procurement and inspection of raw materials and ancillary components to help ensure a stable and high qualitysupply. Those materials and components that fail to meet our tests may be returned to the suppliers for replacement. Our quality control team also carries out qualitycontrol procedures on the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We conduct onsite inspections of our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers before we enter into business relationships with them. We also send our inhouse quality control staff onsite to our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers to monitor the entire production process. The initial product inspections are performed onsite by our staff before these products are shipped to ourheadquarters for further inspection and storage in our warehouse. We also provide technical training to ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to assist them withquality control of the production processes and inspect preproduction samples and finished products from ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We have notencountered any material disruptions to our business as a result of the failure of any of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to meet our quality standards.In order to further improve the quality of our products and shorten our delivery cycle, we intend to increase our control over the manufacturing process andproduction cycle of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers, primarily by requiring our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to implement stricter and morecomprehensive quality control procedures, which cover each stage of the production process, from raw material selection and procurement to finished productspackaging and delivery. We also intend to apply more stringent standards for inspecting products manufactured for us by our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers.Marketing and AdvertisingWe have conducted multichannel marketing campaigns to advertise our products to our target customers through advertising in newspapers, magazines, theInternet, and billboards, and organizing regular and frequent instore marketing activities and road shows.We have implemented strict requirements on our distributors with respect to the display and promotion of our products to ensure consistent branding and enhancemarketing results. Our distributors are required to ensure that our marketing strategies are implemented at the retail outlets managed or authorized by them, includingdisplaying our products according to our specifications and using our billboard advertisements. We also assign sales representatives to monitor the instoredisplays of our products at various retail outlets on a regular basis to help ensure that our retailers have followed our product display policies.In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 our total advertising and promotional expenses amounted to approximately $1.21 million, $1.59 million and $1.55million, respectively, which accounted for approximately 6.6%, 7.5% and 3.8% of our revenues in the respective periods.35Table of ContentsCompetitionThe menswear industry in China is a fragmented industry. Competition mainly comes from local market players such as Exceed, Xiniya, Zuoan and Cabbeen. Webelieves that we differentiate ourselves by providing more fashionable, youngerlooking and leisure products, and competitive pricing without giving up the casualfeel of our products.We compete primarily on the basis of product design, brand recognition, operational efficiency and a low cost structure. Some of our domestic competitors have astronger customer base, greater resources and more industry expertise than us. However, we believe that we can continue to successfully compete with our localcompetitors due to our unique product designs.Intellectual PropertyWe currently have the licenses to use two registered trademarks in the PRC.The registered trademarks on which we have licenses are the following:TrademarkRegistration No.Valid TermKBS4342760Jan 1, 2019 August 28, 2028Ka bi sports5462336March 14, 2010 March 12,2020We believe that these trademarks provide significant value as they are important for marketing and building brand recognition. We are not aware of any third partycurrently using trademarks similar to our trademarks in the PRC on the same products.InsuranceWe do not have any business liability, interruption or litigation insurance coverage for our operations in China. Insurance companies in China offer limited businessinsurance products. While business interruption insurance is available to a limited extent in China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of suchinsurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance.Therefore, we are subject to business and product liability exposure. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—We have limited insurance coverage inChina and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses.”RegulationBecause our primary operating subsidiaries are located in China, we are subject to China’s national and local laws detailed below. We believe that we are in materialcompliance with all registrations and requirements for the issuance and maintenance of all licenses required by the governing bodies and that all license fees andfilings are current. This section summarizes the major PRC regulations relating to our business.Regulations Relating to Foreign InvestmentInvestment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are mainly governed by the Guidance Catalog of Industries for Foreign Investment (2017 revision), or theCatalog, which was promulgated jointly by MOFCOM and the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, on June 28, 2017 and entered into forceon July 28, 2017. The Catalog divides industries into four categories in terms of foreign investment, which are “encouraged,” “restricted,” and “prohibited,” and allindustries that are not listed under one of these categories are deemed to be “permitted.” Establishment of wholly foreignowned enterprises is generally allowed inencouraged and permitted industries. Some restricted industries are limited to equity or contractual joint ventures, while in some cases Chinese partners are requiredto hold the majority interests in such joint ventures. In addition, foreign investment in restricted category projects is subject to government approvals. Foreigninvestors are not allowed to invest in industries in the prohibited category. Industries not listed in the Catalogue are generally open to foreign investment unlessspecifically restricted by other PRC regulations.36Table of ContentsIn June 2018, MOFCOM and NDRC promulgated the Special Management Measures (Negative List) for the Access of Foreign Investment, or the Negative List,effective July 2018. The Negative List expands the scope of permitted industries by foreign investment by reducing the number of industries that fall within theNegative List where restrictions on the shareholding percentage or requirements on the composition of board or senior management still exists. Foreign investmentin valueadded telecommunications services (except for ecommerce) falls within the Negative List.In October 2016, MOFCOM issued the Interim Measures for Recordfiling Administration of the Establishment and Change of Foreigninvested Enterprises, or FIERecordfiling Interim Measures, most recently amended in July 2017. Pursuant to FIE Recordfiling Interim Measures, the establishment and change of foreigninvested enterprises are subject to recordfiling procedures, instead of prior approval requirements, provided that such establishment or change does not involvespecial entry administration measures. If the establishment or change of foreigninvested enterprises matters involve the special entry administration measures, theapproval of the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterparts is still required.Regulations Relating to Product QualityThe principal legal provisions governing product liability are set forth in the PRC Product Quality Law, which was promulgated in February 1993 by the SCNPC andamended in July 2000 and August 2009.The PRC Product Quality Law stipulates the responsibilities and obligations of product sellers and producers. Violations of the PRC Product Quality Law may resultin the imposition of fines. In addition, the seller or producer may be ordered to suspend its operations, and its business license may be revoked. There may also bePART IPART IIPART III20F 1 f20f2018_kbsfashiongroup.htm FORM 20FUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F(Mark One)☐REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ___________ to ___________OR¨SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report:Commission file number: 00135715KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)Not Applicable(Translation of Registrant’s Name Into English)Republic of the Marshall Islands(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)Xin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of China(Address of Principal Executive Offices)Mr. Keyan Yan, Chief Executive OfficerXin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of ChinaTel: + (86) 595 8889 6198Fax: (86) 595 8850 5328(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of Each ClassName of Each Exchange On Which RegisteredCommon Stock, $0.0001 par valueNASDAQ Capital MarketSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.Units, Common Stock Purchase Warrants(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.None(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report(December 31, 2018): 2,271,299Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐No ☒If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of“large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large Accelerated Filer ☐Accelerated Filer ☐NonAccelerated Filer ☒Emerging Growth Company☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting StandardsCodification after April 5, 2012.Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:U.S. GAAP ☐International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting StandardsBoard ☒Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ☐ Item17 ☐Item 18If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒Annual Report on Form 20FYear Ended December 31, 2018TABLE OF CONTENTSPageITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS2A.Directors and Senior Management2B.Advisors2C.Auditors2ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE2A.Offer Statistics2B.Method and Expected Timetable2ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATION2A.Selected Financial Data2B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY24A.History and Development of the Company24B.Business Overview26C.Organizational Structure42D.Property, Plants and Equipment43ITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS44ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS44A.Principal Factors Affecting Financial Performance45B.Liquidity and Capital Resources50C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.51D.Trend Information51E.Off Balance Sheet Arrangements51F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations52G.Safe Harbor62ITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES63A.Directors and Senior Management63B.Compensation64C.Board Practices65D.Employees66E.Share Ownership66ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS67A.Major Shareholders67B.Related Party Transactions67C.Interests of Experts and Counsel67iTable of ContentsITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATION67A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information67B.Significant Changes68ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTING68A.Offer and Listing Details68B.Plan of Distribution68C.Markets68D.Selling Shareholders68E.Dilution68F.Expenses of the Issue68ITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATION69A.Share Capital69B.Memorandum and Articles of Association69C.Material Contracts71D.Exchange Controls71E.Taxation74F.Dividends and Paying Agents79G.Statement by Experts79H.Documents on Display79I.Subsidiary Information79ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK79ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES80A.Debt Securities80B.Warrants and Rights80C.Other Securities80D.American Depositary Shares80ITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES81ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS81ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES81A.Disclosure Controls and Procedures81B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting81C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm81D.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting82ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT82ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICS82ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES82ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES82ITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS83ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT83ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCE83ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE83ITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 19.EXHIBITS84iiTable of ContentsINTRODUCTORY NOTESUse of Certain Defined TermsExcept as otherwise indicated by the context and for the purposes of this report only, references in this report to:●“KBS,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” are to KBS Fashion Group Ltd., a company organized in the Republic of the Marshall Islands;●““KBS International,” refers to KBS International Holding Inc., a Nevada corporation, which was dissolved in August 2014;●“Hongri PRC,” refers to Hongri (Fujian) Sports Goods Co., Ltd., which is our wholly owned subsidiary organized in the PRC;●“Hongri International” are to Hongri International Holdings Limited, which is our wholly owned subsidiary and a company organized in the BVI;●“BVI” are to the British Virgin Islands;●“Hong Kong” are to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China;●“PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China;●“SEC” are to the Securities and Exchange Commission;●“Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;●“Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;●“Renminbi” and “RMB” are to the legal currency of China; and●“U.S. dollars,” “dollars” and “$” are to the legal currency of the United States.ForwardLooking InformationIn addition to historical information, this report contains forwardlooking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of theExchange Act. We use words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “target,” “plan,” “optimistic,” “intend,” “aim,” “will” or similar expressions whichare intended to identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, among others, those concerning market and industry segment growth and demandand acceptance of new and existing products; any projections of sales, earnings, revenue, margins or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategiesand objectives of management for future operations; and any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, as well as all assumptions,expectations, predictions, intentions or beliefs about future events. You are cautioned that any such forwardlooking statements are not guarantees of futureperformance and involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions, which, if they were to ever materialize or prove incorrect, could cause the results of theCompany to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forwardlooking statements. Potential risks and uncertainties include, among other things, thepossibility that we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues and profits due to our failure to anticipate consumer preferences and develop newmenswear products, our failure to execute our business expansion plan, changes in domestic and foreign laws, regulations and taxes, changes in economicconditions, uncertainties related to China’s legal system and economic, political and social events in China, a general economic downturn, a downturn in thesecurities markets, and other risks and uncertainties which are generally set forth under Item 3 “Key information—D. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and our other filings with the SEC. These reports attempt toadvise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects. The forwardlookingstatements made in this report speak only as of the date hereof and we disclaim any obligation, except as required by law, to provide updates, revisions oramendments to any forwardlooking statements to reflect changes in our expectations or future events.On February 3, 2017, approved by the shareholders, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen (1for15) reverse stock split of the Company’s issued andoutstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided that shareholders are entitled to receive the number ofshares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Stock Market on a splitadjusted basis when themarket opened on February 9, 2017. All references in this report to share and per share data have been adjusted, including historical data which have beenretroactively adjusted, to give effect to the reverse stock split unless specified otherwise.1Table of ContentsPART IITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERSA.Directors and Senior ManagementNot applicable.B.AdvisorsNot applicable.C.AuditorsNot applicable.ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLEA.Offer StatisticsNot applicable.B.Method and Expected TimetableNot applicable.ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATIONA.Selected Financial DataThe following table presents selected financial data regarding our business. It should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and relatednotes contained elsewhere in this annual report and the information under Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” The selected consolidatedstatements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, and the selected consolidated statements of financialposition data as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are included in this annual reportbeginning on page F1. The selected consolidated statements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the selectedconsolidated statements of financial position data as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements thatare not included in this annual report.Our consolidated financial statements were prepared and presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by theInternational Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The selected financial data information is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the historicalconsolidated financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere herein. The financial statements contained elsewhere fully represent our financial conditionand operations; however, they are not indicative of our future performance.2Table of ContentsYears ended December 31,20182017201620152014Statement of Income DataTotal revenue$18,535,116$23,762,536$41,200,205$61,343,681$58,832,481Total cost of sales(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)(46,511,274)(39,416,973)Gross profit(2,316,136)(11,511,816)2,158,27214,832,40719,415,508Distribution and selling expenses(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)(6,621,256)(7,191,606)Administrative expenses(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)2,798,082(4,649,229)Profit for the year(17,968,597)(14,815,596)(11,902,688)1,243,6706,876,982Total comprehensive income for the year(20,040,295)(10,004,880)(18,028,121)(4,801,102)6,526,172Outstanding shares2,299,9151,860,8311,750,1421,694,4891,694,489Earnings per share, basic diluted8.067.966.800.734.06Balance Sheet DataCash and cash equivalents$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,341$21,214,080$20,604,583Noncurrent assets29,837,87540,966,31934,754,94247,221,52952,929,386Current assets31,328,13140,343,38656,343,82362,098,95162,093,570Working capital24,463,44633,060,87748,647,18553,598,85452,704,076Total assets61,166,00681,309,70591,098,765109,310,480115,022,956Current liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,500,0979,389,493Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,503,5069,404,880Equity54,301,32174,027,19683,402,127100,816,974105,618,076B.Capitalization and IndebtednessNot applicable.C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of ProceedsNot applicable.D.Risk FactorsAn investment in our capital stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the otherinformation included in this annual report, before making an investment decision. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial conditionor results of operations could suffer. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.3Table of ContentsRISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSGeneral economic conditions, including a prolonged weakness in the economy, may affect consumer discretionary spending, which could adversely affect ourbusiness and financial performance.The apparel industry has historically been subject to substantial cyclical variations. Our business and financial performance are dependent on a number of factorsimpacting consumer discretionary spending, including general economic and business conditions; consumer confidence; wages and employment levels; thehousing market; consumer debt levels; availability of consumer credit; credit and interest rates; fuel and energy costs; energy shortages; taxes; general politicalconditions, both domestic and abroad. Consumer product purchases, including purchases of our products, may decline during recessionary periods. Our ability toaccess the capital markets may be restricted at a time when we would like, or need, to raise capital, which could impair on our ability to open additional stores orbuild additional manufacturing lines. In addition, as domestic and international economic conditions change, trends in consumer spending on discretionary items,including our merchandise, become unpredictable and subject to reductions due to economic uncertainties. A prolonged economic recovery or an uncertain outlookin the economy could result in additional declines in consumer discretionary spending, which could materially affect our financial performance.A contraction in apparel sales and production could impair our results of operations and liquidity and jeopardize our supply base.Apparel sales and production are cyclical and depend, among other things, on general economic conditions and consumer spending and preferences. As thevolume of apparel production fluctuates, the demand for our products also fluctuates. A contraction in apparel sales could harm our results of operations andliquidity. In addition, our suppliers would also be subject to many of the same consequences which could pressure their results of operations and liquidity.Depending on an individual supplier’s financial condition and access to capital, its viability could be challenged which could impact its ability to perform as weexpect and consequently our ability to meet our own commitments.If we are unable to anticipate consumer preferences and develop new menswear products, we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues andprofits.Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define apparel trends as well as to anticipate, gauge and react to changing consumer demands formenswear in a timely manner. Our target market of consumers comprises urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 with moderatetohigh levels of disposableincome. Our business is particularly sensitive to their fashion preferences, which cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumeracceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, and our future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes. If we failto anticipate accurately and respond to trends and shifts in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing product offerings, developing new products,designs, styles and categories, we could experience lower sales, excess inventories and lower profit margins. In a distressed economic and retail environment, manyof our competitors may engage in aggressive activities, such as markdowns or other promotional sales to dispose of excess, slowmoving inventory, furtherincreasing the need to react appropriately to changing consumer preferences and fashion trends. Failure to do so could adversely affect the level of acceptance ofour products, our brand image and our relationship with our distributors, and therefore have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results ofoperations.The apparel industry is highly competitive, and if we fail to compete effectively, we could lose our market position.The menswear industry is highly competitive in China and worldwide. We compete with various domestic brands with similar business models and target markets.We also compete with a growing number of international brands trying to expand their market share in China to take advantage of rising consumer spending oncasual menswear. Our primary international and domestic competitors include Exceed, Xiniya, Cabbeen, GXG and NQ. Some of our competitors are significantlylarger and have greater financial resources than we do. In order to compete effectively, we must: (1) maintain the image of our brands and our reputation forinnovation and high quality; (2) be flexible and innovative in responding to rapidly changing market demands on the basis of brand image, style, performance andquality; and (3) offer consumers a wide variety of high quality products at competitive prices.4Table of ContentsThe purchasing decisions of consumers are highly subjective and can be influenced by many factors, such as brand image, marketing programs and productfeatures. Some of our competitors enjoy competitive advantages, including greater brand recognition and greater financial resources for competitive activities, suchas sales, marketing and strategic acquisitions. The number of our direct competitors and the intensity of competition may increase as we expand into other productlines or as other companies expand into our product lines. Our competitors may enter into business combinations or alliances that strengthen their competitivepositions or prevent us from taking advantage of such combinations or alliances. Our competitors also may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than wecan to new or changing opportunities, standards or consumer preferences. Our results of operations and market position may be adversely impacted by ourcompetitors and the competitive pressures in the menswear industries.Failure to effectively promote or develop our brand could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.We sell all our products under the KBS brand, from which we derive most of our revenues. Brand image is an important factor that affects a customer’s purchasingdecision for menswear products. Our success therefore depends on, among other things, market recognition and acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture,lifestyle, and images associated with the brand, some of which may not be within our control. We have limited control over our distributors that we rely upon to sellour products, which may limit our ability to ensure a consistent brand image. See “Risks Factors Related to Our Business –We have limited control over the ultimateretail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhere to, or fail to cause the third party retail outletoperators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.” We began designing, promoting, and selling KBS branded products in China in 2006. To effectivelypromote KBS brand, we need build and maintain the brand image by focusing on a variety of promotional and marketing activities to promote brand awareness, aswell as to increase its presence in the markets in which we compete. There is no assurance that we will be able to effectively promote or develop KBS brand, and ifwe fail to do so, the goodwill of KBS brand may be undermined and our business as well as our financial results may be adversely affected. In addition, negativepublicity or disputes regarding KBS brand, products, company, or management could materially and adversely affect public perception of KBS brand. Any impact onour ability to continue to sell KBS brand or any significant damage to KBS brand’s image could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends on the continued service of our senior executives and other key employees. In particular, we rely on the expertise, experience,and business contacts, of Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ms. Lixia Tu, our Director and Chief Financial Officer and Mr. ThemisKalapotharakos, our director. If one or more of our senior executives are unable or unwilling to continue to work for us in their present positions, we may have tospend a considerable amount of time and resources searching, recruiting, and integrating the replacements into our operations, which would substantially divertmanagement’s attention from and severely disrupt the Company business. This may also adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategy. Moreover, ifany of our senior executives joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, suppliers and key employees.Failure to execute our business expansion plan could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.A large part of our initial growth resulted from an increase in the number of our retail sales outlets, including corporate and franchised stores, and the increased salesvolume and profitability provided by these sales outlets. The number of our sales outlets increased from 8 in 2006 to 33 in year 2018.5Table of ContentsWe have our factory located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China, consisting of an aggregate of 110,457 square meters of land. Currently the facility there has aproduction capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year and can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces original equipmentmanufacturer (OEM) products for online stores, regional apparel brands and overseas orders. The construction commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases:Phase 1 consists of the construction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We havecompleted the construction of facilities of Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Phase 3 construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has beendelayed because the local government needs additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Because the time forthe government to resolve this matter is uncertain, we wrote off the land use right of the third parcel of land from account balance, according to the internationalframework reporting standard. Phase 4 includes building production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quartersand living facilities on the third parcel of land. As a result, our commitments to this facility may reduce our liquidity for an indefinite period and until it is completed.We could also indefinitely lose opportunities to expand our sales due to any further delay of our construction.The decision to increase our production capacity was based in part on our projections of market demand for our products and OEM orders from other brand nameowners. If actual customer demand does not meet our projections, we will likely suffer overcapacity problems and may have to leave capacity idle or need to contractout our facilities at an unfavorable price, which may reduce our overall profitability and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our futuresuccess depends on our ability to expand the Company’s business to address growth in demand for our current and future products.Our ability to expand the Company’s business is subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including:●the unavailability of additional funding to invest more in brand recognition such as advertisement, expand our production capacity, purchase additionalfixed assets and purchase raw materials on favorable terms or at all;●our inability to manage an online shop, hire qualified personnel and establish distribution methods;●conditions in the commercial real estate market existing at the time we seek to expand;●delays and cost overruns as a result of a number of factors, many of which may be beyond our control, such as problems with equipment vendors andcontract manufacturers;●failure to maintain high quality control standards;●shortage of raw materials;●our inability to obtain, or delays in obtaining, required approvals by relevant government authorities;●diversion of significant management attention and other resources; and●failure to execute our expansion plan effectively.The expansion of our business may place significant strain on our personnel, management, financial systems and operational infrastructure and may impede ourability to meet any increased demand for our products. To accommodate the Company’s growth, we will need to implement a variety of new and upgradedoperational and financial systems, procedures, and controls, including improvements to our accounting and other internal management systems, by dedicatingadditional resources to our reporting and accounting function and improvements to our record keeping and contract tracking system. We will also need to recruitmore personnel and train and manage our growing employee base. Furthermore, we will need to maintain and expand relationships with our current and futurecustomers, suppliers, distributors and other third parties, and there is no guarantee that we will succeed.In the future, we also intend to invest more resources to research and purchase online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that we will have betteropportunities to expand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores. In addition, we will keep on exploring other areas and business models, such as theuse of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends.If we encounter any of the risks described above or if we are otherwise unable to establish or successfully operate online shops or additional production capacity,we may be unable to grow our business and revenues, reduce our operating costs, maintain our competitiveness or improve our profitability and, consequently, ourbusiness, financial condition, results of operations and prospects will be adversely affected.6Table of ContentsIf we are unable to fund capital expenditures or obtain additional sources of liquidity when we need it, our business may be adversely affected. In addition, ifwe obtain equity financing, the issuance of our equity securities could cause dilution for our stockholders. To the extent we obtain the financing through theissuance of debt securities, our debt service obligations could increase, and we may become subject to restrictive operating and financial covenants.We anticipate that we will make substantial capital investments to expand our business within the next 3 years. There is no assurance that we will have sufficientcash to fund our anticipated capital expenditures. If we need but are unable to obtain adequate financing with on terms favorable to us, we may be unable tosuccessfully maintain our operations and accomplish our growth strategy. In addition, we may be unable to generate sufficient cash internally or obtain alternativesources of capital to fund our proposed capital expenditures, take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures. As a result, we mayseek to sell additional equity securities, debt securities, or borrow from lending institutions. Any issuance of equity securities could cause dilution for ourstockholders. Any incurrence of indebtedness could increase our debt service obligations and cause us to be subject to restrictive operating and financecovenants. Our ability to obtain external financing in the future is also subject to a number of uncertainties, including:●Our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;●general market conditions for financing activities by companies in our industry;●economic, political and other conditions in China and elsewhere; and●uncertain economic prospect and tightened credit markets resulting from the recent global economic slowdown and financial market crisis.If we are unable to obtain funding in a timely manner or on commercially acceptable terms, or at all, our growth prospects and future profitability may be materiallyadversely affected. Adverse changes in the capital markets could make it difficult to obtain capital or obtain it at attractive rates.Our past results may not be indicative of our future performance and evaluating our business and prospects may be difficult.Our business has gone through various stages of the business life cycle in recent years as demonstrated by our growth in net sales, which reached $99.6 million forthe year ended December 31, 2013, while in 2014 our net sales decreased by 40% to $58.8 million and in year 2015 net sales went up slightly by 4.3% to $61.3 million,our net sales decreased by 32.8% to $41.2 million in 2016, net sales decreased 42% to $23.8 million in 2017 and net sales further decreased 22% to $18.53 million in2018. The decrease in sales in 2016, 2017 and 2018 as compared with 2013 was mainly due to the slowdown of the Chinese economic growth and a challenging retailenvironment. As a result, we cannot assure that we will be able to achieve similar growth in future periods as recent years before 2014, and our historical operatingresults may not provide a meaningful basis for evaluating our business, financial performance and prospects. Moreover, our ability to achieve satisfactoryproduction results at higher volumes is unproven. Therefore, you should not rely on our past results or our historical rate of growth as an indication of our futureperformance.We experience fluctuations in operating results.Our annual and quarterly operating results have fluctuated, and are expected to continue to fluctuate. Among the factors that may cause our operating results tofluctuate are customers’ response to merchandise offerings, the timing of the rollout of new sales outlets, seasonal variations in sales, the timing of merchandisereceipts, the level of merchandise returns, changes in merchandise mix and presentation, our cost of merchandise, unanticipated operating costs, and other factorsbeyond our control, such as general economic conditions and actions of competitors.We have historically experienced seasonal fluctuations in our sales. A substantial portion of our revenues are typically earned during the second and fourthquarters and we generally experience lowest revenues during the first and third quarters. If sales during the second and fourth quarters are lower than expected, ouroperating results would be adversely affected, and it would have a disproportionately large impact on our annual operating results. The sales of our products arealso affected by local spending behavior, which are typically affected by seasonal shopping patterns during major Chinese holidays.7Table of ContentsAs a result of these factors, we believe that periodtoperiod comparisons of historical and future results will not necessarily be meaningful and should not be reliedon as an indication of future performance.Our failure to collect the trade receivables or untimely collection could affect our liquidity.Our distributors place advance purchase orders twice a year. From 2015 to 2018, we typically expect and receive payment within 30180 days of product delivery. Inaddition, approximately 83.2% of accounts receivables are within a 180 days credit term. Starting in September 2015, we extended credit to some of our customers to150180 days without requiring collaterals. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of the financial condition of our customers and we generally require no collateralfrom our distributors and authorized retailers to secure their payment obligations. However, our sales going forward may rely more heavily on credit, and if weencounter future problems collecting amounts due from our clients or if we experience delays in the collection of amounts due from our clients, our liquidity could benegatively affected.The Chinese economy experienced a softening of economic growth, and the apparel industry is also facing a downturn. The impact of the current and possiblefuture economic downturn on our distributors cannot be predicted and may be severe, causing a significant impact on their business. As a result, our financialcondition and result of operations could be negatively affected. In addition, if they cannot continue their orders of our products due to the failure of paying us forits previous purchases, our brand image and reputation may be materially negatively affected as well.We rely on distributors for a substantial portion of our sales and the loss of any of our large distributors would harm our business. A substantial portion of our sales are made to distributors that resell our products. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, distributors accounted forapproximately 67% and 73% of our total sales, respectively, and our top five distributors accounted for approximately 23.8% and 34.8% of our total sales,respectively. The marketing efforts of our distributors are critical for our success. If we fail to attract additional distributors, and our existing distributors do notpromote our products at the same or at a greater level than the products of our competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could beadversely affected.Furthermore, there is no assurance that any of our distributors will satisfy the sales targets set forth in their distribution agreements and we or they may not wish torenew the distribution agreements in future years. Moreover, our distributors are not obliged to continue to place orders with the Company at the same level asbefore or at all and there is no assurance that we would be able to obtain orders from other distributors to replace any such lost sales on terms satisfactory to us orall. If any of our largest distributors substantially reduces its purchases from us, or otherwise fails to renew its distribution agreement with us, we may suffer asignificant loss of sales and our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We have limited control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhereto, or fail to cause the third party retail outlet operators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.We rely on the contractual obligations set forth in the distribution agreements that we enter into with our distributors, as well as policies and standards we formulatefrom time to time, to impose our retail policies on these distributors in respect of the franchisee retail outlets. In addition, as we do not enter into any agreementswith the third party retail outlet operators, we rely on our distributors to ensure that these franchisee retail outlets operate in accordance with our retail policies. Assuch, our control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and the franchisee retail outlet operators is limited. There is no assurance that our distributors orthe third party franchisee retail outlet operators will comply with, or that the distributors will enforce, our retail policies. As a result, we may not be able to effectivelymanage our sales network or maintain a uniform brand image, and cannot assure you that franchisee retail outlets would continue to offer quality services toconsumers.8Table of ContentsIn addition, if any of the distributors or third party franchisee retail outlet operators experiences difficulties in selling our products in the retail market, they mayattempt to disregard our pricing policies and liquidate their excessive inventory buildup through aggressive discounts, which may damage the image and the valueof our brand. There is no assurance that we will be able to, in a timely manner, impose penalties on or replace any distributors who consistently fail to comply with,or fail to cause the third party franchisee retail outlet operators appointed by them to comply with, our retail policies in their operation of franchisee retail outlets. Insuch event, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We may not be able to accurately track the inventory levels at our distributors, retailers or department store concessions.Our ability to track the sales by our distributors to thirdparty retailers and the ultimate retail sales by the retailers, and consequently their respective inventorylevels, is limited. We implement a policy to require our distributors to provide us with their sales reports on a weekly basis and we carry out random onsiteinspections of our distributors to track their inventories. The purpose of tracking the inventory level is mainly to gather information regarding the market acceptanceof our products so that we can reflect consumers’ preferences in the design and development of our products for the next season. The tracking of inventory levelalso helps us to understand the market recognition of our products in a particular region, and thus allows us to adjust our marketing strategy if necessary. Theimplementation of the policy, however, requires the distributors to accurately report the relevant data to us in a timely manner, which is largely dependent on thecooperation of the Company’s distributors. We may not always obtain the required data in time and the data provided to us by our distributors may be inaccurate orincomplete.Inaccurate, mistaken, incomplete or delayed data regarding inventory levels may mislead the Company to make wrong business judgments for its production,marketing efforts and sales strategies. If that happens, our operations and financial results may be materially adversely affected. In addition, if we cannot manageinventory levels properly, future orders of our products may be reduced, which would materially adversely affect our future business, financial condition, results ofoperation and prospects.Our operations could be materially adversely affected if we fail to effectively manage our relationships with, or lose the services of, our OEM contractmanufacturers.The production of our brand name products are 100% outsourced to PRCbased thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2018 and2017 we had 5 and 6 contract manufacturers, respectively. Purchases from our top five OEM contract manufacturers accounted for approximately 92% and 88.6% ofour total purchases for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As we do not enter into longterm contracts with our OEM contractmanufacturers, they may decide not to accept our future OEM orders on the same or similar terms, or at all. If an OEM contract manufacturer decides to substantiallyreduce its volume of supply to us or to terminate its business relationship with us, we may not be able to find a proper replacement in a timely manner and may beforced to default on the agreements with our distributors that sell our products. This may negatively impact our revenues and adversely affect our reputation andrelationships with our distributors that sell our products, causing a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.Further, if any of our OEM contract manufacturers fails to provide the required number of products meeting our quality standards, we may have to delay delivery ofproducts to our distributors, become unable to supply products at all, or even recall products previously dispatched. This could cause the Company to loserevenues or market share and damage our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operationsand prospects. In addition, some OEM contract manufacturers may not fully comply with certain laws, such as labor and environmental laws. If any of our OEMcontract manufacturers is found to have violated laws and regulations in the PRC, media reports on such violations may negatively affect our reputation and image,resulting in material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.9Table of ContentsWhile we provide the designs of our products to the OEM contract manufacturers, as well as guidance for manufacturing the products ordered by us, we do nothave direct control over the OEM contract manufacturers. If any of them is involved in unauthorized production and sale of goods using the KBS brand, ourreputation, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.As the Company grows, our reliance on OEM contract manufacturers may also grow as our added production capacity may not be sufficient to keep pace with theincreased production requirements driven by our growth. We may not be able to find sufficient additional OEM contract manufacturers to produce our products onthe same or similar terms as our existing OEM contract manufacturers, and we may not be able to achieve our growth and development goals.Any interruption in our operations could impair our financial performance and negatively affect our brand. Our operations are complicated and integrated, involving the coordination of thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers and external distribution processes. Whilethese operations are modified on a regular basis in an effort to improve outsourcing and distribution efficiency and flexibility, we may experience difficulties incoordinating the various aspects of our operations processes, thereby causing downtime and delays. In addition, we may encounter interruption in our operationsprocesses due to a catastrophic loss or events beyond our control, such as fires, explosions, labor disturbances or violent weather conditions. Any interruptions inour operations or capabilities at our facilities could result in our inability to procure our products, which would reduce our net sales and earnings for the affectedperiod. If there are delays in delivery times to our customers, our business and reputation could be severely affected. Any significant delays in deliveries to ourcustomers could lead to increased returns or cancellations and cause the Company to lose future sales. The Company currently does not have business interruptioninsurance to offset these potential losses, delays and risks so a material interruption of our business operations could severely damage our business.We rely heavily on our management information system for inventory management, distribution and other functions. If our system fail to perform thesefunctions adequately or if we experience an interruption in our operation, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. The efficient operation of our business is dependent on our management information systems. We rely heavily on our management information systems to manageour order entry, order fulfillment, pricing, pointofsale and inventory replenishment processes. We cannot assure you that our management information system will operate properly or without interruption. Any malfunction to any part or all of our managementinformation system for a prolonged period may cause delays in operations or impairment of our overall business efficiency. We also cannot ensure that the level ofsecurity currently maintained will be sufficient to protect the system from third party intrusions, viruses, lost or stolen data, or similar situations. Additionally, aspart of our growth and development strategy over the next few years, we plan to upgrade and improve our management information system. We cannot assure youthat there will be no interruptions to our management information system during the upgrades or that the new management information system will be able tointegrate fully with the existing information system. The failure of our management information system to perform as we anticipate could disrupt our business and could result in decreased revenue, increased overheadcosts and excess or outofstock inventory levels, causing our business and results of operations to suffer materially. Failure to protect the integrity, security and use of our customers’ information and media could expose us to litigation and materially damage our standingwith our customers. Increasing costs associated with information security — such as increased investment in technology, the costs of compliance with consumer protection laws andcosts resulting from consumer fraud — could cause our business and results of operations to suffer materially. While we have taken significant steps to protectcustomer and confidential information, including entering into confidentiality agreements with relevant employees and incorporate confidentiality clauses in ourpolicies, there can be no assurance that advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments will prevent thecompromise of our customer transaction processing capabilities and personal data. If any such compromise of our security were to occur, it could have a materialadverse effect on our reputation, operating results and financial condition. Any such compromise may materially increase the costs we incur to protect against suchinformation security breaches and could subject us to additional legal risk. Procurement specialists and managers are required to sign a confidentiality agreement. 10Table of ContentsWe have limited insurance coverage in China and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses. Operation of our facilities involves many risks, including equipment failures, natural disasters, industrial accidents, power outages, labor disturbances and otherbusiness interruptions. We do not carry any business interruption insurance, product recall or thirdparty liability insurance for our production facilities or withrespect to our products to cover claims pertaining to personal injury or property or environmental damage arising from defects in our products, product recalls,accidents on our property or damage relating to our operations. While business interruption insurance and other types of insurance are available to a limited extentin China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of such insurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commerciallyreasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Therefore, our existing insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all risks associatedwith our business. As a result, we may be required to pay for financial and other losses, damages and liabilities, including those caused by natural disasters andother events beyond our control, out of our own funds, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our inability to protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights may prevent us from successfully marketing our products and competingeffectively. We believe our trademarks and other intellectual property rights are important to our success and competitive position and recognize the importance of registeringthe trademarks related to our KBS brand for protection against infringement. We currently hold two registered trademarks. Failure to protect our intellectual propertycould harm our brand and our reputation, and adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. Further, enforcing or defending our intellectual property rights,including our trademarks, patents, copyrights and trade secrets, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. We produce, marketand sell our products under registered trademarks. We regard our intellectual property, particularly our trademarks and trade secrets to be of considerable value andimportance to our business and our success. We rely on a combination of trademark, patent, and trade secrecy laws, and contractual provisions to protect ourintellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect these proprietary rights will be adequate or that third parties will notinfringe or misappropriate our trademarks, trade secrets or similar proprietary rights. In addition, there can be no assurance that other parties will not assertinfringement claims against us, and we may have to pursue litigation against other parties to assert our rights. Any such claim or litigation could be costly, and wemay lack the resources required to defend against such claims. In addition, any event that would jeopardize our proprietary rights or any claims of infringement bythird parties could have a material adverse effect on our ability to market or sell our brands, and profitably exploit our products.Environmental regulations impose substantial costs and limitations on our operations. We use chemicals and produce significant emissions in our manufacturing operations. As such, we are subject to various national and local environmental laws andregulations in China concerning issues such as air emissions, wastewater discharges, and solid waste management and disposal. These laws and regulations canrestrict or limit our operations and expose us to liability and penalties for noncompliance. While we believe that our facilities are in material compliance with allapplicable environmental laws and regulations, the risks of substantial unanticipated costs and liabilities related to compliance with these laws and regulations arean inherent part of our business. It is possible that future conditions may develop, arise or be discovered that create new environmental compliance or remediationliabilities and costs. While we believe that we can comply with existing environmental legislation and regulatory requirements and that the costs of compliance havebeen included within budgeted cost estimates, compliance may prove to be more limiting and costly than anticipated.We may be unable to establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, and, as a result, we may be unable to accuratelyreport our financial results or prevent fraud.We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities law. The SEC as required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (“SOX 404”), adoptedrules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal control over financial reporting in its annual report, which mustalso contain management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, the independent registered publicaccounting firm auditing the financial statements of a company that is not a nonaccelerated filer under Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act must also attest to theoperating effectiveness of the company’s internal controls.11Table of ContentsFailure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could result in our inability to accurately report our financial results, prevent or detect fraudor provide timely and reliable financial and other information pursuant to the reporting obligations we have as a public company, which could have a materialadverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, it could cause our investors to lose confidence in the information we report,which could adversely affect our stock price.RISKS RELATED TO DOING BUSINESS IN CHINAOur business operation may be affected if we are forced to relocate our manufacturing facilities and stores.We leased the premises for our office located in Shishi and one corporate store. However, none of our lease agreements have been registered with the relevantgovernmental agencies. According to our PRC legal counsel, without registration, our rights to use and occupy the premises may not be secured if any third partiessuch as other tenants who have registered their lease agreements challenge us under PRC law. Moreover, while we have taken various measures to verify theownership of property such as checking utility bills and search government records, most of our landlords have declined to confirm whether they possess theproperty ownership certificates and land use rights certificates for our properties. As a result, we have been unable to verify whether third parties may assert theirownership rights under PRC law against most of our landlords or challenge most of our leases in the future. If our rights to use the premises are challenged, we maybe forced to relocate to other premises. We may not be able to relocate to a suitable premise promptly or lease alternative premises on terms at least as favorable asour existing ones. In addition, relocation costs and interruption of production may have a material adverse effect on our business operation and financialperformance.Changes in the economic and political policies of the PRC government could have a material and adverse effect on our business and operations.We conduct substantially all our business operations in China. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are significantly dependenton economic and political developments in China. China’s economy differs from the economies of developed countries in many aspects, including the level ofdevelopment, growth rate and degree of government control over foreign exchange and allocation of resources. While China’s economy has experienced significantgrowth in the past 30 years, the growth has been uneven across different regions and periods and among various economic sectors in China. We cannot assure youthat China’s economy will continue to grow, or that if there is growth, such growth will be steady and uniform, or that if there is a slowdown, such slowdown will nothave a negative effect on its business and results of operations.The PRC government exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, control over payment of foreign currencydenominated obligations, implementation of monetary policy, and preferential treatment of particular industries or companies. Certain measures adopted by the PRCgovernment may restrict loans to certain industries, such as changes in the statutory deposit reserve ratio and lending guidelines for commercial banks by thePeople’s Bank of China, or PBOC. These current and future government actions could materially affect our liquidity, access to capital, and ability to operate ourbusiness.The global financial markets experienced significant disruptions in 2008 and the United States, Europe and other economies went into recession. Since 2012, growthof the Chinese economy has slowed. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources.Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy but may also have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operation could bematerially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, any stimulusmeasures designed to boost the Chinese economy, may contribute to higher inflation, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.See “Risks Related to Doing Business in China Future inflation in China may inhibit our ability to conduct business in China.”12Table of ContentsUncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the legal protections available to you and us.We conduct substantially all of our business through our operating subsidiaries in the PRC. Our operating subsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulationsapplicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws applicable to foreigninvested enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes, andprior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, a series of new PRC laws and regulations have significantlyenhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, since the PRC legal system continues to evolve rapidly, theinterpretations of many laws, regulations, and rules are not always uniform, and enforcement of these laws, regulations, and rules involve uncertainties, which maylimit legal protections available to you and us. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources andmanagement attention. In addition, most of our executive officers and directors are residents of China and not of the United States, and substantially all the assets ofthese persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it could be difficult for investors to affect service of process in the United States or to enforce ajudgment obtained in the United States against our Chinese operations and subsidiaries.You may have difficulty enforcing judgments against us.Most of our assets are located outside of the United States and most of our current operations are conducted in the PRC. In addition, most of our directors andofficers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons is located outside the UnitedStates. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce inU.S. courts judgments on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, most of whom are not residents inthe United States and the substantial majority of whose assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts ofthe PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts. Our counsel as to PRC law has advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgmentsare provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. Courts in China may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRCCivil Procedures Law based on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have anytreaties or other arrangements that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments with the United States. In addition, according to thePRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violatesbasic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security, or the public interest. So, it is uncertain whether a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by acourt in the United States.The PRC government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities.The PRC government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and stateownership. Our ability to operate in China may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, import and export tariffs,environmental regulations, land use rights, property, and other matters. We believe that our operations in China are in material compliance with all applicable legaland regulatory requirements. However, the central or local governments of the jurisdictions in which we operate may impose new, stricter regulations orinterpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations orinterpretations.Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision not to continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more centrally plannedeconomy or regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant effect on economic conditions in China or particularregions thereof and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then hold in Chinese properties or joint venturesRestrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our sales effectively. The majority of our sales will be settled in RMB and U.S. dollars, and any future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit our ability to use revenue generated inRMB to fund any future business activities outside China or to make dividend or other payments in U.S. dollars. Although the Chinese government introducedregulations in 1996 to allow greater convertibility of the RMB for current account transactions, significant restrictions still remain, including primarily the restrictionthat foreigninvested enterprises may only buy, sell or remit foreign currencies after providing valid commercial documents, at those banks in China authorized toconduct foreign exchange business. In addition, conversion of RMB for capital account items, including direct investment and loans, is subject to governmentalapproval in China, and companies are required to open and maintain separate foreign exchange accounts for capital account items. We cannot be certain that theChinese regulatory authorities will not impose more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of the RMB in the future.13Table of ContentsFluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.The value of our securities will be indirectly affected by the foreign exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and RMB and between those currencies and othercurrencies in which our sales may be denominated. Appreciation or depreciation in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial resultsreported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations. Fluctuations in the exchange rate will alsoaffect the relative value of any dividend we issue that will be exchanged into U.S. dollars, as well as earnings from, and the value of, any U.S. dollardenominatedinvestments we make in the future.Since July 2005, the RMB has no longer been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Since then the RMB has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly andunpredictably, and in recent years the RMB has depreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progresstowards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate systemand there is no guarantee that the RMB will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how marketforces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future.Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedgingtransactions. While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited, and we may not beable to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition, our foreign currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrictour ability to convert RMB into foreign currencies. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends and other distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you, and otherwise fund and conduct our business. Substantially all of our sales are earned by our PRC subsidiaries. However, PRC regulations restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make dividends and otherpayments to their offshore parent companies. PRC legal restrictions permit payments of dividends by our PRC subsidiaries only out of their accumulated aftertaxprofits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are also required under PRC laws and regulations toallocate at least 10% of their annual aftertax profits determined in accordance with PRC GAAP to a statutory general reserve fund until the amounts in said fundreaches 50% of their registered capital. Allocations to these statutory reserve funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not transferable to us in the formof loans, advances, or cash dividends. Any limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to transfer funds to us could materially and adversely limit our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends and otherwise fund and conduct our business.PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary toliability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital ordistribute profits.SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing andRoundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as “SAFECircular 75” promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of the SAFE in connection with theirdirect establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets orequity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a “special purpose vehicle.” SAFE Circular 37 furtherrequires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capitalcontributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in aspecial purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profitdistributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent crossborder foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted inits ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described abovecould result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for theForeign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015 by SAFE, local banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration foroverseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under SAFE Circular 37 from June 1, 2015.14Table of ContentsAccording to SAFE Circular 37, our shareholders or beneficial owners, who are PRC residents, are subject to SAFE Circular 37 or other foreign exchangeadministrative regulations in respect of their investment in our company. We have notified substantial beneficial owners of ordinary shares who we know are PRCresidents of their filing obligations. Nevertheless, we may not be aware of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. We do not havecontrol over our beneficial owners and there can be no assurance that all of our PRCresident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE Circular 37 and subsequentimplementation rules, and there is no assurance that the registration under SAFE Circular 37 and any amendment will be completed in a timely manner, or will becompleted at all. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their foreign exchange registrations in a timely manner pursuant toSAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with theregistration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to fines andlegal sanctions. Such failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiary and limitour PRC subsidiary’s ability to distribute dividends to our company. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and resultsof operations.Furthermore, SAFE Circular 37 is unclear how this regulation, and any future regulation concerning offshore or crossborder transactions, will be interpreted,amended and implemented by the relevant PRC government authorities, and we cannot predict how these regulations will affect our business operations or futurestrategy. Failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRCsubsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to us. These risks could in the future have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results ofoperations.We may be unable to complete a business combination transaction efficiently or on favorable terms due to complicated merger and acquisition regulationswhich became effective on September 8, 2006.On August 9, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the China Securities Regulatory Commission, promulgated the Regulation on Mergers and Acquisitionsof Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006, and was subsequently amended in 2009. This regulation, among otherthings, governs the approval process of a PRC company’s participation in an acquisition of assets or equity interests. Depending on the structure of the transaction,the regulation requires the PRC parties to make a series of applications and supplemental applications to the government agencies for approval of acquisition ofassets or equity interests from other entity. In some instances, the application process may require a presentation of economic data concerning the transaction,including appraisals of the target business and evaluations of the acquirer, which are designed to allow the government to assess viability of the transaction.Government approvals will have expiration dates, by which a transaction must be completed and reported to the government agencies. Compliance with theregulation is likely to be more time consuming and expensive than it was in the past, and provides the government more controls over business combination of twoenterprises. As a result, our ability to engage in business combination transactions has become significantly more complicated, time consuming, and expensive. Wemay not be able to negotiate a transaction that is acceptable to our stockholders or sufficiently protect their interests in a transaction.The regulation allows PRC governmental agencies to assess the economic terms of a business combination transaction. Parties to a business combinationtransaction may have to submit to MOFCOM and other relevant government agencies an appraisal report, an evaluation report, and the acquisition agreement, all ofwhich were a part of the application for approval, depending on the structure of the transaction. The regulation also prohibits a transaction with an acquisition priceobviously lower than the appraised value of the PRC business or assets and in certain transaction structures, and requires consideration being paid within a definedperiod, generally not in excess of a year. The regulation also limits our ability to negotiate various terms of the acquisition, including the initial consideration,contingent consideration, holdback provisions, indemnification provisions, and provisions related to the assumption and allocation of assets and liabilities.Transaction structures involving trusts, nominees and similar entities are prohibited. Therefore, such regulation may impede our ability to negotiate and complete abusiness combination transaction on financial terms that satisfy our investors and protect our stockholders’ economic interests.15Table of ContentsPRC regulation of loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion mayrestrict or prevent us from using the proceeds of our future financings to make loans to our PRC subsidiaries, or to make additional capital contributions toour PRC subsidiary.We, as an offshore holding company, are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC subsidiary, which are treated as foreigninvestedenterprises under PRC laws, through loans or capital contributions. However, loans by us to any PRC subsidiary to finance its activities cannot exceed statutorylimits and must be registered with the local counterpart of SAFE and capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary are subject to the requirement of making necessaryfilings in the Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System, and registration with other governmental authorities in China.SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital ofForeigninvested Enterprises, or Circular 19, effective on June 1, 2015, in replacement of the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvementof the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign Invested Enterprises, or Circular 142, the Notice from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Exchange Businesses, or Circular 59, and theCircular on Further Clarification and Regulation of the Issues Concerning the Administration of Certain Capital Account Foreign Exchange Businesses, orCircular 45. According to Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of a foreigninvestedcompany is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans, the repayment of interenterprise loans or the repayment ofbank loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of aforeign invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within the PRC, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFEwill permit such capital to be used for equity investments in the PRC in actual practice. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, whichreiterates some of the rules set forth in Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registeredcapital of a foreigninvested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to grant loans to nonassociated enterprises.Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. Circular 19 and Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer anyforeign currency we hold, including the net proceeds from our future financings, to our PRC subsidiary, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability tofund and expand our business in the PRC.Due to the restrictions imposed on loans in foreign currencies extended to any PRC domestic companies, we are not likely to make such loans to any of our PRCsubsidiaries. Meanwhile, we are not likely to finance the activities of our subsidiaries by means of capital contributions given the restrictions on foreign investmentin the businesses that are currently conducted by our subsidiaries.In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannotassure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, withrespect to future loans to our PRC subsidiary or any consolidated variable interest entity or future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiary. As a result,uncertainties exist as to our ability to provide prompt financial support to our PRC subsidiaries when needed. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain suchapprovals, our ability to use foreign currency, including the proceeds we received from our future financings, and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operationsmay be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.16Table of ContentsAny failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal oradministrative sanctions.Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas nonpubliclylisted companies may submit applications to SAFE orits local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. In the meantime, our directors, executive officers andother employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year, subject to limitedexceptions, and who have been granted restricted shares, options or restricted share units, or RSUs, by us or our overseas listed subsidiaries may follow the Noticeon Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company,issued by SAFE in February 2012, to apply for the foreign exchange registration. According to those regulations, employees, directors and other managementmembers participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC citizens residing in China for acontinuous period of not less than one year, subject to limited exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which may be aPRC subsidiary of the overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines andlegal sanctions and may also limit their ability to make payment under the relevant equity incentive plans or receive dividends or sales proceeds related thereto inforeign currencies, or our ability to contribute additional capital into our domestic subsidiaries in China and limit our domestic subsidiaries’ ability to distributedividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties under PRC law that could restrict our ability or the ability of our overseas listed subsidiaries to adoptadditional equity incentive plans for our directors and employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period ofnot less than one year, subject to limited exceptions.In addition, the State Administration of Taxation has issued circulars concerning employee share options, restricted shares or RSUs. Under these circulars,employees working in the PRC who exercise share options, or whose restricted shares or RSUs vest, will be subject to PRC individual income tax. The PRCsubsidiaries of an overseas listed company have obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authoritiesand to withhold individual income taxes of those employees related to their share options, restricted shares or RSUs. If the employees fail to pay, or the PRCsubsidiaries fail to withhold, their income taxes according to relevant laws, rules and regulations, the PRC subsidiaries may face sanctions imposed by the taxauthorities.Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a “resident enterprise” of China. Such classification will likely result in unfavorable taxconsequences to us and our nonPRC shareholders.On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress of China passed a new Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law. On November 28, 2007, the State Council ofChina passed its implementing rules, which took effect on January 1, 2008. Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto managementbodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise,” meaning that it can be treated in a manner similar to a Chinese enterprise for enterprise income taxpurposes. The implementing rules of the EIT Law define de facto management as “substantial and overall management and control over the production andoperations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise.On April 22, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice Concerning Relevant Issues Regarding Cognizance of Chinese Investment ControlledEnterprises Incorporated Offshore as Resident Enterprises. According to the Criteria of de facto Management Bodies, or the Notice, further interprets the applicationof the EIT Law and its implementation nonChinese enterprise or group controlled offshore entities. Pursuant to the Notice, an enterprise incorporated in an offshorejurisdiction and controlled by a Chinese enterprise or group will be classified as a “nondomestically incorporated resident enterprise” if (i) its senior management incharge of daily operations reside or perform their duties mainly in China; (ii) its financial or personnel decisions are made or approved by bodies or persons in China;(iii) its substantial assets and properties, accounting books, corporate chops, board and shareholder minutes are kept in China; and (iv) at least half of its directorswith voting rights or senior management often resident in China. A resident enterprise would be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on its worldwideincome and must pay a withholding tax at a rate of 10%, when paying dividends to its nonPRC shareholders. However, it remains unclear as to whether the Notice isapplicable to an offshore enterprise incorporated by a Chinese natural person, nor detailed measures on imposition of tax from nondomestically incorporatedresident enterprises are available. Therefore, it is unclear how tax authorities will determine tax residency based on the facts of each case.17Table of ContentsWe may be deemed to be a resident enterprise by Chinese tax authorities. If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for the PRCenterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on financingproceeds and nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although, under the EIT Law and its implementingrules, dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued a guidance with respect to the processingof outbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for the PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidanceissued with respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation, which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to ournonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC stockholders from transferring our shares.Our failure to fully comply with PRC laws relating to social insurance and housing accumulation fund may expose it to potential administrative penalties. The PRC laws and regulations require all employers in China to fully contribute their own portion to the social insurance and housing accumulation funds for theiremployees within a certain period of time. Failure to do so may expose the employers to make rectification for the unpaid contributions by the relevant laborauthority. As of the date of this report, Hongri PRC has not paid housing accumulation funds for its employees. In addition, Hongri PRC failed to make contributions to thesocial insurance in full amount for its employees before 2014. PRC governmental authorities may impose penalties on Hongri PRC for failure to comply. In addition, inthe event that any current or former employee files a complaint with the PRC government, Hongri PRC may be subject to making up the contributions to the socialinsurance and housing accumulation funds as well as paying administrative fines. The total cost of these contributions and any related fines or penalties could besignificant and could have a material adverse effect on our working capital. We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Chinese anticorruption laws, and any determination that we violated these lawscould have a material adverse effect on our business. We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act, or FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and theirofficials and political parties by U.S. persons and issuers as defined by the statute, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have operations,agreements with third parties, and make most of our sales in China. The PRC also strictly prohibits bribery of government officials. Our activities in China create therisk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company, even though they may not alwaysbe subject to our control. It is our policy to implement safeguards to discourage these practices by our employees. However, our existing safeguards and any futureimprovements may prove to be less than effective, and the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company may engage in conduct for whichwe might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA or Chinese anticorruption laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to otherliabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the U.S. government may seek to hold our Companyliable for successor liability FCPA violations committed by companies in which we invest or that we acquire. If we become directly subject to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.listed Chinese companies, we may have to expendsignificant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations, stock price and reputation, and could result in a loss ofyour investment in our stock, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favorably. In the past few years, U.S. publicly traded companies that have substantially all of their operations in China, particularly companies like us have been the subject ofintense scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators, and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism,and negative publicity has centered around financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, lacking effective internal controls over financial accounting,inadequate corporate governance policies or lacking of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, criticism, and negativepublicity, the publicly traded stocks of many U.S. listed Chinese companies have sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, have become virtually worthless.Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions, and are conducting internal and external investigations into theallegations. It is not clear the effect of this sectorwide scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity will have on our Company, our business, and our stock price. If webecome the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources toinvestigate such allegations defending our Company. This situation will be costly, time consuming, and distract our management from growing our company.18Table of ContentsThe disclosures in our reports and other filings with the SEC and our other public pronouncements will not be subject to the scrutiny of any regulatory bodiesin the PRC. Accordingly, our public disclosure should be reviewed in light of the fact that no governmental agency that is located in China where all of ouroperations and business are located have conducted any due diligence on our operations or reviewed or cleared any of our disclosure. Unlike public reporting companies whose operations are located primarily in the United States, however, all of our operations will be located in China. Since all of ouroperations and business takes place in China, it may be more difficult for the Staff of the SEC to overcome the geographic and cultural obstacles that are presentwhen reviewing our disclosure. These same obstacles are not present for similar companies whose operations or business take place entirely or primarily in theUnited States. Furthermore, our SEC reports and other disclosure and public pronouncements are not subject to the review or scrutiny of any PRC regulatoryauthority. For example, the disclosure in our SEC reports and other filings are not subject to the review of the CSRC, a PRC regulator that is tasked with oversight ofthe capital markets in China. Accordingly, you should review our SEC reports, filings and our other public pronouncements with the understanding that no localregulator has done any due diligence on our company and with the understanding that none of our SEC reports, other filings or any of our other publicpronouncements has been reviewed or otherwise been scrutinized by any local regulator. Proceedings instituted by the SEC against five PRCbased accounting firms could result in financial statements being determined to be not in compliance withthe requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.In December 2012, the SEC instituted proceedings under Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) of the SEC’s Rules of Practice against five PRCbased accounting firms alleging that thesefirms had violated U.S. securities laws and the SEC’s rules and regulations thereunder by failing to provide to the SEC the firms’ work papers related to their audits ofcertain PRCbased companies that are publicly traded in the United States. Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) grants to the SEC the authority to deny to any person, temporarily orpermanently, the ability to practice before the SEC who is found by the SEC, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, to have willfully violated, or willfully aidedand abetted the violation of, any such laws or rules and regulations. On January 22, 2014, an initial administrative law decision was issued, sanctioning four of theseaccounting firms and suspending them from practicing before the SEC for a period of six months. The sanction will not take effect until there is an order ofeffectiveness issued by the SEC. In February 2014, four of these PRCbased accounting firms filed a petition for review of the initial decision. In February 2015, eachof these four accounting firms agreed to a censure and to pay fine to the SEC to settle the dispute with the SEC. The settlement stays the current proceeding for fouryears, during which time the firms are required to follow detailed procedures to seek to provide the SEC with access to Chinese firms’ audit documents via the CSRC.If a firm does not follow the procedures, the SEC would impose penalties such as suspensions, or commence a new, expedited administrative proceeding against thenoncompliant firm or it could restart the administrative proceeding against all four firms.If our independent registered public accounting firm were denied, temporarily or permanently, the ability to practice before the SEC, and we are unable to find in atimely manner another registered public accounting firm which can audit and issue a report on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determinedto not be in compliance with the requirements for financial statements of public companies with a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the SEC’s revocation of the registration of our common stock under theExchange Act, which would cause the immediate delisting of our common stock from the NASDAQ Capital Market, and the effective termination of the tradingmarket for our common stock in the United States, which would likely have a significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.19Table of ContentsOur holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should we decide inthe future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depend upon the receipts of dividends or other payments fromour operating subsidiaries, other holdings, and investments. In addition, our operating subsidiaries, from time to time, may be subject to restrictions on their abilityto make distributions to us, including as a result of restrictive covenants in loan agreements, restrictions on the conversion of local currency into U.S. dollars orother hard currency, and other regulatory restrictions as discussed below. If future dividends are paid in RMB, fluctuations in the exchange rate for conversion ofRMB into U.S. dollars may reduce the amount received by the U.S. stockholders upon conversion of dividend payments into U.S. dollars.Chinese regulations currently permit the payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards andregulations. Our subsidiaries in China are also required to set aside a portion of their aftertax profits to fund certain reserve funds according to the Chineseaccounting standards and regulations. Currently, our subsidiaries in China are the only sources of revenues or investment holdings for the payment of dividends. Ifthey do not accumulate sufficient profits under Chinese accounting standards and regulations to satisfy certain reserve funds as required by the Chineseaccounting standards, we will be unable to pay any dividends.Aftertax profits/losses with respect to the payment of dividends from accumulated profits and the annual appropriation of aftertax profits as calculated pursuant tothe Chinese accounting standards and regulations do not result in significant differences as compared to aftertax earnings as presented in our financial statements.However, there are certain differences between PRC accounting standards and regulations and U.S. GAAP, arising from different treatment of items such asamortization of intangible assets and change in fair value of contingent consideration rising from business combinations.RISKS RELATED TO THIS OFFERING AND THE MARKET FOR OUR SECURITIES GENERALLYIf we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of NASDAQ, we would face possible delisting, which would result in a limited public market for ourshares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Our common stock is traded and listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “KBSF.” The common stock may be delisted if we fail to maintain certainNasdaq listing requirements. For instance, companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bidprice per share of $1.00 for 30 consecutive business days. On March 3, 2016, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the 30 consecutive businessdays between January 20, 2016 and March 2, 2016, the bid price of our common stock closed below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQListing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued inclusion on The NASDAQ Capital Market. In accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we had an initial graceperiod of 180 calendar days, or until August 30, 2016, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. After the Company effectuated a oneforfifteenreverse stock split of the outstanding common stock, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq on February 27, 2017 stating that because the Company maintainedthe closing bid price of its common stock at $1.00 per share or greater from February 9 to February 24, 2017, they determined that the Company has regainedcompliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement.We cannot ensure you that we will continue to comply with the requirements for continued listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If our commonstock is no longer listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market, our shares would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our shares could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, andsecurity analysts’ coverage of us may be reduced. In addition, in the event our shares are delisted, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed uponthem, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions in our shares, further limiting the liquidity of our shares. These factors could result in lowerprices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our shares. Such delisting from The NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our shareprice could also greatly impair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing, and could significantly increase the ownershipdilution to shareholders caused by our issuing equity in financing or other transactions.20Table of ContentsIf we were delisted from NASDAQ, we may become subject to the trading complications experienced by “Penny Stocks” in the overthecounter market.Delisting from NASDAQ may cause our shares of common stock to become the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. The SEC generally defines a penny stock as an equitysecurity that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. One such exemption is tobe listed on NASDAQ. The market price of our common stock is currently higher than $1.00 per share. However, because the daily trading volume in our commonstock is very low, significant price movement can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Therefore, were we to be delisted from NASDAQ,our common stock may become subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. These rules require, among other things, that any broker engaging in a purchase or sale ofour securities provide its customers with: (i) a risk disclosure document, (ii) disclosure of market quotations, if any, (iii) disclosure of the compensation of the brokerand its salespersons in the transaction and (iv) monthly account statements showing the market values of our securities held in the customer’s accounts. A brokerwould be required to provide the bid and offer quotations and compensation information before effecting the transaction. This information must be contained on thecustomer’s confirmation. Generally, brokers are less willing to effect transactions in penny stocks due to these additional delivery requirements. These requirementsmay make it more difficult for shareholders to purchase or sell our shares. Because the broker, not us, prepares this information, we would not be able to assure thatsuch information is accurate, complete or current.Trading in our shares over the last three months has been very limited, so our stock price is highly volatile, leading to the possibility that you may not be able tosell as much stock as you want at prevailing prices.Because approximately 70% of our then issued and outstanding shares of common stock was tendered in the tender offering closed on July 29, 2014, we currentlyhave a limited amount of shares eligible for public trading. The average daily trading volume in our common stock over the last three months is very limited. If limitedtrading in our common stock continues, it may be difficult for investors to sell their shares in the public market at any given time at prevailing prices. Moreover, themarket price for shares of our common stock may be made more volatile because of the relatively low volume of trading in our common stock. When trading volumeis low, significant price movement of our common stock can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Volatility in our common stock couldcause stockholders to incur substantial losses.Numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly.There are numerous additional factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly. Thesefactors include:●our earnings releases, actual or anticipated changes in our earnings, fluctuations in our operating results or our failure to meet the expectations of financialmarket analysts and investors;●changes in financial estimates by us or by any securities analysts who might cover our shares;●speculation about our business in the press or the investment community;●significant developments relating to our relationships with our customers or suppliers;●stock market price and volume fluctuations of other publicly traded companies and, in particular, those that are in our industries;●customer demand for our products;●investor perceptions of our industry in general and our company in particular;●the operating and stock performance of comparable companies;●general economic conditions and trends;●major catastrophic events;●announcements by us or our competitors of new products, significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships or divestitures;●changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretation or principles;●loss of external funding sources;●sales of our shares, including sales by our directors, officers or significant shareholders; and●additions or departures of key personnel.21Table of ContentsSecurities class action litigation is often instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their share price. This type of litigation could result insubstantial costs to us and divert our management’s attention and resources. Moreover, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price andvolume fluctuations for reasons unrelated to operating performance of particular companies. For example, in July 2008, the securities markets in the United States,China and other jurisdictions experienced the largest decline in share prices since September 2001. These market fluctuations may adversely affect the price of ourshares and other interests in our company at a time when you want to sell your interest in us.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and do not anticipate paying any cashdividends on our shares. Accordingly, investors must be prepared to rely on sales of their shares after price appreciation to earn an investment return, which maynever occur. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our shares. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion ofour Board of Directors, and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable laws, and otherfactors our board deems relevant.Certain of our shareholders hold a significant percentage of our outstanding voting securities.Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, is the beneficial owner of approximately 37% of our outstanding voting securities. As a result, hepossesses significant influence and can elect a majority of our board of directors and authorize or prevent proposed significant corporate transactions. Hisownership and control may also have the effect of delaying or preventing a future change in control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other businesscombination or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer.Our outstanding warrants may adversely affect the market price of our shares of common stock.There are currently 393,836 warrants outstanding. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50. The sale orpossibility of sale of the shares underlying the warrants could have an adverse effect on the market price for our shares of common stock or our ability to obtainfuture financing. If and to the extent these warrants are exercised, you may experience dilution to your holdings.You will not be able to exercise your redeemable warrants if we do not have an effective registration statement and a prospectus in place when you desire to doso.No redeemable warrants will be exercisable, and we will not be obligated to issue shares of common stock upon exercise of redeemable warrants by a holder unless,at the time of such exercise, we have a registration statement or posteffective amendment under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuableupon the exercise of the redeemable warrants and a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Under the terms of a redeemable warrant agreementbetween American Stock Transfer & Trust Company as warrant agent, and us, we have agreed to use our best efforts to have a registration statement in effectcovering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants from the date the redeemable warrants become exercisable and to maintain acurrent prospectus relating to shares of common stock until the redeemable warrants expire or are redeemed, and to take such action as is necessary to qualify theshares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants for sale in those states in which the IPO was initially qualified. However, we cannotassure you that we will be able to do so. We may be unable to have a registration statement in effect covering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of theredeemable warrants or to maintain a current prospectus relating to such shares of common stock if, for example, we lack the current financial statements necessaryto be included in such registration statement or prospectus. We have no obligation to settle the redeemable warrants for cash, in any event, and the redeemablewarrants may not be exercised and we will not deliver securities therefor in the absence of an effective registration statement and a prospectus available for use. Theredeemable warrants may be deprived of any value, the market for the redeemable warrants may be limited if there is no registration statement in effect covering theshares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the redeemable warrants or the prospectus relating to the shares of common stock issuable upon the exerciseof the redeemable warrants is not current and the redeemable warrants may expire worthless. If you are unable to exercise or sell your redeemable warrants, you willhave paid the full unit price for only the shares of common stock underlying the units.22Table of ContentsHolders of warrants included in the placement units may exercise these warrants even if an effective registration statement and a prospectus is not in place,which means they may be able to exercise such warrants while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.Unlike the warrants underlying the units issued in connection with our IPO, the warrants included in the placement units will not be restricted from being exercisedin the absence of a registration statement under the Securities Act in effect covering the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the such warrantsand a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Therefore, the holders thereof will be able to exercise such warrants regardless of whether the issuanceof the underlying shares of common stock is registered under the Securities Act, while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.We are a “foreign private issuer” and have disclosure obligations that are different than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. Therefore, you should notexpect to receive the same information about us as a U.S. domestic reporting company may provide. Furthermore, if we or lose our status as a foreign privateissuer, we would be required to fully comply with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers and incur significantoperational, administrative, legal, and accounting costs that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer.We are a foreign private issuer. As a result, we are not subject to certain of the requirements imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the SEC. For example, we arenot required by the SEC or the federal securities laws to issue quarterly reports or file proxy statements with the SEC. We are also allowed to file our annual reportwith the SEC within four months of our fiscal year end. We are also not required to disclose certain detailed information regarding executive compensation that isrequired from U.S. domestic issuers. Further, our directors and executive officers are not required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Securities Act. Asa foreign private issuer, we are also exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups ofinvestors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. We are, however, still subject to the antifraud and antimanipulation rules ofthe SEC, such as Rule 10b5. Since many of the disclosure obligations required of us as a foreign private issuer are different than those required by U.S. domesticreporting companies, our shareholders should not expect to receive all of the same types of information about us and at the same time as information is receivedfrom, or provided by, U.S. domestic reporting companies. We are liable for violations of the rules and regulations of the SEC, which do apply to us as a foreignprivate issuer. Violations of these rules could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain NASDAQ corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. Thismay afford less protection to holders of our securities.We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. As a foreign private issuer,we are permitted to follow the governance practices of our home country, the Republic of the Marshall Islands in lieu of certain corporate governance requirementsof Nasdaq. As result, the standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not requiredto:●have a compensation committee and a nominating committee to be comprised solely of “independent directors; and●hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the Company’s fiscal yearend.As a result, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.Future sales or perceived sales of our shares of common stock could depress our stock price.As of the date of this report, we have 2,591,299 shares of common stock outstanding. Many of these shares will become eligible for sale in the public market, subjectto limitations imposed by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. If the holders of these shares were to attempt to sell a substantial amount of their holdings at once, themarket price of our common stock could decline. Moreover, the perceived risk of this potential dilution could cause shareholders to attempt to sell their shares andinvestors to short the common stock, a practice in which an investor sells shares that he or she does not own at prevailing market prices, hoping to purchase shareslater at a lower price to cover the sale. As each of these events would cause the number of shares of our common stock being offered for sale to increase, ourcommon stock market price would likely further decline. All of these events could combine to make it very difficult for us to sell equity or equityrelated securities inthe future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.23Table of ContentsHolders of our securities may face difficulties in protecting their interests because we are incorporated under the Republic of the Marshall Islands law.We are a company incorporated under the laws of the Marshall Islands, and almost all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, majority of ourdirectors and officers, and their assets, are located outside of the United States. As a result, you may have difficulty serving legal process within the United Statesupon us or any of these persons. You may also have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside the United States, judgments you may obtain in U.S. courts against usor these persons in any action, including actions based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal or state securities laws. You may also have difficultybringing an original action in the appropriate court of the Marshall Islands to enforce liabilities against us or any person based upon the U.S. federal securities laws.Provisions of our articles of incorporation may impede a takeover or make it more difficult for shareholders to change the direction or management of theCompany, which could reduce shareholders’ opportunity to influence management of the Company.Our articles of incorporation permit our board of directors to issue up to five million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 from time to time, with suchrights and preferences as they consider appropriate. These terms may include voting rights including the right to vote as a series on particular matters, preferencesas to dividends and liquidation, conversion rights and redemption rights provisions. The issuance of any preferred stock could reduce the value of our commonstock. In addition, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell assets to, a third party. Theability of the board of directors to issue preferred stock could make it more difficult, delay, discourage, prevent or make it more costly to acquire or effect a changeincontrol, which in turn could prevent shareholders from recognizing a gain in the event that a favorable offer is extended and could materially and negatively affectthe market price of our common stock.ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANYA.History and Development of the CompanyWe are a Republic of the Marshall Islands Company incorporated under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BDA”) on January 26, 2012. We wereoriginally organized under the name “Aquasition Corp.” for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, orsimilar acquisition transaction, one or more operating businesses or assets. The address of the Company’s principal executive office is Xingfengge Building,Baogaiyupu Industrial Park, Shishi City, Fujian Province of china.On March 24, 2014, we entered into a share exchange agreement and plan of liquidation (the “Exchange Agreement”), with KBS International, Hongri International, athen wholly owned subsidiary of KBS International and Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, each an individual and shareholder of KBS International (each, a“Principal Stockholder”). The Exchange Agreement was subsequently amended on June 21, 2014. The transactions contemplated in the Exchange Agreement (the“Share Exchange”) were closed on August 1, 2014. At the closing, we acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interest in Hongri International from KBSInternational. In exchange, we issued an aggregate of 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company to KBS International. In addition, on July 29, 2014, wecompleted a tender offer related to the Share Exchange and redeemed the 332,116 shares of common stock validly tendered and not withdrawn. Pursuant to theExchange Agreement, KBS International was liquidated and dissolved in August 2014 and the 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company were distributed toeach shareholder of KBS International according to their respective ownership of KBS International. As a result, following the consummation of the Share Exchange,we had a total of 1,694,489 shares of common stock outstanding.24Table of ContentsOn October 31, 2014, we held a special shareholder meeting and amended our Articles of Incorporation to change our name to KBS Fashion Group Limited.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.On March 29, 2016, we granted an aggregate of 73,334 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their past services in 2015 and future services to be provided in 2016.On July 10, 2017, we granted an aggregate of 215,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company as compensationsfor their services.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their services.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 registered shares of common stock pursuant to our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to our executive officers,directors and certain employees as compensations for their services.On March 29, 2019, our board of directors approved the issuance of 15,000 shares of common stock to our Investor Relationship firm as compensation for theirservices. The issuance of the shares was made in reliance on the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), for theoffer and sale of securities not involving a public offering, and Regulation S promulgated thereunder. None of the shares have been registered under the Act andneither may be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.25Table of ContentsCorporate StructureAll of our business operations are conducted through our PRC subsidiaries. The chart below presents our corporate structure as of the date of this report. The Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regardingissuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.Our web site address is http://www.kbsfashion.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of thisAnnual Report.Principal Capital Expenditures and DivestituresFor the year ended December 31, 2018, our total capital expenditures and divestitures were $nil. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, our total capitalexpenditures and divestitures were $849,199 and $45,445, respectively. Such expenditures were primarily used construction of production facility and purchasing fireprotection facility. Our operating cash flow mainly funded these capital expenditures.B.Business OverviewWe are a leading casual menswear company in China with a demonstrated track record of designing, marketing, and selling our own line of fashion menswear. Ourproducts include men’s apparel, footwear and accessories, primarily targeting urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 in the Tier II and Tier III cities in China.Tier II cities generally refer to major cities located in each province of China other than the capital city of such province. Tier III cities generally refer to countylevelcities in China. Tier III cities that we focus on are the national top 100 county cities identified by the State Statistics Bureau of China each year. These cities arecharacterized by higher GDP, higher disposable income, better education and better infrastructure as compared with other countylevel cities.26Table of ContentsOur apparel products include outerwear, knitwear, denim, tops, bottoms, accessories and footwear. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products,each year with a different theme to highlight the current trends in menswear for the season.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by the company and 40 franchised stores operated by 14 third party distributors or their subdistributors. The number of stores has grown from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017and 2016, sales through our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues respectively, and sales through distributors and whole sellersaccounted for 73%, 66.5% and 78% of our revenues, respectively. Total revenue from corporate stores sales for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $7.0million for 2017 and $5.53 million for 2016.From 2009 through 2018, total net sales decreased from $28.1 million to $18.53 million while the net profit decreased from $9.0 million to a net loss of $8 million.Our Competitive StrengthsWe believe that the following competitive strengths enable us to compete effectively in and capitalize on the growing casual menswear industry in China.●There is a sizable market for our products. We believe that we have a sizeable potential market. Our target customers are male middleclass consumers inthe 2040 age range. According to the national census in 2018, the population in China between 1659 yearsold was approximately 900 million. Our targetgroup falls into this category and is estimated to be more than 200 million people. As a result of the growing affluence in the PRC and increased purchasingpower of the PRC population, we believe that PRC consumers are becoming more willing and able to purchase casual menswear. In addition, we believe thatthe purchasing decision of PRC consumers is becoming more predicated upon brand image, product design and style, rather than just price considerations.With rising affluence and improvement in lifestyle, we also believe the overall Chinese population is generally growing more brand name conscious andstyle oriented and has shown a propensity for increased spending on casual menswear.●We have a strong focus on design and product development. We believe that our inhouse design and product development capabilities allow us to createunique products that appeal to our customers. We have established a strong inhouse design and product development team of 20 employees as of April26, 2019. Our team identifies new fashion trends by attending fashion shows and exhibitions as well as by drawing from creative ideas in magazines andother media. Each spring and fall, we carefully plan and create a new product line for our fall/winter and spring/summer collections of 727 SKU thatencompasses our full range of product offerings, including outerwear, tops, bottoms and accessories. We introduce new design elements into our productlines each season. With our highly skilled and creative team of designers, we have extensive experience in creating unique designs to meet the preferencesand needs of our target customer base.●Our trademarked brand has earned a following in China. Our brand was developed in 2006. Our marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design andmade for Chinese.” Our customers are middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range. We believe that their products’ concept, marketing, design andpackaging fully match with the prowestern attitude and life styles of their target customers. We believe the KBS brand is essential to our success topenetrate to the casual menswear market in China.●We have an extensive and wellmanaged nationwide distribution network. We have an extensive distribution network throughout China. As of December31, 2018, we had 1 KBS branded corporate stores and 32 franchised stores across 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. TheKBS branded corporate stores are required to sell only our products. We have been building up our selected distributor network since 2007. As ofDecember 31, 2018, we had 11 distributors operating 32 franchised stores. All of our distributors have been working with us from 1 to 10 years. We selectour distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry, sales channels, business resources, brand promotioncapabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. Our distributors help us respond to changing consumer tastes in a timelymanner by providing regular feedback on our products at our semiannual sales fairs and frequent communications. The financial resources of ourdistributors allow us to expand our retail network with less working capital investment from us than would be required for establishing direct stores, as ourdistributors are responsible for the store rentals and cost of inventory in their stores. We sold a substantial amount of our products through ourdistributors, which have allowed us to distribute our products to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge ofour distributors and their sub distributors. We believe that our distribution network has enabled us to expand our business and increase our salesefficiently and with less operational risk. This model has also minimized our operational risk because we typically start production after we receive ordersfrom our distributors. We believe that using a distribution network to sell a substantial amount of our KBS products has enabled us to devote ourresources to our core competitive strengths of design, brand management and product development.27Table of Contents●We have an experienced management team. Our management team has extensive R&D, marketing and financial experience, led by our Chief ExecutiveOfficer, Mr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has over 27 years of experience in the apparel industry and also has developed a differentiated product by internationalcooperation with a Korean designer. After working in the garment industry for more than 16 years, Mr. Yan acquired and developed the KBS brand. Withhis strong understanding of the apparel industry, Mr. Yan has successfully established this brand name in the market. We are committed to attract andretain top management level executives who we believe are and will continue to be the driving force behind our product development and growth.Our Growth StrategyWe intend to further strengthen our market position in the casual menswear market in China by implementing the following strategies:●We plan to expand our online business and purchase one or more online sales platforms or online stores. Together with the change in consumer trends,online sales is now the most important sales channel in Chinese market and is becoming increasingly important globally. Sales from our stores anddistributors have been steadily decreasing, and we are now in the process of identifying the best possible ways to establish and expand our onlinebusiness. We plan to research and purchase one or more online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that KBS will have better opportunities toexpand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores in year 2019, and the management of KBS will keep on exploring other areas and businessmodels, such as the use of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends. We consider that ourpolicy to expand our outreach using new technologies will add significant shareholder value.●We plan to expand our OEM sales by attracting more reputable and longterm clients. We just had the renewal of a framework sales contract with twomajor current customers: Hangzhou Zhi Yin Apparel Clothes Co., Ltd and Hangzhou Yiyuan Apparel Co., Ltd. These two sales contracts are expected togenerate approximately RMB 28 million in total, of which RMB 20 million relates to Hangzhou Ziyin of new 450,000 orders and RMB 8 million relates toHangzhou Yiyuan of new 160,000 orders for this year. We are also expanding our OEM business and to get more clients, especially to focus on onlineproviders, as they have expanded their market share over the past years quickly together with the change in Chinese consumer’s preferences and occupy alarge market share. By the time when we start executing the orders, we expect that we can have sustainable and increasing business.●We plan to invest in a Greece Based Private Smart Tech Apparel Company. We signed a letter of intent with Tribe, one of the most innovative smartclothing technology companies internationally. If the transaction is consummated, we conceive that this investment will enhance and expand significantlyour client network and products offering. The smart clothing market is expected to surpass the 2 trillion US dollars in size in 2019 and we believe we are wellpositioned to capture a part of this market in the wider region.28Table of Contents●We plan to continue to raise the profile of the KBS brand through enhanced advertising and promotional activities. We believe that the strongassociation of KBS brand with our concept of “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese” has helped drive our brand positioning and customers’receptivity to our products. We intend to further build our brand and deliver a consistent brand image from product design to sales and marketing. We seekto promote and enhance our presence in China’s casual menswear market by continuing to adopt proactive marketing strategies and produce high quality,well designed casual menswear for our target market. In particular, we aim to increase awareness of our brand through: (1) multichannel advertisingstrategies through national television, fashion magazines, billboards and other media channels; (2) further assisting our distributors’ regional advertisingefforts; (3) distinctive store and product launch campaigns, including special events for new product launches and largescale grand opening events fornew stores, particularly new corporate stores; (4) update of the decoration and layout of a number of existing stores which have been in operation for yearsto improve the shopping experience; (5) participation in fashion shows; and (6) sponsorships of selected highimpact events. We believe that theseadvertising and promotional activities will help to further strengthen brand awareness in our target market and enhance customer loyalty.●We plan to expand and build upon our design and product development capabilities. We intend to further strengthen our design and productdevelopment capabilities by accelerating the commercialization of design concepts, expanding our product offerings and continuing to develop what webelieve is unique casual menswear. We plan to further invest in design and product development and expand our design and product development team byattracting talented designers, either domestic or international, and training young graduates from leading fashion design institutes. We believe thatcombining western fashion design experience with our local designer’s understanding of the China market and aesthetic will enable us to create fashionableyet popular casual menswear for consumers in China. We also intend to cooperate with our suppliers to develop new materials and fabrics which we believewill give customers a unique fashion product and create new market opportunities. We believe that our focus on designing unique and quality casualmenswear will allow us to maintain our competitiveness and help to enhance our sales and overall profitability.●We plan to expand our production capacity to expand and diversify our product offerings. Our production facility is located in Taihu City, AnhuiProvince, China, consisting of total 110,557 square meters of land. Currently this facility has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per yearand can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famous sportswear producers, some successful onlinebrand stores and fulfill some overseas orders. The construction of our facility commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases: Phase 1 consists of theconstruction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We have completed theconstruction of facilities for Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Although we have the designed capacity of 5 million pieces yearly, the facilitycurrently may only produce 2 million pieces per year. Phase 3 construction has been delayed because the local government needs additional time toconclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 canbe continued. Phase 4 will include production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quarters and livingfacilities. Upon completion, the new facility is expected to have a production capacity of 20 million pieces and accommodate 5,000 workers. Please see“Production” below for a more complete explanation of our plans for the expansion of our production capacity. We anticipate that the new productionfacility will allow us to further refine our existing product lines by offering more styles within our existing apparel and accessories categories and tointroduce additional, complementary apparel and accessories categories into our product line. We currently introduce 500 to 900 different styles ofproducts each year and intend to increase the number of our product offerings in the future.●We plan to expand our international market and attract more orders from overseas. Starting from year 2016, we have been awarded international OEMorders for producing clothes with overseas brands. Such orders are usually large and continuous. Due to the completion of phase 2 construction of ourAnhui factory, we have enough production capacity to take on large orders. The current utilization rate of the Anhui factory is still quite low and we expectto invest more in attracting more large orders from overseas.The KBS BrandWe are engaged in a highly competitive industry in which brand image and recognition is critical to attracting customers to purchase our products. We haveadopted KBS as a uniform brand name and image for all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. The KBS brand was created byMs. Qinghua Ye in 2006 and registered with the trademark administration authority in 2008. Subsequently, Ms. Ye assigned the KBS trademark to Hongri PRC in2008. In 2009, Hongri PRC transferred this trademark to France Cock, which then licensed such trademark back to Hongri PRC. Based on our sharp rise in revenuesince 2006, we believe that the KBS brand has gained a following in the casual menswear market in the cities where our products are sold.29Table of ContentsTo promote our brand, we have developed and implemented brand management policies in all of our corporate stores and franchised stores. Our brand managementpolicies set out detailed requirements for store decorations and display of products. This enables us to project a consistent brand image. In addition, each season,our design and product development team develops display concepts, including the presentation of our collections in the stores and the color schemes for thebackdrops. We also work closely with our distributors to supervise the daily operations of franchised stores through unscheduled visits to ensure that our brandmanagement policies are properly followed.We may suspend the supply of our products or terminate distribution agreements in the event that any of our distributors or their subdistributors consistently failsto comply with our brand management policies.Our ProductsOur apparel products include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, socks and caps. In 2018, thesuggested retail prices of our products ranged from RMB 15 to RMB1,599 (approximately $2 to $237) for our apparel products and RMB178 to RMB1599(approximately $26 to $236) for our accessory products. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products, each year with a different theme tohighlight the current trends in menswear for the season.Our DesignWe believe one of our key strengths is our internal design and product development team, which designs products that reinforce our brand image. Major parts ofour products are designed by our internal design and product development team with the collaboration of Korean designers. As of December 31, 2018, our designand product development team consisted of 20 members, including one senior designer with over five years of working experience. Final design concepts areapproved by Mr. Keyan Yan, who has more than 27 years of experience in the industry. All of the other designers are graduates of professional design schools inChina. We believe that our design and product development team is innovative and passionate and that the individual experience of each of our designers helpsbring new and exciting products to our customers. Our design and product development team conceptualizes each season’s collections through an interactiveprocess, taking into account our brand strategy, product image and market feedback, drawing inspirations from domestic and international fashion trends andcollaborating with both our suppliers and distributors to finetune our designs. In particular, we collaborate with our suppliers to develop a variety of materials andfabrics for our products. We also involve distributors in our product selection process to take advantage of their market intelligence, which helps us to adapt toconstantly changing customer preferences in local markets. Our designers also attend various domestic and international fashion shows to keep abreast of the latestfashion trends.Starting from year 2015, design of our products comes from three channels. In addition to designing products by our inhouse staff, we outsource to certainreputable designers. From time to time, our ODMs also will directly sell their designed products to us.In a typical year, we design and make around 1,500 prototypes. After the initial product selection, internal cost analysis of approved prototypes and final selectionby distributors at the sales fairs, we eventually select approximately 750 designs for mass production. Final design of all of our products will be approved by ourChairman, Mr. Yan.Our Distribution NetworkWe have established a nationwide distribution network consisting of corporate stores and franchised stores covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrallyadministered municipalities.Corporate StoresAs of December 31, 2018, we owned and operated 1 corporate store with the floor area of approximately 120 square meters. As part of our corporate strategy, weclosed 17 corporate stores in last two years because of the low profitability of certain corporate stores. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, salesthrough our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues, respectively.30Table of ContentsWe directly own and operate our corporate store. This direct control enables us to have closer relationship with our ultimate customers and better understanding ofmarket trends and consumer preferences. Required capital for opening of each store depends on the location and area of the designated store. On average, therenovation cost per store is around $67,000 and the first year of rent payment is around $140,000 including premium paid to the previous owner. Rental period variesfrom two to five years. The total capital required to open a new store is generally around $207,000 per store. Once negotiation of rent is concluded, it takes one totwo months to open up a store. We usually open up stores right before a peak season, such as labor holiday in May, National holiday in October and Chinese NewYear in January/February. On average, new stores break even after one to three months of operation.We currently have one standard designs for our corporate stores located in Fujian Province. They were considered as flagship stores for our distributors’ reference.Because in year 2016 and 2015 we closed some corporate stores, the inventories of these stores were cleared through promotion exhibitions we held in the thirdtiercities at lower prices.For corporate stores opened in second tier cities, we normally have a higher aesthetic standard compared with corporate stores in third and fourth tier cities. Wegenerally locate our corporate stores at street level to access high pedestrian flow. Normally, we will sell inseason stock in our secondtier city corporate stores. Oursecondtier city corporate stores are also designed to showcase our marketability to potential distributors so as to induce them to join our distributorship. For storesopened in the third and fourth tier cities, we normally sell some of our slowmoving or offseason stock at a discount due to our awareness of the generally lesseramount of disposable income available to residents of these cities. During certain times of the year, such as the New Year, Chinese New Year and Labor Day, we willorganize promotional discounts together with our franchised stores to attract more customers and increase our stock turnover.Franchised StoresWe sell a substantial amount of our products to our franchised distributors who in turn sell them to retail customers through KBS branded retail stores operated byour distributors or their subdistributors. Since 2013, we have also been selling products to 3 provincial distributors without their own stores, or the nostoredistributors, on a trial basis. We do not have any ownership in, or controlling relationship with, these franchised stores, but we have entered into distributionagreements with them in the Company’s standard form, pursuant to which we require distributors and their subdistributors to sell only KBS products in thesestores. Distributors are responsible for selecting and ordering products from us and overseeing the sales in the stores operated by them and their subdistributors.By selling directly to our distributors, we can recognize revenues upon delivery to our distributors and delegate the distribution responsibilities to our distributors.This allows us to distribute our merchandise to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge of our distributors and theirsubdistributors. This also minimizes our inventory and sales risks while allowing us to allocate our resources to our core competitive strengths of design, brandmanagement and product development. We believe that our cooperation with distributors has enabled us to expand our business and accelerate our sales growth atmuch lower costs and operational risk and achieve brand recognition throughout China.We have been building up our selected franchised distributor network since 2007. As of December 31, 2018, we had 11 franchised distributors who operated 32 retailstores directly or through their subdistributors, all of which were standalone stores, which were typically located in commercial centers, including departmentstores or shopping malls, in their cities. All these distributors have worked with us for about 1 to 8 years. We have not encountered any material dispute or financialdifficulty with our key distributors. The average floor area of each retail store was approximately 78 square meters as of December 2018. The number of retail storeshas grown significantly in recent years from 7 as of December 31, 2006, with the aggregate floor area increasing from 560 square meters as of December 31, 2006 to2,635 square meters as of December 31, 2018. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, sales through our distributors accounted for 73%, 63.3% and78% of our revenues, respectively. 31Table of ContentsDuring each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we had no customer exceeding 10% of our net sales.Sales generated by our five bestperforming franchised distributors accounted for approximately 29.3%, 23.8% and 28.3% of our revenues in the years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Those top distributors have been with us since 2007 or 2008 and have grown organically with us. At the same time,we are exploring more distributors in other regions including relatively small distributors to grow with their businesses. Although we rely on distributors for thesales and marketing of our products, we believe our business is not substantially dependent on any individual distributor.We are highly selective in appointing distributors. We select our distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry,sales channels, business resources, brand promotion capabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. We maintain good relationshipswith many regional or local distributor candidates which we identify through our internal research and external referrals but only appoint a handful of them tobecome our distributors. We evaluate the relevant experience of the distributor candidates in operating retail stores, their financial condition and sources of fundingrequired for the establishment of a regional distribution network and their ability to develop a network of retail stores in the designated distribution region of a givendistributor before we make any appointment.Once appointed, each distributor must enter into a distribution agreement with us. We do not own any interest in any of our distributors, their subdistributors orthe retail stores they operate. The distribution agreements we typically enter into with distributors do not allow us to be involved in the daily operating, financing orother activities of the distributors, except that distributors need to comply with our brand management policies and pricing and store management guidelines. Keyterms of our standard distribution agreement include:●Product Exclusivity. Our distributors are required to sell only our products at KBS branded retail outlets managed by them or authorized retailers.●Geographic Coverage. Distributors are granted exclusive rights to distribute our products (directly and indirectly through their subdistributors) in theretail stores within the specified geographic area with no overlapping of distributors within our distribution network. However, we retain the right to operatedirect stores anywhere regardless of whether we have appointed distributors there.●Duration. The distribution agreements generally have an initial term of one year and are renewable at our discretion after taking into account factors suchas compliance with our brand management policies and sales performance.●Distributor Pricing. Distributors agree to order our products at a discount from our suggested retail prices. The discounted wholesale prices todistributors are classified into the following three categories: provincial distributor at a discount of 35% of retail price, district distributor is 30% of retailprice and the wholesale distributor is 25% of retail price.●Minimum Purchase Requirement. Each of our distributors is customarily expected to purchase a minimum amount of our products for each trade fair heldbiannually according to their present and expected distribution network. The minimum is typically RMB800,000 (approximately $110,000) for each store.●Payment and Delivery. Normally, we expect distributors to pay us RMB0.5 million (approximately $74,000) to RMB1 million (approximately $148,148) as adeposit upon placing an order. Upon delivery of the orders, we will deduct amounts on deposit from the purchase price. For new and small districtdistributors, we normally require them to pay the balance before the delivery of its products. We may also accept payment on credit terms to the extentrequested by distributors experiencing working capital difficulties or encouraging them to order more. The amount and duration of credit granted to eachdistributor will depend on its financial position and creditworthiness. We handle the arrangements for delivery of our products, but the distributors arenormally expected to bear the related costs and expenses.32Table of Contents●Return of Products. We will only accept product returns from distributors for quality reasons and only if the distributors followed our standard proceduresin processing the returned products. So far, we have not experienced any product returns due to expressed quality reasons.●Retail Pricing. Other than at times when we launch promotional campaigns or adjust our strategies, distributors must adopt, and are required to procuretheir subdistributors to adopt, our suggested retail prices for products. Distributors must obtain our consent before launching any distributor specificspecial offers.●Brand Management. Distributors must comply with our brand management policies and store management guidelines. We may impose penalties, forfeitureof deposit, suspend supply of products and terminate the agreement in the event of any breach of such policies.●Termination. We may generally terminate the distribution agreements and seek indemnification in the event of breach by distributors. In the event of sometypes of breach, we may not terminate the agreement but have other remedies. For example, if a distributor fails to order all products provided for under thedistributorship agreement, we may instead impose forfeiture of deposit or withhold certain benefits.When opening new retail stores, our distributors conduct research on the market potential of the proposed retail sites, after which they will provide us with anapplication for opening a new retail store. In reviewing applications, we consider factors including the store location, store layout, available area, marketopportunities, competitors and estimated sales. We conduct selected onsite investigations to verify applications filed by our distributors. Our retail stores aregenerally located in convenient retail locations in their respective cities and thus benefit from high volumes of pedestrian traffic.Effective monitoring of distributors and their retail stores is critical to our success. We have a team in our marketing, sales and distribution department to monitorour distributors’ and their subdistributors’ performance, who conduct onsite inspections of selected retail stores each quarter without prior notice to ensurecompliance with our store management guidelines. According to the results of our inspections, we, from time to time, make suggestions to our distributors withrespect to the opening or closure of their retail stores. Distributors also need to submit to us their annual/ semiannual plans to estimate their orders for the nextseason and their plan to improve the performance of existing retail stores or expand by opening new retail stores. This reporting system enables us to access uptodate sales projections of our distributors and their subdistributors, which reflects the overall level of retail sales of our products. It also provides us with theexpansion plan of each distributor which helps us prepare our overall development plan in a more accurate manner.We invite our distributors, as well as a select number of their subdistributors and retail store managers, to attend our sales fairs, which are held twice a year. Duringthe sales fairs, we discuss with our distributors and their subdistributors the upcoming product line. Apart from participating in two sales fairs each year, ourdistributors visit us from time to time and contact us as necessary, which allows us to have access to updated market information. We also provide training fordistributors and their subdistributors in the areas of sales techniques, customer service and product knowledge, typically prior to the launch of our new collectionseach year. We believe that these investments help to improve the operations of the sales network and provide additional valueadded services to retain ourdistributors and their subdistributors.The following table lists by region the number of retail stores operated by distributors and subdistributors as of December 31, 2018:LocationAs ofDecember 31,2018Fujian6Guangdong2Guangxi3Jiangsu4Anhui2Chongqing4Tianjin3Hebei4Sichuan4Total3233Table of ContentsPricing PolicyWe sell our products to our distributors at uniform discounts from our suggested retail prices. We have a suggested retail price policy that applies to all our storesto help maintain brand image, ensure consistent pricing levels from region to region and prevent price competition among our distributors. In determining our pricingstrategies, we take into account market supply and demand, production cost and the prices of our competitors’ similar products. Our sales representatives collectand record the retail prices of our products sold by our retailers. We analyze the information collected and engage in discussions with our distributors to ensure thatthey follow our pricing policy. See “Franchised Stores” above.ProductionOriginally located in Shishi City in Fujian Province and started production in 2006, our production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China.The facility currently has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famoussportswear producers. Our production facility was operating at full capacity between 2009 and 2012. In 2014, we produced about 0.39 million units at the operatingcapacity of 19.5%; while in 2015,we produced about 0.48 million units at the operating capacity of 24%. In 2016, we produced about 0.54 million units at the operatingcapacity of 27%.In 2017 and 2018, we produced about 0.30 million and 0.49 million units at the operating capacity of 15% and 25%. Since 2011, we have been negotiating with the local government to acquire land use rights for our current facility consisting of 110,557 square meters. We obtaineda portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square meters and 2,440 square meters in March 2012 and May 2012, respectively, and have finishedthe construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factoryin year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with localresidents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. While we cannot guaranteewhen and whether the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land will be eventually completed, we believe we will be in a better position toschedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Once completed, our total production capacity of the facility isexpected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.All of the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers bear the brand name KBS. As of December 31, 2018, we had 3 ODM contractmanufacturers and 3 OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had 3 and 6 OEM contract manufacturers, respectively. Oursourcing strategy is based upon the quality of fabrics and workmanship that our customers expect from the KBS brand. The costs of our outsourced productionamounted to approximately $8.38 million, $10.94 million and$26.1 million for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, accounting forapproximately 27.3%, 31% and 66.8% of our total cost of sales in the respective periods.As of December 31, 2018, our principal ODM and OEM contract suppliers included the following:No.1Bai Tian Ni (Fujian) Clothing fabric Co. Ltd2Shishi Hua Lai Shi Clothing Co. Ltd3Jinjiang City Hongtawanheng trading Co. Ltd4Fujian Gumaite Clothing Technology Co. Ltd5Shishi Rongpeng Clothing Co. Ltd6Hubei Mingyuan Clothing Co. LtdWe are not materially reliant on any single ODM or OEM contract supplier.34Table of ContentsInventory ManagementWe recognize that controlling the level of inventory is important to our overall operational efficiency and cost control. Based on the purchase orders our distributorsand the department store chains place at our biannual sales fairs, we are able to anticipate the demand for our products in advance and plan ahead for our ownmanufacturing and the orders we will be required to place with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We generally plan purchases of raw materials and placemanufacturing orders with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers immediately after each of our two seasonal sales fairs, usually in May for our autumn andwinter products and in October for our spring and summer products, where we confirm sales orders with our distributors and department store chains. This enablesus and our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to have sufficient time, ranging from two to eight weeks, to produce the products and provide our productssuitable for a specific season to our distributors and department store chains on a justintime basis so as to minimize our inventory levels. The alternative way tocontrol cost is when if we have chance to buy materials which the price is much lower than market price, we will buy it in advance and give to OEM contractmanufactures use our material to produce.Quality ControlProduct quality control is a critical aspect of our business. Our dedicated quality control team performs various quality inspection and testing procedures, includingrandom sample testing at different stages of our production process, to ensure that our products meet or exceed the expectations of our consumers. We also performroutine product inspections on every batch of our products and sample testing to ensure consistent quality of our products, including semifinished and finishedproducts.We have implemented a centralized system for procurement and inspection of raw materials and ancillary components to help ensure a stable and high qualitysupply. Those materials and components that fail to meet our tests may be returned to the suppliers for replacement. Our quality control team also carries out qualitycontrol procedures on the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We conduct onsite inspections of our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers before we enter into business relationships with them. We also send our inhouse quality control staff onsite to our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers to monitor the entire production process. The initial product inspections are performed onsite by our staff before these products are shipped to ourheadquarters for further inspection and storage in our warehouse. We also provide technical training to ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to assist them withquality control of the production processes and inspect preproduction samples and finished products from ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We have notencountered any material disruptions to our business as a result of the failure of any of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to meet our quality standards.In order to further improve the quality of our products and shorten our delivery cycle, we intend to increase our control over the manufacturing process andproduction cycle of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers, primarily by requiring our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to implement stricter and morecomprehensive quality control procedures, which cover each stage of the production process, from raw material selection and procurement to finished productspackaging and delivery. We also intend to apply more stringent standards for inspecting products manufactured for us by our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers.Marketing and AdvertisingWe have conducted multichannel marketing campaigns to advertise our products to our target customers through advertising in newspapers, magazines, theInternet, and billboards, and organizing regular and frequent instore marketing activities and road shows.We have implemented strict requirements on our distributors with respect to the display and promotion of our products to ensure consistent branding and enhancemarketing results. Our distributors are required to ensure that our marketing strategies are implemented at the retail outlets managed or authorized by them, includingdisplaying our products according to our specifications and using our billboard advertisements. We also assign sales representatives to monitor the instoredisplays of our products at various retail outlets on a regular basis to help ensure that our retailers have followed our product display policies.In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 our total advertising and promotional expenses amounted to approximately $1.21 million, $1.59 million and $1.55million, respectively, which accounted for approximately 6.6%, 7.5% and 3.8% of our revenues in the respective periods.35Table of ContentsCompetitionThe menswear industry in China is a fragmented industry. Competition mainly comes from local market players such as Exceed, Xiniya, Zuoan and Cabbeen. Webelieves that we differentiate ourselves by providing more fashionable, youngerlooking and leisure products, and competitive pricing without giving up the casualfeel of our products.We compete primarily on the basis of product design, brand recognition, operational efficiency and a low cost structure. Some of our domestic competitors have astronger customer base, greater resources and more industry expertise than us. However, we believe that we can continue to successfully compete with our localcompetitors due to our unique product designs.Intellectual PropertyWe currently have the licenses to use two registered trademarks in the PRC.The registered trademarks on which we have licenses are the following:TrademarkRegistration No.Valid TermKBS4342760Jan 1, 2019 August 28, 2028Ka bi sports5462336March 14, 2010 March 12,2020We believe that these trademarks provide significant value as they are important for marketing and building brand recognition. We are not aware of any third partycurrently using trademarks similar to our trademarks in the PRC on the same products.InsuranceWe do not have any business liability, interruption or litigation insurance coverage for our operations in China. Insurance companies in China offer limited businessinsurance products. While business interruption insurance is available to a limited extent in China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of suchinsurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance.Therefore, we are subject to business and product liability exposure. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—We have limited insurance coverage inChina and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses.”RegulationBecause our primary operating subsidiaries are located in China, we are subject to China’s national and local laws detailed below. We believe that we are in materialcompliance with all registrations and requirements for the issuance and maintenance of all licenses required by the governing bodies and that all license fees andfilings are current. This section summarizes the major PRC regulations relating to our business.Regulations Relating to Foreign InvestmentInvestment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are mainly governed by the Guidance Catalog of Industries for Foreign Investment (2017 revision), or theCatalog, which was promulgated jointly by MOFCOM and the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, on June 28, 2017 and entered into forceon July 28, 2017. The Catalog divides industries into four categories in terms of foreign investment, which are “encouraged,” “restricted,” and “prohibited,” and allindustries that are not listed under one of these categories are deemed to be “permitted.” Establishment of wholly foreignowned enterprises is generally allowed inencouraged and permitted industries. Some restricted industries are limited to equity or contractual joint ventures, while in some cases Chinese partners are requiredto hold the majority interests in such joint ventures. In addition, foreign investment in restricted category projects is subject to government approvals. Foreigninvestors are not allowed to invest in industries in the prohibited category. Industries not listed in the Catalogue are generally open to foreign investment unlessspecifically restricted by other PRC regulations.36Table of ContentsIn June 2018, MOFCOM and NDRC promulgated the Special Management Measures (Negative List) for the Access of Foreign Investment, or the Negative List,effective July 2018. The Negative List expands the scope of permitted industries by foreign investment by reducing the number of industries that fall within theNegative List where restrictions on the shareholding percentage or requirements on the composition of board or senior management still exists. Foreign investmentin valueadded telecommunications services (except for ecommerce) falls within the Negative List.In October 2016, MOFCOM issued the Interim Measures for Recordfiling Administration of the Establishment and Change of Foreigninvested Enterprises, or FIERecordfiling Interim Measures, most recently amended in July 2017. Pursuant to FIE Recordfiling Interim Measures, the establishment and change of foreigninvested enterprises are subject to recordfiling procedures, instead of prior approval requirements, provided that such establishment or change does not involvespecial entry administration measures. If the establishment or change of foreigninvested enterprises matters involve the special entry administration measures, theapproval of the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterparts is still required.Regulations Relating to Product QualityThe principal legal provisions governing product liability are set forth in the PRC Product Quality Law, which was promulgated in February 1993 by the SCNPC andamended in July 2000 and August 2009.The PRC Product Quality Law stipulates the responsibilities and obligations of product sellers and producers. Violations of the PRC Product Quality Law may resultin the imposition of fines. In addition, the seller or producer may be ordered to suspend its operations, and its business license may be revoked. There may also bePART IPART IIPART III20F 1 f20f2018_kbsfashiongroup.htm FORM 20FUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F(Mark One)☐REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ___________ to ___________OR¨SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report:Commission file number: 00135715KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)Not Applicable(Translation of Registrant’s Name Into English)Republic of the Marshall Islands(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)Xin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of China(Address of Principal Executive Offices)Mr. Keyan Yan, Chief Executive OfficerXin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of ChinaTel: + (86) 595 8889 6198Fax: (86) 595 8850 5328(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of Each ClassName of Each Exchange On Which RegisteredCommon Stock, $0.0001 par valueNASDAQ Capital MarketSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.Units, Common Stock Purchase Warrants(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.None(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report(December 31, 2018): 2,271,299Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐No ☒If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of“large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large Accelerated Filer ☐Accelerated Filer ☐NonAccelerated Filer ☒Emerging Growth Company☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting StandardsCodification after April 5, 2012.Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:U.S. GAAP ☐International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting StandardsBoard ☒Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ☐ Item17 ☐Item 18If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒Annual Report on Form 20FYear Ended December 31, 2018TABLE OF CONTENTSPageITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS2A.Directors and Senior Management2B.Advisors2C.Auditors2ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE2A.Offer Statistics2B.Method and Expected Timetable2ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATION2A.Selected Financial Data2B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY24A.History and Development of the Company24B.Business Overview26C.Organizational Structure42D.Property, Plants and Equipment43ITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS44ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS44A.Principal Factors Affecting Financial Performance45B.Liquidity and Capital Resources50C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.51D.Trend Information51E.Off Balance Sheet Arrangements51F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations52G.Safe Harbor62ITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES63A.Directors and Senior Management63B.Compensation64C.Board Practices65D.Employees66E.Share Ownership66ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS67A.Major Shareholders67B.Related Party Transactions67C.Interests of Experts and Counsel67iTable of ContentsITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATION67A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information67B.Significant Changes68ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTING68A.Offer and Listing Details68B.Plan of Distribution68C.Markets68D.Selling Shareholders68E.Dilution68F.Expenses of the Issue68ITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATION69A.Share Capital69B.Memorandum and Articles of Association69C.Material Contracts71D.Exchange Controls71E.Taxation74F.Dividends and Paying Agents79G.Statement by Experts79H.Documents on Display79I.Subsidiary Information79ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK79ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES80A.Debt Securities80B.Warrants and Rights80C.Other Securities80D.American Depositary Shares80ITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES81ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS81ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES81A.Disclosure Controls and Procedures81B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting81C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm81D.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting82ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT82ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICS82ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES82ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES82ITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS83ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT83ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCE83ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE83ITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 19.EXHIBITS84iiTable of ContentsINTRODUCTORY NOTESUse of Certain Defined TermsExcept as otherwise indicated by the context and for the purposes of this report only, references in this report to:●“KBS,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” are to KBS Fashion Group Ltd., a company organized in the Republic of the Marshall Islands;●““KBS International,” refers to KBS International Holding Inc., a Nevada corporation, which was dissolved in August 2014;●“Hongri PRC,” refers to Hongri (Fujian) Sports Goods Co., Ltd., which is our wholly owned subsidiary organized in the PRC;●“Hongri International” are to Hongri International Holdings Limited, which is our wholly owned subsidiary and a company organized in the BVI;●“BVI” are to the British Virgin Islands;●“Hong Kong” are to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China;●“PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China;●“SEC” are to the Securities and Exchange Commission;●“Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;●“Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;●“Renminbi” and “RMB” are to the legal currency of China; and●“U.S. dollars,” “dollars” and “$” are to the legal currency of the United States.ForwardLooking InformationIn addition to historical information, this report contains forwardlooking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of theExchange Act. We use words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “target,” “plan,” “optimistic,” “intend,” “aim,” “will” or similar expressions whichare intended to identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, among others, those concerning market and industry segment growth and demandand acceptance of new and existing products; any projections of sales, earnings, revenue, margins or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategiesand objectives of management for future operations; and any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, as well as all assumptions,expectations, predictions, intentions or beliefs about future events. You are cautioned that any such forwardlooking statements are not guarantees of futureperformance and involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions, which, if they were to ever materialize or prove incorrect, could cause the results of theCompany to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forwardlooking statements. Potential risks and uncertainties include, among other things, thepossibility that we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues and profits due to our failure to anticipate consumer preferences and develop newmenswear products, our failure to execute our business expansion plan, changes in domestic and foreign laws, regulations and taxes, changes in economicconditions, uncertainties related to China’s legal system and economic, political and social events in China, a general economic downturn, a downturn in thesecurities markets, and other risks and uncertainties which are generally set forth under Item 3 “Key information—D. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and our other filings with the SEC. These reports attempt toadvise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects. The forwardlookingstatements made in this report speak only as of the date hereof and we disclaim any obligation, except as required by law, to provide updates, revisions oramendments to any forwardlooking statements to reflect changes in our expectations or future events.On February 3, 2017, approved by the shareholders, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen (1for15) reverse stock split of the Company’s issued andoutstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided that shareholders are entitled to receive the number ofshares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Stock Market on a splitadjusted basis when themarket opened on February 9, 2017. All references in this report to share and per share data have been adjusted, including historical data which have beenretroactively adjusted, to give effect to the reverse stock split unless specified otherwise.1Table of ContentsPART IITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERSA.Directors and Senior ManagementNot applicable.B.AdvisorsNot applicable.C.AuditorsNot applicable.ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLEA.Offer StatisticsNot applicable.B.Method and Expected TimetableNot applicable.ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATIONA.Selected Financial DataThe following table presents selected financial data regarding our business. It should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and relatednotes contained elsewhere in this annual report and the information under Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” The selected consolidatedstatements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, and the selected consolidated statements of financialposition data as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are included in this annual reportbeginning on page F1. The selected consolidated statements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the selectedconsolidated statements of financial position data as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements thatare not included in this annual report.Our consolidated financial statements were prepared and presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by theInternational Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The selected financial data information is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the historicalconsolidated financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere herein. The financial statements contained elsewhere fully represent our financial conditionand operations; however, they are not indicative of our future performance.2Table of ContentsYears ended December 31,20182017201620152014Statement of Income DataTotal revenue$18,535,116$23,762,536$41,200,205$61,343,681$58,832,481Total cost of sales(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)(46,511,274)(39,416,973)Gross profit(2,316,136)(11,511,816)2,158,27214,832,40719,415,508Distribution and selling expenses(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)(6,621,256)(7,191,606)Administrative expenses(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)2,798,082(4,649,229)Profit for the year(17,968,597)(14,815,596)(11,902,688)1,243,6706,876,982Total comprehensive income for the year(20,040,295)(10,004,880)(18,028,121)(4,801,102)6,526,172Outstanding shares2,299,9151,860,8311,750,1421,694,4891,694,489Earnings per share, basic diluted8.067.966.800.734.06Balance Sheet DataCash and cash equivalents$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,341$21,214,080$20,604,583Noncurrent assets29,837,87540,966,31934,754,94247,221,52952,929,386Current assets31,328,13140,343,38656,343,82362,098,95162,093,570Working capital24,463,44633,060,87748,647,18553,598,85452,704,076Total assets61,166,00681,309,70591,098,765109,310,480115,022,956Current liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,500,0979,389,493Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,503,5069,404,880Equity54,301,32174,027,19683,402,127100,816,974105,618,076B.Capitalization and IndebtednessNot applicable.C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of ProceedsNot applicable.D.Risk FactorsAn investment in our capital stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the otherinformation included in this annual report, before making an investment decision. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial conditionor results of operations could suffer. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.3Table of ContentsRISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSGeneral economic conditions, including a prolonged weakness in the economy, may affect consumer discretionary spending, which could adversely affect ourbusiness and financial performance.The apparel industry has historically been subject to substantial cyclical variations. Our business and financial performance are dependent on a number of factorsimpacting consumer discretionary spending, including general economic and business conditions; consumer confidence; wages and employment levels; thehousing market; consumer debt levels; availability of consumer credit; credit and interest rates; fuel and energy costs; energy shortages; taxes; general politicalconditions, both domestic and abroad. Consumer product purchases, including purchases of our products, may decline during recessionary periods. Our ability toaccess the capital markets may be restricted at a time when we would like, or need, to raise capital, which could impair on our ability to open additional stores orbuild additional manufacturing lines. In addition, as domestic and international economic conditions change, trends in consumer spending on discretionary items,including our merchandise, become unpredictable and subject to reductions due to economic uncertainties. A prolonged economic recovery or an uncertain outlookin the economy could result in additional declines in consumer discretionary spending, which could materially affect our financial performance.A contraction in apparel sales and production could impair our results of operations and liquidity and jeopardize our supply base.Apparel sales and production are cyclical and depend, among other things, on general economic conditions and consumer spending and preferences. As thevolume of apparel production fluctuates, the demand for our products also fluctuates. A contraction in apparel sales could harm our results of operations andliquidity. In addition, our suppliers would also be subject to many of the same consequences which could pressure their results of operations and liquidity.Depending on an individual supplier’s financial condition and access to capital, its viability could be challenged which could impact its ability to perform as weexpect and consequently our ability to meet our own commitments.If we are unable to anticipate consumer preferences and develop new menswear products, we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues andprofits.Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define apparel trends as well as to anticipate, gauge and react to changing consumer demands formenswear in a timely manner. Our target market of consumers comprises urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 with moderatetohigh levels of disposableincome. Our business is particularly sensitive to their fashion preferences, which cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumeracceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, and our future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes. If we failto anticipate accurately and respond to trends and shifts in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing product offerings, developing new products,designs, styles and categories, we could experience lower sales, excess inventories and lower profit margins. In a distressed economic and retail environment, manyof our competitors may engage in aggressive activities, such as markdowns or other promotional sales to dispose of excess, slowmoving inventory, furtherincreasing the need to react appropriately to changing consumer preferences and fashion trends. Failure to do so could adversely affect the level of acceptance ofour products, our brand image and our relationship with our distributors, and therefore have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results ofoperations.The apparel industry is highly competitive, and if we fail to compete effectively, we could lose our market position.The menswear industry is highly competitive in China and worldwide. We compete with various domestic brands with similar business models and target markets.We also compete with a growing number of international brands trying to expand their market share in China to take advantage of rising consumer spending oncasual menswear. Our primary international and domestic competitors include Exceed, Xiniya, Cabbeen, GXG and NQ. Some of our competitors are significantlylarger and have greater financial resources than we do. In order to compete effectively, we must: (1) maintain the image of our brands and our reputation forinnovation and high quality; (2) be flexible and innovative in responding to rapidly changing market demands on the basis of brand image, style, performance andquality; and (3) offer consumers a wide variety of high quality products at competitive prices.4Table of ContentsThe purchasing decisions of consumers are highly subjective and can be influenced by many factors, such as brand image, marketing programs and productfeatures. Some of our competitors enjoy competitive advantages, including greater brand recognition and greater financial resources for competitive activities, suchas sales, marketing and strategic acquisitions. The number of our direct competitors and the intensity of competition may increase as we expand into other productlines or as other companies expand into our product lines. Our competitors may enter into business combinations or alliances that strengthen their competitivepositions or prevent us from taking advantage of such combinations or alliances. Our competitors also may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than wecan to new or changing opportunities, standards or consumer preferences. Our results of operations and market position may be adversely impacted by ourcompetitors and the competitive pressures in the menswear industries.Failure to effectively promote or develop our brand could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.We sell all our products under the KBS brand, from which we derive most of our revenues. Brand image is an important factor that affects a customer’s purchasingdecision for menswear products. Our success therefore depends on, among other things, market recognition and acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture,lifestyle, and images associated with the brand, some of which may not be within our control. We have limited control over our distributors that we rely upon to sellour products, which may limit our ability to ensure a consistent brand image. See “Risks Factors Related to Our Business –We have limited control over the ultimateretail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhere to, or fail to cause the third party retail outletoperators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.” We began designing, promoting, and selling KBS branded products in China in 2006. To effectivelypromote KBS brand, we need build and maintain the brand image by focusing on a variety of promotional and marketing activities to promote brand awareness, aswell as to increase its presence in the markets in which we compete. There is no assurance that we will be able to effectively promote or develop KBS brand, and ifwe fail to do so, the goodwill of KBS brand may be undermined and our business as well as our financial results may be adversely affected. In addition, negativepublicity or disputes regarding KBS brand, products, company, or management could materially and adversely affect public perception of KBS brand. Any impact onour ability to continue to sell KBS brand or any significant damage to KBS brand’s image could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends on the continued service of our senior executives and other key employees. In particular, we rely on the expertise, experience,and business contacts, of Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ms. Lixia Tu, our Director and Chief Financial Officer and Mr. ThemisKalapotharakos, our director. If one or more of our senior executives are unable or unwilling to continue to work for us in their present positions, we may have tospend a considerable amount of time and resources searching, recruiting, and integrating the replacements into our operations, which would substantially divertmanagement’s attention from and severely disrupt the Company business. This may also adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategy. Moreover, ifany of our senior executives joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, suppliers and key employees.Failure to execute our business expansion plan could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.A large part of our initial growth resulted from an increase in the number of our retail sales outlets, including corporate and franchised stores, and the increased salesvolume and profitability provided by these sales outlets. The number of our sales outlets increased from 8 in 2006 to 33 in year 2018.5Table of ContentsWe have our factory located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China, consisting of an aggregate of 110,457 square meters of land. Currently the facility there has aproduction capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year and can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces original equipmentmanufacturer (OEM) products for online stores, regional apparel brands and overseas orders. The construction commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases:Phase 1 consists of the construction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We havecompleted the construction of facilities of Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Phase 3 construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has beendelayed because the local government needs additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Because the time forthe government to resolve this matter is uncertain, we wrote off the land use right of the third parcel of land from account balance, according to the internationalframework reporting standard. Phase 4 includes building production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quartersand living facilities on the third parcel of land. As a result, our commitments to this facility may reduce our liquidity for an indefinite period and until it is completed.We could also indefinitely lose opportunities to expand our sales due to any further delay of our construction.The decision to increase our production capacity was based in part on our projections of market demand for our products and OEM orders from other brand nameowners. If actual customer demand does not meet our projections, we will likely suffer overcapacity problems and may have to leave capacity idle or need to contractout our facilities at an unfavorable price, which may reduce our overall profitability and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our futuresuccess depends on our ability to expand the Company’s business to address growth in demand for our current and future products.Our ability to expand the Company’s business is subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including:●the unavailability of additional funding to invest more in brand recognition such as advertisement, expand our production capacity, purchase additionalfixed assets and purchase raw materials on favorable terms or at all;●our inability to manage an online shop, hire qualified personnel and establish distribution methods;●conditions in the commercial real estate market existing at the time we seek to expand;●delays and cost overruns as a result of a number of factors, many of which may be beyond our control, such as problems with equipment vendors andcontract manufacturers;●failure to maintain high quality control standards;●shortage of raw materials;●our inability to obtain, or delays in obtaining, required approvals by relevant government authorities;●diversion of significant management attention and other resources; and●failure to execute our expansion plan effectively.The expansion of our business may place significant strain on our personnel, management, financial systems and operational infrastructure and may impede ourability to meet any increased demand for our products. To accommodate the Company’s growth, we will need to implement a variety of new and upgradedoperational and financial systems, procedures, and controls, including improvements to our accounting and other internal management systems, by dedicatingadditional resources to our reporting and accounting function and improvements to our record keeping and contract tracking system. We will also need to recruitmore personnel and train and manage our growing employee base. Furthermore, we will need to maintain and expand relationships with our current and futurecustomers, suppliers, distributors and other third parties, and there is no guarantee that we will succeed.In the future, we also intend to invest more resources to research and purchase online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that we will have betteropportunities to expand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores. In addition, we will keep on exploring other areas and business models, such as theuse of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends.If we encounter any of the risks described above or if we are otherwise unable to establish or successfully operate online shops or additional production capacity,we may be unable to grow our business and revenues, reduce our operating costs, maintain our competitiveness or improve our profitability and, consequently, ourbusiness, financial condition, results of operations and prospects will be adversely affected.6Table of ContentsIf we are unable to fund capital expenditures or obtain additional sources of liquidity when we need it, our business may be adversely affected. In addition, ifwe obtain equity financing, the issuance of our equity securities could cause dilution for our stockholders. To the extent we obtain the financing through theissuance of debt securities, our debt service obligations could increase, and we may become subject to restrictive operating and financial covenants.We anticipate that we will make substantial capital investments to expand our business within the next 3 years. There is no assurance that we will have sufficientcash to fund our anticipated capital expenditures. If we need but are unable to obtain adequate financing with on terms favorable to us, we may be unable tosuccessfully maintain our operations and accomplish our growth strategy. In addition, we may be unable to generate sufficient cash internally or obtain alternativesources of capital to fund our proposed capital expenditures, take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures. As a result, we mayseek to sell additional equity securities, debt securities, or borrow from lending institutions. Any issuance of equity securities could cause dilution for ourstockholders. Any incurrence of indebtedness could increase our debt service obligations and cause us to be subject to restrictive operating and financecovenants. Our ability to obtain external financing in the future is also subject to a number of uncertainties, including:●Our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;●general market conditions for financing activities by companies in our industry;●economic, political and other conditions in China and elsewhere; and●uncertain economic prospect and tightened credit markets resulting from the recent global economic slowdown and financial market crisis.If we are unable to obtain funding in a timely manner or on commercially acceptable terms, or at all, our growth prospects and future profitability may be materiallyadversely affected. Adverse changes in the capital markets could make it difficult to obtain capital or obtain it at attractive rates.Our past results may not be indicative of our future performance and evaluating our business and prospects may be difficult.Our business has gone through various stages of the business life cycle in recent years as demonstrated by our growth in net sales, which reached $99.6 million forthe year ended December 31, 2013, while in 2014 our net sales decreased by 40% to $58.8 million and in year 2015 net sales went up slightly by 4.3% to $61.3 million,our net sales decreased by 32.8% to $41.2 million in 2016, net sales decreased 42% to $23.8 million in 2017 and net sales further decreased 22% to $18.53 million in2018. The decrease in sales in 2016, 2017 and 2018 as compared with 2013 was mainly due to the slowdown of the Chinese economic growth and a challenging retailenvironment. As a result, we cannot assure that we will be able to achieve similar growth in future periods as recent years before 2014, and our historical operatingresults may not provide a meaningful basis for evaluating our business, financial performance and prospects. Moreover, our ability to achieve satisfactoryproduction results at higher volumes is unproven. Therefore, you should not rely on our past results or our historical rate of growth as an indication of our futureperformance.We experience fluctuations in operating results.Our annual and quarterly operating results have fluctuated, and are expected to continue to fluctuate. Among the factors that may cause our operating results tofluctuate are customers’ response to merchandise offerings, the timing of the rollout of new sales outlets, seasonal variations in sales, the timing of merchandisereceipts, the level of merchandise returns, changes in merchandise mix and presentation, our cost of merchandise, unanticipated operating costs, and other factorsbeyond our control, such as general economic conditions and actions of competitors.We have historically experienced seasonal fluctuations in our sales. A substantial portion of our revenues are typically earned during the second and fourthquarters and we generally experience lowest revenues during the first and third quarters. If sales during the second and fourth quarters are lower than expected, ouroperating results would be adversely affected, and it would have a disproportionately large impact on our annual operating results. The sales of our products arealso affected by local spending behavior, which are typically affected by seasonal shopping patterns during major Chinese holidays.7Table of ContentsAs a result of these factors, we believe that periodtoperiod comparisons of historical and future results will not necessarily be meaningful and should not be reliedon as an indication of future performance.Our failure to collect the trade receivables or untimely collection could affect our liquidity.Our distributors place advance purchase orders twice a year. From 2015 to 2018, we typically expect and receive payment within 30180 days of product delivery. Inaddition, approximately 83.2% of accounts receivables are within a 180 days credit term. Starting in September 2015, we extended credit to some of our customers to150180 days without requiring collaterals. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of the financial condition of our customers and we generally require no collateralfrom our distributors and authorized retailers to secure their payment obligations. However, our sales going forward may rely more heavily on credit, and if weencounter future problems collecting amounts due from our clients or if we experience delays in the collection of amounts due from our clients, our liquidity could benegatively affected.The Chinese economy experienced a softening of economic growth, and the apparel industry is also facing a downturn. The impact of the current and possiblefuture economic downturn on our distributors cannot be predicted and may be severe, causing a significant impact on their business. As a result, our financialcondition and result of operations could be negatively affected. In addition, if they cannot continue their orders of our products due to the failure of paying us forits previous purchases, our brand image and reputation may be materially negatively affected as well.We rely on distributors for a substantial portion of our sales and the loss of any of our large distributors would harm our business. A substantial portion of our sales are made to distributors that resell our products. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, distributors accounted forapproximately 67% and 73% of our total sales, respectively, and our top five distributors accounted for approximately 23.8% and 34.8% of our total sales,respectively. The marketing efforts of our distributors are critical for our success. If we fail to attract additional distributors, and our existing distributors do notpromote our products at the same or at a greater level than the products of our competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could beadversely affected.Furthermore, there is no assurance that any of our distributors will satisfy the sales targets set forth in their distribution agreements and we or they may not wish torenew the distribution agreements in future years. Moreover, our distributors are not obliged to continue to place orders with the Company at the same level asbefore or at all and there is no assurance that we would be able to obtain orders from other distributors to replace any such lost sales on terms satisfactory to us orall. If any of our largest distributors substantially reduces its purchases from us, or otherwise fails to renew its distribution agreement with us, we may suffer asignificant loss of sales and our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We have limited control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhereto, or fail to cause the third party retail outlet operators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.We rely on the contractual obligations set forth in the distribution agreements that we enter into with our distributors, as well as policies and standards we formulatefrom time to time, to impose our retail policies on these distributors in respect of the franchisee retail outlets. In addition, as we do not enter into any agreementswith the third party retail outlet operators, we rely on our distributors to ensure that these franchisee retail outlets operate in accordance with our retail policies. Assuch, our control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and the franchisee retail outlet operators is limited. There is no assurance that our distributors orthe third party franchisee retail outlet operators will comply with, or that the distributors will enforce, our retail policies. As a result, we may not be able to effectivelymanage our sales network or maintain a uniform brand image, and cannot assure you that franchisee retail outlets would continue to offer quality services toconsumers.8Table of ContentsIn addition, if any of the distributors or third party franchisee retail outlet operators experiences difficulties in selling our products in the retail market, they mayattempt to disregard our pricing policies and liquidate their excessive inventory buildup through aggressive discounts, which may damage the image and the valueof our brand. There is no assurance that we will be able to, in a timely manner, impose penalties on or replace any distributors who consistently fail to comply with,or fail to cause the third party franchisee retail outlet operators appointed by them to comply with, our retail policies in their operation of franchisee retail outlets. Insuch event, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We may not be able to accurately track the inventory levels at our distributors, retailers or department store concessions.Our ability to track the sales by our distributors to thirdparty retailers and the ultimate retail sales by the retailers, and consequently their respective inventorylevels, is limited. We implement a policy to require our distributors to provide us with their sales reports on a weekly basis and we carry out random onsiteinspections of our distributors to track their inventories. The purpose of tracking the inventory level is mainly to gather information regarding the market acceptanceof our products so that we can reflect consumers’ preferences in the design and development of our products for the next season. The tracking of inventory levelalso helps us to understand the market recognition of our products in a particular region, and thus allows us to adjust our marketing strategy if necessary. Theimplementation of the policy, however, requires the distributors to accurately report the relevant data to us in a timely manner, which is largely dependent on thecooperation of the Company’s distributors. We may not always obtain the required data in time and the data provided to us by our distributors may be inaccurate orincomplete.Inaccurate, mistaken, incomplete or delayed data regarding inventory levels may mislead the Company to make wrong business judgments for its production,marketing efforts and sales strategies. If that happens, our operations and financial results may be materially adversely affected. In addition, if we cannot manageinventory levels properly, future orders of our products may be reduced, which would materially adversely affect our future business, financial condition, results ofoperation and prospects.Our operations could be materially adversely affected if we fail to effectively manage our relationships with, or lose the services of, our OEM contractmanufacturers.The production of our brand name products are 100% outsourced to PRCbased thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2018 and2017 we had 5 and 6 contract manufacturers, respectively. Purchases from our top five OEM contract manufacturers accounted for approximately 92% and 88.6% ofour total purchases for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As we do not enter into longterm contracts with our OEM contractmanufacturers, they may decide not to accept our future OEM orders on the same or similar terms, or at all. If an OEM contract manufacturer decides to substantiallyreduce its volume of supply to us or to terminate its business relationship with us, we may not be able to find a proper replacement in a timely manner and may beforced to default on the agreements with our distributors that sell our products. This may negatively impact our revenues and adversely affect our reputation andrelationships with our distributors that sell our products, causing a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.Further, if any of our OEM contract manufacturers fails to provide the required number of products meeting our quality standards, we may have to delay delivery ofproducts to our distributors, become unable to supply products at all, or even recall products previously dispatched. This could cause the Company to loserevenues or market share and damage our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operationsand prospects. In addition, some OEM contract manufacturers may not fully comply with certain laws, such as labor and environmental laws. If any of our OEMcontract manufacturers is found to have violated laws and regulations in the PRC, media reports on such violations may negatively affect our reputation and image,resulting in material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.9Table of ContentsWhile we provide the designs of our products to the OEM contract manufacturers, as well as guidance for manufacturing the products ordered by us, we do nothave direct control over the OEM contract manufacturers. If any of them is involved in unauthorized production and sale of goods using the KBS brand, ourreputation, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.As the Company grows, our reliance on OEM contract manufacturers may also grow as our added production capacity may not be sufficient to keep pace with theincreased production requirements driven by our growth. We may not be able to find sufficient additional OEM contract manufacturers to produce our products onthe same or similar terms as our existing OEM contract manufacturers, and we may not be able to achieve our growth and development goals.Any interruption in our operations could impair our financial performance and negatively affect our brand. Our operations are complicated and integrated, involving the coordination of thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers and external distribution processes. Whilethese operations are modified on a regular basis in an effort to improve outsourcing and distribution efficiency and flexibility, we may experience difficulties incoordinating the various aspects of our operations processes, thereby causing downtime and delays. In addition, we may encounter interruption in our operationsprocesses due to a catastrophic loss or events beyond our control, such as fires, explosions, labor disturbances or violent weather conditions. Any interruptions inour operations or capabilities at our facilities could result in our inability to procure our products, which would reduce our net sales and earnings for the affectedperiod. If there are delays in delivery times to our customers, our business and reputation could be severely affected. Any significant delays in deliveries to ourcustomers could lead to increased returns or cancellations and cause the Company to lose future sales. The Company currently does not have business interruptioninsurance to offset these potential losses, delays and risks so a material interruption of our business operations could severely damage our business.We rely heavily on our management information system for inventory management, distribution and other functions. If our system fail to perform thesefunctions adequately or if we experience an interruption in our operation, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. The efficient operation of our business is dependent on our management information systems. We rely heavily on our management information systems to manageour order entry, order fulfillment, pricing, pointofsale and inventory replenishment processes. We cannot assure you that our management information system will operate properly or without interruption. Any malfunction to any part or all of our managementinformation system for a prolonged period may cause delays in operations or impairment of our overall business efficiency. We also cannot ensure that the level ofsecurity currently maintained will be sufficient to protect the system from third party intrusions, viruses, lost or stolen data, or similar situations. Additionally, aspart of our growth and development strategy over the next few years, we plan to upgrade and improve our management information system. We cannot assure youthat there will be no interruptions to our management information system during the upgrades or that the new management information system will be able tointegrate fully with the existing information system. The failure of our management information system to perform as we anticipate could disrupt our business and could result in decreased revenue, increased overheadcosts and excess or outofstock inventory levels, causing our business and results of operations to suffer materially. Failure to protect the integrity, security and use of our customers’ information and media could expose us to litigation and materially damage our standingwith our customers. Increasing costs associated with information security — such as increased investment in technology, the costs of compliance with consumer protection laws andcosts resulting from consumer fraud — could cause our business and results of operations to suffer materially. While we have taken significant steps to protectcustomer and confidential information, including entering into confidentiality agreements with relevant employees and incorporate confidentiality clauses in ourpolicies, there can be no assurance that advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments will prevent thecompromise of our customer transaction processing capabilities and personal data. If any such compromise of our security were to occur, it could have a materialadverse effect on our reputation, operating results and financial condition. Any such compromise may materially increase the costs we incur to protect against suchinformation security breaches and could subject us to additional legal risk. Procurement specialists and managers are required to sign a confidentiality agreement. 10Table of ContentsWe have limited insurance coverage in China and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses. Operation of our facilities involves many risks, including equipment failures, natural disasters, industrial accidents, power outages, labor disturbances and otherbusiness interruptions. We do not carry any business interruption insurance, product recall or thirdparty liability insurance for our production facilities or withrespect to our products to cover claims pertaining to personal injury or property or environmental damage arising from defects in our products, product recalls,accidents on our property or damage relating to our operations. While business interruption insurance and other types of insurance are available to a limited extentin China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of such insurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commerciallyreasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Therefore, our existing insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all risks associatedwith our business. As a result, we may be required to pay for financial and other losses, damages and liabilities, including those caused by natural disasters andother events beyond our control, out of our own funds, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our inability to protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights may prevent us from successfully marketing our products and competingeffectively. We believe our trademarks and other intellectual property rights are important to our success and competitive position and recognize the importance of registeringthe trademarks related to our KBS brand for protection against infringement. We currently hold two registered trademarks. Failure to protect our intellectual propertycould harm our brand and our reputation, and adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. Further, enforcing or defending our intellectual property rights,including our trademarks, patents, copyrights and trade secrets, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. We produce, marketand sell our products under registered trademarks. We regard our intellectual property, particularly our trademarks and trade secrets to be of considerable value andimportance to our business and our success. We rely on a combination of trademark, patent, and trade secrecy laws, and contractual provisions to protect ourintellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect these proprietary rights will be adequate or that third parties will notinfringe or misappropriate our trademarks, trade secrets or similar proprietary rights. In addition, there can be no assurance that other parties will not assertinfringement claims against us, and we may have to pursue litigation against other parties to assert our rights. Any such claim or litigation could be costly, and wemay lack the resources required to defend against such claims. In addition, any event that would jeopardize our proprietary rights or any claims of infringement bythird parties could have a material adverse effect on our ability to market or sell our brands, and profitably exploit our products.Environmental regulations impose substantial costs and limitations on our operations. We use chemicals and produce significant emissions in our manufacturing operations. As such, we are subject to various national and local environmental laws andregulations in China concerning issues such as air emissions, wastewater discharges, and solid waste management and disposal. These laws and regulations canrestrict or limit our operations and expose us to liability and penalties for noncompliance. While we believe that our facilities are in material compliance with allapplicable environmental laws and regulations, the risks of substantial unanticipated costs and liabilities related to compliance with these laws and regulations arean inherent part of our business. It is possible that future conditions may develop, arise or be discovered that create new environmental compliance or remediationliabilities and costs. While we believe that we can comply with existing environmental legislation and regulatory requirements and that the costs of compliance havebeen included within budgeted cost estimates, compliance may prove to be more limiting and costly than anticipated.We may be unable to establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, and, as a result, we may be unable to accuratelyreport our financial results or prevent fraud.We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities law. The SEC as required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (“SOX 404”), adoptedrules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal control over financial reporting in its annual report, which mustalso contain management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, the independent registered publicaccounting firm auditing the financial statements of a company that is not a nonaccelerated filer under Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act must also attest to theoperating effectiveness of the company’s internal controls.11Table of ContentsFailure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could result in our inability to accurately report our financial results, prevent or detect fraudor provide timely and reliable financial and other information pursuant to the reporting obligations we have as a public company, which could have a materialadverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, it could cause our investors to lose confidence in the information we report,which could adversely affect our stock price.RISKS RELATED TO DOING BUSINESS IN CHINAOur business operation may be affected if we are forced to relocate our manufacturing facilities and stores.We leased the premises for our office located in Shishi and one corporate store. However, none of our lease agreements have been registered with the relevantgovernmental agencies. According to our PRC legal counsel, without registration, our rights to use and occupy the premises may not be secured if any third partiessuch as other tenants who have registered their lease agreements challenge us under PRC law. Moreover, while we have taken various measures to verify theownership of property such as checking utility bills and search government records, most of our landlords have declined to confirm whether they possess theproperty ownership certificates and land use rights certificates for our properties. As a result, we have been unable to verify whether third parties may assert theirownership rights under PRC law against most of our landlords or challenge most of our leases in the future. If our rights to use the premises are challenged, we maybe forced to relocate to other premises. We may not be able to relocate to a suitable premise promptly or lease alternative premises on terms at least as favorable asour existing ones. In addition, relocation costs and interruption of production may have a material adverse effect on our business operation and financialperformance.Changes in the economic and political policies of the PRC government could have a material and adverse effect on our business and operations.We conduct substantially all our business operations in China. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are significantly dependenton economic and political developments in China. China’s economy differs from the economies of developed countries in many aspects, including the level ofdevelopment, growth rate and degree of government control over foreign exchange and allocation of resources. While China’s economy has experienced significantgrowth in the past 30 years, the growth has been uneven across different regions and periods and among various economic sectors in China. We cannot assure youthat China’s economy will continue to grow, or that if there is growth, such growth will be steady and uniform, or that if there is a slowdown, such slowdown will nothave a negative effect on its business and results of operations.The PRC government exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, control over payment of foreign currencydenominated obligations, implementation of monetary policy, and preferential treatment of particular industries or companies. Certain measures adopted by the PRCgovernment may restrict loans to certain industries, such as changes in the statutory deposit reserve ratio and lending guidelines for commercial banks by thePeople’s Bank of China, or PBOC. These current and future government actions could materially affect our liquidity, access to capital, and ability to operate ourbusiness.The global financial markets experienced significant disruptions in 2008 and the United States, Europe and other economies went into recession. Since 2012, growthof the Chinese economy has slowed. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources.Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy but may also have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operation could bematerially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, any stimulusmeasures designed to boost the Chinese economy, may contribute to higher inflation, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.See “Risks Related to Doing Business in China Future inflation in China may inhibit our ability to conduct business in China.”12Table of ContentsUncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the legal protections available to you and us.We conduct substantially all of our business through our operating subsidiaries in the PRC. Our operating subsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulationsapplicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws applicable to foreigninvested enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes, andprior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, a series of new PRC laws and regulations have significantlyenhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, since the PRC legal system continues to evolve rapidly, theinterpretations of many laws, regulations, and rules are not always uniform, and enforcement of these laws, regulations, and rules involve uncertainties, which maylimit legal protections available to you and us. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources andmanagement attention. In addition, most of our executive officers and directors are residents of China and not of the United States, and substantially all the assets ofthese persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it could be difficult for investors to affect service of process in the United States or to enforce ajudgment obtained in the United States against our Chinese operations and subsidiaries.You may have difficulty enforcing judgments against us.Most of our assets are located outside of the United States and most of our current operations are conducted in the PRC. In addition, most of our directors andofficers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons is located outside the UnitedStates. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce inU.S. courts judgments on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, most of whom are not residents inthe United States and the substantial majority of whose assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts ofthe PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts. Our counsel as to PRC law has advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgmentsare provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. Courts in China may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRCCivil Procedures Law based on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have anytreaties or other arrangements that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments with the United States. In addition, according to thePRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violatesbasic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security, or the public interest. So, it is uncertain whether a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by acourt in the United States.The PRC government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities.The PRC government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and stateownership. Our ability to operate in China may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, import and export tariffs,environmental regulations, land use rights, property, and other matters. We believe that our operations in China are in material compliance with all applicable legaland regulatory requirements. However, the central or local governments of the jurisdictions in which we operate may impose new, stricter regulations orinterpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations orinterpretations.Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision not to continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more centrally plannedeconomy or regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant effect on economic conditions in China or particularregions thereof and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then hold in Chinese properties or joint venturesRestrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our sales effectively. The majority of our sales will be settled in RMB and U.S. dollars, and any future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit our ability to use revenue generated inRMB to fund any future business activities outside China or to make dividend or other payments in U.S. dollars. Although the Chinese government introducedregulations in 1996 to allow greater convertibility of the RMB for current account transactions, significant restrictions still remain, including primarily the restrictionthat foreigninvested enterprises may only buy, sell or remit foreign currencies after providing valid commercial documents, at those banks in China authorized toconduct foreign exchange business. In addition, conversion of RMB for capital account items, including direct investment and loans, is subject to governmentalapproval in China, and companies are required to open and maintain separate foreign exchange accounts for capital account items. We cannot be certain that theChinese regulatory authorities will not impose more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of the RMB in the future.13Table of ContentsFluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.The value of our securities will be indirectly affected by the foreign exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and RMB and between those currencies and othercurrencies in which our sales may be denominated. Appreciation or depreciation in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial resultsreported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations. Fluctuations in the exchange rate will alsoaffect the relative value of any dividend we issue that will be exchanged into U.S. dollars, as well as earnings from, and the value of, any U.S. dollardenominatedinvestments we make in the future.Since July 2005, the RMB has no longer been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Since then the RMB has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly andunpredictably, and in recent years the RMB has depreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progresstowards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate systemand there is no guarantee that the RMB will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how marketforces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future.Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedgingtransactions. While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited, and we may not beable to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition, our foreign currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrictour ability to convert RMB into foreign currencies. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends and other distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you, and otherwise fund and conduct our business. Substantially all of our sales are earned by our PRC subsidiaries. However, PRC regulations restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make dividends and otherpayments to their offshore parent companies. PRC legal restrictions permit payments of dividends by our PRC subsidiaries only out of their accumulated aftertaxprofits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are also required under PRC laws and regulations toallocate at least 10% of their annual aftertax profits determined in accordance with PRC GAAP to a statutory general reserve fund until the amounts in said fundreaches 50% of their registered capital. Allocations to these statutory reserve funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not transferable to us in the formof loans, advances, or cash dividends. Any limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to transfer funds to us could materially and adversely limit our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends and otherwise fund and conduct our business.PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary toliability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital ordistribute profits.SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing andRoundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as “SAFECircular 75” promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of the SAFE in connection with theirdirect establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets orequity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a “special purpose vehicle.” SAFE Circular 37 furtherrequires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capitalcontributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in aspecial purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profitdistributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent crossborder foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted inits ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described abovecould result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for theForeign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015 by SAFE, local banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration foroverseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under SAFE Circular 37 from June 1, 2015.14Table of ContentsAccording to SAFE Circular 37, our shareholders or beneficial owners, who are PRC residents, are subject to SAFE Circular 37 or other foreign exchangeadministrative regulations in respect of their investment in our company. We have notified substantial beneficial owners of ordinary shares who we know are PRCresidents of their filing obligations. Nevertheless, we may not be aware of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. We do not havecontrol over our beneficial owners and there can be no assurance that all of our PRCresident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE Circular 37 and subsequentimplementation rules, and there is no assurance that the registration under SAFE Circular 37 and any amendment will be completed in a timely manner, or will becompleted at all. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their foreign exchange registrations in a timely manner pursuant toSAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with theregistration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to fines andlegal sanctions. Such failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiary and limitour PRC subsidiary’s ability to distribute dividends to our company. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and resultsof operations.Furthermore, SAFE Circular 37 is unclear how this regulation, and any future regulation concerning offshore or crossborder transactions, will be interpreted,amended and implemented by the relevant PRC government authorities, and we cannot predict how these regulations will affect our business operations or futurestrategy. Failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRCsubsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to us. These risks could in the future have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results ofoperations.We may be unable to complete a business combination transaction efficiently or on favorable terms due to complicated merger and acquisition regulationswhich became effective on September 8, 2006.On August 9, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the China Securities Regulatory Commission, promulgated the Regulation on Mergers and Acquisitionsof Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006, and was subsequently amended in 2009. This regulation, among otherthings, governs the approval process of a PRC company’s participation in an acquisition of assets or equity interests. Depending on the structure of the transaction,the regulation requires the PRC parties to make a series of applications and supplemental applications to the government agencies for approval of acquisition ofassets or equity interests from other entity. In some instances, the application process may require a presentation of economic data concerning the transaction,including appraisals of the target business and evaluations of the acquirer, which are designed to allow the government to assess viability of the transaction.Government approvals will have expiration dates, by which a transaction must be completed and reported to the government agencies. Compliance with theregulation is likely to be more time consuming and expensive than it was in the past, and provides the government more controls over business combination of twoenterprises. As a result, our ability to engage in business combination transactions has become significantly more complicated, time consuming, and expensive. Wemay not be able to negotiate a transaction that is acceptable to our stockholders or sufficiently protect their interests in a transaction.The regulation allows PRC governmental agencies to assess the economic terms of a business combination transaction. Parties to a business combinationtransaction may have to submit to MOFCOM and other relevant government agencies an appraisal report, an evaluation report, and the acquisition agreement, all ofwhich were a part of the application for approval, depending on the structure of the transaction. The regulation also prohibits a transaction with an acquisition priceobviously lower than the appraised value of the PRC business or assets and in certain transaction structures, and requires consideration being paid within a definedperiod, generally not in excess of a year. The regulation also limits our ability to negotiate various terms of the acquisition, including the initial consideration,contingent consideration, holdback provisions, indemnification provisions, and provisions related to the assumption and allocation of assets and liabilities.Transaction structures involving trusts, nominees and similar entities are prohibited. Therefore, such regulation may impede our ability to negotiate and complete abusiness combination transaction on financial terms that satisfy our investors and protect our stockholders’ economic interests.15Table of ContentsPRC regulation of loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion mayrestrict or prevent us from using the proceeds of our future financings to make loans to our PRC subsidiaries, or to make additional capital contributions toour PRC subsidiary.We, as an offshore holding company, are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC subsidiary, which are treated as foreigninvestedenterprises under PRC laws, through loans or capital contributions. However, loans by us to any PRC subsidiary to finance its activities cannot exceed statutorylimits and must be registered with the local counterpart of SAFE and capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary are subject to the requirement of making necessaryfilings in the Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System, and registration with other governmental authorities in China.SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital ofForeigninvested Enterprises, or Circular 19, effective on June 1, 2015, in replacement of the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvementof the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign Invested Enterprises, or Circular 142, the Notice from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Exchange Businesses, or Circular 59, and theCircular on Further Clarification and Regulation of the Issues Concerning the Administration of Certain Capital Account Foreign Exchange Businesses, orCircular 45. According to Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of a foreigninvestedcompany is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans, the repayment of interenterprise loans or the repayment ofbank loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of aforeign invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within the PRC, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFEwill permit such capital to be used for equity investments in the PRC in actual practice. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, whichreiterates some of the rules set forth in Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registeredcapital of a foreigninvested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to grant loans to nonassociated enterprises.Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. Circular 19 and Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer anyforeign currency we hold, including the net proceeds from our future financings, to our PRC subsidiary, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability tofund and expand our business in the PRC.Due to the restrictions imposed on loans in foreign currencies extended to any PRC domestic companies, we are not likely to make such loans to any of our PRCsubsidiaries. Meanwhile, we are not likely to finance the activities of our subsidiaries by means of capital contributions given the restrictions on foreign investmentin the businesses that are currently conducted by our subsidiaries.In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannotassure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, withrespect to future loans to our PRC subsidiary or any consolidated variable interest entity or future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiary. As a result,uncertainties exist as to our ability to provide prompt financial support to our PRC subsidiaries when needed. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain suchapprovals, our ability to use foreign currency, including the proceeds we received from our future financings, and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operationsmay be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.16Table of ContentsAny failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal oradministrative sanctions.Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas nonpubliclylisted companies may submit applications to SAFE orits local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. In the meantime, our directors, executive officers andother employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year, subject to limitedexceptions, and who have been granted restricted shares, options or restricted share units, or RSUs, by us or our overseas listed subsidiaries may follow the Noticeon Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company,issued by SAFE in February 2012, to apply for the foreign exchange registration. According to those regulations, employees, directors and other managementmembers participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC citizens residing in China for acontinuous period of not less than one year, subject to limited exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which may be aPRC subsidiary of the overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines andlegal sanctions and may also limit their ability to make payment under the relevant equity incentive plans or receive dividends or sales proceeds related thereto inforeign currencies, or our ability to contribute additional capital into our domestic subsidiaries in China and limit our domestic subsidiaries’ ability to distributedividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties under PRC law that could restrict our ability or the ability of our overseas listed subsidiaries to adoptadditional equity incentive plans for our directors and employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period ofnot less than one year, subject to limited exceptions.In addition, the State Administration of Taxation has issued circulars concerning employee share options, restricted shares or RSUs. Under these circulars,employees working in the PRC who exercise share options, or whose restricted shares or RSUs vest, will be subject to PRC individual income tax. The PRCsubsidiaries of an overseas listed company have obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authoritiesand to withhold individual income taxes of those employees related to their share options, restricted shares or RSUs. If the employees fail to pay, or the PRCsubsidiaries fail to withhold, their income taxes according to relevant laws, rules and regulations, the PRC subsidiaries may face sanctions imposed by the taxauthorities.Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a “resident enterprise” of China. Such classification will likely result in unfavorable taxconsequences to us and our nonPRC shareholders.On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress of China passed a new Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law. On November 28, 2007, the State Council ofChina passed its implementing rules, which took effect on January 1, 2008. Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto managementbodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise,” meaning that it can be treated in a manner similar to a Chinese enterprise for enterprise income taxpurposes. The implementing rules of the EIT Law define de facto management as “substantial and overall management and control over the production andoperations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise.On April 22, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice Concerning Relevant Issues Regarding Cognizance of Chinese Investment ControlledEnterprises Incorporated Offshore as Resident Enterprises. According to the Criteria of de facto Management Bodies, or the Notice, further interprets the applicationof the EIT Law and its implementation nonChinese enterprise or group controlled offshore entities. Pursuant to the Notice, an enterprise incorporated in an offshorejurisdiction and controlled by a Chinese enterprise or group will be classified as a “nondomestically incorporated resident enterprise” if (i) its senior management incharge of daily operations reside or perform their duties mainly in China; (ii) its financial or personnel decisions are made or approved by bodies or persons in China;(iii) its substantial assets and properties, accounting books, corporate chops, board and shareholder minutes are kept in China; and (iv) at least half of its directorswith voting rights or senior management often resident in China. A resident enterprise would be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on its worldwideincome and must pay a withholding tax at a rate of 10%, when paying dividends to its nonPRC shareholders. However, it remains unclear as to whether the Notice isapplicable to an offshore enterprise incorporated by a Chinese natural person, nor detailed measures on imposition of tax from nondomestically incorporatedresident enterprises are available. Therefore, it is unclear how tax authorities will determine tax residency based on the facts of each case.17Table of ContentsWe may be deemed to be a resident enterprise by Chinese tax authorities. If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for the PRCenterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on financingproceeds and nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although, under the EIT Law and its implementingrules, dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued a guidance with respect to the processingof outbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for the PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidanceissued with respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation, which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to ournonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC stockholders from transferring our shares.Our failure to fully comply with PRC laws relating to social insurance and housing accumulation fund may expose it to potential administrative penalties. The PRC laws and regulations require all employers in China to fully contribute their own portion to the social insurance and housing accumulation funds for theiremployees within a certain period of time. Failure to do so may expose the employers to make rectification for the unpaid contributions by the relevant laborauthority. As of the date of this report, Hongri PRC has not paid housing accumulation funds for its employees. In addition, Hongri PRC failed to make contributions to thesocial insurance in full amount for its employees before 2014. PRC governmental authorities may impose penalties on Hongri PRC for failure to comply. In addition, inthe event that any current or former employee files a complaint with the PRC government, Hongri PRC may be subject to making up the contributions to the socialinsurance and housing accumulation funds as well as paying administrative fines. The total cost of these contributions and any related fines or penalties could besignificant and could have a material adverse effect on our working capital. We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Chinese anticorruption laws, and any determination that we violated these lawscould have a material adverse effect on our business. We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act, or FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and theirofficials and political parties by U.S. persons and issuers as defined by the statute, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have operations,agreements with third parties, and make most of our sales in China. The PRC also strictly prohibits bribery of government officials. Our activities in China create therisk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company, even though they may not alwaysbe subject to our control. It is our policy to implement safeguards to discourage these practices by our employees. However, our existing safeguards and any futureimprovements may prove to be less than effective, and the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company may engage in conduct for whichwe might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA or Chinese anticorruption laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to otherliabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the U.S. government may seek to hold our Companyliable for successor liability FCPA violations committed by companies in which we invest or that we acquire. If we become directly subject to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.listed Chinese companies, we may have to expendsignificant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations, stock price and reputation, and could result in a loss ofyour investment in our stock, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favorably. In the past few years, U.S. publicly traded companies that have substantially all of their operations in China, particularly companies like us have been the subject ofintense scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators, and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism,and negative publicity has centered around financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, lacking effective internal controls over financial accounting,inadequate corporate governance policies or lacking of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, criticism, and negativepublicity, the publicly traded stocks of many U.S. listed Chinese companies have sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, have become virtually worthless.Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions, and are conducting internal and external investigations into theallegations. It is not clear the effect of this sectorwide scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity will have on our Company, our business, and our stock price. If webecome the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources toinvestigate such allegations defending our Company. This situation will be costly, time consuming, and distract our management from growing our company.18Table of ContentsThe disclosures in our reports and other filings with the SEC and our other public pronouncements will not be subject to the scrutiny of any regulatory bodiesin the PRC. Accordingly, our public disclosure should be reviewed in light of the fact that no governmental agency that is located in China where all of ouroperations and business are located have conducted any due diligence on our operations or reviewed or cleared any of our disclosure. Unlike public reporting companies whose operations are located primarily in the United States, however, all of our operations will be located in China. Since all of ouroperations and business takes place in China, it may be more difficult for the Staff of the SEC to overcome the geographic and cultural obstacles that are presentwhen reviewing our disclosure. These same obstacles are not present for similar companies whose operations or business take place entirely or primarily in theUnited States. Furthermore, our SEC reports and other disclosure and public pronouncements are not subject to the review or scrutiny of any PRC regulatoryauthority. For example, the disclosure in our SEC reports and other filings are not subject to the review of the CSRC, a PRC regulator that is tasked with oversight ofthe capital markets in China. Accordingly, you should review our SEC reports, filings and our other public pronouncements with the understanding that no localregulator has done any due diligence on our company and with the understanding that none of our SEC reports, other filings or any of our other publicpronouncements has been reviewed or otherwise been scrutinized by any local regulator. Proceedings instituted by the SEC against five PRCbased accounting firms could result in financial statements being determined to be not in compliance withthe requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.In December 2012, the SEC instituted proceedings under Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) of the SEC’s Rules of Practice against five PRCbased accounting firms alleging that thesefirms had violated U.S. securities laws and the SEC’s rules and regulations thereunder by failing to provide to the SEC the firms’ work papers related to their audits ofcertain PRCbased companies that are publicly traded in the United States. Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) grants to the SEC the authority to deny to any person, temporarily orpermanently, the ability to practice before the SEC who is found by the SEC, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, to have willfully violated, or willfully aidedand abetted the violation of, any such laws or rules and regulations. On January 22, 2014, an initial administrative law decision was issued, sanctioning four of theseaccounting firms and suspending them from practicing before the SEC for a period of six months. The sanction will not take effect until there is an order ofeffectiveness issued by the SEC. In February 2014, four of these PRCbased accounting firms filed a petition for review of the initial decision. In February 2015, eachof these four accounting firms agreed to a censure and to pay fine to the SEC to settle the dispute with the SEC. The settlement stays the current proceeding for fouryears, during which time the firms are required to follow detailed procedures to seek to provide the SEC with access to Chinese firms’ audit documents via the CSRC.If a firm does not follow the procedures, the SEC would impose penalties such as suspensions, or commence a new, expedited administrative proceeding against thenoncompliant firm or it could restart the administrative proceeding against all four firms.If our independent registered public accounting firm were denied, temporarily or permanently, the ability to practice before the SEC, and we are unable to find in atimely manner another registered public accounting firm which can audit and issue a report on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determinedto not be in compliance with the requirements for financial statements of public companies with a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the SEC’s revocation of the registration of our common stock under theExchange Act, which would cause the immediate delisting of our common stock from the NASDAQ Capital Market, and the effective termination of the tradingmarket for our common stock in the United States, which would likely have a significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.19Table of ContentsOur holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should we decide inthe future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depend upon the receipts of dividends or other payments fromour operating subsidiaries, other holdings, and investments. In addition, our operating subsidiaries, from time to time, may be subject to restrictions on their abilityto make distributions to us, including as a result of restrictive covenants in loan agreements, restrictions on the conversion of local currency into U.S. dollars orother hard currency, and other regulatory restrictions as discussed below. If future dividends are paid in RMB, fluctuations in the exchange rate for conversion ofRMB into U.S. dollars may reduce the amount received by the U.S. stockholders upon conversion of dividend payments into U.S. dollars.Chinese regulations currently permit the payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards andregulations. Our subsidiaries in China are also required to set aside a portion of their aftertax profits to fund certain reserve funds according to the Chineseaccounting standards and regulations. Currently, our subsidiaries in China are the only sources of revenues or investment holdings for the payment of dividends. Ifthey do not accumulate sufficient profits under Chinese accounting standards and regulations to satisfy certain reserve funds as required by the Chineseaccounting standards, we will be unable to pay any dividends.Aftertax profits/losses with respect to the payment of dividends from accumulated profits and the annual appropriation of aftertax profits as calculated pursuant tothe Chinese accounting standards and regulations do not result in significant differences as compared to aftertax earnings as presented in our financial statements.However, there are certain differences between PRC accounting standards and regulations and U.S. GAAP, arising from different treatment of items such asamortization of intangible assets and change in fair value of contingent consideration rising from business combinations.RISKS RELATED TO THIS OFFERING AND THE MARKET FOR OUR SECURITIES GENERALLYIf we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of NASDAQ, we would face possible delisting, which would result in a limited public market for ourshares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Our common stock is traded and listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “KBSF.” The common stock may be delisted if we fail to maintain certainNasdaq listing requirements. For instance, companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bidprice per share of $1.00 for 30 consecutive business days. On March 3, 2016, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the 30 consecutive businessdays between January 20, 2016 and March 2, 2016, the bid price of our common stock closed below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQListing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued inclusion on The NASDAQ Capital Market. In accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we had an initial graceperiod of 180 calendar days, or until August 30, 2016, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. After the Company effectuated a oneforfifteenreverse stock split of the outstanding common stock, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq on February 27, 2017 stating that because the Company maintainedthe closing bid price of its common stock at $1.00 per share or greater from February 9 to February 24, 2017, they determined that the Company has regainedcompliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement.We cannot ensure you that we will continue to comply with the requirements for continued listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If our commonstock is no longer listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market, our shares would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our shares could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, andsecurity analysts’ coverage of us may be reduced. In addition, in the event our shares are delisted, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed uponthem, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions in our shares, further limiting the liquidity of our shares. These factors could result in lowerprices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our shares. Such delisting from The NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our shareprice could also greatly impair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing, and could significantly increase the ownershipdilution to shareholders caused by our issuing equity in financing or other transactions.20Table of ContentsIf we were delisted from NASDAQ, we may become subject to the trading complications experienced by “Penny Stocks” in the overthecounter market.Delisting from NASDAQ may cause our shares of common stock to become the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. The SEC generally defines a penny stock as an equitysecurity that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. One such exemption is tobe listed on NASDAQ. The market price of our common stock is currently higher than $1.00 per share. However, because the daily trading volume in our commonstock is very low, significant price movement can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Therefore, were we to be delisted from NASDAQ,our common stock may become subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. These rules require, among other things, that any broker engaging in a purchase or sale ofour securities provide its customers with: (i) a risk disclosure document, (ii) disclosure of market quotations, if any, (iii) disclosure of the compensation of the brokerand its salespersons in the transaction and (iv) monthly account statements showing the market values of our securities held in the customer’s accounts. A brokerwould be required to provide the bid and offer quotations and compensation information before effecting the transaction. This information must be contained on thecustomer’s confirmation. Generally, brokers are less willing to effect transactions in penny stocks due to these additional delivery requirements. These requirementsmay make it more difficult for shareholders to purchase or sell our shares. Because the broker, not us, prepares this information, we would not be able to assure thatsuch information is accurate, complete or current.Trading in our shares over the last three months has been very limited, so our stock price is highly volatile, leading to the possibility that you may not be able tosell as much stock as you want at prevailing prices.Because approximately 70% of our then issued and outstanding shares of common stock was tendered in the tender offering closed on July 29, 2014, we currentlyhave a limited amount of shares eligible for public trading. The average daily trading volume in our common stock over the last three months is very limited. If limitedtrading in our common stock continues, it may be difficult for investors to sell their shares in the public market at any given time at prevailing prices. Moreover, themarket price for shares of our common stock may be made more volatile because of the relatively low volume of trading in our common stock. When trading volumeis low, significant price movement of our common stock can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Volatility in our common stock couldcause stockholders to incur substantial losses.Numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly.There are numerous additional factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly. Thesefactors include:●our earnings releases, actual or anticipated changes in our earnings, fluctuations in our operating results or our failure to meet the expectations of financialmarket analysts and investors;●changes in financial estimates by us or by any securities analysts who might cover our shares;●speculation about our business in the press or the investment community;●significant developments relating to our relationships with our customers or suppliers;●stock market price and volume fluctuations of other publicly traded companies and, in particular, those that are in our industries;●customer demand for our products;●investor perceptions of our industry in general and our company in particular;●the operating and stock performance of comparable companies;●general economic conditions and trends;●major catastrophic events;●announcements by us or our competitors of new products, significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships or divestitures;●changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretation or principles;●loss of external funding sources;●sales of our shares, including sales by our directors, officers or significant shareholders; and●additions or departures of key personnel.21Table of ContentsSecurities class action litigation is often instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their share price. This type of litigation could result insubstantial costs to us and divert our management’s attention and resources. Moreover, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price andvolume fluctuations for reasons unrelated to operating performance of particular companies. For example, in July 2008, the securities markets in the United States,China and other jurisdictions experienced the largest decline in share prices since September 2001. These market fluctuations may adversely affect the price of ourshares and other interests in our company at a time when you want to sell your interest in us.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and do not anticipate paying any cashdividends on our shares. Accordingly, investors must be prepared to rely on sales of their shares after price appreciation to earn an investment return, which maynever occur. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our shares. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion ofour Board of Directors, and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable laws, and otherfactors our board deems relevant.Certain of our shareholders hold a significant percentage of our outstanding voting securities.Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, is the beneficial owner of approximately 37% of our outstanding voting securities. As a result, hepossesses significant influence and can elect a majority of our board of directors and authorize or prevent proposed significant corporate transactions. Hisownership and control may also have the effect of delaying or preventing a future change in control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other businesscombination or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer.Our outstanding warrants may adversely affect the market price of our shares of common stock.There are currently 393,836 warrants outstanding. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50. The sale orpossibility of sale of the shares underlying the warrants could have an adverse effect on the market price for our shares of common stock or our ability to obtainfuture financing. If and to the extent these warrants are exercised, you may experience dilution to your holdings.You will not be able to exercise your redeemable warrants if we do not have an effective registration statement and a prospectus in place when you desire to doso.No redeemable warrants will be exercisable, and we will not be obligated to issue shares of common stock upon exercise of redeemable warrants by a holder unless,at the time of such exercise, we have a registration statement or posteffective amendment under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuableupon the exercise of the redeemable warrants and a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Under the terms of a redeemable warrant agreementbetween American Stock Transfer & Trust Company as warrant agent, and us, we have agreed to use our best efforts to have a registration statement in effectcovering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants from the date the redeemable warrants become exercisable and to maintain acurrent prospectus relating to shares of common stock until the redeemable warrants expire or are redeemed, and to take such action as is necessary to qualify theshares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants for sale in those states in which the IPO was initially qualified. However, we cannotassure you that we will be able to do so. We may be unable to have a registration statement in effect covering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of theredeemable warrants or to maintain a current prospectus relating to such shares of common stock if, for example, we lack the current financial statements necessaryto be included in such registration statement or prospectus. We have no obligation to settle the redeemable warrants for cash, in any event, and the redeemablewarrants may not be exercised and we will not deliver securities therefor in the absence of an effective registration statement and a prospectus available for use. Theredeemable warrants may be deprived of any value, the market for the redeemable warrants may be limited if there is no registration statement in effect covering theshares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the redeemable warrants or the prospectus relating to the shares of common stock issuable upon the exerciseof the redeemable warrants is not current and the redeemable warrants may expire worthless. If you are unable to exercise or sell your redeemable warrants, you willhave paid the full unit price for only the shares of common stock underlying the units.22Table of ContentsHolders of warrants included in the placement units may exercise these warrants even if an effective registration statement and a prospectus is not in place,which means they may be able to exercise such warrants while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.Unlike the warrants underlying the units issued in connection with our IPO, the warrants included in the placement units will not be restricted from being exercisedin the absence of a registration statement under the Securities Act in effect covering the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the such warrantsand a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Therefore, the holders thereof will be able to exercise such warrants regardless of whether the issuanceof the underlying shares of common stock is registered under the Securities Act, while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.We are a “foreign private issuer” and have disclosure obligations that are different than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. Therefore, you should notexpect to receive the same information about us as a U.S. domestic reporting company may provide. Furthermore, if we or lose our status as a foreign privateissuer, we would be required to fully comply with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers and incur significantoperational, administrative, legal, and accounting costs that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer.We are a foreign private issuer. As a result, we are not subject to certain of the requirements imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the SEC. For example, we arenot required by the SEC or the federal securities laws to issue quarterly reports or file proxy statements with the SEC. We are also allowed to file our annual reportwith the SEC within four months of our fiscal year end. We are also not required to disclose certain detailed information regarding executive compensation that isrequired from U.S. domestic issuers. Further, our directors and executive officers are not required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Securities Act. Asa foreign private issuer, we are also exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups ofinvestors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. We are, however, still subject to the antifraud and antimanipulation rules ofthe SEC, such as Rule 10b5. Since many of the disclosure obligations required of us as a foreign private issuer are different than those required by U.S. domesticreporting companies, our shareholders should not expect to receive all of the same types of information about us and at the same time as information is receivedfrom, or provided by, U.S. domestic reporting companies. We are liable for violations of the rules and regulations of the SEC, which do apply to us as a foreignprivate issuer. Violations of these rules could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain NASDAQ corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. Thismay afford less protection to holders of our securities.We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. As a foreign private issuer,we are permitted to follow the governance practices of our home country, the Republic of the Marshall Islands in lieu of certain corporate governance requirementsof Nasdaq. As result, the standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not requiredto:●have a compensation committee and a nominating committee to be comprised solely of “independent directors; and●hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the Company’s fiscal yearend.As a result, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.Future sales or perceived sales of our shares of common stock could depress our stock price.As of the date of this report, we have 2,591,299 shares of common stock outstanding. Many of these shares will become eligible for sale in the public market, subjectto limitations imposed by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. If the holders of these shares were to attempt to sell a substantial amount of their holdings at once, themarket price of our common stock could decline. Moreover, the perceived risk of this potential dilution could cause shareholders to attempt to sell their shares andinvestors to short the common stock, a practice in which an investor sells shares that he or she does not own at prevailing market prices, hoping to purchase shareslater at a lower price to cover the sale. As each of these events would cause the number of shares of our common stock being offered for sale to increase, ourcommon stock market price would likely further decline. All of these events could combine to make it very difficult for us to sell equity or equityrelated securities inthe future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.23Table of ContentsHolders of our securities may face difficulties in protecting their interests because we are incorporated under the Republic of the Marshall Islands law.We are a company incorporated under the laws of the Marshall Islands, and almost all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, majority of ourdirectors and officers, and their assets, are located outside of the United States. As a result, you may have difficulty serving legal process within the United Statesupon us or any of these persons. You may also have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside the United States, judgments you may obtain in U.S. courts against usor these persons in any action, including actions based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal or state securities laws. You may also have difficultybringing an original action in the appropriate court of the Marshall Islands to enforce liabilities against us or any person based upon the U.S. federal securities laws.Provisions of our articles of incorporation may impede a takeover or make it more difficult for shareholders to change the direction or management of theCompany, which could reduce shareholders’ opportunity to influence management of the Company.Our articles of incorporation permit our board of directors to issue up to five million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 from time to time, with suchrights and preferences as they consider appropriate. These terms may include voting rights including the right to vote as a series on particular matters, preferencesas to dividends and liquidation, conversion rights and redemption rights provisions. The issuance of any preferred stock could reduce the value of our commonstock. In addition, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell assets to, a third party. Theability of the board of directors to issue preferred stock could make it more difficult, delay, discourage, prevent or make it more costly to acquire or effect a changeincontrol, which in turn could prevent shareholders from recognizing a gain in the event that a favorable offer is extended and could materially and negatively affectthe market price of our common stock.ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANYA.History and Development of the CompanyWe are a Republic of the Marshall Islands Company incorporated under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BDA”) on January 26, 2012. We wereoriginally organized under the name “Aquasition Corp.” for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, orsimilar acquisition transaction, one or more operating businesses or assets. The address of the Company’s principal executive office is Xingfengge Building,Baogaiyupu Industrial Park, Shishi City, Fujian Province of china.On March 24, 2014, we entered into a share exchange agreement and plan of liquidation (the “Exchange Agreement”), with KBS International, Hongri International, athen wholly owned subsidiary of KBS International and Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, each an individual and shareholder of KBS International (each, a“Principal Stockholder”). The Exchange Agreement was subsequently amended on June 21, 2014. The transactions contemplated in the Exchange Agreement (the“Share Exchange”) were closed on August 1, 2014. At the closing, we acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interest in Hongri International from KBSInternational. In exchange, we issued an aggregate of 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company to KBS International. In addition, on July 29, 2014, wecompleted a tender offer related to the Share Exchange and redeemed the 332,116 shares of common stock validly tendered and not withdrawn. Pursuant to theExchange Agreement, KBS International was liquidated and dissolved in August 2014 and the 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company were distributed toeach shareholder of KBS International according to their respective ownership of KBS International. As a result, following the consummation of the Share Exchange,we had a total of 1,694,489 shares of common stock outstanding.24Table of ContentsOn October 31, 2014, we held a special shareholder meeting and amended our Articles of Incorporation to change our name to KBS Fashion Group Limited.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.On March 29, 2016, we granted an aggregate of 73,334 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their past services in 2015 and future services to be provided in 2016.On July 10, 2017, we granted an aggregate of 215,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company as compensationsfor their services.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their services.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 registered shares of common stock pursuant to our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to our executive officers,directors and certain employees as compensations for their services.On March 29, 2019, our board of directors approved the issuance of 15,000 shares of common stock to our Investor Relationship firm as compensation for theirservices. The issuance of the shares was made in reliance on the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), for theoffer and sale of securities not involving a public offering, and Regulation S promulgated thereunder. None of the shares have been registered under the Act andneither may be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.25Table of ContentsCorporate StructureAll of our business operations are conducted through our PRC subsidiaries. The chart below presents our corporate structure as of the date of this report. The Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regardingissuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.Our web site address is http://www.kbsfashion.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of thisAnnual Report.Principal Capital Expenditures and DivestituresFor the year ended December 31, 2018, our total capital expenditures and divestitures were $nil. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, our total capitalexpenditures and divestitures were $849,199 and $45,445, respectively. Such expenditures were primarily used construction of production facility and purchasing fireprotection facility. Our operating cash flow mainly funded these capital expenditures.B.Business OverviewWe are a leading casual menswear company in China with a demonstrated track record of designing, marketing, and selling our own line of fashion menswear. Ourproducts include men’s apparel, footwear and accessories, primarily targeting urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 in the Tier II and Tier III cities in China.Tier II cities generally refer to major cities located in each province of China other than the capital city of such province. Tier III cities generally refer to countylevelcities in China. Tier III cities that we focus on are the national top 100 county cities identified by the State Statistics Bureau of China each year. These cities arecharacterized by higher GDP, higher disposable income, better education and better infrastructure as compared with other countylevel cities.26Table of ContentsOur apparel products include outerwear, knitwear, denim, tops, bottoms, accessories and footwear. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products,each year with a different theme to highlight the current trends in menswear for the season.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by the company and 40 franchised stores operated by 14 third party distributors or their subdistributors. The number of stores has grown from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017and 2016, sales through our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues respectively, and sales through distributors and whole sellersaccounted for 73%, 66.5% and 78% of our revenues, respectively. Total revenue from corporate stores sales for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $7.0million for 2017 and $5.53 million for 2016.From 2009 through 2018, total net sales decreased from $28.1 million to $18.53 million while the net profit decreased from $9.0 million to a net loss of $8 million.Our Competitive StrengthsWe believe that the following competitive strengths enable us to compete effectively in and capitalize on the growing casual menswear industry in China.●There is a sizable market for our products. We believe that we have a sizeable potential market. Our target customers are male middleclass consumers inthe 2040 age range. According to the national census in 2018, the population in China between 1659 yearsold was approximately 900 million. Our targetgroup falls into this category and is estimated to be more than 200 million people. As a result of the growing affluence in the PRC and increased purchasingpower of the PRC population, we believe that PRC consumers are becoming more willing and able to purchase casual menswear. In addition, we believe thatthe purchasing decision of PRC consumers is becoming more predicated upon brand image, product design and style, rather than just price considerations.With rising affluence and improvement in lifestyle, we also believe the overall Chinese population is generally growing more brand name conscious andstyle oriented and has shown a propensity for increased spending on casual menswear.●We have a strong focus on design and product development. We believe that our inhouse design and product development capabilities allow us to createunique products that appeal to our customers. We have established a strong inhouse design and product development team of 20 employees as of April26, 2019. Our team identifies new fashion trends by attending fashion shows and exhibitions as well as by drawing from creative ideas in magazines andother media. Each spring and fall, we carefully plan and create a new product line for our fall/winter and spring/summer collections of 727 SKU thatencompasses our full range of product offerings, including outerwear, tops, bottoms and accessories. We introduce new design elements into our productlines each season. With our highly skilled and creative team of designers, we have extensive experience in creating unique designs to meet the preferencesand needs of our target customer base.●Our trademarked brand has earned a following in China. Our brand was developed in 2006. Our marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design andmade for Chinese.” Our customers are middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range. We believe that their products’ concept, marketing, design andpackaging fully match with the prowestern attitude and life styles of their target customers. We believe the KBS brand is essential to our success topenetrate to the casual menswear market in China.●We have an extensive and wellmanaged nationwide distribution network. We have an extensive distribution network throughout China. As of December31, 2018, we had 1 KBS branded corporate stores and 32 franchised stores across 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. TheKBS branded corporate stores are required to sell only our products. We have been building up our selected distributor network since 2007. As ofDecember 31, 2018, we had 11 distributors operating 32 franchised stores. All of our distributors have been working with us from 1 to 10 years. We selectour distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry, sales channels, business resources, brand promotioncapabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. Our distributors help us respond to changing consumer tastes in a timelymanner by providing regular feedback on our products at our semiannual sales fairs and frequent communications. The financial resources of ourdistributors allow us to expand our retail network with less working capital investment from us than would be required for establishing direct stores, as ourdistributors are responsible for the store rentals and cost of inventory in their stores. We sold a substantial amount of our products through ourdistributors, which have allowed us to distribute our products to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge ofour distributors and their sub distributors. We believe that our distribution network has enabled us to expand our business and increase our salesefficiently and with less operational risk. This model has also minimized our operational risk because we typically start production after we receive ordersfrom our distributors. We believe that using a distribution network to sell a substantial amount of our KBS products has enabled us to devote ourresources to our core competitive strengths of design, brand management and product development.27Table of Contents●We have an experienced management team. Our management team has extensive R&D, marketing and financial experience, led by our Chief ExecutiveOfficer, Mr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has over 27 years of experience in the apparel industry and also has developed a differentiated product by internationalcooperation with a Korean designer. After working in the garment industry for more than 16 years, Mr. Yan acquired and developed the KBS brand. Withhis strong understanding of the apparel industry, Mr. Yan has successfully established this brand name in the market. We are committed to attract andretain top management level executives who we believe are and will continue to be the driving force behind our product development and growth.Our Growth StrategyWe intend to further strengthen our market position in the casual menswear market in China by implementing the following strategies:●We plan to expand our online business and purchase one or more online sales platforms or online stores. Together with the change in consumer trends,online sales is now the most important sales channel in Chinese market and is becoming increasingly important globally. Sales from our stores anddistributors have been steadily decreasing, and we are now in the process of identifying the best possible ways to establish and expand our onlinebusiness. We plan to research and purchase one or more online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that KBS will have better opportunities toexpand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores in year 2019, and the management of KBS will keep on exploring other areas and businessmodels, such as the use of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends. We consider that ourpolicy to expand our outreach using new technologies will add significant shareholder value.●We plan to expand our OEM sales by attracting more reputable and longterm clients. We just had the renewal of a framework sales contract with twomajor current customers: Hangzhou Zhi Yin Apparel Clothes Co., Ltd and Hangzhou Yiyuan Apparel Co., Ltd. These two sales contracts are expected togenerate approximately RMB 28 million in total, of which RMB 20 million relates to Hangzhou Ziyin of new 450,000 orders and RMB 8 million relates toHangzhou Yiyuan of new 160,000 orders for this year. We are also expanding our OEM business and to get more clients, especially to focus on onlineproviders, as they have expanded their market share over the past years quickly together with the change in Chinese consumer’s preferences and occupy alarge market share. By the time when we start executing the orders, we expect that we can have sustainable and increasing business.●We plan to invest in a Greece Based Private Smart Tech Apparel Company. We signed a letter of intent with Tribe, one of the most innovative smartclothing technology companies internationally. If the transaction is consummated, we conceive that this investment will enhance and expand significantlyour client network and products offering. The smart clothing market is expected to surpass the 2 trillion US dollars in size in 2019 and we believe we are wellpositioned to capture a part of this market in the wider region.28Table of Contents●We plan to continue to raise the profile of the KBS brand through enhanced advertising and promotional activities. We believe that the strongassociation of KBS brand with our concept of “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese” has helped drive our brand positioning and customers’receptivity to our products. We intend to further build our brand and deliver a consistent brand image from product design to sales and marketing. We seekto promote and enhance our presence in China’s casual menswear market by continuing to adopt proactive marketing strategies and produce high quality,well designed casual menswear for our target market. In particular, we aim to increase awareness of our brand through: (1) multichannel advertisingstrategies through national television, fashion magazines, billboards and other media channels; (2) further assisting our distributors’ regional advertisingefforts; (3) distinctive store and product launch campaigns, including special events for new product launches and largescale grand opening events fornew stores, particularly new corporate stores; (4) update of the decoration and layout of a number of existing stores which have been in operation for yearsto improve the shopping experience; (5) participation in fashion shows; and (6) sponsorships of selected highimpact events. We believe that theseadvertising and promotional activities will help to further strengthen brand awareness in our target market and enhance customer loyalty.●We plan to expand and build upon our design and product development capabilities. We intend to further strengthen our design and productdevelopment capabilities by accelerating the commercialization of design concepts, expanding our product offerings and continuing to develop what webelieve is unique casual menswear. We plan to further invest in design and product development and expand our design and product development team byattracting talented designers, either domestic or international, and training young graduates from leading fashion design institutes. We believe thatcombining western fashion design experience with our local designer’s understanding of the China market and aesthetic will enable us to create fashionableyet popular casual menswear for consumers in China. We also intend to cooperate with our suppliers to develop new materials and fabrics which we believewill give customers a unique fashion product and create new market opportunities. We believe that our focus on designing unique and quality casualmenswear will allow us to maintain our competitiveness and help to enhance our sales and overall profitability.●We plan to expand our production capacity to expand and diversify our product offerings. Our production facility is located in Taihu City, AnhuiProvince, China, consisting of total 110,557 square meters of land. Currently this facility has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per yearand can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famous sportswear producers, some successful onlinebrand stores and fulfill some overseas orders. The construction of our facility commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases: Phase 1 consists of theconstruction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We have completed theconstruction of facilities for Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Although we have the designed capacity of 5 million pieces yearly, the facilitycurrently may only produce 2 million pieces per year. Phase 3 construction has been delayed because the local government needs additional time toconclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 canbe continued. Phase 4 will include production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quarters and livingfacilities. Upon completion, the new facility is expected to have a production capacity of 20 million pieces and accommodate 5,000 workers. Please see“Production” below for a more complete explanation of our plans for the expansion of our production capacity. We anticipate that the new productionfacility will allow us to further refine our existing product lines by offering more styles within our existing apparel and accessories categories and tointroduce additional, complementary apparel and accessories categories into our product line. We currently introduce 500 to 900 different styles ofproducts each year and intend to increase the number of our product offerings in the future.●We plan to expand our international market and attract more orders from overseas. Starting from year 2016, we have been awarded international OEMorders for producing clothes with overseas brands. Such orders are usually large and continuous. Due to the completion of phase 2 construction of ourAnhui factory, we have enough production capacity to take on large orders. The current utilization rate of the Anhui factory is still quite low and we expectto invest more in attracting more large orders from overseas.The KBS BrandWe are engaged in a highly competitive industry in which brand image and recognition is critical to attracting customers to purchase our products. We haveadopted KBS as a uniform brand name and image for all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. The KBS brand was created byMs. Qinghua Ye in 2006 and registered with the trademark administration authority in 2008. Subsequently, Ms. Ye assigned the KBS trademark to Hongri PRC in2008. In 2009, Hongri PRC transferred this trademark to France Cock, which then licensed such trademark back to Hongri PRC. Based on our sharp rise in revenuesince 2006, we believe that the KBS brand has gained a following in the casual menswear market in the cities where our products are sold.29Table of ContentsTo promote our brand, we have developed and implemented brand management policies in all of our corporate stores and franchised stores. Our brand managementpolicies set out detailed requirements for store decorations and display of products. This enables us to project a consistent brand image. In addition, each season,our design and product development team develops display concepts, including the presentation of our collections in the stores and the color schemes for thebackdrops. We also work closely with our distributors to supervise the daily operations of franchised stores through unscheduled visits to ensure that our brandmanagement policies are properly followed.We may suspend the supply of our products or terminate distribution agreements in the event that any of our distributors or their subdistributors consistently failsto comply with our brand management policies.Our ProductsOur apparel products include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, socks and caps. In 2018, thesuggested retail prices of our products ranged from RMB 15 to RMB1,599 (approximately $2 to $237) for our apparel products and RMB178 to RMB1599(approximately $26 to $236) for our accessory products. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products, each year with a different theme tohighlight the current trends in menswear for the season.Our DesignWe believe one of our key strengths is our internal design and product development team, which designs products that reinforce our brand image. Major parts ofour products are designed by our internal design and product development team with the collaboration of Korean designers. As of December 31, 2018, our designand product development team consisted of 20 members, including one senior designer with over five years of working experience. Final design concepts areapproved by Mr. Keyan Yan, who has more than 27 years of experience in the industry. All of the other designers are graduates of professional design schools inChina. We believe that our design and product development team is innovative and passionate and that the individual experience of each of our designers helpsbring new and exciting products to our customers. Our design and product development team conceptualizes each season’s collections through an interactiveprocess, taking into account our brand strategy, product image and market feedback, drawing inspirations from domestic and international fashion trends andcollaborating with both our suppliers and distributors to finetune our designs. In particular, we collaborate with our suppliers to develop a variety of materials andfabrics for our products. We also involve distributors in our product selection process to take advantage of their market intelligence, which helps us to adapt toconstantly changing customer preferences in local markets. Our designers also attend various domestic and international fashion shows to keep abreast of the latestfashion trends.Starting from year 2015, design of our products comes from three channels. In addition to designing products by our inhouse staff, we outsource to certainreputable designers. From time to time, our ODMs also will directly sell their designed products to us.In a typical year, we design and make around 1,500 prototypes. After the initial product selection, internal cost analysis of approved prototypes and final selectionby distributors at the sales fairs, we eventually select approximately 750 designs for mass production. Final design of all of our products will be approved by ourChairman, Mr. Yan.Our Distribution NetworkWe have established a nationwide distribution network consisting of corporate stores and franchised stores covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrallyadministered municipalities.Corporate StoresAs of December 31, 2018, we owned and operated 1 corporate store with the floor area of approximately 120 square meters. As part of our corporate strategy, weclosed 17 corporate stores in last two years because of the low profitability of certain corporate stores. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, salesthrough our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues, respectively.30Table of ContentsWe directly own and operate our corporate store. This direct control enables us to have closer relationship with our ultimate customers and better understanding ofmarket trends and consumer preferences. Required capital for opening of each store depends on the location and area of the designated store. On average, therenovation cost per store is around $67,000 and the first year of rent payment is around $140,000 including premium paid to the previous owner. Rental period variesfrom two to five years. The total capital required to open a new store is generally around $207,000 per store. Once negotiation of rent is concluded, it takes one totwo months to open up a store. We usually open up stores right before a peak season, such as labor holiday in May, National holiday in October and Chinese NewYear in January/February. On average, new stores break even after one to three months of operation.We currently have one standard designs for our corporate stores located in Fujian Province. They were considered as flagship stores for our distributors’ reference.Because in year 2016 and 2015 we closed some corporate stores, the inventories of these stores were cleared through promotion exhibitions we held in the thirdtiercities at lower prices.For corporate stores opened in second tier cities, we normally have a higher aesthetic standard compared with corporate stores in third and fourth tier cities. Wegenerally locate our corporate stores at street level to access high pedestrian flow. Normally, we will sell inseason stock in our secondtier city corporate stores. Oursecondtier city corporate stores are also designed to showcase our marketability to potential distributors so as to induce them to join our distributorship. For storesopened in the third and fourth tier cities, we normally sell some of our slowmoving or offseason stock at a discount due to our awareness of the generally lesseramount of disposable income available to residents of these cities. During certain times of the year, such as the New Year, Chinese New Year and Labor Day, we willorganize promotional discounts together with our franchised stores to attract more customers and increase our stock turnover.Franchised StoresWe sell a substantial amount of our products to our franchised distributors who in turn sell them to retail customers through KBS branded retail stores operated byour distributors or their subdistributors. Since 2013, we have also been selling products to 3 provincial distributors without their own stores, or the nostoredistributors, on a trial basis. We do not have any ownership in, or controlling relationship with, these franchised stores, but we have entered into distributionagreements with them in the Company’s standard form, pursuant to which we require distributors and their subdistributors to sell only KBS products in thesestores. Distributors are responsible for selecting and ordering products from us and overseeing the sales in the stores operated by them and their subdistributors.By selling directly to our distributors, we can recognize revenues upon delivery to our distributors and delegate the distribution responsibilities to our distributors.This allows us to distribute our merchandise to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge of our distributors and theirsubdistributors. This also minimizes our inventory and sales risks while allowing us to allocate our resources to our core competitive strengths of design, brandmanagement and product development. We believe that our cooperation with distributors has enabled us to expand our business and accelerate our sales growth atmuch lower costs and operational risk and achieve brand recognition throughout China.We have been building up our selected franchised distributor network since 2007. As of December 31, 2018, we had 11 franchised distributors who operated 32 retailstores directly or through their subdistributors, all of which were standalone stores, which were typically located in commercial centers, including departmentstores or shopping malls, in their cities. All these distributors have worked with us for about 1 to 8 years. We have not encountered any material dispute or financialdifficulty with our key distributors. The average floor area of each retail store was approximately 78 square meters as of December 2018. The number of retail storeshas grown significantly in recent years from 7 as of December 31, 2006, with the aggregate floor area increasing from 560 square meters as of December 31, 2006 to2,635 square meters as of December 31, 2018. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, sales through our distributors accounted for 73%, 63.3% and78% of our revenues, respectively. 31Table of ContentsDuring each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we had no customer exceeding 10% of our net sales.Sales generated by our five bestperforming franchised distributors accounted for approximately 29.3%, 23.8% and 28.3% of our revenues in the years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Those top distributors have been with us since 2007 or 2008 and have grown organically with us. At the same time,we are exploring more distributors in other regions including relatively small distributors to grow with their businesses. Although we rely on distributors for thesales and marketing of our products, we believe our business is not substantially dependent on any individual distributor.We are highly selective in appointing distributors. We select our distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry,sales channels, business resources, brand promotion capabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. We maintain good relationshipswith many regional or local distributor candidates which we identify through our internal research and external referrals but only appoint a handful of them tobecome our distributors. We evaluate the relevant experience of the distributor candidates in operating retail stores, their financial condition and sources of fundingrequired for the establishment of a regional distribution network and their ability to develop a network of retail stores in the designated distribution region of a givendistributor before we make any appointment.Once appointed, each distributor must enter into a distribution agreement with us. We do not own any interest in any of our distributors, their subdistributors orthe retail stores they operate. The distribution agreements we typically enter into with distributors do not allow us to be involved in the daily operating, financing orother activities of the distributors, except that distributors need to comply with our brand management policies and pricing and store management guidelines. Keyterms of our standard distribution agreement include:●Product Exclusivity. Our distributors are required to sell only our products at KBS branded retail outlets managed by them or authorized retailers.●Geographic Coverage. Distributors are granted exclusive rights to distribute our products (directly and indirectly through their subdistributors) in theretail stores within the specified geographic area with no overlapping of distributors within our distribution network. However, we retain the right to operatedirect stores anywhere regardless of whether we have appointed distributors there.●Duration. The distribution agreements generally have an initial term of one year and are renewable at our discretion after taking into account factors suchas compliance with our brand management policies and sales performance.●Distributor Pricing. Distributors agree to order our products at a discount from our suggested retail prices. The discounted wholesale prices todistributors are classified into the following three categories: provincial distributor at a discount of 35% of retail price, district distributor is 30% of retailprice and the wholesale distributor is 25% of retail price.●Minimum Purchase Requirement. Each of our distributors is customarily expected to purchase a minimum amount of our products for each trade fair heldbiannually according to their present and expected distribution network. The minimum is typically RMB800,000 (approximately $110,000) for each store.●Payment and Delivery. Normally, we expect distributors to pay us RMB0.5 million (approximately $74,000) to RMB1 million (approximately $148,148) as adeposit upon placing an order. Upon delivery of the orders, we will deduct amounts on deposit from the purchase price. For new and small districtdistributors, we normally require them to pay the balance before the delivery of its products. We may also accept payment on credit terms to the extentrequested by distributors experiencing working capital difficulties or encouraging them to order more. The amount and duration of credit granted to eachdistributor will depend on its financial position and creditworthiness. We handle the arrangements for delivery of our products, but the distributors arenormally expected to bear the related costs and expenses.32Table of Contents●Return of Products. We will only accept product returns from distributors for quality reasons and only if the distributors followed our standard proceduresin processing the returned products. So far, we have not experienced any product returns due to expressed quality reasons.●Retail Pricing. Other than at times when we launch promotional campaigns or adjust our strategies, distributors must adopt, and are required to procuretheir subdistributors to adopt, our suggested retail prices for products. Distributors must obtain our consent before launching any distributor specificspecial offers.●Brand Management. Distributors must comply with our brand management policies and store management guidelines. We may impose penalties, forfeitureof deposit, suspend supply of products and terminate the agreement in the event of any breach of such policies.●Termination. We may generally terminate the distribution agreements and seek indemnification in the event of breach by distributors. In the event of sometypes of breach, we may not terminate the agreement but have other remedies. For example, if a distributor fails to order all products provided for under thedistributorship agreement, we may instead impose forfeiture of deposit or withhold certain benefits.When opening new retail stores, our distributors conduct research on the market potential of the proposed retail sites, after which they will provide us with anapplication for opening a new retail store. In reviewing applications, we consider factors including the store location, store layout, available area, marketopportunities, competitors and estimated sales. We conduct selected onsite investigations to verify applications filed by our distributors. Our retail stores aregenerally located in convenient retail locations in their respective cities and thus benefit from high volumes of pedestrian traffic.Effective monitoring of distributors and their retail stores is critical to our success. We have a team in our marketing, sales and distribution department to monitorour distributors’ and their subdistributors’ performance, who conduct onsite inspections of selected retail stores each quarter without prior notice to ensurecompliance with our store management guidelines. According to the results of our inspections, we, from time to time, make suggestions to our distributors withrespect to the opening or closure of their retail stores. Distributors also need to submit to us their annual/ semiannual plans to estimate their orders for the nextseason and their plan to improve the performance of existing retail stores or expand by opening new retail stores. This reporting system enables us to access uptodate sales projections of our distributors and their subdistributors, which reflects the overall level of retail sales of our products. It also provides us with theexpansion plan of each distributor which helps us prepare our overall development plan in a more accurate manner.We invite our distributors, as well as a select number of their subdistributors and retail store managers, to attend our sales fairs, which are held twice a year. Duringthe sales fairs, we discuss with our distributors and their subdistributors the upcoming product line. Apart from participating in two sales fairs each year, ourdistributors visit us from time to time and contact us as necessary, which allows us to have access to updated market information. We also provide training fordistributors and their subdistributors in the areas of sales techniques, customer service and product knowledge, typically prior to the launch of our new collectionseach year. We believe that these investments help to improve the operations of the sales network and provide additional valueadded services to retain ourdistributors and their subdistributors.The following table lists by region the number of retail stores operated by distributors and subdistributors as of December 31, 2018:LocationAs ofDecember 31,2018Fujian6Guangdong2Guangxi3Jiangsu4Anhui2Chongqing4Tianjin3Hebei4Sichuan4Total3233Table of ContentsPricing PolicyWe sell our products to our distributors at uniform discounts from our suggested retail prices. We have a suggested retail price policy that applies to all our storesto help maintain brand image, ensure consistent pricing levels from region to region and prevent price competition among our distributors. In determining our pricingstrategies, we take into account market supply and demand, production cost and the prices of our competitors’ similar products. Our sales representatives collectand record the retail prices of our products sold by our retailers. We analyze the information collected and engage in discussions with our distributors to ensure thatthey follow our pricing policy. See “Franchised Stores” above.ProductionOriginally located in Shishi City in Fujian Province and started production in 2006, our production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China.The facility currently has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famoussportswear producers. Our production facility was operating at full capacity between 2009 and 2012. In 2014, we produced about 0.39 million units at the operatingcapacity of 19.5%; while in 2015,we produced about 0.48 million units at the operating capacity of 24%. In 2016, we produced about 0.54 million units at the operatingcapacity of 27%.In 2017 and 2018, we produced about 0.30 million and 0.49 million units at the operating capacity of 15% and 25%. Since 2011, we have been negotiating with the local government to acquire land use rights for our current facility consisting of 110,557 square meters. We obtaineda portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square meters and 2,440 square meters in March 2012 and May 2012, respectively, and have finishedthe construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factoryin year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with localresidents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. While we cannot guaranteewhen and whether the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land will be eventually completed, we believe we will be in a better position toschedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Once completed, our total production capacity of the facility isexpected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.All of the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers bear the brand name KBS. As of December 31, 2018, we had 3 ODM contractmanufacturers and 3 OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had 3 and 6 OEM contract manufacturers, respectively. Oursourcing strategy is based upon the quality of fabrics and workmanship that our customers expect from the KBS brand. The costs of our outsourced productionamounted to approximately $8.38 million, $10.94 million and$26.1 million for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, accounting forapproximately 27.3%, 31% and 66.8% of our total cost of sales in the respective periods.As of December 31, 2018, our principal ODM and OEM contract suppliers included the following:No.1Bai Tian Ni (Fujian) Clothing fabric Co. Ltd2Shishi Hua Lai Shi Clothing Co. Ltd3Jinjiang City Hongtawanheng trading Co. Ltd4Fujian Gumaite Clothing Technology Co. Ltd5Shishi Rongpeng Clothing Co. Ltd6Hubei Mingyuan Clothing Co. LtdWe are not materially reliant on any single ODM or OEM contract supplier.34Table of ContentsInventory ManagementWe recognize that controlling the level of inventory is important to our overall operational efficiency and cost control. Based on the purchase orders our distributorsand the department store chains place at our biannual sales fairs, we are able to anticipate the demand for our products in advance and plan ahead for our ownmanufacturing and the orders we will be required to place with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We generally plan purchases of raw materials and placemanufacturing orders with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers immediately after each of our two seasonal sales fairs, usually in May for our autumn andwinter products and in October for our spring and summer products, where we confirm sales orders with our distributors and department store chains. This enablesus and our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to have sufficient time, ranging from two to eight weeks, to produce the products and provide our productssuitable for a specific season to our distributors and department store chains on a justintime basis so as to minimize our inventory levels. The alternative way tocontrol cost is when if we have chance to buy materials which the price is much lower than market price, we will buy it in advance and give to OEM contractmanufactures use our material to produce.Quality ControlProduct quality control is a critical aspect of our business. Our dedicated quality control team performs various quality inspection and testing procedures, includingrandom sample testing at different stages of our production process, to ensure that our products meet or exceed the expectations of our consumers. We also performroutine product inspections on every batch of our products and sample testing to ensure consistent quality of our products, including semifinished and finishedproducts.We have implemented a centralized system for procurement and inspection of raw materials and ancillary components to help ensure a stable and high qualitysupply. Those materials and components that fail to meet our tests may be returned to the suppliers for replacement. Our quality control team also carries out qualitycontrol procedures on the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We conduct onsite inspections of our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers before we enter into business relationships with them. We also send our inhouse quality control staff onsite to our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers to monitor the entire production process. The initial product inspections are performed onsite by our staff before these products are shipped to ourheadquarters for further inspection and storage in our warehouse. We also provide technical training to ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to assist them withquality control of the production processes and inspect preproduction samples and finished products from ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We have notencountered any material disruptions to our business as a result of the failure of any of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to meet our quality standards.In order to further improve the quality of our products and shorten our delivery cycle, we intend to increase our control over the manufacturing process andproduction cycle of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers, primarily by requiring our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to implement stricter and morecomprehensive quality control procedures, which cover each stage of the production process, from raw material selection and procurement to finished productspackaging and delivery. We also intend to apply more stringent standards for inspecting products manufactured for us by our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers.Marketing and AdvertisingWe have conducted multichannel marketing campaigns to advertise our products to our target customers through advertising in newspapers, magazines, theInternet, and billboards, and organizing regular and frequent instore marketing activities and road shows.We have implemented strict requirements on our distributors with respect to the display and promotion of our products to ensure consistent branding and enhancemarketing results. Our distributors are required to ensure that our marketing strategies are implemented at the retail outlets managed or authorized by them, includingdisplaying our products according to our specifications and using our billboard advertisements. We also assign sales representatives to monitor the instoredisplays of our products at various retail outlets on a regular basis to help ensure that our retailers have followed our product display policies.In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 our total advertising and promotional expenses amounted to approximately $1.21 million, $1.59 million and $1.55million, respectively, which accounted for approximately 6.6%, 7.5% and 3.8% of our revenues in the respective periods.35Table of ContentsCompetitionThe menswear industry in China is a fragmented industry. Competition mainly comes from local market players such as Exceed, Xiniya, Zuoan and Cabbeen. Webelieves that we differentiate ourselves by providing more fashionable, youngerlooking and leisure products, and competitive pricing without giving up the casualfeel of our products.We compete primarily on the basis of product design, brand recognition, operational efficiency and a low cost structure. Some of our domestic competitors have astronger customer base, greater resources and more industry expertise than us. However, we believe that we can continue to successfully compete with our localcompetitors due to our unique product designs.Intellectual PropertyWe currently have the licenses to use two registered trademarks in the PRC.The registered trademarks on which we have licenses are the following:TrademarkRegistration No.Valid TermKBS4342760Jan 1, 2019 August 28, 2028Ka bi sports5462336March 14, 2010 March 12,2020We believe that these trademarks provide significant value as they are important for marketing and building brand recognition. We are not aware of any third partycurrently using trademarks similar to our trademarks in the PRC on the same products.InsuranceWe do not have any business liability, interruption or litigation insurance coverage for our operations in China. Insurance companies in China offer limited businessinsurance products. While business interruption insurance is available to a limited extent in China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of suchinsurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance.Therefore, we are subject to business and product liability exposure. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—We have limited insurance coverage inChina and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses.”RegulationBecause our primary operating subsidiaries are located in China, we are subject to China’s national and local laws detailed below. We believe that we are in materialcompliance with all registrations and requirements for the issuance and maintenance of all licenses required by the governing bodies and that all license fees andfilings are current. This section summarizes the major PRC regulations relating to our business.Regulations Relating to Foreign InvestmentInvestment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are mainly governed by the Guidance Catalog of Industries for Foreign Investment (2017 revision), or theCatalog, which was promulgated jointly by MOFCOM and the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, on June 28, 2017 and entered into forceon July 28, 2017. The Catalog divides industries into four categories in terms of foreign investment, which are “encouraged,” “restricted,” and “prohibited,” and allindustries that are not listed under one of these categories are deemed to be “permitted.” Establishment of wholly foreignowned enterprises is generally allowed inencouraged and permitted industries. Some restricted industries are limited to equity or contractual joint ventures, while in some cases Chinese partners are requiredto hold the majority interests in such joint ventures. In addition, foreign investment in restricted category projects is subject to government approvals. Foreigninvestors are not allowed to invest in industries in the prohibited category. Industries not listed in the Catalogue are generally open to foreign investment unlessspecifically restricted by other PRC regulations.36Table of ContentsIn June 2018, MOFCOM and NDRC promulgated the Special Management Measures (Negative List) for the Access of Foreign Investment, or the Negative List,effective July 2018. The Negative List expands the scope of permitted industries by foreign investment by reducing the number of industries that fall within theNegative List where restrictions on the shareholding percentage or requirements on the composition of board or senior management still exists. Foreign investmentin valueadded telecommunications services (except for ecommerce) falls within the Negative List.In October 2016, MOFCOM issued the Interim Measures for Recordfiling Administration of the Establishment and Change of Foreigninvested Enterprises, or FIERecordfiling Interim Measures, most recently amended in July 2017. Pursuant to FIE Recordfiling Interim Measures, the establishment and change of foreigninvested enterprises are subject to recordfiling procedures, instead of prior approval requirements, provided that such establishment or change does not involvespecial entry administration measures. If the establishment or change of foreigninvested enterprises matters involve the special entry administration measures, theapproval of the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterparts is still required.Regulations Relating to Product QualityThe principal legal provisions governing product liability are set forth in the PRC Product Quality Law, which was promulgated in February 1993 by the SCNPC andamended in July 2000 and August 2009.The PRC Product Quality Law stipulates the responsibilities and obligations of product sellers and producers. Violations of the PRC Product Quality Law may resultin the imposition of fines. In addition, the seller or producer may be ordered to suspend its operations, and its business license may be revoked. There may also bePART IPART IIPART III20F 1 f20f2018_kbsfashiongroup.htm FORM 20FUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F(Mark One)☐REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ___________ to ___________OR¨SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report:Commission file number: 00135715KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)Not Applicable(Translation of Registrant’s Name Into English)Republic of the Marshall Islands(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)Xin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of China(Address of Principal Executive Offices)Mr. Keyan Yan, Chief Executive OfficerXin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of ChinaTel: + (86) 595 8889 6198Fax: (86) 595 8850 5328(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of Each ClassName of Each Exchange On Which RegisteredCommon Stock, $0.0001 par valueNASDAQ Capital MarketSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.Units, Common Stock Purchase Warrants(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.None(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report(December 31, 2018): 2,271,299Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐No ☒If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of“large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large Accelerated Filer ☐Accelerated Filer ☐NonAccelerated Filer ☒Emerging Growth Company☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting StandardsCodification after April 5, 2012.Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:U.S. GAAP ☐International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting StandardsBoard ☒Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ☐ Item17 ☐Item 18If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒Annual Report on Form 20FYear Ended December 31, 2018TABLE OF CONTENTSPageITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS2A.Directors and Senior Management2B.Advisors2C.Auditors2ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE2A.Offer Statistics2B.Method and Expected Timetable2ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATION2A.Selected Financial Data2B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY24A.History and Development of the Company24B.Business Overview26C.Organizational Structure42D.Property, Plants and Equipment43ITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS44ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS44A.Principal Factors Affecting Financial Performance45B.Liquidity and Capital Resources50C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.51D.Trend Information51E.Off Balance Sheet Arrangements51F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations52G.Safe Harbor62ITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES63A.Directors and Senior Management63B.Compensation64C.Board Practices65D.Employees66E.Share Ownership66ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS67A.Major Shareholders67B.Related Party Transactions67C.Interests of Experts and Counsel67iTable of ContentsITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATION67A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information67B.Significant Changes68ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTING68A.Offer and Listing Details68B.Plan of Distribution68C.Markets68D.Selling Shareholders68E.Dilution68F.Expenses of the Issue68ITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATION69A.Share Capital69B.Memorandum and Articles of Association69C.Material Contracts71D.Exchange Controls71E.Taxation74F.Dividends and Paying Agents79G.Statement by Experts79H.Documents on Display79I.Subsidiary Information79ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK79ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES80A.Debt Securities80B.Warrants and Rights80C.Other Securities80D.American Depositary Shares80ITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES81ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS81ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES81A.Disclosure Controls and Procedures81B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting81C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm81D.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting82ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT82ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICS82ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES82ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES82ITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS83ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT83ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCE83ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE83ITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 19.EXHIBITS84iiTable of ContentsINTRODUCTORY NOTESUse of Certain Defined TermsExcept as otherwise indicated by the context and for the purposes of this report only, references in this report to:●“KBS,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” are to KBS Fashion Group Ltd., a company organized in the Republic of the Marshall Islands;●““KBS International,” refers to KBS International Holding Inc., a Nevada corporation, which was dissolved in August 2014;●“Hongri PRC,” refers to Hongri (Fujian) Sports Goods Co., Ltd., which is our wholly owned subsidiary organized in the PRC;●“Hongri International” are to Hongri International Holdings Limited, which is our wholly owned subsidiary and a company organized in the BVI;●“BVI” are to the British Virgin Islands;●“Hong Kong” are to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China;●“PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China;●“SEC” are to the Securities and Exchange Commission;●“Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;●“Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;●“Renminbi” and “RMB” are to the legal currency of China; and●“U.S. dollars,” “dollars” and “$” are to the legal currency of the United States.ForwardLooking InformationIn addition to historical information, this report contains forwardlooking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of theExchange Act. We use words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “target,” “plan,” “optimistic,” “intend,” “aim,” “will” or similar expressions whichare intended to identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, among others, those concerning market and industry segment growth and demandand acceptance of new and existing products; any projections of sales, earnings, revenue, margins or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategiesand objectives of management for future operations; and any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, as well as all assumptions,expectations, predictions, intentions or beliefs about future events. You are cautioned that any such forwardlooking statements are not guarantees of futureperformance and involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions, which, if they were to ever materialize or prove incorrect, could cause the results of theCompany to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forwardlooking statements. Potential risks and uncertainties include, among other things, thepossibility that we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues and profits due to our failure to anticipate consumer preferences and develop newmenswear products, our failure to execute our business expansion plan, changes in domestic and foreign laws, regulations and taxes, changes in economicconditions, uncertainties related to China’s legal system and economic, political and social events in China, a general economic downturn, a downturn in thesecurities markets, and other risks and uncertainties which are generally set forth under Item 3 “Key information—D. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and our other filings with the SEC. These reports attempt toadvise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects. The forwardlookingstatements made in this report speak only as of the date hereof and we disclaim any obligation, except as required by law, to provide updates, revisions oramendments to any forwardlooking statements to reflect changes in our expectations or future events.On February 3, 2017, approved by the shareholders, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen (1for15) reverse stock split of the Company’s issued andoutstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided that shareholders are entitled to receive the number ofshares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Stock Market on a splitadjusted basis when themarket opened on February 9, 2017. All references in this report to share and per share data have been adjusted, including historical data which have beenretroactively adjusted, to give effect to the reverse stock split unless specified otherwise.1Table of ContentsPART IITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERSA.Directors and Senior ManagementNot applicable.B.AdvisorsNot applicable.C.AuditorsNot applicable.ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLEA.Offer StatisticsNot applicable.B.Method and Expected TimetableNot applicable.ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATIONA.Selected Financial DataThe following table presents selected financial data regarding our business. It should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and relatednotes contained elsewhere in this annual report and the information under Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” The selected consolidatedstatements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, and the selected consolidated statements of financialposition data as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are included in this annual reportbeginning on page F1. The selected consolidated statements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the selectedconsolidated statements of financial position data as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements thatare not included in this annual report.Our consolidated financial statements were prepared and presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by theInternational Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The selected financial data information is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the historicalconsolidated financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere herein. The financial statements contained elsewhere fully represent our financial conditionand operations; however, they are not indicative of our future performance.2Table of ContentsYears ended December 31,20182017201620152014Statement of Income DataTotal revenue$18,535,116$23,762,536$41,200,205$61,343,681$58,832,481Total cost of sales(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)(46,511,274)(39,416,973)Gross profit(2,316,136)(11,511,816)2,158,27214,832,40719,415,508Distribution and selling expenses(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)(6,621,256)(7,191,606)Administrative expenses(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)2,798,082(4,649,229)Profit for the year(17,968,597)(14,815,596)(11,902,688)1,243,6706,876,982Total comprehensive income for the year(20,040,295)(10,004,880)(18,028,121)(4,801,102)6,526,172Outstanding shares2,299,9151,860,8311,750,1421,694,4891,694,489Earnings per share, basic diluted8.067.966.800.734.06Balance Sheet DataCash and cash equivalents$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,341$21,214,080$20,604,583Noncurrent assets29,837,87540,966,31934,754,94247,221,52952,929,386Current assets31,328,13140,343,38656,343,82362,098,95162,093,570Working capital24,463,44633,060,87748,647,18553,598,85452,704,076Total assets61,166,00681,309,70591,098,765109,310,480115,022,956Current liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,500,0979,389,493Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,503,5069,404,880Equity54,301,32174,027,19683,402,127100,816,974105,618,076B.Capitalization and IndebtednessNot applicable.C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of ProceedsNot applicable.D.Risk FactorsAn investment in our capital stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the otherinformation included in this annual report, before making an investment decision. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial conditionor results of operations could suffer. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.3Table of ContentsRISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSGeneral economic conditions, including a prolonged weakness in the economy, may affect consumer discretionary spending, which could adversely affect ourbusiness and financial performance.The apparel industry has historically been subject to substantial cyclical variations. Our business and financial performance are dependent on a number of factorsimpacting consumer discretionary spending, including general economic and business conditions; consumer confidence; wages and employment levels; thehousing market; consumer debt levels; availability of consumer credit; credit and interest rates; fuel and energy costs; energy shortages; taxes; general politicalconditions, both domestic and abroad. Consumer product purchases, including purchases of our products, may decline during recessionary periods. Our ability toaccess the capital markets may be restricted at a time when we would like, or need, to raise capital, which could impair on our ability to open additional stores orbuild additional manufacturing lines. In addition, as domestic and international economic conditions change, trends in consumer spending on discretionary items,including our merchandise, become unpredictable and subject to reductions due to economic uncertainties. A prolonged economic recovery or an uncertain outlookin the economy could result in additional declines in consumer discretionary spending, which could materially affect our financial performance.A contraction in apparel sales and production could impair our results of operations and liquidity and jeopardize our supply base.Apparel sales and production are cyclical and depend, among other things, on general economic conditions and consumer spending and preferences. As thevolume of apparel production fluctuates, the demand for our products also fluctuates. A contraction in apparel sales could harm our results of operations andliquidity. In addition, our suppliers would also be subject to many of the same consequences which could pressure their results of operations and liquidity.Depending on an individual supplier’s financial condition and access to capital, its viability could be challenged which could impact its ability to perform as weexpect and consequently our ability to meet our own commitments.If we are unable to anticipate consumer preferences and develop new menswear products, we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues andprofits.Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define apparel trends as well as to anticipate, gauge and react to changing consumer demands formenswear in a timely manner. Our target market of consumers comprises urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 with moderatetohigh levels of disposableincome. Our business is particularly sensitive to their fashion preferences, which cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumeracceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, and our future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes. If we failto anticipate accurately and respond to trends and shifts in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing product offerings, developing new products,designs, styles and categories, we could experience lower sales, excess inventories and lower profit margins. In a distressed economic and retail environment, manyof our competitors may engage in aggressive activities, such as markdowns or other promotional sales to dispose of excess, slowmoving inventory, furtherincreasing the need to react appropriately to changing consumer preferences and fashion trends. Failure to do so could adversely affect the level of acceptance ofour products, our brand image and our relationship with our distributors, and therefore have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results ofoperations.The apparel industry is highly competitive, and if we fail to compete effectively, we could lose our market position.The menswear industry is highly competitive in China and worldwide. We compete with various domestic brands with similar business models and target markets.We also compete with a growing number of international brands trying to expand their market share in China to take advantage of rising consumer spending oncasual menswear. Our primary international and domestic competitors include Exceed, Xiniya, Cabbeen, GXG and NQ. Some of our competitors are significantlylarger and have greater financial resources than we do. In order to compete effectively, we must: (1) maintain the image of our brands and our reputation forinnovation and high quality; (2) be flexible and innovative in responding to rapidly changing market demands on the basis of brand image, style, performance andquality; and (3) offer consumers a wide variety of high quality products at competitive prices.4Table of ContentsThe purchasing decisions of consumers are highly subjective and can be influenced by many factors, such as brand image, marketing programs and productfeatures. Some of our competitors enjoy competitive advantages, including greater brand recognition and greater financial resources for competitive activities, suchas sales, marketing and strategic acquisitions. The number of our direct competitors and the intensity of competition may increase as we expand into other productlines or as other companies expand into our product lines. Our competitors may enter into business combinations or alliances that strengthen their competitivepositions or prevent us from taking advantage of such combinations or alliances. Our competitors also may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than wecan to new or changing opportunities, standards or consumer preferences. Our results of operations and market position may be adversely impacted by ourcompetitors and the competitive pressures in the menswear industries.Failure to effectively promote or develop our brand could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.We sell all our products under the KBS brand, from which we derive most of our revenues. Brand image is an important factor that affects a customer’s purchasingdecision for menswear products. Our success therefore depends on, among other things, market recognition and acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture,lifestyle, and images associated with the brand, some of which may not be within our control. We have limited control over our distributors that we rely upon to sellour products, which may limit our ability to ensure a consistent brand image. See “Risks Factors Related to Our Business –We have limited control over the ultimateretail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhere to, or fail to cause the third party retail outletoperators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.” We began designing, promoting, and selling KBS branded products in China in 2006. To effectivelypromote KBS brand, we need build and maintain the brand image by focusing on a variety of promotional and marketing activities to promote brand awareness, aswell as to increase its presence in the markets in which we compete. There is no assurance that we will be able to effectively promote or develop KBS brand, and ifwe fail to do so, the goodwill of KBS brand may be undermined and our business as well as our financial results may be adversely affected. In addition, negativepublicity or disputes regarding KBS brand, products, company, or management could materially and adversely affect public perception of KBS brand. Any impact onour ability to continue to sell KBS brand or any significant damage to KBS brand’s image could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends on the continued service of our senior executives and other key employees. In particular, we rely on the expertise, experience,and business contacts, of Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ms. Lixia Tu, our Director and Chief Financial Officer and Mr. ThemisKalapotharakos, our director. If one or more of our senior executives are unable or unwilling to continue to work for us in their present positions, we may have tospend a considerable amount of time and resources searching, recruiting, and integrating the replacements into our operations, which would substantially divertmanagement’s attention from and severely disrupt the Company business. This may also adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategy. Moreover, ifany of our senior executives joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, suppliers and key employees.Failure to execute our business expansion plan could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.A large part of our initial growth resulted from an increase in the number of our retail sales outlets, including corporate and franchised stores, and the increased salesvolume and profitability provided by these sales outlets. The number of our sales outlets increased from 8 in 2006 to 33 in year 2018.5Table of ContentsWe have our factory located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China, consisting of an aggregate of 110,457 square meters of land. Currently the facility there has aproduction capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year and can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces original equipmentmanufacturer (OEM) products for online stores, regional apparel brands and overseas orders. The construction commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases:Phase 1 consists of the construction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We havecompleted the construction of facilities of Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Phase 3 construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has beendelayed because the local government needs additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Because the time forthe government to resolve this matter is uncertain, we wrote off the land use right of the third parcel of land from account balance, according to the internationalframework reporting standard. Phase 4 includes building production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quartersand living facilities on the third parcel of land. As a result, our commitments to this facility may reduce our liquidity for an indefinite period and until it is completed.We could also indefinitely lose opportunities to expand our sales due to any further delay of our construction.The decision to increase our production capacity was based in part on our projections of market demand for our products and OEM orders from other brand nameowners. If actual customer demand does not meet our projections, we will likely suffer overcapacity problems and may have to leave capacity idle or need to contractout our facilities at an unfavorable price, which may reduce our overall profitability and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our futuresuccess depends on our ability to expand the Company’s business to address growth in demand for our current and future products.Our ability to expand the Company’s business is subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including:●the unavailability of additional funding to invest more in brand recognition such as advertisement, expand our production capacity, purchase additionalfixed assets and purchase raw materials on favorable terms or at all;●our inability to manage an online shop, hire qualified personnel and establish distribution methods;●conditions in the commercial real estate market existing at the time we seek to expand;●delays and cost overruns as a result of a number of factors, many of which may be beyond our control, such as problems with equipment vendors andcontract manufacturers;●failure to maintain high quality control standards;●shortage of raw materials;●our inability to obtain, or delays in obtaining, required approvals by relevant government authorities;●diversion of significant management attention and other resources; and●failure to execute our expansion plan effectively.The expansion of our business may place significant strain on our personnel, management, financial systems and operational infrastructure and may impede ourability to meet any increased demand for our products. To accommodate the Company’s growth, we will need to implement a variety of new and upgradedoperational and financial systems, procedures, and controls, including improvements to our accounting and other internal management systems, by dedicatingadditional resources to our reporting and accounting function and improvements to our record keeping and contract tracking system. We will also need to recruitmore personnel and train and manage our growing employee base. Furthermore, we will need to maintain and expand relationships with our current and futurecustomers, suppliers, distributors and other third parties, and there is no guarantee that we will succeed.In the future, we also intend to invest more resources to research and purchase online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that we will have betteropportunities to expand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores. In addition, we will keep on exploring other areas and business models, such as theuse of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends.If we encounter any of the risks described above or if we are otherwise unable to establish or successfully operate online shops or additional production capacity,we may be unable to grow our business and revenues, reduce our operating costs, maintain our competitiveness or improve our profitability and, consequently, ourbusiness, financial condition, results of operations and prospects will be adversely affected.6Table of ContentsIf we are unable to fund capital expenditures or obtain additional sources of liquidity when we need it, our business may be adversely affected. In addition, ifwe obtain equity financing, the issuance of our equity securities could cause dilution for our stockholders. To the extent we obtain the financing through theissuance of debt securities, our debt service obligations could increase, and we may become subject to restrictive operating and financial covenants.We anticipate that we will make substantial capital investments to expand our business within the next 3 years. There is no assurance that we will have sufficientcash to fund our anticipated capital expenditures. If we need but are unable to obtain adequate financing with on terms favorable to us, we may be unable tosuccessfully maintain our operations and accomplish our growth strategy. In addition, we may be unable to generate sufficient cash internally or obtain alternativesources of capital to fund our proposed capital expenditures, take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures. As a result, we mayseek to sell additional equity securities, debt securities, or borrow from lending institutions. Any issuance of equity securities could cause dilution for ourstockholders. Any incurrence of indebtedness could increase our debt service obligations and cause us to be subject to restrictive operating and financecovenants. Our ability to obtain external financing in the future is also subject to a number of uncertainties, including:●Our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;●general market conditions for financing activities by companies in our industry;●economic, political and other conditions in China and elsewhere; and●uncertain economic prospect and tightened credit markets resulting from the recent global economic slowdown and financial market crisis.If we are unable to obtain funding in a timely manner or on commercially acceptable terms, or at all, our growth prospects and future profitability may be materiallyadversely affected. Adverse changes in the capital markets could make it difficult to obtain capital or obtain it at attractive rates.Our past results may not be indicative of our future performance and evaluating our business and prospects may be difficult.Our business has gone through various stages of the business life cycle in recent years as demonstrated by our growth in net sales, which reached $99.6 million forthe year ended December 31, 2013, while in 2014 our net sales decreased by 40% to $58.8 million and in year 2015 net sales went up slightly by 4.3% to $61.3 million,our net sales decreased by 32.8% to $41.2 million in 2016, net sales decreased 42% to $23.8 million in 2017 and net sales further decreased 22% to $18.53 million in2018. The decrease in sales in 2016, 2017 and 2018 as compared with 2013 was mainly due to the slowdown of the Chinese economic growth and a challenging retailenvironment. As a result, we cannot assure that we will be able to achieve similar growth in future periods as recent years before 2014, and our historical operatingresults may not provide a meaningful basis for evaluating our business, financial performance and prospects. Moreover, our ability to achieve satisfactoryproduction results at higher volumes is unproven. Therefore, you should not rely on our past results or our historical rate of growth as an indication of our futureperformance.We experience fluctuations in operating results.Our annual and quarterly operating results have fluctuated, and are expected to continue to fluctuate. Among the factors that may cause our operating results tofluctuate are customers’ response to merchandise offerings, the timing of the rollout of new sales outlets, seasonal variations in sales, the timing of merchandisereceipts, the level of merchandise returns, changes in merchandise mix and presentation, our cost of merchandise, unanticipated operating costs, and other factorsbeyond our control, such as general economic conditions and actions of competitors.We have historically experienced seasonal fluctuations in our sales. A substantial portion of our revenues are typically earned during the second and fourthquarters and we generally experience lowest revenues during the first and third quarters. If sales during the second and fourth quarters are lower than expected, ouroperating results would be adversely affected, and it would have a disproportionately large impact on our annual operating results. The sales of our products arealso affected by local spending behavior, which are typically affected by seasonal shopping patterns during major Chinese holidays.7Table of ContentsAs a result of these factors, we believe that periodtoperiod comparisons of historical and future results will not necessarily be meaningful and should not be reliedon as an indication of future performance.Our failure to collect the trade receivables or untimely collection could affect our liquidity.Our distributors place advance purchase orders twice a year. From 2015 to 2018, we typically expect and receive payment within 30180 days of product delivery. Inaddition, approximately 83.2% of accounts receivables are within a 180 days credit term. Starting in September 2015, we extended credit to some of our customers to150180 days without requiring collaterals. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of the financial condition of our customers and we generally require no collateralfrom our distributors and authorized retailers to secure their payment obligations. However, our sales going forward may rely more heavily on credit, and if weencounter future problems collecting amounts due from our clients or if we experience delays in the collection of amounts due from our clients, our liquidity could benegatively affected.The Chinese economy experienced a softening of economic growth, and the apparel industry is also facing a downturn. The impact of the current and possiblefuture economic downturn on our distributors cannot be predicted and may be severe, causing a significant impact on their business. As a result, our financialcondition and result of operations could be negatively affected. In addition, if they cannot continue their orders of our products due to the failure of paying us forits previous purchases, our brand image and reputation may be materially negatively affected as well.We rely on distributors for a substantial portion of our sales and the loss of any of our large distributors would harm our business. A substantial portion of our sales are made to distributors that resell our products. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, distributors accounted forapproximately 67% and 73% of our total sales, respectively, and our top five distributors accounted for approximately 23.8% and 34.8% of our total sales,respectively. The marketing efforts of our distributors are critical for our success. If we fail to attract additional distributors, and our existing distributors do notpromote our products at the same or at a greater level than the products of our competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could beadversely affected.Furthermore, there is no assurance that any of our distributors will satisfy the sales targets set forth in their distribution agreements and we or they may not wish torenew the distribution agreements in future years. Moreover, our distributors are not obliged to continue to place orders with the Company at the same level asbefore or at all and there is no assurance that we would be able to obtain orders from other distributors to replace any such lost sales on terms satisfactory to us orall. If any of our largest distributors substantially reduces its purchases from us, or otherwise fails to renew its distribution agreement with us, we may suffer asignificant loss of sales and our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We have limited control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhereto, or fail to cause the third party retail outlet operators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.We rely on the contractual obligations set forth in the distribution agreements that we enter into with our distributors, as well as policies and standards we formulatefrom time to time, to impose our retail policies on these distributors in respect of the franchisee retail outlets. In addition, as we do not enter into any agreementswith the third party retail outlet operators, we rely on our distributors to ensure that these franchisee retail outlets operate in accordance with our retail policies. Assuch, our control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and the franchisee retail outlet operators is limited. There is no assurance that our distributors orthe third party franchisee retail outlet operators will comply with, or that the distributors will enforce, our retail policies. As a result, we may not be able to effectivelymanage our sales network or maintain a uniform brand image, and cannot assure you that franchisee retail outlets would continue to offer quality services toconsumers.8Table of ContentsIn addition, if any of the distributors or third party franchisee retail outlet operators experiences difficulties in selling our products in the retail market, they mayattempt to disregard our pricing policies and liquidate their excessive inventory buildup through aggressive discounts, which may damage the image and the valueof our brand. There is no assurance that we will be able to, in a timely manner, impose penalties on or replace any distributors who consistently fail to comply with,or fail to cause the third party franchisee retail outlet operators appointed by them to comply with, our retail policies in their operation of franchisee retail outlets. Insuch event, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We may not be able to accurately track the inventory levels at our distributors, retailers or department store concessions.Our ability to track the sales by our distributors to thirdparty retailers and the ultimate retail sales by the retailers, and consequently their respective inventorylevels, is limited. We implement a policy to require our distributors to provide us with their sales reports on a weekly basis and we carry out random onsiteinspections of our distributors to track their inventories. The purpose of tracking the inventory level is mainly to gather information regarding the market acceptanceof our products so that we can reflect consumers’ preferences in the design and development of our products for the next season. The tracking of inventory levelalso helps us to understand the market recognition of our products in a particular region, and thus allows us to adjust our marketing strategy if necessary. Theimplementation of the policy, however, requires the distributors to accurately report the relevant data to us in a timely manner, which is largely dependent on thecooperation of the Company’s distributors. We may not always obtain the required data in time and the data provided to us by our distributors may be inaccurate orincomplete.Inaccurate, mistaken, incomplete or delayed data regarding inventory levels may mislead the Company to make wrong business judgments for its production,marketing efforts and sales strategies. If that happens, our operations and financial results may be materially adversely affected. In addition, if we cannot manageinventory levels properly, future orders of our products may be reduced, which would materially adversely affect our future business, financial condition, results ofoperation and prospects.Our operations could be materially adversely affected if we fail to effectively manage our relationships with, or lose the services of, our OEM contractmanufacturers.The production of our brand name products are 100% outsourced to PRCbased thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2018 and2017 we had 5 and 6 contract manufacturers, respectively. Purchases from our top five OEM contract manufacturers accounted for approximately 92% and 88.6% ofour total purchases for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As we do not enter into longterm contracts with our OEM contractmanufacturers, they may decide not to accept our future OEM orders on the same or similar terms, or at all. If an OEM contract manufacturer decides to substantiallyreduce its volume of supply to us or to terminate its business relationship with us, we may not be able to find a proper replacement in a timely manner and may beforced to default on the agreements with our distributors that sell our products. This may negatively impact our revenues and adversely affect our reputation andrelationships with our distributors that sell our products, causing a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.Further, if any of our OEM contract manufacturers fails to provide the required number of products meeting our quality standards, we may have to delay delivery ofproducts to our distributors, become unable to supply products at all, or even recall products previously dispatched. This could cause the Company to loserevenues or market share and damage our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operationsand prospects. In addition, some OEM contract manufacturers may not fully comply with certain laws, such as labor and environmental laws. If any of our OEMcontract manufacturers is found to have violated laws and regulations in the PRC, media reports on such violations may negatively affect our reputation and image,resulting in material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.9Table of ContentsWhile we provide the designs of our products to the OEM contract manufacturers, as well as guidance for manufacturing the products ordered by us, we do nothave direct control over the OEM contract manufacturers. If any of them is involved in unauthorized production and sale of goods using the KBS brand, ourreputation, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.As the Company grows, our reliance on OEM contract manufacturers may also grow as our added production capacity may not be sufficient to keep pace with theincreased production requirements driven by our growth. We may not be able to find sufficient additional OEM contract manufacturers to produce our products onthe same or similar terms as our existing OEM contract manufacturers, and we may not be able to achieve our growth and development goals.Any interruption in our operations could impair our financial performance and negatively affect our brand. Our operations are complicated and integrated, involving the coordination of thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers and external distribution processes. Whilethese operations are modified on a regular basis in an effort to improve outsourcing and distribution efficiency and flexibility, we may experience difficulties incoordinating the various aspects of our operations processes, thereby causing downtime and delays. In addition, we may encounter interruption in our operationsprocesses due to a catastrophic loss or events beyond our control, such as fires, explosions, labor disturbances or violent weather conditions. Any interruptions inour operations or capabilities at our facilities could result in our inability to procure our products, which would reduce our net sales and earnings for the affectedperiod. If there are delays in delivery times to our customers, our business and reputation could be severely affected. Any significant delays in deliveries to ourcustomers could lead to increased returns or cancellations and cause the Company to lose future sales. The Company currently does not have business interruptioninsurance to offset these potential losses, delays and risks so a material interruption of our business operations could severely damage our business.We rely heavily on our management information system for inventory management, distribution and other functions. If our system fail to perform thesefunctions adequately or if we experience an interruption in our operation, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. The efficient operation of our business is dependent on our management information systems. We rely heavily on our management information systems to manageour order entry, order fulfillment, pricing, pointofsale and inventory replenishment processes. We cannot assure you that our management information system will operate properly or without interruption. Any malfunction to any part or all of our managementinformation system for a prolonged period may cause delays in operations or impairment of our overall business efficiency. We also cannot ensure that the level ofsecurity currently maintained will be sufficient to protect the system from third party intrusions, viruses, lost or stolen data, or similar situations. Additionally, aspart of our growth and development strategy over the next few years, we plan to upgrade and improve our management information system. We cannot assure youthat there will be no interruptions to our management information system during the upgrades or that the new management information system will be able tointegrate fully with the existing information system. The failure of our management information system to perform as we anticipate could disrupt our business and could result in decreased revenue, increased overheadcosts and excess or outofstock inventory levels, causing our business and results of operations to suffer materially. Failure to protect the integrity, security and use of our customers’ information and media could expose us to litigation and materially damage our standingwith our customers. Increasing costs associated with information security — such as increased investment in technology, the costs of compliance with consumer protection laws andcosts resulting from consumer fraud — could cause our business and results of operations to suffer materially. While we have taken significant steps to protectcustomer and confidential information, including entering into confidentiality agreements with relevant employees and incorporate confidentiality clauses in ourpolicies, there can be no assurance that advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments will prevent thecompromise of our customer transaction processing capabilities and personal data. If any such compromise of our security were to occur, it could have a materialadverse effect on our reputation, operating results and financial condition. Any such compromise may materially increase the costs we incur to protect against suchinformation security breaches and could subject us to additional legal risk. Procurement specialists and managers are required to sign a confidentiality agreement. 10Table of ContentsWe have limited insurance coverage in China and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses. Operation of our facilities involves many risks, including equipment failures, natural disasters, industrial accidents, power outages, labor disturbances and otherbusiness interruptions. We do not carry any business interruption insurance, product recall or thirdparty liability insurance for our production facilities or withrespect to our products to cover claims pertaining to personal injury or property or environmental damage arising from defects in our products, product recalls,accidents on our property or damage relating to our operations. While business interruption insurance and other types of insurance are available to a limited extentin China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of such insurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commerciallyreasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Therefore, our existing insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all risks associatedwith our business. As a result, we may be required to pay for financial and other losses, damages and liabilities, including those caused by natural disasters andother events beyond our control, out of our own funds, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our inability to protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights may prevent us from successfully marketing our products and competingeffectively. We believe our trademarks and other intellectual property rights are important to our success and competitive position and recognize the importance of registeringthe trademarks related to our KBS brand for protection against infringement. We currently hold two registered trademarks. Failure to protect our intellectual propertycould harm our brand and our reputation, and adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. Further, enforcing or defending our intellectual property rights,including our trademarks, patents, copyrights and trade secrets, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. We produce, marketand sell our products under registered trademarks. We regard our intellectual property, particularly our trademarks and trade secrets to be of considerable value andimportance to our business and our success. We rely on a combination of trademark, patent, and trade secrecy laws, and contractual provisions to protect ourintellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect these proprietary rights will be adequate or that third parties will notinfringe or misappropriate our trademarks, trade secrets or similar proprietary rights. In addition, there can be no assurance that other parties will not assertinfringement claims against us, and we may have to pursue litigation against other parties to assert our rights. Any such claim or litigation could be costly, and wemay lack the resources required to defend against such claims. In addition, any event that would jeopardize our proprietary rights or any claims of infringement bythird parties could have a material adverse effect on our ability to market or sell our brands, and profitably exploit our products.Environmental regulations impose substantial costs and limitations on our operations. We use chemicals and produce significant emissions in our manufacturing operations. As such, we are subject to various national and local environmental laws andregulations in China concerning issues such as air emissions, wastewater discharges, and solid waste management and disposal. These laws and regulations canrestrict or limit our operations and expose us to liability and penalties for noncompliance. While we believe that our facilities are in material compliance with allapplicable environmental laws and regulations, the risks of substantial unanticipated costs and liabilities related to compliance with these laws and regulations arean inherent part of our business. It is possible that future conditions may develop, arise or be discovered that create new environmental compliance or remediationliabilities and costs. While we believe that we can comply with existing environmental legislation and regulatory requirements and that the costs of compliance havebeen included within budgeted cost estimates, compliance may prove to be more limiting and costly than anticipated.We may be unable to establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, and, as a result, we may be unable to accuratelyreport our financial results or prevent fraud.We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities law. The SEC as required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (“SOX 404”), adoptedrules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal control over financial reporting in its annual report, which mustalso contain management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, the independent registered publicaccounting firm auditing the financial statements of a company that is not a nonaccelerated filer under Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act must also attest to theoperating effectiveness of the company’s internal controls.11Table of ContentsFailure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could result in our inability to accurately report our financial results, prevent or detect fraudor provide timely and reliable financial and other information pursuant to the reporting obligations we have as a public company, which could have a materialadverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, it could cause our investors to lose confidence in the information we report,which could adversely affect our stock price.RISKS RELATED TO DOING BUSINESS IN CHINAOur business operation may be affected if we are forced to relocate our manufacturing facilities and stores.We leased the premises for our office located in Shishi and one corporate store. However, none of our lease agreements have been registered with the relevantgovernmental agencies. According to our PRC legal counsel, without registration, our rights to use and occupy the premises may not be secured if any third partiessuch as other tenants who have registered their lease agreements challenge us under PRC law. Moreover, while we have taken various measures to verify theownership of property such as checking utility bills and search government records, most of our landlords have declined to confirm whether they possess theproperty ownership certificates and land use rights certificates for our properties. As a result, we have been unable to verify whether third parties may assert theirownership rights under PRC law against most of our landlords or challenge most of our leases in the future. If our rights to use the premises are challenged, we maybe forced to relocate to other premises. We may not be able to relocate to a suitable premise promptly or lease alternative premises on terms at least as favorable asour existing ones. In addition, relocation costs and interruption of production may have a material adverse effect on our business operation and financialperformance.Changes in the economic and political policies of the PRC government could have a material and adverse effect on our business and operations.We conduct substantially all our business operations in China. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are significantly dependenton economic and political developments in China. China’s economy differs from the economies of developed countries in many aspects, including the level ofdevelopment, growth rate and degree of government control over foreign exchange and allocation of resources. While China’s economy has experienced significantgrowth in the past 30 years, the growth has been uneven across different regions and periods and among various economic sectors in China. We cannot assure youthat China’s economy will continue to grow, or that if there is growth, such growth will be steady and uniform, or that if there is a slowdown, such slowdown will nothave a negative effect on its business and results of operations.The PRC government exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, control over payment of foreign currencydenominated obligations, implementation of monetary policy, and preferential treatment of particular industries or companies. Certain measures adopted by the PRCgovernment may restrict loans to certain industries, such as changes in the statutory deposit reserve ratio and lending guidelines for commercial banks by thePeople’s Bank of China, or PBOC. These current and future government actions could materially affect our liquidity, access to capital, and ability to operate ourbusiness.The global financial markets experienced significant disruptions in 2008 and the United States, Europe and other economies went into recession. Since 2012, growthof the Chinese economy has slowed. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources.Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy but may also have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operation could bematerially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, any stimulusmeasures designed to boost the Chinese economy, may contribute to higher inflation, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.See “Risks Related to Doing Business in China Future inflation in China may inhibit our ability to conduct business in China.”12Table of ContentsUncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the legal protections available to you and us.We conduct substantially all of our business through our operating subsidiaries in the PRC. Our operating subsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulationsapplicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws applicable to foreigninvested enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes, andprior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, a series of new PRC laws and regulations have significantlyenhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, since the PRC legal system continues to evolve rapidly, theinterpretations of many laws, regulations, and rules are not always uniform, and enforcement of these laws, regulations, and rules involve uncertainties, which maylimit legal protections available to you and us. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources andmanagement attention. In addition, most of our executive officers and directors are residents of China and not of the United States, and substantially all the assets ofthese persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it could be difficult for investors to affect service of process in the United States or to enforce ajudgment obtained in the United States against our Chinese operations and subsidiaries.You may have difficulty enforcing judgments against us.Most of our assets are located outside of the United States and most of our current operations are conducted in the PRC. In addition, most of our directors andofficers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons is located outside the UnitedStates. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce inU.S. courts judgments on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, most of whom are not residents inthe United States and the substantial majority of whose assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts ofthe PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts. Our counsel as to PRC law has advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgmentsare provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. Courts in China may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRCCivil Procedures Law based on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have anytreaties or other arrangements that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments with the United States. In addition, according to thePRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violatesbasic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security, or the public interest. So, it is uncertain whether a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by acourt in the United States.The PRC government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities.The PRC government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and stateownership. Our ability to operate in China may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, import and export tariffs,environmental regulations, land use rights, property, and other matters. We believe that our operations in China are in material compliance with all applicable legaland regulatory requirements. However, the central or local governments of the jurisdictions in which we operate may impose new, stricter regulations orinterpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations orinterpretations.Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision not to continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more centrally plannedeconomy or regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant effect on economic conditions in China or particularregions thereof and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then hold in Chinese properties or joint venturesRestrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our sales effectively. The majority of our sales will be settled in RMB and U.S. dollars, and any future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit our ability to use revenue generated inRMB to fund any future business activities outside China or to make dividend or other payments in U.S. dollars. Although the Chinese government introducedregulations in 1996 to allow greater convertibility of the RMB for current account transactions, significant restrictions still remain, including primarily the restrictionthat foreigninvested enterprises may only buy, sell or remit foreign currencies after providing valid commercial documents, at those banks in China authorized toconduct foreign exchange business. In addition, conversion of RMB for capital account items, including direct investment and loans, is subject to governmentalapproval in China, and companies are required to open and maintain separate foreign exchange accounts for capital account items. We cannot be certain that theChinese regulatory authorities will not impose more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of the RMB in the future.13Table of ContentsFluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.The value of our securities will be indirectly affected by the foreign exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and RMB and between those currencies and othercurrencies in which our sales may be denominated. Appreciation or depreciation in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial resultsreported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations. Fluctuations in the exchange rate will alsoaffect the relative value of any dividend we issue that will be exchanged into U.S. dollars, as well as earnings from, and the value of, any U.S. dollardenominatedinvestments we make in the future.Since July 2005, the RMB has no longer been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Since then the RMB has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly andunpredictably, and in recent years the RMB has depreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progresstowards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate systemand there is no guarantee that the RMB will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how marketforces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future.Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedgingtransactions. While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited, and we may not beable to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition, our foreign currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrictour ability to convert RMB into foreign currencies. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends and other distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you, and otherwise fund and conduct our business. Substantially all of our sales are earned by our PRC subsidiaries. However, PRC regulations restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make dividends and otherpayments to their offshore parent companies. PRC legal restrictions permit payments of dividends by our PRC subsidiaries only out of their accumulated aftertaxprofits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are also required under PRC laws and regulations toallocate at least 10% of their annual aftertax profits determined in accordance with PRC GAAP to a statutory general reserve fund until the amounts in said fundreaches 50% of their registered capital. Allocations to these statutory reserve funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not transferable to us in the formof loans, advances, or cash dividends. Any limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to transfer funds to us could materially and adversely limit our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends and otherwise fund and conduct our business.PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary toliability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital ordistribute profits.SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing andRoundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as “SAFECircular 75” promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of the SAFE in connection with theirdirect establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets orequity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a “special purpose vehicle.” SAFE Circular 37 furtherrequires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capitalcontributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in aspecial purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profitdistributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent crossborder foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted inits ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described abovecould result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for theForeign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015 by SAFE, local banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration foroverseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under SAFE Circular 37 from June 1, 2015.14Table of ContentsAccording to SAFE Circular 37, our shareholders or beneficial owners, who are PRC residents, are subject to SAFE Circular 37 or other foreign exchangeadministrative regulations in respect of their investment in our company. We have notified substantial beneficial owners of ordinary shares who we know are PRCresidents of their filing obligations. Nevertheless, we may not be aware of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. We do not havecontrol over our beneficial owners and there can be no assurance that all of our PRCresident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE Circular 37 and subsequentimplementation rules, and there is no assurance that the registration under SAFE Circular 37 and any amendment will be completed in a timely manner, or will becompleted at all. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their foreign exchange registrations in a timely manner pursuant toSAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with theregistration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to fines andlegal sanctions. Such failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiary and limitour PRC subsidiary’s ability to distribute dividends to our company. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and resultsof operations.Furthermore, SAFE Circular 37 is unclear how this regulation, and any future regulation concerning offshore or crossborder transactions, will be interpreted,amended and implemented by the relevant PRC government authorities, and we cannot predict how these regulations will affect our business operations or futurestrategy. Failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRCsubsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to us. These risks could in the future have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results ofoperations.We may be unable to complete a business combination transaction efficiently or on favorable terms due to complicated merger and acquisition regulationswhich became effective on September 8, 2006.On August 9, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the China Securities Regulatory Commission, promulgated the Regulation on Mergers and Acquisitionsof Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006, and was subsequently amended in 2009. This regulation, among otherthings, governs the approval process of a PRC company’s participation in an acquisition of assets or equity interests. Depending on the structure of the transaction,the regulation requires the PRC parties to make a series of applications and supplemental applications to the government agencies for approval of acquisition ofassets or equity interests from other entity. In some instances, the application process may require a presentation of economic data concerning the transaction,including appraisals of the target business and evaluations of the acquirer, which are designed to allow the government to assess viability of the transaction.Government approvals will have expiration dates, by which a transaction must be completed and reported to the government agencies. Compliance with theregulation is likely to be more time consuming and expensive than it was in the past, and provides the government more controls over business combination of twoenterprises. As a result, our ability to engage in business combination transactions has become significantly more complicated, time consuming, and expensive. Wemay not be able to negotiate a transaction that is acceptable to our stockholders or sufficiently protect their interests in a transaction.The regulation allows PRC governmental agencies to assess the economic terms of a business combination transaction. Parties to a business combinationtransaction may have to submit to MOFCOM and other relevant government agencies an appraisal report, an evaluation report, and the acquisition agreement, all ofwhich were a part of the application for approval, depending on the structure of the transaction. The regulation also prohibits a transaction with an acquisition priceobviously lower than the appraised value of the PRC business or assets and in certain transaction structures, and requires consideration being paid within a definedperiod, generally not in excess of a year. The regulation also limits our ability to negotiate various terms of the acquisition, including the initial consideration,contingent consideration, holdback provisions, indemnification provisions, and provisions related to the assumption and allocation of assets and liabilities.Transaction structures involving trusts, nominees and similar entities are prohibited. Therefore, such regulation may impede our ability to negotiate and complete abusiness combination transaction on financial terms that satisfy our investors and protect our stockholders’ economic interests.15Table of ContentsPRC regulation of loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion mayrestrict or prevent us from using the proceeds of our future financings to make loans to our PRC subsidiaries, or to make additional capital contributions toour PRC subsidiary.We, as an offshore holding company, are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC subsidiary, which are treated as foreigninvestedenterprises under PRC laws, through loans or capital contributions. However, loans by us to any PRC subsidiary to finance its activities cannot exceed statutorylimits and must be registered with the local counterpart of SAFE and capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary are subject to the requirement of making necessaryfilings in the Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System, and registration with other governmental authorities in China.SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital ofForeigninvested Enterprises, or Circular 19, effective on June 1, 2015, in replacement of the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvementof the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign Invested Enterprises, or Circular 142, the Notice from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Exchange Businesses, or Circular 59, and theCircular on Further Clarification and Regulation of the Issues Concerning the Administration of Certain Capital Account Foreign Exchange Businesses, orCircular 45. According to Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of a foreigninvestedcompany is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans, the repayment of interenterprise loans or the repayment ofbank loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of aforeign invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within the PRC, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFEwill permit such capital to be used for equity investments in the PRC in actual practice. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, whichreiterates some of the rules set forth in Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registeredcapital of a foreigninvested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to grant loans to nonassociated enterprises.Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. Circular 19 and Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer anyforeign currency we hold, including the net proceeds from our future financings, to our PRC subsidiary, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability tofund and expand our business in the PRC.Due to the restrictions imposed on loans in foreign currencies extended to any PRC domestic companies, we are not likely to make such loans to any of our PRCsubsidiaries. Meanwhile, we are not likely to finance the activities of our subsidiaries by means of capital contributions given the restrictions on foreign investmentin the businesses that are currently conducted by our subsidiaries.In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannotassure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, withrespect to future loans to our PRC subsidiary or any consolidated variable interest entity or future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiary. As a result,uncertainties exist as to our ability to provide prompt financial support to our PRC subsidiaries when needed. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain suchapprovals, our ability to use foreign currency, including the proceeds we received from our future financings, and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operationsmay be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.16Table of ContentsAny failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal oradministrative sanctions.Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas nonpubliclylisted companies may submit applications to SAFE orits local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. In the meantime, our directors, executive officers andother employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year, subject to limitedexceptions, and who have been granted restricted shares, options or restricted share units, or RSUs, by us or our overseas listed subsidiaries may follow the Noticeon Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company,issued by SAFE in February 2012, to apply for the foreign exchange registration. According to those regulations, employees, directors and other managementmembers participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC citizens residing in China for acontinuous period of not less than one year, subject to limited exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which may be aPRC subsidiary of the overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines andlegal sanctions and may also limit their ability to make payment under the relevant equity incentive plans or receive dividends or sales proceeds related thereto inforeign currencies, or our ability to contribute additional capital into our domestic subsidiaries in China and limit our domestic subsidiaries’ ability to distributedividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties under PRC law that could restrict our ability or the ability of our overseas listed subsidiaries to adoptadditional equity incentive plans for our directors and employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period ofnot less than one year, subject to limited exceptions.In addition, the State Administration of Taxation has issued circulars concerning employee share options, restricted shares or RSUs. Under these circulars,employees working in the PRC who exercise share options, or whose restricted shares or RSUs vest, will be subject to PRC individual income tax. The PRCsubsidiaries of an overseas listed company have obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authoritiesand to withhold individual income taxes of those employees related to their share options, restricted shares or RSUs. If the employees fail to pay, or the PRCsubsidiaries fail to withhold, their income taxes according to relevant laws, rules and regulations, the PRC subsidiaries may face sanctions imposed by the taxauthorities.Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a “resident enterprise” of China. Such classification will likely result in unfavorable taxconsequences to us and our nonPRC shareholders.On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress of China passed a new Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law. On November 28, 2007, the State Council ofChina passed its implementing rules, which took effect on January 1, 2008. Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto managementbodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise,” meaning that it can be treated in a manner similar to a Chinese enterprise for enterprise income taxpurposes. The implementing rules of the EIT Law define de facto management as “substantial and overall management and control over the production andoperations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise.On April 22, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice Concerning Relevant Issues Regarding Cognizance of Chinese Investment ControlledEnterprises Incorporated Offshore as Resident Enterprises. According to the Criteria of de facto Management Bodies, or the Notice, further interprets the applicationof the EIT Law and its implementation nonChinese enterprise or group controlled offshore entities. Pursuant to the Notice, an enterprise incorporated in an offshorejurisdiction and controlled by a Chinese enterprise or group will be classified as a “nondomestically incorporated resident enterprise” if (i) its senior management incharge of daily operations reside or perform their duties mainly in China; (ii) its financial or personnel decisions are made or approved by bodies or persons in China;(iii) its substantial assets and properties, accounting books, corporate chops, board and shareholder minutes are kept in China; and (iv) at least half of its directorswith voting rights or senior management often resident in China. A resident enterprise would be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on its worldwideincome and must pay a withholding tax at a rate of 10%, when paying dividends to its nonPRC shareholders. However, it remains unclear as to whether the Notice isapplicable to an offshore enterprise incorporated by a Chinese natural person, nor detailed measures on imposition of tax from nondomestically incorporatedresident enterprises are available. Therefore, it is unclear how tax authorities will determine tax residency based on the facts of each case.17Table of ContentsWe may be deemed to be a resident enterprise by Chinese tax authorities. If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for the PRCenterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on financingproceeds and nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although, under the EIT Law and its implementingrules, dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued a guidance with respect to the processingof outbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for the PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidanceissued with respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation, which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to ournonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC stockholders from transferring our shares.Our failure to fully comply with PRC laws relating to social insurance and housing accumulation fund may expose it to potential administrative penalties. The PRC laws and regulations require all employers in China to fully contribute their own portion to the social insurance and housing accumulation funds for theiremployees within a certain period of time. Failure to do so may expose the employers to make rectification for the unpaid contributions by the relevant laborauthority. As of the date of this report, Hongri PRC has not paid housing accumulation funds for its employees. In addition, Hongri PRC failed to make contributions to thesocial insurance in full amount for its employees before 2014. PRC governmental authorities may impose penalties on Hongri PRC for failure to comply. In addition, inthe event that any current or former employee files a complaint with the PRC government, Hongri PRC may be subject to making up the contributions to the socialinsurance and housing accumulation funds as well as paying administrative fines. The total cost of these contributions and any related fines or penalties could besignificant and could have a material adverse effect on our working capital. We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Chinese anticorruption laws, and any determination that we violated these lawscould have a material adverse effect on our business. We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act, or FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and theirofficials and political parties by U.S. persons and issuers as defined by the statute, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have operations,agreements with third parties, and make most of our sales in China. The PRC also strictly prohibits bribery of government officials. Our activities in China create therisk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company, even though they may not alwaysbe subject to our control. It is our policy to implement safeguards to discourage these practices by our employees. However, our existing safeguards and any futureimprovements may prove to be less than effective, and the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company may engage in conduct for whichwe might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA or Chinese anticorruption laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to otherliabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the U.S. government may seek to hold our Companyliable for successor liability FCPA violations committed by companies in which we invest or that we acquire. If we become directly subject to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.listed Chinese companies, we may have to expendsignificant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations, stock price and reputation, and could result in a loss ofyour investment in our stock, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favorably. In the past few years, U.S. publicly traded companies that have substantially all of their operations in China, particularly companies like us have been the subject ofintense scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators, and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism,and negative publicity has centered around financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, lacking effective internal controls over financial accounting,inadequate corporate governance policies or lacking of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, criticism, and negativepublicity, the publicly traded stocks of many U.S. listed Chinese companies have sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, have become virtually worthless.Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions, and are conducting internal and external investigations into theallegations. It is not clear the effect of this sectorwide scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity will have on our Company, our business, and our stock price. If webecome the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources toinvestigate such allegations defending our Company. This situation will be costly, time consuming, and distract our management from growing our company.18Table of ContentsThe disclosures in our reports and other filings with the SEC and our other public pronouncements will not be subject to the scrutiny of any regulatory bodiesin the PRC. Accordingly, our public disclosure should be reviewed in light of the fact that no governmental agency that is located in China where all of ouroperations and business are located have conducted any due diligence on our operations or reviewed or cleared any of our disclosure. Unlike public reporting companies whose operations are located primarily in the United States, however, all of our operations will be located in China. Since all of ouroperations and business takes place in China, it may be more difficult for the Staff of the SEC to overcome the geographic and cultural obstacles that are presentwhen reviewing our disclosure. These same obstacles are not present for similar companies whose operations or business take place entirely or primarily in theUnited States. Furthermore, our SEC reports and other disclosure and public pronouncements are not subject to the review or scrutiny of any PRC regulatoryauthority. For example, the disclosure in our SEC reports and other filings are not subject to the review of the CSRC, a PRC regulator that is tasked with oversight ofthe capital markets in China. Accordingly, you should review our SEC reports, filings and our other public pronouncements with the understanding that no localregulator has done any due diligence on our company and with the understanding that none of our SEC reports, other filings or any of our other publicpronouncements has been reviewed or otherwise been scrutinized by any local regulator. Proceedings instituted by the SEC against five PRCbased accounting firms could result in financial statements being determined to be not in compliance withthe requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.In December 2012, the SEC instituted proceedings under Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) of the SEC’s Rules of Practice against five PRCbased accounting firms alleging that thesefirms had violated U.S. securities laws and the SEC’s rules and regulations thereunder by failing to provide to the SEC the firms’ work papers related to their audits ofcertain PRCbased companies that are publicly traded in the United States. Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) grants to the SEC the authority to deny to any person, temporarily orpermanently, the ability to practice before the SEC who is found by the SEC, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, to have willfully violated, or willfully aidedand abetted the violation of, any such laws or rules and regulations. On January 22, 2014, an initial administrative law decision was issued, sanctioning four of theseaccounting firms and suspending them from practicing before the SEC for a period of six months. The sanction will not take effect until there is an order ofeffectiveness issued by the SEC. In February 2014, four of these PRCbased accounting firms filed a petition for review of the initial decision. In February 2015, eachof these four accounting firms agreed to a censure and to pay fine to the SEC to settle the dispute with the SEC. The settlement stays the current proceeding for fouryears, during which time the firms are required to follow detailed procedures to seek to provide the SEC with access to Chinese firms’ audit documents via the CSRC.If a firm does not follow the procedures, the SEC would impose penalties such as suspensions, or commence a new, expedited administrative proceeding against thenoncompliant firm or it could restart the administrative proceeding against all four firms.If our independent registered public accounting firm were denied, temporarily or permanently, the ability to practice before the SEC, and we are unable to find in atimely manner another registered public accounting firm which can audit and issue a report on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determinedto not be in compliance with the requirements for financial statements of public companies with a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the SEC’s revocation of the registration of our common stock under theExchange Act, which would cause the immediate delisting of our common stock from the NASDAQ Capital Market, and the effective termination of the tradingmarket for our common stock in the United States, which would likely have a significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.19Table of ContentsOur holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should we decide inthe future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depend upon the receipts of dividends or other payments fromour operating subsidiaries, other holdings, and investments. In addition, our operating subsidiaries, from time to time, may be subject to restrictions on their abilityto make distributions to us, including as a result of restrictive covenants in loan agreements, restrictions on the conversion of local currency into U.S. dollars orother hard currency, and other regulatory restrictions as discussed below. If future dividends are paid in RMB, fluctuations in the exchange rate for conversion ofRMB into U.S. dollars may reduce the amount received by the U.S. stockholders upon conversion of dividend payments into U.S. dollars.Chinese regulations currently permit the payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards andregulations. Our subsidiaries in China are also required to set aside a portion of their aftertax profits to fund certain reserve funds according to the Chineseaccounting standards and regulations. Currently, our subsidiaries in China are the only sources of revenues or investment holdings for the payment of dividends. Ifthey do not accumulate sufficient profits under Chinese accounting standards and regulations to satisfy certain reserve funds as required by the Chineseaccounting standards, we will be unable to pay any dividends.Aftertax profits/losses with respect to the payment of dividends from accumulated profits and the annual appropriation of aftertax profits as calculated pursuant tothe Chinese accounting standards and regulations do not result in significant differences as compared to aftertax earnings as presented in our financial statements.However, there are certain differences between PRC accounting standards and regulations and U.S. GAAP, arising from different treatment of items such asamortization of intangible assets and change in fair value of contingent consideration rising from business combinations.RISKS RELATED TO THIS OFFERING AND THE MARKET FOR OUR SECURITIES GENERALLYIf we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of NASDAQ, we would face possible delisting, which would result in a limited public market for ourshares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Our common stock is traded and listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “KBSF.” The common stock may be delisted if we fail to maintain certainNasdaq listing requirements. For instance, companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bidprice per share of $1.00 for 30 consecutive business days. On March 3, 2016, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the 30 consecutive businessdays between January 20, 2016 and March 2, 2016, the bid price of our common stock closed below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQListing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued inclusion on The NASDAQ Capital Market. In accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we had an initial graceperiod of 180 calendar days, or until August 30, 2016, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. After the Company effectuated a oneforfifteenreverse stock split of the outstanding common stock, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq on February 27, 2017 stating that because the Company maintainedthe closing bid price of its common stock at $1.00 per share or greater from February 9 to February 24, 2017, they determined that the Company has regainedcompliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement.We cannot ensure you that we will continue to comply with the requirements for continued listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If our commonstock is no longer listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market, our shares would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our shares could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, andsecurity analysts’ coverage of us may be reduced. In addition, in the event our shares are delisted, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed uponthem, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions in our shares, further limiting the liquidity of our shares. These factors could result in lowerprices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our shares. Such delisting from The NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our shareprice could also greatly impair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing, and could significantly increase the ownershipdilution to shareholders caused by our issuing equity in financing or other transactions.20Table of ContentsIf we were delisted from NASDAQ, we may become subject to the trading complications experienced by “Penny Stocks” in the overthecounter market.Delisting from NASDAQ may cause our shares of common stock to become the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. The SEC generally defines a penny stock as an equitysecurity that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. One such exemption is tobe listed on NASDAQ. The market price of our common stock is currently higher than $1.00 per share. However, because the daily trading volume in our commonstock is very low, significant price movement can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Therefore, were we to be delisted from NASDAQ,our common stock may become subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. These rules require, among other things, that any broker engaging in a purchase or sale ofour securities provide its customers with: (i) a risk disclosure document, (ii) disclosure of market quotations, if any, (iii) disclosure of the compensation of the brokerand its salespersons in the transaction and (iv) monthly account statements showing the market values of our securities held in the customer’s accounts. A brokerwould be required to provide the bid and offer quotations and compensation information before effecting the transaction. This information must be contained on thecustomer’s confirmation. Generally, brokers are less willing to effect transactions in penny stocks due to these additional delivery requirements. These requirementsmay make it more difficult for shareholders to purchase or sell our shares. Because the broker, not us, prepares this information, we would not be able to assure thatsuch information is accurate, complete or current.Trading in our shares over the last three months has been very limited, so our stock price is highly volatile, leading to the possibility that you may not be able tosell as much stock as you want at prevailing prices.Because approximately 70% of our then issued and outstanding shares of common stock was tendered in the tender offering closed on July 29, 2014, we currentlyhave a limited amount of shares eligible for public trading. The average daily trading volume in our common stock over the last three months is very limited. If limitedtrading in our common stock continues, it may be difficult for investors to sell their shares in the public market at any given time at prevailing prices. Moreover, themarket price for shares of our common stock may be made more volatile because of the relatively low volume of trading in our common stock. When trading volumeis low, significant price movement of our common stock can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Volatility in our common stock couldcause stockholders to incur substantial losses.Numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly.There are numerous additional factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly. Thesefactors include:●our earnings releases, actual or anticipated changes in our earnings, fluctuations in our operating results or our failure to meet the expectations of financialmarket analysts and investors;●changes in financial estimates by us or by any securities analysts who might cover our shares;●speculation about our business in the press or the investment community;●significant developments relating to our relationships with our customers or suppliers;●stock market price and volume fluctuations of other publicly traded companies and, in particular, those that are in our industries;●customer demand for our products;●investor perceptions of our industry in general and our company in particular;●the operating and stock performance of comparable companies;●general economic conditions and trends;●major catastrophic events;●announcements by us or our competitors of new products, significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships or divestitures;●changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretation or principles;●loss of external funding sources;●sales of our shares, including sales by our directors, officers or significant shareholders; and●additions or departures of key personnel.21Table of ContentsSecurities class action litigation is often instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their share price. This type of litigation could result insubstantial costs to us and divert our management’s attention and resources. Moreover, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price andvolume fluctuations for reasons unrelated to operating performance of particular companies. For example, in July 2008, the securities markets in the United States,China and other jurisdictions experienced the largest decline in share prices since September 2001. These market fluctuations may adversely affect the price of ourshares and other interests in our company at a time when you want to sell your interest in us.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and do not anticipate paying any cashdividends on our shares. Accordingly, investors must be prepared to rely on sales of their shares after price appreciation to earn an investment return, which maynever occur. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our shares. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion ofour Board of Directors, and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable laws, and otherfactors our board deems relevant.Certain of our shareholders hold a significant percentage of our outstanding voting securities.Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, is the beneficial owner of approximately 37% of our outstanding voting securities. As a result, hepossesses significant influence and can elect a majority of our board of directors and authorize or prevent proposed significant corporate transactions. Hisownership and control may also have the effect of delaying or preventing a future change in control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other businesscombination or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer.Our outstanding warrants may adversely affect the market price of our shares of common stock.There are currently 393,836 warrants outstanding. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50. The sale orpossibility of sale of the shares underlying the warrants could have an adverse effect on the market price for our shares of common stock or our ability to obtainfuture financing. If and to the extent these warrants are exercised, you may experience dilution to your holdings.You will not be able to exercise your redeemable warrants if we do not have an effective registration statement and a prospectus in place when you desire to doso.No redeemable warrants will be exercisable, and we will not be obligated to issue shares of common stock upon exercise of redeemable warrants by a holder unless,at the time of such exercise, we have a registration statement or posteffective amendment under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuableupon the exercise of the redeemable warrants and a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Under the terms of a redeemable warrant agreementbetween American Stock Transfer & Trust Company as warrant agent, and us, we have agreed to use our best efforts to have a registration statement in effectcovering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants from the date the redeemable warrants become exercisable and to maintain acurrent prospectus relating to shares of common stock until the redeemable warrants expire or are redeemed, and to take such action as is necessary to qualify theshares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants for sale in those states in which the IPO was initially qualified. However, we cannotassure you that we will be able to do so. We may be unable to have a registration statement in effect covering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of theredeemable warrants or to maintain a current prospectus relating to such shares of common stock if, for example, we lack the current financial statements necessaryto be included in such registration statement or prospectus. We have no obligation to settle the redeemable warrants for cash, in any event, and the redeemablewarrants may not be exercised and we will not deliver securities therefor in the absence of an effective registration statement and a prospectus available for use. Theredeemable warrants may be deprived of any value, the market for the redeemable warrants may be limited if there is no registration statement in effect covering theshares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the redeemable warrants or the prospectus relating to the shares of common stock issuable upon the exerciseof the redeemable warrants is not current and the redeemable warrants may expire worthless. If you are unable to exercise or sell your redeemable warrants, you willhave paid the full unit price for only the shares of common stock underlying the units.22Table of ContentsHolders of warrants included in the placement units may exercise these warrants even if an effective registration statement and a prospectus is not in place,which means they may be able to exercise such warrants while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.Unlike the warrants underlying the units issued in connection with our IPO, the warrants included in the placement units will not be restricted from being exercisedin the absence of a registration statement under the Securities Act in effect covering the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the such warrantsand a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Therefore, the holders thereof will be able to exercise such warrants regardless of whether the issuanceof the underlying shares of common stock is registered under the Securities Act, while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.We are a “foreign private issuer” and have disclosure obligations that are different than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. Therefore, you should notexpect to receive the same information about us as a U.S. domestic reporting company may provide. Furthermore, if we or lose our status as a foreign privateissuer, we would be required to fully comply with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers and incur significantoperational, administrative, legal, and accounting costs that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer.We are a foreign private issuer. As a result, we are not subject to certain of the requirements imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the SEC. For example, we arenot required by the SEC or the federal securities laws to issue quarterly reports or file proxy statements with the SEC. We are also allowed to file our annual reportwith the SEC within four months of our fiscal year end. We are also not required to disclose certain detailed information regarding executive compensation that isrequired from U.S. domestic issuers. Further, our directors and executive officers are not required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Securities Act. Asa foreign private issuer, we are also exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups ofinvestors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. We are, however, still subject to the antifraud and antimanipulation rules ofthe SEC, such as Rule 10b5. Since many of the disclosure obligations required of us as a foreign private issuer are different than those required by U.S. domesticreporting companies, our shareholders should not expect to receive all of the same types of information about us and at the same time as information is receivedfrom, or provided by, U.S. domestic reporting companies. We are liable for violations of the rules and regulations of the SEC, which do apply to us as a foreignprivate issuer. Violations of these rules could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain NASDAQ corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. Thismay afford less protection to holders of our securities.We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. As a foreign private issuer,we are permitted to follow the governance practices of our home country, the Republic of the Marshall Islands in lieu of certain corporate governance requirementsof Nasdaq. As result, the standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not requiredto:●have a compensation committee and a nominating committee to be comprised solely of “independent directors; and●hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the Company’s fiscal yearend.As a result, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.Future sales or perceived sales of our shares of common stock could depress our stock price.As of the date of this report, we have 2,591,299 shares of common stock outstanding. Many of these shares will become eligible for sale in the public market, subjectto limitations imposed by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. If the holders of these shares were to attempt to sell a substantial amount of their holdings at once, themarket price of our common stock could decline. Moreover, the perceived risk of this potential dilution could cause shareholders to attempt to sell their shares andinvestors to short the common stock, a practice in which an investor sells shares that he or she does not own at prevailing market prices, hoping to purchase shareslater at a lower price to cover the sale. As each of these events would cause the number of shares of our common stock being offered for sale to increase, ourcommon stock market price would likely further decline. All of these events could combine to make it very difficult for us to sell equity or equityrelated securities inthe future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.23Table of ContentsHolders of our securities may face difficulties in protecting their interests because we are incorporated under the Republic of the Marshall Islands law.We are a company incorporated under the laws of the Marshall Islands, and almost all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, majority of ourdirectors and officers, and their assets, are located outside of the United States. As a result, you may have difficulty serving legal process within the United Statesupon us or any of these persons. You may also have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside the United States, judgments you may obtain in U.S. courts against usor these persons in any action, including actions based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal or state securities laws. You may also have difficultybringing an original action in the appropriate court of the Marshall Islands to enforce liabilities against us or any person based upon the U.S. federal securities laws.Provisions of our articles of incorporation may impede a takeover or make it more difficult for shareholders to change the direction or management of theCompany, which could reduce shareholders’ opportunity to influence management of the Company.Our articles of incorporation permit our board of directors to issue up to five million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 from time to time, with suchrights and preferences as they consider appropriate. These terms may include voting rights including the right to vote as a series on particular matters, preferencesas to dividends and liquidation, conversion rights and redemption rights provisions. The issuance of any preferred stock could reduce the value of our commonstock. In addition, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell assets to, a third party. Theability of the board of directors to issue preferred stock could make it more difficult, delay, discourage, prevent or make it more costly to acquire or effect a changeincontrol, which in turn could prevent shareholders from recognizing a gain in the event that a favorable offer is extended and could materially and negatively affectthe market price of our common stock.ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANYA.History and Development of the CompanyWe are a Republic of the Marshall Islands Company incorporated under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BDA”) on January 26, 2012. We wereoriginally organized under the name “Aquasition Corp.” for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, orsimilar acquisition transaction, one or more operating businesses or assets. The address of the Company’s principal executive office is Xingfengge Building,Baogaiyupu Industrial Park, Shishi City, Fujian Province of china.On March 24, 2014, we entered into a share exchange agreement and plan of liquidation (the “Exchange Agreement”), with KBS International, Hongri International, athen wholly owned subsidiary of KBS International and Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, each an individual and shareholder of KBS International (each, a“Principal Stockholder”). The Exchange Agreement was subsequently amended on June 21, 2014. The transactions contemplated in the Exchange Agreement (the“Share Exchange”) were closed on August 1, 2014. At the closing, we acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interest in Hongri International from KBSInternational. In exchange, we issued an aggregate of 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company to KBS International. In addition, on July 29, 2014, wecompleted a tender offer related to the Share Exchange and redeemed the 332,116 shares of common stock validly tendered and not withdrawn. Pursuant to theExchange Agreement, KBS International was liquidated and dissolved in August 2014 and the 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company were distributed toeach shareholder of KBS International according to their respective ownership of KBS International. As a result, following the consummation of the Share Exchange,we had a total of 1,694,489 shares of common stock outstanding.24Table of ContentsOn October 31, 2014, we held a special shareholder meeting and amended our Articles of Incorporation to change our name to KBS Fashion Group Limited.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.On March 29, 2016, we granted an aggregate of 73,334 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their past services in 2015 and future services to be provided in 2016.On July 10, 2017, we granted an aggregate of 215,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company as compensationsfor their services.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their services.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 registered shares of common stock pursuant to our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to our executive officers,directors and certain employees as compensations for their services.On March 29, 2019, our board of directors approved the issuance of 15,000 shares of common stock to our Investor Relationship firm as compensation for theirservices. The issuance of the shares was made in reliance on the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), for theoffer and sale of securities not involving a public offering, and Regulation S promulgated thereunder. None of the shares have been registered under the Act andneither may be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.25Table of ContentsCorporate StructureAll of our business operations are conducted through our PRC subsidiaries. The chart below presents our corporate structure as of the date of this report. The Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regardingissuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.Our web site address is http://www.kbsfashion.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of thisAnnual Report.Principal Capital Expenditures and DivestituresFor the year ended December 31, 2018, our total capital expenditures and divestitures were $nil. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, our total capitalexpenditures and divestitures were $849,199 and $45,445, respectively. Such expenditures were primarily used construction of production facility and purchasing fireprotection facility. Our operating cash flow mainly funded these capital expenditures.B.Business OverviewWe are a leading casual menswear company in China with a demonstrated track record of designing, marketing, and selling our own line of fashion menswear. Ourproducts include men’s apparel, footwear and accessories, primarily targeting urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 in the Tier II and Tier III cities in China.Tier II cities generally refer to major cities located in each province of China other than the capital city of such province. Tier III cities generally refer to countylevelcities in China. Tier III cities that we focus on are the national top 100 county cities identified by the State Statistics Bureau of China each year. These cities arecharacterized by higher GDP, higher disposable income, better education and better infrastructure as compared with other countylevel cities.26Table of ContentsOur apparel products include outerwear, knitwear, denim, tops, bottoms, accessories and footwear. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products,each year with a different theme to highlight the current trends in menswear for the season.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by the company and 40 franchised stores operated by 14 third party distributors or their subdistributors. The number of stores has grown from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017and 2016, sales through our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues respectively, and sales through distributors and whole sellersaccounted for 73%, 66.5% and 78% of our revenues, respectively. Total revenue from corporate stores sales for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $7.0million for 2017 and $5.53 million for 2016.From 2009 through 2018, total net sales decreased from $28.1 million to $18.53 million while the net profit decreased from $9.0 million to a net loss of $8 million.Our Competitive StrengthsWe believe that the following competitive strengths enable us to compete effectively in and capitalize on the growing casual menswear industry in China.●There is a sizable market for our products. We believe that we have a sizeable potential market. Our target customers are male middleclass consumers inthe 2040 age range. According to the national census in 2018, the population in China between 1659 yearsold was approximately 900 million. Our targetgroup falls into this category and is estimated to be more than 200 million people. As a result of the growing affluence in the PRC and increased purchasingpower of the PRC population, we believe that PRC consumers are becoming more willing and able to purchase casual menswear. In addition, we believe thatthe purchasing decision of PRC consumers is becoming more predicated upon brand image, product design and style, rather than just price considerations.With rising affluence and improvement in lifestyle, we also believe the overall Chinese population is generally growing more brand name conscious andstyle oriented and has shown a propensity for increased spending on casual menswear.●We have a strong focus on design and product development. We believe that our inhouse design and product development capabilities allow us to createunique products that appeal to our customers. We have established a strong inhouse design and product development team of 20 employees as of April26, 2019. Our team identifies new fashion trends by attending fashion shows and exhibitions as well as by drawing from creative ideas in magazines andother media. Each spring and fall, we carefully plan and create a new product line for our fall/winter and spring/summer collections of 727 SKU thatencompasses our full range of product offerings, including outerwear, tops, bottoms and accessories. We introduce new design elements into our productlines each season. With our highly skilled and creative team of designers, we have extensive experience in creating unique designs to meet the preferencesand needs of our target customer base.●Our trademarked brand has earned a following in China. Our brand was developed in 2006. Our marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design andmade for Chinese.” Our customers are middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range. We believe that their products’ concept, marketing, design andpackaging fully match with the prowestern attitude and life styles of their target customers. We believe the KBS brand is essential to our success topenetrate to the casual menswear market in China.●We have an extensive and wellmanaged nationwide distribution network. We have an extensive distribution network throughout China. As of December31, 2018, we had 1 KBS branded corporate stores and 32 franchised stores across 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. TheKBS branded corporate stores are required to sell only our products. We have been building up our selected distributor network since 2007. As ofDecember 31, 2018, we had 11 distributors operating 32 franchised stores. All of our distributors have been working with us from 1 to 10 years. We selectour distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry, sales channels, business resources, brand promotioncapabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. Our distributors help us respond to changing consumer tastes in a timelymanner by providing regular feedback on our products at our semiannual sales fairs and frequent communications. The financial resources of ourdistributors allow us to expand our retail network with less working capital investment from us than would be required for establishing direct stores, as ourdistributors are responsible for the store rentals and cost of inventory in their stores. We sold a substantial amount of our products through ourdistributors, which have allowed us to distribute our products to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge ofour distributors and their sub distributors. We believe that our distribution network has enabled us to expand our business and increase our salesefficiently and with less operational risk. This model has also minimized our operational risk because we typically start production after we receive ordersfrom our distributors. We believe that using a distribution network to sell a substantial amount of our KBS products has enabled us to devote ourresources to our core competitive strengths of design, brand management and product development.27Table of Contents●We have an experienced management team. Our management team has extensive R&D, marketing and financial experience, led by our Chief ExecutiveOfficer, Mr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has over 27 years of experience in the apparel industry and also has developed a differentiated product by internationalcooperation with a Korean designer. After working in the garment industry for more than 16 years, Mr. Yan acquired and developed the KBS brand. Withhis strong understanding of the apparel industry, Mr. Yan has successfully established this brand name in the market. We are committed to attract andretain top management level executives who we believe are and will continue to be the driving force behind our product development and growth.Our Growth StrategyWe intend to further strengthen our market position in the casual menswear market in China by implementing the following strategies:●We plan to expand our online business and purchase one or more online sales platforms or online stores. Together with the change in consumer trends,online sales is now the most important sales channel in Chinese market and is becoming increasingly important globally. Sales from our stores anddistributors have been steadily decreasing, and we are now in the process of identifying the best possible ways to establish and expand our onlinebusiness. We plan to research and purchase one or more online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that KBS will have better opportunities toexpand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores in year 2019, and the management of KBS will keep on exploring other areas and businessmodels, such as the use of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends. We consider that ourpolicy to expand our outreach using new technologies will add significant shareholder value.●We plan to expand our OEM sales by attracting more reputable and longterm clients. We just had the renewal of a framework sales contract with twomajor current customers: Hangzhou Zhi Yin Apparel Clothes Co., Ltd and Hangzhou Yiyuan Apparel Co., Ltd. These two sales contracts are expected togenerate approximately RMB 28 million in total, of which RMB 20 million relates to Hangzhou Ziyin of new 450,000 orders and RMB 8 million relates toHangzhou Yiyuan of new 160,000 orders for this year. We are also expanding our OEM business and to get more clients, especially to focus on onlineproviders, as they have expanded their market share over the past years quickly together with the change in Chinese consumer’s preferences and occupy alarge market share. By the time when we start executing the orders, we expect that we can have sustainable and increasing business.●We plan to invest in a Greece Based Private Smart Tech Apparel Company. We signed a letter of intent with Tribe, one of the most innovative smartclothing technology companies internationally. If the transaction is consummated, we conceive that this investment will enhance and expand significantlyour client network and products offering. The smart clothing market is expected to surpass the 2 trillion US dollars in size in 2019 and we believe we are wellpositioned to capture a part of this market in the wider region.28Table of Contents●We plan to continue to raise the profile of the KBS brand through enhanced advertising and promotional activities. We believe that the strongassociation of KBS brand with our concept of “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese” has helped drive our brand positioning and customers’receptivity to our products. We intend to further build our brand and deliver a consistent brand image from product design to sales and marketing. We seekto promote and enhance our presence in China’s casual menswear market by continuing to adopt proactive marketing strategies and produce high quality,well designed casual menswear for our target market. In particular, we aim to increase awareness of our brand through: (1) multichannel advertisingstrategies through national television, fashion magazines, billboards and other media channels; (2) further assisting our distributors’ regional advertisingefforts; (3) distinctive store and product launch campaigns, including special events for new product launches and largescale grand opening events fornew stores, particularly new corporate stores; (4) update of the decoration and layout of a number of existing stores which have been in operation for yearsto improve the shopping experience; (5) participation in fashion shows; and (6) sponsorships of selected highimpact events. We believe that theseadvertising and promotional activities will help to further strengthen brand awareness in our target market and enhance customer loyalty.●We plan to expand and build upon our design and product development capabilities. We intend to further strengthen our design and productdevelopment capabilities by accelerating the commercialization of design concepts, expanding our product offerings and continuing to develop what webelieve is unique casual menswear. We plan to further invest in design and product development and expand our design and product development team byattracting talented designers, either domestic or international, and training young graduates from leading fashion design institutes. We believe thatcombining western fashion design experience with our local designer’s understanding of the China market and aesthetic will enable us to create fashionableyet popular casual menswear for consumers in China. We also intend to cooperate with our suppliers to develop new materials and fabrics which we believewill give customers a unique fashion product and create new market opportunities. We believe that our focus on designing unique and quality casualmenswear will allow us to maintain our competitiveness and help to enhance our sales and overall profitability.●We plan to expand our production capacity to expand and diversify our product offerings. Our production facility is located in Taihu City, AnhuiProvince, China, consisting of total 110,557 square meters of land. Currently this facility has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per yearand can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famous sportswear producers, some successful onlinebrand stores and fulfill some overseas orders. The construction of our facility commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases: Phase 1 consists of theconstruction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We have completed theconstruction of facilities for Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Although we have the designed capacity of 5 million pieces yearly, the facilitycurrently may only produce 2 million pieces per year. Phase 3 construction has been delayed because the local government needs additional time toconclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 canbe continued. Phase 4 will include production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quarters and livingfacilities. Upon completion, the new facility is expected to have a production capacity of 20 million pieces and accommodate 5,000 workers. Please see“Production” below for a more complete explanation of our plans for the expansion of our production capacity. We anticipate that the new productionfacility will allow us to further refine our existing product lines by offering more styles within our existing apparel and accessories categories and tointroduce additional, complementary apparel and accessories categories into our product line. We currently introduce 500 to 900 different styles ofproducts each year and intend to increase the number of our product offerings in the future.●We plan to expand our international market and attract more orders from overseas. Starting from year 2016, we have been awarded international OEMorders for producing clothes with overseas brands. Such orders are usually large and continuous. Due to the completion of phase 2 construction of ourAnhui factory, we have enough production capacity to take on large orders. The current utilization rate of the Anhui factory is still quite low and we expectto invest more in attracting more large orders from overseas.The KBS BrandWe are engaged in a highly competitive industry in which brand image and recognition is critical to attracting customers to purchase our products. We haveadopted KBS as a uniform brand name and image for all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. The KBS brand was created byMs. Qinghua Ye in 2006 and registered with the trademark administration authority in 2008. Subsequently, Ms. Ye assigned the KBS trademark to Hongri PRC in2008. In 2009, Hongri PRC transferred this trademark to France Cock, which then licensed such trademark back to Hongri PRC. Based on our sharp rise in revenuesince 2006, we believe that the KBS brand has gained a following in the casual menswear market in the cities where our products are sold.29Table of ContentsTo promote our brand, we have developed and implemented brand management policies in all of our corporate stores and franchised stores. Our brand managementpolicies set out detailed requirements for store decorations and display of products. This enables us to project a consistent brand image. In addition, each season,our design and product development team develops display concepts, including the presentation of our collections in the stores and the color schemes for thebackdrops. We also work closely with our distributors to supervise the daily operations of franchised stores through unscheduled visits to ensure that our brandmanagement policies are properly followed.We may suspend the supply of our products or terminate distribution agreements in the event that any of our distributors or their subdistributors consistently failsto comply with our brand management policies.Our ProductsOur apparel products include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, socks and caps. In 2018, thesuggested retail prices of our products ranged from RMB 15 to RMB1,599 (approximately $2 to $237) for our apparel products and RMB178 to RMB1599(approximately $26 to $236) for our accessory products. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products, each year with a different theme tohighlight the current trends in menswear for the season.Our DesignWe believe one of our key strengths is our internal design and product development team, which designs products that reinforce our brand image. Major parts ofour products are designed by our internal design and product development team with the collaboration of Korean designers. As of December 31, 2018, our designand product development team consisted of 20 members, including one senior designer with over five years of working experience. Final design concepts areapproved by Mr. Keyan Yan, who has more than 27 years of experience in the industry. All of the other designers are graduates of professional design schools inChina. We believe that our design and product development team is innovative and passionate and that the individual experience of each of our designers helpsbring new and exciting products to our customers. Our design and product development team conceptualizes each season’s collections through an interactiveprocess, taking into account our brand strategy, product image and market feedback, drawing inspirations from domestic and international fashion trends andcollaborating with both our suppliers and distributors to finetune our designs. In particular, we collaborate with our suppliers to develop a variety of materials andfabrics for our products. We also involve distributors in our product selection process to take advantage of their market intelligence, which helps us to adapt toconstantly changing customer preferences in local markets. Our designers also attend various domestic and international fashion shows to keep abreast of the latestfashion trends.Starting from year 2015, design of our products comes from three channels. In addition to designing products by our inhouse staff, we outsource to certainreputable designers. From time to time, our ODMs also will directly sell their designed products to us.In a typical year, we design and make around 1,500 prototypes. After the initial product selection, internal cost analysis of approved prototypes and final selectionby distributors at the sales fairs, we eventually select approximately 750 designs for mass production. Final design of all of our products will be approved by ourChairman, Mr. Yan.Our Distribution NetworkWe have established a nationwide distribution network consisting of corporate stores and franchised stores covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrallyadministered municipalities.Corporate StoresAs of December 31, 2018, we owned and operated 1 corporate store with the floor area of approximately 120 square meters. As part of our corporate strategy, weclosed 17 corporate stores in last two years because of the low profitability of certain corporate stores. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, salesthrough our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues, respectively.30Table of ContentsWe directly own and operate our corporate store. This direct control enables us to have closer relationship with our ultimate customers and better understanding ofmarket trends and consumer preferences. Required capital for opening of each store depends on the location and area of the designated store. On average, therenovation cost per store is around $67,000 and the first year of rent payment is around $140,000 including premium paid to the previous owner. Rental period variesfrom two to five years. The total capital required to open a new store is generally around $207,000 per store. Once negotiation of rent is concluded, it takes one totwo months to open up a store. We usually open up stores right before a peak season, such as labor holiday in May, National holiday in October and Chinese NewYear in January/February. On average, new stores break even after one to three months of operation.We currently have one standard designs for our corporate stores located in Fujian Province. They were considered as flagship stores for our distributors’ reference.Because in year 2016 and 2015 we closed some corporate stores, the inventories of these stores were cleared through promotion exhibitions we held in the thirdtiercities at lower prices.For corporate stores opened in second tier cities, we normally have a higher aesthetic standard compared with corporate stores in third and fourth tier cities. Wegenerally locate our corporate stores at street level to access high pedestrian flow. Normally, we will sell inseason stock in our secondtier city corporate stores. Oursecondtier city corporate stores are also designed to showcase our marketability to potential distributors so as to induce them to join our distributorship. For storesopened in the third and fourth tier cities, we normally sell some of our slowmoving or offseason stock at a discount due to our awareness of the generally lesseramount of disposable income available to residents of these cities. During certain times of the year, such as the New Year, Chinese New Year and Labor Day, we willorganize promotional discounts together with our franchised stores to attract more customers and increase our stock turnover.Franchised StoresWe sell a substantial amount of our products to our franchised distributors who in turn sell them to retail customers through KBS branded retail stores operated byour distributors or their subdistributors. Since 2013, we have also been selling products to 3 provincial distributors without their own stores, or the nostoredistributors, on a trial basis. We do not have any ownership in, or controlling relationship with, these franchised stores, but we have entered into distributionagreements with them in the Company’s standard form, pursuant to which we require distributors and their subdistributors to sell only KBS products in thesestores. Distributors are responsible for selecting and ordering products from us and overseeing the sales in the stores operated by them and their subdistributors.By selling directly to our distributors, we can recognize revenues upon delivery to our distributors and delegate the distribution responsibilities to our distributors.This allows us to distribute our merchandise to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge of our distributors and theirsubdistributors. This also minimizes our inventory and sales risks while allowing us to allocate our resources to our core competitive strengths of design, brandmanagement and product development. We believe that our cooperation with distributors has enabled us to expand our business and accelerate our sales growth atmuch lower costs and operational risk and achieve brand recognition throughout China.We have been building up our selected franchised distributor network since 2007. As of December 31, 2018, we had 11 franchised distributors who operated 32 retailstores directly or through their subdistributors, all of which were standalone stores, which were typically located in commercial centers, including departmentstores or shopping malls, in their cities. All these distributors have worked with us for about 1 to 8 years. We have not encountered any material dispute or financialdifficulty with our key distributors. The average floor area of each retail store was approximately 78 square meters as of December 2018. The number of retail storeshas grown significantly in recent years from 7 as of December 31, 2006, with the aggregate floor area increasing from 560 square meters as of December 31, 2006 to2,635 square meters as of December 31, 2018. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, sales through our distributors accounted for 73%, 63.3% and78% of our revenues, respectively. 31Table of ContentsDuring each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we had no customer exceeding 10% of our net sales.Sales generated by our five bestperforming franchised distributors accounted for approximately 29.3%, 23.8% and 28.3% of our revenues in the years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Those top distributors have been with us since 2007 or 2008 and have grown organically with us. At the same time,we are exploring more distributors in other regions including relatively small distributors to grow with their businesses. Although we rely on distributors for thesales and marketing of our products, we believe our business is not substantially dependent on any individual distributor.We are highly selective in appointing distributors. We select our distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry,sales channels, business resources, brand promotion capabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. We maintain good relationshipswith many regional or local distributor candidates which we identify through our internal research and external referrals but only appoint a handful of them tobecome our distributors. We evaluate the relevant experience of the distributor candidates in operating retail stores, their financial condition and sources of fundingrequired for the establishment of a regional distribution network and their ability to develop a network of retail stores in the designated distribution region of a givendistributor before we make any appointment.Once appointed, each distributor must enter into a distribution agreement with us. We do not own any interest in any of our distributors, their subdistributors orthe retail stores they operate. The distribution agreements we typically enter into with distributors do not allow us to be involved in the daily operating, financing orother activities of the distributors, except that distributors need to comply with our brand management policies and pricing and store management guidelines. Keyterms of our standard distribution agreement include:●Product Exclusivity. Our distributors are required to sell only our products at KBS branded retail outlets managed by them or authorized retailers.●Geographic Coverage. Distributors are granted exclusive rights to distribute our products (directly and indirectly through their subdistributors) in theretail stores within the specified geographic area with no overlapping of distributors within our distribution network. However, we retain the right to operatedirect stores anywhere regardless of whether we have appointed distributors there.●Duration. The distribution agreements generally have an initial term of one year and are renewable at our discretion after taking into account factors suchas compliance with our brand management policies and sales performance.●Distributor Pricing. Distributors agree to order our products at a discount from our suggested retail prices. The discounted wholesale prices todistributors are classified into the following three categories: provincial distributor at a discount of 35% of retail price, district distributor is 30% of retailprice and the wholesale distributor is 25% of retail price.●Minimum Purchase Requirement. Each of our distributors is customarily expected to purchase a minimum amount of our products for each trade fair heldbiannually according to their present and expected distribution network. The minimum is typically RMB800,000 (approximately $110,000) for each store.●Payment and Delivery. Normally, we expect distributors to pay us RMB0.5 million (approximately $74,000) to RMB1 million (approximately $148,148) as adeposit upon placing an order. Upon delivery of the orders, we will deduct amounts on deposit from the purchase price. For new and small districtdistributors, we normally require them to pay the balance before the delivery of its products. We may also accept payment on credit terms to the extentrequested by distributors experiencing working capital difficulties or encouraging them to order more. The amount and duration of credit granted to eachdistributor will depend on its financial position and creditworthiness. We handle the arrangements for delivery of our products, but the distributors arenormally expected to bear the related costs and expenses.32Table of Contents●Return of Products. We will only accept product returns from distributors for quality reasons and only if the distributors followed our standard proceduresin processing the returned products. So far, we have not experienced any product returns due to expressed quality reasons.●Retail Pricing. Other than at times when we launch promotional campaigns or adjust our strategies, distributors must adopt, and are required to procuretheir subdistributors to adopt, our suggested retail prices for products. Distributors must obtain our consent before launching any distributor specificspecial offers.●Brand Management. Distributors must comply with our brand management policies and store management guidelines. We may impose penalties, forfeitureof deposit, suspend supply of products and terminate the agreement in the event of any breach of such policies.●Termination. We may generally terminate the distribution agreements and seek indemnification in the event of breach by distributors. In the event of sometypes of breach, we may not terminate the agreement but have other remedies. For example, if a distributor fails to order all products provided for under thedistributorship agreement, we may instead impose forfeiture of deposit or withhold certain benefits.When opening new retail stores, our distributors conduct research on the market potential of the proposed retail sites, after which they will provide us with anapplication for opening a new retail store. In reviewing applications, we consider factors including the store location, store layout, available area, marketopportunities, competitors and estimated sales. We conduct selected onsite investigations to verify applications filed by our distributors. Our retail stores aregenerally located in convenient retail locations in their respective cities and thus benefit from high volumes of pedestrian traffic.Effective monitoring of distributors and their retail stores is critical to our success. We have a team in our marketing, sales and distribution department to monitorour distributors’ and their subdistributors’ performance, who conduct onsite inspections of selected retail stores each quarter without prior notice to ensurecompliance with our store management guidelines. According to the results of our inspections, we, from time to time, make suggestions to our distributors withrespect to the opening or closure of their retail stores. Distributors also need to submit to us their annual/ semiannual plans to estimate their orders for the nextseason and their plan to improve the performance of existing retail stores or expand by opening new retail stores. This reporting system enables us to access uptodate sales projections of our distributors and their subdistributors, which reflects the overall level of retail sales of our products. It also provides us with theexpansion plan of each distributor which helps us prepare our overall development plan in a more accurate manner.We invite our distributors, as well as a select number of their subdistributors and retail store managers, to attend our sales fairs, which are held twice a year. Duringthe sales fairs, we discuss with our distributors and their subdistributors the upcoming product line. Apart from participating in two sales fairs each year, ourdistributors visit us from time to time and contact us as necessary, which allows us to have access to updated market information. We also provide training fordistributors and their subdistributors in the areas of sales techniques, customer service and product knowledge, typically prior to the launch of our new collectionseach year. We believe that these investments help to improve the operations of the sales network and provide additional valueadded services to retain ourdistributors and their subdistributors.The following table lists by region the number of retail stores operated by distributors and subdistributors as of December 31, 2018:LocationAs ofDecember 31,2018Fujian6Guangdong2Guangxi3Jiangsu4Anhui2Chongqing4Tianjin3Hebei4Sichuan4Total3233Table of ContentsPricing PolicyWe sell our products to our distributors at uniform discounts from our suggested retail prices. We have a suggested retail price policy that applies to all our storesto help maintain brand image, ensure consistent pricing levels from region to region and prevent price competition among our distributors. In determining our pricingstrategies, we take into account market supply and demand, production cost and the prices of our competitors’ similar products. Our sales representatives collectand record the retail prices of our products sold by our retailers. We analyze the information collected and engage in discussions with our distributors to ensure thatthey follow our pricing policy. See “Franchised Stores” above.ProductionOriginally located in Shishi City in Fujian Province and started production in 2006, our production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China.The facility currently has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famoussportswear producers. Our production facility was operating at full capacity between 2009 and 2012. In 2014, we produced about 0.39 million units at the operatingcapacity of 19.5%; while in 2015,we produced about 0.48 million units at the operating capacity of 24%. In 2016, we produced about 0.54 million units at the operatingcapacity of 27%.In 2017 and 2018, we produced about 0.30 million and 0.49 million units at the operating capacity of 15% and 25%. Since 2011, we have been negotiating with the local government to acquire land use rights for our current facility consisting of 110,557 square meters. We obtaineda portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square meters and 2,440 square meters in March 2012 and May 2012, respectively, and have finishedthe construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factoryin year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with localresidents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. While we cannot guaranteewhen and whether the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land will be eventually completed, we believe we will be in a better position toschedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Once completed, our total production capacity of the facility isexpected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.All of the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers bear the brand name KBS. As of December 31, 2018, we had 3 ODM contractmanufacturers and 3 OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had 3 and 6 OEM contract manufacturers, respectively. Oursourcing strategy is based upon the quality of fabrics and workmanship that our customers expect from the KBS brand. The costs of our outsourced productionamounted to approximately $8.38 million, $10.94 million and$26.1 million for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, accounting forapproximately 27.3%, 31% and 66.8% of our total cost of sales in the respective periods.As of December 31, 2018, our principal ODM and OEM contract suppliers included the following:No.1Bai Tian Ni (Fujian) Clothing fabric Co. Ltd2Shishi Hua Lai Shi Clothing Co. Ltd3Jinjiang City Hongtawanheng trading Co. Ltd4Fujian Gumaite Clothing Technology Co. Ltd5Shishi Rongpeng Clothing Co. Ltd6Hubei Mingyuan Clothing Co. LtdWe are not materially reliant on any single ODM or OEM contract supplier.34Table of ContentsInventory ManagementWe recognize that controlling the level of inventory is important to our overall operational efficiency and cost control. Based on the purchase orders our distributorsand the department store chains place at our biannual sales fairs, we are able to anticipate the demand for our products in advance and plan ahead for our ownmanufacturing and the orders we will be required to place with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We generally plan purchases of raw materials and placemanufacturing orders with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers immediately after each of our two seasonal sales fairs, usually in May for our autumn andwinter products and in October for our spring and summer products, where we confirm sales orders with our distributors and department store chains. This enablesus and our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to have sufficient time, ranging from two to eight weeks, to produce the products and provide our productssuitable for a specific season to our distributors and department store chains on a justintime basis so as to minimize our inventory levels. The alternative way tocontrol cost is when if we have chance to buy materials which the price is much lower than market price, we will buy it in advance and give to OEM contractmanufactures use our material to produce.Quality ControlProduct quality control is a critical aspect of our business. Our dedicated quality control team performs various quality inspection and testing procedures, includingrandom sample testing at different stages of our production process, to ensure that our products meet or exceed the expectations of our consumers. We also performroutine product inspections on every batch of our products and sample testing to ensure consistent quality of our products, including semifinished and finishedproducts.We have implemented a centralized system for procurement and inspection of raw materials and ancillary components to help ensure a stable and high qualitysupply. Those materials and components that fail to meet our tests may be returned to the suppliers for replacement. Our quality control team also carries out qualitycontrol procedures on the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We conduct onsite inspections of our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers before we enter into business relationships with them. We also send our inhouse quality control staff onsite to our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers to monitor the entire production process. The initial product inspections are performed onsite by our staff before these products are shipped to ourheadquarters for further inspection and storage in our warehouse. We also provide technical training to ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to assist them withquality control of the production processes and inspect preproduction samples and finished products from ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We have notencountered any material disruptions to our business as a result of the failure of any of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to meet our quality standards.In order to further improve the quality of our products and shorten our delivery cycle, we intend to increase our control over the manufacturing process andproduction cycle of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers, primarily by requiring our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to implement stricter and morecomprehensive quality control procedures, which cover each stage of the production process, from raw material selection and procurement to finished productspackaging and delivery. We also intend to apply more stringent standards for inspecting products manufactured for us by our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers.Marketing and AdvertisingWe have conducted multichannel marketing campaigns to advertise our products to our target customers through advertising in newspapers, magazines, theInternet, and billboards, and organizing regular and frequent instore marketing activities and road shows.We have implemented strict requirements on our distributors with respect to the display and promotion of our products to ensure consistent branding and enhancemarketing results. Our distributors are required to ensure that our marketing strategies are implemented at the retail outlets managed or authorized by them, includingdisplaying our products according to our specifications and using our billboard advertisements. We also assign sales representatives to monitor the instoredisplays of our products at various retail outlets on a regular basis to help ensure that our retailers have followed our product display policies.In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 our total advertising and promotional expenses amounted to approximately $1.21 million, $1.59 million and $1.55million, respectively, which accounted for approximately 6.6%, 7.5% and 3.8% of our revenues in the respective periods.35Table of ContentsCompetitionThe menswear industry in China is a fragmented industry. Competition mainly comes from local market players such as Exceed, Xiniya, Zuoan and Cabbeen. Webelieves that we differentiate ourselves by providing more fashionable, youngerlooking and leisure products, and competitive pricing without giving up the casualfeel of our products.We compete primarily on the basis of product design, brand recognition, operational efficiency and a low cost structure. Some of our domestic competitors have astronger customer base, greater resources and more industry expertise than us. However, we believe that we can continue to successfully compete with our localcompetitors due to our unique product designs.Intellectual PropertyWe currently have the licenses to use two registered trademarks in the PRC.The registered trademarks on which we have licenses are the following:TrademarkRegistration No.Valid TermKBS4342760Jan 1, 2019 August 28, 2028Ka bi sports5462336March 14, 2010 March 12,2020We believe that these trademarks provide significant value as they are important for marketing and building brand recognition. We are not aware of any third partycurrently using trademarks similar to our trademarks in the PRC on the same products.InsuranceWe do not have any business liability, interruption or litigation insurance coverage for our operations in China. Insurance companies in China offer limited businessinsurance products. While business interruption insurance is available to a limited extent in China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of suchinsurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance.Therefore, we are subject to business and product liability exposure. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—We have limited insurance coverage inChina and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses.”RegulationBecause our primary operating subsidiaries are located in China, we are subject to China’s national and local laws detailed below. We believe that we are in materialcompliance with all registrations and requirements for the issuance and maintenance of all licenses required by the governing bodies and that all license fees andfilings are current. This section summarizes the major PRC regulations relating to our business.Regulations Relating to Foreign InvestmentInvestment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are mainly governed by the Guidance Catalog of Industries for Foreign Investment (2017 revision), or theCatalog, which was promulgated jointly by MOFCOM and the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, on June 28, 2017 and entered into forceon July 28, 2017. The Catalog divides industries into four categories in terms of foreign investment, which are “encouraged,” “restricted,” and “prohibited,” and allindustries that are not listed under one of these categories are deemed to be “permitted.” Establishment of wholly foreignowned enterprises is generally allowed inencouraged and permitted industries. Some restricted industries are limited to equity or contractual joint ventures, while in some cases Chinese partners are requiredto hold the majority interests in such joint ventures. In addition, foreign investment in restricted category projects is subject to government approvals. Foreigninvestors are not allowed to invest in industries in the prohibited category. Industries not listed in the Catalogue are generally open to foreign investment unlessspecifically restricted by other PRC regulations.36Table of ContentsIn June 2018, MOFCOM and NDRC promulgated the Special Management Measures (Negative List) for the Access of Foreign Investment, or the Negative List,effective July 2018. The Negative List expands the scope of permitted industries by foreign investment by reducing the number of industries that fall within theNegative List where restrictions on the shareholding percentage or requirements on the composition of board or senior management still exists. Foreign investmentin valueadded telecommunications services (except for ecommerce) falls within the Negative List.In October 2016, MOFCOM issued the Interim Measures for Recordfiling Administration of the Establishment and Change of Foreigninvested Enterprises, or FIERecordfiling Interim Measures, most recently amended in July 2017. Pursuant to FIE Recordfiling Interim Measures, the establishment and change of foreigninvested enterprises are subject to recordfiling procedures, instead of prior approval requirements, provided that such establishment or change does not involvespecial entry administration measures. If the establishment or change of foreigninvested enterprises matters involve the special entry administration measures, theapproval of the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterparts is still required.Regulations Relating to Product QualityThe principal legal provisions governing product liability are set forth in the PRC Product Quality Law, which was promulgated in February 1993 by the SCNPC andamended in July 2000 and August 2009.The PRC Product Quality Law stipulates the responsibilities and obligations of product sellers and producers. Violations of the PRC Product Quality Law may resultin the imposition of fines. In addition, the seller or producer may be ordered to suspend its operations, and its business license may be revoked. There may also bePART IPART IIPART III20F 1 f20f2018_kbsfashiongroup.htm FORM 20FUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F(Mark One)☐REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ___________ to ___________OR¨SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report:Commission file number: 00135715KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)Not Applicable(Translation of Registrant’s Name Into English)Republic of the Marshall Islands(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)Xin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of China(Address of Principal Executive Offices)Mr. Keyan Yan, Chief Executive OfficerXin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of ChinaTel: + (86) 595 8889 6198Fax: (86) 595 8850 5328(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of Each ClassName of Each Exchange On Which RegisteredCommon Stock, $0.0001 par valueNASDAQ Capital MarketSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.Units, Common Stock Purchase Warrants(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.None(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report(December 31, 2018): 2,271,299Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐No ☒If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of“large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large Accelerated Filer ☐Accelerated Filer ☐NonAccelerated Filer ☒Emerging Growth Company☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting StandardsCodification after April 5, 2012.Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:U.S. GAAP ☐International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting StandardsBoard ☒Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ☐ Item17 ☐Item 18If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒Annual Report on Form 20FYear Ended December 31, 2018TABLE OF CONTENTSPageITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS2A.Directors and Senior Management2B.Advisors2C.Auditors2ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE2A.Offer Statistics2B.Method and Expected Timetable2ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATION2A.Selected Financial Data2B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY24A.History and Development of the Company24B.Business Overview26C.Organizational Structure42D.Property, Plants and Equipment43ITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS44ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS44A.Principal Factors Affecting Financial Performance45B.Liquidity and Capital Resources50C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.51D.Trend Information51E.Off Balance Sheet Arrangements51F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations52G.Safe Harbor62ITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES63A.Directors and Senior Management63B.Compensation64C.Board Practices65D.Employees66E.Share Ownership66ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS67A.Major Shareholders67B.Related Party Transactions67C.Interests of Experts and Counsel67iTable of ContentsITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATION67A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information67B.Significant Changes68ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTING68A.Offer and Listing Details68B.Plan of Distribution68C.Markets68D.Selling Shareholders68E.Dilution68F.Expenses of the Issue68ITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATION69A.Share Capital69B.Memorandum and Articles of Association69C.Material Contracts71D.Exchange Controls71E.Taxation74F.Dividends and Paying Agents79G.Statement by Experts79H.Documents on Display79I.Subsidiary Information79ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK79ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES80A.Debt Securities80B.Warrants and Rights80C.Other Securities80D.American Depositary Shares80ITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES81ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS81ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES81A.Disclosure Controls and Procedures81B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting81C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm81D.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting82ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT82ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICS82ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES82ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES82ITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS83ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT83ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCE83ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE83ITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 19.EXHIBITS84iiTable of ContentsINTRODUCTORY NOTESUse of Certain Defined TermsExcept as otherwise indicated by the context and for the purposes of this report only, references in this report to:●“KBS,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” are to KBS Fashion Group Ltd., a company organized in the Republic of the Marshall Islands;●““KBS International,” refers to KBS International Holding Inc., a Nevada corporation, which was dissolved in August 2014;●“Hongri PRC,” refers to Hongri (Fujian) Sports Goods Co., Ltd., which is our wholly owned subsidiary organized in the PRC;●“Hongri International” are to Hongri International Holdings Limited, which is our wholly owned subsidiary and a company organized in the BVI;●“BVI” are to the British Virgin Islands;●“Hong Kong” are to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China;●“PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China;●“SEC” are to the Securities and Exchange Commission;●“Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;●“Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;●“Renminbi” and “RMB” are to the legal currency of China; and●“U.S. dollars,” “dollars” and “$” are to the legal currency of the United States.ForwardLooking InformationIn addition to historical information, this report contains forwardlooking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of theExchange Act. We use words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “target,” “plan,” “optimistic,” “intend,” “aim,” “will” or similar expressions whichare intended to identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, among others, those concerning market and industry segment growth and demandand acceptance of new and existing products; any projections of sales, earnings, revenue, margins or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategiesand objectives of management for future operations; and any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, as well as all assumptions,expectations, predictions, intentions or beliefs about future events. You are cautioned that any such forwardlooking statements are not guarantees of futureperformance and involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions, which, if they were to ever materialize or prove incorrect, could cause the results of theCompany to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forwardlooking statements. Potential risks and uncertainties include, among other things, thepossibility that we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues and profits due to our failure to anticipate consumer preferences and develop newmenswear products, our failure to execute our business expansion plan, changes in domestic and foreign laws, regulations and taxes, changes in economicconditions, uncertainties related to China’s legal system and economic, political and social events in China, a general economic downturn, a downturn in thesecurities markets, and other risks and uncertainties which are generally set forth under Item 3 “Key information—D. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and our other filings with the SEC. These reports attempt toadvise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects. The forwardlookingstatements made in this report speak only as of the date hereof and we disclaim any obligation, except as required by law, to provide updates, revisions oramendments to any forwardlooking statements to reflect changes in our expectations or future events.On February 3, 2017, approved by the shareholders, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen (1for15) reverse stock split of the Company’s issued andoutstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided that shareholders are entitled to receive the number ofshares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Stock Market on a splitadjusted basis when themarket opened on February 9, 2017. All references in this report to share and per share data have been adjusted, including historical data which have beenretroactively adjusted, to give effect to the reverse stock split unless specified otherwise.1Table of ContentsPART IITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERSA.Directors and Senior ManagementNot applicable.B.AdvisorsNot applicable.C.AuditorsNot applicable.ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLEA.Offer StatisticsNot applicable.B.Method and Expected TimetableNot applicable.ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATIONA.Selected Financial DataThe following table presents selected financial data regarding our business. It should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and relatednotes contained elsewhere in this annual report and the information under Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” The selected consolidatedstatements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, and the selected consolidated statements of financialposition data as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are included in this annual reportbeginning on page F1. The selected consolidated statements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the selectedconsolidated statements of financial position data as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements thatare not included in this annual report.Our consolidated financial statements were prepared and presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by theInternational Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The selected financial data information is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the historicalconsolidated financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere herein. The financial statements contained elsewhere fully represent our financial conditionand operations; however, they are not indicative of our future performance.2Table of ContentsYears ended December 31,20182017201620152014Statement of Income DataTotal revenue$18,535,116$23,762,536$41,200,205$61,343,681$58,832,481Total cost of sales(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)(46,511,274)(39,416,973)Gross profit(2,316,136)(11,511,816)2,158,27214,832,40719,415,508Distribution and selling expenses(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)(6,621,256)(7,191,606)Administrative expenses(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)2,798,082(4,649,229)Profit for the year(17,968,597)(14,815,596)(11,902,688)1,243,6706,876,982Total comprehensive income for the year(20,040,295)(10,004,880)(18,028,121)(4,801,102)6,526,172Outstanding shares2,299,9151,860,8311,750,1421,694,4891,694,489Earnings per share, basic diluted8.067.966.800.734.06Balance Sheet DataCash and cash equivalents$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,341$21,214,080$20,604,583Noncurrent assets29,837,87540,966,31934,754,94247,221,52952,929,386Current assets31,328,13140,343,38656,343,82362,098,95162,093,570Working capital24,463,44633,060,87748,647,18553,598,85452,704,076Total assets61,166,00681,309,70591,098,765109,310,480115,022,956Current liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,500,0979,389,493Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,503,5069,404,880Equity54,301,32174,027,19683,402,127100,816,974105,618,076B.Capitalization and IndebtednessNot applicable.C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of ProceedsNot applicable.D.Risk FactorsAn investment in our capital stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the otherinformation included in this annual report, before making an investment decision. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial conditionor results of operations could suffer. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.3Table of ContentsRISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSGeneral economic conditions, including a prolonged weakness in the economy, may affect consumer discretionary spending, which could adversely affect ourbusiness and financial performance.The apparel industry has historically been subject to substantial cyclical variations. Our business and financial performance are dependent on a number of factorsimpacting consumer discretionary spending, including general economic and business conditions; consumer confidence; wages and employment levels; thehousing market; consumer debt levels; availability of consumer credit; credit and interest rates; fuel and energy costs; energy shortages; taxes; general politicalconditions, both domestic and abroad. Consumer product purchases, including purchases of our products, may decline during recessionary periods. Our ability toaccess the capital markets may be restricted at a time when we would like, or need, to raise capital, which could impair on our ability to open additional stores orbuild additional manufacturing lines. In addition, as domestic and international economic conditions change, trends in consumer spending on discretionary items,including our merchandise, become unpredictable and subject to reductions due to economic uncertainties. A prolonged economic recovery or an uncertain outlookin the economy could result in additional declines in consumer discretionary spending, which could materially affect our financial performance.A contraction in apparel sales and production could impair our results of operations and liquidity and jeopardize our supply base.Apparel sales and production are cyclical and depend, among other things, on general economic conditions and consumer spending and preferences. As thevolume of apparel production fluctuates, the demand for our products also fluctuates. A contraction in apparel sales could harm our results of operations andliquidity. In addition, our suppliers would also be subject to many of the same consequences which could pressure their results of operations and liquidity.Depending on an individual supplier’s financial condition and access to capital, its viability could be challenged which could impact its ability to perform as weexpect and consequently our ability to meet our own commitments.If we are unable to anticipate consumer preferences and develop new menswear products, we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues andprofits.Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define apparel trends as well as to anticipate, gauge and react to changing consumer demands formenswear in a timely manner. Our target market of consumers comprises urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 with moderatetohigh levels of disposableincome. Our business is particularly sensitive to their fashion preferences, which cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumeracceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, and our future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes. If we failto anticipate accurately and respond to trends and shifts in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing product offerings, developing new products,designs, styles and categories, we could experience lower sales, excess inventories and lower profit margins. In a distressed economic and retail environment, manyof our competitors may engage in aggressive activities, such as markdowns or other promotional sales to dispose of excess, slowmoving inventory, furtherincreasing the need to react appropriately to changing consumer preferences and fashion trends. Failure to do so could adversely affect the level of acceptance ofour products, our brand image and our relationship with our distributors, and therefore have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results ofoperations.The apparel industry is highly competitive, and if we fail to compete effectively, we could lose our market position.The menswear industry is highly competitive in China and worldwide. We compete with various domestic brands with similar business models and target markets.We also compete with a growing number of international brands trying to expand their market share in China to take advantage of rising consumer spending oncasual menswear. Our primary international and domestic competitors include Exceed, Xiniya, Cabbeen, GXG and NQ. Some of our competitors are significantlylarger and have greater financial resources than we do. In order to compete effectively, we must: (1) maintain the image of our brands and our reputation forinnovation and high quality; (2) be flexible and innovative in responding to rapidly changing market demands on the basis of brand image, style, performance andquality; and (3) offer consumers a wide variety of high quality products at competitive prices.4Table of ContentsThe purchasing decisions of consumers are highly subjective and can be influenced by many factors, such as brand image, marketing programs and productfeatures. Some of our competitors enjoy competitive advantages, including greater brand recognition and greater financial resources for competitive activities, suchas sales, marketing and strategic acquisitions. The number of our direct competitors and the intensity of competition may increase as we expand into other productlines or as other companies expand into our product lines. Our competitors may enter into business combinations or alliances that strengthen their competitivepositions or prevent us from taking advantage of such combinations or alliances. Our competitors also may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than wecan to new or changing opportunities, standards or consumer preferences. Our results of operations and market position may be adversely impacted by ourcompetitors and the competitive pressures in the menswear industries.Failure to effectively promote or develop our brand could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.We sell all our products under the KBS brand, from which we derive most of our revenues. Brand image is an important factor that affects a customer’s purchasingdecision for menswear products. Our success therefore depends on, among other things, market recognition and acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture,lifestyle, and images associated with the brand, some of which may not be within our control. We have limited control over our distributors that we rely upon to sellour products, which may limit our ability to ensure a consistent brand image. See “Risks Factors Related to Our Business –We have limited control over the ultimateretail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhere to, or fail to cause the third party retail outletoperators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.” We began designing, promoting, and selling KBS branded products in China in 2006. To effectivelypromote KBS brand, we need build and maintain the brand image by focusing on a variety of promotional and marketing activities to promote brand awareness, aswell as to increase its presence in the markets in which we compete. There is no assurance that we will be able to effectively promote or develop KBS brand, and ifwe fail to do so, the goodwill of KBS brand may be undermined and our business as well as our financial results may be adversely affected. In addition, negativepublicity or disputes regarding KBS brand, products, company, or management could materially and adversely affect public perception of KBS brand. Any impact onour ability to continue to sell KBS brand or any significant damage to KBS brand’s image could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends on the continued service of our senior executives and other key employees. In particular, we rely on the expertise, experience,and business contacts, of Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ms. Lixia Tu, our Director and Chief Financial Officer and Mr. ThemisKalapotharakos, our director. If one or more of our senior executives are unable or unwilling to continue to work for us in their present positions, we may have tospend a considerable amount of time and resources searching, recruiting, and integrating the replacements into our operations, which would substantially divertmanagement’s attention from and severely disrupt the Company business. This may also adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategy. Moreover, ifany of our senior executives joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, suppliers and key employees.Failure to execute our business expansion plan could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.A large part of our initial growth resulted from an increase in the number of our retail sales outlets, including corporate and franchised stores, and the increased salesvolume and profitability provided by these sales outlets. The number of our sales outlets increased from 8 in 2006 to 33 in year 2018.5Table of ContentsWe have our factory located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China, consisting of an aggregate of 110,457 square meters of land. Currently the facility there has aproduction capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year and can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces original equipmentmanufacturer (OEM) products for online stores, regional apparel brands and overseas orders. The construction commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases:Phase 1 consists of the construction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We havecompleted the construction of facilities of Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Phase 3 construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has beendelayed because the local government needs additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Because the time forthe government to resolve this matter is uncertain, we wrote off the land use right of the third parcel of land from account balance, according to the internationalframework reporting standard. Phase 4 includes building production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quartersand living facilities on the third parcel of land. As a result, our commitments to this facility may reduce our liquidity for an indefinite period and until it is completed.We could also indefinitely lose opportunities to expand our sales due to any further delay of our construction.The decision to increase our production capacity was based in part on our projections of market demand for our products and OEM orders from other brand nameowners. If actual customer demand does not meet our projections, we will likely suffer overcapacity problems and may have to leave capacity idle or need to contractout our facilities at an unfavorable price, which may reduce our overall profitability and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our futuresuccess depends on our ability to expand the Company’s business to address growth in demand for our current and future products.Our ability to expand the Company’s business is subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including:●the unavailability of additional funding to invest more in brand recognition such as advertisement, expand our production capacity, purchase additionalfixed assets and purchase raw materials on favorable terms or at all;●our inability to manage an online shop, hire qualified personnel and establish distribution methods;●conditions in the commercial real estate market existing at the time we seek to expand;●delays and cost overruns as a result of a number of factors, many of which may be beyond our control, such as problems with equipment vendors andcontract manufacturers;●failure to maintain high quality control standards;●shortage of raw materials;●our inability to obtain, or delays in obtaining, required approvals by relevant government authorities;●diversion of significant management attention and other resources; and●failure to execute our expansion plan effectively.The expansion of our business may place significant strain on our personnel, management, financial systems and operational infrastructure and may impede ourability to meet any increased demand for our products. To accommodate the Company’s growth, we will need to implement a variety of new and upgradedoperational and financial systems, procedures, and controls, including improvements to our accounting and other internal management systems, by dedicatingadditional resources to our reporting and accounting function and improvements to our record keeping and contract tracking system. We will also need to recruitmore personnel and train and manage our growing employee base. Furthermore, we will need to maintain and expand relationships with our current and futurecustomers, suppliers, distributors and other third parties, and there is no guarantee that we will succeed.In the future, we also intend to invest more resources to research and purchase online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that we will have betteropportunities to expand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores. In addition, we will keep on exploring other areas and business models, such as theuse of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends.If we encounter any of the risks described above or if we are otherwise unable to establish or successfully operate online shops or additional production capacity,we may be unable to grow our business and revenues, reduce our operating costs, maintain our competitiveness or improve our profitability and, consequently, ourbusiness, financial condition, results of operations and prospects will be adversely affected.6Table of ContentsIf we are unable to fund capital expenditures or obtain additional sources of liquidity when we need it, our business may be adversely affected. In addition, ifwe obtain equity financing, the issuance of our equity securities could cause dilution for our stockholders. To the extent we obtain the financing through theissuance of debt securities, our debt service obligations could increase, and we may become subject to restrictive operating and financial covenants.We anticipate that we will make substantial capital investments to expand our business within the next 3 years. There is no assurance that we will have sufficientcash to fund our anticipated capital expenditures. If we need but are unable to obtain adequate financing with on terms favorable to us, we may be unable tosuccessfully maintain our operations and accomplish our growth strategy. In addition, we may be unable to generate sufficient cash internally or obtain alternativesources of capital to fund our proposed capital expenditures, take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures. As a result, we mayseek to sell additional equity securities, debt securities, or borrow from lending institutions. Any issuance of equity securities could cause dilution for ourstockholders. Any incurrence of indebtedness could increase our debt service obligations and cause us to be subject to restrictive operating and financecovenants. Our ability to obtain external financing in the future is also subject to a number of uncertainties, including:●Our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;●general market conditions for financing activities by companies in our industry;●economic, political and other conditions in China and elsewhere; and●uncertain economic prospect and tightened credit markets resulting from the recent global economic slowdown and financial market crisis.If we are unable to obtain funding in a timely manner or on commercially acceptable terms, or at all, our growth prospects and future profitability may be materiallyadversely affected. Adverse changes in the capital markets could make it difficult to obtain capital or obtain it at attractive rates.Our past results may not be indicative of our future performance and evaluating our business and prospects may be difficult.Our business has gone through various stages of the business life cycle in recent years as demonstrated by our growth in net sales, which reached $99.6 million forthe year ended December 31, 2013, while in 2014 our net sales decreased by 40% to $58.8 million and in year 2015 net sales went up slightly by 4.3% to $61.3 million,our net sales decreased by 32.8% to $41.2 million in 2016, net sales decreased 42% to $23.8 million in 2017 and net sales further decreased 22% to $18.53 million in2018. The decrease in sales in 2016, 2017 and 2018 as compared with 2013 was mainly due to the slowdown of the Chinese economic growth and a challenging retailenvironment. As a result, we cannot assure that we will be able to achieve similar growth in future periods as recent years before 2014, and our historical operatingresults may not provide a meaningful basis for evaluating our business, financial performance and prospects. Moreover, our ability to achieve satisfactoryproduction results at higher volumes is unproven. Therefore, you should not rely on our past results or our historical rate of growth as an indication of our futureperformance.We experience fluctuations in operating results.Our annual and quarterly operating results have fluctuated, and are expected to continue to fluctuate. Among the factors that may cause our operating results tofluctuate are customers’ response to merchandise offerings, the timing of the rollout of new sales outlets, seasonal variations in sales, the timing of merchandisereceipts, the level of merchandise returns, changes in merchandise mix and presentation, our cost of merchandise, unanticipated operating costs, and other factorsbeyond our control, such as general economic conditions and actions of competitors.We have historically experienced seasonal fluctuations in our sales. A substantial portion of our revenues are typically earned during the second and fourthquarters and we generally experience lowest revenues during the first and third quarters. If sales during the second and fourth quarters are lower than expected, ouroperating results would be adversely affected, and it would have a disproportionately large impact on our annual operating results. The sales of our products arealso affected by local spending behavior, which are typically affected by seasonal shopping patterns during major Chinese holidays.7Table of ContentsAs a result of these factors, we believe that periodtoperiod comparisons of historical and future results will not necessarily be meaningful and should not be reliedon as an indication of future performance.Our failure to collect the trade receivables or untimely collection could affect our liquidity.Our distributors place advance purchase orders twice a year. From 2015 to 2018, we typically expect and receive payment within 30180 days of product delivery. Inaddition, approximately 83.2% of accounts receivables are within a 180 days credit term. Starting in September 2015, we extended credit to some of our customers to150180 days without requiring collaterals. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of the financial condition of our customers and we generally require no collateralfrom our distributors and authorized retailers to secure their payment obligations. However, our sales going forward may rely more heavily on credit, and if weencounter future problems collecting amounts due from our clients or if we experience delays in the collection of amounts due from our clients, our liquidity could benegatively affected.The Chinese economy experienced a softening of economic growth, and the apparel industry is also facing a downturn. The impact of the current and possiblefuture economic downturn on our distributors cannot be predicted and may be severe, causing a significant impact on their business. As a result, our financialcondition and result of operations could be negatively affected. In addition, if they cannot continue their orders of our products due to the failure of paying us forits previous purchases, our brand image and reputation may be materially negatively affected as well.We rely on distributors for a substantial portion of our sales and the loss of any of our large distributors would harm our business. A substantial portion of our sales are made to distributors that resell our products. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, distributors accounted forapproximately 67% and 73% of our total sales, respectively, and our top five distributors accounted for approximately 23.8% and 34.8% of our total sales,respectively. The marketing efforts of our distributors are critical for our success. If we fail to attract additional distributors, and our existing distributors do notpromote our products at the same or at a greater level than the products of our competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could beadversely affected.Furthermore, there is no assurance that any of our distributors will satisfy the sales targets set forth in their distribution agreements and we or they may not wish torenew the distribution agreements in future years. Moreover, our distributors are not obliged to continue to place orders with the Company at the same level asbefore or at all and there is no assurance that we would be able to obtain orders from other distributors to replace any such lost sales on terms satisfactory to us orall. If any of our largest distributors substantially reduces its purchases from us, or otherwise fails to renew its distribution agreement with us, we may suffer asignificant loss of sales and our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We have limited control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhereto, or fail to cause the third party retail outlet operators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.We rely on the contractual obligations set forth in the distribution agreements that we enter into with our distributors, as well as policies and standards we formulatefrom time to time, to impose our retail policies on these distributors in respect of the franchisee retail outlets. In addition, as we do not enter into any agreementswith the third party retail outlet operators, we rely on our distributors to ensure that these franchisee retail outlets operate in accordance with our retail policies. Assuch, our control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and the franchisee retail outlet operators is limited. There is no assurance that our distributors orthe third party franchisee retail outlet operators will comply with, or that the distributors will enforce, our retail policies. As a result, we may not be able to effectivelymanage our sales network or maintain a uniform brand image, and cannot assure you that franchisee retail outlets would continue to offer quality services toconsumers.8Table of ContentsIn addition, if any of the distributors or third party franchisee retail outlet operators experiences difficulties in selling our products in the retail market, they mayattempt to disregard our pricing policies and liquidate their excessive inventory buildup through aggressive discounts, which may damage the image and the valueof our brand. There is no assurance that we will be able to, in a timely manner, impose penalties on or replace any distributors who consistently fail to comply with,or fail to cause the third party franchisee retail outlet operators appointed by them to comply with, our retail policies in their operation of franchisee retail outlets. Insuch event, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We may not be able to accurately track the inventory levels at our distributors, retailers or department store concessions.Our ability to track the sales by our distributors to thirdparty retailers and the ultimate retail sales by the retailers, and consequently their respective inventorylevels, is limited. We implement a policy to require our distributors to provide us with their sales reports on a weekly basis and we carry out random onsiteinspections of our distributors to track their inventories. The purpose of tracking the inventory level is mainly to gather information regarding the market acceptanceof our products so that we can reflect consumers’ preferences in the design and development of our products for the next season. The tracking of inventory levelalso helps us to understand the market recognition of our products in a particular region, and thus allows us to adjust our marketing strategy if necessary. Theimplementation of the policy, however, requires the distributors to accurately report the relevant data to us in a timely manner, which is largely dependent on thecooperation of the Company’s distributors. We may not always obtain the required data in time and the data provided to us by our distributors may be inaccurate orincomplete.Inaccurate, mistaken, incomplete or delayed data regarding inventory levels may mislead the Company to make wrong business judgments for its production,marketing efforts and sales strategies. If that happens, our operations and financial results may be materially adversely affected. In addition, if we cannot manageinventory levels properly, future orders of our products may be reduced, which would materially adversely affect our future business, financial condition, results ofoperation and prospects.Our operations could be materially adversely affected if we fail to effectively manage our relationships with, or lose the services of, our OEM contractmanufacturers.The production of our brand name products are 100% outsourced to PRCbased thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2018 and2017 we had 5 and 6 contract manufacturers, respectively. Purchases from our top five OEM contract manufacturers accounted for approximately 92% and 88.6% ofour total purchases for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As we do not enter into longterm contracts with our OEM contractmanufacturers, they may decide not to accept our future OEM orders on the same or similar terms, or at all. If an OEM contract manufacturer decides to substantiallyreduce its volume of supply to us or to terminate its business relationship with us, we may not be able to find a proper replacement in a timely manner and may beforced to default on the agreements with our distributors that sell our products. This may negatively impact our revenues and adversely affect our reputation andrelationships with our distributors that sell our products, causing a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.Further, if any of our OEM contract manufacturers fails to provide the required number of products meeting our quality standards, we may have to delay delivery ofproducts to our distributors, become unable to supply products at all, or even recall products previously dispatched. This could cause the Company to loserevenues or market share and damage our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operationsand prospects. In addition, some OEM contract manufacturers may not fully comply with certain laws, such as labor and environmental laws. If any of our OEMcontract manufacturers is found to have violated laws and regulations in the PRC, media reports on such violations may negatively affect our reputation and image,resulting in material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.9Table of ContentsWhile we provide the designs of our products to the OEM contract manufacturers, as well as guidance for manufacturing the products ordered by us, we do nothave direct control over the OEM contract manufacturers. If any of them is involved in unauthorized production and sale of goods using the KBS brand, ourreputation, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.As the Company grows, our reliance on OEM contract manufacturers may also grow as our added production capacity may not be sufficient to keep pace with theincreased production requirements driven by our growth. We may not be able to find sufficient additional OEM contract manufacturers to produce our products onthe same or similar terms as our existing OEM contract manufacturers, and we may not be able to achieve our growth and development goals.Any interruption in our operations could impair our financial performance and negatively affect our brand. Our operations are complicated and integrated, involving the coordination of thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers and external distribution processes. Whilethese operations are modified on a regular basis in an effort to improve outsourcing and distribution efficiency and flexibility, we may experience difficulties incoordinating the various aspects of our operations processes, thereby causing downtime and delays. In addition, we may encounter interruption in our operationsprocesses due to a catastrophic loss or events beyond our control, such as fires, explosions, labor disturbances or violent weather conditions. Any interruptions inour operations or capabilities at our facilities could result in our inability to procure our products, which would reduce our net sales and earnings for the affectedperiod. If there are delays in delivery times to our customers, our business and reputation could be severely affected. Any significant delays in deliveries to ourcustomers could lead to increased returns or cancellations and cause the Company to lose future sales. The Company currently does not have business interruptioninsurance to offset these potential losses, delays and risks so a material interruption of our business operations could severely damage our business.We rely heavily on our management information system for inventory management, distribution and other functions. If our system fail to perform thesefunctions adequately or if we experience an interruption in our operation, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. The efficient operation of our business is dependent on our management information systems. We rely heavily on our management information systems to manageour order entry, order fulfillment, pricing, pointofsale and inventory replenishment processes. We cannot assure you that our management information system will operate properly or without interruption. Any malfunction to any part or all of our managementinformation system for a prolonged period may cause delays in operations or impairment of our overall business efficiency. We also cannot ensure that the level ofsecurity currently maintained will be sufficient to protect the system from third party intrusions, viruses, lost or stolen data, or similar situations. Additionally, aspart of our growth and development strategy over the next few years, we plan to upgrade and improve our management information system. We cannot assure youthat there will be no interruptions to our management information system during the upgrades or that the new management information system will be able tointegrate fully with the existing information system. The failure of our management information system to perform as we anticipate could disrupt our business and could result in decreased revenue, increased overheadcosts and excess or outofstock inventory levels, causing our business and results of operations to suffer materially. Failure to protect the integrity, security and use of our customers’ information and media could expose us to litigation and materially damage our standingwith our customers. Increasing costs associated with information security — such as increased investment in technology, the costs of compliance with consumer protection laws andcosts resulting from consumer fraud — could cause our business and results of operations to suffer materially. While we have taken significant steps to protectcustomer and confidential information, including entering into confidentiality agreements with relevant employees and incorporate confidentiality clauses in ourpolicies, there can be no assurance that advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments will prevent thecompromise of our customer transaction processing capabilities and personal data. If any such compromise of our security were to occur, it could have a materialadverse effect on our reputation, operating results and financial condition. Any such compromise may materially increase the costs we incur to protect against suchinformation security breaches and could subject us to additional legal risk. Procurement specialists and managers are required to sign a confidentiality agreement. 10Table of ContentsWe have limited insurance coverage in China and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses. Operation of our facilities involves many risks, including equipment failures, natural disasters, industrial accidents, power outages, labor disturbances and otherbusiness interruptions. We do not carry any business interruption insurance, product recall or thirdparty liability insurance for our production facilities or withrespect to our products to cover claims pertaining to personal injury or property or environmental damage arising from defects in our products, product recalls,accidents on our property or damage relating to our operations. While business interruption insurance and other types of insurance are available to a limited extentin China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of such insurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commerciallyreasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Therefore, our existing insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all risks associatedwith our business. As a result, we may be required to pay for financial and other losses, damages and liabilities, including those caused by natural disasters andother events beyond our control, out of our own funds, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our inability to protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights may prevent us from successfully marketing our products and competingeffectively. We believe our trademarks and other intellectual property rights are important to our success and competitive position and recognize the importance of registeringthe trademarks related to our KBS brand for protection against infringement. We currently hold two registered trademarks. Failure to protect our intellectual propertycould harm our brand and our reputation, and adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. Further, enforcing or defending our intellectual property rights,including our trademarks, patents, copyrights and trade secrets, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. We produce, marketand sell our products under registered trademarks. We regard our intellectual property, particularly our trademarks and trade secrets to be of considerable value andimportance to our business and our success. We rely on a combination of trademark, patent, and trade secrecy laws, and contractual provisions to protect ourintellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect these proprietary rights will be adequate or that third parties will notinfringe or misappropriate our trademarks, trade secrets or similar proprietary rights. In addition, there can be no assurance that other parties will not assertinfringement claims against us, and we may have to pursue litigation against other parties to assert our rights. Any such claim or litigation could be costly, and wemay lack the resources required to defend against such claims. In addition, any event that would jeopardize our proprietary rights or any claims of infringement bythird parties could have a material adverse effect on our ability to market or sell our brands, and profitably exploit our products.Environmental regulations impose substantial costs and limitations on our operations. We use chemicals and produce significant emissions in our manufacturing operations. As such, we are subject to various national and local environmental laws andregulations in China concerning issues such as air emissions, wastewater discharges, and solid waste management and disposal. These laws and regulations canrestrict or limit our operations and expose us to liability and penalties for noncompliance. While we believe that our facilities are in material compliance with allapplicable environmental laws and regulations, the risks of substantial unanticipated costs and liabilities related to compliance with these laws and regulations arean inherent part of our business. It is possible that future conditions may develop, arise or be discovered that create new environmental compliance or remediationliabilities and costs. While we believe that we can comply with existing environmental legislation and regulatory requirements and that the costs of compliance havebeen included within budgeted cost estimates, compliance may prove to be more limiting and costly than anticipated.We may be unable to establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, and, as a result, we may be unable to accuratelyreport our financial results or prevent fraud.We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities law. The SEC as required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (“SOX 404”), adoptedrules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal control over financial reporting in its annual report, which mustalso contain management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, the independent registered publicaccounting firm auditing the financial statements of a company that is not a nonaccelerated filer under Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act must also attest to theoperating effectiveness of the company’s internal controls.11Table of ContentsFailure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could result in our inability to accurately report our financial results, prevent or detect fraudor provide timely and reliable financial and other information pursuant to the reporting obligations we have as a public company, which could have a materialadverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, it could cause our investors to lose confidence in the information we report,which could adversely affect our stock price.RISKS RELATED TO DOING BUSINESS IN CHINAOur business operation may be affected if we are forced to relocate our manufacturing facilities and stores.We leased the premises for our office located in Shishi and one corporate store. However, none of our lease agreements have been registered with the relevantgovernmental agencies. According to our PRC legal counsel, without registration, our rights to use and occupy the premises may not be secured if any third partiessuch as other tenants who have registered their lease agreements challenge us under PRC law. Moreover, while we have taken various measures to verify theownership of property such as checking utility bills and search government records, most of our landlords have declined to confirm whether they possess theproperty ownership certificates and land use rights certificates for our properties. As a result, we have been unable to verify whether third parties may assert theirownership rights under PRC law against most of our landlords or challenge most of our leases in the future. If our rights to use the premises are challenged, we maybe forced to relocate to other premises. We may not be able to relocate to a suitable premise promptly or lease alternative premises on terms at least as favorable asour existing ones. In addition, relocation costs and interruption of production may have a material adverse effect on our business operation and financialperformance.Changes in the economic and political policies of the PRC government could have a material and adverse effect on our business and operations.We conduct substantially all our business operations in China. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are significantly dependenton economic and political developments in China. China’s economy differs from the economies of developed countries in many aspects, including the level ofdevelopment, growth rate and degree of government control over foreign exchange and allocation of resources. While China’s economy has experienced significantgrowth in the past 30 years, the growth has been uneven across different regions and periods and among various economic sectors in China. We cannot assure youthat China’s economy will continue to grow, or that if there is growth, such growth will be steady and uniform, or that if there is a slowdown, such slowdown will nothave a negative effect on its business and results of operations.The PRC government exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, control over payment of foreign currencydenominated obligations, implementation of monetary policy, and preferential treatment of particular industries or companies. Certain measures adopted by the PRCgovernment may restrict loans to certain industries, such as changes in the statutory deposit reserve ratio and lending guidelines for commercial banks by thePeople’s Bank of China, or PBOC. These current and future government actions could materially affect our liquidity, access to capital, and ability to operate ourbusiness.The global financial markets experienced significant disruptions in 2008 and the United States, Europe and other economies went into recession. Since 2012, growthof the Chinese economy has slowed. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources.Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy but may also have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operation could bematerially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, any stimulusmeasures designed to boost the Chinese economy, may contribute to higher inflation, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.See “Risks Related to Doing Business in China Future inflation in China may inhibit our ability to conduct business in China.”12Table of ContentsUncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the legal protections available to you and us.We conduct substantially all of our business through our operating subsidiaries in the PRC. Our operating subsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulationsapplicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws applicable to foreigninvested enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes, andprior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, a series of new PRC laws and regulations have significantlyenhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, since the PRC legal system continues to evolve rapidly, theinterpretations of many laws, regulations, and rules are not always uniform, and enforcement of these laws, regulations, and rules involve uncertainties, which maylimit legal protections available to you and us. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources andmanagement attention. In addition, most of our executive officers and directors are residents of China and not of the United States, and substantially all the assets ofthese persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it could be difficult for investors to affect service of process in the United States or to enforce ajudgment obtained in the United States against our Chinese operations and subsidiaries.You may have difficulty enforcing judgments against us.Most of our assets are located outside of the United States and most of our current operations are conducted in the PRC. In addition, most of our directors andofficers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons is located outside the UnitedStates. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce inU.S. courts judgments on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, most of whom are not residents inthe United States and the substantial majority of whose assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts ofthe PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts. Our counsel as to PRC law has advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgmentsare provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. Courts in China may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRCCivil Procedures Law based on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have anytreaties or other arrangements that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments with the United States. In addition, according to thePRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violatesbasic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security, or the public interest. So, it is uncertain whether a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by acourt in the United States.The PRC government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities.The PRC government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and stateownership. Our ability to operate in China may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, import and export tariffs,environmental regulations, land use rights, property, and other matters. We believe that our operations in China are in material compliance with all applicable legaland regulatory requirements. However, the central or local governments of the jurisdictions in which we operate may impose new, stricter regulations orinterpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations orinterpretations.Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision not to continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more centrally plannedeconomy or regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant effect on economic conditions in China or particularregions thereof and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then hold in Chinese properties or joint venturesRestrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our sales effectively. The majority of our sales will be settled in RMB and U.S. dollars, and any future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit our ability to use revenue generated inRMB to fund any future business activities outside China or to make dividend or other payments in U.S. dollars. Although the Chinese government introducedregulations in 1996 to allow greater convertibility of the RMB for current account transactions, significant restrictions still remain, including primarily the restrictionthat foreigninvested enterprises may only buy, sell or remit foreign currencies after providing valid commercial documents, at those banks in China authorized toconduct foreign exchange business. In addition, conversion of RMB for capital account items, including direct investment and loans, is subject to governmentalapproval in China, and companies are required to open and maintain separate foreign exchange accounts for capital account items. We cannot be certain that theChinese regulatory authorities will not impose more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of the RMB in the future.13Table of ContentsFluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.The value of our securities will be indirectly affected by the foreign exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and RMB and between those currencies and othercurrencies in which our sales may be denominated. Appreciation or depreciation in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial resultsreported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations. Fluctuations in the exchange rate will alsoaffect the relative value of any dividend we issue that will be exchanged into U.S. dollars, as well as earnings from, and the value of, any U.S. dollardenominatedinvestments we make in the future.Since July 2005, the RMB has no longer been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Since then the RMB has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly andunpredictably, and in recent years the RMB has depreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progresstowards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate systemand there is no guarantee that the RMB will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how marketforces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future.Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedgingtransactions. While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited, and we may not beable to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition, our foreign currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrictour ability to convert RMB into foreign currencies. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends and other distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you, and otherwise fund and conduct our business. Substantially all of our sales are earned by our PRC subsidiaries. However, PRC regulations restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make dividends and otherpayments to their offshore parent companies. PRC legal restrictions permit payments of dividends by our PRC subsidiaries only out of their accumulated aftertaxprofits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are also required under PRC laws and regulations toallocate at least 10% of their annual aftertax profits determined in accordance with PRC GAAP to a statutory general reserve fund until the amounts in said fundreaches 50% of their registered capital. Allocations to these statutory reserve funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not transferable to us in the formof loans, advances, or cash dividends. Any limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to transfer funds to us could materially and adversely limit our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends and otherwise fund and conduct our business.PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary toliability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital ordistribute profits.SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing andRoundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as “SAFECircular 75” promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of the SAFE in connection with theirdirect establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets orequity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a “special purpose vehicle.” SAFE Circular 37 furtherrequires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capitalcontributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in aspecial purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profitdistributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent crossborder foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted inits ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described abovecould result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for theForeign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015 by SAFE, local banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration foroverseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under SAFE Circular 37 from June 1, 2015.14Table of ContentsAccording to SAFE Circular 37, our shareholders or beneficial owners, who are PRC residents, are subject to SAFE Circular 37 or other foreign exchangeadministrative regulations in respect of their investment in our company. We have notified substantial beneficial owners of ordinary shares who we know are PRCresidents of their filing obligations. Nevertheless, we may not be aware of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. We do not havecontrol over our beneficial owners and there can be no assurance that all of our PRCresident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE Circular 37 and subsequentimplementation rules, and there is no assurance that the registration under SAFE Circular 37 and any amendment will be completed in a timely manner, or will becompleted at all. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their foreign exchange registrations in a timely manner pursuant toSAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with theregistration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to fines andlegal sanctions. Such failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiary and limitour PRC subsidiary’s ability to distribute dividends to our company. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and resultsof operations.Furthermore, SAFE Circular 37 is unclear how this regulation, and any future regulation concerning offshore or crossborder transactions, will be interpreted,amended and implemented by the relevant PRC government authorities, and we cannot predict how these regulations will affect our business operations or futurestrategy. Failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRCsubsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to us. These risks could in the future have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results ofoperations.We may be unable to complete a business combination transaction efficiently or on favorable terms due to complicated merger and acquisition regulationswhich became effective on September 8, 2006.On August 9, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the China Securities Regulatory Commission, promulgated the Regulation on Mergers and Acquisitionsof Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006, and was subsequently amended in 2009. This regulation, among otherthings, governs the approval process of a PRC company’s participation in an acquisition of assets or equity interests. Depending on the structure of the transaction,the regulation requires the PRC parties to make a series of applications and supplemental applications to the government agencies for approval of acquisition ofassets or equity interests from other entity. In some instances, the application process may require a presentation of economic data concerning the transaction,including appraisals of the target business and evaluations of the acquirer, which are designed to allow the government to assess viability of the transaction.Government approvals will have expiration dates, by which a transaction must be completed and reported to the government agencies. Compliance with theregulation is likely to be more time consuming and expensive than it was in the past, and provides the government more controls over business combination of twoenterprises. As a result, our ability to engage in business combination transactions has become significantly more complicated, time consuming, and expensive. Wemay not be able to negotiate a transaction that is acceptable to our stockholders or sufficiently protect their interests in a transaction.The regulation allows PRC governmental agencies to assess the economic terms of a business combination transaction. Parties to a business combinationtransaction may have to submit to MOFCOM and other relevant government agencies an appraisal report, an evaluation report, and the acquisition agreement, all ofwhich were a part of the application for approval, depending on the structure of the transaction. The regulation also prohibits a transaction with an acquisition priceobviously lower than the appraised value of the PRC business or assets and in certain transaction structures, and requires consideration being paid within a definedperiod, generally not in excess of a year. The regulation also limits our ability to negotiate various terms of the acquisition, including the initial consideration,contingent consideration, holdback provisions, indemnification provisions, and provisions related to the assumption and allocation of assets and liabilities.Transaction structures involving trusts, nominees and similar entities are prohibited. Therefore, such regulation may impede our ability to negotiate and complete abusiness combination transaction on financial terms that satisfy our investors and protect our stockholders’ economic interests.15Table of ContentsPRC regulation of loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion mayrestrict or prevent us from using the proceeds of our future financings to make loans to our PRC subsidiaries, or to make additional capital contributions toour PRC subsidiary.We, as an offshore holding company, are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC subsidiary, which are treated as foreigninvestedenterprises under PRC laws, through loans or capital contributions. However, loans by us to any PRC subsidiary to finance its activities cannot exceed statutorylimits and must be registered with the local counterpart of SAFE and capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary are subject to the requirement of making necessaryfilings in the Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System, and registration with other governmental authorities in China.SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital ofForeigninvested Enterprises, or Circular 19, effective on June 1, 2015, in replacement of the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvementof the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign Invested Enterprises, or Circular 142, the Notice from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Exchange Businesses, or Circular 59, and theCircular on Further Clarification and Regulation of the Issues Concerning the Administration of Certain Capital Account Foreign Exchange Businesses, orCircular 45. According to Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of a foreigninvestedcompany is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans, the repayment of interenterprise loans or the repayment ofbank loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of aforeign invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within the PRC, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFEwill permit such capital to be used for equity investments in the PRC in actual practice. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, whichreiterates some of the rules set forth in Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registeredcapital of a foreigninvested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to grant loans to nonassociated enterprises.Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. Circular 19 and Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer anyforeign currency we hold, including the net proceeds from our future financings, to our PRC subsidiary, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability tofund and expand our business in the PRC.Due to the restrictions imposed on loans in foreign currencies extended to any PRC domestic companies, we are not likely to make such loans to any of our PRCsubsidiaries. Meanwhile, we are not likely to finance the activities of our subsidiaries by means of capital contributions given the restrictions on foreign investmentin the businesses that are currently conducted by our subsidiaries.In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannotassure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, withrespect to future loans to our PRC subsidiary or any consolidated variable interest entity or future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiary. As a result,uncertainties exist as to our ability to provide prompt financial support to our PRC subsidiaries when needed. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain suchapprovals, our ability to use foreign currency, including the proceeds we received from our future financings, and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operationsmay be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.16Table of ContentsAny failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal oradministrative sanctions.Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas nonpubliclylisted companies may submit applications to SAFE orits local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. In the meantime, our directors, executive officers andother employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year, subject to limitedexceptions, and who have been granted restricted shares, options or restricted share units, or RSUs, by us or our overseas listed subsidiaries may follow the Noticeon Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company,issued by SAFE in February 2012, to apply for the foreign exchange registration. According to those regulations, employees, directors and other managementmembers participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC citizens residing in China for acontinuous period of not less than one year, subject to limited exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which may be aPRC subsidiary of the overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines andlegal sanctions and may also limit their ability to make payment under the relevant equity incentive plans or receive dividends or sales proceeds related thereto inforeign currencies, or our ability to contribute additional capital into our domestic subsidiaries in China and limit our domestic subsidiaries’ ability to distributedividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties under PRC law that could restrict our ability or the ability of our overseas listed subsidiaries to adoptadditional equity incentive plans for our directors and employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period ofnot less than one year, subject to limited exceptions.In addition, the State Administration of Taxation has issued circulars concerning employee share options, restricted shares or RSUs. Under these circulars,employees working in the PRC who exercise share options, or whose restricted shares or RSUs vest, will be subject to PRC individual income tax. The PRCsubsidiaries of an overseas listed company have obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authoritiesand to withhold individual income taxes of those employees related to their share options, restricted shares or RSUs. If the employees fail to pay, or the PRCsubsidiaries fail to withhold, their income taxes according to relevant laws, rules and regulations, the PRC subsidiaries may face sanctions imposed by the taxauthorities.Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a “resident enterprise” of China. Such classification will likely result in unfavorable taxconsequences to us and our nonPRC shareholders.On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress of China passed a new Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law. On November 28, 2007, the State Council ofChina passed its implementing rules, which took effect on January 1, 2008. Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto managementbodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise,” meaning that it can be treated in a manner similar to a Chinese enterprise for enterprise income taxpurposes. The implementing rules of the EIT Law define de facto management as “substantial and overall management and control over the production andoperations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise.On April 22, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice Concerning Relevant Issues Regarding Cognizance of Chinese Investment ControlledEnterprises Incorporated Offshore as Resident Enterprises. According to the Criteria of de facto Management Bodies, or the Notice, further interprets the applicationof the EIT Law and its implementation nonChinese enterprise or group controlled offshore entities. Pursuant to the Notice, an enterprise incorporated in an offshorejurisdiction and controlled by a Chinese enterprise or group will be classified as a “nondomestically incorporated resident enterprise” if (i) its senior management incharge of daily operations reside or perform their duties mainly in China; (ii) its financial or personnel decisions are made or approved by bodies or persons in China;(iii) its substantial assets and properties, accounting books, corporate chops, board and shareholder minutes are kept in China; and (iv) at least half of its directorswith voting rights or senior management often resident in China. A resident enterprise would be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on its worldwideincome and must pay a withholding tax at a rate of 10%, when paying dividends to its nonPRC shareholders. However, it remains unclear as to whether the Notice isapplicable to an offshore enterprise incorporated by a Chinese natural person, nor detailed measures on imposition of tax from nondomestically incorporatedresident enterprises are available. Therefore, it is unclear how tax authorities will determine tax residency based on the facts of each case.17Table of ContentsWe may be deemed to be a resident enterprise by Chinese tax authorities. If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for the PRCenterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on financingproceeds and nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although, under the EIT Law and its implementingrules, dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued a guidance with respect to the processingof outbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for the PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidanceissued with respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation, which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to ournonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC stockholders from transferring our shares.Our failure to fully comply with PRC laws relating to social insurance and housing accumulation fund may expose it to potential administrative penalties. The PRC laws and regulations require all employers in China to fully contribute their own portion to the social insurance and housing accumulation funds for theiremployees within a certain period of time. Failure to do so may expose the employers to make rectification for the unpaid contributions by the relevant laborauthority. As of the date of this report, Hongri PRC has not paid housing accumulation funds for its employees. In addition, Hongri PRC failed to make contributions to thesocial insurance in full amount for its employees before 2014. PRC governmental authorities may impose penalties on Hongri PRC for failure to comply. In addition, inthe event that any current or former employee files a complaint with the PRC government, Hongri PRC may be subject to making up the contributions to the socialinsurance and housing accumulation funds as well as paying administrative fines. The total cost of these contributions and any related fines or penalties could besignificant and could have a material adverse effect on our working capital. We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Chinese anticorruption laws, and any determination that we violated these lawscould have a material adverse effect on our business. We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act, or FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and theirofficials and political parties by U.S. persons and issuers as defined by the statute, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have operations,agreements with third parties, and make most of our sales in China. The PRC also strictly prohibits bribery of government officials. Our activities in China create therisk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company, even though they may not alwaysbe subject to our control. It is our policy to implement safeguards to discourage these practices by our employees. However, our existing safeguards and any futureimprovements may prove to be less than effective, and the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company may engage in conduct for whichwe might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA or Chinese anticorruption laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to otherliabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the U.S. government may seek to hold our Companyliable for successor liability FCPA violations committed by companies in which we invest or that we acquire. If we become directly subject to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.listed Chinese companies, we may have to expendsignificant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations, stock price and reputation, and could result in a loss ofyour investment in our stock, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favorably. In the past few years, U.S. publicly traded companies that have substantially all of their operations in China, particularly companies like us have been the subject ofintense scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators, and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism,and negative publicity has centered around financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, lacking effective internal controls over financial accounting,inadequate corporate governance policies or lacking of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, criticism, and negativepublicity, the publicly traded stocks of many U.S. listed Chinese companies have sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, have become virtually worthless.Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions, and are conducting internal and external investigations into theallegations. It is not clear the effect of this sectorwide scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity will have on our Company, our business, and our stock price. If webecome the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources toinvestigate such allegations defending our Company. This situation will be costly, time consuming, and distract our management from growing our company.18Table of ContentsThe disclosures in our reports and other filings with the SEC and our other public pronouncements will not be subject to the scrutiny of any regulatory bodiesin the PRC. Accordingly, our public disclosure should be reviewed in light of the fact that no governmental agency that is located in China where all of ouroperations and business are located have conducted any due diligence on our operations or reviewed or cleared any of our disclosure. Unlike public reporting companies whose operations are located primarily in the United States, however, all of our operations will be located in China. Since all of ouroperations and business takes place in China, it may be more difficult for the Staff of the SEC to overcome the geographic and cultural obstacles that are presentwhen reviewing our disclosure. These same obstacles are not present for similar companies whose operations or business take place entirely or primarily in theUnited States. Furthermore, our SEC reports and other disclosure and public pronouncements are not subject to the review or scrutiny of any PRC regulatoryauthority. For example, the disclosure in our SEC reports and other filings are not subject to the review of the CSRC, a PRC regulator that is tasked with oversight ofthe capital markets in China. Accordingly, you should review our SEC reports, filings and our other public pronouncements with the understanding that no localregulator has done any due diligence on our company and with the understanding that none of our SEC reports, other filings or any of our other publicpronouncements has been reviewed or otherwise been scrutinized by any local regulator. Proceedings instituted by the SEC against five PRCbased accounting firms could result in financial statements being determined to be not in compliance withthe requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.In December 2012, the SEC instituted proceedings under Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) of the SEC’s Rules of Practice against five PRCbased accounting firms alleging that thesefirms had violated U.S. securities laws and the SEC’s rules and regulations thereunder by failing to provide to the SEC the firms’ work papers related to their audits ofcertain PRCbased companies that are publicly traded in the United States. Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) grants to the SEC the authority to deny to any person, temporarily orpermanently, the ability to practice before the SEC who is found by the SEC, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, to have willfully violated, or willfully aidedand abetted the violation of, any such laws or rules and regulations. On January 22, 2014, an initial administrative law decision was issued, sanctioning four of theseaccounting firms and suspending them from practicing before the SEC for a period of six months. The sanction will not take effect until there is an order ofeffectiveness issued by the SEC. In February 2014, four of these PRCbased accounting firms filed a petition for review of the initial decision. In February 2015, eachof these four accounting firms agreed to a censure and to pay fine to the SEC to settle the dispute with the SEC. The settlement stays the current proceeding for fouryears, during which time the firms are required to follow detailed procedures to seek to provide the SEC with access to Chinese firms’ audit documents via the CSRC.If a firm does not follow the procedures, the SEC would impose penalties such as suspensions, or commence a new, expedited administrative proceeding against thenoncompliant firm or it could restart the administrative proceeding against all four firms.If our independent registered public accounting firm were denied, temporarily or permanently, the ability to practice before the SEC, and we are unable to find in atimely manner another registered public accounting firm which can audit and issue a report on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determinedto not be in compliance with the requirements for financial statements of public companies with a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the SEC’s revocation of the registration of our common stock under theExchange Act, which would cause the immediate delisting of our common stock from the NASDAQ Capital Market, and the effective termination of the tradingmarket for our common stock in the United States, which would likely have a significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.19Table of ContentsOur holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should we decide inthe future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depend upon the receipts of dividends or other payments fromour operating subsidiaries, other holdings, and investments. In addition, our operating subsidiaries, from time to time, may be subject to restrictions on their abilityto make distributions to us, including as a result of restrictive covenants in loan agreements, restrictions on the conversion of local currency into U.S. dollars orother hard currency, and other regulatory restrictions as discussed below. If future dividends are paid in RMB, fluctuations in the exchange rate for conversion ofRMB into U.S. dollars may reduce the amount received by the U.S. stockholders upon conversion of dividend payments into U.S. dollars.Chinese regulations currently permit the payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards andregulations. Our subsidiaries in China are also required to set aside a portion of their aftertax profits to fund certain reserve funds according to the Chineseaccounting standards and regulations. Currently, our subsidiaries in China are the only sources of revenues or investment holdings for the payment of dividends. Ifthey do not accumulate sufficient profits under Chinese accounting standards and regulations to satisfy certain reserve funds as required by the Chineseaccounting standards, we will be unable to pay any dividends.Aftertax profits/losses with respect to the payment of dividends from accumulated profits and the annual appropriation of aftertax profits as calculated pursuant tothe Chinese accounting standards and regulations do not result in significant differences as compared to aftertax earnings as presented in our financial statements.However, there are certain differences between PRC accounting standards and regulations and U.S. GAAP, arising from different treatment of items such asamortization of intangible assets and change in fair value of contingent consideration rising from business combinations.RISKS RELATED TO THIS OFFERING AND THE MARKET FOR OUR SECURITIES GENERALLYIf we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of NASDAQ, we would face possible delisting, which would result in a limited public market for ourshares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Our common stock is traded and listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “KBSF.” The common stock may be delisted if we fail to maintain certainNasdaq listing requirements. For instance, companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bidprice per share of $1.00 for 30 consecutive business days. On March 3, 2016, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the 30 consecutive businessdays between January 20, 2016 and March 2, 2016, the bid price of our common stock closed below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQListing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued inclusion on The NASDAQ Capital Market. In accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we had an initial graceperiod of 180 calendar days, or until August 30, 2016, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. After the Company effectuated a oneforfifteenreverse stock split of the outstanding common stock, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq on February 27, 2017 stating that because the Company maintainedthe closing bid price of its common stock at $1.00 per share or greater from February 9 to February 24, 2017, they determined that the Company has regainedcompliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement.We cannot ensure you that we will continue to comply with the requirements for continued listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If our commonstock is no longer listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market, our shares would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our shares could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, andsecurity analysts’ coverage of us may be reduced. In addition, in the event our shares are delisted, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed uponthem, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions in our shares, further limiting the liquidity of our shares. These factors could result in lowerprices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our shares. Such delisting from The NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our shareprice could also greatly impair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing, and could significantly increase the ownershipdilution to shareholders caused by our issuing equity in financing or other transactions.20Table of ContentsIf we were delisted from NASDAQ, we may become subject to the trading complications experienced by “Penny Stocks” in the overthecounter market.Delisting from NASDAQ may cause our shares of common stock to become the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. The SEC generally defines a penny stock as an equitysecurity that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. One such exemption is tobe listed on NASDAQ. The market price of our common stock is currently higher than $1.00 per share. However, because the daily trading volume in our commonstock is very low, significant price movement can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Therefore, were we to be delisted from NASDAQ,our common stock may become subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. These rules require, among other things, that any broker engaging in a purchase or sale ofour securities provide its customers with: (i) a risk disclosure document, (ii) disclosure of market quotations, if any, (iii) disclosure of the compensation of the brokerand its salespersons in the transaction and (iv) monthly account statements showing the market values of our securities held in the customer’s accounts. A brokerwould be required to provide the bid and offer quotations and compensation information before effecting the transaction. This information must be contained on thecustomer’s confirmation. Generally, brokers are less willing to effect transactions in penny stocks due to these additional delivery requirements. These requirementsmay make it more difficult for shareholders to purchase or sell our shares. Because the broker, not us, prepares this information, we would not be able to assure thatsuch information is accurate, complete or current.Trading in our shares over the last three months has been very limited, so our stock price is highly volatile, leading to the possibility that you may not be able tosell as much stock as you want at prevailing prices.Because approximately 70% of our then issued and outstanding shares of common stock was tendered in the tender offering closed on July 29, 2014, we currentlyhave a limited amount of shares eligible for public trading. The average daily trading volume in our common stock over the last three months is very limited. If limitedtrading in our common stock continues, it may be difficult for investors to sell their shares in the public market at any given time at prevailing prices. Moreover, themarket price for shares of our common stock may be made more volatile because of the relatively low volume of trading in our common stock. When trading volumeis low, significant price movement of our common stock can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Volatility in our common stock couldcause stockholders to incur substantial losses.Numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly.There are numerous additional factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly. Thesefactors include:●our earnings releases, actual or anticipated changes in our earnings, fluctuations in our operating results or our failure to meet the expectations of financialmarket analysts and investors;●changes in financial estimates by us or by any securities analysts who might cover our shares;●speculation about our business in the press or the investment community;●significant developments relating to our relationships with our customers or suppliers;●stock market price and volume fluctuations of other publicly traded companies and, in particular, those that are in our industries;●customer demand for our products;●investor perceptions of our industry in general and our company in particular;●the operating and stock performance of comparable companies;●general economic conditions and trends;●major catastrophic events;●announcements by us or our competitors of new products, significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships or divestitures;●changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretation or principles;●loss of external funding sources;●sales of our shares, including sales by our directors, officers or significant shareholders; and●additions or departures of key personnel.21Table of ContentsSecurities class action litigation is often instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their share price. This type of litigation could result insubstantial costs to us and divert our management’s attention and resources. Moreover, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price andvolume fluctuations for reasons unrelated to operating performance of particular companies. For example, in July 2008, the securities markets in the United States,China and other jurisdictions experienced the largest decline in share prices since September 2001. These market fluctuations may adversely affect the price of ourshares and other interests in our company at a time when you want to sell your interest in us.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and do not anticipate paying any cashdividends on our shares. Accordingly, investors must be prepared to rely on sales of their shares after price appreciation to earn an investment return, which maynever occur. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our shares. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion ofour Board of Directors, and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable laws, and otherfactors our board deems relevant.Certain of our shareholders hold a significant percentage of our outstanding voting securities.Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, is the beneficial owner of approximately 37% of our outstanding voting securities. As a result, hepossesses significant influence and can elect a majority of our board of directors and authorize or prevent proposed significant corporate transactions. Hisownership and control may also have the effect of delaying or preventing a future change in control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other businesscombination or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer.Our outstanding warrants may adversely affect the market price of our shares of common stock.There are currently 393,836 warrants outstanding. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50. The sale orpossibility of sale of the shares underlying the warrants could have an adverse effect on the market price for our shares of common stock or our ability to obtainfuture financing. If and to the extent these warrants are exercised, you may experience dilution to your holdings.You will not be able to exercise your redeemable warrants if we do not have an effective registration statement and a prospectus in place when you desire to doso.No redeemable warrants will be exercisable, and we will not be obligated to issue shares of common stock upon exercise of redeemable warrants by a holder unless,at the time of such exercise, we have a registration statement or posteffective amendment under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuableupon the exercise of the redeemable warrants and a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Under the terms of a redeemable warrant agreementbetween American Stock Transfer & Trust Company as warrant agent, and us, we have agreed to use our best efforts to have a registration statement in effectcovering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants from the date the redeemable warrants become exercisable and to maintain acurrent prospectus relating to shares of common stock until the redeemable warrants expire or are redeemed, and to take such action as is necessary to qualify theshares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants for sale in those states in which the IPO was initially qualified. However, we cannotassure you that we will be able to do so. We may be unable to have a registration statement in effect covering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of theredeemable warrants or to maintain a current prospectus relating to such shares of common stock if, for example, we lack the current financial statements necessaryto be included in such registration statement or prospectus. We have no obligation to settle the redeemable warrants for cash, in any event, and the redeemablewarrants may not be exercised and we will not deliver securities therefor in the absence of an effective registration statement and a prospectus available for use. Theredeemable warrants may be deprived of any value, the market for the redeemable warrants may be limited if there is no registration statement in effect covering theshares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the redeemable warrants or the prospectus relating to the shares of common stock issuable upon the exerciseof the redeemable warrants is not current and the redeemable warrants may expire worthless. If you are unable to exercise or sell your redeemable warrants, you willhave paid the full unit price for only the shares of common stock underlying the units.22Table of ContentsHolders of warrants included in the placement units may exercise these warrants even if an effective registration statement and a prospectus is not in place,which means they may be able to exercise such warrants while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.Unlike the warrants underlying the units issued in connection with our IPO, the warrants included in the placement units will not be restricted from being exercisedin the absence of a registration statement under the Securities Act in effect covering the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the such warrantsand a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Therefore, the holders thereof will be able to exercise such warrants regardless of whether the issuanceof the underlying shares of common stock is registered under the Securities Act, while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.We are a “foreign private issuer” and have disclosure obligations that are different than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. Therefore, you should notexpect to receive the same information about us as a U.S. domestic reporting company may provide. Furthermore, if we or lose our status as a foreign privateissuer, we would be required to fully comply with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers and incur significantoperational, administrative, legal, and accounting costs that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer.We are a foreign private issuer. As a result, we are not subject to certain of the requirements imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the SEC. For example, we arenot required by the SEC or the federal securities laws to issue quarterly reports or file proxy statements with the SEC. We are also allowed to file our annual reportwith the SEC within four months of our fiscal year end. We are also not required to disclose certain detailed information regarding executive compensation that isrequired from U.S. domestic issuers. Further, our directors and executive officers are not required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Securities Act. Asa foreign private issuer, we are also exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups ofinvestors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. We are, however, still subject to the antifraud and antimanipulation rules ofthe SEC, such as Rule 10b5. Since many of the disclosure obligations required of us as a foreign private issuer are different than those required by U.S. domesticreporting companies, our shareholders should not expect to receive all of the same types of information about us and at the same time as information is receivedfrom, or provided by, U.S. domestic reporting companies. We are liable for violations of the rules and regulations of the SEC, which do apply to us as a foreignprivate issuer. Violations of these rules could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain NASDAQ corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. Thismay afford less protection to holders of our securities.We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. As a foreign private issuer,we are permitted to follow the governance practices of our home country, the Republic of the Marshall Islands in lieu of certain corporate governance requirementsof Nasdaq. As result, the standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not requiredto:●have a compensation committee and a nominating committee to be comprised solely of “independent directors; and●hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the Company’s fiscal yearend.As a result, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.Future sales or perceived sales of our shares of common stock could depress our stock price.As of the date of this report, we have 2,591,299 shares of common stock outstanding. Many of these shares will become eligible for sale in the public market, subjectto limitations imposed by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. If the holders of these shares were to attempt to sell a substantial amount of their holdings at once, themarket price of our common stock could decline. Moreover, the perceived risk of this potential dilution could cause shareholders to attempt to sell their shares andinvestors to short the common stock, a practice in which an investor sells shares that he or she does not own at prevailing market prices, hoping to purchase shareslater at a lower price to cover the sale. As each of these events would cause the number of shares of our common stock being offered for sale to increase, ourcommon stock market price would likely further decline. All of these events could combine to make it very difficult for us to sell equity or equityrelated securities inthe future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.23Table of ContentsHolders of our securities may face difficulties in protecting their interests because we are incorporated under the Republic of the Marshall Islands law.We are a company incorporated under the laws of the Marshall Islands, and almost all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, majority of ourdirectors and officers, and their assets, are located outside of the United States. As a result, you may have difficulty serving legal process within the United Statesupon us or any of these persons. You may also have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside the United States, judgments you may obtain in U.S. courts against usor these persons in any action, including actions based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal or state securities laws. You may also have difficultybringing an original action in the appropriate court of the Marshall Islands to enforce liabilities against us or any person based upon the U.S. federal securities laws.Provisions of our articles of incorporation may impede a takeover or make it more difficult for shareholders to change the direction or management of theCompany, which could reduce shareholders’ opportunity to influence management of the Company.Our articles of incorporation permit our board of directors to issue up to five million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 from time to time, with suchrights and preferences as they consider appropriate. These terms may include voting rights including the right to vote as a series on particular matters, preferencesas to dividends and liquidation, conversion rights and redemption rights provisions. The issuance of any preferred stock could reduce the value of our commonstock. In addition, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell assets to, a third party. Theability of the board of directors to issue preferred stock could make it more difficult, delay, discourage, prevent or make it more costly to acquire or effect a changeincontrol, which in turn could prevent shareholders from recognizing a gain in the event that a favorable offer is extended and could materially and negatively affectthe market price of our common stock.ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANYA.History and Development of the CompanyWe are a Republic of the Marshall Islands Company incorporated under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BDA”) on January 26, 2012. We wereoriginally organized under the name “Aquasition Corp.” for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, orsimilar acquisition transaction, one or more operating businesses or assets. The address of the Company’s principal executive office is Xingfengge Building,Baogaiyupu Industrial Park, Shishi City, Fujian Province of china.On March 24, 2014, we entered into a share exchange agreement and plan of liquidation (the “Exchange Agreement”), with KBS International, Hongri International, athen wholly owned subsidiary of KBS International and Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, each an individual and shareholder of KBS International (each, a“Principal Stockholder”). The Exchange Agreement was subsequently amended on June 21, 2014. The transactions contemplated in the Exchange Agreement (the“Share Exchange”) were closed on August 1, 2014. At the closing, we acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interest in Hongri International from KBSInternational. In exchange, we issued an aggregate of 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company to KBS International. In addition, on July 29, 2014, wecompleted a tender offer related to the Share Exchange and redeemed the 332,116 shares of common stock validly tendered and not withdrawn. Pursuant to theExchange Agreement, KBS International was liquidated and dissolved in August 2014 and the 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company were distributed toeach shareholder of KBS International according to their respective ownership of KBS International. As a result, following the consummation of the Share Exchange,we had a total of 1,694,489 shares of common stock outstanding.24Table of ContentsOn October 31, 2014, we held a special shareholder meeting and amended our Articles of Incorporation to change our name to KBS Fashion Group Limited.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.On March 29, 2016, we granted an aggregate of 73,334 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their past services in 2015 and future services to be provided in 2016.On July 10, 2017, we granted an aggregate of 215,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company as compensationsfor their services.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their services.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 registered shares of common stock pursuant to our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to our executive officers,directors and certain employees as compensations for their services.On March 29, 2019, our board of directors approved the issuance of 15,000 shares of common stock to our Investor Relationship firm as compensation for theirservices. The issuance of the shares was made in reliance on the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), for theoffer and sale of securities not involving a public offering, and Regulation S promulgated thereunder. None of the shares have been registered under the Act andneither may be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.25Table of ContentsCorporate StructureAll of our business operations are conducted through our PRC subsidiaries. The chart below presents our corporate structure as of the date of this report. The Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regardingissuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.Our web site address is http://www.kbsfashion.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of thisAnnual Report.Principal Capital Expenditures and DivestituresFor the year ended December 31, 2018, our total capital expenditures and divestitures were $nil. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, our total capitalexpenditures and divestitures were $849,199 and $45,445, respectively. Such expenditures were primarily used construction of production facility and purchasing fireprotection facility. Our operating cash flow mainly funded these capital expenditures.B.Business OverviewWe are a leading casual menswear company in China with a demonstrated track record of designing, marketing, and selling our own line of fashion menswear. Ourproducts include men’s apparel, footwear and accessories, primarily targeting urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 in the Tier II and Tier III cities in China.Tier II cities generally refer to major cities located in each province of China other than the capital city of such province. Tier III cities generally refer to countylevelcities in China. Tier III cities that we focus on are the national top 100 county cities identified by the State Statistics Bureau of China each year. These cities arecharacterized by higher GDP, higher disposable income, better education and better infrastructure as compared with other countylevel cities.26Table of ContentsOur apparel products include outerwear, knitwear, denim, tops, bottoms, accessories and footwear. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products,each year with a different theme to highlight the current trends in menswear for the season.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by the company and 40 franchised stores operated by 14 third party distributors or their subdistributors. The number of stores has grown from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017and 2016, sales through our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues respectively, and sales through distributors and whole sellersaccounted for 73%, 66.5% and 78% of our revenues, respectively. Total revenue from corporate stores sales for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $7.0million for 2017 and $5.53 million for 2016.From 2009 through 2018, total net sales decreased from $28.1 million to $18.53 million while the net profit decreased from $9.0 million to a net loss of $8 million.Our Competitive StrengthsWe believe that the following competitive strengths enable us to compete effectively in and capitalize on the growing casual menswear industry in China.●There is a sizable market for our products. We believe that we have a sizeable potential market. Our target customers are male middleclass consumers inthe 2040 age range. According to the national census in 2018, the population in China between 1659 yearsold was approximately 900 million. Our targetgroup falls into this category and is estimated to be more than 200 million people. As a result of the growing affluence in the PRC and increased purchasingpower of the PRC population, we believe that PRC consumers are becoming more willing and able to purchase casual menswear. In addition, we believe thatthe purchasing decision of PRC consumers is becoming more predicated upon brand image, product design and style, rather than just price considerations.With rising affluence and improvement in lifestyle, we also believe the overall Chinese population is generally growing more brand name conscious andstyle oriented and has shown a propensity for increased spending on casual menswear.●We have a strong focus on design and product development. We believe that our inhouse design and product development capabilities allow us to createunique products that appeal to our customers. We have established a strong inhouse design and product development team of 20 employees as of April26, 2019. Our team identifies new fashion trends by attending fashion shows and exhibitions as well as by drawing from creative ideas in magazines andother media. Each spring and fall, we carefully plan and create a new product line for our fall/winter and spring/summer collections of 727 SKU thatencompasses our full range of product offerings, including outerwear, tops, bottoms and accessories. We introduce new design elements into our productlines each season. With our highly skilled and creative team of designers, we have extensive experience in creating unique designs to meet the preferencesand needs of our target customer base.●Our trademarked brand has earned a following in China. Our brand was developed in 2006. Our marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design andmade for Chinese.” Our customers are middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range. We believe that their products’ concept, marketing, design andpackaging fully match with the prowestern attitude and life styles of their target customers. We believe the KBS brand is essential to our success topenetrate to the casual menswear market in China.●We have an extensive and wellmanaged nationwide distribution network. We have an extensive distribution network throughout China. As of December31, 2018, we had 1 KBS branded corporate stores and 32 franchised stores across 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. TheKBS branded corporate stores are required to sell only our products. We have been building up our selected distributor network since 2007. As ofDecember 31, 2018, we had 11 distributors operating 32 franchised stores. All of our distributors have been working with us from 1 to 10 years. We selectour distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry, sales channels, business resources, brand promotioncapabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. Our distributors help us respond to changing consumer tastes in a timelymanner by providing regular feedback on our products at our semiannual sales fairs and frequent communications. The financial resources of ourdistributors allow us to expand our retail network with less working capital investment from us than would be required for establishing direct stores, as ourdistributors are responsible for the store rentals and cost of inventory in their stores. We sold a substantial amount of our products through ourdistributors, which have allowed us to distribute our products to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge ofour distributors and their sub distributors. We believe that our distribution network has enabled us to expand our business and increase our salesefficiently and with less operational risk. This model has also minimized our operational risk because we typically start production after we receive ordersfrom our distributors. We believe that using a distribution network to sell a substantial amount of our KBS products has enabled us to devote ourresources to our core competitive strengths of design, brand management and product development.27Table of Contents●We have an experienced management team. Our management team has extensive R&D, marketing and financial experience, led by our Chief ExecutiveOfficer, Mr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has over 27 years of experience in the apparel industry and also has developed a differentiated product by internationalcooperation with a Korean designer. After working in the garment industry for more than 16 years, Mr. Yan acquired and developed the KBS brand. Withhis strong understanding of the apparel industry, Mr. Yan has successfully established this brand name in the market. We are committed to attract andretain top management level executives who we believe are and will continue to be the driving force behind our product development and growth.Our Growth StrategyWe intend to further strengthen our market position in the casual menswear market in China by implementing the following strategies:●We plan to expand our online business and purchase one or more online sales platforms or online stores. Together with the change in consumer trends,online sales is now the most important sales channel in Chinese market and is becoming increasingly important globally. Sales from our stores anddistributors have been steadily decreasing, and we are now in the process of identifying the best possible ways to establish and expand our onlinebusiness. We plan to research and purchase one or more online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that KBS will have better opportunities toexpand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores in year 2019, and the management of KBS will keep on exploring other areas and businessmodels, such as the use of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends. We consider that ourpolicy to expand our outreach using new technologies will add significant shareholder value.●We plan to expand our OEM sales by attracting more reputable and longterm clients. We just had the renewal of a framework sales contract with twomajor current customers: Hangzhou Zhi Yin Apparel Clothes Co., Ltd and Hangzhou Yiyuan Apparel Co., Ltd. These two sales contracts are expected togenerate approximately RMB 28 million in total, of which RMB 20 million relates to Hangzhou Ziyin of new 450,000 orders and RMB 8 million relates toHangzhou Yiyuan of new 160,000 orders for this year. We are also expanding our OEM business and to get more clients, especially to focus on onlineproviders, as they have expanded their market share over the past years quickly together with the change in Chinese consumer’s preferences and occupy alarge market share. By the time when we start executing the orders, we expect that we can have sustainable and increasing business.●We plan to invest in a Greece Based Private Smart Tech Apparel Company. We signed a letter of intent with Tribe, one of the most innovative smartclothing technology companies internationally. If the transaction is consummated, we conceive that this investment will enhance and expand significantlyour client network and products offering. The smart clothing market is expected to surpass the 2 trillion US dollars in size in 2019 and we believe we are wellpositioned to capture a part of this market in the wider region.28Table of Contents●We plan to continue to raise the profile of the KBS brand through enhanced advertising and promotional activities. We believe that the strongassociation of KBS brand with our concept of “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese” has helped drive our brand positioning and customers’receptivity to our products. We intend to further build our brand and deliver a consistent brand image from product design to sales and marketing. We seekto promote and enhance our presence in China’s casual menswear market by continuing to adopt proactive marketing strategies and produce high quality,well designed casual menswear for our target market. In particular, we aim to increase awareness of our brand through: (1) multichannel advertisingstrategies through national television, fashion magazines, billboards and other media channels; (2) further assisting our distributors’ regional advertisingefforts; (3) distinctive store and product launch campaigns, including special events for new product launches and largescale grand opening events fornew stores, particularly new corporate stores; (4) update of the decoration and layout of a number of existing stores which have been in operation for yearsto improve the shopping experience; (5) participation in fashion shows; and (6) sponsorships of selected highimpact events. We believe that theseadvertising and promotional activities will help to further strengthen brand awareness in our target market and enhance customer loyalty.●We plan to expand and build upon our design and product development capabilities. We intend to further strengthen our design and productdevelopment capabilities by accelerating the commercialization of design concepts, expanding our product offerings and continuing to develop what webelieve is unique casual menswear. We plan to further invest in design and product development and expand our design and product development team byattracting talented designers, either domestic or international, and training young graduates from leading fashion design institutes. We believe thatcombining western fashion design experience with our local designer’s understanding of the China market and aesthetic will enable us to create fashionableyet popular casual menswear for consumers in China. We also intend to cooperate with our suppliers to develop new materials and fabrics which we believewill give customers a unique fashion product and create new market opportunities. We believe that our focus on designing unique and quality casualmenswear will allow us to maintain our competitiveness and help to enhance our sales and overall profitability.●We plan to expand our production capacity to expand and diversify our product offerings. Our production facility is located in Taihu City, AnhuiProvince, China, consisting of total 110,557 square meters of land. Currently this facility has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per yearand can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famous sportswear producers, some successful onlinebrand stores and fulfill some overseas orders. The construction of our facility commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases: Phase 1 consists of theconstruction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We have completed theconstruction of facilities for Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Although we have the designed capacity of 5 million pieces yearly, the facilitycurrently may only produce 2 million pieces per year. Phase 3 construction has been delayed because the local government needs additional time toconclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 canbe continued. Phase 4 will include production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quarters and livingfacilities. Upon completion, the new facility is expected to have a production capacity of 20 million pieces and accommodate 5,000 workers. Please see“Production” below for a more complete explanation of our plans for the expansion of our production capacity. We anticipate that the new productionfacility will allow us to further refine our existing product lines by offering more styles within our existing apparel and accessories categories and tointroduce additional, complementary apparel and accessories categories into our product line. We currently introduce 500 to 900 different styles ofproducts each year and intend to increase the number of our product offerings in the future.●We plan to expand our international market and attract more orders from overseas. Starting from year 2016, we have been awarded international OEMorders for producing clothes with overseas brands. Such orders are usually large and continuous. Due to the completion of phase 2 construction of ourAnhui factory, we have enough production capacity to take on large orders. The current utilization rate of the Anhui factory is still quite low and we expectto invest more in attracting more large orders from overseas.The KBS BrandWe are engaged in a highly competitive industry in which brand image and recognition is critical to attracting customers to purchase our products. We haveadopted KBS as a uniform brand name and image for all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. The KBS brand was created byMs. Qinghua Ye in 2006 and registered with the trademark administration authority in 2008. Subsequently, Ms. Ye assigned the KBS trademark to Hongri PRC in2008. In 2009, Hongri PRC transferred this trademark to France Cock, which then licensed such trademark back to Hongri PRC. Based on our sharp rise in revenuesince 2006, we believe that the KBS brand has gained a following in the casual menswear market in the cities where our products are sold.29Table of ContentsTo promote our brand, we have developed and implemented brand management policies in all of our corporate stores and franchised stores. Our brand managementpolicies set out detailed requirements for store decorations and display of products. This enables us to project a consistent brand image. In addition, each season,our design and product development team develops display concepts, including the presentation of our collections in the stores and the color schemes for thebackdrops. We also work closely with our distributors to supervise the daily operations of franchised stores through unscheduled visits to ensure that our brandmanagement policies are properly followed.We may suspend the supply of our products or terminate distribution agreements in the event that any of our distributors or their subdistributors consistently failsto comply with our brand management policies.Our ProductsOur apparel products include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, socks and caps. In 2018, thesuggested retail prices of our products ranged from RMB 15 to RMB1,599 (approximately $2 to $237) for our apparel products and RMB178 to RMB1599(approximately $26 to $236) for our accessory products. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products, each year with a different theme tohighlight the current trends in menswear for the season.Our DesignWe believe one of our key strengths is our internal design and product development team, which designs products that reinforce our brand image. Major parts ofour products are designed by our internal design and product development team with the collaboration of Korean designers. As of December 31, 2018, our designand product development team consisted of 20 members, including one senior designer with over five years of working experience. Final design concepts areapproved by Mr. Keyan Yan, who has more than 27 years of experience in the industry. All of the other designers are graduates of professional design schools inChina. We believe that our design and product development team is innovative and passionate and that the individual experience of each of our designers helpsbring new and exciting products to our customers. Our design and product development team conceptualizes each season’s collections through an interactiveprocess, taking into account our brand strategy, product image and market feedback, drawing inspirations from domestic and international fashion trends andcollaborating with both our suppliers and distributors to finetune our designs. In particular, we collaborate with our suppliers to develop a variety of materials andfabrics for our products. We also involve distributors in our product selection process to take advantage of their market intelligence, which helps us to adapt toconstantly changing customer preferences in local markets. Our designers also attend various domestic and international fashion shows to keep abreast of the latestfashion trends.Starting from year 2015, design of our products comes from three channels. In addition to designing products by our inhouse staff, we outsource to certainreputable designers. From time to time, our ODMs also will directly sell their designed products to us.In a typical year, we design and make around 1,500 prototypes. After the initial product selection, internal cost analysis of approved prototypes and final selectionby distributors at the sales fairs, we eventually select approximately 750 designs for mass production. Final design of all of our products will be approved by ourChairman, Mr. Yan.Our Distribution NetworkWe have established a nationwide distribution network consisting of corporate stores and franchised stores covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrallyadministered municipalities.Corporate StoresAs of December 31, 2018, we owned and operated 1 corporate store with the floor area of approximately 120 square meters. As part of our corporate strategy, weclosed 17 corporate stores in last two years because of the low profitability of certain corporate stores. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, salesthrough our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues, respectively.30Table of ContentsWe directly own and operate our corporate store. This direct control enables us to have closer relationship with our ultimate customers and better understanding ofmarket trends and consumer preferences. Required capital for opening of each store depends on the location and area of the designated store. On average, therenovation cost per store is around $67,000 and the first year of rent payment is around $140,000 including premium paid to the previous owner. Rental period variesfrom two to five years. The total capital required to open a new store is generally around $207,000 per store. Once negotiation of rent is concluded, it takes one totwo months to open up a store. We usually open up stores right before a peak season, such as labor holiday in May, National holiday in October and Chinese NewYear in January/February. On average, new stores break even after one to three months of operation.We currently have one standard designs for our corporate stores located in Fujian Province. They were considered as flagship stores for our distributors’ reference.Because in year 2016 and 2015 we closed some corporate stores, the inventories of these stores were cleared through promotion exhibitions we held in the thirdtiercities at lower prices.For corporate stores opened in second tier cities, we normally have a higher aesthetic standard compared with corporate stores in third and fourth tier cities. Wegenerally locate our corporate stores at street level to access high pedestrian flow. Normally, we will sell inseason stock in our secondtier city corporate stores. Oursecondtier city corporate stores are also designed to showcase our marketability to potential distributors so as to induce them to join our distributorship. For storesopened in the third and fourth tier cities, we normally sell some of our slowmoving or offseason stock at a discount due to our awareness of the generally lesseramount of disposable income available to residents of these cities. During certain times of the year, such as the New Year, Chinese New Year and Labor Day, we willorganize promotional discounts together with our franchised stores to attract more customers and increase our stock turnover.Franchised StoresWe sell a substantial amount of our products to our franchised distributors who in turn sell them to retail customers through KBS branded retail stores operated byour distributors or their subdistributors. Since 2013, we have also been selling products to 3 provincial distributors without their own stores, or the nostoredistributors, on a trial basis. We do not have any ownership in, or controlling relationship with, these franchised stores, but we have entered into distributionagreements with them in the Company’s standard form, pursuant to which we require distributors and their subdistributors to sell only KBS products in thesestores. Distributors are responsible for selecting and ordering products from us and overseeing the sales in the stores operated by them and their subdistributors.By selling directly to our distributors, we can recognize revenues upon delivery to our distributors and delegate the distribution responsibilities to our distributors.This allows us to distribute our merchandise to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge of our distributors and theirsubdistributors. This also minimizes our inventory and sales risks while allowing us to allocate our resources to our core competitive strengths of design, brandmanagement and product development. We believe that our cooperation with distributors has enabled us to expand our business and accelerate our sales growth atmuch lower costs and operational risk and achieve brand recognition throughout China.We have been building up our selected franchised distributor network since 2007. As of December 31, 2018, we had 11 franchised distributors who operated 32 retailstores directly or through their subdistributors, all of which were standalone stores, which were typically located in commercial centers, including departmentstores or shopping malls, in their cities. All these distributors have worked with us for about 1 to 8 years. We have not encountered any material dispute or financialdifficulty with our key distributors. The average floor area of each retail store was approximately 78 square meters as of December 2018. The number of retail storeshas grown significantly in recent years from 7 as of December 31, 2006, with the aggregate floor area increasing from 560 square meters as of December 31, 2006 to2,635 square meters as of December 31, 2018. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, sales through our distributors accounted for 73%, 63.3% and78% of our revenues, respectively. 31Table of ContentsDuring each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we had no customer exceeding 10% of our net sales.Sales generated by our five bestperforming franchised distributors accounted for approximately 29.3%, 23.8% and 28.3% of our revenues in the years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Those top distributors have been with us since 2007 or 2008 and have grown organically with us. At the same time,we are exploring more distributors in other regions including relatively small distributors to grow with their businesses. Although we rely on distributors for thesales and marketing of our products, we believe our business is not substantially dependent on any individual distributor.We are highly selective in appointing distributors. We select our distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry,sales channels, business resources, brand promotion capabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. We maintain good relationshipswith many regional or local distributor candidates which we identify through our internal research and external referrals but only appoint a handful of them tobecome our distributors. We evaluate the relevant experience of the distributor candidates in operating retail stores, their financial condition and sources of fundingrequired for the establishment of a regional distribution network and their ability to develop a network of retail stores in the designated distribution region of a givendistributor before we make any appointment.Once appointed, each distributor must enter into a distribution agreement with us. We do not own any interest in any of our distributors, their subdistributors orthe retail stores they operate. The distribution agreements we typically enter into with distributors do not allow us to be involved in the daily operating, financing orother activities of the distributors, except that distributors need to comply with our brand management policies and pricing and store management guidelines. Keyterms of our standard distribution agreement include:●Product Exclusivity. Our distributors are required to sell only our products at KBS branded retail outlets managed by them or authorized retailers.●Geographic Coverage. Distributors are granted exclusive rights to distribute our products (directly and indirectly through their subdistributors) in theretail stores within the specified geographic area with no overlapping of distributors within our distribution network. However, we retain the right to operatedirect stores anywhere regardless of whether we have appointed distributors there.●Duration. The distribution agreements generally have an initial term of one year and are renewable at our discretion after taking into account factors suchas compliance with our brand management policies and sales performance.●Distributor Pricing. Distributors agree to order our products at a discount from our suggested retail prices. The discounted wholesale prices todistributors are classified into the following three categories: provincial distributor at a discount of 35% of retail price, district distributor is 30% of retailprice and the wholesale distributor is 25% of retail price.●Minimum Purchase Requirement. Each of our distributors is customarily expected to purchase a minimum amount of our products for each trade fair heldbiannually according to their present and expected distribution network. The minimum is typically RMB800,000 (approximately $110,000) for each store.●Payment and Delivery. Normally, we expect distributors to pay us RMB0.5 million (approximately $74,000) to RMB1 million (approximately $148,148) as adeposit upon placing an order. Upon delivery of the orders, we will deduct amounts on deposit from the purchase price. For new and small districtdistributors, we normally require them to pay the balance before the delivery of its products. We may also accept payment on credit terms to the extentrequested by distributors experiencing working capital difficulties or encouraging them to order more. The amount and duration of credit granted to eachdistributor will depend on its financial position and creditworthiness. We handle the arrangements for delivery of our products, but the distributors arenormally expected to bear the related costs and expenses.32Table of Contents●Return of Products. We will only accept product returns from distributors for quality reasons and only if the distributors followed our standard proceduresin processing the returned products. So far, we have not experienced any product returns due to expressed quality reasons.●Retail Pricing. Other than at times when we launch promotional campaigns or adjust our strategies, distributors must adopt, and are required to procuretheir subdistributors to adopt, our suggested retail prices for products. Distributors must obtain our consent before launching any distributor specificspecial offers.●Brand Management. Distributors must comply with our brand management policies and store management guidelines. We may impose penalties, forfeitureof deposit, suspend supply of products and terminate the agreement in the event of any breach of such policies.●Termination. We may generally terminate the distribution agreements and seek indemnification in the event of breach by distributors. In the event of sometypes of breach, we may not terminate the agreement but have other remedies. For example, if a distributor fails to order all products provided for under thedistributorship agreement, we may instead impose forfeiture of deposit or withhold certain benefits.When opening new retail stores, our distributors conduct research on the market potential of the proposed retail sites, after which they will provide us with anapplication for opening a new retail store. In reviewing applications, we consider factors including the store location, store layout, available area, marketopportunities, competitors and estimated sales. We conduct selected onsite investigations to verify applications filed by our distributors. Our retail stores aregenerally located in convenient retail locations in their respective cities and thus benefit from high volumes of pedestrian traffic.Effective monitoring of distributors and their retail stores is critical to our success. We have a team in our marketing, sales and distribution department to monitorour distributors’ and their subdistributors’ performance, who conduct onsite inspections of selected retail stores each quarter without prior notice to ensurecompliance with our store management guidelines. According to the results of our inspections, we, from time to time, make suggestions to our distributors withrespect to the opening or closure of their retail stores. Distributors also need to submit to us their annual/ semiannual plans to estimate their orders for the nextseason and their plan to improve the performance of existing retail stores or expand by opening new retail stores. This reporting system enables us to access uptodate sales projections of our distributors and their subdistributors, which reflects the overall level of retail sales of our products. It also provides us with theexpansion plan of each distributor which helps us prepare our overall development plan in a more accurate manner.We invite our distributors, as well as a select number of their subdistributors and retail store managers, to attend our sales fairs, which are held twice a year. Duringthe sales fairs, we discuss with our distributors and their subdistributors the upcoming product line. Apart from participating in two sales fairs each year, ourdistributors visit us from time to time and contact us as necessary, which allows us to have access to updated market information. We also provide training fordistributors and their subdistributors in the areas of sales techniques, customer service and product knowledge, typically prior to the launch of our new collectionseach year. We believe that these investments help to improve the operations of the sales network and provide additional valueadded services to retain ourdistributors and their subdistributors.The following table lists by region the number of retail stores operated by distributors and subdistributors as of December 31, 2018:LocationAs ofDecember 31,2018Fujian6Guangdong2Guangxi3Jiangsu4Anhui2Chongqing4Tianjin3Hebei4Sichuan4Total3233Table of ContentsPricing PolicyWe sell our products to our distributors at uniform discounts from our suggested retail prices. We have a suggested retail price policy that applies to all our storesto help maintain brand image, ensure consistent pricing levels from region to region and prevent price competition among our distributors. In determining our pricingstrategies, we take into account market supply and demand, production cost and the prices of our competitors’ similar products. Our sales representatives collectand record the retail prices of our products sold by our retailers. We analyze the information collected and engage in discussions with our distributors to ensure thatthey follow our pricing policy. See “Franchised Stores” above.ProductionOriginally located in Shishi City in Fujian Province and started production in 2006, our production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China.The facility currently has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famoussportswear producers. Our production facility was operating at full capacity between 2009 and 2012. In 2014, we produced about 0.39 million units at the operatingcapacity of 19.5%; while in 2015,we produced about 0.48 million units at the operating capacity of 24%. In 2016, we produced about 0.54 million units at the operatingcapacity of 27%.In 2017 and 2018, we produced about 0.30 million and 0.49 million units at the operating capacity of 15% and 25%. Since 2011, we have been negotiating with the local government to acquire land use rights for our current facility consisting of 110,557 square meters. We obtaineda portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square meters and 2,440 square meters in March 2012 and May 2012, respectively, and have finishedthe construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factoryin year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with localresidents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. While we cannot guaranteewhen and whether the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land will be eventually completed, we believe we will be in a better position toschedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Once completed, our total production capacity of the facility isexpected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.All of the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers bear the brand name KBS. As of December 31, 2018, we had 3 ODM contractmanufacturers and 3 OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had 3 and 6 OEM contract manufacturers, respectively. Oursourcing strategy is based upon the quality of fabrics and workmanship that our customers expect from the KBS brand. The costs of our outsourced productionamounted to approximately $8.38 million, $10.94 million and$26.1 million for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, accounting forapproximately 27.3%, 31% and 66.8% of our total cost of sales in the respective periods.As of December 31, 2018, our principal ODM and OEM contract suppliers included the following:No.1Bai Tian Ni (Fujian) Clothing fabric Co. Ltd2Shishi Hua Lai Shi Clothing Co. Ltd3Jinjiang City Hongtawanheng trading Co. Ltd4Fujian Gumaite Clothing Technology Co. Ltd5Shishi Rongpeng Clothing Co. Ltd6Hubei Mingyuan Clothing Co. LtdWe are not materially reliant on any single ODM or OEM contract supplier.34Table of ContentsInventory ManagementWe recognize that controlling the level of inventory is important to our overall operational efficiency and cost control. Based on the purchase orders our distributorsand the department store chains place at our biannual sales fairs, we are able to anticipate the demand for our products in advance and plan ahead for our ownmanufacturing and the orders we will be required to place with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We generally plan purchases of raw materials and placemanufacturing orders with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers immediately after each of our two seasonal sales fairs, usually in May for our autumn andwinter products and in October for our spring and summer products, where we confirm sales orders with our distributors and department store chains. This enablesus and our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to have sufficient time, ranging from two to eight weeks, to produce the products and provide our productssuitable for a specific season to our distributors and department store chains on a justintime basis so as to minimize our inventory levels. The alternative way tocontrol cost is when if we have chance to buy materials which the price is much lower than market price, we will buy it in advance and give to OEM contractmanufactures use our material to produce.Quality ControlProduct quality control is a critical aspect of our business. Our dedicated quality control team performs various quality inspection and testing procedures, includingrandom sample testing at different stages of our production process, to ensure that our products meet or exceed the expectations of our consumers. We also performroutine product inspections on every batch of our products and sample testing to ensure consistent quality of our products, including semifinished and finishedproducts.We have implemented a centralized system for procurement and inspection of raw materials and ancillary components to help ensure a stable and high qualitysupply. Those materials and components that fail to meet our tests may be returned to the suppliers for replacement. Our quality control team also carries out qualitycontrol procedures on the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We conduct onsite inspections of our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers before we enter into business relationships with them. We also send our inhouse quality control staff onsite to our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers to monitor the entire production process. The initial product inspections are performed onsite by our staff before these products are shipped to ourheadquarters for further inspection and storage in our warehouse. We also provide technical training to ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to assist them withquality control of the production processes and inspect preproduction samples and finished products from ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We have notencountered any material disruptions to our business as a result of the failure of any of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to meet our quality standards.In order to further improve the quality of our products and shorten our delivery cycle, we intend to increase our control over the manufacturing process andproduction cycle of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers, primarily by requiring our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to implement stricter and morecomprehensive quality control procedures, which cover each stage of the production process, from raw material selection and procurement to finished productspackaging and delivery. We also intend to apply more stringent standards for inspecting products manufactured for us by our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers.Marketing and AdvertisingWe have conducted multichannel marketing campaigns to advertise our products to our target customers through advertising in newspapers, magazines, theInternet, and billboards, and organizing regular and frequent instore marketing activities and road shows.We have implemented strict requirements on our distributors with respect to the display and promotion of our products to ensure consistent branding and enhancemarketing results. Our distributors are required to ensure that our marketing strategies are implemented at the retail outlets managed or authorized by them, includingdisplaying our products according to our specifications and using our billboard advertisements. We also assign sales representatives to monitor the instoredisplays of our products at various retail outlets on a regular basis to help ensure that our retailers have followed our product display policies.In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 our total advertising and promotional expenses amounted to approximately $1.21 million, $1.59 million and $1.55million, respectively, which accounted for approximately 6.6%, 7.5% and 3.8% of our revenues in the respective periods.35Table of ContentsCompetitionThe menswear industry in China is a fragmented industry. Competition mainly comes from local market players such as Exceed, Xiniya, Zuoan and Cabbeen. Webelieves that we differentiate ourselves by providing more fashionable, youngerlooking and leisure products, and competitive pricing without giving up the casualfeel of our products.We compete primarily on the basis of product design, brand recognition, operational efficiency and a low cost structure. Some of our domestic competitors have astronger customer base, greater resources and more industry expertise than us. However, we believe that we can continue to successfully compete with our localcompetitors due to our unique product designs.Intellectual PropertyWe currently have the licenses to use two registered trademarks in the PRC.The registered trademarks on which we have licenses are the following:TrademarkRegistration No.Valid TermKBS4342760Jan 1, 2019 August 28, 2028Ka bi sports5462336March 14, 2010 March 12,2020We believe that these trademarks provide significant value as they are important for marketing and building brand recognition. We are not aware of any third partycurrently using trademarks similar to our trademarks in the PRC on the same products.InsuranceWe do not have any business liability, interruption or litigation insurance coverage for our operations in China. Insurance companies in China offer limited businessinsurance products. While business interruption insurance is available to a limited extent in China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of suchinsurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance.Therefore, we are subject to business and product liability exposure. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—We have limited insurance coverage inChina and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses.”RegulationBecause our primary operating subsidiaries are located in China, we are subject to China’s national and local laws detailed below. We believe that we are in materialcompliance with all registrations and requirements for the issuance and maintenance of all licenses required by the governing bodies and that all license fees andfilings are current. This section summarizes the major PRC regulations relating to our business.Regulations Relating to Foreign InvestmentInvestment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are mainly governed by the Guidance Catalog of Industries for Foreign Investment (2017 revision), or theCatalog, which was promulgated jointly by MOFCOM and the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, on June 28, 2017 and entered into forceon July 28, 2017. The Catalog divides industries into four categories in terms of foreign investment, which are “encouraged,” “restricted,” and “prohibited,” and allindustries that are not listed under one of these categories are deemed to be “permitted.” Establishment of wholly foreignowned enterprises is generally allowed inencouraged and permitted industries. Some restricted industries are limited to equity or contractual joint ventures, while in some cases Chinese partners are requiredto hold the majority interests in such joint ventures. In addition, foreign investment in restricted category projects is subject to government approvals. Foreigninvestors are not allowed to invest in industries in the prohibited category. Industries not listed in the Catalogue are generally open to foreign investment unlessspecifically restricted by other PRC regulations.36Table of ContentsIn June 2018, MOFCOM and NDRC promulgated the Special Management Measures (Negative List) for the Access of Foreign Investment, or the Negative List,effective July 2018. The Negative List expands the scope of permitted industries by foreign investment by reducing the number of industries that fall within theNegative List where restrictions on the shareholding percentage or requirements on the composition of board or senior management still exists. Foreign investmentin valueadded telecommunications services (except for ecommerce) falls within the Negative List.In October 2016, MOFCOM issued the Interim Measures for Recordfiling Administration of the Establishment and Change of Foreigninvested Enterprises, or FIERecordfiling Interim Measures, most recently amended in July 2017. Pursuant to FIE Recordfiling Interim Measures, the establishment and change of foreigninvested enterprises are subject to recordfiling procedures, instead of prior approval requirements, provided that such establishment or change does not involvespecial entry administration measures. If the establishment or change of foreigninvested enterprises matters involve the special entry administration measures, theapproval of the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterparts is still required.Regulations Relating to Product QualityThe principal legal provisions governing product liability are set forth in the PRC Product Quality Law, which was promulgated in February 1993 by the SCNPC andamended in July 2000 and August 2009.The PRC Product Quality Law stipulates the responsibilities and obligations of product sellers and producers. Violations of the PRC Product Quality Law may resultin the imposition of fines. In addition, the seller or producer may be ordered to suspend its operations, and its business license may be revoked. There may also bePART IPART IIPART III20F 1 f20f2018_kbsfashiongroup.htm FORM 20FUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F(Mark One)☐REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ___________ to ___________OR¨SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report:Commission file number: 00135715KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)Not Applicable(Translation of Registrant’s Name Into English)Republic of the Marshall Islands(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)Xin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of China(Address of Principal Executive Offices)Mr. Keyan Yan, Chief Executive OfficerXin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of ChinaTel: + (86) 595 8889 6198Fax: (86) 595 8850 5328(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of Each ClassName of Each Exchange On Which RegisteredCommon Stock, $0.0001 par valueNASDAQ Capital MarketSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.Units, Common Stock Purchase Warrants(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.None(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report(December 31, 2018): 2,271,299Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐No ☒If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of“large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large Accelerated Filer ☐Accelerated Filer ☐NonAccelerated Filer ☒Emerging Growth Company☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting StandardsCodification after April 5, 2012.Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:U.S. GAAP ☐International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting StandardsBoard ☒Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ☐ Item17 ☐Item 18If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒Annual Report on Form 20FYear Ended December 31, 2018TABLE OF CONTENTSPageITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS2A.Directors and Senior Management2B.Advisors2C.Auditors2ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE2A.Offer Statistics2B.Method and Expected Timetable2ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATION2A.Selected Financial Data2B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY24A.History and Development of the Company24B.Business Overview26C.Organizational Structure42D.Property, Plants and Equipment43ITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS44ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS44A.Principal Factors Affecting Financial Performance45B.Liquidity and Capital Resources50C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.51D.Trend Information51E.Off Balance Sheet Arrangements51F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations52G.Safe Harbor62ITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES63A.Directors and Senior Management63B.Compensation64C.Board Practices65D.Employees66E.Share Ownership66ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS67A.Major Shareholders67B.Related Party Transactions67C.Interests of Experts and Counsel67iTable of ContentsITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATION67A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information67B.Significant Changes68ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTING68A.Offer and Listing Details68B.Plan of Distribution68C.Markets68D.Selling Shareholders68E.Dilution68F.Expenses of the Issue68ITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATION69A.Share Capital69B.Memorandum and Articles of Association69C.Material Contracts71D.Exchange Controls71E.Taxation74F.Dividends and Paying Agents79G.Statement by Experts79H.Documents on Display79I.Subsidiary Information79ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK79ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES80A.Debt Securities80B.Warrants and Rights80C.Other Securities80D.American Depositary Shares80ITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES81ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS81ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES81A.Disclosure Controls and Procedures81B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting81C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm81D.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting82ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT82ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICS82ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES82ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES82ITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS83ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT83ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCE83ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE83ITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 19.EXHIBITS84iiTable of ContentsINTRODUCTORY NOTESUse of Certain Defined TermsExcept as otherwise indicated by the context and for the purposes of this report only, references in this report to:●“KBS,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” are to KBS Fashion Group Ltd., a company organized in the Republic of the Marshall Islands;●““KBS International,” refers to KBS International Holding Inc., a Nevada corporation, which was dissolved in August 2014;●“Hongri PRC,” refers to Hongri (Fujian) Sports Goods Co., Ltd., which is our wholly owned subsidiary organized in the PRC;●“Hongri International” are to Hongri International Holdings Limited, which is our wholly owned subsidiary and a company organized in the BVI;●“BVI” are to the British Virgin Islands;●“Hong Kong” are to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China;●“PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China;●“SEC” are to the Securities and Exchange Commission;●“Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;●“Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;●“Renminbi” and “RMB” are to the legal currency of China; and●“U.S. dollars,” “dollars” and “$” are to the legal currency of the United States.ForwardLooking InformationIn addition to historical information, this report contains forwardlooking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of theExchange Act. We use words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “target,” “plan,” “optimistic,” “intend,” “aim,” “will” or similar expressions whichare intended to identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, among others, those concerning market and industry segment growth and demandand acceptance of new and existing products; any projections of sales, earnings, revenue, margins or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategiesand objectives of management for future operations; and any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, as well as all assumptions,expectations, predictions, intentions or beliefs about future events. You are cautioned that any such forwardlooking statements are not guarantees of futureperformance and involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions, which, if they were to ever materialize or prove incorrect, could cause the results of theCompany to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forwardlooking statements. Potential risks and uncertainties include, among other things, thepossibility that we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues and profits due to our failure to anticipate consumer preferences and develop newmenswear products, our failure to execute our business expansion plan, changes in domestic and foreign laws, regulations and taxes, changes in economicconditions, uncertainties related to China’s legal system and economic, political and social events in China, a general economic downturn, a downturn in thesecurities markets, and other risks and uncertainties which are generally set forth under Item 3 “Key information—D. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and our other filings with the SEC. These reports attempt toadvise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects. The forwardlookingstatements made in this report speak only as of the date hereof and we disclaim any obligation, except as required by law, to provide updates, revisions oramendments to any forwardlooking statements to reflect changes in our expectations or future events.On February 3, 2017, approved by the shareholders, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen (1for15) reverse stock split of the Company’s issued andoutstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided that shareholders are entitled to receive the number ofshares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Stock Market on a splitadjusted basis when themarket opened on February 9, 2017. All references in this report to share and per share data have been adjusted, including historical data which have beenretroactively adjusted, to give effect to the reverse stock split unless specified otherwise.1Table of ContentsPART IITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERSA.Directors and Senior ManagementNot applicable.B.AdvisorsNot applicable.C.AuditorsNot applicable.ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLEA.Offer StatisticsNot applicable.B.Method and Expected TimetableNot applicable.ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATIONA.Selected Financial DataThe following table presents selected financial data regarding our business. It should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and relatednotes contained elsewhere in this annual report and the information under Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” The selected consolidatedstatements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, and the selected consolidated statements of financialposition data as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are included in this annual reportbeginning on page F1. The selected consolidated statements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the selectedconsolidated statements of financial position data as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements thatare not included in this annual report.Our consolidated financial statements were prepared and presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by theInternational Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The selected financial data information is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the historicalconsolidated financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere herein. The financial statements contained elsewhere fully represent our financial conditionand operations; however, they are not indicative of our future performance.2Table of ContentsYears ended December 31,20182017201620152014Statement of Income DataTotal revenue$18,535,116$23,762,536$41,200,205$61,343,681$58,832,481Total cost of sales(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)(46,511,274)(39,416,973)Gross profit(2,316,136)(11,511,816)2,158,27214,832,40719,415,508Distribution and selling expenses(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)(6,621,256)(7,191,606)Administrative expenses(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)2,798,082(4,649,229)Profit for the year(17,968,597)(14,815,596)(11,902,688)1,243,6706,876,982Total comprehensive income for the year(20,040,295)(10,004,880)(18,028,121)(4,801,102)6,526,172Outstanding shares2,299,9151,860,8311,750,1421,694,4891,694,489Earnings per share, basic diluted8.067.966.800.734.06Balance Sheet DataCash and cash equivalents$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,341$21,214,080$20,604,583Noncurrent assets29,837,87540,966,31934,754,94247,221,52952,929,386Current assets31,328,13140,343,38656,343,82362,098,95162,093,570Working capital24,463,44633,060,87748,647,18553,598,85452,704,076Total assets61,166,00681,309,70591,098,765109,310,480115,022,956Current liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,500,0979,389,493Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,503,5069,404,880Equity54,301,32174,027,19683,402,127100,816,974105,618,076B.Capitalization and IndebtednessNot applicable.C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of ProceedsNot applicable.D.Risk FactorsAn investment in our capital stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the otherinformation included in this annual report, before making an investment decision. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial conditionor results of operations could suffer. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.3Table of ContentsRISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSGeneral economic conditions, including a prolonged weakness in the economy, may affect consumer discretionary spending, which could adversely affect ourbusiness and financial performance.The apparel industry has historically been subject to substantial cyclical variations. Our business and financial performance are dependent on a number of factorsimpacting consumer discretionary spending, including general economic and business conditions; consumer confidence; wages and employment levels; thehousing market; consumer debt levels; availability of consumer credit; credit and interest rates; fuel and energy costs; energy shortages; taxes; general politicalconditions, both domestic and abroad. Consumer product purchases, including purchases of our products, may decline during recessionary periods. Our ability toaccess the capital markets may be restricted at a time when we would like, or need, to raise capital, which could impair on our ability to open additional stores orbuild additional manufacturing lines. In addition, as domestic and international economic conditions change, trends in consumer spending on discretionary items,including our merchandise, become unpredictable and subject to reductions due to economic uncertainties. A prolonged economic recovery or an uncertain outlookin the economy could result in additional declines in consumer discretionary spending, which could materially affect our financial performance.A contraction in apparel sales and production could impair our results of operations and liquidity and jeopardize our supply base.Apparel sales and production are cyclical and depend, among other things, on general economic conditions and consumer spending and preferences. As thevolume of apparel production fluctuates, the demand for our products also fluctuates. A contraction in apparel sales could harm our results of operations andliquidity. In addition, our suppliers would also be subject to many of the same consequences which could pressure their results of operations and liquidity.Depending on an individual supplier’s financial condition and access to capital, its viability could be challenged which could impact its ability to perform as weexpect and consequently our ability to meet our own commitments.If we are unable to anticipate consumer preferences and develop new menswear products, we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues andprofits.Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define apparel trends as well as to anticipate, gauge and react to changing consumer demands formenswear in a timely manner. Our target market of consumers comprises urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 with moderatetohigh levels of disposableincome. Our business is particularly sensitive to their fashion preferences, which cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumeracceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, and our future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes. If we failto anticipate accurately and respond to trends and shifts in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing product offerings, developing new products,designs, styles and categories, we could experience lower sales, excess inventories and lower profit margins. In a distressed economic and retail environment, manyof our competitors may engage in aggressive activities, such as markdowns or other promotional sales to dispose of excess, slowmoving inventory, furtherincreasing the need to react appropriately to changing consumer preferences and fashion trends. Failure to do so could adversely affect the level of acceptance ofour products, our brand image and our relationship with our distributors, and therefore have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results ofoperations.The apparel industry is highly competitive, and if we fail to compete effectively, we could lose our market position.The menswear industry is highly competitive in China and worldwide. We compete with various domestic brands with similar business models and target markets.We also compete with a growing number of international brands trying to expand their market share in China to take advantage of rising consumer spending oncasual menswear. Our primary international and domestic competitors include Exceed, Xiniya, Cabbeen, GXG and NQ. Some of our competitors are significantlylarger and have greater financial resources than we do. In order to compete effectively, we must: (1) maintain the image of our brands and our reputation forinnovation and high quality; (2) be flexible and innovative in responding to rapidly changing market demands on the basis of brand image, style, performance andquality; and (3) offer consumers a wide variety of high quality products at competitive prices.4Table of ContentsThe purchasing decisions of consumers are highly subjective and can be influenced by many factors, such as brand image, marketing programs and productfeatures. Some of our competitors enjoy competitive advantages, including greater brand recognition and greater financial resources for competitive activities, suchas sales, marketing and strategic acquisitions. The number of our direct competitors and the intensity of competition may increase as we expand into other productlines or as other companies expand into our product lines. Our competitors may enter into business combinations or alliances that strengthen their competitivepositions or prevent us from taking advantage of such combinations or alliances. Our competitors also may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than wecan to new or changing opportunities, standards or consumer preferences. Our results of operations and market position may be adversely impacted by ourcompetitors and the competitive pressures in the menswear industries.Failure to effectively promote or develop our brand could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.We sell all our products under the KBS brand, from which we derive most of our revenues. Brand image is an important factor that affects a customer’s purchasingdecision for menswear products. Our success therefore depends on, among other things, market recognition and acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture,lifestyle, and images associated with the brand, some of which may not be within our control. We have limited control over our distributors that we rely upon to sellour products, which may limit our ability to ensure a consistent brand image. See “Risks Factors Related to Our Business –We have limited control over the ultimateretail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhere to, or fail to cause the third party retail outletoperators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.” We began designing, promoting, and selling KBS branded products in China in 2006. To effectivelypromote KBS brand, we need build and maintain the brand image by focusing on a variety of promotional and marketing activities to promote brand awareness, aswell as to increase its presence in the markets in which we compete. There is no assurance that we will be able to effectively promote or develop KBS brand, and ifwe fail to do so, the goodwill of KBS brand may be undermined and our business as well as our financial results may be adversely affected. In addition, negativepublicity or disputes regarding KBS brand, products, company, or management could materially and adversely affect public perception of KBS brand. Any impact onour ability to continue to sell KBS brand or any significant damage to KBS brand’s image could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends on the continued service of our senior executives and other key employees. In particular, we rely on the expertise, experience,and business contacts, of Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ms. Lixia Tu, our Director and Chief Financial Officer and Mr. ThemisKalapotharakos, our director. If one or more of our senior executives are unable or unwilling to continue to work for us in their present positions, we may have tospend a considerable amount of time and resources searching, recruiting, and integrating the replacements into our operations, which would substantially divertmanagement’s attention from and severely disrupt the Company business. This may also adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategy. Moreover, ifany of our senior executives joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, suppliers and key employees.Failure to execute our business expansion plan could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.A large part of our initial growth resulted from an increase in the number of our retail sales outlets, including corporate and franchised stores, and the increased salesvolume and profitability provided by these sales outlets. The number of our sales outlets increased from 8 in 2006 to 33 in year 2018.5Table of ContentsWe have our factory located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China, consisting of an aggregate of 110,457 square meters of land. Currently the facility there has aproduction capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year and can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces original equipmentmanufacturer (OEM) products for online stores, regional apparel brands and overseas orders. The construction commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases:Phase 1 consists of the construction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We havecompleted the construction of facilities of Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Phase 3 construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has beendelayed because the local government needs additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Because the time forthe government to resolve this matter is uncertain, we wrote off the land use right of the third parcel of land from account balance, according to the internationalframework reporting standard. Phase 4 includes building production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quartersand living facilities on the third parcel of land. As a result, our commitments to this facility may reduce our liquidity for an indefinite period and until it is completed.We could also indefinitely lose opportunities to expand our sales due to any further delay of our construction.The decision to increase our production capacity was based in part on our projections of market demand for our products and OEM orders from other brand nameowners. If actual customer demand does not meet our projections, we will likely suffer overcapacity problems and may have to leave capacity idle or need to contractout our facilities at an unfavorable price, which may reduce our overall profitability and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our futuresuccess depends on our ability to expand the Company’s business to address growth in demand for our current and future products.Our ability to expand the Company’s business is subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including:●the unavailability of additional funding to invest more in brand recognition such as advertisement, expand our production capacity, purchase additionalfixed assets and purchase raw materials on favorable terms or at all;●our inability to manage an online shop, hire qualified personnel and establish distribution methods;●conditions in the commercial real estate market existing at the time we seek to expand;●delays and cost overruns as a result of a number of factors, many of which may be beyond our control, such as problems with equipment vendors andcontract manufacturers;●failure to maintain high quality control standards;●shortage of raw materials;●our inability to obtain, or delays in obtaining, required approvals by relevant government authorities;●diversion of significant management attention and other resources; and●failure to execute our expansion plan effectively.The expansion of our business may place significant strain on our personnel, management, financial systems and operational infrastructure and may impede ourability to meet any increased demand for our products. To accommodate the Company’s growth, we will need to implement a variety of new and upgradedoperational and financial systems, procedures, and controls, including improvements to our accounting and other internal management systems, by dedicatingadditional resources to our reporting and accounting function and improvements to our record keeping and contract tracking system. We will also need to recruitmore personnel and train and manage our growing employee base. Furthermore, we will need to maintain and expand relationships with our current and futurecustomers, suppliers, distributors and other third parties, and there is no guarantee that we will succeed.In the future, we also intend to invest more resources to research and purchase online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that we will have betteropportunities to expand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores. In addition, we will keep on exploring other areas and business models, such as theuse of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends.If we encounter any of the risks described above or if we are otherwise unable to establish or successfully operate online shops or additional production capacity,we may be unable to grow our business and revenues, reduce our operating costs, maintain our competitiveness or improve our profitability and, consequently, ourbusiness, financial condition, results of operations and prospects will be adversely affected.6Table of ContentsIf we are unable to fund capital expenditures or obtain additional sources of liquidity when we need it, our business may be adversely affected. In addition, ifwe obtain equity financing, the issuance of our equity securities could cause dilution for our stockholders. To the extent we obtain the financing through theissuance of debt securities, our debt service obligations could increase, and we may become subject to restrictive operating and financial covenants.We anticipate that we will make substantial capital investments to expand our business within the next 3 years. There is no assurance that we will have sufficientcash to fund our anticipated capital expenditures. If we need but are unable to obtain adequate financing with on terms favorable to us, we may be unable tosuccessfully maintain our operations and accomplish our growth strategy. In addition, we may be unable to generate sufficient cash internally or obtain alternativesources of capital to fund our proposed capital expenditures, take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures. As a result, we mayseek to sell additional equity securities, debt securities, or borrow from lending institutions. Any issuance of equity securities could cause dilution for ourstockholders. Any incurrence of indebtedness could increase our debt service obligations and cause us to be subject to restrictive operating and financecovenants. Our ability to obtain external financing in the future is also subject to a number of uncertainties, including:●Our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;●general market conditions for financing activities by companies in our industry;●economic, political and other conditions in China and elsewhere; and●uncertain economic prospect and tightened credit markets resulting from the recent global economic slowdown and financial market crisis.If we are unable to obtain funding in a timely manner or on commercially acceptable terms, or at all, our growth prospects and future profitability may be materiallyadversely affected. Adverse changes in the capital markets could make it difficult to obtain capital or obtain it at attractive rates.Our past results may not be indicative of our future performance and evaluating our business and prospects may be difficult.Our business has gone through various stages of the business life cycle in recent years as demonstrated by our growth in net sales, which reached $99.6 million forthe year ended December 31, 2013, while in 2014 our net sales decreased by 40% to $58.8 million and in year 2015 net sales went up slightly by 4.3% to $61.3 million,our net sales decreased by 32.8% to $41.2 million in 2016, net sales decreased 42% to $23.8 million in 2017 and net sales further decreased 22% to $18.53 million in2018. The decrease in sales in 2016, 2017 and 2018 as compared with 2013 was mainly due to the slowdown of the Chinese economic growth and a challenging retailenvironment. As a result, we cannot assure that we will be able to achieve similar growth in future periods as recent years before 2014, and our historical operatingresults may not provide a meaningful basis for evaluating our business, financial performance and prospects. Moreover, our ability to achieve satisfactoryproduction results at higher volumes is unproven. Therefore, you should not rely on our past results or our historical rate of growth as an indication of our futureperformance.We experience fluctuations in operating results.Our annual and quarterly operating results have fluctuated, and are expected to continue to fluctuate. Among the factors that may cause our operating results tofluctuate are customers’ response to merchandise offerings, the timing of the rollout of new sales outlets, seasonal variations in sales, the timing of merchandisereceipts, the level of merchandise returns, changes in merchandise mix and presentation, our cost of merchandise, unanticipated operating costs, and other factorsbeyond our control, such as general economic conditions and actions of competitors.We have historically experienced seasonal fluctuations in our sales. A substantial portion of our revenues are typically earned during the second and fourthquarters and we generally experience lowest revenues during the first and third quarters. If sales during the second and fourth quarters are lower than expected, ouroperating results would be adversely affected, and it would have a disproportionately large impact on our annual operating results. The sales of our products arealso affected by local spending behavior, which are typically affected by seasonal shopping patterns during major Chinese holidays.7Table of ContentsAs a result of these factors, we believe that periodtoperiod comparisons of historical and future results will not necessarily be meaningful and should not be reliedon as an indication of future performance.Our failure to collect the trade receivables or untimely collection could affect our liquidity.Our distributors place advance purchase orders twice a year. From 2015 to 2018, we typically expect and receive payment within 30180 days of product delivery. Inaddition, approximately 83.2% of accounts receivables are within a 180 days credit term. Starting in September 2015, we extended credit to some of our customers to150180 days without requiring collaterals. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of the financial condition of our customers and we generally require no collateralfrom our distributors and authorized retailers to secure their payment obligations. However, our sales going forward may rely more heavily on credit, and if weencounter future problems collecting amounts due from our clients or if we experience delays in the collection of amounts due from our clients, our liquidity could benegatively affected.The Chinese economy experienced a softening of economic growth, and the apparel industry is also facing a downturn. The impact of the current and possiblefuture economic downturn on our distributors cannot be predicted and may be severe, causing a significant impact on their business. As a result, our financialcondition and result of operations could be negatively affected. In addition, if they cannot continue their orders of our products due to the failure of paying us forits previous purchases, our brand image and reputation may be materially negatively affected as well.We rely on distributors for a substantial portion of our sales and the loss of any of our large distributors would harm our business. A substantial portion of our sales are made to distributors that resell our products. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, distributors accounted forapproximately 67% and 73% of our total sales, respectively, and our top five distributors accounted for approximately 23.8% and 34.8% of our total sales,respectively. The marketing efforts of our distributors are critical for our success. If we fail to attract additional distributors, and our existing distributors do notpromote our products at the same or at a greater level than the products of our competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could beadversely affected.Furthermore, there is no assurance that any of our distributors will satisfy the sales targets set forth in their distribution agreements and we or they may not wish torenew the distribution agreements in future years. Moreover, our distributors are not obliged to continue to place orders with the Company at the same level asbefore or at all and there is no assurance that we would be able to obtain orders from other distributors to replace any such lost sales on terms satisfactory to us orall. If any of our largest distributors substantially reduces its purchases from us, or otherwise fails to renew its distribution agreement with us, we may suffer asignificant loss of sales and our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We have limited control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhereto, or fail to cause the third party retail outlet operators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.We rely on the contractual obligations set forth in the distribution agreements that we enter into with our distributors, as well as policies and standards we formulatefrom time to time, to impose our retail policies on these distributors in respect of the franchisee retail outlets. In addition, as we do not enter into any agreementswith the third party retail outlet operators, we rely on our distributors to ensure that these franchisee retail outlets operate in accordance with our retail policies. Assuch, our control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and the franchisee retail outlet operators is limited. There is no assurance that our distributors orthe third party franchisee retail outlet operators will comply with, or that the distributors will enforce, our retail policies. As a result, we may not be able to effectivelymanage our sales network or maintain a uniform brand image, and cannot assure you that franchisee retail outlets would continue to offer quality services toconsumers.8Table of ContentsIn addition, if any of the distributors or third party franchisee retail outlet operators experiences difficulties in selling our products in the retail market, they mayattempt to disregard our pricing policies and liquidate their excessive inventory buildup through aggressive discounts, which may damage the image and the valueof our brand. There is no assurance that we will be able to, in a timely manner, impose penalties on or replace any distributors who consistently fail to comply with,or fail to cause the third party franchisee retail outlet operators appointed by them to comply with, our retail policies in their operation of franchisee retail outlets. Insuch event, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We may not be able to accurately track the inventory levels at our distributors, retailers or department store concessions.Our ability to track the sales by our distributors to thirdparty retailers and the ultimate retail sales by the retailers, and consequently their respective inventorylevels, is limited. We implement a policy to require our distributors to provide us with their sales reports on a weekly basis and we carry out random onsiteinspections of our distributors to track their inventories. The purpose of tracking the inventory level is mainly to gather information regarding the market acceptanceof our products so that we can reflect consumers’ preferences in the design and development of our products for the next season. The tracking of inventory levelalso helps us to understand the market recognition of our products in a particular region, and thus allows us to adjust our marketing strategy if necessary. Theimplementation of the policy, however, requires the distributors to accurately report the relevant data to us in a timely manner, which is largely dependent on thecooperation of the Company’s distributors. We may not always obtain the required data in time and the data provided to us by our distributors may be inaccurate orincomplete.Inaccurate, mistaken, incomplete or delayed data regarding inventory levels may mislead the Company to make wrong business judgments for its production,marketing efforts and sales strategies. If that happens, our operations and financial results may be materially adversely affected. In addition, if we cannot manageinventory levels properly, future orders of our products may be reduced, which would materially adversely affect our future business, financial condition, results ofoperation and prospects.Our operations could be materially adversely affected if we fail to effectively manage our relationships with, or lose the services of, our OEM contractmanufacturers.The production of our brand name products are 100% outsourced to PRCbased thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2018 and2017 we had 5 and 6 contract manufacturers, respectively. Purchases from our top five OEM contract manufacturers accounted for approximately 92% and 88.6% ofour total purchases for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As we do not enter into longterm contracts with our OEM contractmanufacturers, they may decide not to accept our future OEM orders on the same or similar terms, or at all. If an OEM contract manufacturer decides to substantiallyreduce its volume of supply to us or to terminate its business relationship with us, we may not be able to find a proper replacement in a timely manner and may beforced to default on the agreements with our distributors that sell our products. This may negatively impact our revenues and adversely affect our reputation andrelationships with our distributors that sell our products, causing a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.Further, if any of our OEM contract manufacturers fails to provide the required number of products meeting our quality standards, we may have to delay delivery ofproducts to our distributors, become unable to supply products at all, or even recall products previously dispatched. This could cause the Company to loserevenues or market share and damage our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operationsand prospects. In addition, some OEM contract manufacturers may not fully comply with certain laws, such as labor and environmental laws. If any of our OEMcontract manufacturers is found to have violated laws and regulations in the PRC, media reports on such violations may negatively affect our reputation and image,resulting in material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.9Table of ContentsWhile we provide the designs of our products to the OEM contract manufacturers, as well as guidance for manufacturing the products ordered by us, we do nothave direct control over the OEM contract manufacturers. If any of them is involved in unauthorized production and sale of goods using the KBS brand, ourreputation, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.As the Company grows, our reliance on OEM contract manufacturers may also grow as our added production capacity may not be sufficient to keep pace with theincreased production requirements driven by our growth. We may not be able to find sufficient additional OEM contract manufacturers to produce our products onthe same or similar terms as our existing OEM contract manufacturers, and we may not be able to achieve our growth and development goals.Any interruption in our operations could impair our financial performance and negatively affect our brand. Our operations are complicated and integrated, involving the coordination of thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers and external distribution processes. Whilethese operations are modified on a regular basis in an effort to improve outsourcing and distribution efficiency and flexibility, we may experience difficulties incoordinating the various aspects of our operations processes, thereby causing downtime and delays. In addition, we may encounter interruption in our operationsprocesses due to a catastrophic loss or events beyond our control, such as fires, explosions, labor disturbances or violent weather conditions. Any interruptions inour operations or capabilities at our facilities could result in our inability to procure our products, which would reduce our net sales and earnings for the affectedperiod. If there are delays in delivery times to our customers, our business and reputation could be severely affected. Any significant delays in deliveries to ourcustomers could lead to increased returns or cancellations and cause the Company to lose future sales. The Company currently does not have business interruptioninsurance to offset these potential losses, delays and risks so a material interruption of our business operations could severely damage our business.We rely heavily on our management information system for inventory management, distribution and other functions. If our system fail to perform thesefunctions adequately or if we experience an interruption in our operation, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. The efficient operation of our business is dependent on our management information systems. We rely heavily on our management information systems to manageour order entry, order fulfillment, pricing, pointofsale and inventory replenishment processes. We cannot assure you that our management information system will operate properly or without interruption. Any malfunction to any part or all of our managementinformation system for a prolonged period may cause delays in operations or impairment of our overall business efficiency. We also cannot ensure that the level ofsecurity currently maintained will be sufficient to protect the system from third party intrusions, viruses, lost or stolen data, or similar situations. Additionally, aspart of our growth and development strategy over the next few years, we plan to upgrade and improve our management information system. We cannot assure youthat there will be no interruptions to our management information system during the upgrades or that the new management information system will be able tointegrate fully with the existing information system. The failure of our management information system to perform as we anticipate could disrupt our business and could result in decreased revenue, increased overheadcosts and excess or outofstock inventory levels, causing our business and results of operations to suffer materially. Failure to protect the integrity, security and use of our customers’ information and media could expose us to litigation and materially damage our standingwith our customers. Increasing costs associated with information security — such as increased investment in technology, the costs of compliance with consumer protection laws andcosts resulting from consumer fraud — could cause our business and results of operations to suffer materially. While we have taken significant steps to protectcustomer and confidential information, including entering into confidentiality agreements with relevant employees and incorporate confidentiality clauses in ourpolicies, there can be no assurance that advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments will prevent thecompromise of our customer transaction processing capabilities and personal data. If any such compromise of our security were to occur, it could have a materialadverse effect on our reputation, operating results and financial condition. Any such compromise may materially increase the costs we incur to protect against suchinformation security breaches and could subject us to additional legal risk. Procurement specialists and managers are required to sign a confidentiality agreement. 10Table of ContentsWe have limited insurance coverage in China and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses. Operation of our facilities involves many risks, including equipment failures, natural disasters, industrial accidents, power outages, labor disturbances and otherbusiness interruptions. We do not carry any business interruption insurance, product recall or thirdparty liability insurance for our production facilities or withrespect to our products to cover claims pertaining to personal injury or property or environmental damage arising from defects in our products, product recalls,accidents on our property or damage relating to our operations. While business interruption insurance and other types of insurance are available to a limited extentin China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of such insurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commerciallyreasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Therefore, our existing insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all risks associatedwith our business. As a result, we may be required to pay for financial and other losses, damages and liabilities, including those caused by natural disasters andother events beyond our control, out of our own funds, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our inability to protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights may prevent us from successfully marketing our products and competingeffectively. We believe our trademarks and other intellectual property rights are important to our success and competitive position and recognize the importance of registeringthe trademarks related to our KBS brand for protection against infringement. We currently hold two registered trademarks. Failure to protect our intellectual propertycould harm our brand and our reputation, and adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. Further, enforcing or defending our intellectual property rights,including our trademarks, patents, copyrights and trade secrets, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. We produce, marketand sell our products under registered trademarks. We regard our intellectual property, particularly our trademarks and trade secrets to be of considerable value andimportance to our business and our success. We rely on a combination of trademark, patent, and trade secrecy laws, and contractual provisions to protect ourintellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect these proprietary rights will be adequate or that third parties will notinfringe or misappropriate our trademarks, trade secrets or similar proprietary rights. In addition, there can be no assurance that other parties will not assertinfringement claims against us, and we may have to pursue litigation against other parties to assert our rights. Any such claim or litigation could be costly, and wemay lack the resources required to defend against such claims. In addition, any event that would jeopardize our proprietary rights or any claims of infringement bythird parties could have a material adverse effect on our ability to market or sell our brands, and profitably exploit our products.Environmental regulations impose substantial costs and limitations on our operations. We use chemicals and produce significant emissions in our manufacturing operations. As such, we are subject to various national and local environmental laws andregulations in China concerning issues such as air emissions, wastewater discharges, and solid waste management and disposal. These laws and regulations canrestrict or limit our operations and expose us to liability and penalties for noncompliance. While we believe that our facilities are in material compliance with allapplicable environmental laws and regulations, the risks of substantial unanticipated costs and liabilities related to compliance with these laws and regulations arean inherent part of our business. It is possible that future conditions may develop, arise or be discovered that create new environmental compliance or remediationliabilities and costs. While we believe that we can comply with existing environmental legislation and regulatory requirements and that the costs of compliance havebeen included within budgeted cost estimates, compliance may prove to be more limiting and costly than anticipated.We may be unable to establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, and, as a result, we may be unable to accuratelyreport our financial results or prevent fraud.We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities law. The SEC as required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (“SOX 404”), adoptedrules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal control over financial reporting in its annual report, which mustalso contain management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, the independent registered publicaccounting firm auditing the financial statements of a company that is not a nonaccelerated filer under Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act must also attest to theoperating effectiveness of the company’s internal controls.11Table of ContentsFailure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could result in our inability to accurately report our financial results, prevent or detect fraudor provide timely and reliable financial and other information pursuant to the reporting obligations we have as a public company, which could have a materialadverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, it could cause our investors to lose confidence in the information we report,which could adversely affect our stock price.RISKS RELATED TO DOING BUSINESS IN CHINAOur business operation may be affected if we are forced to relocate our manufacturing facilities and stores.We leased the premises for our office located in Shishi and one corporate store. However, none of our lease agreements have been registered with the relevantgovernmental agencies. According to our PRC legal counsel, without registration, our rights to use and occupy the premises may not be secured if any third partiessuch as other tenants who have registered their lease agreements challenge us under PRC law. Moreover, while we have taken various measures to verify theownership of property such as checking utility bills and search government records, most of our landlords have declined to confirm whether they possess theproperty ownership certificates and land use rights certificates for our properties. As a result, we have been unable to verify whether third parties may assert theirownership rights under PRC law against most of our landlords or challenge most of our leases in the future. If our rights to use the premises are challenged, we maybe forced to relocate to other premises. We may not be able to relocate to a suitable premise promptly or lease alternative premises on terms at least as favorable asour existing ones. In addition, relocation costs and interruption of production may have a material adverse effect on our business operation and financialperformance.Changes in the economic and political policies of the PRC government could have a material and adverse effect on our business and operations.We conduct substantially all our business operations in China. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are significantly dependenton economic and political developments in China. China’s economy differs from the economies of developed countries in many aspects, including the level ofdevelopment, growth rate and degree of government control over foreign exchange and allocation of resources. While China’s economy has experienced significantgrowth in the past 30 years, the growth has been uneven across different regions and periods and among various economic sectors in China. We cannot assure youthat China’s economy will continue to grow, or that if there is growth, such growth will be steady and uniform, or that if there is a slowdown, such slowdown will nothave a negative effect on its business and results of operations.The PRC government exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, control over payment of foreign currencydenominated obligations, implementation of monetary policy, and preferential treatment of particular industries or companies. Certain measures adopted by the PRCgovernment may restrict loans to certain industries, such as changes in the statutory deposit reserve ratio and lending guidelines for commercial banks by thePeople’s Bank of China, or PBOC. These current and future government actions could materially affect our liquidity, access to capital, and ability to operate ourbusiness.The global financial markets experienced significant disruptions in 2008 and the United States, Europe and other economies went into recession. Since 2012, growthof the Chinese economy has slowed. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources.Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy but may also have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operation could bematerially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, any stimulusmeasures designed to boost the Chinese economy, may contribute to higher inflation, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.See “Risks Related to Doing Business in China Future inflation in China may inhibit our ability to conduct business in China.”12Table of ContentsUncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the legal protections available to you and us.We conduct substantially all of our business through our operating subsidiaries in the PRC. Our operating subsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulationsapplicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws applicable to foreigninvested enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes, andprior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, a series of new PRC laws and regulations have significantlyenhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, since the PRC legal system continues to evolve rapidly, theinterpretations of many laws, regulations, and rules are not always uniform, and enforcement of these laws, regulations, and rules involve uncertainties, which maylimit legal protections available to you and us. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources andmanagement attention. In addition, most of our executive officers and directors are residents of China and not of the United States, and substantially all the assets ofthese persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it could be difficult for investors to affect service of process in the United States or to enforce ajudgment obtained in the United States against our Chinese operations and subsidiaries.You may have difficulty enforcing judgments against us.Most of our assets are located outside of the United States and most of our current operations are conducted in the PRC. In addition, most of our directors andofficers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons is located outside the UnitedStates. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce inU.S. courts judgments on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, most of whom are not residents inthe United States and the substantial majority of whose assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts ofthe PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts. Our counsel as to PRC law has advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgmentsare provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. Courts in China may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRCCivil Procedures Law based on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have anytreaties or other arrangements that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments with the United States. In addition, according to thePRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violatesbasic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security, or the public interest. So, it is uncertain whether a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by acourt in the United States.The PRC government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities.The PRC government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and stateownership. Our ability to operate in China may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, import and export tariffs,environmental regulations, land use rights, property, and other matters. We believe that our operations in China are in material compliance with all applicable legaland regulatory requirements. However, the central or local governments of the jurisdictions in which we operate may impose new, stricter regulations orinterpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations orinterpretations.Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision not to continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more centrally plannedeconomy or regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant effect on economic conditions in China or particularregions thereof and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then hold in Chinese properties or joint venturesRestrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our sales effectively. The majority of our sales will be settled in RMB and U.S. dollars, and any future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit our ability to use revenue generated inRMB to fund any future business activities outside China or to make dividend or other payments in U.S. dollars. Although the Chinese government introducedregulations in 1996 to allow greater convertibility of the RMB for current account transactions, significant restrictions still remain, including primarily the restrictionthat foreigninvested enterprises may only buy, sell or remit foreign currencies after providing valid commercial documents, at those banks in China authorized toconduct foreign exchange business. In addition, conversion of RMB for capital account items, including direct investment and loans, is subject to governmentalapproval in China, and companies are required to open and maintain separate foreign exchange accounts for capital account items. We cannot be certain that theChinese regulatory authorities will not impose more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of the RMB in the future.13Table of ContentsFluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.The value of our securities will be indirectly affected by the foreign exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and RMB and between those currencies and othercurrencies in which our sales may be denominated. Appreciation or depreciation in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial resultsreported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations. Fluctuations in the exchange rate will alsoaffect the relative value of any dividend we issue that will be exchanged into U.S. dollars, as well as earnings from, and the value of, any U.S. dollardenominatedinvestments we make in the future.Since July 2005, the RMB has no longer been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Since then the RMB has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly andunpredictably, and in recent years the RMB has depreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progresstowards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate systemand there is no guarantee that the RMB will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how marketforces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future.Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedgingtransactions. While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited, and we may not beable to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition, our foreign currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrictour ability to convert RMB into foreign currencies. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends and other distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you, and otherwise fund and conduct our business. Substantially all of our sales are earned by our PRC subsidiaries. However, PRC regulations restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make dividends and otherpayments to their offshore parent companies. PRC legal restrictions permit payments of dividends by our PRC subsidiaries only out of their accumulated aftertaxprofits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are also required under PRC laws and regulations toallocate at least 10% of their annual aftertax profits determined in accordance with PRC GAAP to a statutory general reserve fund until the amounts in said fundreaches 50% of their registered capital. Allocations to these statutory reserve funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not transferable to us in the formof loans, advances, or cash dividends. Any limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to transfer funds to us could materially and adversely limit our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends and otherwise fund and conduct our business.PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary toliability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital ordistribute profits.SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing andRoundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as “SAFECircular 75” promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of the SAFE in connection with theirdirect establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets orequity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a “special purpose vehicle.” SAFE Circular 37 furtherrequires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capitalcontributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in aspecial purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profitdistributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent crossborder foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted inits ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described abovecould result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for theForeign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015 by SAFE, local banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration foroverseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under SAFE Circular 37 from June 1, 2015.14Table of ContentsAccording to SAFE Circular 37, our shareholders or beneficial owners, who are PRC residents, are subject to SAFE Circular 37 or other foreign exchangeadministrative regulations in respect of their investment in our company. We have notified substantial beneficial owners of ordinary shares who we know are PRCresidents of their filing obligations. Nevertheless, we may not be aware of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. We do not havecontrol over our beneficial owners and there can be no assurance that all of our PRCresident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE Circular 37 and subsequentimplementation rules, and there is no assurance that the registration under SAFE Circular 37 and any amendment will be completed in a timely manner, or will becompleted at all. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their foreign exchange registrations in a timely manner pursuant toSAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with theregistration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to fines andlegal sanctions. Such failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiary and limitour PRC subsidiary’s ability to distribute dividends to our company. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and resultsof operations.Furthermore, SAFE Circular 37 is unclear how this regulation, and any future regulation concerning offshore or crossborder transactions, will be interpreted,amended and implemented by the relevant PRC government authorities, and we cannot predict how these regulations will affect our business operations or futurestrategy. Failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRCsubsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to us. These risks could in the future have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results ofoperations.We may be unable to complete a business combination transaction efficiently or on favorable terms due to complicated merger and acquisition regulationswhich became effective on September 8, 2006.On August 9, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the China Securities Regulatory Commission, promulgated the Regulation on Mergers and Acquisitionsof Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006, and was subsequently amended in 2009. This regulation, among otherthings, governs the approval process of a PRC company’s participation in an acquisition of assets or equity interests. Depending on the structure of the transaction,the regulation requires the PRC parties to make a series of applications and supplemental applications to the government agencies for approval of acquisition ofassets or equity interests from other entity. In some instances, the application process may require a presentation of economic data concerning the transaction,including appraisals of the target business and evaluations of the acquirer, which are designed to allow the government to assess viability of the transaction.Government approvals will have expiration dates, by which a transaction must be completed and reported to the government agencies. Compliance with theregulation is likely to be more time consuming and expensive than it was in the past, and provides the government more controls over business combination of twoenterprises. As a result, our ability to engage in business combination transactions has become significantly more complicated, time consuming, and expensive. Wemay not be able to negotiate a transaction that is acceptable to our stockholders or sufficiently protect their interests in a transaction.The regulation allows PRC governmental agencies to assess the economic terms of a business combination transaction. Parties to a business combinationtransaction may have to submit to MOFCOM and other relevant government agencies an appraisal report, an evaluation report, and the acquisition agreement, all ofwhich were a part of the application for approval, depending on the structure of the transaction. The regulation also prohibits a transaction with an acquisition priceobviously lower than the appraised value of the PRC business or assets and in certain transaction structures, and requires consideration being paid within a definedperiod, generally not in excess of a year. The regulation also limits our ability to negotiate various terms of the acquisition, including the initial consideration,contingent consideration, holdback provisions, indemnification provisions, and provisions related to the assumption and allocation of assets and liabilities.Transaction structures involving trusts, nominees and similar entities are prohibited. Therefore, such regulation may impede our ability to negotiate and complete abusiness combination transaction on financial terms that satisfy our investors and protect our stockholders’ economic interests.15Table of ContentsPRC regulation of loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion mayrestrict or prevent us from using the proceeds of our future financings to make loans to our PRC subsidiaries, or to make additional capital contributions toour PRC subsidiary.We, as an offshore holding company, are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC subsidiary, which are treated as foreigninvestedenterprises under PRC laws, through loans or capital contributions. However, loans by us to any PRC subsidiary to finance its activities cannot exceed statutorylimits and must be registered with the local counterpart of SAFE and capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary are subject to the requirement of making necessaryfilings in the Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System, and registration with other governmental authorities in China.SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital ofForeigninvested Enterprises, or Circular 19, effective on June 1, 2015, in replacement of the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvementof the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign Invested Enterprises, or Circular 142, the Notice from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Exchange Businesses, or Circular 59, and theCircular on Further Clarification and Regulation of the Issues Concerning the Administration of Certain Capital Account Foreign Exchange Businesses, orCircular 45. According to Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of a foreigninvestedcompany is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans, the repayment of interenterprise loans or the repayment ofbank loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of aforeign invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within the PRC, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFEwill permit such capital to be used for equity investments in the PRC in actual practice. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, whichreiterates some of the rules set forth in Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registeredcapital of a foreigninvested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to grant loans to nonassociated enterprises.Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. Circular 19 and Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer anyforeign currency we hold, including the net proceeds from our future financings, to our PRC subsidiary, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability tofund and expand our business in the PRC.Due to the restrictions imposed on loans in foreign currencies extended to any PRC domestic companies, we are not likely to make such loans to any of our PRCsubsidiaries. Meanwhile, we are not likely to finance the activities of our subsidiaries by means of capital contributions given the restrictions on foreign investmentin the businesses that are currently conducted by our subsidiaries.In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannotassure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, withrespect to future loans to our PRC subsidiary or any consolidated variable interest entity or future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiary. As a result,uncertainties exist as to our ability to provide prompt financial support to our PRC subsidiaries when needed. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain suchapprovals, our ability to use foreign currency, including the proceeds we received from our future financings, and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operationsmay be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.16Table of ContentsAny failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal oradministrative sanctions.Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas nonpubliclylisted companies may submit applications to SAFE orits local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. In the meantime, our directors, executive officers andother employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year, subject to limitedexceptions, and who have been granted restricted shares, options or restricted share units, or RSUs, by us or our overseas listed subsidiaries may follow the Noticeon Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company,issued by SAFE in February 2012, to apply for the foreign exchange registration. According to those regulations, employees, directors and other managementmembers participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC citizens residing in China for acontinuous period of not less than one year, subject to limited exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which may be aPRC subsidiary of the overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines andlegal sanctions and may also limit their ability to make payment under the relevant equity incentive plans or receive dividends or sales proceeds related thereto inforeign currencies, or our ability to contribute additional capital into our domestic subsidiaries in China and limit our domestic subsidiaries’ ability to distributedividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties under PRC law that could restrict our ability or the ability of our overseas listed subsidiaries to adoptadditional equity incentive plans for our directors and employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period ofnot less than one year, subject to limited exceptions.In addition, the State Administration of Taxation has issued circulars concerning employee share options, restricted shares or RSUs. Under these circulars,employees working in the PRC who exercise share options, or whose restricted shares or RSUs vest, will be subject to PRC individual income tax. The PRCsubsidiaries of an overseas listed company have obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authoritiesand to withhold individual income taxes of those employees related to their share options, restricted shares or RSUs. If the employees fail to pay, or the PRCsubsidiaries fail to withhold, their income taxes according to relevant laws, rules and regulations, the PRC subsidiaries may face sanctions imposed by the taxauthorities.Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a “resident enterprise” of China. Such classification will likely result in unfavorable taxconsequences to us and our nonPRC shareholders.On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress of China passed a new Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law. On November 28, 2007, the State Council ofChina passed its implementing rules, which took effect on January 1, 2008. Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto managementbodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise,” meaning that it can be treated in a manner similar to a Chinese enterprise for enterprise income taxpurposes. The implementing rules of the EIT Law define de facto management as “substantial and overall management and control over the production andoperations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise.On April 22, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice Concerning Relevant Issues Regarding Cognizance of Chinese Investment ControlledEnterprises Incorporated Offshore as Resident Enterprises. According to the Criteria of de facto Management Bodies, or the Notice, further interprets the applicationof the EIT Law and its implementation nonChinese enterprise or group controlled offshore entities. Pursuant to the Notice, an enterprise incorporated in an offshorejurisdiction and controlled by a Chinese enterprise or group will be classified as a “nondomestically incorporated resident enterprise” if (i) its senior management incharge of daily operations reside or perform their duties mainly in China; (ii) its financial or personnel decisions are made or approved by bodies or persons in China;(iii) its substantial assets and properties, accounting books, corporate chops, board and shareholder minutes are kept in China; and (iv) at least half of its directorswith voting rights or senior management often resident in China. A resident enterprise would be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on its worldwideincome and must pay a withholding tax at a rate of 10%, when paying dividends to its nonPRC shareholders. However, it remains unclear as to whether the Notice isapplicable to an offshore enterprise incorporated by a Chinese natural person, nor detailed measures on imposition of tax from nondomestically incorporatedresident enterprises are available. Therefore, it is unclear how tax authorities will determine tax residency based on the facts of each case.17Table of ContentsWe may be deemed to be a resident enterprise by Chinese tax authorities. If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for the PRCenterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on financingproceeds and nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although, under the EIT Law and its implementingrules, dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued a guidance with respect to the processingof outbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for the PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidanceissued with respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation, which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to ournonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC stockholders from transferring our shares.Our failure to fully comply with PRC laws relating to social insurance and housing accumulation fund may expose it to potential administrative penalties. The PRC laws and regulations require all employers in China to fully contribute their own portion to the social insurance and housing accumulation funds for theiremployees within a certain period of time. Failure to do so may expose the employers to make rectification for the unpaid contributions by the relevant laborauthority. As of the date of this report, Hongri PRC has not paid housing accumulation funds for its employees. In addition, Hongri PRC failed to make contributions to thesocial insurance in full amount for its employees before 2014. PRC governmental authorities may impose penalties on Hongri PRC for failure to comply. In addition, inthe event that any current or former employee files a complaint with the PRC government, Hongri PRC may be subject to making up the contributions to the socialinsurance and housing accumulation funds as well as paying administrative fines. The total cost of these contributions and any related fines or penalties could besignificant and could have a material adverse effect on our working capital. We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Chinese anticorruption laws, and any determination that we violated these lawscould have a material adverse effect on our business. We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act, or FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and theirofficials and political parties by U.S. persons and issuers as defined by the statute, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have operations,agreements with third parties, and make most of our sales in China. The PRC also strictly prohibits bribery of government officials. Our activities in China create therisk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company, even though they may not alwaysbe subject to our control. It is our policy to implement safeguards to discourage these practices by our employees. However, our existing safeguards and any futureimprovements may prove to be less than effective, and the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company may engage in conduct for whichwe might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA or Chinese anticorruption laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to otherliabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the U.S. government may seek to hold our Companyliable for successor liability FCPA violations committed by companies in which we invest or that we acquire. If we become directly subject to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.listed Chinese companies, we may have to expendsignificant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations, stock price and reputation, and could result in a loss ofyour investment in our stock, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favorably. In the past few years, U.S. publicly traded companies that have substantially all of their operations in China, particularly companies like us have been the subject ofintense scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators, and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism,and negative publicity has centered around financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, lacking effective internal controls over financial accounting,inadequate corporate governance policies or lacking of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, criticism, and negativepublicity, the publicly traded stocks of many U.S. listed Chinese companies have sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, have become virtually worthless.Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions, and are conducting internal and external investigations into theallegations. It is not clear the effect of this sectorwide scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity will have on our Company, our business, and our stock price. If webecome the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources toinvestigate such allegations defending our Company. This situation will be costly, time consuming, and distract our management from growing our company.18Table of ContentsThe disclosures in our reports and other filings with the SEC and our other public pronouncements will not be subject to the scrutiny of any regulatory bodiesin the PRC. Accordingly, our public disclosure should be reviewed in light of the fact that no governmental agency that is located in China where all of ouroperations and business are located have conducted any due diligence on our operations or reviewed or cleared any of our disclosure. Unlike public reporting companies whose operations are located primarily in the United States, however, all of our operations will be located in China. Since all of ouroperations and business takes place in China, it may be more difficult for the Staff of the SEC to overcome the geographic and cultural obstacles that are presentwhen reviewing our disclosure. These same obstacles are not present for similar companies whose operations or business take place entirely or primarily in theUnited States. Furthermore, our SEC reports and other disclosure and public pronouncements are not subject to the review or scrutiny of any PRC regulatoryauthority. For example, the disclosure in our SEC reports and other filings are not subject to the review of the CSRC, a PRC regulator that is tasked with oversight ofthe capital markets in China. Accordingly, you should review our SEC reports, filings and our other public pronouncements with the understanding that no localregulator has done any due diligence on our company and with the understanding that none of our SEC reports, other filings or any of our other publicpronouncements has been reviewed or otherwise been scrutinized by any local regulator. Proceedings instituted by the SEC against five PRCbased accounting firms could result in financial statements being determined to be not in compliance withthe requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.In December 2012, the SEC instituted proceedings under Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) of the SEC’s Rules of Practice against five PRCbased accounting firms alleging that thesefirms had violated U.S. securities laws and the SEC’s rules and regulations thereunder by failing to provide to the SEC the firms’ work papers related to their audits ofcertain PRCbased companies that are publicly traded in the United States. Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) grants to the SEC the authority to deny to any person, temporarily orpermanently, the ability to practice before the SEC who is found by the SEC, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, to have willfully violated, or willfully aidedand abetted the violation of, any such laws or rules and regulations. On January 22, 2014, an initial administrative law decision was issued, sanctioning four of theseaccounting firms and suspending them from practicing before the SEC for a period of six months. The sanction will not take effect until there is an order ofeffectiveness issued by the SEC. In February 2014, four of these PRCbased accounting firms filed a petition for review of the initial decision. In February 2015, eachof these four accounting firms agreed to a censure and to pay fine to the SEC to settle the dispute with the SEC. The settlement stays the current proceeding for fouryears, during which time the firms are required to follow detailed procedures to seek to provide the SEC with access to Chinese firms’ audit documents via the CSRC.If a firm does not follow the procedures, the SEC would impose penalties such as suspensions, or commence a new, expedited administrative proceeding against thenoncompliant firm or it could restart the administrative proceeding against all four firms.If our independent registered public accounting firm were denied, temporarily or permanently, the ability to practice before the SEC, and we are unable to find in atimely manner another registered public accounting firm which can audit and issue a report on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determinedto not be in compliance with the requirements for financial statements of public companies with a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the SEC’s revocation of the registration of our common stock under theExchange Act, which would cause the immediate delisting of our common stock from the NASDAQ Capital Market, and the effective termination of the tradingmarket for our common stock in the United States, which would likely have a significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.19Table of ContentsOur holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should we decide inthe future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depend upon the receipts of dividends or other payments fromour operating subsidiaries, other holdings, and investments. In addition, our operating subsidiaries, from time to time, may be subject to restrictions on their abilityto make distributions to us, including as a result of restrictive covenants in loan agreements, restrictions on the conversion of local currency into U.S. dollars orother hard currency, and other regulatory restrictions as discussed below. If future dividends are paid in RMB, fluctuations in the exchange rate for conversion ofRMB into U.S. dollars may reduce the amount received by the U.S. stockholders upon conversion of dividend payments into U.S. dollars.Chinese regulations currently permit the payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards andregulations. Our subsidiaries in China are also required to set aside a portion of their aftertax profits to fund certain reserve funds according to the Chineseaccounting standards and regulations. Currently, our subsidiaries in China are the only sources of revenues or investment holdings for the payment of dividends. Ifthey do not accumulate sufficient profits under Chinese accounting standards and regulations to satisfy certain reserve funds as required by the Chineseaccounting standards, we will be unable to pay any dividends.Aftertax profits/losses with respect to the payment of dividends from accumulated profits and the annual appropriation of aftertax profits as calculated pursuant tothe Chinese accounting standards and regulations do not result in significant differences as compared to aftertax earnings as presented in our financial statements.However, there are certain differences between PRC accounting standards and regulations and U.S. GAAP, arising from different treatment of items such asamortization of intangible assets and change in fair value of contingent consideration rising from business combinations.RISKS RELATED TO THIS OFFERING AND THE MARKET FOR OUR SECURITIES GENERALLYIf we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of NASDAQ, we would face possible delisting, which would result in a limited public market for ourshares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Our common stock is traded and listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “KBSF.” The common stock may be delisted if we fail to maintain certainNasdaq listing requirements. For instance, companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bidprice per share of $1.00 for 30 consecutive business days. On March 3, 2016, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the 30 consecutive businessdays between January 20, 2016 and March 2, 2016, the bid price of our common stock closed below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQListing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued inclusion on The NASDAQ Capital Market. In accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we had an initial graceperiod of 180 calendar days, or until August 30, 2016, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. After the Company effectuated a oneforfifteenreverse stock split of the outstanding common stock, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq on February 27, 2017 stating that because the Company maintainedthe closing bid price of its common stock at $1.00 per share or greater from February 9 to February 24, 2017, they determined that the Company has regainedcompliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement.We cannot ensure you that we will continue to comply with the requirements for continued listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If our commonstock is no longer listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market, our shares would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our shares could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, andsecurity analysts’ coverage of us may be reduced. In addition, in the event our shares are delisted, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed uponthem, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions in our shares, further limiting the liquidity of our shares. These factors could result in lowerprices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our shares. Such delisting from The NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our shareprice could also greatly impair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing, and could significantly increase the ownershipdilution to shareholders caused by our issuing equity in financing or other transactions.20Table of ContentsIf we were delisted from NASDAQ, we may become subject to the trading complications experienced by “Penny Stocks” in the overthecounter market.Delisting from NASDAQ may cause our shares of common stock to become the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. The SEC generally defines a penny stock as an equitysecurity that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. One such exemption is tobe listed on NASDAQ. The market price of our common stock is currently higher than $1.00 per share. However, because the daily trading volume in our commonstock is very low, significant price movement can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Therefore, were we to be delisted from NASDAQ,our common stock may become subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. These rules require, among other things, that any broker engaging in a purchase or sale ofour securities provide its customers with: (i) a risk disclosure document, (ii) disclosure of market quotations, if any, (iii) disclosure of the compensation of the brokerand its salespersons in the transaction and (iv) monthly account statements showing the market values of our securities held in the customer’s accounts. A brokerwould be required to provide the bid and offer quotations and compensation information before effecting the transaction. This information must be contained on thecustomer’s confirmation. Generally, brokers are less willing to effect transactions in penny stocks due to these additional delivery requirements. These requirementsmay make it more difficult for shareholders to purchase or sell our shares. Because the broker, not us, prepares this information, we would not be able to assure thatsuch information is accurate, complete or current.Trading in our shares over the last three months has been very limited, so our stock price is highly volatile, leading to the possibility that you may not be able tosell as much stock as you want at prevailing prices.Because approximately 70% of our then issued and outstanding shares of common stock was tendered in the tender offering closed on July 29, 2014, we currentlyhave a limited amount of shares eligible for public trading. The average daily trading volume in our common stock over the last three months is very limited. If limitedtrading in our common stock continues, it may be difficult for investors to sell their shares in the public market at any given time at prevailing prices. Moreover, themarket price for shares of our common stock may be made more volatile because of the relatively low volume of trading in our common stock. When trading volumeis low, significant price movement of our common stock can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Volatility in our common stock couldcause stockholders to incur substantial losses.Numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly.There are numerous additional factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly. Thesefactors include:●our earnings releases, actual or anticipated changes in our earnings, fluctuations in our operating results or our failure to meet the expectations of financialmarket analysts and investors;●changes in financial estimates by us or by any securities analysts who might cover our shares;●speculation about our business in the press or the investment community;●significant developments relating to our relationships with our customers or suppliers;●stock market price and volume fluctuations of other publicly traded companies and, in particular, those that are in our industries;●customer demand for our products;●investor perceptions of our industry in general and our company in particular;●the operating and stock performance of comparable companies;●general economic conditions and trends;●major catastrophic events;●announcements by us or our competitors of new products, significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships or divestitures;●changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretation or principles;●loss of external funding sources;●sales of our shares, including sales by our directors, officers or significant shareholders; and●additions or departures of key personnel.21Table of ContentsSecurities class action litigation is often instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their share price. This type of litigation could result insubstantial costs to us and divert our management’s attention and resources. Moreover, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price andvolume fluctuations for reasons unrelated to operating performance of particular companies. For example, in July 2008, the securities markets in the United States,China and other jurisdictions experienced the largest decline in share prices since September 2001. These market fluctuations may adversely affect the price of ourshares and other interests in our company at a time when you want to sell your interest in us.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and do not anticipate paying any cashdividends on our shares. Accordingly, investors must be prepared to rely on sales of their shares after price appreciation to earn an investment return, which maynever occur. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our shares. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion ofour Board of Directors, and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable laws, and otherfactors our board deems relevant.Certain of our shareholders hold a significant percentage of our outstanding voting securities.Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, is the beneficial owner of approximately 37% of our outstanding voting securities. As a result, hepossesses significant influence and can elect a majority of our board of directors and authorize or prevent proposed significant corporate transactions. Hisownership and control may also have the effect of delaying or preventing a future change in control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other businesscombination or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer.Our outstanding warrants may adversely affect the market price of our shares of common stock.There are currently 393,836 warrants outstanding. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50. The sale orpossibility of sale of the shares underlying the warrants could have an adverse effect on the market price for our shares of common stock or our ability to obtainfuture financing. If and to the extent these warrants are exercised, you may experience dilution to your holdings.You will not be able to exercise your redeemable warrants if we do not have an effective registration statement and a prospectus in place when you desire to doso.No redeemable warrants will be exercisable, and we will not be obligated to issue shares of common stock upon exercise of redeemable warrants by a holder unless,at the time of such exercise, we have a registration statement or posteffective amendment under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuableupon the exercise of the redeemable warrants and a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Under the terms of a redeemable warrant agreementbetween American Stock Transfer & Trust Company as warrant agent, and us, we have agreed to use our best efforts to have a registration statement in effectcovering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants from the date the redeemable warrants become exercisable and to maintain acurrent prospectus relating to shares of common stock until the redeemable warrants expire or are redeemed, and to take such action as is necessary to qualify theshares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants for sale in those states in which the IPO was initially qualified. However, we cannotassure you that we will be able to do so. We may be unable to have a registration statement in effect covering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of theredeemable warrants or to maintain a current prospectus relating to such shares of common stock if, for example, we lack the current financial statements necessaryto be included in such registration statement or prospectus. We have no obligation to settle the redeemable warrants for cash, in any event, and the redeemablewarrants may not be exercised and we will not deliver securities therefor in the absence of an effective registration statement and a prospectus available for use. Theredeemable warrants may be deprived of any value, the market for the redeemable warrants may be limited if there is no registration statement in effect covering theshares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the redeemable warrants or the prospectus relating to the shares of common stock issuable upon the exerciseof the redeemable warrants is not current and the redeemable warrants may expire worthless. If you are unable to exercise or sell your redeemable warrants, you willhave paid the full unit price for only the shares of common stock underlying the units.22Table of ContentsHolders of warrants included in the placement units may exercise these warrants even if an effective registration statement and a prospectus is not in place,which means they may be able to exercise such warrants while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.Unlike the warrants underlying the units issued in connection with our IPO, the warrants included in the placement units will not be restricted from being exercisedin the absence of a registration statement under the Securities Act in effect covering the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the such warrantsand a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Therefore, the holders thereof will be able to exercise such warrants regardless of whether the issuanceof the underlying shares of common stock is registered under the Securities Act, while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.We are a “foreign private issuer” and have disclosure obligations that are different than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. Therefore, you should notexpect to receive the same information about us as a U.S. domestic reporting company may provide. Furthermore, if we or lose our status as a foreign privateissuer, we would be required to fully comply with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers and incur significantoperational, administrative, legal, and accounting costs that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer.We are a foreign private issuer. As a result, we are not subject to certain of the requirements imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the SEC. For example, we arenot required by the SEC or the federal securities laws to issue quarterly reports or file proxy statements with the SEC. We are also allowed to file our annual reportwith the SEC within four months of our fiscal year end. We are also not required to disclose certain detailed information regarding executive compensation that isrequired from U.S. domestic issuers. Further, our directors and executive officers are not required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Securities Act. Asa foreign private issuer, we are also exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups ofinvestors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. We are, however, still subject to the antifraud and antimanipulation rules ofthe SEC, such as Rule 10b5. Since many of the disclosure obligations required of us as a foreign private issuer are different than those required by U.S. domesticreporting companies, our shareholders should not expect to receive all of the same types of information about us and at the same time as information is receivedfrom, or provided by, U.S. domestic reporting companies. We are liable for violations of the rules and regulations of the SEC, which do apply to us as a foreignprivate issuer. Violations of these rules could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain NASDAQ corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. Thismay afford less protection to holders of our securities.We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. As a foreign private issuer,we are permitted to follow the governance practices of our home country, the Republic of the Marshall Islands in lieu of certain corporate governance requirementsof Nasdaq. As result, the standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not requiredto:●have a compensation committee and a nominating committee to be comprised solely of “independent directors; and●hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the Company’s fiscal yearend.As a result, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.Future sales or perceived sales of our shares of common stock could depress our stock price.As of the date of this report, we have 2,591,299 shares of common stock outstanding. Many of these shares will become eligible for sale in the public market, subjectto limitations imposed by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. If the holders of these shares were to attempt to sell a substantial amount of their holdings at once, themarket price of our common stock could decline. Moreover, the perceived risk of this potential dilution could cause shareholders to attempt to sell their shares andinvestors to short the common stock, a practice in which an investor sells shares that he or she does not own at prevailing market prices, hoping to purchase shareslater at a lower price to cover the sale. As each of these events would cause the number of shares of our common stock being offered for sale to increase, ourcommon stock market price would likely further decline. All of these events could combine to make it very difficult for us to sell equity or equityrelated securities inthe future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.23Table of ContentsHolders of our securities may face difficulties in protecting their interests because we are incorporated under the Republic of the Marshall Islands law.We are a company incorporated under the laws of the Marshall Islands, and almost all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, majority of ourdirectors and officers, and their assets, are located outside of the United States. As a result, you may have difficulty serving legal process within the United Statesupon us or any of these persons. You may also have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside the United States, judgments you may obtain in U.S. courts against usor these persons in any action, including actions based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal or state securities laws. You may also have difficultybringing an original action in the appropriate court of the Marshall Islands to enforce liabilities against us or any person based upon the U.S. federal securities laws.Provisions of our articles of incorporation may impede a takeover or make it more difficult for shareholders to change the direction or management of theCompany, which could reduce shareholders’ opportunity to influence management of the Company.Our articles of incorporation permit our board of directors to issue up to five million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 from time to time, with suchrights and preferences as they consider appropriate. These terms may include voting rights including the right to vote as a series on particular matters, preferencesas to dividends and liquidation, conversion rights and redemption rights provisions. The issuance of any preferred stock could reduce the value of our commonstock. In addition, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell assets to, a third party. Theability of the board of directors to issue preferred stock could make it more difficult, delay, discourage, prevent or make it more costly to acquire or effect a changeincontrol, which in turn could prevent shareholders from recognizing a gain in the event that a favorable offer is extended and could materially and negatively affectthe market price of our common stock.ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANYA.History and Development of the CompanyWe are a Republic of the Marshall Islands Company incorporated under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BDA”) on January 26, 2012. We wereoriginally organized under the name “Aquasition Corp.” for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, orsimilar acquisition transaction, one or more operating businesses or assets. The address of the Company’s principal executive office is Xingfengge Building,Baogaiyupu Industrial Park, Shishi City, Fujian Province of china.On March 24, 2014, we entered into a share exchange agreement and plan of liquidation (the “Exchange Agreement”), with KBS International, Hongri International, athen wholly owned subsidiary of KBS International and Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, each an individual and shareholder of KBS International (each, a“Principal Stockholder”). The Exchange Agreement was subsequently amended on June 21, 2014. The transactions contemplated in the Exchange Agreement (the“Share Exchange”) were closed on August 1, 2014. At the closing, we acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interest in Hongri International from KBSInternational. In exchange, we issued an aggregate of 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company to KBS International. In addition, on July 29, 2014, wecompleted a tender offer related to the Share Exchange and redeemed the 332,116 shares of common stock validly tendered and not withdrawn. Pursuant to theExchange Agreement, KBS International was liquidated and dissolved in August 2014 and the 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company were distributed toeach shareholder of KBS International according to their respective ownership of KBS International. As a result, following the consummation of the Share Exchange,we had a total of 1,694,489 shares of common stock outstanding.24Table of ContentsOn October 31, 2014, we held a special shareholder meeting and amended our Articles of Incorporation to change our name to KBS Fashion Group Limited.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.On March 29, 2016, we granted an aggregate of 73,334 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their past services in 2015 and future services to be provided in 2016.On July 10, 2017, we granted an aggregate of 215,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company as compensationsfor their services.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their services.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 registered shares of common stock pursuant to our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to our executive officers,directors and certain employees as compensations for their services.On March 29, 2019, our board of directors approved the issuance of 15,000 shares of common stock to our Investor Relationship firm as compensation for theirservices. The issuance of the shares was made in reliance on the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), for theoffer and sale of securities not involving a public offering, and Regulation S promulgated thereunder. None of the shares have been registered under the Act andneither may be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.25Table of ContentsCorporate StructureAll of our business operations are conducted through our PRC subsidiaries. The chart below presents our corporate structure as of the date of this report. The Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regardingissuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.Our web site address is http://www.kbsfashion.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of thisAnnual Report.Principal Capital Expenditures and DivestituresFor the year ended December 31, 2018, our total capital expenditures and divestitures were $nil. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, our total capitalexpenditures and divestitures were $849,199 and $45,445, respectively. Such expenditures were primarily used construction of production facility and purchasing fireprotection facility. Our operating cash flow mainly funded these capital expenditures.B.Business OverviewWe are a leading casual menswear company in China with a demonstrated track record of designing, marketing, and selling our own line of fashion menswear. Ourproducts include men’s apparel, footwear and accessories, primarily targeting urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 in the Tier II and Tier III cities in China.Tier II cities generally refer to major cities located in each province of China other than the capital city of such province. Tier III cities generally refer to countylevelcities in China. Tier III cities that we focus on are the national top 100 county cities identified by the State Statistics Bureau of China each year. These cities arecharacterized by higher GDP, higher disposable income, better education and better infrastructure as compared with other countylevel cities.26Table of ContentsOur apparel products include outerwear, knitwear, denim, tops, bottoms, accessories and footwear. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products,each year with a different theme to highlight the current trends in menswear for the season.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by the company and 40 franchised stores operated by 14 third party distributors or their subdistributors. The number of stores has grown from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017and 2016, sales through our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues respectively, and sales through distributors and whole sellersaccounted for 73%, 66.5% and 78% of our revenues, respectively. Total revenue from corporate stores sales for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $7.0million for 2017 and $5.53 million for 2016.From 2009 through 2018, total net sales decreased from $28.1 million to $18.53 million while the net profit decreased from $9.0 million to a net loss of $8 million.Our Competitive StrengthsWe believe that the following competitive strengths enable us to compete effectively in and capitalize on the growing casual menswear industry in China.●There is a sizable market for our products. We believe that we have a sizeable potential market. Our target customers are male middleclass consumers inthe 2040 age range. According to the national census in 2018, the population in China between 1659 yearsold was approximately 900 million. Our targetgroup falls into this category and is estimated to be more than 200 million people. As a result of the growing affluence in the PRC and increased purchasingpower of the PRC population, we believe that PRC consumers are becoming more willing and able to purchase casual menswear. In addition, we believe thatthe purchasing decision of PRC consumers is becoming more predicated upon brand image, product design and style, rather than just price considerations.With rising affluence and improvement in lifestyle, we also believe the overall Chinese population is generally growing more brand name conscious andstyle oriented and has shown a propensity for increased spending on casual menswear.●We have a strong focus on design and product development. We believe that our inhouse design and product development capabilities allow us to createunique products that appeal to our customers. We have established a strong inhouse design and product development team of 20 employees as of April26, 2019. Our team identifies new fashion trends by attending fashion shows and exhibitions as well as by drawing from creative ideas in magazines andother media. Each spring and fall, we carefully plan and create a new product line for our fall/winter and spring/summer collections of 727 SKU thatencompasses our full range of product offerings, including outerwear, tops, bottoms and accessories. We introduce new design elements into our productlines each season. With our highly skilled and creative team of designers, we have extensive experience in creating unique designs to meet the preferencesand needs of our target customer base.●Our trademarked brand has earned a following in China. Our brand was developed in 2006. Our marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design andmade for Chinese.” Our customers are middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range. We believe that their products’ concept, marketing, design andpackaging fully match with the prowestern attitude and life styles of their target customers. We believe the KBS brand is essential to our success topenetrate to the casual menswear market in China.●We have an extensive and wellmanaged nationwide distribution network. We have an extensive distribution network throughout China. As of December31, 2018, we had 1 KBS branded corporate stores and 32 franchised stores across 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. TheKBS branded corporate stores are required to sell only our products. We have been building up our selected distributor network since 2007. As ofDecember 31, 2018, we had 11 distributors operating 32 franchised stores. All of our distributors have been working with us from 1 to 10 years. We selectour distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry, sales channels, business resources, brand promotioncapabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. Our distributors help us respond to changing consumer tastes in a timelymanner by providing regular feedback on our products at our semiannual sales fairs and frequent communications. The financial resources of ourdistributors allow us to expand our retail network with less working capital investment from us than would be required for establishing direct stores, as ourdistributors are responsible for the store rentals and cost of inventory in their stores. We sold a substantial amount of our products through ourdistributors, which have allowed us to distribute our products to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge ofour distributors and their sub distributors. We believe that our distribution network has enabled us to expand our business and increase our salesefficiently and with less operational risk. This model has also minimized our operational risk because we typically start production after we receive ordersfrom our distributors. We believe that using a distribution network to sell a substantial amount of our KBS products has enabled us to devote ourresources to our core competitive strengths of design, brand management and product development.27Table of Contents●We have an experienced management team. Our management team has extensive R&D, marketing and financial experience, led by our Chief ExecutiveOfficer, Mr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has over 27 years of experience in the apparel industry and also has developed a differentiated product by internationalcooperation with a Korean designer. After working in the garment industry for more than 16 years, Mr. Yan acquired and developed the KBS brand. Withhis strong understanding of the apparel industry, Mr. Yan has successfully established this brand name in the market. We are committed to attract andretain top management level executives who we believe are and will continue to be the driving force behind our product development and growth.Our Growth StrategyWe intend to further strengthen our market position in the casual menswear market in China by implementing the following strategies:●We plan to expand our online business and purchase one or more online sales platforms or online stores. Together with the change in consumer trends,online sales is now the most important sales channel in Chinese market and is becoming increasingly important globally. Sales from our stores anddistributors have been steadily decreasing, and we are now in the process of identifying the best possible ways to establish and expand our onlinebusiness. We plan to research and purchase one or more online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that KBS will have better opportunities toexpand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores in year 2019, and the management of KBS will keep on exploring other areas and businessmodels, such as the use of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends. We consider that ourpolicy to expand our outreach using new technologies will add significant shareholder value.●We plan to expand our OEM sales by attracting more reputable and longterm clients. We just had the renewal of a framework sales contract with twomajor current customers: Hangzhou Zhi Yin Apparel Clothes Co., Ltd and Hangzhou Yiyuan Apparel Co., Ltd. These two sales contracts are expected togenerate approximately RMB 28 million in total, of which RMB 20 million relates to Hangzhou Ziyin of new 450,000 orders and RMB 8 million relates toHangzhou Yiyuan of new 160,000 orders for this year. We are also expanding our OEM business and to get more clients, especially to focus on onlineproviders, as they have expanded their market share over the past years quickly together with the change in Chinese consumer’s preferences and occupy alarge market share. By the time when we start executing the orders, we expect that we can have sustainable and increasing business.●We plan to invest in a Greece Based Private Smart Tech Apparel Company. We signed a letter of intent with Tribe, one of the most innovative smartclothing technology companies internationally. If the transaction is consummated, we conceive that this investment will enhance and expand significantlyour client network and products offering. The smart clothing market is expected to surpass the 2 trillion US dollars in size in 2019 and we believe we are wellpositioned to capture a part of this market in the wider region.28Table of Contents●We plan to continue to raise the profile of the KBS brand through enhanced advertising and promotional activities. We believe that the strongassociation of KBS brand with our concept of “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese” has helped drive our brand positioning and customers’receptivity to our products. We intend to further build our brand and deliver a consistent brand image from product design to sales and marketing. We seekto promote and enhance our presence in China’s casual menswear market by continuing to adopt proactive marketing strategies and produce high quality,well designed casual menswear for our target market. In particular, we aim to increase awareness of our brand through: (1) multichannel advertisingstrategies through national television, fashion magazines, billboards and other media channels; (2) further assisting our distributors’ regional advertisingefforts; (3) distinctive store and product launch campaigns, including special events for new product launches and largescale grand opening events fornew stores, particularly new corporate stores; (4) update of the decoration and layout of a number of existing stores which have been in operation for yearsto improve the shopping experience; (5) participation in fashion shows; and (6) sponsorships of selected highimpact events. We believe that theseadvertising and promotional activities will help to further strengthen brand awareness in our target market and enhance customer loyalty.●We plan to expand and build upon our design and product development capabilities. We intend to further strengthen our design and productdevelopment capabilities by accelerating the commercialization of design concepts, expanding our product offerings and continuing to develop what webelieve is unique casual menswear. We plan to further invest in design and product development and expand our design and product development team byattracting talented designers, either domestic or international, and training young graduates from leading fashion design institutes. We believe thatcombining western fashion design experience with our local designer’s understanding of the China market and aesthetic will enable us to create fashionableyet popular casual menswear for consumers in China. We also intend to cooperate with our suppliers to develop new materials and fabrics which we believewill give customers a unique fashion product and create new market opportunities. We believe that our focus on designing unique and quality casualmenswear will allow us to maintain our competitiveness and help to enhance our sales and overall profitability.●We plan to expand our production capacity to expand and diversify our product offerings. Our production facility is located in Taihu City, AnhuiProvince, China, consisting of total 110,557 square meters of land. Currently this facility has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per yearand can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famous sportswear producers, some successful onlinebrand stores and fulfill some overseas orders. The construction of our facility commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases: Phase 1 consists of theconstruction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We have completed theconstruction of facilities for Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Although we have the designed capacity of 5 million pieces yearly, the facilitycurrently may only produce 2 million pieces per year. Phase 3 construction has been delayed because the local government needs additional time toconclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 canbe continued. Phase 4 will include production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quarters and livingfacilities. Upon completion, the new facility is expected to have a production capacity of 20 million pieces and accommodate 5,000 workers. Please see“Production” below for a more complete explanation of our plans for the expansion of our production capacity. We anticipate that the new productionfacility will allow us to further refine our existing product lines by offering more styles within our existing apparel and accessories categories and tointroduce additional, complementary apparel and accessories categories into our product line. We currently introduce 500 to 900 different styles ofproducts each year and intend to increase the number of our product offerings in the future.●We plan to expand our international market and attract more orders from overseas. Starting from year 2016, we have been awarded international OEMorders for producing clothes with overseas brands. Such orders are usually large and continuous. Due to the completion of phase 2 construction of ourAnhui factory, we have enough production capacity to take on large orders. The current utilization rate of the Anhui factory is still quite low and we expectto invest more in attracting more large orders from overseas.The KBS BrandWe are engaged in a highly competitive industry in which brand image and recognition is critical to attracting customers to purchase our products. We haveadopted KBS as a uniform brand name and image for all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. The KBS brand was created byMs. Qinghua Ye in 2006 and registered with the trademark administration authority in 2008. Subsequently, Ms. Ye assigned the KBS trademark to Hongri PRC in2008. In 2009, Hongri PRC transferred this trademark to France Cock, which then licensed such trademark back to Hongri PRC. Based on our sharp rise in revenuesince 2006, we believe that the KBS brand has gained a following in the casual menswear market in the cities where our products are sold.29Table of ContentsTo promote our brand, we have developed and implemented brand management policies in all of our corporate stores and franchised stores. Our brand managementpolicies set out detailed requirements for store decorations and display of products. This enables us to project a consistent brand image. In addition, each season,our design and product development team develops display concepts, including the presentation of our collections in the stores and the color schemes for thebackdrops. We also work closely with our distributors to supervise the daily operations of franchised stores through unscheduled visits to ensure that our brandmanagement policies are properly followed.We may suspend the supply of our products or terminate distribution agreements in the event that any of our distributors or their subdistributors consistently failsto comply with our brand management policies.Our ProductsOur apparel products include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, socks and caps. In 2018, thesuggested retail prices of our products ranged from RMB 15 to RMB1,599 (approximately $2 to $237) for our apparel products and RMB178 to RMB1599(approximately $26 to $236) for our accessory products. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products, each year with a different theme tohighlight the current trends in menswear for the season.Our DesignWe believe one of our key strengths is our internal design and product development team, which designs products that reinforce our brand image. Major parts ofour products are designed by our internal design and product development team with the collaboration of Korean designers. As of December 31, 2018, our designand product development team consisted of 20 members, including one senior designer with over five years of working experience. Final design concepts areapproved by Mr. Keyan Yan, who has more than 27 years of experience in the industry. All of the other designers are graduates of professional design schools inChina. We believe that our design and product development team is innovative and passionate and that the individual experience of each of our designers helpsbring new and exciting products to our customers. Our design and product development team conceptualizes each season’s collections through an interactiveprocess, taking into account our brand strategy, product image and market feedback, drawing inspirations from domestic and international fashion trends andcollaborating with both our suppliers and distributors to finetune our designs. In particular, we collaborate with our suppliers to develop a variety of materials andfabrics for our products. We also involve distributors in our product selection process to take advantage of their market intelligence, which helps us to adapt toconstantly changing customer preferences in local markets. Our designers also attend various domestic and international fashion shows to keep abreast of the latestfashion trends.Starting from year 2015, design of our products comes from three channels. In addition to designing products by our inhouse staff, we outsource to certainreputable designers. From time to time, our ODMs also will directly sell their designed products to us.In a typical year, we design and make around 1,500 prototypes. After the initial product selection, internal cost analysis of approved prototypes and final selectionby distributors at the sales fairs, we eventually select approximately 750 designs for mass production. Final design of all of our products will be approved by ourChairman, Mr. Yan.Our Distribution NetworkWe have established a nationwide distribution network consisting of corporate stores and franchised stores covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrallyadministered municipalities.Corporate StoresAs of December 31, 2018, we owned and operated 1 corporate store with the floor area of approximately 120 square meters. As part of our corporate strategy, weclosed 17 corporate stores in last two years because of the low profitability of certain corporate stores. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, salesthrough our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues, respectively.30Table of ContentsWe directly own and operate our corporate store. This direct control enables us to have closer relationship with our ultimate customers and better understanding ofmarket trends and consumer preferences. Required capital for opening of each store depends on the location and area of the designated store. On average, therenovation cost per store is around $67,000 and the first year of rent payment is around $140,000 including premium paid to the previous owner. Rental period variesfrom two to five years. The total capital required to open a new store is generally around $207,000 per store. Once negotiation of rent is concluded, it takes one totwo months to open up a store. We usually open up stores right before a peak season, such as labor holiday in May, National holiday in October and Chinese NewYear in January/February. On average, new stores break even after one to three months of operation.We currently have one standard designs for our corporate stores located in Fujian Province. They were considered as flagship stores for our distributors’ reference.Because in year 2016 and 2015 we closed some corporate stores, the inventories of these stores were cleared through promotion exhibitions we held in the thirdtiercities at lower prices.For corporate stores opened in second tier cities, we normally have a higher aesthetic standard compared with corporate stores in third and fourth tier cities. Wegenerally locate our corporate stores at street level to access high pedestrian flow. Normally, we will sell inseason stock in our secondtier city corporate stores. Oursecondtier city corporate stores are also designed to showcase our marketability to potential distributors so as to induce them to join our distributorship. For storesopened in the third and fourth tier cities, we normally sell some of our slowmoving or offseason stock at a discount due to our awareness of the generally lesseramount of disposable income available to residents of these cities. During certain times of the year, such as the New Year, Chinese New Year and Labor Day, we willorganize promotional discounts together with our franchised stores to attract more customers and increase our stock turnover.Franchised StoresWe sell a substantial amount of our products to our franchised distributors who in turn sell them to retail customers through KBS branded retail stores operated byour distributors or their subdistributors. Since 2013, we have also been selling products to 3 provincial distributors without their own stores, or the nostoredistributors, on a trial basis. We do not have any ownership in, or controlling relationship with, these franchised stores, but we have entered into distributionagreements with them in the Company’s standard form, pursuant to which we require distributors and their subdistributors to sell only KBS products in thesestores. Distributors are responsible for selecting and ordering products from us and overseeing the sales in the stores operated by them and their subdistributors.By selling directly to our distributors, we can recognize revenues upon delivery to our distributors and delegate the distribution responsibilities to our distributors.This allows us to distribute our merchandise to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge of our distributors and theirsubdistributors. This also minimizes our inventory and sales risks while allowing us to allocate our resources to our core competitive strengths of design, brandmanagement and product development. We believe that our cooperation with distributors has enabled us to expand our business and accelerate our sales growth atmuch lower costs and operational risk and achieve brand recognition throughout China.We have been building up our selected franchised distributor network since 2007. As of December 31, 2018, we had 11 franchised distributors who operated 32 retailstores directly or through their subdistributors, all of which were standalone stores, which were typically located in commercial centers, including departmentstores or shopping malls, in their cities. All these distributors have worked with us for about 1 to 8 years. We have not encountered any material dispute or financialdifficulty with our key distributors. The average floor area of each retail store was approximately 78 square meters as of December 2018. The number of retail storeshas grown significantly in recent years from 7 as of December 31, 2006, with the aggregate floor area increasing from 560 square meters as of December 31, 2006 to2,635 square meters as of December 31, 2018. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, sales through our distributors accounted for 73%, 63.3% and78% of our revenues, respectively. 31Table of ContentsDuring each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we had no customer exceeding 10% of our net sales.Sales generated by our five bestperforming franchised distributors accounted for approximately 29.3%, 23.8% and 28.3% of our revenues in the years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Those top distributors have been with us since 2007 or 2008 and have grown organically with us. At the same time,we are exploring more distributors in other regions including relatively small distributors to grow with their businesses. Although we rely on distributors for thesales and marketing of our products, we believe our business is not substantially dependent on any individual distributor.We are highly selective in appointing distributors. We select our distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry,sales channels, business resources, brand promotion capabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. We maintain good relationshipswith many regional or local distributor candidates which we identify through our internal research and external referrals but only appoint a handful of them tobecome our distributors. We evaluate the relevant experience of the distributor candidates in operating retail stores, their financial condition and sources of fundingrequired for the establishment of a regional distribution network and their ability to develop a network of retail stores in the designated distribution region of a givendistributor before we make any appointment.Once appointed, each distributor must enter into a distribution agreement with us. We do not own any interest in any of our distributors, their subdistributors orthe retail stores they operate. The distribution agreements we typically enter into with distributors do not allow us to be involved in the daily operating, financing orother activities of the distributors, except that distributors need to comply with our brand management policies and pricing and store management guidelines. Keyterms of our standard distribution agreement include:●Product Exclusivity. Our distributors are required to sell only our products at KBS branded retail outlets managed by them or authorized retailers.●Geographic Coverage. Distributors are granted exclusive rights to distribute our products (directly and indirectly through their subdistributors) in theretail stores within the specified geographic area with no overlapping of distributors within our distribution network. However, we retain the right to operatedirect stores anywhere regardless of whether we have appointed distributors there.●Duration. The distribution agreements generally have an initial term of one year and are renewable at our discretion after taking into account factors suchas compliance with our brand management policies and sales performance.●Distributor Pricing. Distributors agree to order our products at a discount from our suggested retail prices. The discounted wholesale prices todistributors are classified into the following three categories: provincial distributor at a discount of 35% of retail price, district distributor is 30% of retailprice and the wholesale distributor is 25% of retail price.●Minimum Purchase Requirement. Each of our distributors is customarily expected to purchase a minimum amount of our products for each trade fair heldbiannually according to their present and expected distribution network. The minimum is typically RMB800,000 (approximately $110,000) for each store.●Payment and Delivery. Normally, we expect distributors to pay us RMB0.5 million (approximately $74,000) to RMB1 million (approximately $148,148) as adeposit upon placing an order. Upon delivery of the orders, we will deduct amounts on deposit from the purchase price. For new and small districtdistributors, we normally require them to pay the balance before the delivery of its products. We may also accept payment on credit terms to the extentrequested by distributors experiencing working capital difficulties or encouraging them to order more. The amount and duration of credit granted to eachdistributor will depend on its financial position and creditworthiness. We handle the arrangements for delivery of our products, but the distributors arenormally expected to bear the related costs and expenses.32Table of Contents●Return of Products. We will only accept product returns from distributors for quality reasons and only if the distributors followed our standard proceduresin processing the returned products. So far, we have not experienced any product returns due to expressed quality reasons.●Retail Pricing. Other than at times when we launch promotional campaigns or adjust our strategies, distributors must adopt, and are required to procuretheir subdistributors to adopt, our suggested retail prices for products. Distributors must obtain our consent before launching any distributor specificspecial offers.●Brand Management. Distributors must comply with our brand management policies and store management guidelines. We may impose penalties, forfeitureof deposit, suspend supply of products and terminate the agreement in the event of any breach of such policies.●Termination. We may generally terminate the distribution agreements and seek indemnification in the event of breach by distributors. In the event of sometypes of breach, we may not terminate the agreement but have other remedies. For example, if a distributor fails to order all products provided for under thedistributorship agreement, we may instead impose forfeiture of deposit or withhold certain benefits.When opening new retail stores, our distributors conduct research on the market potential of the proposed retail sites, after which they will provide us with anapplication for opening a new retail store. In reviewing applications, we consider factors including the store location, store layout, available area, marketopportunities, competitors and estimated sales. We conduct selected onsite investigations to verify applications filed by our distributors. Our retail stores aregenerally located in convenient retail locations in their respective cities and thus benefit from high volumes of pedestrian traffic.Effective monitoring of distributors and their retail stores is critical to our success. We have a team in our marketing, sales and distribution department to monitorour distributors’ and their subdistributors’ performance, who conduct onsite inspections of selected retail stores each quarter without prior notice to ensurecompliance with our store management guidelines. According to the results of our inspections, we, from time to time, make suggestions to our distributors withrespect to the opening or closure of their retail stores. Distributors also need to submit to us their annual/ semiannual plans to estimate their orders for the nextseason and their plan to improve the performance of existing retail stores or expand by opening new retail stores. This reporting system enables us to access uptodate sales projections of our distributors and their subdistributors, which reflects the overall level of retail sales of our products. It also provides us with theexpansion plan of each distributor which helps us prepare our overall development plan in a more accurate manner.We invite our distributors, as well as a select number of their subdistributors and retail store managers, to attend our sales fairs, which are held twice a year. Duringthe sales fairs, we discuss with our distributors and their subdistributors the upcoming product line. Apart from participating in two sales fairs each year, ourdistributors visit us from time to time and contact us as necessary, which allows us to have access to updated market information. We also provide training fordistributors and their subdistributors in the areas of sales techniques, customer service and product knowledge, typically prior to the launch of our new collectionseach year. We believe that these investments help to improve the operations of the sales network and provide additional valueadded services to retain ourdistributors and their subdistributors.The following table lists by region the number of retail stores operated by distributors and subdistributors as of December 31, 2018:LocationAs ofDecember 31,2018Fujian6Guangdong2Guangxi3Jiangsu4Anhui2Chongqing4Tianjin3Hebei4Sichuan4Total3233Table of ContentsPricing PolicyWe sell our products to our distributors at uniform discounts from our suggested retail prices. We have a suggested retail price policy that applies to all our storesto help maintain brand image, ensure consistent pricing levels from region to region and prevent price competition among our distributors. In determining our pricingstrategies, we take into account market supply and demand, production cost and the prices of our competitors’ similar products. Our sales representatives collectand record the retail prices of our products sold by our retailers. We analyze the information collected and engage in discussions with our distributors to ensure thatthey follow our pricing policy. See “Franchised Stores” above.ProductionOriginally located in Shishi City in Fujian Province and started production in 2006, our production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China.The facility currently has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famoussportswear producers. Our production facility was operating at full capacity between 2009 and 2012. In 2014, we produced about 0.39 million units at the operatingcapacity of 19.5%; while in 2015,we produced about 0.48 million units at the operating capacity of 24%. In 2016, we produced about 0.54 million units at the operatingcapacity of 27%.In 2017 and 2018, we produced about 0.30 million and 0.49 million units at the operating capacity of 15% and 25%. Since 2011, we have been negotiating with the local government to acquire land use rights for our current facility consisting of 110,557 square meters. We obtaineda portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square meters and 2,440 square meters in March 2012 and May 2012, respectively, and have finishedthe construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factoryin year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with localresidents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. While we cannot guaranteewhen and whether the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land will be eventually completed, we believe we will be in a better position toschedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Once completed, our total production capacity of the facility isexpected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.All of the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers bear the brand name KBS. As of December 31, 2018, we had 3 ODM contractmanufacturers and 3 OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had 3 and 6 OEM contract manufacturers, respectively. Oursourcing strategy is based upon the quality of fabrics and workmanship that our customers expect from the KBS brand. The costs of our outsourced productionamounted to approximately $8.38 million, $10.94 million and$26.1 million for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, accounting forapproximately 27.3%, 31% and 66.8% of our total cost of sales in the respective periods.As of December 31, 2018, our principal ODM and OEM contract suppliers included the following:No.1Bai Tian Ni (Fujian) Clothing fabric Co. Ltd2Shishi Hua Lai Shi Clothing Co. Ltd3Jinjiang City Hongtawanheng trading Co. Ltd4Fujian Gumaite Clothing Technology Co. Ltd5Shishi Rongpeng Clothing Co. Ltd6Hubei Mingyuan Clothing Co. LtdWe are not materially reliant on any single ODM or OEM contract supplier.34Table of ContentsInventory ManagementWe recognize that controlling the level of inventory is important to our overall operational efficiency and cost control. Based on the purchase orders our distributorsand the department store chains place at our biannual sales fairs, we are able to anticipate the demand for our products in advance and plan ahead for our ownmanufacturing and the orders we will be required to place with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We generally plan purchases of raw materials and placemanufacturing orders with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers immediately after each of our two seasonal sales fairs, usually in May for our autumn andwinter products and in October for our spring and summer products, where we confirm sales orders with our distributors and department store chains. This enablesus and our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to have sufficient time, ranging from two to eight weeks, to produce the products and provide our productssuitable for a specific season to our distributors and department store chains on a justintime basis so as to minimize our inventory levels. The alternative way tocontrol cost is when if we have chance to buy materials which the price is much lower than market price, we will buy it in advance and give to OEM contractmanufactures use our material to produce.Quality ControlProduct quality control is a critical aspect of our business. Our dedicated quality control team performs various quality inspection and testing procedures, includingrandom sample testing at different stages of our production process, to ensure that our products meet or exceed the expectations of our consumers. We also performroutine product inspections on every batch of our products and sample testing to ensure consistent quality of our products, including semifinished and finishedproducts.We have implemented a centralized system for procurement and inspection of raw materials and ancillary components to help ensure a stable and high qualitysupply. Those materials and components that fail to meet our tests may be returned to the suppliers for replacement. Our quality control team also carries out qualitycontrol procedures on the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We conduct onsite inspections of our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers before we enter into business relationships with them. We also send our inhouse quality control staff onsite to our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers to monitor the entire production process. The initial product inspections are performed onsite by our staff before these products are shipped to ourheadquarters for further inspection and storage in our warehouse. We also provide technical training to ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to assist them withquality control of the production processes and inspect preproduction samples and finished products from ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We have notencountered any material disruptions to our business as a result of the failure of any of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to meet our quality standards.In order to further improve the quality of our products and shorten our delivery cycle, we intend to increase our control over the manufacturing process andproduction cycle of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers, primarily by requiring our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to implement stricter and morecomprehensive quality control procedures, which cover each stage of the production process, from raw material selection and procurement to finished productspackaging and delivery. We also intend to apply more stringent standards for inspecting products manufactured for us by our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers.Marketing and AdvertisingWe have conducted multichannel marketing campaigns to advertise our products to our target customers through advertising in newspapers, magazines, theInternet, and billboards, and organizing regular and frequent instore marketing activities and road shows.We have implemented strict requirements on our distributors with respect to the display and promotion of our products to ensure consistent branding and enhancemarketing results. Our distributors are required to ensure that our marketing strategies are implemented at the retail outlets managed or authorized by them, includingdisplaying our products according to our specifications and using our billboard advertisements. We also assign sales representatives to monitor the instoredisplays of our products at various retail outlets on a regular basis to help ensure that our retailers have followed our product display policies.In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 our total advertising and promotional expenses amounted to approximately $1.21 million, $1.59 million and $1.55million, respectively, which accounted for approximately 6.6%, 7.5% and 3.8% of our revenues in the respective periods.35Table of ContentsCompetitionThe menswear industry in China is a fragmented industry. Competition mainly comes from local market players such as Exceed, Xiniya, Zuoan and Cabbeen. Webelieves that we differentiate ourselves by providing more fashionable, youngerlooking and leisure products, and competitive pricing without giving up the casualfeel of our products.We compete primarily on the basis of product design, brand recognition, operational efficiency and a low cost structure. Some of our domestic competitors have astronger customer base, greater resources and more industry expertise than us. However, we believe that we can continue to successfully compete with our localcompetitors due to our unique product designs.Intellectual PropertyWe currently have the licenses to use two registered trademarks in the PRC.The registered trademarks on which we have licenses are the following:TrademarkRegistration No.Valid TermKBS4342760Jan 1, 2019 August 28, 2028Ka bi sports5462336March 14, 2010 March 12,2020We believe that these trademarks provide significant value as they are important for marketing and building brand recognition. We are not aware of any third partycurrently using trademarks similar to our trademarks in the PRC on the same products.InsuranceWe do not have any business liability, interruption or litigation insurance coverage for our operations in China. Insurance companies in China offer limited businessinsurance products. While business interruption insurance is available to a limited extent in China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of suchinsurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance.Therefore, we are subject to business and product liability exposure. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—We have limited insurance coverage inChina and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses.”RegulationBecause our primary operating subsidiaries are located in China, we are subject to China’s national and local laws detailed below. We believe that we are in materialcompliance with all registrations and requirements for the issuance and maintenance of all licenses required by the governing bodies and that all license fees andfilings are current. This section summarizes the major PRC regulations relating to our business.Regulations Relating to Foreign InvestmentInvestment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are mainly governed by the Guidance Catalog of Industries for Foreign Investment (2017 revision), or theCatalog, which was promulgated jointly by MOFCOM and the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, on June 28, 2017 and entered into forceon July 28, 2017. The Catalog divides industries into four categories in terms of foreign investment, which are “encouraged,” “restricted,” and “prohibited,” and allindustries that are not listed under one of these categories are deemed to be “permitted.” Establishment of wholly foreignowned enterprises is generally allowed inencouraged and permitted industries. Some restricted industries are limited to equity or contractual joint ventures, while in some cases Chinese partners are requiredto hold the majority interests in such joint ventures. In addition, foreign investment in restricted category projects is subject to government approvals. Foreigninvestors are not allowed to invest in industries in the prohibited category. Industries not listed in the Catalogue are generally open to foreign investment unlessspecifically restricted by other PRC regulations.36Table of ContentsIn June 2018, MOFCOM and NDRC promulgated the Special Management Measures (Negative List) for the Access of Foreign Investment, or the Negative List,effective July 2018. The Negative List expands the scope of permitted industries by foreign investment by reducing the number of industries that fall within theNegative List where restrictions on the shareholding percentage or requirements on the composition of board or senior management still exists. Foreign investmentin valueadded telecommunications services (except for ecommerce) falls within the Negative List.In October 2016, MOFCOM issued the Interim Measures for Recordfiling Administration of the Establishment and Change of Foreigninvested Enterprises, or FIERecordfiling Interim Measures, most recently amended in July 2017. Pursuant to FIE Recordfiling Interim Measures, the establishment and change of foreigninvested enterprises are subject to recordfiling procedures, instead of prior approval requirements, provided that such establishment or change does not involvespecial entry administration measures. If the establishment or change of foreigninvested enterprises matters involve the special entry administration measures, theapproval of the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterparts is still required.Regulations Relating to Product QualityThe principal legal provisions governing product liability are set forth in the PRC Product Quality Law, which was promulgated in February 1993 by the SCNPC andamended in July 2000 and August 2009.The PRC Product Quality Law stipulates the responsibilities and obligations of product sellers and producers. Violations of the PRC Product Quality Law may resultin the imposition of fines. In addition, the seller or producer may be ordered to suspend its operations, and its business license may be revoked. There may also bePART IPART IIPART III20F 1 f20f2018_kbsfashiongroup.htm FORM 20FUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F(Mark One)☐REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ___________ to ___________OR¨SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report:Commission file number: 00135715KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)Not Applicable(Translation of Registrant’s Name Into English)Republic of the Marshall Islands(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)Xin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of China(Address of Principal Executive Offices)Mr. Keyan Yan, Chief Executive OfficerXin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of ChinaTel: + (86) 595 8889 6198Fax: (86) 595 8850 5328(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of Each ClassName of Each Exchange On Which RegisteredCommon Stock, $0.0001 par valueNASDAQ Capital MarketSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.Units, Common Stock Purchase Warrants(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.None(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report(December 31, 2018): 2,271,299Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐No ☒If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of“large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large Accelerated Filer ☐Accelerated Filer ☐NonAccelerated Filer ☒Emerging Growth Company☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting StandardsCodification after April 5, 2012.Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:U.S. GAAP ☐International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting StandardsBoard ☒Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ☐ Item17 ☐Item 18If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒Annual Report on Form 20FYear Ended December 31, 2018TABLE OF CONTENTSPageITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS2A.Directors and Senior Management2B.Advisors2C.Auditors2ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE2A.Offer Statistics2B.Method and Expected Timetable2ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATION2A.Selected Financial Data2B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY24A.History and Development of the Company24B.Business Overview26C.Organizational Structure42D.Property, Plants and Equipment43ITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS44ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS44A.Principal Factors Affecting Financial Performance45B.Liquidity and Capital Resources50C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.51D.Trend Information51E.Off Balance Sheet Arrangements51F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations52G.Safe Harbor62ITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES63A.Directors and Senior Management63B.Compensation64C.Board Practices65D.Employees66E.Share Ownership66ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS67A.Major Shareholders67B.Related Party Transactions67C.Interests of Experts and Counsel67iTable of ContentsITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATION67A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information67B.Significant Changes68ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTING68A.Offer and Listing Details68B.Plan of Distribution68C.Markets68D.Selling Shareholders68E.Dilution68F.Expenses of the Issue68ITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATION69A.Share Capital69B.Memorandum and Articles of Association69C.Material Contracts71D.Exchange Controls71E.Taxation74F.Dividends and Paying Agents79G.Statement by Experts79H.Documents on Display79I.Subsidiary Information79ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK79ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES80A.Debt Securities80B.Warrants and Rights80C.Other Securities80D.American Depositary Shares80ITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES81ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS81ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES81A.Disclosure Controls and Procedures81B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting81C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm81D.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting82ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT82ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICS82ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES82ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES82ITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS83ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT83ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCE83ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE83ITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 19.EXHIBITS84iiTable of ContentsINTRODUCTORY NOTESUse of Certain Defined TermsExcept as otherwise indicated by the context and for the purposes of this report only, references in this report to:●“KBS,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” are to KBS Fashion Group Ltd., a company organized in the Republic of the Marshall Islands;●““KBS International,” refers to KBS International Holding Inc., a Nevada corporation, which was dissolved in August 2014;●“Hongri PRC,” refers to Hongri (Fujian) Sports Goods Co., Ltd., which is our wholly owned subsidiary organized in the PRC;●“Hongri International” are to Hongri International Holdings Limited, which is our wholly owned subsidiary and a company organized in the BVI;●“BVI” are to the British Virgin Islands;●“Hong Kong” are to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China;●“PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China;●“SEC” are to the Securities and Exchange Commission;●“Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;●“Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;●“Renminbi” and “RMB” are to the legal currency of China; and●“U.S. dollars,” “dollars” and “$” are to the legal currency of the United States.ForwardLooking InformationIn addition to historical information, this report contains forwardlooking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of theExchange Act. We use words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “target,” “plan,” “optimistic,” “intend,” “aim,” “will” or similar expressions whichare intended to identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, among others, those concerning market and industry segment growth and demandand acceptance of new and existing products; any projections of sales, earnings, revenue, margins or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategiesand objectives of management for future operations; and any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, as well as all assumptions,expectations, predictions, intentions or beliefs about future events. You are cautioned that any such forwardlooking statements are not guarantees of futureperformance and involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions, which, if they were to ever materialize or prove incorrect, could cause the results of theCompany to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forwardlooking statements. Potential risks and uncertainties include, among other things, thepossibility that we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues and profits due to our failure to anticipate consumer preferences and develop newmenswear products, our failure to execute our business expansion plan, changes in domestic and foreign laws, regulations and taxes, changes in economicconditions, uncertainties related to China’s legal system and economic, political and social events in China, a general economic downturn, a downturn in thesecurities markets, and other risks and uncertainties which are generally set forth under Item 3 “Key information—D. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and our other filings with the SEC. These reports attempt toadvise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects. The forwardlookingstatements made in this report speak only as of the date hereof and we disclaim any obligation, except as required by law, to provide updates, revisions oramendments to any forwardlooking statements to reflect changes in our expectations or future events.On February 3, 2017, approved by the shareholders, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen (1for15) reverse stock split of the Company’s issued andoutstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided that shareholders are entitled to receive the number ofshares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Stock Market on a splitadjusted basis when themarket opened on February 9, 2017. All references in this report to share and per share data have been adjusted, including historical data which have beenretroactively adjusted, to give effect to the reverse stock split unless specified otherwise.1Table of ContentsPART IITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERSA.Directors and Senior ManagementNot applicable.B.AdvisorsNot applicable.C.AuditorsNot applicable.ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLEA.Offer StatisticsNot applicable.B.Method and Expected TimetableNot applicable.ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATIONA.Selected Financial DataThe following table presents selected financial data regarding our business. It should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and relatednotes contained elsewhere in this annual report and the information under Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” The selected consolidatedstatements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, and the selected consolidated statements of financialposition data as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are included in this annual reportbeginning on page F1. The selected consolidated statements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the selectedconsolidated statements of financial position data as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements thatare not included in this annual report.Our consolidated financial statements were prepared and presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by theInternational Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The selected financial data information is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the historicalconsolidated financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere herein. The financial statements contained elsewhere fully represent our financial conditionand operations; however, they are not indicative of our future performance.2Table of ContentsYears ended December 31,20182017201620152014Statement of Income DataTotal revenue$18,535,116$23,762,536$41,200,205$61,343,681$58,832,481Total cost of sales(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)(46,511,274)(39,416,973)Gross profit(2,316,136)(11,511,816)2,158,27214,832,40719,415,508Distribution and selling expenses(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)(6,621,256)(7,191,606)Administrative expenses(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)2,798,082(4,649,229)Profit for the year(17,968,597)(14,815,596)(11,902,688)1,243,6706,876,982Total comprehensive income for the year(20,040,295)(10,004,880)(18,028,121)(4,801,102)6,526,172Outstanding shares2,299,9151,860,8311,750,1421,694,4891,694,489Earnings per share, basic diluted8.067.966.800.734.06Balance Sheet DataCash and cash equivalents$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,341$21,214,080$20,604,583Noncurrent assets29,837,87540,966,31934,754,94247,221,52952,929,386Current assets31,328,13140,343,38656,343,82362,098,95162,093,570Working capital24,463,44633,060,87748,647,18553,598,85452,704,076Total assets61,166,00681,309,70591,098,765109,310,480115,022,956Current liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,500,0979,389,493Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,503,5069,404,880Equity54,301,32174,027,19683,402,127100,816,974105,618,076B.Capitalization and IndebtednessNot applicable.C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of ProceedsNot applicable.D.Risk FactorsAn investment in our capital stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the otherinformation included in this annual report, before making an investment decision. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial conditionor results of operations could suffer. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.3Table of ContentsRISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSGeneral economic conditions, including a prolonged weakness in the economy, may affect consumer discretionary spending, which could adversely affect ourbusiness and financial performance.The apparel industry has historically been subject to substantial cyclical variations. Our business and financial performance are dependent on a number of factorsimpacting consumer discretionary spending, including general economic and business conditions; consumer confidence; wages and employment levels; thehousing market; consumer debt levels; availability of consumer credit; credit and interest rates; fuel and energy costs; energy shortages; taxes; general politicalconditions, both domestic and abroad. Consumer product purchases, including purchases of our products, may decline during recessionary periods. Our ability toaccess the capital markets may be restricted at a time when we would like, or need, to raise capital, which could impair on our ability to open additional stores orbuild additional manufacturing lines. In addition, as domestic and international economic conditions change, trends in consumer spending on discretionary items,including our merchandise, become unpredictable and subject to reductions due to economic uncertainties. A prolonged economic recovery or an uncertain outlookin the economy could result in additional declines in consumer discretionary spending, which could materially affect our financial performance.A contraction in apparel sales and production could impair our results of operations and liquidity and jeopardize our supply base.Apparel sales and production are cyclical and depend, among other things, on general economic conditions and consumer spending and preferences. As thevolume of apparel production fluctuates, the demand for our products also fluctuates. A contraction in apparel sales could harm our results of operations andliquidity. In addition, our suppliers would also be subject to many of the same consequences which could pressure their results of operations and liquidity.Depending on an individual supplier’s financial condition and access to capital, its viability could be challenged which could impact its ability to perform as weexpect and consequently our ability to meet our own commitments.If we are unable to anticipate consumer preferences and develop new menswear products, we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues andprofits.Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define apparel trends as well as to anticipate, gauge and react to changing consumer demands formenswear in a timely manner. Our target market of consumers comprises urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 with moderatetohigh levels of disposableincome. Our business is particularly sensitive to their fashion preferences, which cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumeracceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, and our future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes. If we failto anticipate accurately and respond to trends and shifts in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing product offerings, developing new products,designs, styles and categories, we could experience lower sales, excess inventories and lower profit margins. In a distressed economic and retail environment, manyof our competitors may engage in aggressive activities, such as markdowns or other promotional sales to dispose of excess, slowmoving inventory, furtherincreasing the need to react appropriately to changing consumer preferences and fashion trends. Failure to do so could adversely affect the level of acceptance ofour products, our brand image and our relationship with our distributors, and therefore have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results ofoperations.The apparel industry is highly competitive, and if we fail to compete effectively, we could lose our market position.The menswear industry is highly competitive in China and worldwide. We compete with various domestic brands with similar business models and target markets.We also compete with a growing number of international brands trying to expand their market share in China to take advantage of rising consumer spending oncasual menswear. Our primary international and domestic competitors include Exceed, Xiniya, Cabbeen, GXG and NQ. Some of our competitors are significantlylarger and have greater financial resources than we do. In order to compete effectively, we must: (1) maintain the image of our brands and our reputation forinnovation and high quality; (2) be flexible and innovative in responding to rapidly changing market demands on the basis of brand image, style, performance andquality; and (3) offer consumers a wide variety of high quality products at competitive prices.4Table of ContentsThe purchasing decisions of consumers are highly subjective and can be influenced by many factors, such as brand image, marketing programs and productfeatures. Some of our competitors enjoy competitive advantages, including greater brand recognition and greater financial resources for competitive activities, suchas sales, marketing and strategic acquisitions. The number of our direct competitors and the intensity of competition may increase as we expand into other productlines or as other companies expand into our product lines. Our competitors may enter into business combinations or alliances that strengthen their competitivepositions or prevent us from taking advantage of such combinations or alliances. Our competitors also may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than wecan to new or changing opportunities, standards or consumer preferences. Our results of operations and market position may be adversely impacted by ourcompetitors and the competitive pressures in the menswear industries.Failure to effectively promote or develop our brand could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.We sell all our products under the KBS brand, from which we derive most of our revenues. Brand image is an important factor that affects a customer’s purchasingdecision for menswear products. Our success therefore depends on, among other things, market recognition and acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture,lifestyle, and images associated with the brand, some of which may not be within our control. We have limited control over our distributors that we rely upon to sellour products, which may limit our ability to ensure a consistent brand image. See “Risks Factors Related to Our Business –We have limited control over the ultimateretail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhere to, or fail to cause the third party retail outletoperators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.” We began designing, promoting, and selling KBS branded products in China in 2006. To effectivelypromote KBS brand, we need build and maintain the brand image by focusing on a variety of promotional and marketing activities to promote brand awareness, aswell as to increase its presence in the markets in which we compete. There is no assurance that we will be able to effectively promote or develop KBS brand, and ifwe fail to do so, the goodwill of KBS brand may be undermined and our business as well as our financial results may be adversely affected. In addition, negativepublicity or disputes regarding KBS brand, products, company, or management could materially and adversely affect public perception of KBS brand. Any impact onour ability to continue to sell KBS brand or any significant damage to KBS brand’s image could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends on the continued service of our senior executives and other key employees. In particular, we rely on the expertise, experience,and business contacts, of Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ms. Lixia Tu, our Director and Chief Financial Officer and Mr. ThemisKalapotharakos, our director. If one or more of our senior executives are unable or unwilling to continue to work for us in their present positions, we may have tospend a considerable amount of time and resources searching, recruiting, and integrating the replacements into our operations, which would substantially divertmanagement’s attention from and severely disrupt the Company business. This may also adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategy. Moreover, ifany of our senior executives joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, suppliers and key employees.Failure to execute our business expansion plan could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.A large part of our initial growth resulted from an increase in the number of our retail sales outlets, including corporate and franchised stores, and the increased salesvolume and profitability provided by these sales outlets. The number of our sales outlets increased from 8 in 2006 to 33 in year 2018.5Table of ContentsWe have our factory located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China, consisting of an aggregate of 110,457 square meters of land. Currently the facility there has aproduction capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year and can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces original equipmentmanufacturer (OEM) products for online stores, regional apparel brands and overseas orders. The construction commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases:Phase 1 consists of the construction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We havecompleted the construction of facilities of Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Phase 3 construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has beendelayed because the local government needs additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Because the time forthe government to resolve this matter is uncertain, we wrote off the land use right of the third parcel of land from account balance, according to the internationalframework reporting standard. Phase 4 includes building production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quartersand living facilities on the third parcel of land. As a result, our commitments to this facility may reduce our liquidity for an indefinite period and until it is completed.We could also indefinitely lose opportunities to expand our sales due to any further delay of our construction.The decision to increase our production capacity was based in part on our projections of market demand for our products and OEM orders from other brand nameowners. If actual customer demand does not meet our projections, we will likely suffer overcapacity problems and may have to leave capacity idle or need to contractout our facilities at an unfavorable price, which may reduce our overall profitability and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our futuresuccess depends on our ability to expand the Company’s business to address growth in demand for our current and future products.Our ability to expand the Company’s business is subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including:●the unavailability of additional funding to invest more in brand recognition such as advertisement, expand our production capacity, purchase additionalfixed assets and purchase raw materials on favorable terms or at all;●our inability to manage an online shop, hire qualified personnel and establish distribution methods;●conditions in the commercial real estate market existing at the time we seek to expand;●delays and cost overruns as a result of a number of factors, many of which may be beyond our control, such as problems with equipment vendors andcontract manufacturers;●failure to maintain high quality control standards;●shortage of raw materials;●our inability to obtain, or delays in obtaining, required approvals by relevant government authorities;●diversion of significant management attention and other resources; and●failure to execute our expansion plan effectively.The expansion of our business may place significant strain on our personnel, management, financial systems and operational infrastructure and may impede ourability to meet any increased demand for our products. To accommodate the Company’s growth, we will need to implement a variety of new and upgradedoperational and financial systems, procedures, and controls, including improvements to our accounting and other internal management systems, by dedicatingadditional resources to our reporting and accounting function and improvements to our record keeping and contract tracking system. We will also need to recruitmore personnel and train and manage our growing employee base. Furthermore, we will need to maintain and expand relationships with our current and futurecustomers, suppliers, distributors and other third parties, and there is no guarantee that we will succeed.In the future, we also intend to invest more resources to research and purchase online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that we will have betteropportunities to expand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores. In addition, we will keep on exploring other areas and business models, such as theuse of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends.If we encounter any of the risks described above or if we are otherwise unable to establish or successfully operate online shops or additional production capacity,we may be unable to grow our business and revenues, reduce our operating costs, maintain our competitiveness or improve our profitability and, consequently, ourbusiness, financial condition, results of operations and prospects will be adversely affected.6Table of ContentsIf we are unable to fund capital expenditures or obtain additional sources of liquidity when we need it, our business may be adversely affected. In addition, ifwe obtain equity financing, the issuance of our equity securities could cause dilution for our stockholders. To the extent we obtain the financing through theissuance of debt securities, our debt service obligations could increase, and we may become subject to restrictive operating and financial covenants.We anticipate that we will make substantial capital investments to expand our business within the next 3 years. There is no assurance that we will have sufficientcash to fund our anticipated capital expenditures. If we need but are unable to obtain adequate financing with on terms favorable to us, we may be unable tosuccessfully maintain our operations and accomplish our growth strategy. In addition, we may be unable to generate sufficient cash internally or obtain alternativesources of capital to fund our proposed capital expenditures, take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures. As a result, we mayseek to sell additional equity securities, debt securities, or borrow from lending institutions. Any issuance of equity securities could cause dilution for ourstockholders. Any incurrence of indebtedness could increase our debt service obligations and cause us to be subject to restrictive operating and financecovenants. Our ability to obtain external financing in the future is also subject to a number of uncertainties, including:●Our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;●general market conditions for financing activities by companies in our industry;●economic, political and other conditions in China and elsewhere; and●uncertain economic prospect and tightened credit markets resulting from the recent global economic slowdown and financial market crisis.If we are unable to obtain funding in a timely manner or on commercially acceptable terms, or at all, our growth prospects and future profitability may be materiallyadversely affected. Adverse changes in the capital markets could make it difficult to obtain capital or obtain it at attractive rates.Our past results may not be indicative of our future performance and evaluating our business and prospects may be difficult.Our business has gone through various stages of the business life cycle in recent years as demonstrated by our growth in net sales, which reached $99.6 million forthe year ended December 31, 2013, while in 2014 our net sales decreased by 40% to $58.8 million and in year 2015 net sales went up slightly by 4.3% to $61.3 million,our net sales decreased by 32.8% to $41.2 million in 2016, net sales decreased 42% to $23.8 million in 2017 and net sales further decreased 22% to $18.53 million in2018. The decrease in sales in 2016, 2017 and 2018 as compared with 2013 was mainly due to the slowdown of the Chinese economic growth and a challenging retailenvironment. As a result, we cannot assure that we will be able to achieve similar growth in future periods as recent years before 2014, and our historical operatingresults may not provide a meaningful basis for evaluating our business, financial performance and prospects. Moreover, our ability to achieve satisfactoryproduction results at higher volumes is unproven. Therefore, you should not rely on our past results or our historical rate of growth as an indication of our futureperformance.We experience fluctuations in operating results.Our annual and quarterly operating results have fluctuated, and are expected to continue to fluctuate. Among the factors that may cause our operating results tofluctuate are customers’ response to merchandise offerings, the timing of the rollout of new sales outlets, seasonal variations in sales, the timing of merchandisereceipts, the level of merchandise returns, changes in merchandise mix and presentation, our cost of merchandise, unanticipated operating costs, and other factorsbeyond our control, such as general economic conditions and actions of competitors.We have historically experienced seasonal fluctuations in our sales. A substantial portion of our revenues are typically earned during the second and fourthquarters and we generally experience lowest revenues during the first and third quarters. If sales during the second and fourth quarters are lower than expected, ouroperating results would be adversely affected, and it would have a disproportionately large impact on our annual operating results. The sales of our products arealso affected by local spending behavior, which are typically affected by seasonal shopping patterns during major Chinese holidays.7Table of ContentsAs a result of these factors, we believe that periodtoperiod comparisons of historical and future results will not necessarily be meaningful and should not be reliedon as an indication of future performance.Our failure to collect the trade receivables or untimely collection could affect our liquidity.Our distributors place advance purchase orders twice a year. From 2015 to 2018, we typically expect and receive payment within 30180 days of product delivery. Inaddition, approximately 83.2% of accounts receivables are within a 180 days credit term. Starting in September 2015, we extended credit to some of our customers to150180 days without requiring collaterals. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of the financial condition of our customers and we generally require no collateralfrom our distributors and authorized retailers to secure their payment obligations. However, our sales going forward may rely more heavily on credit, and if weencounter future problems collecting amounts due from our clients or if we experience delays in the collection of amounts due from our clients, our liquidity could benegatively affected.The Chinese economy experienced a softening of economic growth, and the apparel industry is also facing a downturn. The impact of the current and possiblefuture economic downturn on our distributors cannot be predicted and may be severe, causing a significant impact on their business. As a result, our financialcondition and result of operations could be negatively affected. In addition, if they cannot continue their orders of our products due to the failure of paying us forits previous purchases, our brand image and reputation may be materially negatively affected as well.We rely on distributors for a substantial portion of our sales and the loss of any of our large distributors would harm our business. A substantial portion of our sales are made to distributors that resell our products. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, distributors accounted forapproximately 67% and 73% of our total sales, respectively, and our top five distributors accounted for approximately 23.8% and 34.8% of our total sales,respectively. The marketing efforts of our distributors are critical for our success. If we fail to attract additional distributors, and our existing distributors do notpromote our products at the same or at a greater level than the products of our competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could beadversely affected.Furthermore, there is no assurance that any of our distributors will satisfy the sales targets set forth in their distribution agreements and we or they may not wish torenew the distribution agreements in future years. Moreover, our distributors are not obliged to continue to place orders with the Company at the same level asbefore or at all and there is no assurance that we would be able to obtain orders from other distributors to replace any such lost sales on terms satisfactory to us orall. If any of our largest distributors substantially reduces its purchases from us, or otherwise fails to renew its distribution agreement with us, we may suffer asignificant loss of sales and our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We have limited control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhereto, or fail to cause the third party retail outlet operators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.We rely on the contractual obligations set forth in the distribution agreements that we enter into with our distributors, as well as policies and standards we formulatefrom time to time, to impose our retail policies on these distributors in respect of the franchisee retail outlets. In addition, as we do not enter into any agreementswith the third party retail outlet operators, we rely on our distributors to ensure that these franchisee retail outlets operate in accordance with our retail policies. Assuch, our control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and the franchisee retail outlet operators is limited. There is no assurance that our distributors orthe third party franchisee retail outlet operators will comply with, or that the distributors will enforce, our retail policies. As a result, we may not be able to effectivelymanage our sales network or maintain a uniform brand image, and cannot assure you that franchisee retail outlets would continue to offer quality services toconsumers.8Table of ContentsIn addition, if any of the distributors or third party franchisee retail outlet operators experiences difficulties in selling our products in the retail market, they mayattempt to disregard our pricing policies and liquidate their excessive inventory buildup through aggressive discounts, which may damage the image and the valueof our brand. There is no assurance that we will be able to, in a timely manner, impose penalties on or replace any distributors who consistently fail to comply with,or fail to cause the third party franchisee retail outlet operators appointed by them to comply with, our retail policies in their operation of franchisee retail outlets. Insuch event, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We may not be able to accurately track the inventory levels at our distributors, retailers or department store concessions.Our ability to track the sales by our distributors to thirdparty retailers and the ultimate retail sales by the retailers, and consequently their respective inventorylevels, is limited. We implement a policy to require our distributors to provide us with their sales reports on a weekly basis and we carry out random onsiteinspections of our distributors to track their inventories. The purpose of tracking the inventory level is mainly to gather information regarding the market acceptanceof our products so that we can reflect consumers’ preferences in the design and development of our products for the next season. The tracking of inventory levelalso helps us to understand the market recognition of our products in a particular region, and thus allows us to adjust our marketing strategy if necessary. Theimplementation of the policy, however, requires the distributors to accurately report the relevant data to us in a timely manner, which is largely dependent on thecooperation of the Company’s distributors. We may not always obtain the required data in time and the data provided to us by our distributors may be inaccurate orincomplete.Inaccurate, mistaken, incomplete or delayed data regarding inventory levels may mislead the Company to make wrong business judgments for its production,marketing efforts and sales strategies. If that happens, our operations and financial results may be materially adversely affected. In addition, if we cannot manageinventory levels properly, future orders of our products may be reduced, which would materially adversely affect our future business, financial condition, results ofoperation and prospects.Our operations could be materially adversely affected if we fail to effectively manage our relationships with, or lose the services of, our OEM contractmanufacturers.The production of our brand name products are 100% outsourced to PRCbased thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2018 and2017 we had 5 and 6 contract manufacturers, respectively. Purchases from our top five OEM contract manufacturers accounted for approximately 92% and 88.6% ofour total purchases for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As we do not enter into longterm contracts with our OEM contractmanufacturers, they may decide not to accept our future OEM orders on the same or similar terms, or at all. If an OEM contract manufacturer decides to substantiallyreduce its volume of supply to us or to terminate its business relationship with us, we may not be able to find a proper replacement in a timely manner and may beforced to default on the agreements with our distributors that sell our products. This may negatively impact our revenues and adversely affect our reputation andrelationships with our distributors that sell our products, causing a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.Further, if any of our OEM contract manufacturers fails to provide the required number of products meeting our quality standards, we may have to delay delivery ofproducts to our distributors, become unable to supply products at all, or even recall products previously dispatched. This could cause the Company to loserevenues or market share and damage our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operationsand prospects. In addition, some OEM contract manufacturers may not fully comply with certain laws, such as labor and environmental laws. If any of our OEMcontract manufacturers is found to have violated laws and regulations in the PRC, media reports on such violations may negatively affect our reputation and image,resulting in material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.9Table of ContentsWhile we provide the designs of our products to the OEM contract manufacturers, as well as guidance for manufacturing the products ordered by us, we do nothave direct control over the OEM contract manufacturers. If any of them is involved in unauthorized production and sale of goods using the KBS brand, ourreputation, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.As the Company grows, our reliance on OEM contract manufacturers may also grow as our added production capacity may not be sufficient to keep pace with theincreased production requirements driven by our growth. We may not be able to find sufficient additional OEM contract manufacturers to produce our products onthe same or similar terms as our existing OEM contract manufacturers, and we may not be able to achieve our growth and development goals.Any interruption in our operations could impair our financial performance and negatively affect our brand. Our operations are complicated and integrated, involving the coordination of thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers and external distribution processes. Whilethese operations are modified on a regular basis in an effort to improve outsourcing and distribution efficiency and flexibility, we may experience difficulties incoordinating the various aspects of our operations processes, thereby causing downtime and delays. In addition, we may encounter interruption in our operationsprocesses due to a catastrophic loss or events beyond our control, such as fires, explosions, labor disturbances or violent weather conditions. Any interruptions inour operations or capabilities at our facilities could result in our inability to procure our products, which would reduce our net sales and earnings for the affectedperiod. If there are delays in delivery times to our customers, our business and reputation could be severely affected. Any significant delays in deliveries to ourcustomers could lead to increased returns or cancellations and cause the Company to lose future sales. The Company currently does not have business interruptioninsurance to offset these potential losses, delays and risks so a material interruption of our business operations could severely damage our business.We rely heavily on our management information system for inventory management, distribution and other functions. If our system fail to perform thesefunctions adequately or if we experience an interruption in our operation, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. The efficient operation of our business is dependent on our management information systems. We rely heavily on our management information systems to manageour order entry, order fulfillment, pricing, pointofsale and inventory replenishment processes. We cannot assure you that our management information system will operate properly or without interruption. Any malfunction to any part or all of our managementinformation system for a prolonged period may cause delays in operations or impairment of our overall business efficiency. We also cannot ensure that the level ofsecurity currently maintained will be sufficient to protect the system from third party intrusions, viruses, lost or stolen data, or similar situations. Additionally, aspart of our growth and development strategy over the next few years, we plan to upgrade and improve our management information system. We cannot assure youthat there will be no interruptions to our management information system during the upgrades or that the new management information system will be able tointegrate fully with the existing information system. The failure of our management information system to perform as we anticipate could disrupt our business and could result in decreased revenue, increased overheadcosts and excess or outofstock inventory levels, causing our business and results of operations to suffer materially. Failure to protect the integrity, security and use of our customers’ information and media could expose us to litigation and materially damage our standingwith our customers. Increasing costs associated with information security — such as increased investment in technology, the costs of compliance with consumer protection laws andcosts resulting from consumer fraud — could cause our business and results of operations to suffer materially. While we have taken significant steps to protectcustomer and confidential information, including entering into confidentiality agreements with relevant employees and incorporate confidentiality clauses in ourpolicies, there can be no assurance that advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments will prevent thecompromise of our customer transaction processing capabilities and personal data. If any such compromise of our security were to occur, it could have a materialadverse effect on our reputation, operating results and financial condition. Any such compromise may materially increase the costs we incur to protect against suchinformation security breaches and could subject us to additional legal risk. Procurement specialists and managers are required to sign a confidentiality agreement. 10Table of ContentsWe have limited insurance coverage in China and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses. Operation of our facilities involves many risks, including equipment failures, natural disasters, industrial accidents, power outages, labor disturbances and otherbusiness interruptions. We do not carry any business interruption insurance, product recall or thirdparty liability insurance for our production facilities or withrespect to our products to cover claims pertaining to personal injury or property or environmental damage arising from defects in our products, product recalls,accidents on our property or damage relating to our operations. While business interruption insurance and other types of insurance are available to a limited extentin China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of such insurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commerciallyreasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Therefore, our existing insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all risks associatedwith our business. As a result, we may be required to pay for financial and other losses, damages and liabilities, including those caused by natural disasters andother events beyond our control, out of our own funds, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our inability to protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights may prevent us from successfully marketing our products and competingeffectively. We believe our trademarks and other intellectual property rights are important to our success and competitive position and recognize the importance of registeringthe trademarks related to our KBS brand for protection against infringement. We currently hold two registered trademarks. Failure to protect our intellectual propertycould harm our brand and our reputation, and adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. Further, enforcing or defending our intellectual property rights,including our trademarks, patents, copyrights and trade secrets, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. We produce, marketand sell our products under registered trademarks. We regard our intellectual property, particularly our trademarks and trade secrets to be of considerable value andimportance to our business and our success. We rely on a combination of trademark, patent, and trade secrecy laws, and contractual provisions to protect ourintellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect these proprietary rights will be adequate or that third parties will notinfringe or misappropriate our trademarks, trade secrets or similar proprietary rights. In addition, there can be no assurance that other parties will not assertinfringement claims against us, and we may have to pursue litigation against other parties to assert our rights. Any such claim or litigation could be costly, and wemay lack the resources required to defend against such claims. In addition, any event that would jeopardize our proprietary rights or any claims of infringement bythird parties could have a material adverse effect on our ability to market or sell our brands, and profitably exploit our products.Environmental regulations impose substantial costs and limitations on our operations. We use chemicals and produce significant emissions in our manufacturing operations. As such, we are subject to various national and local environmental laws andregulations in China concerning issues such as air emissions, wastewater discharges, and solid waste management and disposal. These laws and regulations canrestrict or limit our operations and expose us to liability and penalties for noncompliance. While we believe that our facilities are in material compliance with allapplicable environmental laws and regulations, the risks of substantial unanticipated costs and liabilities related to compliance with these laws and regulations arean inherent part of our business. It is possible that future conditions may develop, arise or be discovered that create new environmental compliance or remediationliabilities and costs. While we believe that we can comply with existing environmental legislation and regulatory requirements and that the costs of compliance havebeen included within budgeted cost estimates, compliance may prove to be more limiting and costly than anticipated.We may be unable to establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, and, as a result, we may be unable to accuratelyreport our financial results or prevent fraud.We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities law. The SEC as required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (“SOX 404”), adoptedrules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal control over financial reporting in its annual report, which mustalso contain management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, the independent registered publicaccounting firm auditing the financial statements of a company that is not a nonaccelerated filer under Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act must also attest to theoperating effectiveness of the company’s internal controls.11Table of ContentsFailure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could result in our inability to accurately report our financial results, prevent or detect fraudor provide timely and reliable financial and other information pursuant to the reporting obligations we have as a public company, which could have a materialadverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, it could cause our investors to lose confidence in the information we report,which could adversely affect our stock price.RISKS RELATED TO DOING BUSINESS IN CHINAOur business operation may be affected if we are forced to relocate our manufacturing facilities and stores.We leased the premises for our office located in Shishi and one corporate store. However, none of our lease agreements have been registered with the relevantgovernmental agencies. According to our PRC legal counsel, without registration, our rights to use and occupy the premises may not be secured if any third partiessuch as other tenants who have registered their lease agreements challenge us under PRC law. Moreover, while we have taken various measures to verify theownership of property such as checking utility bills and search government records, most of our landlords have declined to confirm whether they possess theproperty ownership certificates and land use rights certificates for our properties. As a result, we have been unable to verify whether third parties may assert theirownership rights under PRC law against most of our landlords or challenge most of our leases in the future. If our rights to use the premises are challenged, we maybe forced to relocate to other premises. We may not be able to relocate to a suitable premise promptly or lease alternative premises on terms at least as favorable asour existing ones. In addition, relocation costs and interruption of production may have a material adverse effect on our business operation and financialperformance.Changes in the economic and political policies of the PRC government could have a material and adverse effect on our business and operations.We conduct substantially all our business operations in China. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are significantly dependenton economic and political developments in China. China’s economy differs from the economies of developed countries in many aspects, including the level ofdevelopment, growth rate and degree of government control over foreign exchange and allocation of resources. While China’s economy has experienced significantgrowth in the past 30 years, the growth has been uneven across different regions and periods and among various economic sectors in China. We cannot assure youthat China’s economy will continue to grow, or that if there is growth, such growth will be steady and uniform, or that if there is a slowdown, such slowdown will nothave a negative effect on its business and results of operations.The PRC government exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, control over payment of foreign currencydenominated obligations, implementation of monetary policy, and preferential treatment of particular industries or companies. Certain measures adopted by the PRCgovernment may restrict loans to certain industries, such as changes in the statutory deposit reserve ratio and lending guidelines for commercial banks by thePeople’s Bank of China, or PBOC. These current and future government actions could materially affect our liquidity, access to capital, and ability to operate ourbusiness.The global financial markets experienced significant disruptions in 2008 and the United States, Europe and other economies went into recession. Since 2012, growthof the Chinese economy has slowed. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources.Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy but may also have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operation could bematerially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, any stimulusmeasures designed to boost the Chinese economy, may contribute to higher inflation, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.See “Risks Related to Doing Business in China Future inflation in China may inhibit our ability to conduct business in China.”12Table of ContentsUncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the legal protections available to you and us.We conduct substantially all of our business through our operating subsidiaries in the PRC. Our operating subsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulationsapplicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws applicable to foreigninvested enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes, andprior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, a series of new PRC laws and regulations have significantlyenhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, since the PRC legal system continues to evolve rapidly, theinterpretations of many laws, regulations, and rules are not always uniform, and enforcement of these laws, regulations, and rules involve uncertainties, which maylimit legal protections available to you and us. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources andmanagement attention. In addition, most of our executive officers and directors are residents of China and not of the United States, and substantially all the assets ofthese persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it could be difficult for investors to affect service of process in the United States or to enforce ajudgment obtained in the United States against our Chinese operations and subsidiaries.You may have difficulty enforcing judgments against us.Most of our assets are located outside of the United States and most of our current operations are conducted in the PRC. In addition, most of our directors andofficers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons is located outside the UnitedStates. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce inU.S. courts judgments on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, most of whom are not residents inthe United States and the substantial majority of whose assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts ofthe PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts. Our counsel as to PRC law has advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgmentsare provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. Courts in China may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRCCivil Procedures Law based on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have anytreaties or other arrangements that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments with the United States. In addition, according to thePRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violatesbasic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security, or the public interest. So, it is uncertain whether a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by acourt in the United States.The PRC government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities.The PRC government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and stateownership. Our ability to operate in China may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, import and export tariffs,environmental regulations, land use rights, property, and other matters. We believe that our operations in China are in material compliance with all applicable legaland regulatory requirements. However, the central or local governments of the jurisdictions in which we operate may impose new, stricter regulations orinterpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations orinterpretations.Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision not to continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more centrally plannedeconomy or regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant effect on economic conditions in China or particularregions thereof and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then hold in Chinese properties or joint venturesRestrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our sales effectively. The majority of our sales will be settled in RMB and U.S. dollars, and any future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit our ability to use revenue generated inRMB to fund any future business activities outside China or to make dividend or other payments in U.S. dollars. Although the Chinese government introducedregulations in 1996 to allow greater convertibility of the RMB for current account transactions, significant restrictions still remain, including primarily the restrictionthat foreigninvested enterprises may only buy, sell or remit foreign currencies after providing valid commercial documents, at those banks in China authorized toconduct foreign exchange business. In addition, conversion of RMB for capital account items, including direct investment and loans, is subject to governmentalapproval in China, and companies are required to open and maintain separate foreign exchange accounts for capital account items. We cannot be certain that theChinese regulatory authorities will not impose more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of the RMB in the future.13Table of ContentsFluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.The value of our securities will be indirectly affected by the foreign exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and RMB and between those currencies and othercurrencies in which our sales may be denominated. Appreciation or depreciation in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial resultsreported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations. Fluctuations in the exchange rate will alsoaffect the relative value of any dividend we issue that will be exchanged into U.S. dollars, as well as earnings from, and the value of, any U.S. dollardenominatedinvestments we make in the future.Since July 2005, the RMB has no longer been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Since then the RMB has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly andunpredictably, and in recent years the RMB has depreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progresstowards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate systemand there is no guarantee that the RMB will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how marketforces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future.Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedgingtransactions. While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited, and we may not beable to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition, our foreign currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrictour ability to convert RMB into foreign currencies. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends and other distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you, and otherwise fund and conduct our business. Substantially all of our sales are earned by our PRC subsidiaries. However, PRC regulations restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make dividends and otherpayments to their offshore parent companies. PRC legal restrictions permit payments of dividends by our PRC subsidiaries only out of their accumulated aftertaxprofits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are also required under PRC laws and regulations toallocate at least 10% of their annual aftertax profits determined in accordance with PRC GAAP to a statutory general reserve fund until the amounts in said fundreaches 50% of their registered capital. Allocations to these statutory reserve funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not transferable to us in the formof loans, advances, or cash dividends. Any limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to transfer funds to us could materially and adversely limit our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends and otherwise fund and conduct our business.PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary toliability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital ordistribute profits.SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing andRoundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as “SAFECircular 75” promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of the SAFE in connection with theirdirect establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets orequity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a “special purpose vehicle.” SAFE Circular 37 furtherrequires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capitalcontributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in aspecial purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profitdistributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent crossborder foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted inits ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described abovecould result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for theForeign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015 by SAFE, local banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration foroverseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under SAFE Circular 37 from June 1, 2015.14Table of ContentsAccording to SAFE Circular 37, our shareholders or beneficial owners, who are PRC residents, are subject to SAFE Circular 37 or other foreign exchangeadministrative regulations in respect of their investment in our company. We have notified substantial beneficial owners of ordinary shares who we know are PRCresidents of their filing obligations. Nevertheless, we may not be aware of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. We do not havecontrol over our beneficial owners and there can be no assurance that all of our PRCresident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE Circular 37 and subsequentimplementation rules, and there is no assurance that the registration under SAFE Circular 37 and any amendment will be completed in a timely manner, or will becompleted at all. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their foreign exchange registrations in a timely manner pursuant toSAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with theregistration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to fines andlegal sanctions. Such failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiary and limitour PRC subsidiary’s ability to distribute dividends to our company. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and resultsof operations.Furthermore, SAFE Circular 37 is unclear how this regulation, and any future regulation concerning offshore or crossborder transactions, will be interpreted,amended and implemented by the relevant PRC government authorities, and we cannot predict how these regulations will affect our business operations or futurestrategy. Failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRCsubsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to us. These risks could in the future have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results ofoperations.We may be unable to complete a business combination transaction efficiently or on favorable terms due to complicated merger and acquisition regulationswhich became effective on September 8, 2006.On August 9, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the China Securities Regulatory Commission, promulgated the Regulation on Mergers and Acquisitionsof Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006, and was subsequently amended in 2009. This regulation, among otherthings, governs the approval process of a PRC company’s participation in an acquisition of assets or equity interests. Depending on the structure of the transaction,the regulation requires the PRC parties to make a series of applications and supplemental applications to the government agencies for approval of acquisition ofassets or equity interests from other entity. In some instances, the application process may require a presentation of economic data concerning the transaction,including appraisals of the target business and evaluations of the acquirer, which are designed to allow the government to assess viability of the transaction.Government approvals will have expiration dates, by which a transaction must be completed and reported to the government agencies. Compliance with theregulation is likely to be more time consuming and expensive than it was in the past, and provides the government more controls over business combination of twoenterprises. As a result, our ability to engage in business combination transactions has become significantly more complicated, time consuming, and expensive. Wemay not be able to negotiate a transaction that is acceptable to our stockholders or sufficiently protect their interests in a transaction.The regulation allows PRC governmental agencies to assess the economic terms of a business combination transaction. Parties to a business combinationtransaction may have to submit to MOFCOM and other relevant government agencies an appraisal report, an evaluation report, and the acquisition agreement, all ofwhich were a part of the application for approval, depending on the structure of the transaction. The regulation also prohibits a transaction with an acquisition priceobviously lower than the appraised value of the PRC business or assets and in certain transaction structures, and requires consideration being paid within a definedperiod, generally not in excess of a year. The regulation also limits our ability to negotiate various terms of the acquisition, including the initial consideration,contingent consideration, holdback provisions, indemnification provisions, and provisions related to the assumption and allocation of assets and liabilities.Transaction structures involving trusts, nominees and similar entities are prohibited. Therefore, such regulation may impede our ability to negotiate and complete abusiness combination transaction on financial terms that satisfy our investors and protect our stockholders’ economic interests.15Table of ContentsPRC regulation of loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion mayrestrict or prevent us from using the proceeds of our future financings to make loans to our PRC subsidiaries, or to make additional capital contributions toour PRC subsidiary.We, as an offshore holding company, are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC subsidiary, which are treated as foreigninvestedenterprises under PRC laws, through loans or capital contributions. However, loans by us to any PRC subsidiary to finance its activities cannot exceed statutorylimits and must be registered with the local counterpart of SAFE and capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary are subject to the requirement of making necessaryfilings in the Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System, and registration with other governmental authorities in China.SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital ofForeigninvested Enterprises, or Circular 19, effective on June 1, 2015, in replacement of the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvementof the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign Invested Enterprises, or Circular 142, the Notice from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Exchange Businesses, or Circular 59, and theCircular on Further Clarification and Regulation of the Issues Concerning the Administration of Certain Capital Account Foreign Exchange Businesses, orCircular 45. According to Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of a foreigninvestedcompany is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans, the repayment of interenterprise loans or the repayment ofbank loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of aforeign invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within the PRC, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFEwill permit such capital to be used for equity investments in the PRC in actual practice. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, whichreiterates some of the rules set forth in Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registeredcapital of a foreigninvested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to grant loans to nonassociated enterprises.Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. Circular 19 and Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer anyforeign currency we hold, including the net proceeds from our future financings, to our PRC subsidiary, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability tofund and expand our business in the PRC.Due to the restrictions imposed on loans in foreign currencies extended to any PRC domestic companies, we are not likely to make such loans to any of our PRCsubsidiaries. Meanwhile, we are not likely to finance the activities of our subsidiaries by means of capital contributions given the restrictions on foreign investmentin the businesses that are currently conducted by our subsidiaries.In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannotassure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, withrespect to future loans to our PRC subsidiary or any consolidated variable interest entity or future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiary. As a result,uncertainties exist as to our ability to provide prompt financial support to our PRC subsidiaries when needed. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain suchapprovals, our ability to use foreign currency, including the proceeds we received from our future financings, and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operationsmay be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.16Table of ContentsAny failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal oradministrative sanctions.Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas nonpubliclylisted companies may submit applications to SAFE orits local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. In the meantime, our directors, executive officers andother employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year, subject to limitedexceptions, and who have been granted restricted shares, options or restricted share units, or RSUs, by us or our overseas listed subsidiaries may follow the Noticeon Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company,issued by SAFE in February 2012, to apply for the foreign exchange registration. According to those regulations, employees, directors and other managementmembers participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC citizens residing in China for acontinuous period of not less than one year, subject to limited exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which may be aPRC subsidiary of the overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines andlegal sanctions and may also limit their ability to make payment under the relevant equity incentive plans or receive dividends or sales proceeds related thereto inforeign currencies, or our ability to contribute additional capital into our domestic subsidiaries in China and limit our domestic subsidiaries’ ability to distributedividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties under PRC law that could restrict our ability or the ability of our overseas listed subsidiaries to adoptadditional equity incentive plans for our directors and employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period ofnot less than one year, subject to limited exceptions.In addition, the State Administration of Taxation has issued circulars concerning employee share options, restricted shares or RSUs. Under these circulars,employees working in the PRC who exercise share options, or whose restricted shares or RSUs vest, will be subject to PRC individual income tax. The PRCsubsidiaries of an overseas listed company have obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authoritiesand to withhold individual income taxes of those employees related to their share options, restricted shares or RSUs. If the employees fail to pay, or the PRCsubsidiaries fail to withhold, their income taxes according to relevant laws, rules and regulations, the PRC subsidiaries may face sanctions imposed by the taxauthorities.Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a “resident enterprise” of China. Such classification will likely result in unfavorable taxconsequences to us and our nonPRC shareholders.On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress of China passed a new Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law. On November 28, 2007, the State Council ofChina passed its implementing rules, which took effect on January 1, 2008. Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto managementbodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise,” meaning that it can be treated in a manner similar to a Chinese enterprise for enterprise income taxpurposes. The implementing rules of the EIT Law define de facto management as “substantial and overall management and control over the production andoperations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise.On April 22, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice Concerning Relevant Issues Regarding Cognizance of Chinese Investment ControlledEnterprises Incorporated Offshore as Resident Enterprises. According to the Criteria of de facto Management Bodies, or the Notice, further interprets the applicationof the EIT Law and its implementation nonChinese enterprise or group controlled offshore entities. Pursuant to the Notice, an enterprise incorporated in an offshorejurisdiction and controlled by a Chinese enterprise or group will be classified as a “nondomestically incorporated resident enterprise” if (i) its senior management incharge of daily operations reside or perform their duties mainly in China; (ii) its financial or personnel decisions are made or approved by bodies or persons in China;(iii) its substantial assets and properties, accounting books, corporate chops, board and shareholder minutes are kept in China; and (iv) at least half of its directorswith voting rights or senior management often resident in China. A resident enterprise would be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on its worldwideincome and must pay a withholding tax at a rate of 10%, when paying dividends to its nonPRC shareholders. However, it remains unclear as to whether the Notice isapplicable to an offshore enterprise incorporated by a Chinese natural person, nor detailed measures on imposition of tax from nondomestically incorporatedresident enterprises are available. Therefore, it is unclear how tax authorities will determine tax residency based on the facts of each case.17Table of ContentsWe may be deemed to be a resident enterprise by Chinese tax authorities. If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for the PRCenterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on financingproceeds and nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although, under the EIT Law and its implementingrules, dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued a guidance with respect to the processingof outbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for the PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidanceissued with respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation, which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to ournonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC stockholders from transferring our shares.Our failure to fully comply with PRC laws relating to social insurance and housing accumulation fund may expose it to potential administrative penalties. The PRC laws and regulations require all employers in China to fully contribute their own portion to the social insurance and housing accumulation funds for theiremployees within a certain period of time. Failure to do so may expose the employers to make rectification for the unpaid contributions by the relevant laborauthority. As of the date of this report, Hongri PRC has not paid housing accumulation funds for its employees. In addition, Hongri PRC failed to make contributions to thesocial insurance in full amount for its employees before 2014. PRC governmental authorities may impose penalties on Hongri PRC for failure to comply. In addition, inthe event that any current or former employee files a complaint with the PRC government, Hongri PRC may be subject to making up the contributions to the socialinsurance and housing accumulation funds as well as paying administrative fines. The total cost of these contributions and any related fines or penalties could besignificant and could have a material adverse effect on our working capital. We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Chinese anticorruption laws, and any determination that we violated these lawscould have a material adverse effect on our business. We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act, or FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and theirofficials and political parties by U.S. persons and issuers as defined by the statute, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have operations,agreements with third parties, and make most of our sales in China. The PRC also strictly prohibits bribery of government officials. Our activities in China create therisk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company, even though they may not alwaysbe subject to our control. It is our policy to implement safeguards to discourage these practices by our employees. However, our existing safeguards and any futureimprovements may prove to be less than effective, and the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company may engage in conduct for whichwe might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA or Chinese anticorruption laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to otherliabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the U.S. government may seek to hold our Companyliable for successor liability FCPA violations committed by companies in which we invest or that we acquire. If we become directly subject to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.listed Chinese companies, we may have to expendsignificant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations, stock price and reputation, and could result in a loss ofyour investment in our stock, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favorably. In the past few years, U.S. publicly traded companies that have substantially all of their operations in China, particularly companies like us have been the subject ofintense scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators, and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism,and negative publicity has centered around financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, lacking effective internal controls over financial accounting,inadequate corporate governance policies or lacking of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, criticism, and negativepublicity, the publicly traded stocks of many U.S. listed Chinese companies have sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, have become virtually worthless.Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions, and are conducting internal and external investigations into theallegations. It is not clear the effect of this sectorwide scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity will have on our Company, our business, and our stock price. If webecome the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources toinvestigate such allegations defending our Company. This situation will be costly, time consuming, and distract our management from growing our company.18Table of ContentsThe disclosures in our reports and other filings with the SEC and our other public pronouncements will not be subject to the scrutiny of any regulatory bodiesin the PRC. Accordingly, our public disclosure should be reviewed in light of the fact that no governmental agency that is located in China where all of ouroperations and business are located have conducted any due diligence on our operations or reviewed or cleared any of our disclosure. Unlike public reporting companies whose operations are located primarily in the United States, however, all of our operations will be located in China. Since all of ouroperations and business takes place in China, it may be more difficult for the Staff of the SEC to overcome the geographic and cultural obstacles that are presentwhen reviewing our disclosure. These same obstacles are not present for similar companies whose operations or business take place entirely or primarily in theUnited States. Furthermore, our SEC reports and other disclosure and public pronouncements are not subject to the review or scrutiny of any PRC regulatoryauthority. For example, the disclosure in our SEC reports and other filings are not subject to the review of the CSRC, a PRC regulator that is tasked with oversight ofthe capital markets in China. Accordingly, you should review our SEC reports, filings and our other public pronouncements with the understanding that no localregulator has done any due diligence on our company and with the understanding that none of our SEC reports, other filings or any of our other publicpronouncements has been reviewed or otherwise been scrutinized by any local regulator. Proceedings instituted by the SEC against five PRCbased accounting firms could result in financial statements being determined to be not in compliance withthe requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.In December 2012, the SEC instituted proceedings under Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) of the SEC’s Rules of Practice against five PRCbased accounting firms alleging that thesefirms had violated U.S. securities laws and the SEC’s rules and regulations thereunder by failing to provide to the SEC the firms’ work papers related to their audits ofcertain PRCbased companies that are publicly traded in the United States. Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) grants to the SEC the authority to deny to any person, temporarily orpermanently, the ability to practice before the SEC who is found by the SEC, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, to have willfully violated, or willfully aidedand abetted the violation of, any such laws or rules and regulations. On January 22, 2014, an initial administrative law decision was issued, sanctioning four of theseaccounting firms and suspending them from practicing before the SEC for a period of six months. The sanction will not take effect until there is an order ofeffectiveness issued by the SEC. In February 2014, four of these PRCbased accounting firms filed a petition for review of the initial decision. In February 2015, eachof these four accounting firms agreed to a censure and to pay fine to the SEC to settle the dispute with the SEC. The settlement stays the current proceeding for fouryears, during which time the firms are required to follow detailed procedures to seek to provide the SEC with access to Chinese firms’ audit documents via the CSRC.If a firm does not follow the procedures, the SEC would impose penalties such as suspensions, or commence a new, expedited administrative proceeding against thenoncompliant firm or it could restart the administrative proceeding against all four firms.If our independent registered public accounting firm were denied, temporarily or permanently, the ability to practice before the SEC, and we are unable to find in atimely manner another registered public accounting firm which can audit and issue a report on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determinedto not be in compliance with the requirements for financial statements of public companies with a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the SEC’s revocation of the registration of our common stock under theExchange Act, which would cause the immediate delisting of our common stock from the NASDAQ Capital Market, and the effective termination of the tradingmarket for our common stock in the United States, which would likely have a significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.19Table of ContentsOur holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should we decide inthe future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depend upon the receipts of dividends or other payments fromour operating subsidiaries, other holdings, and investments. In addition, our operating subsidiaries, from time to time, may be subject to restrictions on their abilityto make distributions to us, including as a result of restrictive covenants in loan agreements, restrictions on the conversion of local currency into U.S. dollars orother hard currency, and other regulatory restrictions as discussed below. If future dividends are paid in RMB, fluctuations in the exchange rate for conversion ofRMB into U.S. dollars may reduce the amount received by the U.S. stockholders upon conversion of dividend payments into U.S. dollars.Chinese regulations currently permit the payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards andregulations. Our subsidiaries in China are also required to set aside a portion of their aftertax profits to fund certain reserve funds according to the Chineseaccounting standards and regulations. Currently, our subsidiaries in China are the only sources of revenues or investment holdings for the payment of dividends. Ifthey do not accumulate sufficient profits under Chinese accounting standards and regulations to satisfy certain reserve funds as required by the Chineseaccounting standards, we will be unable to pay any dividends.Aftertax profits/losses with respect to the payment of dividends from accumulated profits and the annual appropriation of aftertax profits as calculated pursuant tothe Chinese accounting standards and regulations do not result in significant differences as compared to aftertax earnings as presented in our financial statements.However, there are certain differences between PRC accounting standards and regulations and U.S. GAAP, arising from different treatment of items such asamortization of intangible assets and change in fair value of contingent consideration rising from business combinations.RISKS RELATED TO THIS OFFERING AND THE MARKET FOR OUR SECURITIES GENERALLYIf we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of NASDAQ, we would face possible delisting, which would result in a limited public market for ourshares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Our common stock is traded and listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “KBSF.” The common stock may be delisted if we fail to maintain certainNasdaq listing requirements. For instance, companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bidprice per share of $1.00 for 30 consecutive business days. On March 3, 2016, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the 30 consecutive businessdays between January 20, 2016 and March 2, 2016, the bid price of our common stock closed below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQListing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued inclusion on The NASDAQ Capital Market. In accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we had an initial graceperiod of 180 calendar days, or until August 30, 2016, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. After the Company effectuated a oneforfifteenreverse stock split of the outstanding common stock, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq on February 27, 2017 stating that because the Company maintainedthe closing bid price of its common stock at $1.00 per share or greater from February 9 to February 24, 2017, they determined that the Company has regainedcompliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement.We cannot ensure you that we will continue to comply with the requirements for continued listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If our commonstock is no longer listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market, our shares would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our shares could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, andsecurity analysts’ coverage of us may be reduced. In addition, in the event our shares are delisted, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed uponthem, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions in our shares, further limiting the liquidity of our shares. These factors could result in lowerprices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our shares. Such delisting from The NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our shareprice could also greatly impair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing, and could significantly increase the ownershipdilution to shareholders caused by our issuing equity in financing or other transactions.20Table of ContentsIf we were delisted from NASDAQ, we may become subject to the trading complications experienced by “Penny Stocks” in the overthecounter market.Delisting from NASDAQ may cause our shares of common stock to become the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. The SEC generally defines a penny stock as an equitysecurity that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. One such exemption is tobe listed on NASDAQ. The market price of our common stock is currently higher than $1.00 per share. However, because the daily trading volume in our commonstock is very low, significant price movement can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Therefore, were we to be delisted from NASDAQ,our common stock may become subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. These rules require, among other things, that any broker engaging in a purchase or sale ofour securities provide its customers with: (i) a risk disclosure document, (ii) disclosure of market quotations, if any, (iii) disclosure of the compensation of the brokerand its salespersons in the transaction and (iv) monthly account statements showing the market values of our securities held in the customer’s accounts. A brokerwould be required to provide the bid and offer quotations and compensation information before effecting the transaction. This information must be contained on thecustomer’s confirmation. Generally, brokers are less willing to effect transactions in penny stocks due to these additional delivery requirements. These requirementsmay make it more difficult for shareholders to purchase or sell our shares. Because the broker, not us, prepares this information, we would not be able to assure thatsuch information is accurate, complete or current.Trading in our shares over the last three months has been very limited, so our stock price is highly volatile, leading to the possibility that you may not be able tosell as much stock as you want at prevailing prices.Because approximately 70% of our then issued and outstanding shares of common stock was tendered in the tender offering closed on July 29, 2014, we currentlyhave a limited amount of shares eligible for public trading. The average daily trading volume in our common stock over the last three months is very limited. If limitedtrading in our common stock continues, it may be difficult for investors to sell their shares in the public market at any given time at prevailing prices. Moreover, themarket price for shares of our common stock may be made more volatile because of the relatively low volume of trading in our common stock. When trading volumeis low, significant price movement of our common stock can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Volatility in our common stock couldcause stockholders to incur substantial losses.Numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly.There are numerous additional factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly. Thesefactors include:●our earnings releases, actual or anticipated changes in our earnings, fluctuations in our operating results or our failure to meet the expectations of financialmarket analysts and investors;●changes in financial estimates by us or by any securities analysts who might cover our shares;●speculation about our business in the press or the investment community;●significant developments relating to our relationships with our customers or suppliers;●stock market price and volume fluctuations of other publicly traded companies and, in particular, those that are in our industries;●customer demand for our products;●investor perceptions of our industry in general and our company in particular;●the operating and stock performance of comparable companies;●general economic conditions and trends;●major catastrophic events;●announcements by us or our competitors of new products, significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships or divestitures;●changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretation or principles;●loss of external funding sources;●sales of our shares, including sales by our directors, officers or significant shareholders; and●additions or departures of key personnel.21Table of ContentsSecurities class action litigation is often instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their share price. This type of litigation could result insubstantial costs to us and divert our management’s attention and resources. Moreover, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price andvolume fluctuations for reasons unrelated to operating performance of particular companies. For example, in July 2008, the securities markets in the United States,China and other jurisdictions experienced the largest decline in share prices since September 2001. These market fluctuations may adversely affect the price of ourshares and other interests in our company at a time when you want to sell your interest in us.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and do not anticipate paying any cashdividends on our shares. Accordingly, investors must be prepared to rely on sales of their shares after price appreciation to earn an investment return, which maynever occur. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our shares. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion ofour Board of Directors, and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable laws, and otherfactors our board deems relevant.Certain of our shareholders hold a significant percentage of our outstanding voting securities.Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, is the beneficial owner of approximately 37% of our outstanding voting securities. As a result, hepossesses significant influence and can elect a majority of our board of directors and authorize or prevent proposed significant corporate transactions. Hisownership and control may also have the effect of delaying or preventing a future change in control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other businesscombination or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer.Our outstanding warrants may adversely affect the market price of our shares of common stock.There are currently 393,836 warrants outstanding. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50. The sale orpossibility of sale of the shares underlying the warrants could have an adverse effect on the market price for our shares of common stock or our ability to obtainfuture financing. If and to the extent these warrants are exercised, you may experience dilution to your holdings.You will not be able to exercise your redeemable warrants if we do not have an effective registration statement and a prospectus in place when you desire to doso.No redeemable warrants will be exercisable, and we will not be obligated to issue shares of common stock upon exercise of redeemable warrants by a holder unless,at the time of such exercise, we have a registration statement or posteffective amendment under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuableupon the exercise of the redeemable warrants and a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Under the terms of a redeemable warrant agreementbetween American Stock Transfer & Trust Company as warrant agent, and us, we have agreed to use our best efforts to have a registration statement in effectcovering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants from the date the redeemable warrants become exercisable and to maintain acurrent prospectus relating to shares of common stock until the redeemable warrants expire or are redeemed, and to take such action as is necessary to qualify theshares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants for sale in those states in which the IPO was initially qualified. However, we cannotassure you that we will be able to do so. We may be unable to have a registration statement in effect covering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of theredeemable warrants or to maintain a current prospectus relating to such shares of common stock if, for example, we lack the current financial statements necessaryto be included in such registration statement or prospectus. We have no obligation to settle the redeemable warrants for cash, in any event, and the redeemablewarrants may not be exercised and we will not deliver securities therefor in the absence of an effective registration statement and a prospectus available for use. Theredeemable warrants may be deprived of any value, the market for the redeemable warrants may be limited if there is no registration statement in effect covering theshares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the redeemable warrants or the prospectus relating to the shares of common stock issuable upon the exerciseof the redeemable warrants is not current and the redeemable warrants may expire worthless. If you are unable to exercise or sell your redeemable warrants, you willhave paid the full unit price for only the shares of common stock underlying the units.22Table of ContentsHolders of warrants included in the placement units may exercise these warrants even if an effective registration statement and a prospectus is not in place,which means they may be able to exercise such warrants while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.Unlike the warrants underlying the units issued in connection with our IPO, the warrants included in the placement units will not be restricted from being exercisedin the absence of a registration statement under the Securities Act in effect covering the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the such warrantsand a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Therefore, the holders thereof will be able to exercise such warrants regardless of whether the issuanceof the underlying shares of common stock is registered under the Securities Act, while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.We are a “foreign private issuer” and have disclosure obligations that are different than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. Therefore, you should notexpect to receive the same information about us as a U.S. domestic reporting company may provide. Furthermore, if we or lose our status as a foreign privateissuer, we would be required to fully comply with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers and incur significantoperational, administrative, legal, and accounting costs that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer.We are a foreign private issuer. As a result, we are not subject to certain of the requirements imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the SEC. For example, we arenot required by the SEC or the federal securities laws to issue quarterly reports or file proxy statements with the SEC. We are also allowed to file our annual reportwith the SEC within four months of our fiscal year end. We are also not required to disclose certain detailed information regarding executive compensation that isrequired from U.S. domestic issuers. Further, our directors and executive officers are not required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Securities Act. Asa foreign private issuer, we are also exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups ofinvestors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. We are, however, still subject to the antifraud and antimanipulation rules ofthe SEC, such as Rule 10b5. Since many of the disclosure obligations required of us as a foreign private issuer are different than those required by U.S. domesticreporting companies, our shareholders should not expect to receive all of the same types of information about us and at the same time as information is receivedfrom, or provided by, U.S. domestic reporting companies. We are liable for violations of the rules and regulations of the SEC, which do apply to us as a foreignprivate issuer. Violations of these rules could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain NASDAQ corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. Thismay afford less protection to holders of our securities.We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. As a foreign private issuer,we are permitted to follow the governance practices of our home country, the Republic of the Marshall Islands in lieu of certain corporate governance requirementsof Nasdaq. As result, the standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not requiredto:●have a compensation committee and a nominating committee to be comprised solely of “independent directors; and●hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the Company’s fiscal yearend.As a result, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.Future sales or perceived sales of our shares of common stock could depress our stock price.As of the date of this report, we have 2,591,299 shares of common stock outstanding. Many of these shares will become eligible for sale in the public market, subjectto limitations imposed by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. If the holders of these shares were to attempt to sell a substantial amount of their holdings at once, themarket price of our common stock could decline. Moreover, the perceived risk of this potential dilution could cause shareholders to attempt to sell their shares andinvestors to short the common stock, a practice in which an investor sells shares that he or she does not own at prevailing market prices, hoping to purchase shareslater at a lower price to cover the sale. As each of these events would cause the number of shares of our common stock being offered for sale to increase, ourcommon stock market price would likely further decline. All of these events could combine to make it very difficult for us to sell equity or equityrelated securities inthe future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.23Table of ContentsHolders of our securities may face difficulties in protecting their interests because we are incorporated under the Republic of the Marshall Islands law.We are a company incorporated under the laws of the Marshall Islands, and almost all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, majority of ourdirectors and officers, and their assets, are located outside of the United States. As a result, you may have difficulty serving legal process within the United Statesupon us or any of these persons. You may also have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside the United States, judgments you may obtain in U.S. courts against usor these persons in any action, including actions based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal or state securities laws. You may also have difficultybringing an original action in the appropriate court of the Marshall Islands to enforce liabilities against us or any person based upon the U.S. federal securities laws.Provisions of our articles of incorporation may impede a takeover or make it more difficult for shareholders to change the direction or management of theCompany, which could reduce shareholders’ opportunity to influence management of the Company.Our articles of incorporation permit our board of directors to issue up to five million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 from time to time, with suchrights and preferences as they consider appropriate. These terms may include voting rights including the right to vote as a series on particular matters, preferencesas to dividends and liquidation, conversion rights and redemption rights provisions. The issuance of any preferred stock could reduce the value of our commonstock. In addition, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell assets to, a third party. Theability of the board of directors to issue preferred stock could make it more difficult, delay, discourage, prevent or make it more costly to acquire or effect a changeincontrol, which in turn could prevent shareholders from recognizing a gain in the event that a favorable offer is extended and could materially and negatively affectthe market price of our common stock.ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANYA.History and Development of the CompanyWe are a Republic of the Marshall Islands Company incorporated under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BDA”) on January 26, 2012. We wereoriginally organized under the name “Aquasition Corp.” for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, orsimilar acquisition transaction, one or more operating businesses or assets. The address of the Company’s principal executive office is Xingfengge Building,Baogaiyupu Industrial Park, Shishi City, Fujian Province of china.On March 24, 2014, we entered into a share exchange agreement and plan of liquidation (the “Exchange Agreement”), with KBS International, Hongri International, athen wholly owned subsidiary of KBS International and Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, each an individual and shareholder of KBS International (each, a“Principal Stockholder”). The Exchange Agreement was subsequently amended on June 21, 2014. The transactions contemplated in the Exchange Agreement (the“Share Exchange”) were closed on August 1, 2014. At the closing, we acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interest in Hongri International from KBSInternational. In exchange, we issued an aggregate of 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company to KBS International. In addition, on July 29, 2014, wecompleted a tender offer related to the Share Exchange and redeemed the 332,116 shares of common stock validly tendered and not withdrawn. Pursuant to theExchange Agreement, KBS International was liquidated and dissolved in August 2014 and the 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company were distributed toeach shareholder of KBS International according to their respective ownership of KBS International. As a result, following the consummation of the Share Exchange,we had a total of 1,694,489 shares of common stock outstanding.24Table of ContentsOn October 31, 2014, we held a special shareholder meeting and amended our Articles of Incorporation to change our name to KBS Fashion Group Limited.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.On March 29, 2016, we granted an aggregate of 73,334 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their past services in 2015 and future services to be provided in 2016.On July 10, 2017, we granted an aggregate of 215,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company as compensationsfor their services.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their services.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 registered shares of common stock pursuant to our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to our executive officers,directors and certain employees as compensations for their services.On March 29, 2019, our board of directors approved the issuance of 15,000 shares of common stock to our Investor Relationship firm as compensation for theirservices. The issuance of the shares was made in reliance on the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), for theoffer and sale of securities not involving a public offering, and Regulation S promulgated thereunder. None of the shares have been registered under the Act andneither may be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.25Table of ContentsCorporate StructureAll of our business operations are conducted through our PRC subsidiaries. The chart below presents our corporate structure as of the date of this report. The Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regardingissuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.Our web site address is http://www.kbsfashion.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of thisAnnual Report.Principal Capital Expenditures and DivestituresFor the year ended December 31, 2018, our total capital expenditures and divestitures were $nil. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, our total capitalexpenditures and divestitures were $849,199 and $45,445, respectively. Such expenditures were primarily used construction of production facility and purchasing fireprotection facility. Our operating cash flow mainly funded these capital expenditures.B.Business OverviewWe are a leading casual menswear company in China with a demonstrated track record of designing, marketing, and selling our own line of fashion menswear. Ourproducts include men’s apparel, footwear and accessories, primarily targeting urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 in the Tier II and Tier III cities in China.Tier II cities generally refer to major cities located in each province of China other than the capital city of such province. Tier III cities generally refer to countylevelcities in China. Tier III cities that we focus on are the national top 100 county cities identified by the State Statistics Bureau of China each year. These cities arecharacterized by higher GDP, higher disposable income, better education and better infrastructure as compared with other countylevel cities.26Table of ContentsOur apparel products include outerwear, knitwear, denim, tops, bottoms, accessories and footwear. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products,each year with a different theme to highlight the current trends in menswear for the season.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by the company and 40 franchised stores operated by 14 third party distributors or their subdistributors. The number of stores has grown from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017and 2016, sales through our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues respectively, and sales through distributors and whole sellersaccounted for 73%, 66.5% and 78% of our revenues, respectively. Total revenue from corporate stores sales for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $7.0million for 2017 and $5.53 million for 2016.From 2009 through 2018, total net sales decreased from $28.1 million to $18.53 million while the net profit decreased from $9.0 million to a net loss of $8 million.Our Competitive StrengthsWe believe that the following competitive strengths enable us to compete effectively in and capitalize on the growing casual menswear industry in China.●There is a sizable market for our products. We believe that we have a sizeable potential market. Our target customers are male middleclass consumers inthe 2040 age range. According to the national census in 2018, the population in China between 1659 yearsold was approximately 900 million. Our targetgroup falls into this category and is estimated to be more than 200 million people. As a result of the growing affluence in the PRC and increased purchasingpower of the PRC population, we believe that PRC consumers are becoming more willing and able to purchase casual menswear. In addition, we believe thatthe purchasing decision of PRC consumers is becoming more predicated upon brand image, product design and style, rather than just price considerations.With rising affluence and improvement in lifestyle, we also believe the overall Chinese population is generally growing more brand name conscious andstyle oriented and has shown a propensity for increased spending on casual menswear.●We have a strong focus on design and product development. We believe that our inhouse design and product development capabilities allow us to createunique products that appeal to our customers. We have established a strong inhouse design and product development team of 20 employees as of April26, 2019. Our team identifies new fashion trends by attending fashion shows and exhibitions as well as by drawing from creative ideas in magazines andother media. Each spring and fall, we carefully plan and create a new product line for our fall/winter and spring/summer collections of 727 SKU thatencompasses our full range of product offerings, including outerwear, tops, bottoms and accessories. We introduce new design elements into our productlines each season. With our highly skilled and creative team of designers, we have extensive experience in creating unique designs to meet the preferencesand needs of our target customer base.●Our trademarked brand has earned a following in China. Our brand was developed in 2006. Our marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design andmade for Chinese.” Our customers are middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range. We believe that their products’ concept, marketing, design andpackaging fully match with the prowestern attitude and life styles of their target customers. We believe the KBS brand is essential to our success topenetrate to the casual menswear market in China.●We have an extensive and wellmanaged nationwide distribution network. We have an extensive distribution network throughout China. As of December31, 2018, we had 1 KBS branded corporate stores and 32 franchised stores across 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. TheKBS branded corporate stores are required to sell only our products. We have been building up our selected distributor network since 2007. As ofDecember 31, 2018, we had 11 distributors operating 32 franchised stores. All of our distributors have been working with us from 1 to 10 years. We selectour distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry, sales channels, business resources, brand promotioncapabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. Our distributors help us respond to changing consumer tastes in a timelymanner by providing regular feedback on our products at our semiannual sales fairs and frequent communications. The financial resources of ourdistributors allow us to expand our retail network with less working capital investment from us than would be required for establishing direct stores, as ourdistributors are responsible for the store rentals and cost of inventory in their stores. We sold a substantial amount of our products through ourdistributors, which have allowed us to distribute our products to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge ofour distributors and their sub distributors. We believe that our distribution network has enabled us to expand our business and increase our salesefficiently and with less operational risk. This model has also minimized our operational risk because we typically start production after we receive ordersfrom our distributors. We believe that using a distribution network to sell a substantial amount of our KBS products has enabled us to devote ourresources to our core competitive strengths of design, brand management and product development.27Table of Contents●We have an experienced management team. Our management team has extensive R&D, marketing and financial experience, led by our Chief ExecutiveOfficer, Mr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has over 27 years of experience in the apparel industry and also has developed a differentiated product by internationalcooperation with a Korean designer. After working in the garment industry for more than 16 years, Mr. Yan acquired and developed the KBS brand. Withhis strong understanding of the apparel industry, Mr. Yan has successfully established this brand name in the market. We are committed to attract andretain top management level executives who we believe are and will continue to be the driving force behind our product development and growth.Our Growth StrategyWe intend to further strengthen our market position in the casual menswear market in China by implementing the following strategies:●We plan to expand our online business and purchase one or more online sales platforms or online stores. Together with the change in consumer trends,online sales is now the most important sales channel in Chinese market and is becoming increasingly important globally. Sales from our stores anddistributors have been steadily decreasing, and we are now in the process of identifying the best possible ways to establish and expand our onlinebusiness. We plan to research and purchase one or more online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that KBS will have better opportunities toexpand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores in year 2019, and the management of KBS will keep on exploring other areas and businessmodels, such as the use of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends. We consider that ourpolicy to expand our outreach using new technologies will add significant shareholder value.●We plan to expand our OEM sales by attracting more reputable and longterm clients. We just had the renewal of a framework sales contract with twomajor current customers: Hangzhou Zhi Yin Apparel Clothes Co., Ltd and Hangzhou Yiyuan Apparel Co., Ltd. These two sales contracts are expected togenerate approximately RMB 28 million in total, of which RMB 20 million relates to Hangzhou Ziyin of new 450,000 orders and RMB 8 million relates toHangzhou Yiyuan of new 160,000 orders for this year. We are also expanding our OEM business and to get more clients, especially to focus on onlineproviders, as they have expanded their market share over the past years quickly together with the change in Chinese consumer’s preferences and occupy alarge market share. By the time when we start executing the orders, we expect that we can have sustainable and increasing business.●We plan to invest in a Greece Based Private Smart Tech Apparel Company. We signed a letter of intent with Tribe, one of the most innovative smartclothing technology companies internationally. If the transaction is consummated, we conceive that this investment will enhance and expand significantlyour client network and products offering. The smart clothing market is expected to surpass the 2 trillion US dollars in size in 2019 and we believe we are wellpositioned to capture a part of this market in the wider region.28Table of Contents●We plan to continue to raise the profile of the KBS brand through enhanced advertising and promotional activities. We believe that the strongassociation of KBS brand with our concept of “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese” has helped drive our brand positioning and customers’receptivity to our products. We intend to further build our brand and deliver a consistent brand image from product design to sales and marketing. We seekto promote and enhance our presence in China’s casual menswear market by continuing to adopt proactive marketing strategies and produce high quality,well designed casual menswear for our target market. In particular, we aim to increase awareness of our brand through: (1) multichannel advertisingstrategies through national television, fashion magazines, billboards and other media channels; (2) further assisting our distributors’ regional advertisingefforts; (3) distinctive store and product launch campaigns, including special events for new product launches and largescale grand opening events fornew stores, particularly new corporate stores; (4) update of the decoration and layout of a number of existing stores which have been in operation for yearsto improve the shopping experience; (5) participation in fashion shows; and (6) sponsorships of selected highimpact events. We believe that theseadvertising and promotional activities will help to further strengthen brand awareness in our target market and enhance customer loyalty.●We plan to expand and build upon our design and product development capabilities. We intend to further strengthen our design and productdevelopment capabilities by accelerating the commercialization of design concepts, expanding our product offerings and continuing to develop what webelieve is unique casual menswear. We plan to further invest in design and product development and expand our design and product development team byattracting talented designers, either domestic or international, and training young graduates from leading fashion design institutes. We believe thatcombining western fashion design experience with our local designer’s understanding of the China market and aesthetic will enable us to create fashionableyet popular casual menswear for consumers in China. We also intend to cooperate with our suppliers to develop new materials and fabrics which we believewill give customers a unique fashion product and create new market opportunities. We believe that our focus on designing unique and quality casualmenswear will allow us to maintain our competitiveness and help to enhance our sales and overall profitability.●We plan to expand our production capacity to expand and diversify our product offerings. Our production facility is located in Taihu City, AnhuiProvince, China, consisting of total 110,557 square meters of land. Currently this facility has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per yearand can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famous sportswear producers, some successful onlinebrand stores and fulfill some overseas orders. The construction of our facility commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases: Phase 1 consists of theconstruction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We have completed theconstruction of facilities for Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Although we have the designed capacity of 5 million pieces yearly, the facilitycurrently may only produce 2 million pieces per year. Phase 3 construction has been delayed because the local government needs additional time toconclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 canbe continued. Phase 4 will include production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quarters and livingfacilities. Upon completion, the new facility is expected to have a production capacity of 20 million pieces and accommodate 5,000 workers. Please see“Production” below for a more complete explanation of our plans for the expansion of our production capacity. We anticipate that the new productionfacility will allow us to further refine our existing product lines by offering more styles within our existing apparel and accessories categories and tointroduce additional, complementary apparel and accessories categories into our product line. We currently introduce 500 to 900 different styles ofproducts each year and intend to increase the number of our product offerings in the future.●We plan to expand our international market and attract more orders from overseas. Starting from year 2016, we have been awarded international OEMorders for producing clothes with overseas brands. Such orders are usually large and continuous. Due to the completion of phase 2 construction of ourAnhui factory, we have enough production capacity to take on large orders. The current utilization rate of the Anhui factory is still quite low and we expectto invest more in attracting more large orders from overseas.The KBS BrandWe are engaged in a highly competitive industry in which brand image and recognition is critical to attracting customers to purchase our products. We haveadopted KBS as a uniform brand name and image for all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. The KBS brand was created byMs. Qinghua Ye in 2006 and registered with the trademark administration authority in 2008. Subsequently, Ms. Ye assigned the KBS trademark to Hongri PRC in2008. In 2009, Hongri PRC transferred this trademark to France Cock, which then licensed such trademark back to Hongri PRC. Based on our sharp rise in revenuesince 2006, we believe that the KBS brand has gained a following in the casual menswear market in the cities where our products are sold.29Table of ContentsTo promote our brand, we have developed and implemented brand management policies in all of our corporate stores and franchised stores. Our brand managementpolicies set out detailed requirements for store decorations and display of products. This enables us to project a consistent brand image. In addition, each season,our design and product development team develops display concepts, including the presentation of our collections in the stores and the color schemes for thebackdrops. We also work closely with our distributors to supervise the daily operations of franchised stores through unscheduled visits to ensure that our brandmanagement policies are properly followed.We may suspend the supply of our products or terminate distribution agreements in the event that any of our distributors or their subdistributors consistently failsto comply with our brand management policies.Our ProductsOur apparel products include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, socks and caps. In 2018, thesuggested retail prices of our products ranged from RMB 15 to RMB1,599 (approximately $2 to $237) for our apparel products and RMB178 to RMB1599(approximately $26 to $236) for our accessory products. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products, each year with a different theme tohighlight the current trends in menswear for the season.Our DesignWe believe one of our key strengths is our internal design and product development team, which designs products that reinforce our brand image. Major parts ofour products are designed by our internal design and product development team with the collaboration of Korean designers. As of December 31, 2018, our designand product development team consisted of 20 members, including one senior designer with over five years of working experience. Final design concepts areapproved by Mr. Keyan Yan, who has more than 27 years of experience in the industry. All of the other designers are graduates of professional design schools inChina. We believe that our design and product development team is innovative and passionate and that the individual experience of each of our designers helpsbring new and exciting products to our customers. Our design and product development team conceptualizes each season’s collections through an interactiveprocess, taking into account our brand strategy, product image and market feedback, drawing inspirations from domestic and international fashion trends andcollaborating with both our suppliers and distributors to finetune our designs. In particular, we collaborate with our suppliers to develop a variety of materials andfabrics for our products. We also involve distributors in our product selection process to take advantage of their market intelligence, which helps us to adapt toconstantly changing customer preferences in local markets. Our designers also attend various domestic and international fashion shows to keep abreast of the latestfashion trends.Starting from year 2015, design of our products comes from three channels. In addition to designing products by our inhouse staff, we outsource to certainreputable designers. From time to time, our ODMs also will directly sell their designed products to us.In a typical year, we design and make around 1,500 prototypes. After the initial product selection, internal cost analysis of approved prototypes and final selectionby distributors at the sales fairs, we eventually select approximately 750 designs for mass production. Final design of all of our products will be approved by ourChairman, Mr. Yan.Our Distribution NetworkWe have established a nationwide distribution network consisting of corporate stores and franchised stores covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrallyadministered municipalities.Corporate StoresAs of December 31, 2018, we owned and operated 1 corporate store with the floor area of approximately 120 square meters. As part of our corporate strategy, weclosed 17 corporate stores in last two years because of the low profitability of certain corporate stores. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, salesthrough our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues, respectively.30Table of ContentsWe directly own and operate our corporate store. This direct control enables us to have closer relationship with our ultimate customers and better understanding ofmarket trends and consumer preferences. Required capital for opening of each store depends on the location and area of the designated store. On average, therenovation cost per store is around $67,000 and the first year of rent payment is around $140,000 including premium paid to the previous owner. Rental period variesfrom two to five years. The total capital required to open a new store is generally around $207,000 per store. Once negotiation of rent is concluded, it takes one totwo months to open up a store. We usually open up stores right before a peak season, such as labor holiday in May, National holiday in October and Chinese NewYear in January/February. On average, new stores break even after one to three months of operation.We currently have one standard designs for our corporate stores located in Fujian Province. They were considered as flagship stores for our distributors’ reference.Because in year 2016 and 2015 we closed some corporate stores, the inventories of these stores were cleared through promotion exhibitions we held in the thirdtiercities at lower prices.For corporate stores opened in second tier cities, we normally have a higher aesthetic standard compared with corporate stores in third and fourth tier cities. Wegenerally locate our corporate stores at street level to access high pedestrian flow. Normally, we will sell inseason stock in our secondtier city corporate stores. Oursecondtier city corporate stores are also designed to showcase our marketability to potential distributors so as to induce them to join our distributorship. For storesopened in the third and fourth tier cities, we normally sell some of our slowmoving or offseason stock at a discount due to our awareness of the generally lesseramount of disposable income available to residents of these cities. During certain times of the year, such as the New Year, Chinese New Year and Labor Day, we willorganize promotional discounts together with our franchised stores to attract more customers and increase our stock turnover.Franchised StoresWe sell a substantial amount of our products to our franchised distributors who in turn sell them to retail customers through KBS branded retail stores operated byour distributors or their subdistributors. Since 2013, we have also been selling products to 3 provincial distributors without their own stores, or the nostoredistributors, on a trial basis. We do not have any ownership in, or controlling relationship with, these franchised stores, but we have entered into distributionagreements with them in the Company’s standard form, pursuant to which we require distributors and their subdistributors to sell only KBS products in thesestores. Distributors are responsible for selecting and ordering products from us and overseeing the sales in the stores operated by them and their subdistributors.By selling directly to our distributors, we can recognize revenues upon delivery to our distributors and delegate the distribution responsibilities to our distributors.This allows us to distribute our merchandise to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge of our distributors and theirsubdistributors. This also minimizes our inventory and sales risks while allowing us to allocate our resources to our core competitive strengths of design, brandmanagement and product development. We believe that our cooperation with distributors has enabled us to expand our business and accelerate our sales growth atmuch lower costs and operational risk and achieve brand recognition throughout China.We have been building up our selected franchised distributor network since 2007. As of December 31, 2018, we had 11 franchised distributors who operated 32 retailstores directly or through their subdistributors, all of which were standalone stores, which were typically located in commercial centers, including departmentstores or shopping malls, in their cities. All these distributors have worked with us for about 1 to 8 years. We have not encountered any material dispute or financialdifficulty with our key distributors. The average floor area of each retail store was approximately 78 square meters as of December 2018. The number of retail storeshas grown significantly in recent years from 7 as of December 31, 2006, with the aggregate floor area increasing from 560 square meters as of December 31, 2006 to2,635 square meters as of December 31, 2018. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, sales through our distributors accounted for 73%, 63.3% and78% of our revenues, respectively. 31Table of ContentsDuring each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we had no customer exceeding 10% of our net sales.Sales generated by our five bestperforming franchised distributors accounted for approximately 29.3%, 23.8% and 28.3% of our revenues in the years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Those top distributors have been with us since 2007 or 2008 and have grown organically with us. At the same time,we are exploring more distributors in other regions including relatively small distributors to grow with their businesses. Although we rely on distributors for thesales and marketing of our products, we believe our business is not substantially dependent on any individual distributor.We are highly selective in appointing distributors. We select our distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry,sales channels, business resources, brand promotion capabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. We maintain good relationshipswith many regional or local distributor candidates which we identify through our internal research and external referrals but only appoint a handful of them tobecome our distributors. We evaluate the relevant experience of the distributor candidates in operating retail stores, their financial condition and sources of fundingrequired for the establishment of a regional distribution network and their ability to develop a network of retail stores in the designated distribution region of a givendistributor before we make any appointment.Once appointed, each distributor must enter into a distribution agreement with us. We do not own any interest in any of our distributors, their subdistributors orthe retail stores they operate. The distribution agreements we typically enter into with distributors do not allow us to be involved in the daily operating, financing orother activities of the distributors, except that distributors need to comply with our brand management policies and pricing and store management guidelines. Keyterms of our standard distribution agreement include:●Product Exclusivity. Our distributors are required to sell only our products at KBS branded retail outlets managed by them or authorized retailers.●Geographic Coverage. Distributors are granted exclusive rights to distribute our products (directly and indirectly through their subdistributors) in theretail stores within the specified geographic area with no overlapping of distributors within our distribution network. However, we retain the right to operatedirect stores anywhere regardless of whether we have appointed distributors there.●Duration. The distribution agreements generally have an initial term of one year and are renewable at our discretion after taking into account factors suchas compliance with our brand management policies and sales performance.●Distributor Pricing. Distributors agree to order our products at a discount from our suggested retail prices. The discounted wholesale prices todistributors are classified into the following three categories: provincial distributor at a discount of 35% of retail price, district distributor is 30% of retailprice and the wholesale distributor is 25% of retail price.●Minimum Purchase Requirement. Each of our distributors is customarily expected to purchase a minimum amount of our products for each trade fair heldbiannually according to their present and expected distribution network. The minimum is typically RMB800,000 (approximately $110,000) for each store.●Payment and Delivery. Normally, we expect distributors to pay us RMB0.5 million (approximately $74,000) to RMB1 million (approximately $148,148) as adeposit upon placing an order. Upon delivery of the orders, we will deduct amounts on deposit from the purchase price. For new and small districtdistributors, we normally require them to pay the balance before the delivery of its products. We may also accept payment on credit terms to the extentrequested by distributors experiencing working capital difficulties or encouraging them to order more. The amount and duration of credit granted to eachdistributor will depend on its financial position and creditworthiness. We handle the arrangements for delivery of our products, but the distributors arenormally expected to bear the related costs and expenses.32Table of Contents●Return of Products. We will only accept product returns from distributors for quality reasons and only if the distributors followed our standard proceduresin processing the returned products. So far, we have not experienced any product returns due to expressed quality reasons.●Retail Pricing. Other than at times when we launch promotional campaigns or adjust our strategies, distributors must adopt, and are required to procuretheir subdistributors to adopt, our suggested retail prices for products. Distributors must obtain our consent before launching any distributor specificspecial offers.●Brand Management. Distributors must comply with our brand management policies and store management guidelines. We may impose penalties, forfeitureof deposit, suspend supply of products and terminate the agreement in the event of any breach of such policies.●Termination. We may generally terminate the distribution agreements and seek indemnification in the event of breach by distributors. In the event of sometypes of breach, we may not terminate the agreement but have other remedies. For example, if a distributor fails to order all products provided for under thedistributorship agreement, we may instead impose forfeiture of deposit or withhold certain benefits.When opening new retail stores, our distributors conduct research on the market potential of the proposed retail sites, after which they will provide us with anapplication for opening a new retail store. In reviewing applications, we consider factors including the store location, store layout, available area, marketopportunities, competitors and estimated sales. We conduct selected onsite investigations to verify applications filed by our distributors. Our retail stores aregenerally located in convenient retail locations in their respective cities and thus benefit from high volumes of pedestrian traffic.Effective monitoring of distributors and their retail stores is critical to our success. We have a team in our marketing, sales and distribution department to monitorour distributors’ and their subdistributors’ performance, who conduct onsite inspections of selected retail stores each quarter without prior notice to ensurecompliance with our store management guidelines. According to the results of our inspections, we, from time to time, make suggestions to our distributors withrespect to the opening or closure of their retail stores. Distributors also need to submit to us their annual/ semiannual plans to estimate their orders for the nextseason and their plan to improve the performance of existing retail stores or expand by opening new retail stores. This reporting system enables us to access uptodate sales projections of our distributors and their subdistributors, which reflects the overall level of retail sales of our products. It also provides us with theexpansion plan of each distributor which helps us prepare our overall development plan in a more accurate manner.We invite our distributors, as well as a select number of their subdistributors and retail store managers, to attend our sales fairs, which are held twice a year. Duringthe sales fairs, we discuss with our distributors and their subdistributors the upcoming product line. Apart from participating in two sales fairs each year, ourdistributors visit us from time to time and contact us as necessary, which allows us to have access to updated market information. We also provide training fordistributors and their subdistributors in the areas of sales techniques, customer service and product knowledge, typically prior to the launch of our new collectionseach year. We believe that these investments help to improve the operations of the sales network and provide additional valueadded services to retain ourdistributors and their subdistributors.The following table lists by region the number of retail stores operated by distributors and subdistributors as of December 31, 2018:LocationAs ofDecember 31,2018Fujian6Guangdong2Guangxi3Jiangsu4Anhui2Chongqing4Tianjin3Hebei4Sichuan4Total3233Table of ContentsPricing PolicyWe sell our products to our distributors at uniform discounts from our suggested retail prices. We have a suggested retail price policy that applies to all our storesto help maintain brand image, ensure consistent pricing levels from region to region and prevent price competition among our distributors. In determining our pricingstrategies, we take into account market supply and demand, production cost and the prices of our competitors’ similar products. Our sales representatives collectand record the retail prices of our products sold by our retailers. We analyze the information collected and engage in discussions with our distributors to ensure thatthey follow our pricing policy. See “Franchised Stores” above.ProductionOriginally located in Shishi City in Fujian Province and started production in 2006, our production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China.The facility currently has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famoussportswear producers. Our production facility was operating at full capacity between 2009 and 2012. In 2014, we produced about 0.39 million units at the operatingcapacity of 19.5%; while in 2015,we produced about 0.48 million units at the operating capacity of 24%. In 2016, we produced about 0.54 million units at the operatingcapacity of 27%.In 2017 and 2018, we produced about 0.30 million and 0.49 million units at the operating capacity of 15% and 25%. Since 2011, we have been negotiating with the local government to acquire land use rights for our current facility consisting of 110,557 square meters. We obtaineda portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square meters and 2,440 square meters in March 2012 and May 2012, respectively, and have finishedthe construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factoryin year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with localresidents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. While we cannot guaranteewhen and whether the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land will be eventually completed, we believe we will be in a better position toschedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Once completed, our total production capacity of the facility isexpected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.All of the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers bear the brand name KBS. As of December 31, 2018, we had 3 ODM contractmanufacturers and 3 OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had 3 and 6 OEM contract manufacturers, respectively. Oursourcing strategy is based upon the quality of fabrics and workmanship that our customers expect from the KBS brand. The costs of our outsourced productionamounted to approximately $8.38 million, $10.94 million and$26.1 million for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, accounting forapproximately 27.3%, 31% and 66.8% of our total cost of sales in the respective periods.As of December 31, 2018, our principal ODM and OEM contract suppliers included the following:No.1Bai Tian Ni (Fujian) Clothing fabric Co. Ltd2Shishi Hua Lai Shi Clothing Co. Ltd3Jinjiang City Hongtawanheng trading Co. Ltd4Fujian Gumaite Clothing Technology Co. Ltd5Shishi Rongpeng Clothing Co. Ltd6Hubei Mingyuan Clothing Co. LtdWe are not materially reliant on any single ODM or OEM contract supplier.34Table of ContentsInventory ManagementWe recognize that controlling the level of inventory is important to our overall operational efficiency and cost control. Based on the purchase orders our distributorsand the department store chains place at our biannual sales fairs, we are able to anticipate the demand for our products in advance and plan ahead for our ownmanufacturing and the orders we will be required to place with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We generally plan purchases of raw materials and placemanufacturing orders with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers immediately after each of our two seasonal sales fairs, usually in May for our autumn andwinter products and in October for our spring and summer products, where we confirm sales orders with our distributors and department store chains. This enablesus and our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to have sufficient time, ranging from two to eight weeks, to produce the products and provide our productssuitable for a specific season to our distributors and department store chains on a justintime basis so as to minimize our inventory levels. The alternative way tocontrol cost is when if we have chance to buy materials which the price is much lower than market price, we will buy it in advance and give to OEM contractmanufactures use our material to produce.Quality ControlProduct quality control is a critical aspect of our business. Our dedicated quality control team performs various quality inspection and testing procedures, includingrandom sample testing at different stages of our production process, to ensure that our products meet or exceed the expectations of our consumers. We also performroutine product inspections on every batch of our products and sample testing to ensure consistent quality of our products, including semifinished and finishedproducts.We have implemented a centralized system for procurement and inspection of raw materials and ancillary components to help ensure a stable and high qualitysupply. Those materials and components that fail to meet our tests may be returned to the suppliers for replacement. Our quality control team also carries out qualitycontrol procedures on the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We conduct onsite inspections of our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers before we enter into business relationships with them. We also send our inhouse quality control staff onsite to our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers to monitor the entire production process. The initial product inspections are performed onsite by our staff before these products are shipped to ourheadquarters for further inspection and storage in our warehouse. We also provide technical training to ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to assist them withquality control of the production processes and inspect preproduction samples and finished products from ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We have notencountered any material disruptions to our business as a result of the failure of any of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to meet our quality standards.In order to further improve the quality of our products and shorten our delivery cycle, we intend to increase our control over the manufacturing process andproduction cycle of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers, primarily by requiring our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to implement stricter and morecomprehensive quality control procedures, which cover each stage of the production process, from raw material selection and procurement to finished productspackaging and delivery. We also intend to apply more stringent standards for inspecting products manufactured for us by our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers.Marketing and AdvertisingWe have conducted multichannel marketing campaigns to advertise our products to our target customers through advertising in newspapers, magazines, theInternet, and billboards, and organizing regular and frequent instore marketing activities and road shows.We have implemented strict requirements on our distributors with respect to the display and promotion of our products to ensure consistent branding and enhancemarketing results. Our distributors are required to ensure that our marketing strategies are implemented at the retail outlets managed or authorized by them, includingdisplaying our products according to our specifications and using our billboard advertisements. We also assign sales representatives to monitor the instoredisplays of our products at various retail outlets on a regular basis to help ensure that our retailers have followed our product display policies.In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 our total advertising and promotional expenses amounted to approximately $1.21 million, $1.59 million and $1.55million, respectively, which accounted for approximately 6.6%, 7.5% and 3.8% of our revenues in the respective periods.35Table of ContentsCompetitionThe menswear industry in China is a fragmented industry. Competition mainly comes from local market players such as Exceed, Xiniya, Zuoan and Cabbeen. Webelieves that we differentiate ourselves by providing more fashionable, youngerlooking and leisure products, and competitive pricing without giving up the casualfeel of our products.We compete primarily on the basis of product design, brand recognition, operational efficiency and a low cost structure. Some of our domestic competitors have astronger customer base, greater resources and more industry expertise than us. However, we believe that we can continue to successfully compete with our localcompetitors due to our unique product designs.Intellectual PropertyWe currently have the licenses to use two registered trademarks in the PRC.The registered trademarks on which we have licenses are the following:TrademarkRegistration No.Valid TermKBS4342760Jan 1, 2019 August 28, 2028Ka bi sports5462336March 14, 2010 March 12,2020We believe that these trademarks provide significant value as they are important for marketing and building brand recognition. We are not aware of any third partycurrently using trademarks similar to our trademarks in the PRC on the same products.InsuranceWe do not have any business liability, interruption or litigation insurance coverage for our operations in China. Insurance companies in China offer limited businessinsurance products. While business interruption insurance is available to a limited extent in China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of suchinsurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance.Therefore, we are subject to business and product liability exposure. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—We have limited insurance coverage inChina and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses.”RegulationBecause our primary operating subsidiaries are located in China, we are subject to China’s national and local laws detailed below. We believe that we are in materialcompliance with all registrations and requirements for the issuance and maintenance of all licenses required by the governing bodies and that all license fees andfilings are current. This section summarizes the major PRC regulations relating to our business.Regulations Relating to Foreign InvestmentInvestment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are mainly governed by the Guidance Catalog of Industries for Foreign Investment (2017 revision), or theCatalog, which was promulgated jointly by MOFCOM and the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, on June 28, 2017 and entered into forceon July 28, 2017. The Catalog divides industries into four categories in terms of foreign investment, which are “encouraged,” “restricted,” and “prohibited,” and allindustries that are not listed under one of these categories are deemed to be “permitted.” Establishment of wholly foreignowned enterprises is generally allowed inencouraged and permitted industries. Some restricted industries are limited to equity or contractual joint ventures, while in some cases Chinese partners are requiredto hold the majority interests in such joint ventures. In addition, foreign investment in restricted category projects is subject to government approvals. Foreigninvestors are not allowed to invest in industries in the prohibited category. Industries not listed in the Catalogue are generally open to foreign investment unlessspecifically restricted by other PRC regulations.36Table of ContentsIn June 2018, MOFCOM and NDRC promulgated the Special Management Measures (Negative List) for the Access of Foreign Investment, or the Negative List,effective July 2018. The Negative List expands the scope of permitted industries by foreign investment by reducing the number of industries that fall within theNegative List where restrictions on the shareholding percentage or requirements on the composition of board or senior management still exists. Foreign investmentin valueadded telecommunications services (except for ecommerce) falls within the Negative List.In October 2016, MOFCOM issued the Interim Measures for Recordfiling Administration of the Establishment and Change of Foreigninvested Enterprises, or FIERecordfiling Interim Measures, most recently amended in July 2017. Pursuant to FIE Recordfiling Interim Measures, the establishment and change of foreigninvested enterprises are subject to recordfiling procedures, instead of prior approval requirements, provided that such establishment or change does not involvespecial entry administration measures. If the establishment or change of foreigninvested enterprises matters involve the special entry administration measures, theapproval of the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterparts is still required.Regulations Relating to Product QualityThe principal legal provisions governing product liability are set forth in the PRC Product Quality Law, which was promulgated in February 1993 by the SCNPC andamended in July 2000 and August 2009.The PRC Product Quality Law stipulates the responsibilities and obligations of product sellers and producers. Violations of the PRC Product Quality Law may resultin the imposition of fines. In addition, the seller or producer may be ordered to suspend its operations, and its business license may be revoked. There may also bePART IPART IIPART III20F 1 f20f2018_kbsfashiongroup.htm FORM 20FUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F(Mark One)☐REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ___________ to ___________OR¨SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report:Commission file number: 00135715KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)Not Applicable(Translation of Registrant’s Name Into English)Republic of the Marshall Islands(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)Xin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of China(Address of Principal Executive Offices)Mr. Keyan Yan, Chief Executive OfficerXin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of ChinaTel: + (86) 595 8889 6198Fax: (86) 595 8850 5328(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of Each ClassName of Each Exchange On Which RegisteredCommon Stock, $0.0001 par valueNASDAQ Capital MarketSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.Units, Common Stock Purchase Warrants(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.None(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report(December 31, 2018): 2,271,299Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐No ☒If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of“large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large Accelerated Filer ☐Accelerated Filer ☐NonAccelerated Filer ☒Emerging Growth Company☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting StandardsCodification after April 5, 2012.Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:U.S. GAAP ☐International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting StandardsBoard ☒Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ☐ Item17 ☐Item 18If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒Annual Report on Form 20FYear Ended December 31, 2018TABLE OF CONTENTSPageITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS2A.Directors and Senior Management2B.Advisors2C.Auditors2ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE2A.Offer Statistics2B.Method and Expected Timetable2ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATION2A.Selected Financial Data2B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY24A.History and Development of the Company24B.Business Overview26C.Organizational Structure42D.Property, Plants and Equipment43ITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS44ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS44A.Principal Factors Affecting Financial Performance45B.Liquidity and Capital Resources50C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.51D.Trend Information51E.Off Balance Sheet Arrangements51F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations52G.Safe Harbor62ITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES63A.Directors and Senior Management63B.Compensation64C.Board Practices65D.Employees66E.Share Ownership66ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS67A.Major Shareholders67B.Related Party Transactions67C.Interests of Experts and Counsel67iTable of ContentsITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATION67A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information67B.Significant Changes68ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTING68A.Offer and Listing Details68B.Plan of Distribution68C.Markets68D.Selling Shareholders68E.Dilution68F.Expenses of the Issue68ITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATION69A.Share Capital69B.Memorandum and Articles of Association69C.Material Contracts71D.Exchange Controls71E.Taxation74F.Dividends and Paying Agents79G.Statement by Experts79H.Documents on Display79I.Subsidiary Information79ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK79ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES80A.Debt Securities80B.Warrants and Rights80C.Other Securities80D.American Depositary Shares80ITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES81ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS81ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES81A.Disclosure Controls and Procedures81B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting81C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm81D.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting82ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT82ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICS82ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES82ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES82ITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS83ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT83ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCE83ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE83ITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 19.EXHIBITS84iiTable of ContentsINTRODUCTORY NOTESUse of Certain Defined TermsExcept as otherwise indicated by the context and for the purposes of this report only, references in this report to:●“KBS,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” are to KBS Fashion Group Ltd., a company organized in the Republic of the Marshall Islands;●““KBS International,” refers to KBS International Holding Inc., a Nevada corporation, which was dissolved in August 2014;●“Hongri PRC,” refers to Hongri (Fujian) Sports Goods Co., Ltd., which is our wholly owned subsidiary organized in the PRC;●“Hongri International” are to Hongri International Holdings Limited, which is our wholly owned subsidiary and a company organized in the BVI;●“BVI” are to the British Virgin Islands;●“Hong Kong” are to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China;●“PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China;●“SEC” are to the Securities and Exchange Commission;●“Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;●“Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;●“Renminbi” and “RMB” are to the legal currency of China; and●“U.S. dollars,” “dollars” and “$” are to the legal currency of the United States.ForwardLooking InformationIn addition to historical information, this report contains forwardlooking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of theExchange Act. We use words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “target,” “plan,” “optimistic,” “intend,” “aim,” “will” or similar expressions whichare intended to identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, among others, those concerning market and industry segment growth and demandand acceptance of new and existing products; any projections of sales, earnings, revenue, margins or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategiesand objectives of management for future operations; and any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, as well as all assumptions,expectations, predictions, intentions or beliefs about future events. You are cautioned that any such forwardlooking statements are not guarantees of futureperformance and involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions, which, if they were to ever materialize or prove incorrect, could cause the results of theCompany to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forwardlooking statements. Potential risks and uncertainties include, among other things, thepossibility that we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues and profits due to our failure to anticipate consumer preferences and develop newmenswear products, our failure to execute our business expansion plan, changes in domestic and foreign laws, regulations and taxes, changes in economicconditions, uncertainties related to China’s legal system and economic, political and social events in China, a general economic downturn, a downturn in thesecurities markets, and other risks and uncertainties which are generally set forth under Item 3 “Key information—D. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and our other filings with the SEC. These reports attempt toadvise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects. The forwardlookingstatements made in this report speak only as of the date hereof and we disclaim any obligation, except as required by law, to provide updates, revisions oramendments to any forwardlooking statements to reflect changes in our expectations or future events.On February 3, 2017, approved by the shareholders, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen (1for15) reverse stock split of the Company’s issued andoutstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided that shareholders are entitled to receive the number ofshares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Stock Market on a splitadjusted basis when themarket opened on February 9, 2017. All references in this report to share and per share data have been adjusted, including historical data which have beenretroactively adjusted, to give effect to the reverse stock split unless specified otherwise.1Table of ContentsPART IITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERSA.Directors and Senior ManagementNot applicable.B.AdvisorsNot applicable.C.AuditorsNot applicable.ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLEA.Offer StatisticsNot applicable.B.Method and Expected TimetableNot applicable.ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATIONA.Selected Financial DataThe following table presents selected financial data regarding our business. It should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and relatednotes contained elsewhere in this annual report and the information under Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” The selected consolidatedstatements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, and the selected consolidated statements of financialposition data as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are included in this annual reportbeginning on page F1. The selected consolidated statements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the selectedconsolidated statements of financial position data as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements thatare not included in this annual report.Our consolidated financial statements were prepared and presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by theInternational Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The selected financial data information is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the historicalconsolidated financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere herein. The financial statements contained elsewhere fully represent our financial conditionand operations; however, they are not indicative of our future performance.2Table of ContentsYears ended December 31,20182017201620152014Statement of Income DataTotal revenue$18,535,116$23,762,536$41,200,205$61,343,681$58,832,481Total cost of sales(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)(46,511,274)(39,416,973)Gross profit(2,316,136)(11,511,816)2,158,27214,832,40719,415,508Distribution and selling expenses(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)(6,621,256)(7,191,606)Administrative expenses(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)2,798,082(4,649,229)Profit for the year(17,968,597)(14,815,596)(11,902,688)1,243,6706,876,982Total comprehensive income for the year(20,040,295)(10,004,880)(18,028,121)(4,801,102)6,526,172Outstanding shares2,299,9151,860,8311,750,1421,694,4891,694,489Earnings per share, basic diluted8.067.966.800.734.06Balance Sheet DataCash and cash equivalents$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,341$21,214,080$20,604,583Noncurrent assets29,837,87540,966,31934,754,94247,221,52952,929,386Current assets31,328,13140,343,38656,343,82362,098,95162,093,570Working capital24,463,44633,060,87748,647,18553,598,85452,704,076Total assets61,166,00681,309,70591,098,765109,310,480115,022,956Current liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,500,0979,389,493Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,503,5069,404,880Equity54,301,32174,027,19683,402,127100,816,974105,618,076B.Capitalization and IndebtednessNot applicable.C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of ProceedsNot applicable.D.Risk FactorsAn investment in our capital stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the otherinformation included in this annual report, before making an investment decision. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial conditionor results of operations could suffer. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.3Table of ContentsRISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSGeneral economic conditions, including a prolonged weakness in the economy, may affect consumer discretionary spending, which could adversely affect ourbusiness and financial performance.The apparel industry has historically been subject to substantial cyclical variations. Our business and financial performance are dependent on a number of factorsimpacting consumer discretionary spending, including general economic and business conditions; consumer confidence; wages and employment levels; thehousing market; consumer debt levels; availability of consumer credit; credit and interest rates; fuel and energy costs; energy shortages; taxes; general politicalconditions, both domestic and abroad. Consumer product purchases, including purchases of our products, may decline during recessionary periods. Our ability toaccess the capital markets may be restricted at a time when we would like, or need, to raise capital, which could impair on our ability to open additional stores orbuild additional manufacturing lines. In addition, as domestic and international economic conditions change, trends in consumer spending on discretionary items,including our merchandise, become unpredictable and subject to reductions due to economic uncertainties. A prolonged economic recovery or an uncertain outlookin the economy could result in additional declines in consumer discretionary spending, which could materially affect our financial performance.A contraction in apparel sales and production could impair our results of operations and liquidity and jeopardize our supply base.Apparel sales and production are cyclical and depend, among other things, on general economic conditions and consumer spending and preferences. As thevolume of apparel production fluctuates, the demand for our products also fluctuates. A contraction in apparel sales could harm our results of operations andliquidity. In addition, our suppliers would also be subject to many of the same consequences which could pressure their results of operations and liquidity.Depending on an individual supplier’s financial condition and access to capital, its viability could be challenged which could impact its ability to perform as weexpect and consequently our ability to meet our own commitments.If we are unable to anticipate consumer preferences and develop new menswear products, we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues andprofits.Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define apparel trends as well as to anticipate, gauge and react to changing consumer demands formenswear in a timely manner. Our target market of consumers comprises urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 with moderatetohigh levels of disposableincome. Our business is particularly sensitive to their fashion preferences, which cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumeracceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, and our future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes. If we failto anticipate accurately and respond to trends and shifts in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing product offerings, developing new products,designs, styles and categories, we could experience lower sales, excess inventories and lower profit margins. In a distressed economic and retail environment, manyof our competitors may engage in aggressive activities, such as markdowns or other promotional sales to dispose of excess, slowmoving inventory, furtherincreasing the need to react appropriately to changing consumer preferences and fashion trends. Failure to do so could adversely affect the level of acceptance ofour products, our brand image and our relationship with our distributors, and therefore have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results ofoperations.The apparel industry is highly competitive, and if we fail to compete effectively, we could lose our market position.The menswear industry is highly competitive in China and worldwide. We compete with various domestic brands with similar business models and target markets.We also compete with a growing number of international brands trying to expand their market share in China to take advantage of rising consumer spending oncasual menswear. Our primary international and domestic competitors include Exceed, Xiniya, Cabbeen, GXG and NQ. Some of our competitors are significantlylarger and have greater financial resources than we do. In order to compete effectively, we must: (1) maintain the image of our brands and our reputation forinnovation and high quality; (2) be flexible and innovative in responding to rapidly changing market demands on the basis of brand image, style, performance andquality; and (3) offer consumers a wide variety of high quality products at competitive prices.4Table of ContentsThe purchasing decisions of consumers are highly subjective and can be influenced by many factors, such as brand image, marketing programs and productfeatures. Some of our competitors enjoy competitive advantages, including greater brand recognition and greater financial resources for competitive activities, suchas sales, marketing and strategic acquisitions. The number of our direct competitors and the intensity of competition may increase as we expand into other productlines or as other companies expand into our product lines. Our competitors may enter into business combinations or alliances that strengthen their competitivepositions or prevent us from taking advantage of such combinations or alliances. Our competitors also may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than wecan to new or changing opportunities, standards or consumer preferences. Our results of operations and market position may be adversely impacted by ourcompetitors and the competitive pressures in the menswear industries.Failure to effectively promote or develop our brand could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.We sell all our products under the KBS brand, from which we derive most of our revenues. Brand image is an important factor that affects a customer’s purchasingdecision for menswear products. Our success therefore depends on, among other things, market recognition and acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture,lifestyle, and images associated with the brand, some of which may not be within our control. We have limited control over our distributors that we rely upon to sellour products, which may limit our ability to ensure a consistent brand image. See “Risks Factors Related to Our Business –We have limited control over the ultimateretail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhere to, or fail to cause the third party retail outletoperators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.” We began designing, promoting, and selling KBS branded products in China in 2006. To effectivelypromote KBS brand, we need build and maintain the brand image by focusing on a variety of promotional and marketing activities to promote brand awareness, aswell as to increase its presence in the markets in which we compete. There is no assurance that we will be able to effectively promote or develop KBS brand, and ifwe fail to do so, the goodwill of KBS brand may be undermined and our business as well as our financial results may be adversely affected. In addition, negativepublicity or disputes regarding KBS brand, products, company, or management could materially and adversely affect public perception of KBS brand. Any impact onour ability to continue to sell KBS brand or any significant damage to KBS brand’s image could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends on the continued service of our senior executives and other key employees. In particular, we rely on the expertise, experience,and business contacts, of Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ms. Lixia Tu, our Director and Chief Financial Officer and Mr. ThemisKalapotharakos, our director. If one or more of our senior executives are unable or unwilling to continue to work for us in their present positions, we may have tospend a considerable amount of time and resources searching, recruiting, and integrating the replacements into our operations, which would substantially divertmanagement’s attention from and severely disrupt the Company business. This may also adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategy. Moreover, ifany of our senior executives joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, suppliers and key employees.Failure to execute our business expansion plan could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.A large part of our initial growth resulted from an increase in the number of our retail sales outlets, including corporate and franchised stores, and the increased salesvolume and profitability provided by these sales outlets. The number of our sales outlets increased from 8 in 2006 to 33 in year 2018.5Table of ContentsWe have our factory located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China, consisting of an aggregate of 110,457 square meters of land. Currently the facility there has aproduction capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year and can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces original equipmentmanufacturer (OEM) products for online stores, regional apparel brands and overseas orders. The construction commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases:Phase 1 consists of the construction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We havecompleted the construction of facilities of Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Phase 3 construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has beendelayed because the local government needs additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Because the time forthe government to resolve this matter is uncertain, we wrote off the land use right of the third parcel of land from account balance, according to the internationalframework reporting standard. Phase 4 includes building production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quartersand living facilities on the third parcel of land. As a result, our commitments to this facility may reduce our liquidity for an indefinite period and until it is completed.We could also indefinitely lose opportunities to expand our sales due to any further delay of our construction.The decision to increase our production capacity was based in part on our projections of market demand for our products and OEM orders from other brand nameowners. If actual customer demand does not meet our projections, we will likely suffer overcapacity problems and may have to leave capacity idle or need to contractout our facilities at an unfavorable price, which may reduce our overall profitability and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our futuresuccess depends on our ability to expand the Company’s business to address growth in demand for our current and future products.Our ability to expand the Company’s business is subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including:●the unavailability of additional funding to invest more in brand recognition such as advertisement, expand our production capacity, purchase additionalfixed assets and purchase raw materials on favorable terms or at all;●our inability to manage an online shop, hire qualified personnel and establish distribution methods;●conditions in the commercial real estate market existing at the time we seek to expand;●delays and cost overruns as a result of a number of factors, many of which may be beyond our control, such as problems with equipment vendors andcontract manufacturers;●failure to maintain high quality control standards;●shortage of raw materials;●our inability to obtain, or delays in obtaining, required approvals by relevant government authorities;●diversion of significant management attention and other resources; and●failure to execute our expansion plan effectively.The expansion of our business may place significant strain on our personnel, management, financial systems and operational infrastructure and may impede ourability to meet any increased demand for our products. To accommodate the Company’s growth, we will need to implement a variety of new and upgradedoperational and financial systems, procedures, and controls, including improvements to our accounting and other internal management systems, by dedicatingadditional resources to our reporting and accounting function and improvements to our record keeping and contract tracking system. We will also need to recruitmore personnel and train and manage our growing employee base. Furthermore, we will need to maintain and expand relationships with our current and futurecustomers, suppliers, distributors and other third parties, and there is no guarantee that we will succeed.In the future, we also intend to invest more resources to research and purchase online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that we will have betteropportunities to expand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores. In addition, we will keep on exploring other areas and business models, such as theuse of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends.If we encounter any of the risks described above or if we are otherwise unable to establish or successfully operate online shops or additional production capacity,we may be unable to grow our business and revenues, reduce our operating costs, maintain our competitiveness or improve our profitability and, consequently, ourbusiness, financial condition, results of operations and prospects will be adversely affected.6Table of ContentsIf we are unable to fund capital expenditures or obtain additional sources of liquidity when we need it, our business may be adversely affected. In addition, ifwe obtain equity financing, the issuance of our equity securities could cause dilution for our stockholders. To the extent we obtain the financing through theissuance of debt securities, our debt service obligations could increase, and we may become subject to restrictive operating and financial covenants.We anticipate that we will make substantial capital investments to expand our business within the next 3 years. There is no assurance that we will have sufficientcash to fund our anticipated capital expenditures. If we need but are unable to obtain adequate financing with on terms favorable to us, we may be unable tosuccessfully maintain our operations and accomplish our growth strategy. In addition, we may be unable to generate sufficient cash internally or obtain alternativesources of capital to fund our proposed capital expenditures, take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures. As a result, we mayseek to sell additional equity securities, debt securities, or borrow from lending institutions. Any issuance of equity securities could cause dilution for ourstockholders. Any incurrence of indebtedness could increase our debt service obligations and cause us to be subject to restrictive operating and financecovenants. Our ability to obtain external financing in the future is also subject to a number of uncertainties, including:●Our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;●general market conditions for financing activities by companies in our industry;●economic, political and other conditions in China and elsewhere; and●uncertain economic prospect and tightened credit markets resulting from the recent global economic slowdown and financial market crisis.If we are unable to obtain funding in a timely manner or on commercially acceptable terms, or at all, our growth prospects and future profitability may be materiallyadversely affected. Adverse changes in the capital markets could make it difficult to obtain capital or obtain it at attractive rates.Our past results may not be indicative of our future performance and evaluating our business and prospects may be difficult.Our business has gone through various stages of the business life cycle in recent years as demonstrated by our growth in net sales, which reached $99.6 million forthe year ended December 31, 2013, while in 2014 our net sales decreased by 40% to $58.8 million and in year 2015 net sales went up slightly by 4.3% to $61.3 million,our net sales decreased by 32.8% to $41.2 million in 2016, net sales decreased 42% to $23.8 million in 2017 and net sales further decreased 22% to $18.53 million in2018. The decrease in sales in 2016, 2017 and 2018 as compared with 2013 was mainly due to the slowdown of the Chinese economic growth and a challenging retailenvironment. As a result, we cannot assure that we will be able to achieve similar growth in future periods as recent years before 2014, and our historical operatingresults may not provide a meaningful basis for evaluating our business, financial performance and prospects. Moreover, our ability to achieve satisfactoryproduction results at higher volumes is unproven. Therefore, you should not rely on our past results or our historical rate of growth as an indication of our futureperformance.We experience fluctuations in operating results.Our annual and quarterly operating results have fluctuated, and are expected to continue to fluctuate. Among the factors that may cause our operating results tofluctuate are customers’ response to merchandise offerings, the timing of the rollout of new sales outlets, seasonal variations in sales, the timing of merchandisereceipts, the level of merchandise returns, changes in merchandise mix and presentation, our cost of merchandise, unanticipated operating costs, and other factorsbeyond our control, such as general economic conditions and actions of competitors.We have historically experienced seasonal fluctuations in our sales. A substantial portion of our revenues are typically earned during the second and fourthquarters and we generally experience lowest revenues during the first and third quarters. If sales during the second and fourth quarters are lower than expected, ouroperating results would be adversely affected, and it would have a disproportionately large impact on our annual operating results. The sales of our products arealso affected by local spending behavior, which are typically affected by seasonal shopping patterns during major Chinese holidays.7Table of ContentsAs a result of these factors, we believe that periodtoperiod comparisons of historical and future results will not necessarily be meaningful and should not be reliedon as an indication of future performance.Our failure to collect the trade receivables or untimely collection could affect our liquidity.Our distributors place advance purchase orders twice a year. From 2015 to 2018, we typically expect and receive payment within 30180 days of product delivery. Inaddition, approximately 83.2% of accounts receivables are within a 180 days credit term. Starting in September 2015, we extended credit to some of our customers to150180 days without requiring collaterals. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of the financial condition of our customers and we generally require no collateralfrom our distributors and authorized retailers to secure their payment obligations. However, our sales going forward may rely more heavily on credit, and if weencounter future problems collecting amounts due from our clients or if we experience delays in the collection of amounts due from our clients, our liquidity could benegatively affected.The Chinese economy experienced a softening of economic growth, and the apparel industry is also facing a downturn. The impact of the current and possiblefuture economic downturn on our distributors cannot be predicted and may be severe, causing a significant impact on their business. As a result, our financialcondition and result of operations could be negatively affected. In addition, if they cannot continue their orders of our products due to the failure of paying us forits previous purchases, our brand image and reputation may be materially negatively affected as well.We rely on distributors for a substantial portion of our sales and the loss of any of our large distributors would harm our business. A substantial portion of our sales are made to distributors that resell our products. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, distributors accounted forapproximately 67% and 73% of our total sales, respectively, and our top five distributors accounted for approximately 23.8% and 34.8% of our total sales,respectively. The marketing efforts of our distributors are critical for our success. If we fail to attract additional distributors, and our existing distributors do notpromote our products at the same or at a greater level than the products of our competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could beadversely affected.Furthermore, there is no assurance that any of our distributors will satisfy the sales targets set forth in their distribution agreements and we or they may not wish torenew the distribution agreements in future years. Moreover, our distributors are not obliged to continue to place orders with the Company at the same level asbefore or at all and there is no assurance that we would be able to obtain orders from other distributors to replace any such lost sales on terms satisfactory to us orall. If any of our largest distributors substantially reduces its purchases from us, or otherwise fails to renew its distribution agreement with us, we may suffer asignificant loss of sales and our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We have limited control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhereto, or fail to cause the third party retail outlet operators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.We rely on the contractual obligations set forth in the distribution agreements that we enter into with our distributors, as well as policies and standards we formulatefrom time to time, to impose our retail policies on these distributors in respect of the franchisee retail outlets. In addition, as we do not enter into any agreementswith the third party retail outlet operators, we rely on our distributors to ensure that these franchisee retail outlets operate in accordance with our retail policies. Assuch, our control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and the franchisee retail outlet operators is limited. There is no assurance that our distributors orthe third party franchisee retail outlet operators will comply with, or that the distributors will enforce, our retail policies. As a result, we may not be able to effectivelymanage our sales network or maintain a uniform brand image, and cannot assure you that franchisee retail outlets would continue to offer quality services toconsumers.8Table of ContentsIn addition, if any of the distributors or third party franchisee retail outlet operators experiences difficulties in selling our products in the retail market, they mayattempt to disregard our pricing policies and liquidate their excessive inventory buildup through aggressive discounts, which may damage the image and the valueof our brand. There is no assurance that we will be able to, in a timely manner, impose penalties on or replace any distributors who consistently fail to comply with,or fail to cause the third party franchisee retail outlet operators appointed by them to comply with, our retail policies in their operation of franchisee retail outlets. Insuch event, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We may not be able to accurately track the inventory levels at our distributors, retailers or department store concessions.Our ability to track the sales by our distributors to thirdparty retailers and the ultimate retail sales by the retailers, and consequently their respective inventorylevels, is limited. We implement a policy to require our distributors to provide us with their sales reports on a weekly basis and we carry out random onsiteinspections of our distributors to track their inventories. The purpose of tracking the inventory level is mainly to gather information regarding the market acceptanceof our products so that we can reflect consumers’ preferences in the design and development of our products for the next season. The tracking of inventory levelalso helps us to understand the market recognition of our products in a particular region, and thus allows us to adjust our marketing strategy if necessary. Theimplementation of the policy, however, requires the distributors to accurately report the relevant data to us in a timely manner, which is largely dependent on thecooperation of the Company’s distributors. We may not always obtain the required data in time and the data provided to us by our distributors may be inaccurate orincomplete.Inaccurate, mistaken, incomplete or delayed data regarding inventory levels may mislead the Company to make wrong business judgments for its production,marketing efforts and sales strategies. If that happens, our operations and financial results may be materially adversely affected. In addition, if we cannot manageinventory levels properly, future orders of our products may be reduced, which would materially adversely affect our future business, financial condition, results ofoperation and prospects.Our operations could be materially adversely affected if we fail to effectively manage our relationships with, or lose the services of, our OEM contractmanufacturers.The production of our brand name products are 100% outsourced to PRCbased thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2018 and2017 we had 5 and 6 contract manufacturers, respectively. Purchases from our top five OEM contract manufacturers accounted for approximately 92% and 88.6% ofour total purchases for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As we do not enter into longterm contracts with our OEM contractmanufacturers, they may decide not to accept our future OEM orders on the same or similar terms, or at all. If an OEM contract manufacturer decides to substantiallyreduce its volume of supply to us or to terminate its business relationship with us, we may not be able to find a proper replacement in a timely manner and may beforced to default on the agreements with our distributors that sell our products. This may negatively impact our revenues and adversely affect our reputation andrelationships with our distributors that sell our products, causing a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.Further, if any of our OEM contract manufacturers fails to provide the required number of products meeting our quality standards, we may have to delay delivery ofproducts to our distributors, become unable to supply products at all, or even recall products previously dispatched. This could cause the Company to loserevenues or market share and damage our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operationsand prospects. In addition, some OEM contract manufacturers may not fully comply with certain laws, such as labor and environmental laws. If any of our OEMcontract manufacturers is found to have violated laws and regulations in the PRC, media reports on such violations may negatively affect our reputation and image,resulting in material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.9Table of ContentsWhile we provide the designs of our products to the OEM contract manufacturers, as well as guidance for manufacturing the products ordered by us, we do nothave direct control over the OEM contract manufacturers. If any of them is involved in unauthorized production and sale of goods using the KBS brand, ourreputation, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.As the Company grows, our reliance on OEM contract manufacturers may also grow as our added production capacity may not be sufficient to keep pace with theincreased production requirements driven by our growth. We may not be able to find sufficient additional OEM contract manufacturers to produce our products onthe same or similar terms as our existing OEM contract manufacturers, and we may not be able to achieve our growth and development goals.Any interruption in our operations could impair our financial performance and negatively affect our brand. Our operations are complicated and integrated, involving the coordination of thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers and external distribution processes. Whilethese operations are modified on a regular basis in an effort to improve outsourcing and distribution efficiency and flexibility, we may experience difficulties incoordinating the various aspects of our operations processes, thereby causing downtime and delays. In addition, we may encounter interruption in our operationsprocesses due to a catastrophic loss or events beyond our control, such as fires, explosions, labor disturbances or violent weather conditions. Any interruptions inour operations or capabilities at our facilities could result in our inability to procure our products, which would reduce our net sales and earnings for the affectedperiod. If there are delays in delivery times to our customers, our business and reputation could be severely affected. Any significant delays in deliveries to ourcustomers could lead to increased returns or cancellations and cause the Company to lose future sales. The Company currently does not have business interruptioninsurance to offset these potential losses, delays and risks so a material interruption of our business operations could severely damage our business.We rely heavily on our management information system for inventory management, distribution and other functions. If our system fail to perform thesefunctions adequately or if we experience an interruption in our operation, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. The efficient operation of our business is dependent on our management information systems. We rely heavily on our management information systems to manageour order entry, order fulfillment, pricing, pointofsale and inventory replenishment processes. We cannot assure you that our management information system will operate properly or without interruption. Any malfunction to any part or all of our managementinformation system for a prolonged period may cause delays in operations or impairment of our overall business efficiency. We also cannot ensure that the level ofsecurity currently maintained will be sufficient to protect the system from third party intrusions, viruses, lost or stolen data, or similar situations. Additionally, aspart of our growth and development strategy over the next few years, we plan to upgrade and improve our management information system. We cannot assure youthat there will be no interruptions to our management information system during the upgrades or that the new management information system will be able tointegrate fully with the existing information system. The failure of our management information system to perform as we anticipate could disrupt our business and could result in decreased revenue, increased overheadcosts and excess or outofstock inventory levels, causing our business and results of operations to suffer materially. Failure to protect the integrity, security and use of our customers’ information and media could expose us to litigation and materially damage our standingwith our customers. Increasing costs associated with information security — such as increased investment in technology, the costs of compliance with consumer protection laws andcosts resulting from consumer fraud — could cause our business and results of operations to suffer materially. While we have taken significant steps to protectcustomer and confidential information, including entering into confidentiality agreements with relevant employees and incorporate confidentiality clauses in ourpolicies, there can be no assurance that advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments will prevent thecompromise of our customer transaction processing capabilities and personal data. If any such compromise of our security were to occur, it could have a materialadverse effect on our reputation, operating results and financial condition. Any such compromise may materially increase the costs we incur to protect against suchinformation security breaches and could subject us to additional legal risk. Procurement specialists and managers are required to sign a confidentiality agreement. 10Table of ContentsWe have limited insurance coverage in China and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses. Operation of our facilities involves many risks, including equipment failures, natural disasters, industrial accidents, power outages, labor disturbances and otherbusiness interruptions. We do not carry any business interruption insurance, product recall or thirdparty liability insurance for our production facilities or withrespect to our products to cover claims pertaining to personal injury or property or environmental damage arising from defects in our products, product recalls,accidents on our property or damage relating to our operations. While business interruption insurance and other types of insurance are available to a limited extentin China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of such insurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commerciallyreasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Therefore, our existing insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all risks associatedwith our business. As a result, we may be required to pay for financial and other losses, damages and liabilities, including those caused by natural disasters andother events beyond our control, out of our own funds, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our inability to protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights may prevent us from successfully marketing our products and competingeffectively. We believe our trademarks and other intellectual property rights are important to our success and competitive position and recognize the importance of registeringthe trademarks related to our KBS brand for protection against infringement. We currently hold two registered trademarks. Failure to protect our intellectual propertycould harm our brand and our reputation, and adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. Further, enforcing or defending our intellectual property rights,including our trademarks, patents, copyrights and trade secrets, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. We produce, marketand sell our products under registered trademarks. We regard our intellectual property, particularly our trademarks and trade secrets to be of considerable value andimportance to our business and our success. We rely on a combination of trademark, patent, and trade secrecy laws, and contractual provisions to protect ourintellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect these proprietary rights will be adequate or that third parties will notinfringe or misappropriate our trademarks, trade secrets or similar proprietary rights. In addition, there can be no assurance that other parties will not assertinfringement claims against us, and we may have to pursue litigation against other parties to assert our rights. Any such claim or litigation could be costly, and wemay lack the resources required to defend against such claims. In addition, any event that would jeopardize our proprietary rights or any claims of infringement bythird parties could have a material adverse effect on our ability to market or sell our brands, and profitably exploit our products.Environmental regulations impose substantial costs and limitations on our operations. We use chemicals and produce significant emissions in our manufacturing operations. As such, we are subject to various national and local environmental laws andregulations in China concerning issues such as air emissions, wastewater discharges, and solid waste management and disposal. These laws and regulations canrestrict or limit our operations and expose us to liability and penalties for noncompliance. While we believe that our facilities are in material compliance with allapplicable environmental laws and regulations, the risks of substantial unanticipated costs and liabilities related to compliance with these laws and regulations arean inherent part of our business. It is possible that future conditions may develop, arise or be discovered that create new environmental compliance or remediationliabilities and costs. While we believe that we can comply with existing environmental legislation and regulatory requirements and that the costs of compliance havebeen included within budgeted cost estimates, compliance may prove to be more limiting and costly than anticipated.We may be unable to establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, and, as a result, we may be unable to accuratelyreport our financial results or prevent fraud.We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities law. The SEC as required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (“SOX 404”), adoptedrules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal control over financial reporting in its annual report, which mustalso contain management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, the independent registered publicaccounting firm auditing the financial statements of a company that is not a nonaccelerated filer under Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act must also attest to theoperating effectiveness of the company’s internal controls.11Table of ContentsFailure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could result in our inability to accurately report our financial results, prevent or detect fraudor provide timely and reliable financial and other information pursuant to the reporting obligations we have as a public company, which could have a materialadverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, it could cause our investors to lose confidence in the information we report,which could adversely affect our stock price.RISKS RELATED TO DOING BUSINESS IN CHINAOur business operation may be affected if we are forced to relocate our manufacturing facilities and stores.We leased the premises for our office located in Shishi and one corporate store. However, none of our lease agreements have been registered with the relevantgovernmental agencies. According to our PRC legal counsel, without registration, our rights to use and occupy the premises may not be secured if any third partiessuch as other tenants who have registered their lease agreements challenge us under PRC law. Moreover, while we have taken various measures to verify theownership of property such as checking utility bills and search government records, most of our landlords have declined to confirm whether they possess theproperty ownership certificates and land use rights certificates for our properties. As a result, we have been unable to verify whether third parties may assert theirownership rights under PRC law against most of our landlords or challenge most of our leases in the future. If our rights to use the premises are challenged, we maybe forced to relocate to other premises. We may not be able to relocate to a suitable premise promptly or lease alternative premises on terms at least as favorable asour existing ones. In addition, relocation costs and interruption of production may have a material adverse effect on our business operation and financialperformance.Changes in the economic and political policies of the PRC government could have a material and adverse effect on our business and operations.We conduct substantially all our business operations in China. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are significantly dependenton economic and political developments in China. China’s economy differs from the economies of developed countries in many aspects, including the level ofdevelopment, growth rate and degree of government control over foreign exchange and allocation of resources. While China’s economy has experienced significantgrowth in the past 30 years, the growth has been uneven across different regions and periods and among various economic sectors in China. We cannot assure youthat China’s economy will continue to grow, or that if there is growth, such growth will be steady and uniform, or that if there is a slowdown, such slowdown will nothave a negative effect on its business and results of operations.The PRC government exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, control over payment of foreign currencydenominated obligations, implementation of monetary policy, and preferential treatment of particular industries or companies. Certain measures adopted by the PRCgovernment may restrict loans to certain industries, such as changes in the statutory deposit reserve ratio and lending guidelines for commercial banks by thePeople’s Bank of China, or PBOC. These current and future government actions could materially affect our liquidity, access to capital, and ability to operate ourbusiness.The global financial markets experienced significant disruptions in 2008 and the United States, Europe and other economies went into recession. Since 2012, growthof the Chinese economy has slowed. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources.Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy but may also have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operation could bematerially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, any stimulusmeasures designed to boost the Chinese economy, may contribute to higher inflation, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.See “Risks Related to Doing Business in China Future inflation in China may inhibit our ability to conduct business in China.”12Table of ContentsUncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the legal protections available to you and us.We conduct substantially all of our business through our operating subsidiaries in the PRC. Our operating subsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulationsapplicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws applicable to foreigninvested enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes, andprior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, a series of new PRC laws and regulations have significantlyenhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, since the PRC legal system continues to evolve rapidly, theinterpretations of many laws, regulations, and rules are not always uniform, and enforcement of these laws, regulations, and rules involve uncertainties, which maylimit legal protections available to you and us. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources andmanagement attention. In addition, most of our executive officers and directors are residents of China and not of the United States, and substantially all the assets ofthese persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it could be difficult for investors to affect service of process in the United States or to enforce ajudgment obtained in the United States against our Chinese operations and subsidiaries.You may have difficulty enforcing judgments against us.Most of our assets are located outside of the United States and most of our current operations are conducted in the PRC. In addition, most of our directors andofficers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons is located outside the UnitedStates. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce inU.S. courts judgments on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, most of whom are not residents inthe United States and the substantial majority of whose assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts ofthe PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts. Our counsel as to PRC law has advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgmentsare provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. Courts in China may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRCCivil Procedures Law based on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have anytreaties or other arrangements that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments with the United States. In addition, according to thePRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violatesbasic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security, or the public interest. So, it is uncertain whether a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by acourt in the United States.The PRC government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities.The PRC government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and stateownership. Our ability to operate in China may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, import and export tariffs,environmental regulations, land use rights, property, and other matters. We believe that our operations in China are in material compliance with all applicable legaland regulatory requirements. However, the central or local governments of the jurisdictions in which we operate may impose new, stricter regulations orinterpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations orinterpretations.Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision not to continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more centrally plannedeconomy or regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant effect on economic conditions in China or particularregions thereof and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then hold in Chinese properties or joint venturesRestrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our sales effectively. The majority of our sales will be settled in RMB and U.S. dollars, and any future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit our ability to use revenue generated inRMB to fund any future business activities outside China or to make dividend or other payments in U.S. dollars. Although the Chinese government introducedregulations in 1996 to allow greater convertibility of the RMB for current account transactions, significant restrictions still remain, including primarily the restrictionthat foreigninvested enterprises may only buy, sell or remit foreign currencies after providing valid commercial documents, at those banks in China authorized toconduct foreign exchange business. In addition, conversion of RMB for capital account items, including direct investment and loans, is subject to governmentalapproval in China, and companies are required to open and maintain separate foreign exchange accounts for capital account items. We cannot be certain that theChinese regulatory authorities will not impose more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of the RMB in the future.13Table of ContentsFluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.The value of our securities will be indirectly affected by the foreign exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and RMB and between those currencies and othercurrencies in which our sales may be denominated. Appreciation or depreciation in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial resultsreported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations. Fluctuations in the exchange rate will alsoaffect the relative value of any dividend we issue that will be exchanged into U.S. dollars, as well as earnings from, and the value of, any U.S. dollardenominatedinvestments we make in the future.Since July 2005, the RMB has no longer been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Since then the RMB has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly andunpredictably, and in recent years the RMB has depreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progresstowards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate systemand there is no guarantee that the RMB will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how marketforces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future.Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedgingtransactions. While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited, and we may not beable to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition, our foreign currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrictour ability to convert RMB into foreign currencies. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends and other distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you, and otherwise fund and conduct our business. Substantially all of our sales are earned by our PRC subsidiaries. However, PRC regulations restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make dividends and otherpayments to their offshore parent companies. PRC legal restrictions permit payments of dividends by our PRC subsidiaries only out of their accumulated aftertaxprofits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are also required under PRC laws and regulations toallocate at least 10% of their annual aftertax profits determined in accordance with PRC GAAP to a statutory general reserve fund until the amounts in said fundreaches 50% of their registered capital. Allocations to these statutory reserve funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not transferable to us in the formof loans, advances, or cash dividends. Any limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to transfer funds to us could materially and adversely limit our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends and otherwise fund and conduct our business.PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary toliability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital ordistribute profits.SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing andRoundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as “SAFECircular 75” promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of the SAFE in connection with theirdirect establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets orequity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a “special purpose vehicle.” SAFE Circular 37 furtherrequires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capitalcontributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in aspecial purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profitdistributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent crossborder foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted inits ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described abovecould result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for theForeign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015 by SAFE, local banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration foroverseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under SAFE Circular 37 from June 1, 2015.14Table of ContentsAccording to SAFE Circular 37, our shareholders or beneficial owners, who are PRC residents, are subject to SAFE Circular 37 or other foreign exchangeadministrative regulations in respect of their investment in our company. We have notified substantial beneficial owners of ordinary shares who we know are PRCresidents of their filing obligations. Nevertheless, we may not be aware of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. We do not havecontrol over our beneficial owners and there can be no assurance that all of our PRCresident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE Circular 37 and subsequentimplementation rules, and there is no assurance that the registration under SAFE Circular 37 and any amendment will be completed in a timely manner, or will becompleted at all. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their foreign exchange registrations in a timely manner pursuant toSAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with theregistration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to fines andlegal sanctions. Such failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiary and limitour PRC subsidiary’s ability to distribute dividends to our company. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and resultsof operations.Furthermore, SAFE Circular 37 is unclear how this regulation, and any future regulation concerning offshore or crossborder transactions, will be interpreted,amended and implemented by the relevant PRC government authorities, and we cannot predict how these regulations will affect our business operations or futurestrategy. Failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRCsubsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to us. These risks could in the future have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results ofoperations.We may be unable to complete a business combination transaction efficiently or on favorable terms due to complicated merger and acquisition regulationswhich became effective on September 8, 2006.On August 9, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the China Securities Regulatory Commission, promulgated the Regulation on Mergers and Acquisitionsof Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006, and was subsequently amended in 2009. This regulation, among otherthings, governs the approval process of a PRC company’s participation in an acquisition of assets or equity interests. Depending on the structure of the transaction,the regulation requires the PRC parties to make a series of applications and supplemental applications to the government agencies for approval of acquisition ofassets or equity interests from other entity. In some instances, the application process may require a presentation of economic data concerning the transaction,including appraisals of the target business and evaluations of the acquirer, which are designed to allow the government to assess viability of the transaction.Government approvals will have expiration dates, by which a transaction must be completed and reported to the government agencies. Compliance with theregulation is likely to be more time consuming and expensive than it was in the past, and provides the government more controls over business combination of twoenterprises. As a result, our ability to engage in business combination transactions has become significantly more complicated, time consuming, and expensive. Wemay not be able to negotiate a transaction that is acceptable to our stockholders or sufficiently protect their interests in a transaction.The regulation allows PRC governmental agencies to assess the economic terms of a business combination transaction. Parties to a business combinationtransaction may have to submit to MOFCOM and other relevant government agencies an appraisal report, an evaluation report, and the acquisition agreement, all ofwhich were a part of the application for approval, depending on the structure of the transaction. The regulation also prohibits a transaction with an acquisition priceobviously lower than the appraised value of the PRC business or assets and in certain transaction structures, and requires consideration being paid within a definedperiod, generally not in excess of a year. The regulation also limits our ability to negotiate various terms of the acquisition, including the initial consideration,contingent consideration, holdback provisions, indemnification provisions, and provisions related to the assumption and allocation of assets and liabilities.Transaction structures involving trusts, nominees and similar entities are prohibited. Therefore, such regulation may impede our ability to negotiate and complete abusiness combination transaction on financial terms that satisfy our investors and protect our stockholders’ economic interests.15Table of ContentsPRC regulation of loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion mayrestrict or prevent us from using the proceeds of our future financings to make loans to our PRC subsidiaries, or to make additional capital contributions toour PRC subsidiary.We, as an offshore holding company, are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC subsidiary, which are treated as foreigninvestedenterprises under PRC laws, through loans or capital contributions. However, loans by us to any PRC subsidiary to finance its activities cannot exceed statutorylimits and must be registered with the local counterpart of SAFE and capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary are subject to the requirement of making necessaryfilings in the Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System, and registration with other governmental authorities in China.SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital ofForeigninvested Enterprises, or Circular 19, effective on June 1, 2015, in replacement of the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvementof the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign Invested Enterprises, or Circular 142, the Notice from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Exchange Businesses, or Circular 59, and theCircular on Further Clarification and Regulation of the Issues Concerning the Administration of Certain Capital Account Foreign Exchange Businesses, orCircular 45. According to Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of a foreigninvestedcompany is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans, the repayment of interenterprise loans or the repayment ofbank loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of aforeign invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within the PRC, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFEwill permit such capital to be used for equity investments in the PRC in actual practice. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, whichreiterates some of the rules set forth in Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registeredcapital of a foreigninvested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to grant loans to nonassociated enterprises.Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. Circular 19 and Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer anyforeign currency we hold, including the net proceeds from our future financings, to our PRC subsidiary, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability tofund and expand our business in the PRC.Due to the restrictions imposed on loans in foreign currencies extended to any PRC domestic companies, we are not likely to make such loans to any of our PRCsubsidiaries. Meanwhile, we are not likely to finance the activities of our subsidiaries by means of capital contributions given the restrictions on foreign investmentin the businesses that are currently conducted by our subsidiaries.In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannotassure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, withrespect to future loans to our PRC subsidiary or any consolidated variable interest entity or future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiary. As a result,uncertainties exist as to our ability to provide prompt financial support to our PRC subsidiaries when needed. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain suchapprovals, our ability to use foreign currency, including the proceeds we received from our future financings, and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operationsmay be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.16Table of ContentsAny failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal oradministrative sanctions.Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas nonpubliclylisted companies may submit applications to SAFE orits local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. In the meantime, our directors, executive officers andother employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year, subject to limitedexceptions, and who have been granted restricted shares, options or restricted share units, or RSUs, by us or our overseas listed subsidiaries may follow the Noticeon Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company,issued by SAFE in February 2012, to apply for the foreign exchange registration. According to those regulations, employees, directors and other managementmembers participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC citizens residing in China for acontinuous period of not less than one year, subject to limited exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which may be aPRC subsidiary of the overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines andlegal sanctions and may also limit their ability to make payment under the relevant equity incentive plans or receive dividends or sales proceeds related thereto inforeign currencies, or our ability to contribute additional capital into our domestic subsidiaries in China and limit our domestic subsidiaries’ ability to distributedividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties under PRC law that could restrict our ability or the ability of our overseas listed subsidiaries to adoptadditional equity incentive plans for our directors and employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period ofnot less than one year, subject to limited exceptions.In addition, the State Administration of Taxation has issued circulars concerning employee share options, restricted shares or RSUs. Under these circulars,employees working in the PRC who exercise share options, or whose restricted shares or RSUs vest, will be subject to PRC individual income tax. The PRCsubsidiaries of an overseas listed company have obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authoritiesand to withhold individual income taxes of those employees related to their share options, restricted shares or RSUs. If the employees fail to pay, or the PRCsubsidiaries fail to withhold, their income taxes according to relevant laws, rules and regulations, the PRC subsidiaries may face sanctions imposed by the taxauthorities.Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a “resident enterprise” of China. Such classification will likely result in unfavorable taxconsequences to us and our nonPRC shareholders.On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress of China passed a new Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law. On November 28, 2007, the State Council ofChina passed its implementing rules, which took effect on January 1, 2008. Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto managementbodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise,” meaning that it can be treated in a manner similar to a Chinese enterprise for enterprise income taxpurposes. The implementing rules of the EIT Law define de facto management as “substantial and overall management and control over the production andoperations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise.On April 22, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice Concerning Relevant Issues Regarding Cognizance of Chinese Investment ControlledEnterprises Incorporated Offshore as Resident Enterprises. According to the Criteria of de facto Management Bodies, or the Notice, further interprets the applicationof the EIT Law and its implementation nonChinese enterprise or group controlled offshore entities. Pursuant to the Notice, an enterprise incorporated in an offshorejurisdiction and controlled by a Chinese enterprise or group will be classified as a “nondomestically incorporated resident enterprise” if (i) its senior management incharge of daily operations reside or perform their duties mainly in China; (ii) its financial or personnel decisions are made or approved by bodies or persons in China;(iii) its substantial assets and properties, accounting books, corporate chops, board and shareholder minutes are kept in China; and (iv) at least half of its directorswith voting rights or senior management often resident in China. A resident enterprise would be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on its worldwideincome and must pay a withholding tax at a rate of 10%, when paying dividends to its nonPRC shareholders. However, it remains unclear as to whether the Notice isapplicable to an offshore enterprise incorporated by a Chinese natural person, nor detailed measures on imposition of tax from nondomestically incorporatedresident enterprises are available. Therefore, it is unclear how tax authorities will determine tax residency based on the facts of each case.17Table of ContentsWe may be deemed to be a resident enterprise by Chinese tax authorities. If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for the PRCenterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on financingproceeds and nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although, under the EIT Law and its implementingrules, dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued a guidance with respect to the processingof outbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for the PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidanceissued with respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation, which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to ournonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC stockholders from transferring our shares.Our failure to fully comply with PRC laws relating to social insurance and housing accumulation fund may expose it to potential administrative penalties. The PRC laws and regulations require all employers in China to fully contribute their own portion to the social insurance and housing accumulation funds for theiremployees within a certain period of time. Failure to do so may expose the employers to make rectification for the unpaid contributions by the relevant laborauthority. As of the date of this report, Hongri PRC has not paid housing accumulation funds for its employees. In addition, Hongri PRC failed to make contributions to thesocial insurance in full amount for its employees before 2014. PRC governmental authorities may impose penalties on Hongri PRC for failure to comply. In addition, inthe event that any current or former employee files a complaint with the PRC government, Hongri PRC may be subject to making up the contributions to the socialinsurance and housing accumulation funds as well as paying administrative fines. The total cost of these contributions and any related fines or penalties could besignificant and could have a material adverse effect on our working capital. We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Chinese anticorruption laws, and any determination that we violated these lawscould have a material adverse effect on our business. We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act, or FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and theirofficials and political parties by U.S. persons and issuers as defined by the statute, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have operations,agreements with third parties, and make most of our sales in China. The PRC also strictly prohibits bribery of government officials. Our activities in China create therisk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company, even though they may not alwaysbe subject to our control. It is our policy to implement safeguards to discourage these practices by our employees. However, our existing safeguards and any futureimprovements may prove to be less than effective, and the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company may engage in conduct for whichwe might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA or Chinese anticorruption laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to otherliabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the U.S. government may seek to hold our Companyliable for successor liability FCPA violations committed by companies in which we invest or that we acquire. If we become directly subject to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.listed Chinese companies, we may have to expendsignificant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations, stock price and reputation, and could result in a loss ofyour investment in our stock, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favorably. In the past few years, U.S. publicly traded companies that have substantially all of their operations in China, particularly companies like us have been the subject ofintense scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators, and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism,and negative publicity has centered around financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, lacking effective internal controls over financial accounting,inadequate corporate governance policies or lacking of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, criticism, and negativepublicity, the publicly traded stocks of many U.S. listed Chinese companies have sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, have become virtually worthless.Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions, and are conducting internal and external investigations into theallegations. It is not clear the effect of this sectorwide scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity will have on our Company, our business, and our stock price. If webecome the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources toinvestigate such allegations defending our Company. This situation will be costly, time consuming, and distract our management from growing our company.18Table of ContentsThe disclosures in our reports and other filings with the SEC and our other public pronouncements will not be subject to the scrutiny of any regulatory bodiesin the PRC. Accordingly, our public disclosure should be reviewed in light of the fact that no governmental agency that is located in China where all of ouroperations and business are located have conducted any due diligence on our operations or reviewed or cleared any of our disclosure. Unlike public reporting companies whose operations are located primarily in the United States, however, all of our operations will be located in China. Since all of ouroperations and business takes place in China, it may be more difficult for the Staff of the SEC to overcome the geographic and cultural obstacles that are presentwhen reviewing our disclosure. These same obstacles are not present for similar companies whose operations or business take place entirely or primarily in theUnited States. Furthermore, our SEC reports and other disclosure and public pronouncements are not subject to the review or scrutiny of any PRC regulatoryauthority. For example, the disclosure in our SEC reports and other filings are not subject to the review of the CSRC, a PRC regulator that is tasked with oversight ofthe capital markets in China. Accordingly, you should review our SEC reports, filings and our other public pronouncements with the understanding that no localregulator has done any due diligence on our company and with the understanding that none of our SEC reports, other filings or any of our other publicpronouncements has been reviewed or otherwise been scrutinized by any local regulator. Proceedings instituted by the SEC against five PRCbased accounting firms could result in financial statements being determined to be not in compliance withthe requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.In December 2012, the SEC instituted proceedings under Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) of the SEC’s Rules of Practice against five PRCbased accounting firms alleging that thesefirms had violated U.S. securities laws and the SEC’s rules and regulations thereunder by failing to provide to the SEC the firms’ work papers related to their audits ofcertain PRCbased companies that are publicly traded in the United States. Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) grants to the SEC the authority to deny to any person, temporarily orpermanently, the ability to practice before the SEC who is found by the SEC, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, to have willfully violated, or willfully aidedand abetted the violation of, any such laws or rules and regulations. On January 22, 2014, an initial administrative law decision was issued, sanctioning four of theseaccounting firms and suspending them from practicing before the SEC for a period of six months. The sanction will not take effect until there is an order ofeffectiveness issued by the SEC. In February 2014, four of these PRCbased accounting firms filed a petition for review of the initial decision. In February 2015, eachof these four accounting firms agreed to a censure and to pay fine to the SEC to settle the dispute with the SEC. The settlement stays the current proceeding for fouryears, during which time the firms are required to follow detailed procedures to seek to provide the SEC with access to Chinese firms’ audit documents via the CSRC.If a firm does not follow the procedures, the SEC would impose penalties such as suspensions, or commence a new, expedited administrative proceeding against thenoncompliant firm or it could restart the administrative proceeding against all four firms.If our independent registered public accounting firm were denied, temporarily or permanently, the ability to practice before the SEC, and we are unable to find in atimely manner another registered public accounting firm which can audit and issue a report on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determinedto not be in compliance with the requirements for financial statements of public companies with a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the SEC’s revocation of the registration of our common stock under theExchange Act, which would cause the immediate delisting of our common stock from the NASDAQ Capital Market, and the effective termination of the tradingmarket for our common stock in the United States, which would likely have a significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.19Table of ContentsOur holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should we decide inthe future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depend upon the receipts of dividends or other payments fromour operating subsidiaries, other holdings, and investments. In addition, our operating subsidiaries, from time to time, may be subject to restrictions on their abilityto make distributions to us, including as a result of restrictive covenants in loan agreements, restrictions on the conversion of local currency into U.S. dollars orother hard currency, and other regulatory restrictions as discussed below. If future dividends are paid in RMB, fluctuations in the exchange rate for conversion ofRMB into U.S. dollars may reduce the amount received by the U.S. stockholders upon conversion of dividend payments into U.S. dollars.Chinese regulations currently permit the payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards andregulations. Our subsidiaries in China are also required to set aside a portion of their aftertax profits to fund certain reserve funds according to the Chineseaccounting standards and regulations. Currently, our subsidiaries in China are the only sources of revenues or investment holdings for the payment of dividends. Ifthey do not accumulate sufficient profits under Chinese accounting standards and regulations to satisfy certain reserve funds as required by the Chineseaccounting standards, we will be unable to pay any dividends.Aftertax profits/losses with respect to the payment of dividends from accumulated profits and the annual appropriation of aftertax profits as calculated pursuant tothe Chinese accounting standards and regulations do not result in significant differences as compared to aftertax earnings as presented in our financial statements.However, there are certain differences between PRC accounting standards and regulations and U.S. GAAP, arising from different treatment of items such asamortization of intangible assets and change in fair value of contingent consideration rising from business combinations.RISKS RELATED TO THIS OFFERING AND THE MARKET FOR OUR SECURITIES GENERALLYIf we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of NASDAQ, we would face possible delisting, which would result in a limited public market for ourshares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Our common stock is traded and listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “KBSF.” The common stock may be delisted if we fail to maintain certainNasdaq listing requirements. For instance, companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bidprice per share of $1.00 for 30 consecutive business days. On March 3, 2016, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the 30 consecutive businessdays between January 20, 2016 and March 2, 2016, the bid price of our common stock closed below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQListing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued inclusion on The NASDAQ Capital Market. In accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we had an initial graceperiod of 180 calendar days, or until August 30, 2016, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. After the Company effectuated a oneforfifteenreverse stock split of the outstanding common stock, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq on February 27, 2017 stating that because the Company maintainedthe closing bid price of its common stock at $1.00 per share or greater from February 9 to February 24, 2017, they determined that the Company has regainedcompliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement.We cannot ensure you that we will continue to comply with the requirements for continued listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If our commonstock is no longer listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market, our shares would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our shares could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, andsecurity analysts’ coverage of us may be reduced. In addition, in the event our shares are delisted, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed uponthem, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions in our shares, further limiting the liquidity of our shares. These factors could result in lowerprices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our shares. Such delisting from The NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our shareprice could also greatly impair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing, and could significantly increase the ownershipdilution to shareholders caused by our issuing equity in financing or other transactions.20Table of ContentsIf we were delisted from NASDAQ, we may become subject to the trading complications experienced by “Penny Stocks” in the overthecounter market.Delisting from NASDAQ may cause our shares of common stock to become the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. The SEC generally defines a penny stock as an equitysecurity that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. One such exemption is tobe listed on NASDAQ. The market price of our common stock is currently higher than $1.00 per share. However, because the daily trading volume in our commonstock is very low, significant price movement can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Therefore, were we to be delisted from NASDAQ,our common stock may become subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. These rules require, among other things, that any broker engaging in a purchase or sale ofour securities provide its customers with: (i) a risk disclosure document, (ii) disclosure of market quotations, if any, (iii) disclosure of the compensation of the brokerand its salespersons in the transaction and (iv) monthly account statements showing the market values of our securities held in the customer’s accounts. A brokerwould be required to provide the bid and offer quotations and compensation information before effecting the transaction. This information must be contained on thecustomer’s confirmation. Generally, brokers are less willing to effect transactions in penny stocks due to these additional delivery requirements. These requirementsmay make it more difficult for shareholders to purchase or sell our shares. Because the broker, not us, prepares this information, we would not be able to assure thatsuch information is accurate, complete or current.Trading in our shares over the last three months has been very limited, so our stock price is highly volatile, leading to the possibility that you may not be able tosell as much stock as you want at prevailing prices.Because approximately 70% of our then issued and outstanding shares of common stock was tendered in the tender offering closed on July 29, 2014, we currentlyhave a limited amount of shares eligible for public trading. The average daily trading volume in our common stock over the last three months is very limited. If limitedtrading in our common stock continues, it may be difficult for investors to sell their shares in the public market at any given time at prevailing prices. Moreover, themarket price for shares of our common stock may be made more volatile because of the relatively low volume of trading in our common stock. When trading volumeis low, significant price movement of our common stock can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Volatility in our common stock couldcause stockholders to incur substantial losses.Numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly.There are numerous additional factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly. Thesefactors include:●our earnings releases, actual or anticipated changes in our earnings, fluctuations in our operating results or our failure to meet the expectations of financialmarket analysts and investors;●changes in financial estimates by us or by any securities analysts who might cover our shares;●speculation about our business in the press or the investment community;●significant developments relating to our relationships with our customers or suppliers;●stock market price and volume fluctuations of other publicly traded companies and, in particular, those that are in our industries;●customer demand for our products;●investor perceptions of our industry in general and our company in particular;●the operating and stock performance of comparable companies;●general economic conditions and trends;●major catastrophic events;●announcements by us or our competitors of new products, significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships or divestitures;●changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretation or principles;●loss of external funding sources;●sales of our shares, including sales by our directors, officers or significant shareholders; and●additions or departures of key personnel.21Table of ContentsSecurities class action litigation is often instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their share price. This type of litigation could result insubstantial costs to us and divert our management’s attention and resources. Moreover, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price andvolume fluctuations for reasons unrelated to operating performance of particular companies. For example, in July 2008, the securities markets in the United States,China and other jurisdictions experienced the largest decline in share prices since September 2001. These market fluctuations may adversely affect the price of ourshares and other interests in our company at a time when you want to sell your interest in us.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and do not anticipate paying any cashdividends on our shares. Accordingly, investors must be prepared to rely on sales of their shares after price appreciation to earn an investment return, which maynever occur. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our shares. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion ofour Board of Directors, and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable laws, and otherfactors our board deems relevant.Certain of our shareholders hold a significant percentage of our outstanding voting securities.Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, is the beneficial owner of approximately 37% of our outstanding voting securities. As a result, hepossesses significant influence and can elect a majority of our board of directors and authorize or prevent proposed significant corporate transactions. Hisownership and control may also have the effect of delaying or preventing a future change in control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other businesscombination or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer.Our outstanding warrants may adversely affect the market price of our shares of common stock.There are currently 393,836 warrants outstanding. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50. The sale orpossibility of sale of the shares underlying the warrants could have an adverse effect on the market price for our shares of common stock or our ability to obtainfuture financing. If and to the extent these warrants are exercised, you may experience dilution to your holdings.You will not be able to exercise your redeemable warrants if we do not have an effective registration statement and a prospectus in place when you desire to doso.No redeemable warrants will be exercisable, and we will not be obligated to issue shares of common stock upon exercise of redeemable warrants by a holder unless,at the time of such exercise, we have a registration statement or posteffective amendment under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuableupon the exercise of the redeemable warrants and a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Under the terms of a redeemable warrant agreementbetween American Stock Transfer & Trust Company as warrant agent, and us, we have agreed to use our best efforts to have a registration statement in effectcovering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants from the date the redeemable warrants become exercisable and to maintain acurrent prospectus relating to shares of common stock until the redeemable warrants expire or are redeemed, and to take such action as is necessary to qualify theshares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants for sale in those states in which the IPO was initially qualified. However, we cannotassure you that we will be able to do so. We may be unable to have a registration statement in effect covering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of theredeemable warrants or to maintain a current prospectus relating to such shares of common stock if, for example, we lack the current financial statements necessaryto be included in such registration statement or prospectus. We have no obligation to settle the redeemable warrants for cash, in any event, and the redeemablewarrants may not be exercised and we will not deliver securities therefor in the absence of an effective registration statement and a prospectus available for use. Theredeemable warrants may be deprived of any value, the market for the redeemable warrants may be limited if there is no registration statement in effect covering theshares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the redeemable warrants or the prospectus relating to the shares of common stock issuable upon the exerciseof the redeemable warrants is not current and the redeemable warrants may expire worthless. If you are unable to exercise or sell your redeemable warrants, you willhave paid the full unit price for only the shares of common stock underlying the units.22Table of ContentsHolders of warrants included in the placement units may exercise these warrants even if an effective registration statement and a prospectus is not in place,which means they may be able to exercise such warrants while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.Unlike the warrants underlying the units issued in connection with our IPO, the warrants included in the placement units will not be restricted from being exercisedin the absence of a registration statement under the Securities Act in effect covering the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the such warrantsand a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Therefore, the holders thereof will be able to exercise such warrants regardless of whether the issuanceof the underlying shares of common stock is registered under the Securities Act, while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.We are a “foreign private issuer” and have disclosure obligations that are different than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. Therefore, you should notexpect to receive the same information about us as a U.S. domestic reporting company may provide. Furthermore, if we or lose our status as a foreign privateissuer, we would be required to fully comply with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers and incur significantoperational, administrative, legal, and accounting costs that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer.We are a foreign private issuer. As a result, we are not subject to certain of the requirements imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the SEC. For example, we arenot required by the SEC or the federal securities laws to issue quarterly reports or file proxy statements with the SEC. We are also allowed to file our annual reportwith the SEC within four months of our fiscal year end. We are also not required to disclose certain detailed information regarding executive compensation that isrequired from U.S. domestic issuers. Further, our directors and executive officers are not required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Securities Act. Asa foreign private issuer, we are also exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups ofinvestors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. We are, however, still subject to the antifraud and antimanipulation rules ofthe SEC, such as Rule 10b5. Since many of the disclosure obligations required of us as a foreign private issuer are different than those required by U.S. domesticreporting companies, our shareholders should not expect to receive all of the same types of information about us and at the same time as information is receivedfrom, or provided by, U.S. domestic reporting companies. We are liable for violations of the rules and regulations of the SEC, which do apply to us as a foreignprivate issuer. Violations of these rules could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain NASDAQ corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. Thismay afford less protection to holders of our securities.We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. As a foreign private issuer,we are permitted to follow the governance practices of our home country, the Republic of the Marshall Islands in lieu of certain corporate governance requirementsof Nasdaq. As result, the standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not requiredto:●have a compensation committee and a nominating committee to be comprised solely of “independent directors; and●hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the Company’s fiscal yearend.As a result, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.Future sales or perceived sales of our shares of common stock could depress our stock price.As of the date of this report, we have 2,591,299 shares of common stock outstanding. Many of these shares will become eligible for sale in the public market, subjectto limitations imposed by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. If the holders of these shares were to attempt to sell a substantial amount of their holdings at once, themarket price of our common stock could decline. Moreover, the perceived risk of this potential dilution could cause shareholders to attempt to sell their shares andinvestors to short the common stock, a practice in which an investor sells shares that he or she does not own at prevailing market prices, hoping to purchase shareslater at a lower price to cover the sale. As each of these events would cause the number of shares of our common stock being offered for sale to increase, ourcommon stock market price would likely further decline. All of these events could combine to make it very difficult for us to sell equity or equityrelated securities inthe future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.23Table of ContentsHolders of our securities may face difficulties in protecting their interests because we are incorporated under the Republic of the Marshall Islands law.We are a company incorporated under the laws of the Marshall Islands, and almost all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, majority of ourdirectors and officers, and their assets, are located outside of the United States. As a result, you may have difficulty serving legal process within the United Statesupon us or any of these persons. You may also have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside the United States, judgments you may obtain in U.S. courts against usor these persons in any action, including actions based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal or state securities laws. You may also have difficultybringing an original action in the appropriate court of the Marshall Islands to enforce liabilities against us or any person based upon the U.S. federal securities laws.Provisions of our articles of incorporation may impede a takeover or make it more difficult for shareholders to change the direction or management of theCompany, which could reduce shareholders’ opportunity to influence management of the Company.Our articles of incorporation permit our board of directors to issue up to five million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 from time to time, with suchrights and preferences as they consider appropriate. These terms may include voting rights including the right to vote as a series on particular matters, preferencesas to dividends and liquidation, conversion rights and redemption rights provisions. The issuance of any preferred stock could reduce the value of our commonstock. In addition, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell assets to, a third party. Theability of the board of directors to issue preferred stock could make it more difficult, delay, discourage, prevent or make it more costly to acquire or effect a changeincontrol, which in turn could prevent shareholders from recognizing a gain in the event that a favorable offer is extended and could materially and negatively affectthe market price of our common stock.ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANYA.History and Development of the CompanyWe are a Republic of the Marshall Islands Company incorporated under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BDA”) on January 26, 2012. We wereoriginally organized under the name “Aquasition Corp.” for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, orsimilar acquisition transaction, one or more operating businesses or assets. The address of the Company’s principal executive office is Xingfengge Building,Baogaiyupu Industrial Park, Shishi City, Fujian Province of china.On March 24, 2014, we entered into a share exchange agreement and plan of liquidation (the “Exchange Agreement”), with KBS International, Hongri International, athen wholly owned subsidiary of KBS International and Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, each an individual and shareholder of KBS International (each, a“Principal Stockholder”). The Exchange Agreement was subsequently amended on June 21, 2014. The transactions contemplated in the Exchange Agreement (the“Share Exchange”) were closed on August 1, 2014. At the closing, we acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interest in Hongri International from KBSInternational. In exchange, we issued an aggregate of 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company to KBS International. In addition, on July 29, 2014, wecompleted a tender offer related to the Share Exchange and redeemed the 332,116 shares of common stock validly tendered and not withdrawn. Pursuant to theExchange Agreement, KBS International was liquidated and dissolved in August 2014 and the 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company were distributed toeach shareholder of KBS International according to their respective ownership of KBS International. As a result, following the consummation of the Share Exchange,we had a total of 1,694,489 shares of common stock outstanding.24Table of ContentsOn October 31, 2014, we held a special shareholder meeting and amended our Articles of Incorporation to change our name to KBS Fashion Group Limited.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.On March 29, 2016, we granted an aggregate of 73,334 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their past services in 2015 and future services to be provided in 2016.On July 10, 2017, we granted an aggregate of 215,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company as compensationsfor their services.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their services.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 registered shares of common stock pursuant to our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to our executive officers,directors and certain employees as compensations for their services.On March 29, 2019, our board of directors approved the issuance of 15,000 shares of common stock to our Investor Relationship firm as compensation for theirservices. The issuance of the shares was made in reliance on the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), for theoffer and sale of securities not involving a public offering, and Regulation S promulgated thereunder. None of the shares have been registered under the Act andneither may be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.25Table of ContentsCorporate StructureAll of our business operations are conducted through our PRC subsidiaries. The chart below presents our corporate structure as of the date of this report. The Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regardingissuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.Our web site address is http://www.kbsfashion.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of thisAnnual Report.Principal Capital Expenditures and DivestituresFor the year ended December 31, 2018, our total capital expenditures and divestitures were $nil. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, our total capitalexpenditures and divestitures were $849,199 and $45,445, respectively. Such expenditures were primarily used construction of production facility and purchasing fireprotection facility. Our operating cash flow mainly funded these capital expenditures.B.Business OverviewWe are a leading casual menswear company in China with a demonstrated track record of designing, marketing, and selling our own line of fashion menswear. Ourproducts include men’s apparel, footwear and accessories, primarily targeting urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 in the Tier II and Tier III cities in China.Tier II cities generally refer to major cities located in each province of China other than the capital city of such province. Tier III cities generally refer to countylevelcities in China. Tier III cities that we focus on are the national top 100 county cities identified by the State Statistics Bureau of China each year. These cities arecharacterized by higher GDP, higher disposable income, better education and better infrastructure as compared with other countylevel cities.26Table of ContentsOur apparel products include outerwear, knitwear, denim, tops, bottoms, accessories and footwear. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products,each year with a different theme to highlight the current trends in menswear for the season.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by the company and 40 franchised stores operated by 14 third party distributors or their subdistributors. The number of stores has grown from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017and 2016, sales through our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues respectively, and sales through distributors and whole sellersaccounted for 73%, 66.5% and 78% of our revenues, respectively. Total revenue from corporate stores sales for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $7.0million for 2017 and $5.53 million for 2016.From 2009 through 2018, total net sales decreased from $28.1 million to $18.53 million while the net profit decreased from $9.0 million to a net loss of $8 million.Our Competitive StrengthsWe believe that the following competitive strengths enable us to compete effectively in and capitalize on the growing casual menswear industry in China.●There is a sizable market for our products. We believe that we have a sizeable potential market. Our target customers are male middleclass consumers inthe 2040 age range. According to the national census in 2018, the population in China between 1659 yearsold was approximately 900 million. Our targetgroup falls into this category and is estimated to be more than 200 million people. As a result of the growing affluence in the PRC and increased purchasingpower of the PRC population, we believe that PRC consumers are becoming more willing and able to purchase casual menswear. In addition, we believe thatthe purchasing decision of PRC consumers is becoming more predicated upon brand image, product design and style, rather than just price considerations.With rising affluence and improvement in lifestyle, we also believe the overall Chinese population is generally growing more brand name conscious andstyle oriented and has shown a propensity for increased spending on casual menswear.●We have a strong focus on design and product development. We believe that our inhouse design and product development capabilities allow us to createunique products that appeal to our customers. We have established a strong inhouse design and product development team of 20 employees as of April26, 2019. Our team identifies new fashion trends by attending fashion shows and exhibitions as well as by drawing from creative ideas in magazines andother media. Each spring and fall, we carefully plan and create a new product line for our fall/winter and spring/summer collections of 727 SKU thatencompasses our full range of product offerings, including outerwear, tops, bottoms and accessories. We introduce new design elements into our productlines each season. With our highly skilled and creative team of designers, we have extensive experience in creating unique designs to meet the preferencesand needs of our target customer base.●Our trademarked brand has earned a following in China. Our brand was developed in 2006. Our marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design andmade for Chinese.” Our customers are middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range. We believe that their products’ concept, marketing, design andpackaging fully match with the prowestern attitude and life styles of their target customers. We believe the KBS brand is essential to our success topenetrate to the casual menswear market in China.●We have an extensive and wellmanaged nationwide distribution network. We have an extensive distribution network throughout China. As of December31, 2018, we had 1 KBS branded corporate stores and 32 franchised stores across 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. TheKBS branded corporate stores are required to sell only our products. We have been building up our selected distributor network since 2007. As ofDecember 31, 2018, we had 11 distributors operating 32 franchised stores. All of our distributors have been working with us from 1 to 10 years. We selectour distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry, sales channels, business resources, brand promotioncapabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. Our distributors help us respond to changing consumer tastes in a timelymanner by providing regular feedback on our products at our semiannual sales fairs and frequent communications. The financial resources of ourdistributors allow us to expand our retail network with less working capital investment from us than would be required for establishing direct stores, as ourdistributors are responsible for the store rentals and cost of inventory in their stores. We sold a substantial amount of our products through ourdistributors, which have allowed us to distribute our products to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge ofour distributors and their sub distributors. We believe that our distribution network has enabled us to expand our business and increase our salesefficiently and with less operational risk. This model has also minimized our operational risk because we typically start production after we receive ordersfrom our distributors. We believe that using a distribution network to sell a substantial amount of our KBS products has enabled us to devote ourresources to our core competitive strengths of design, brand management and product development.27Table of Contents●We have an experienced management team. Our management team has extensive R&D, marketing and financial experience, led by our Chief ExecutiveOfficer, Mr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has over 27 years of experience in the apparel industry and also has developed a differentiated product by internationalcooperation with a Korean designer. After working in the garment industry for more than 16 years, Mr. Yan acquired and developed the KBS brand. Withhis strong understanding of the apparel industry, Mr. Yan has successfully established this brand name in the market. We are committed to attract andretain top management level executives who we believe are and will continue to be the driving force behind our product development and growth.Our Growth StrategyWe intend to further strengthen our market position in the casual menswear market in China by implementing the following strategies:●We plan to expand our online business and purchase one or more online sales platforms or online stores. Together with the change in consumer trends,online sales is now the most important sales channel in Chinese market and is becoming increasingly important globally. Sales from our stores anddistributors have been steadily decreasing, and we are now in the process of identifying the best possible ways to establish and expand our onlinebusiness. We plan to research and purchase one or more online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that KBS will have better opportunities toexpand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores in year 2019, and the management of KBS will keep on exploring other areas and businessmodels, such as the use of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends. We consider that ourpolicy to expand our outreach using new technologies will add significant shareholder value.●We plan to expand our OEM sales by attracting more reputable and longterm clients. We just had the renewal of a framework sales contract with twomajor current customers: Hangzhou Zhi Yin Apparel Clothes Co., Ltd and Hangzhou Yiyuan Apparel Co., Ltd. These two sales contracts are expected togenerate approximately RMB 28 million in total, of which RMB 20 million relates to Hangzhou Ziyin of new 450,000 orders and RMB 8 million relates toHangzhou Yiyuan of new 160,000 orders for this year. We are also expanding our OEM business and to get more clients, especially to focus on onlineproviders, as they have expanded their market share over the past years quickly together with the change in Chinese consumer’s preferences and occupy alarge market share. By the time when we start executing the orders, we expect that we can have sustainable and increasing business.●We plan to invest in a Greece Based Private Smart Tech Apparel Company. We signed a letter of intent with Tribe, one of the most innovative smartclothing technology companies internationally. If the transaction is consummated, we conceive that this investment will enhance and expand significantlyour client network and products offering. The smart clothing market is expected to surpass the 2 trillion US dollars in size in 2019 and we believe we are wellpositioned to capture a part of this market in the wider region.28Table of Contents●We plan to continue to raise the profile of the KBS brand through enhanced advertising and promotional activities. We believe that the strongassociation of KBS brand with our concept of “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese” has helped drive our brand positioning and customers’receptivity to our products. We intend to further build our brand and deliver a consistent brand image from product design to sales and marketing. We seekto promote and enhance our presence in China’s casual menswear market by continuing to adopt proactive marketing strategies and produce high quality,well designed casual menswear for our target market. In particular, we aim to increase awareness of our brand through: (1) multichannel advertisingstrategies through national television, fashion magazines, billboards and other media channels; (2) further assisting our distributors’ regional advertisingefforts; (3) distinctive store and product launch campaigns, including special events for new product launches and largescale grand opening events fornew stores, particularly new corporate stores; (4) update of the decoration and layout of a number of existing stores which have been in operation for yearsto improve the shopping experience; (5) participation in fashion shows; and (6) sponsorships of selected highimpact events. We believe that theseadvertising and promotional activities will help to further strengthen brand awareness in our target market and enhance customer loyalty.●We plan to expand and build upon our design and product development capabilities. We intend to further strengthen our design and productdevelopment capabilities by accelerating the commercialization of design concepts, expanding our product offerings and continuing to develop what webelieve is unique casual menswear. We plan to further invest in design and product development and expand our design and product development team byattracting talented designers, either domestic or international, and training young graduates from leading fashion design institutes. We believe thatcombining western fashion design experience with our local designer’s understanding of the China market and aesthetic will enable us to create fashionableyet popular casual menswear for consumers in China. We also intend to cooperate with our suppliers to develop new materials and fabrics which we believewill give customers a unique fashion product and create new market opportunities. We believe that our focus on designing unique and quality casualmenswear will allow us to maintain our competitiveness and help to enhance our sales and overall profitability.●We plan to expand our production capacity to expand and diversify our product offerings. Our production facility is located in Taihu City, AnhuiProvince, China, consisting of total 110,557 square meters of land. Currently this facility has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per yearand can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famous sportswear producers, some successful onlinebrand stores and fulfill some overseas orders. The construction of our facility commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases: Phase 1 consists of theconstruction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We have completed theconstruction of facilities for Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Although we have the designed capacity of 5 million pieces yearly, the facilitycurrently may only produce 2 million pieces per year. Phase 3 construction has been delayed because the local government needs additional time toconclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 canbe continued. Phase 4 will include production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quarters and livingfacilities. Upon completion, the new facility is expected to have a production capacity of 20 million pieces and accommodate 5,000 workers. Please see“Production” below for a more complete explanation of our plans for the expansion of our production capacity. We anticipate that the new productionfacility will allow us to further refine our existing product lines by offering more styles within our existing apparel and accessories categories and tointroduce additional, complementary apparel and accessories categories into our product line. We currently introduce 500 to 900 different styles ofproducts each year and intend to increase the number of our product offerings in the future.●We plan to expand our international market and attract more orders from overseas. Starting from year 2016, we have been awarded international OEMorders for producing clothes with overseas brands. Such orders are usually large and continuous. Due to the completion of phase 2 construction of ourAnhui factory, we have enough production capacity to take on large orders. The current utilization rate of the Anhui factory is still quite low and we expectto invest more in attracting more large orders from overseas.The KBS BrandWe are engaged in a highly competitive industry in which brand image and recognition is critical to attracting customers to purchase our products. We haveadopted KBS as a uniform brand name and image for all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. The KBS brand was created byMs. Qinghua Ye in 2006 and registered with the trademark administration authority in 2008. Subsequently, Ms. Ye assigned the KBS trademark to Hongri PRC in2008. In 2009, Hongri PRC transferred this trademark to France Cock, which then licensed such trademark back to Hongri PRC. Based on our sharp rise in revenuesince 2006, we believe that the KBS brand has gained a following in the casual menswear market in the cities where our products are sold.29Table of ContentsTo promote our brand, we have developed and implemented brand management policies in all of our corporate stores and franchised stores. Our brand managementpolicies set out detailed requirements for store decorations and display of products. This enables us to project a consistent brand image. In addition, each season,our design and product development team develops display concepts, including the presentation of our collections in the stores and the color schemes for thebackdrops. We also work closely with our distributors to supervise the daily operations of franchised stores through unscheduled visits to ensure that our brandmanagement policies are properly followed.We may suspend the supply of our products or terminate distribution agreements in the event that any of our distributors or their subdistributors consistently failsto comply with our brand management policies.Our ProductsOur apparel products include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, socks and caps. In 2018, thesuggested retail prices of our products ranged from RMB 15 to RMB1,599 (approximately $2 to $237) for our apparel products and RMB178 to RMB1599(approximately $26 to $236) for our accessory products. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products, each year with a different theme tohighlight the current trends in menswear for the season.Our DesignWe believe one of our key strengths is our internal design and product development team, which designs products that reinforce our brand image. Major parts ofour products are designed by our internal design and product development team with the collaboration of Korean designers. As of December 31, 2018, our designand product development team consisted of 20 members, including one senior designer with over five years of working experience. Final design concepts areapproved by Mr. Keyan Yan, who has more than 27 years of experience in the industry. All of the other designers are graduates of professional design schools inChina. We believe that our design and product development team is innovative and passionate and that the individual experience of each of our designers helpsbring new and exciting products to our customers. Our design and product development team conceptualizes each season’s collections through an interactiveprocess, taking into account our brand strategy, product image and market feedback, drawing inspirations from domestic and international fashion trends andcollaborating with both our suppliers and distributors to finetune our designs. In particular, we collaborate with our suppliers to develop a variety of materials andfabrics for our products. We also involve distributors in our product selection process to take advantage of their market intelligence, which helps us to adapt toconstantly changing customer preferences in local markets. Our designers also attend various domestic and international fashion shows to keep abreast of the latestfashion trends.Starting from year 2015, design of our products comes from three channels. In addition to designing products by our inhouse staff, we outsource to certainreputable designers. From time to time, our ODMs also will directly sell their designed products to us.In a typical year, we design and make around 1,500 prototypes. After the initial product selection, internal cost analysis of approved prototypes and final selectionby distributors at the sales fairs, we eventually select approximately 750 designs for mass production. Final design of all of our products will be approved by ourChairman, Mr. Yan.Our Distribution NetworkWe have established a nationwide distribution network consisting of corporate stores and franchised stores covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrallyadministered municipalities.Corporate StoresAs of December 31, 2018, we owned and operated 1 corporate store with the floor area of approximately 120 square meters. As part of our corporate strategy, weclosed 17 corporate stores in last two years because of the low profitability of certain corporate stores. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, salesthrough our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues, respectively.30Table of ContentsWe directly own and operate our corporate store. This direct control enables us to have closer relationship with our ultimate customers and better understanding ofmarket trends and consumer preferences. Required capital for opening of each store depends on the location and area of the designated store. On average, therenovation cost per store is around $67,000 and the first year of rent payment is around $140,000 including premium paid to the previous owner. Rental period variesfrom two to five years. The total capital required to open a new store is generally around $207,000 per store. Once negotiation of rent is concluded, it takes one totwo months to open up a store. We usually open up stores right before a peak season, such as labor holiday in May, National holiday in October and Chinese NewYear in January/February. On average, new stores break even after one to three months of operation.We currently have one standard designs for our corporate stores located in Fujian Province. They were considered as flagship stores for our distributors’ reference.Because in year 2016 and 2015 we closed some corporate stores, the inventories of these stores were cleared through promotion exhibitions we held in the thirdtiercities at lower prices.For corporate stores opened in second tier cities, we normally have a higher aesthetic standard compared with corporate stores in third and fourth tier cities. Wegenerally locate our corporate stores at street level to access high pedestrian flow. Normally, we will sell inseason stock in our secondtier city corporate stores. Oursecondtier city corporate stores are also designed to showcase our marketability to potential distributors so as to induce them to join our distributorship. For storesopened in the third and fourth tier cities, we normally sell some of our slowmoving or offseason stock at a discount due to our awareness of the generally lesseramount of disposable income available to residents of these cities. During certain times of the year, such as the New Year, Chinese New Year and Labor Day, we willorganize promotional discounts together with our franchised stores to attract more customers and increase our stock turnover.Franchised StoresWe sell a substantial amount of our products to our franchised distributors who in turn sell them to retail customers through KBS branded retail stores operated byour distributors or their subdistributors. Since 2013, we have also been selling products to 3 provincial distributors without their own stores, or the nostoredistributors, on a trial basis. We do not have any ownership in, or controlling relationship with, these franchised stores, but we have entered into distributionagreements with them in the Company’s standard form, pursuant to which we require distributors and their subdistributors to sell only KBS products in thesestores. Distributors are responsible for selecting and ordering products from us and overseeing the sales in the stores operated by them and their subdistributors.By selling directly to our distributors, we can recognize revenues upon delivery to our distributors and delegate the distribution responsibilities to our distributors.This allows us to distribute our merchandise to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge of our distributors and theirsubdistributors. This also minimizes our inventory and sales risks while allowing us to allocate our resources to our core competitive strengths of design, brandmanagement and product development. We believe that our cooperation with distributors has enabled us to expand our business and accelerate our sales growth atmuch lower costs and operational risk and achieve brand recognition throughout China.We have been building up our selected franchised distributor network since 2007. As of December 31, 2018, we had 11 franchised distributors who operated 32 retailstores directly or through their subdistributors, all of which were standalone stores, which were typically located in commercial centers, including departmentstores or shopping malls, in their cities. All these distributors have worked with us for about 1 to 8 years. We have not encountered any material dispute or financialdifficulty with our key distributors. The average floor area of each retail store was approximately 78 square meters as of December 2018. The number of retail storeshas grown significantly in recent years from 7 as of December 31, 2006, with the aggregate floor area increasing from 560 square meters as of December 31, 2006 to2,635 square meters as of December 31, 2018. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, sales through our distributors accounted for 73%, 63.3% and78% of our revenues, respectively. 31Table of ContentsDuring each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we had no customer exceeding 10% of our net sales.Sales generated by our five bestperforming franchised distributors accounted for approximately 29.3%, 23.8% and 28.3% of our revenues in the years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Those top distributors have been with us since 2007 or 2008 and have grown organically with us. At the same time,we are exploring more distributors in other regions including relatively small distributors to grow with their businesses. Although we rely on distributors for thesales and marketing of our products, we believe our business is not substantially dependent on any individual distributor.We are highly selective in appointing distributors. We select our distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry,sales channels, business resources, brand promotion capabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. We maintain good relationshipswith many regional or local distributor candidates which we identify through our internal research and external referrals but only appoint a handful of them tobecome our distributors. We evaluate the relevant experience of the distributor candidates in operating retail stores, their financial condition and sources of fundingrequired for the establishment of a regional distribution network and their ability to develop a network of retail stores in the designated distribution region of a givendistributor before we make any appointment.Once appointed, each distributor must enter into a distribution agreement with us. We do not own any interest in any of our distributors, their subdistributors orthe retail stores they operate. The distribution agreements we typically enter into with distributors do not allow us to be involved in the daily operating, financing orother activities of the distributors, except that distributors need to comply with our brand management policies and pricing and store management guidelines. Keyterms of our standard distribution agreement include:●Product Exclusivity. Our distributors are required to sell only our products at KBS branded retail outlets managed by them or authorized retailers.●Geographic Coverage. Distributors are granted exclusive rights to distribute our products (directly and indirectly through their subdistributors) in theretail stores within the specified geographic area with no overlapping of distributors within our distribution network. However, we retain the right to operatedirect stores anywhere regardless of whether we have appointed distributors there.●Duration. The distribution agreements generally have an initial term of one year and are renewable at our discretion after taking into account factors suchas compliance with our brand management policies and sales performance.●Distributor Pricing. Distributors agree to order our products at a discount from our suggested retail prices. The discounted wholesale prices todistributors are classified into the following three categories: provincial distributor at a discount of 35% of retail price, district distributor is 30% of retailprice and the wholesale distributor is 25% of retail price.●Minimum Purchase Requirement. Each of our distributors is customarily expected to purchase a minimum amount of our products for each trade fair heldbiannually according to their present and expected distribution network. The minimum is typically RMB800,000 (approximately $110,000) for each store.●Payment and Delivery. Normally, we expect distributors to pay us RMB0.5 million (approximately $74,000) to RMB1 million (approximately $148,148) as adeposit upon placing an order. Upon delivery of the orders, we will deduct amounts on deposit from the purchase price. For new and small districtdistributors, we normally require them to pay the balance before the delivery of its products. We may also accept payment on credit terms to the extentrequested by distributors experiencing working capital difficulties or encouraging them to order more. The amount and duration of credit granted to eachdistributor will depend on its financial position and creditworthiness. We handle the arrangements for delivery of our products, but the distributors arenormally expected to bear the related costs and expenses.32Table of Contents●Return of Products. We will only accept product returns from distributors for quality reasons and only if the distributors followed our standard proceduresin processing the returned products. So far, we have not experienced any product returns due to expressed quality reasons.●Retail Pricing. Other than at times when we launch promotional campaigns or adjust our strategies, distributors must adopt, and are required to procuretheir subdistributors to adopt, our suggested retail prices for products. Distributors must obtain our consent before launching any distributor specificspecial offers.●Brand Management. Distributors must comply with our brand management policies and store management guidelines. We may impose penalties, forfeitureof deposit, suspend supply of products and terminate the agreement in the event of any breach of such policies.●Termination. We may generally terminate the distribution agreements and seek indemnification in the event of breach by distributors. In the event of sometypes of breach, we may not terminate the agreement but have other remedies. For example, if a distributor fails to order all products provided for under thedistributorship agreement, we may instead impose forfeiture of deposit or withhold certain benefits.When opening new retail stores, our distributors conduct research on the market potential of the proposed retail sites, after which they will provide us with anapplication for opening a new retail store. In reviewing applications, we consider factors including the store location, store layout, available area, marketopportunities, competitors and estimated sales. We conduct selected onsite investigations to verify applications filed by our distributors. Our retail stores aregenerally located in convenient retail locations in their respective cities and thus benefit from high volumes of pedestrian traffic.Effective monitoring of distributors and their retail stores is critical to our success. We have a team in our marketing, sales and distribution department to monitorour distributors’ and their subdistributors’ performance, who conduct onsite inspections of selected retail stores each quarter without prior notice to ensurecompliance with our store management guidelines. According to the results of our inspections, we, from time to time, make suggestions to our distributors withrespect to the opening or closure of their retail stores. Distributors also need to submit to us their annual/ semiannual plans to estimate their orders for the nextseason and their plan to improve the performance of existing retail stores or expand by opening new retail stores. This reporting system enables us to access uptodate sales projections of our distributors and their subdistributors, which reflects the overall level of retail sales of our products. It also provides us with theexpansion plan of each distributor which helps us prepare our overall development plan in a more accurate manner.We invite our distributors, as well as a select number of their subdistributors and retail store managers, to attend our sales fairs, which are held twice a year. Duringthe sales fairs, we discuss with our distributors and their subdistributors the upcoming product line. Apart from participating in two sales fairs each year, ourdistributors visit us from time to time and contact us as necessary, which allows us to have access to updated market information. We also provide training fordistributors and their subdistributors in the areas of sales techniques, customer service and product knowledge, typically prior to the launch of our new collectionseach year. We believe that these investments help to improve the operations of the sales network and provide additional valueadded services to retain ourdistributors and their subdistributors.The following table lists by region the number of retail stores operated by distributors and subdistributors as of December 31, 2018:LocationAs ofDecember 31,2018Fujian6Guangdong2Guangxi3Jiangsu4Anhui2Chongqing4Tianjin3Hebei4Sichuan4Total3233Table of ContentsPricing PolicyWe sell our products to our distributors at uniform discounts from our suggested retail prices. We have a suggested retail price policy that applies to all our storesto help maintain brand image, ensure consistent pricing levels from region to region and prevent price competition among our distributors. In determining our pricingstrategies, we take into account market supply and demand, production cost and the prices of our competitors’ similar products. Our sales representatives collectand record the retail prices of our products sold by our retailers. We analyze the information collected and engage in discussions with our distributors to ensure thatthey follow our pricing policy. See “Franchised Stores” above.ProductionOriginally located in Shishi City in Fujian Province and started production in 2006, our production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China.The facility currently has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famoussportswear producers. Our production facility was operating at full capacity between 2009 and 2012. In 2014, we produced about 0.39 million units at the operatingcapacity of 19.5%; while in 2015,we produced about 0.48 million units at the operating capacity of 24%. In 2016, we produced about 0.54 million units at the operatingcapacity of 27%.In 2017 and 2018, we produced about 0.30 million and 0.49 million units at the operating capacity of 15% and 25%. Since 2011, we have been negotiating with the local government to acquire land use rights for our current facility consisting of 110,557 square meters. We obtaineda portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square meters and 2,440 square meters in March 2012 and May 2012, respectively, and have finishedthe construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factoryin year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with localresidents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. While we cannot guaranteewhen and whether the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land will be eventually completed, we believe we will be in a better position toschedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Once completed, our total production capacity of the facility isexpected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.All of the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers bear the brand name KBS. As of December 31, 2018, we had 3 ODM contractmanufacturers and 3 OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had 3 and 6 OEM contract manufacturers, respectively. Oursourcing strategy is based upon the quality of fabrics and workmanship that our customers expect from the KBS brand. The costs of our outsourced productionamounted to approximately $8.38 million, $10.94 million and$26.1 million for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, accounting forapproximately 27.3%, 31% and 66.8% of our total cost of sales in the respective periods.As of December 31, 2018, our principal ODM and OEM contract suppliers included the following:No.1Bai Tian Ni (Fujian) Clothing fabric Co. Ltd2Shishi Hua Lai Shi Clothing Co. Ltd3Jinjiang City Hongtawanheng trading Co. Ltd4Fujian Gumaite Clothing Technology Co. Ltd5Shishi Rongpeng Clothing Co. Ltd6Hubei Mingyuan Clothing Co. LtdWe are not materially reliant on any single ODM or OEM contract supplier.34Table of ContentsInventory ManagementWe recognize that controlling the level of inventory is important to our overall operational efficiency and cost control. Based on the purchase orders our distributorsand the department store chains place at our biannual sales fairs, we are able to anticipate the demand for our products in advance and plan ahead for our ownmanufacturing and the orders we will be required to place with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We generally plan purchases of raw materials and placemanufacturing orders with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers immediately after each of our two seasonal sales fairs, usually in May for our autumn andwinter products and in October for our spring and summer products, where we confirm sales orders with our distributors and department store chains. This enablesus and our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to have sufficient time, ranging from two to eight weeks, to produce the products and provide our productssuitable for a specific season to our distributors and department store chains on a justintime basis so as to minimize our inventory levels. The alternative way tocontrol cost is when if we have chance to buy materials which the price is much lower than market price, we will buy it in advance and give to OEM contractmanufactures use our material to produce.Quality ControlProduct quality control is a critical aspect of our business. Our dedicated quality control team performs various quality inspection and testing procedures, includingrandom sample testing at different stages of our production process, to ensure that our products meet or exceed the expectations of our consumers. We also performroutine product inspections on every batch of our products and sample testing to ensure consistent quality of our products, including semifinished and finishedproducts.We have implemented a centralized system for procurement and inspection of raw materials and ancillary components to help ensure a stable and high qualitysupply. Those materials and components that fail to meet our tests may be returned to the suppliers for replacement. Our quality control team also carries out qualitycontrol procedures on the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We conduct onsite inspections of our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers before we enter into business relationships with them. We also send our inhouse quality control staff onsite to our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers to monitor the entire production process. The initial product inspections are performed onsite by our staff before these products are shipped to ourheadquarters for further inspection and storage in our warehouse. We also provide technical training to ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to assist them withquality control of the production processes and inspect preproduction samples and finished products from ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We have notencountered any material disruptions to our business as a result of the failure of any of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to meet our quality standards.In order to further improve the quality of our products and shorten our delivery cycle, we intend to increase our control over the manufacturing process andproduction cycle of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers, primarily by requiring our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to implement stricter and morecomprehensive quality control procedures, which cover each stage of the production process, from raw material selection and procurement to finished productspackaging and delivery. We also intend to apply more stringent standards for inspecting products manufactured for us by our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers.Marketing and AdvertisingWe have conducted multichannel marketing campaigns to advertise our products to our target customers through advertising in newspapers, magazines, theInternet, and billboards, and organizing regular and frequent instore marketing activities and road shows.We have implemented strict requirements on our distributors with respect to the display and promotion of our products to ensure consistent branding and enhancemarketing results. Our distributors are required to ensure that our marketing strategies are implemented at the retail outlets managed or authorized by them, includingdisplaying our products according to our specifications and using our billboard advertisements. We also assign sales representatives to monitor the instoredisplays of our products at various retail outlets on a regular basis to help ensure that our retailers have followed our product display policies.In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 our total advertising and promotional expenses amounted to approximately $1.21 million, $1.59 million and $1.55million, respectively, which accounted for approximately 6.6%, 7.5% and 3.8% of our revenues in the respective periods.35Table of ContentsCompetitionThe menswear industry in China is a fragmented industry. Competition mainly comes from local market players such as Exceed, Xiniya, Zuoan and Cabbeen. Webelieves that we differentiate ourselves by providing more fashionable, youngerlooking and leisure products, and competitive pricing without giving up the casualfeel of our products.We compete primarily on the basis of product design, brand recognition, operational efficiency and a low cost structure. Some of our domestic competitors have astronger customer base, greater resources and more industry expertise than us. However, we believe that we can continue to successfully compete with our localcompetitors due to our unique product designs.Intellectual PropertyWe currently have the licenses to use two registered trademarks in the PRC.The registered trademarks on which we have licenses are the following:TrademarkRegistration No.Valid TermKBS4342760Jan 1, 2019 August 28, 2028Ka bi sports5462336March 14, 2010 March 12,2020We believe that these trademarks provide significant value as they are important for marketing and building brand recognition. We are not aware of any third partycurrently using trademarks similar to our trademarks in the PRC on the same products.InsuranceWe do not have any business liability, interruption or litigation insurance coverage for our operations in China. Insurance companies in China offer limited businessinsurance products. While business interruption insurance is available to a limited extent in China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of suchinsurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance.Therefore, we are subject to business and product liability exposure. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—We have limited insurance coverage inChina and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses.”RegulationBecause our primary operating subsidiaries are located in China, we are subject to China’s national and local laws detailed below. We believe that we are in materialcompliance with all registrations and requirements for the issuance and maintenance of all licenses required by the governing bodies and that all license fees andfilings are current. This section summarizes the major PRC regulations relating to our business.Regulations Relating to Foreign InvestmentInvestment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are mainly governed by the Guidance Catalog of Industries for Foreign Investment (2017 revision), or theCatalog, which was promulgated jointly by MOFCOM and the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, on June 28, 2017 and entered into forceon July 28, 2017. The Catalog divides industries into four categories in terms of foreign investment, which are “encouraged,” “restricted,” and “prohibited,” and allindustries that are not listed under one of these categories are deemed to be “permitted.” Establishment of wholly foreignowned enterprises is generally allowed inencouraged and permitted industries. Some restricted industries are limited to equity or contractual joint ventures, while in some cases Chinese partners are requiredto hold the majority interests in such joint ventures. In addition, foreign investment in restricted category projects is subject to government approvals. Foreigninvestors are not allowed to invest in industries in the prohibited category. Industries not listed in the Catalogue are generally open to foreign investment unlessspecifically restricted by other PRC regulations.36Table of ContentsIn June 2018, MOFCOM and NDRC promulgated the Special Management Measures (Negative List) for the Access of Foreign Investment, or the Negative List,effective July 2018. The Negative List expands the scope of permitted industries by foreign investment by reducing the number of industries that fall within theNegative List where restrictions on the shareholding percentage or requirements on the composition of board or senior management still exists. Foreign investmentin valueadded telecommunications services (except for ecommerce) falls within the Negative List.In October 2016, MOFCOM issued the Interim Measures for Recordfiling Administration of the Establishment and Change of Foreigninvested Enterprises, or FIERecordfiling Interim Measures, most recently amended in July 2017. Pursuant to FIE Recordfiling Interim Measures, the establishment and change of foreigninvested enterprises are subject to recordfiling procedures, instead of prior approval requirements, provided that such establishment or change does not involvespecial entry administration measures. If the establishment or change of foreigninvested enterprises matters involve the special entry administration measures, theapproval of the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterparts is still required.Regulations Relating to Product QualityThe principal legal provisions governing product liability are set forth in the PRC Product Quality Law, which was promulgated in February 1993 by the SCNPC andamended in July 2000 and August 2009.The PRC Product Quality Law stipulates the responsibilities and obligations of product sellers and producers. Violations of the PRC Product Quality Law may resultin the imposition of fines. In addition, the seller or producer may be ordered to suspend its operations, and its business license may be revoked. There may also bePART IPART IIPART III20F 1 f20f2018_kbsfashiongroup.htm FORM 20FUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F(Mark One)☐REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ___________ to ___________OR¨SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report:Commission file number: 00135715KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)Not Applicable(Translation of Registrant’s Name Into English)Republic of the Marshall Islands(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)Xin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of China(Address of Principal Executive Offices)Mr. Keyan Yan, Chief Executive OfficerXin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of ChinaTel: + (86) 595 8889 6198Fax: (86) 595 8850 5328(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of Each ClassName of Each Exchange On Which RegisteredCommon Stock, $0.0001 par valueNASDAQ Capital MarketSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.Units, Common Stock Purchase Warrants(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.None(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report(December 31, 2018): 2,271,299Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐No ☒If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of“large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large Accelerated Filer ☐Accelerated Filer ☐NonAccelerated Filer ☒Emerging Growth Company☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting StandardsCodification after April 5, 2012.Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:U.S. GAAP ☐International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting StandardsBoard ☒Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ☐ Item17 ☐Item 18If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒Annual Report on Form 20FYear Ended December 31, 2018TABLE OF CONTENTSPageITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS2A.Directors and Senior Management2B.Advisors2C.Auditors2ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE2A.Offer Statistics2B.Method and Expected Timetable2ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATION2A.Selected Financial Data2B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY24A.History and Development of the Company24B.Business Overview26C.Organizational Structure42D.Property, Plants and Equipment43ITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS44ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS44A.Principal Factors Affecting Financial Performance45B.Liquidity and Capital Resources50C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.51D.Trend Information51E.Off Balance Sheet Arrangements51F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations52G.Safe Harbor62ITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES63A.Directors and Senior Management63B.Compensation64C.Board Practices65D.Employees66E.Share Ownership66ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS67A.Major Shareholders67B.Related Party Transactions67C.Interests of Experts and Counsel67iTable of ContentsITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATION67A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information67B.Significant Changes68ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTING68A.Offer and Listing Details68B.Plan of Distribution68C.Markets68D.Selling Shareholders68E.Dilution68F.Expenses of the Issue68ITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATION69A.Share Capital69B.Memorandum and Articles of Association69C.Material Contracts71D.Exchange Controls71E.Taxation74F.Dividends and Paying Agents79G.Statement by Experts79H.Documents on Display79I.Subsidiary Information79ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK79ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES80A.Debt Securities80B.Warrants and Rights80C.Other Securities80D.American Depositary Shares80ITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES81ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS81ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES81A.Disclosure Controls and Procedures81B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting81C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm81D.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting82ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT82ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICS82ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES82ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES82ITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS83ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT83ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCE83ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE83ITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 19.EXHIBITS84iiTable of ContentsINTRODUCTORY NOTESUse of Certain Defined TermsExcept as otherwise indicated by the context and for the purposes of this report only, references in this report to:●“KBS,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” are to KBS Fashion Group Ltd., a company organized in the Republic of the Marshall Islands;●““KBS International,” refers to KBS International Holding Inc., a Nevada corporation, which was dissolved in August 2014;●“Hongri PRC,” refers to Hongri (Fujian) Sports Goods Co., Ltd., which is our wholly owned subsidiary organized in the PRC;●“Hongri International” are to Hongri International Holdings Limited, which is our wholly owned subsidiary and a company organized in the BVI;●“BVI” are to the British Virgin Islands;●“Hong Kong” are to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China;●“PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China;●“SEC” are to the Securities and Exchange Commission;●“Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;●“Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;●“Renminbi” and “RMB” are to the legal currency of China; and●“U.S. dollars,” “dollars” and “$” are to the legal currency of the United States.ForwardLooking InformationIn addition to historical information, this report contains forwardlooking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of theExchange Act. We use words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “target,” “plan,” “optimistic,” “intend,” “aim,” “will” or similar expressions whichare intended to identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, among others, those concerning market and industry segment growth and demandand acceptance of new and existing products; any projections of sales, earnings, revenue, margins or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategiesand objectives of management for future operations; and any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, as well as all assumptions,expectations, predictions, intentions or beliefs about future events. You are cautioned that any such forwardlooking statements are not guarantees of futureperformance and involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions, which, if they were to ever materialize or prove incorrect, could cause the results of theCompany to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forwardlooking statements. Potential risks and uncertainties include, among other things, thepossibility that we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues and profits due to our failure to anticipate consumer preferences and develop newmenswear products, our failure to execute our business expansion plan, changes in domestic and foreign laws, regulations and taxes, changes in economicconditions, uncertainties related to China’s legal system and economic, political and social events in China, a general economic downturn, a downturn in thesecurities markets, and other risks and uncertainties which are generally set forth under Item 3 “Key information—D. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and our other filings with the SEC. These reports attempt toadvise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects. The forwardlookingstatements made in this report speak only as of the date hereof and we disclaim any obligation, except as required by law, to provide updates, revisions oramendments to any forwardlooking statements to reflect changes in our expectations or future events.On February 3, 2017, approved by the shareholders, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen (1for15) reverse stock split of the Company’s issued andoutstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided that shareholders are entitled to receive the number ofshares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Stock Market on a splitadjusted basis when themarket opened on February 9, 2017. All references in this report to share and per share data have been adjusted, including historical data which have beenretroactively adjusted, to give effect to the reverse stock split unless specified otherwise.1Table of ContentsPART IITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERSA.Directors and Senior ManagementNot applicable.B.AdvisorsNot applicable.C.AuditorsNot applicable.ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLEA.Offer StatisticsNot applicable.B.Method and Expected TimetableNot applicable.ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATIONA.Selected Financial DataThe following table presents selected financial data regarding our business. It should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and relatednotes contained elsewhere in this annual report and the information under Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” The selected consolidatedstatements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, and the selected consolidated statements of financialposition data as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are included in this annual reportbeginning on page F1. The selected consolidated statements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the selectedconsolidated statements of financial position data as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements thatare not included in this annual report.Our consolidated financial statements were prepared and presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by theInternational Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The selected financial data information is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the historicalconsolidated financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere herein. The financial statements contained elsewhere fully represent our financial conditionand operations; however, they are not indicative of our future performance.2Table of ContentsYears ended December 31,20182017201620152014Statement of Income DataTotal revenue$18,535,116$23,762,536$41,200,205$61,343,681$58,832,481Total cost of sales(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)(46,511,274)(39,416,973)Gross profit(2,316,136)(11,511,816)2,158,27214,832,40719,415,508Distribution and selling expenses(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)(6,621,256)(7,191,606)Administrative expenses(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)2,798,082(4,649,229)Profit for the year(17,968,597)(14,815,596)(11,902,688)1,243,6706,876,982Total comprehensive income for the year(20,040,295)(10,004,880)(18,028,121)(4,801,102)6,526,172Outstanding shares2,299,9151,860,8311,750,1421,694,4891,694,489Earnings per share, basic diluted8.067.966.800.734.06Balance Sheet DataCash and cash equivalents$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,341$21,214,080$20,604,583Noncurrent assets29,837,87540,966,31934,754,94247,221,52952,929,386Current assets31,328,13140,343,38656,343,82362,098,95162,093,570Working capital24,463,44633,060,87748,647,18553,598,85452,704,076Total assets61,166,00681,309,70591,098,765109,310,480115,022,956Current liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,500,0979,389,493Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,503,5069,404,880Equity54,301,32174,027,19683,402,127100,816,974105,618,076B.Capitalization and IndebtednessNot applicable.C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of ProceedsNot applicable.D.Risk FactorsAn investment in our capital stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the otherinformation included in this annual report, before making an investment decision. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial conditionor results of operations could suffer. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.3Table of ContentsRISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSGeneral economic conditions, including a prolonged weakness in the economy, may affect consumer discretionary spending, which could adversely affect ourbusiness and financial performance.The apparel industry has historically been subject to substantial cyclical variations. Our business and financial performance are dependent on a number of factorsimpacting consumer discretionary spending, including general economic and business conditions; consumer confidence; wages and employment levels; thehousing market; consumer debt levels; availability of consumer credit; credit and interest rates; fuel and energy costs; energy shortages; taxes; general politicalconditions, both domestic and abroad. Consumer product purchases, including purchases of our products, may decline during recessionary periods. Our ability toaccess the capital markets may be restricted at a time when we would like, or need, to raise capital, which could impair on our ability to open additional stores orbuild additional manufacturing lines. In addition, as domestic and international economic conditions change, trends in consumer spending on discretionary items,including our merchandise, become unpredictable and subject to reductions due to economic uncertainties. A prolonged economic recovery or an uncertain outlookin the economy could result in additional declines in consumer discretionary spending, which could materially affect our financial performance.A contraction in apparel sales and production could impair our results of operations and liquidity and jeopardize our supply base.Apparel sales and production are cyclical and depend, among other things, on general economic conditions and consumer spending and preferences. As thevolume of apparel production fluctuates, the demand for our products also fluctuates. A contraction in apparel sales could harm our results of operations andliquidity. In addition, our suppliers would also be subject to many of the same consequences which could pressure their results of operations and liquidity.Depending on an individual supplier’s financial condition and access to capital, its viability could be challenged which could impact its ability to perform as weexpect and consequently our ability to meet our own commitments.If we are unable to anticipate consumer preferences and develop new menswear products, we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues andprofits.Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define apparel trends as well as to anticipate, gauge and react to changing consumer demands formenswear in a timely manner. Our target market of consumers comprises urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 with moderatetohigh levels of disposableincome. Our business is particularly sensitive to their fashion preferences, which cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumeracceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, and our future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes. If we failto anticipate accurately and respond to trends and shifts in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing product offerings, developing new products,designs, styles and categories, we could experience lower sales, excess inventories and lower profit margins. In a distressed economic and retail environment, manyof our competitors may engage in aggressive activities, such as markdowns or other promotional sales to dispose of excess, slowmoving inventory, furtherincreasing the need to react appropriately to changing consumer preferences and fashion trends. Failure to do so could adversely affect the level of acceptance ofour products, our brand image and our relationship with our distributors, and therefore have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results ofoperations.The apparel industry is highly competitive, and if we fail to compete effectively, we could lose our market position.The menswear industry is highly competitive in China and worldwide. We compete with various domestic brands with similar business models and target markets.We also compete with a growing number of international brands trying to expand their market share in China to take advantage of rising consumer spending oncasual menswear. Our primary international and domestic competitors include Exceed, Xiniya, Cabbeen, GXG and NQ. Some of our competitors are significantlylarger and have greater financial resources than we do. In order to compete effectively, we must: (1) maintain the image of our brands and our reputation forinnovation and high quality; (2) be flexible and innovative in responding to rapidly changing market demands on the basis of brand image, style, performance andquality; and (3) offer consumers a wide variety of high quality products at competitive prices.4Table of ContentsThe purchasing decisions of consumers are highly subjective and can be influenced by many factors, such as brand image, marketing programs and productfeatures. Some of our competitors enjoy competitive advantages, including greater brand recognition and greater financial resources for competitive activities, suchas sales, marketing and strategic acquisitions. The number of our direct competitors and the intensity of competition may increase as we expand into other productlines or as other companies expand into our product lines. Our competitors may enter into business combinations or alliances that strengthen their competitivepositions or prevent us from taking advantage of such combinations or alliances. Our competitors also may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than wecan to new or changing opportunities, standards or consumer preferences. Our results of operations and market position may be adversely impacted by ourcompetitors and the competitive pressures in the menswear industries.Failure to effectively promote or develop our brand could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.We sell all our products under the KBS brand, from which we derive most of our revenues. Brand image is an important factor that affects a customer’s purchasingdecision for menswear products. Our success therefore depends on, among other things, market recognition and acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture,lifestyle, and images associated with the brand, some of which may not be within our control. We have limited control over our distributors that we rely upon to sellour products, which may limit our ability to ensure a consistent brand image. See “Risks Factors Related to Our Business –We have limited control over the ultimateretail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhere to, or fail to cause the third party retail outletoperators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.” We began designing, promoting, and selling KBS branded products in China in 2006. To effectivelypromote KBS brand, we need build and maintain the brand image by focusing on a variety of promotional and marketing activities to promote brand awareness, aswell as to increase its presence in the markets in which we compete. There is no assurance that we will be able to effectively promote or develop KBS brand, and ifwe fail to do so, the goodwill of KBS brand may be undermined and our business as well as our financial results may be adversely affected. In addition, negativepublicity or disputes regarding KBS brand, products, company, or management could materially and adversely affect public perception of KBS brand. Any impact onour ability to continue to sell KBS brand or any significant damage to KBS brand’s image could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends on the continued service of our senior executives and other key employees. In particular, we rely on the expertise, experience,and business contacts, of Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ms. Lixia Tu, our Director and Chief Financial Officer and Mr. ThemisKalapotharakos, our director. If one or more of our senior executives are unable or unwilling to continue to work for us in their present positions, we may have tospend a considerable amount of time and resources searching, recruiting, and integrating the replacements into our operations, which would substantially divertmanagement’s attention from and severely disrupt the Company business. This may also adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategy. Moreover, ifany of our senior executives joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, suppliers and key employees.Failure to execute our business expansion plan could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.A large part of our initial growth resulted from an increase in the number of our retail sales outlets, including corporate and franchised stores, and the increased salesvolume and profitability provided by these sales outlets. The number of our sales outlets increased from 8 in 2006 to 33 in year 2018.5Table of ContentsWe have our factory located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China, consisting of an aggregate of 110,457 square meters of land. Currently the facility there has aproduction capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year and can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces original equipmentmanufacturer (OEM) products for online stores, regional apparel brands and overseas orders. The construction commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases:Phase 1 consists of the construction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We havecompleted the construction of facilities of Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Phase 3 construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has beendelayed because the local government needs additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Because the time forthe government to resolve this matter is uncertain, we wrote off the land use right of the third parcel of land from account balance, according to the internationalframework reporting standard. Phase 4 includes building production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quartersand living facilities on the third parcel of land. As a result, our commitments to this facility may reduce our liquidity for an indefinite period and until it is completed.We could also indefinitely lose opportunities to expand our sales due to any further delay of our construction.The decision to increase our production capacity was based in part on our projections of market demand for our products and OEM orders from other brand nameowners. If actual customer demand does not meet our projections, we will likely suffer overcapacity problems and may have to leave capacity idle or need to contractout our facilities at an unfavorable price, which may reduce our overall profitability and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our futuresuccess depends on our ability to expand the Company’s business to address growth in demand for our current and future products.Our ability to expand the Company’s business is subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including:●the unavailability of additional funding to invest more in brand recognition such as advertisement, expand our production capacity, purchase additionalfixed assets and purchase raw materials on favorable terms or at all;●our inability to manage an online shop, hire qualified personnel and establish distribution methods;●conditions in the commercial real estate market existing at the time we seek to expand;●delays and cost overruns as a result of a number of factors, many of which may be beyond our control, such as problems with equipment vendors andcontract manufacturers;●failure to maintain high quality control standards;●shortage of raw materials;●our inability to obtain, or delays in obtaining, required approvals by relevant government authorities;●diversion of significant management attention and other resources; and●failure to execute our expansion plan effectively.The expansion of our business may place significant strain on our personnel, management, financial systems and operational infrastructure and may impede ourability to meet any increased demand for our products. To accommodate the Company’s growth, we will need to implement a variety of new and upgradedoperational and financial systems, procedures, and controls, including improvements to our accounting and other internal management systems, by dedicatingadditional resources to our reporting and accounting function and improvements to our record keeping and contract tracking system. We will also need to recruitmore personnel and train and manage our growing employee base. Furthermore, we will need to maintain and expand relationships with our current and futurecustomers, suppliers, distributors and other third parties, and there is no guarantee that we will succeed.In the future, we also intend to invest more resources to research and purchase online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that we will have betteropportunities to expand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores. In addition, we will keep on exploring other areas and business models, such as theuse of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends.If we encounter any of the risks described above or if we are otherwise unable to establish or successfully operate online shops or additional production capacity,we may be unable to grow our business and revenues, reduce our operating costs, maintain our competitiveness or improve our profitability and, consequently, ourbusiness, financial condition, results of operations and prospects will be adversely affected.6Table of ContentsIf we are unable to fund capital expenditures or obtain additional sources of liquidity when we need it, our business may be adversely affected. In addition, ifwe obtain equity financing, the issuance of our equity securities could cause dilution for our stockholders. To the extent we obtain the financing through theissuance of debt securities, our debt service obligations could increase, and we may become subject to restrictive operating and financial covenants.We anticipate that we will make substantial capital investments to expand our business within the next 3 years. There is no assurance that we will have sufficientcash to fund our anticipated capital expenditures. If we need but are unable to obtain adequate financing with on terms favorable to us, we may be unable tosuccessfully maintain our operations and accomplish our growth strategy. In addition, we may be unable to generate sufficient cash internally or obtain alternativesources of capital to fund our proposed capital expenditures, take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures. As a result, we mayseek to sell additional equity securities, debt securities, or borrow from lending institutions. Any issuance of equity securities could cause dilution for ourstockholders. Any incurrence of indebtedness could increase our debt service obligations and cause us to be subject to restrictive operating and financecovenants. Our ability to obtain external financing in the future is also subject to a number of uncertainties, including:●Our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;●general market conditions for financing activities by companies in our industry;●economic, political and other conditions in China and elsewhere; and●uncertain economic prospect and tightened credit markets resulting from the recent global economic slowdown and financial market crisis.If we are unable to obtain funding in a timely manner or on commercially acceptable terms, or at all, our growth prospects and future profitability may be materiallyadversely affected. Adverse changes in the capital markets could make it difficult to obtain capital or obtain it at attractive rates.Our past results may not be indicative of our future performance and evaluating our business and prospects may be difficult.Our business has gone through various stages of the business life cycle in recent years as demonstrated by our growth in net sales, which reached $99.6 million forthe year ended December 31, 2013, while in 2014 our net sales decreased by 40% to $58.8 million and in year 2015 net sales went up slightly by 4.3% to $61.3 million,our net sales decreased by 32.8% to $41.2 million in 2016, net sales decreased 42% to $23.8 million in 2017 and net sales further decreased 22% to $18.53 million in2018. The decrease in sales in 2016, 2017 and 2018 as compared with 2013 was mainly due to the slowdown of the Chinese economic growth and a challenging retailenvironment. As a result, we cannot assure that we will be able to achieve similar growth in future periods as recent years before 2014, and our historical operatingresults may not provide a meaningful basis for evaluating our business, financial performance and prospects. Moreover, our ability to achieve satisfactoryproduction results at higher volumes is unproven. Therefore, you should not rely on our past results or our historical rate of growth as an indication of our futureperformance.We experience fluctuations in operating results.Our annual and quarterly operating results have fluctuated, and are expected to continue to fluctuate. Among the factors that may cause our operating results tofluctuate are customers’ response to merchandise offerings, the timing of the rollout of new sales outlets, seasonal variations in sales, the timing of merchandisereceipts, the level of merchandise returns, changes in merchandise mix and presentation, our cost of merchandise, unanticipated operating costs, and other factorsbeyond our control, such as general economic conditions and actions of competitors.We have historically experienced seasonal fluctuations in our sales. A substantial portion of our revenues are typically earned during the second and fourthquarters and we generally experience lowest revenues during the first and third quarters. If sales during the second and fourth quarters are lower than expected, ouroperating results would be adversely affected, and it would have a disproportionately large impact on our annual operating results. The sales of our products arealso affected by local spending behavior, which are typically affected by seasonal shopping patterns during major Chinese holidays.7Table of ContentsAs a result of these factors, we believe that periodtoperiod comparisons of historical and future results will not necessarily be meaningful and should not be reliedon as an indication of future performance.Our failure to collect the trade receivables or untimely collection could affect our liquidity.Our distributors place advance purchase orders twice a year. From 2015 to 2018, we typically expect and receive payment within 30180 days of product delivery. Inaddition, approximately 83.2% of accounts receivables are within a 180 days credit term. Starting in September 2015, we extended credit to some of our customers to150180 days without requiring collaterals. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of the financial condition of our customers and we generally require no collateralfrom our distributors and authorized retailers to secure their payment obligations. However, our sales going forward may rely more heavily on credit, and if weencounter future problems collecting amounts due from our clients or if we experience delays in the collection of amounts due from our clients, our liquidity could benegatively affected.The Chinese economy experienced a softening of economic growth, and the apparel industry is also facing a downturn. The impact of the current and possiblefuture economic downturn on our distributors cannot be predicted and may be severe, causing a significant impact on their business. As a result, our financialcondition and result of operations could be negatively affected. In addition, if they cannot continue their orders of our products due to the failure of paying us forits previous purchases, our brand image and reputation may be materially negatively affected as well.We rely on distributors for a substantial portion of our sales and the loss of any of our large distributors would harm our business. A substantial portion of our sales are made to distributors that resell our products. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, distributors accounted forapproximately 67% and 73% of our total sales, respectively, and our top five distributors accounted for approximately 23.8% and 34.8% of our total sales,respectively. The marketing efforts of our distributors are critical for our success. If we fail to attract additional distributors, and our existing distributors do notpromote our products at the same or at a greater level than the products of our competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could beadversely affected.Furthermore, there is no assurance that any of our distributors will satisfy the sales targets set forth in their distribution agreements and we or they may not wish torenew the distribution agreements in future years. Moreover, our distributors are not obliged to continue to place orders with the Company at the same level asbefore or at all and there is no assurance that we would be able to obtain orders from other distributors to replace any such lost sales on terms satisfactory to us orall. If any of our largest distributors substantially reduces its purchases from us, or otherwise fails to renew its distribution agreement with us, we may suffer asignificant loss of sales and our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We have limited control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhereto, or fail to cause the third party retail outlet operators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.We rely on the contractual obligations set forth in the distribution agreements that we enter into with our distributors, as well as policies and standards we formulatefrom time to time, to impose our retail policies on these distributors in respect of the franchisee retail outlets. In addition, as we do not enter into any agreementswith the third party retail outlet operators, we rely on our distributors to ensure that these franchisee retail outlets operate in accordance with our retail policies. Assuch, our control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and the franchisee retail outlet operators is limited. There is no assurance that our distributors orthe third party franchisee retail outlet operators will comply with, or that the distributors will enforce, our retail policies. As a result, we may not be able to effectivelymanage our sales network or maintain a uniform brand image, and cannot assure you that franchisee retail outlets would continue to offer quality services toconsumers.8Table of ContentsIn addition, if any of the distributors or third party franchisee retail outlet operators experiences difficulties in selling our products in the retail market, they mayattempt to disregard our pricing policies and liquidate their excessive inventory buildup through aggressive discounts, which may damage the image and the valueof our brand. There is no assurance that we will be able to, in a timely manner, impose penalties on or replace any distributors who consistently fail to comply with,or fail to cause the third party franchisee retail outlet operators appointed by them to comply with, our retail policies in their operation of franchisee retail outlets. Insuch event, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We may not be able to accurately track the inventory levels at our distributors, retailers or department store concessions.Our ability to track the sales by our distributors to thirdparty retailers and the ultimate retail sales by the retailers, and consequently their respective inventorylevels, is limited. We implement a policy to require our distributors to provide us with their sales reports on a weekly basis and we carry out random onsiteinspections of our distributors to track their inventories. The purpose of tracking the inventory level is mainly to gather information regarding the market acceptanceof our products so that we can reflect consumers’ preferences in the design and development of our products for the next season. The tracking of inventory levelalso helps us to understand the market recognition of our products in a particular region, and thus allows us to adjust our marketing strategy if necessary. Theimplementation of the policy, however, requires the distributors to accurately report the relevant data to us in a timely manner, which is largely dependent on thecooperation of the Company’s distributors. We may not always obtain the required data in time and the data provided to us by our distributors may be inaccurate orincomplete.Inaccurate, mistaken, incomplete or delayed data regarding inventory levels may mislead the Company to make wrong business judgments for its production,marketing efforts and sales strategies. If that happens, our operations and financial results may be materially adversely affected. In addition, if we cannot manageinventory levels properly, future orders of our products may be reduced, which would materially adversely affect our future business, financial condition, results ofoperation and prospects.Our operations could be materially adversely affected if we fail to effectively manage our relationships with, or lose the services of, our OEM contractmanufacturers.The production of our brand name products are 100% outsourced to PRCbased thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2018 and2017 we had 5 and 6 contract manufacturers, respectively. Purchases from our top five OEM contract manufacturers accounted for approximately 92% and 88.6% ofour total purchases for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As we do not enter into longterm contracts with our OEM contractmanufacturers, they may decide not to accept our future OEM orders on the same or similar terms, or at all. If an OEM contract manufacturer decides to substantiallyreduce its volume of supply to us or to terminate its business relationship with us, we may not be able to find a proper replacement in a timely manner and may beforced to default on the agreements with our distributors that sell our products. This may negatively impact our revenues and adversely affect our reputation andrelationships with our distributors that sell our products, causing a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.Further, if any of our OEM contract manufacturers fails to provide the required number of products meeting our quality standards, we may have to delay delivery ofproducts to our distributors, become unable to supply products at all, or even recall products previously dispatched. This could cause the Company to loserevenues or market share and damage our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operationsand prospects. In addition, some OEM contract manufacturers may not fully comply with certain laws, such as labor and environmental laws. If any of our OEMcontract manufacturers is found to have violated laws and regulations in the PRC, media reports on such violations may negatively affect our reputation and image,resulting in material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.9Table of ContentsWhile we provide the designs of our products to the OEM contract manufacturers, as well as guidance for manufacturing the products ordered by us, we do nothave direct control over the OEM contract manufacturers. If any of them is involved in unauthorized production and sale of goods using the KBS brand, ourreputation, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.As the Company grows, our reliance on OEM contract manufacturers may also grow as our added production capacity may not be sufficient to keep pace with theincreased production requirements driven by our growth. We may not be able to find sufficient additional OEM contract manufacturers to produce our products onthe same or similar terms as our existing OEM contract manufacturers, and we may not be able to achieve our growth and development goals.Any interruption in our operations could impair our financial performance and negatively affect our brand. Our operations are complicated and integrated, involving the coordination of thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers and external distribution processes. Whilethese operations are modified on a regular basis in an effort to improve outsourcing and distribution efficiency and flexibility, we may experience difficulties incoordinating the various aspects of our operations processes, thereby causing downtime and delays. In addition, we may encounter interruption in our operationsprocesses due to a catastrophic loss or events beyond our control, such as fires, explosions, labor disturbances or violent weather conditions. Any interruptions inour operations or capabilities at our facilities could result in our inability to procure our products, which would reduce our net sales and earnings for the affectedperiod. If there are delays in delivery times to our customers, our business and reputation could be severely affected. Any significant delays in deliveries to ourcustomers could lead to increased returns or cancellations and cause the Company to lose future sales. The Company currently does not have business interruptioninsurance to offset these potential losses, delays and risks so a material interruption of our business operations could severely damage our business.We rely heavily on our management information system for inventory management, distribution and other functions. If our system fail to perform thesefunctions adequately or if we experience an interruption in our operation, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. The efficient operation of our business is dependent on our management information systems. We rely heavily on our management information systems to manageour order entry, order fulfillment, pricing, pointofsale and inventory replenishment processes. We cannot assure you that our management information system will operate properly or without interruption. Any malfunction to any part or all of our managementinformation system for a prolonged period may cause delays in operations or impairment of our overall business efficiency. We also cannot ensure that the level ofsecurity currently maintained will be sufficient to protect the system from third party intrusions, viruses, lost or stolen data, or similar situations. Additionally, aspart of our growth and development strategy over the next few years, we plan to upgrade and improve our management information system. We cannot assure youthat there will be no interruptions to our management information system during the upgrades or that the new management information system will be able tointegrate fully with the existing information system. The failure of our management information system to perform as we anticipate could disrupt our business and could result in decreased revenue, increased overheadcosts and excess or outofstock inventory levels, causing our business and results of operations to suffer materially. Failure to protect the integrity, security and use of our customers’ information and media could expose us to litigation and materially damage our standingwith our customers. Increasing costs associated with information security — such as increased investment in technology, the costs of compliance with consumer protection laws andcosts resulting from consumer fraud — could cause our business and results of operations to suffer materially. While we have taken significant steps to protectcustomer and confidential information, including entering into confidentiality agreements with relevant employees and incorporate confidentiality clauses in ourpolicies, there can be no assurance that advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments will prevent thecompromise of our customer transaction processing capabilities and personal data. If any such compromise of our security were to occur, it could have a materialadverse effect on our reputation, operating results and financial condition. Any such compromise may materially increase the costs we incur to protect against suchinformation security breaches and could subject us to additional legal risk. Procurement specialists and managers are required to sign a confidentiality agreement. 10Table of ContentsWe have limited insurance coverage in China and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses. Operation of our facilities involves many risks, including equipment failures, natural disasters, industrial accidents, power outages, labor disturbances and otherbusiness interruptions. We do not carry any business interruption insurance, product recall or thirdparty liability insurance for our production facilities or withrespect to our products to cover claims pertaining to personal injury or property or environmental damage arising from defects in our products, product recalls,accidents on our property or damage relating to our operations. While business interruption insurance and other types of insurance are available to a limited extentin China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of such insurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commerciallyreasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Therefore, our existing insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all risks associatedwith our business. As a result, we may be required to pay for financial and other losses, damages and liabilities, including those caused by natural disasters andother events beyond our control, out of our own funds, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our inability to protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights may prevent us from successfully marketing our products and competingeffectively. We believe our trademarks and other intellectual property rights are important to our success and competitive position and recognize the importance of registeringthe trademarks related to our KBS brand for protection against infringement. We currently hold two registered trademarks. Failure to protect our intellectual propertycould harm our brand and our reputation, and adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. Further, enforcing or defending our intellectual property rights,including our trademarks, patents, copyrights and trade secrets, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. We produce, marketand sell our products under registered trademarks. We regard our intellectual property, particularly our trademarks and trade secrets to be of considerable value andimportance to our business and our success. We rely on a combination of trademark, patent, and trade secrecy laws, and contractual provisions to protect ourintellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect these proprietary rights will be adequate or that third parties will notinfringe or misappropriate our trademarks, trade secrets or similar proprietary rights. In addition, there can be no assurance that other parties will not assertinfringement claims against us, and we may have to pursue litigation against other parties to assert our rights. Any such claim or litigation could be costly, and wemay lack the resources required to defend against such claims. In addition, any event that would jeopardize our proprietary rights or any claims of infringement bythird parties could have a material adverse effect on our ability to market or sell our brands, and profitably exploit our products.Environmental regulations impose substantial costs and limitations on our operations. We use chemicals and produce significant emissions in our manufacturing operations. As such, we are subject to various national and local environmental laws andregulations in China concerning issues such as air emissions, wastewater discharges, and solid waste management and disposal. These laws and regulations canrestrict or limit our operations and expose us to liability and penalties for noncompliance. While we believe that our facilities are in material compliance with allapplicable environmental laws and regulations, the risks of substantial unanticipated costs and liabilities related to compliance with these laws and regulations arean inherent part of our business. It is possible that future conditions may develop, arise or be discovered that create new environmental compliance or remediationliabilities and costs. While we believe that we can comply with existing environmental legislation and regulatory requirements and that the costs of compliance havebeen included within budgeted cost estimates, compliance may prove to be more limiting and costly than anticipated.We may be unable to establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, and, as a result, we may be unable to accuratelyreport our financial results or prevent fraud.We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities law. The SEC as required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (“SOX 404”), adoptedrules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal control over financial reporting in its annual report, which mustalso contain management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, the independent registered publicaccounting firm auditing the financial statements of a company that is not a nonaccelerated filer under Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act must also attest to theoperating effectiveness of the company’s internal controls.11Table of ContentsFailure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could result in our inability to accurately report our financial results, prevent or detect fraudor provide timely and reliable financial and other information pursuant to the reporting obligations we have as a public company, which could have a materialadverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, it could cause our investors to lose confidence in the information we report,which could adversely affect our stock price.RISKS RELATED TO DOING BUSINESS IN CHINAOur business operation may be affected if we are forced to relocate our manufacturing facilities and stores.We leased the premises for our office located in Shishi and one corporate store. However, none of our lease agreements have been registered with the relevantgovernmental agencies. According to our PRC legal counsel, without registration, our rights to use and occupy the premises may not be secured if any third partiessuch as other tenants who have registered their lease agreements challenge us under PRC law. Moreover, while we have taken various measures to verify theownership of property such as checking utility bills and search government records, most of our landlords have declined to confirm whether they possess theproperty ownership certificates and land use rights certificates for our properties. As a result, we have been unable to verify whether third parties may assert theirownership rights under PRC law against most of our landlords or challenge most of our leases in the future. If our rights to use the premises are challenged, we maybe forced to relocate to other premises. We may not be able to relocate to a suitable premise promptly or lease alternative premises on terms at least as favorable asour existing ones. In addition, relocation costs and interruption of production may have a material adverse effect on our business operation and financialperformance.Changes in the economic and political policies of the PRC government could have a material and adverse effect on our business and operations.We conduct substantially all our business operations in China. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are significantly dependenton economic and political developments in China. China’s economy differs from the economies of developed countries in many aspects, including the level ofdevelopment, growth rate and degree of government control over foreign exchange and allocation of resources. While China’s economy has experienced significantgrowth in the past 30 years, the growth has been uneven across different regions and periods and among various economic sectors in China. We cannot assure youthat China’s economy will continue to grow, or that if there is growth, such growth will be steady and uniform, or that if there is a slowdown, such slowdown will nothave a negative effect on its business and results of operations.The PRC government exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, control over payment of foreign currencydenominated obligations, implementation of monetary policy, and preferential treatment of particular industries or companies. Certain measures adopted by the PRCgovernment may restrict loans to certain industries, such as changes in the statutory deposit reserve ratio and lending guidelines for commercial banks by thePeople’s Bank of China, or PBOC. These current and future government actions could materially affect our liquidity, access to capital, and ability to operate ourbusiness.The global financial markets experienced significant disruptions in 2008 and the United States, Europe and other economies went into recession. Since 2012, growthof the Chinese economy has slowed. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources.Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy but may also have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operation could bematerially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, any stimulusmeasures designed to boost the Chinese economy, may contribute to higher inflation, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.See “Risks Related to Doing Business in China Future inflation in China may inhibit our ability to conduct business in China.”12Table of ContentsUncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the legal protections available to you and us.We conduct substantially all of our business through our operating subsidiaries in the PRC. Our operating subsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulationsapplicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws applicable to foreigninvested enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes, andprior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, a series of new PRC laws and regulations have significantlyenhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, since the PRC legal system continues to evolve rapidly, theinterpretations of many laws, regulations, and rules are not always uniform, and enforcement of these laws, regulations, and rules involve uncertainties, which maylimit legal protections available to you and us. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources andmanagement attention. In addition, most of our executive officers and directors are residents of China and not of the United States, and substantially all the assets ofthese persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it could be difficult for investors to affect service of process in the United States or to enforce ajudgment obtained in the United States against our Chinese operations and subsidiaries.You may have difficulty enforcing judgments against us.Most of our assets are located outside of the United States and most of our current operations are conducted in the PRC. In addition, most of our directors andofficers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons is located outside the UnitedStates. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce inU.S. courts judgments on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, most of whom are not residents inthe United States and the substantial majority of whose assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts ofthe PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts. Our counsel as to PRC law has advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgmentsare provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. Courts in China may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRCCivil Procedures Law based on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have anytreaties or other arrangements that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments with the United States. In addition, according to thePRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violatesbasic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security, or the public interest. So, it is uncertain whether a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by acourt in the United States.The PRC government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities.The PRC government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and stateownership. Our ability to operate in China may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, import and export tariffs,environmental regulations, land use rights, property, and other matters. We believe that our operations in China are in material compliance with all applicable legaland regulatory requirements. However, the central or local governments of the jurisdictions in which we operate may impose new, stricter regulations orinterpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations orinterpretations.Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision not to continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more centrally plannedeconomy or regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant effect on economic conditions in China or particularregions thereof and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then hold in Chinese properties or joint venturesRestrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our sales effectively. The majority of our sales will be settled in RMB and U.S. dollars, and any future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit our ability to use revenue generated inRMB to fund any future business activities outside China or to make dividend or other payments in U.S. dollars. Although the Chinese government introducedregulations in 1996 to allow greater convertibility of the RMB for current account transactions, significant restrictions still remain, including primarily the restrictionthat foreigninvested enterprises may only buy, sell or remit foreign currencies after providing valid commercial documents, at those banks in China authorized toconduct foreign exchange business. In addition, conversion of RMB for capital account items, including direct investment and loans, is subject to governmentalapproval in China, and companies are required to open and maintain separate foreign exchange accounts for capital account items. We cannot be certain that theChinese regulatory authorities will not impose more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of the RMB in the future.13Table of ContentsFluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.The value of our securities will be indirectly affected by the foreign exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and RMB and between those currencies and othercurrencies in which our sales may be denominated. Appreciation or depreciation in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial resultsreported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations. Fluctuations in the exchange rate will alsoaffect the relative value of any dividend we issue that will be exchanged into U.S. dollars, as well as earnings from, and the value of, any U.S. dollardenominatedinvestments we make in the future.Since July 2005, the RMB has no longer been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Since then the RMB has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly andunpredictably, and in recent years the RMB has depreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progresstowards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate systemand there is no guarantee that the RMB will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how marketforces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future.Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedgingtransactions. While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited, and we may not beable to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition, our foreign currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrictour ability to convert RMB into foreign currencies. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends and other distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you, and otherwise fund and conduct our business. Substantially all of our sales are earned by our PRC subsidiaries. However, PRC regulations restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make dividends and otherpayments to their offshore parent companies. PRC legal restrictions permit payments of dividends by our PRC subsidiaries only out of their accumulated aftertaxprofits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are also required under PRC laws and regulations toallocate at least 10% of their annual aftertax profits determined in accordance with PRC GAAP to a statutory general reserve fund until the amounts in said fundreaches 50% of their registered capital. Allocations to these statutory reserve funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not transferable to us in the formof loans, advances, or cash dividends. Any limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to transfer funds to us could materially and adversely limit our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends and otherwise fund and conduct our business.PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary toliability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital ordistribute profits.SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing andRoundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as “SAFECircular 75” promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of the SAFE in connection with theirdirect establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets orequity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a “special purpose vehicle.” SAFE Circular 37 furtherrequires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capitalcontributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in aspecial purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profitdistributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent crossborder foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted inits ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described abovecould result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for theForeign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015 by SAFE, local banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration foroverseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under SAFE Circular 37 from June 1, 2015.14Table of ContentsAccording to SAFE Circular 37, our shareholders or beneficial owners, who are PRC residents, are subject to SAFE Circular 37 or other foreign exchangeadministrative regulations in respect of their investment in our company. We have notified substantial beneficial owners of ordinary shares who we know are PRCresidents of their filing obligations. Nevertheless, we may not be aware of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. We do not havecontrol over our beneficial owners and there can be no assurance that all of our PRCresident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE Circular 37 and subsequentimplementation rules, and there is no assurance that the registration under SAFE Circular 37 and any amendment will be completed in a timely manner, or will becompleted at all. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their foreign exchange registrations in a timely manner pursuant toSAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with theregistration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to fines andlegal sanctions. Such failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiary and limitour PRC subsidiary’s ability to distribute dividends to our company. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and resultsof operations.Furthermore, SAFE Circular 37 is unclear how this regulation, and any future regulation concerning offshore or crossborder transactions, will be interpreted,amended and implemented by the relevant PRC government authorities, and we cannot predict how these regulations will affect our business operations or futurestrategy. Failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRCsubsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to us. These risks could in the future have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results ofoperations.We may be unable to complete a business combination transaction efficiently or on favorable terms due to complicated merger and acquisition regulationswhich became effective on September 8, 2006.On August 9, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the China Securities Regulatory Commission, promulgated the Regulation on Mergers and Acquisitionsof Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006, and was subsequently amended in 2009. This regulation, among otherthings, governs the approval process of a PRC company’s participation in an acquisition of assets or equity interests. Depending on the structure of the transaction,the regulation requires the PRC parties to make a series of applications and supplemental applications to the government agencies for approval of acquisition ofassets or equity interests from other entity. In some instances, the application process may require a presentation of economic data concerning the transaction,including appraisals of the target business and evaluations of the acquirer, which are designed to allow the government to assess viability of the transaction.Government approvals will have expiration dates, by which a transaction must be completed and reported to the government agencies. Compliance with theregulation is likely to be more time consuming and expensive than it was in the past, and provides the government more controls over business combination of twoenterprises. As a result, our ability to engage in business combination transactions has become significantly more complicated, time consuming, and expensive. Wemay not be able to negotiate a transaction that is acceptable to our stockholders or sufficiently protect their interests in a transaction.The regulation allows PRC governmental agencies to assess the economic terms of a business combination transaction. Parties to a business combinationtransaction may have to submit to MOFCOM and other relevant government agencies an appraisal report, an evaluation report, and the acquisition agreement, all ofwhich were a part of the application for approval, depending on the structure of the transaction. The regulation also prohibits a transaction with an acquisition priceobviously lower than the appraised value of the PRC business or assets and in certain transaction structures, and requires consideration being paid within a definedperiod, generally not in excess of a year. The regulation also limits our ability to negotiate various terms of the acquisition, including the initial consideration,contingent consideration, holdback provisions, indemnification provisions, and provisions related to the assumption and allocation of assets and liabilities.Transaction structures involving trusts, nominees and similar entities are prohibited. Therefore, such regulation may impede our ability to negotiate and complete abusiness combination transaction on financial terms that satisfy our investors and protect our stockholders’ economic interests.15Table of ContentsPRC regulation of loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion mayrestrict or prevent us from using the proceeds of our future financings to make loans to our PRC subsidiaries, or to make additional capital contributions toour PRC subsidiary.We, as an offshore holding company, are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC subsidiary, which are treated as foreigninvestedenterprises under PRC laws, through loans or capital contributions. However, loans by us to any PRC subsidiary to finance its activities cannot exceed statutorylimits and must be registered with the local counterpart of SAFE and capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary are subject to the requirement of making necessaryfilings in the Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System, and registration with other governmental authorities in China.SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital ofForeigninvested Enterprises, or Circular 19, effective on June 1, 2015, in replacement of the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvementof the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign Invested Enterprises, or Circular 142, the Notice from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Exchange Businesses, or Circular 59, and theCircular on Further Clarification and Regulation of the Issues Concerning the Administration of Certain Capital Account Foreign Exchange Businesses, orCircular 45. According to Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of a foreigninvestedcompany is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans, the repayment of interenterprise loans or the repayment ofbank loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of aforeign invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within the PRC, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFEwill permit such capital to be used for equity investments in the PRC in actual practice. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, whichreiterates some of the rules set forth in Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registeredcapital of a foreigninvested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to grant loans to nonassociated enterprises.Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. Circular 19 and Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer anyforeign currency we hold, including the net proceeds from our future financings, to our PRC subsidiary, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability tofund and expand our business in the PRC.Due to the restrictions imposed on loans in foreign currencies extended to any PRC domestic companies, we are not likely to make such loans to any of our PRCsubsidiaries. Meanwhile, we are not likely to finance the activities of our subsidiaries by means of capital contributions given the restrictions on foreign investmentin the businesses that are currently conducted by our subsidiaries.In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannotassure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, withrespect to future loans to our PRC subsidiary or any consolidated variable interest entity or future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiary. As a result,uncertainties exist as to our ability to provide prompt financial support to our PRC subsidiaries when needed. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain suchapprovals, our ability to use foreign currency, including the proceeds we received from our future financings, and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operationsmay be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.16Table of ContentsAny failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal oradministrative sanctions.Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas nonpubliclylisted companies may submit applications to SAFE orits local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. In the meantime, our directors, executive officers andother employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year, subject to limitedexceptions, and who have been granted restricted shares, options or restricted share units, or RSUs, by us or our overseas listed subsidiaries may follow the Noticeon Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company,issued by SAFE in February 2012, to apply for the foreign exchange registration. According to those regulations, employees, directors and other managementmembers participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC citizens residing in China for acontinuous period of not less than one year, subject to limited exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which may be aPRC subsidiary of the overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines andlegal sanctions and may also limit their ability to make payment under the relevant equity incentive plans or receive dividends or sales proceeds related thereto inforeign currencies, or our ability to contribute additional capital into our domestic subsidiaries in China and limit our domestic subsidiaries’ ability to distributedividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties under PRC law that could restrict our ability or the ability of our overseas listed subsidiaries to adoptadditional equity incentive plans for our directors and employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period ofnot less than one year, subject to limited exceptions.In addition, the State Administration of Taxation has issued circulars concerning employee share options, restricted shares or RSUs. Under these circulars,employees working in the PRC who exercise share options, or whose restricted shares or RSUs vest, will be subject to PRC individual income tax. The PRCsubsidiaries of an overseas listed company have obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authoritiesand to withhold individual income taxes of those employees related to their share options, restricted shares or RSUs. If the employees fail to pay, or the PRCsubsidiaries fail to withhold, their income taxes according to relevant laws, rules and regulations, the PRC subsidiaries may face sanctions imposed by the taxauthorities.Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a “resident enterprise” of China. Such classification will likely result in unfavorable taxconsequences to us and our nonPRC shareholders.On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress of China passed a new Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law. On November 28, 2007, the State Council ofChina passed its implementing rules, which took effect on January 1, 2008. Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto managementbodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise,” meaning that it can be treated in a manner similar to a Chinese enterprise for enterprise income taxpurposes. The implementing rules of the EIT Law define de facto management as “substantial and overall management and control over the production andoperations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise.On April 22, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice Concerning Relevant Issues Regarding Cognizance of Chinese Investment ControlledEnterprises Incorporated Offshore as Resident Enterprises. According to the Criteria of de facto Management Bodies, or the Notice, further interprets the applicationof the EIT Law and its implementation nonChinese enterprise or group controlled offshore entities. Pursuant to the Notice, an enterprise incorporated in an offshorejurisdiction and controlled by a Chinese enterprise or group will be classified as a “nondomestically incorporated resident enterprise” if (i) its senior management incharge of daily operations reside or perform their duties mainly in China; (ii) its financial or personnel decisions are made or approved by bodies or persons in China;(iii) its substantial assets and properties, accounting books, corporate chops, board and shareholder minutes are kept in China; and (iv) at least half of its directorswith voting rights or senior management often resident in China. A resident enterprise would be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on its worldwideincome and must pay a withholding tax at a rate of 10%, when paying dividends to its nonPRC shareholders. However, it remains unclear as to whether the Notice isapplicable to an offshore enterprise incorporated by a Chinese natural person, nor detailed measures on imposition of tax from nondomestically incorporatedresident enterprises are available. Therefore, it is unclear how tax authorities will determine tax residency based on the facts of each case.17Table of ContentsWe may be deemed to be a resident enterprise by Chinese tax authorities. If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for the PRCenterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on financingproceeds and nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although, under the EIT Law and its implementingrules, dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued a guidance with respect to the processingof outbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for the PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidanceissued with respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation, which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to ournonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC stockholders from transferring our shares.Our failure to fully comply with PRC laws relating to social insurance and housing accumulation fund may expose it to potential administrative penalties. The PRC laws and regulations require all employers in China to fully contribute their own portion to the social insurance and housing accumulation funds for theiremployees within a certain period of time. Failure to do so may expose the employers to make rectification for the unpaid contributions by the relevant laborauthority. As of the date of this report, Hongri PRC has not paid housing accumulation funds for its employees. In addition, Hongri PRC failed to make contributions to thesocial insurance in full amount for its employees before 2014. PRC governmental authorities may impose penalties on Hongri PRC for failure to comply. In addition, inthe event that any current or former employee files a complaint with the PRC government, Hongri PRC may be subject to making up the contributions to the socialinsurance and housing accumulation funds as well as paying administrative fines. The total cost of these contributions and any related fines or penalties could besignificant and could have a material adverse effect on our working capital. We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Chinese anticorruption laws, and any determination that we violated these lawscould have a material adverse effect on our business. We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act, or FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and theirofficials and political parties by U.S. persons and issuers as defined by the statute, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have operations,agreements with third parties, and make most of our sales in China. The PRC also strictly prohibits bribery of government officials. Our activities in China create therisk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company, even though they may not alwaysbe subject to our control. It is our policy to implement safeguards to discourage these practices by our employees. However, our existing safeguards and any futureimprovements may prove to be less than effective, and the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company may engage in conduct for whichwe might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA or Chinese anticorruption laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to otherliabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the U.S. government may seek to hold our Companyliable for successor liability FCPA violations committed by companies in which we invest or that we acquire. If we become directly subject to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.listed Chinese companies, we may have to expendsignificant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations, stock price and reputation, and could result in a loss ofyour investment in our stock, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favorably. In the past few years, U.S. publicly traded companies that have substantially all of their operations in China, particularly companies like us have been the subject ofintense scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators, and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism,and negative publicity has centered around financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, lacking effective internal controls over financial accounting,inadequate corporate governance policies or lacking of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, criticism, and negativepublicity, the publicly traded stocks of many U.S. listed Chinese companies have sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, have become virtually worthless.Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions, and are conducting internal and external investigations into theallegations. It is not clear the effect of this sectorwide scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity will have on our Company, our business, and our stock price. If webecome the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources toinvestigate such allegations defending our Company. This situation will be costly, time consuming, and distract our management from growing our company.18Table of ContentsThe disclosures in our reports and other filings with the SEC and our other public pronouncements will not be subject to the scrutiny of any regulatory bodiesin the PRC. Accordingly, our public disclosure should be reviewed in light of the fact that no governmental agency that is located in China where all of ouroperations and business are located have conducted any due diligence on our operations or reviewed or cleared any of our disclosure. Unlike public reporting companies whose operations are located primarily in the United States, however, all of our operations will be located in China. Since all of ouroperations and business takes place in China, it may be more difficult for the Staff of the SEC to overcome the geographic and cultural obstacles that are presentwhen reviewing our disclosure. These same obstacles are not present for similar companies whose operations or business take place entirely or primarily in theUnited States. Furthermore, our SEC reports and other disclosure and public pronouncements are not subject to the review or scrutiny of any PRC regulatoryauthority. For example, the disclosure in our SEC reports and other filings are not subject to the review of the CSRC, a PRC regulator that is tasked with oversight ofthe capital markets in China. Accordingly, you should review our SEC reports, filings and our other public pronouncements with the understanding that no localregulator has done any due diligence on our company and with the understanding that none of our SEC reports, other filings or any of our other publicpronouncements has been reviewed or otherwise been scrutinized by any local regulator. Proceedings instituted by the SEC against five PRCbased accounting firms could result in financial statements being determined to be not in compliance withthe requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.In December 2012, the SEC instituted proceedings under Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) of the SEC’s Rules of Practice against five PRCbased accounting firms alleging that thesefirms had violated U.S. securities laws and the SEC’s rules and regulations thereunder by failing to provide to the SEC the firms’ work papers related to their audits ofcertain PRCbased companies that are publicly traded in the United States. Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) grants to the SEC the authority to deny to any person, temporarily orpermanently, the ability to practice before the SEC who is found by the SEC, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, to have willfully violated, or willfully aidedand abetted the violation of, any such laws or rules and regulations. On January 22, 2014, an initial administrative law decision was issued, sanctioning four of theseaccounting firms and suspending them from practicing before the SEC for a period of six months. The sanction will not take effect until there is an order ofeffectiveness issued by the SEC. In February 2014, four of these PRCbased accounting firms filed a petition for review of the initial decision. In February 2015, eachof these four accounting firms agreed to a censure and to pay fine to the SEC to settle the dispute with the SEC. The settlement stays the current proceeding for fouryears, during which time the firms are required to follow detailed procedures to seek to provide the SEC with access to Chinese firms’ audit documents via the CSRC.If a firm does not follow the procedures, the SEC would impose penalties such as suspensions, or commence a new, expedited administrative proceeding against thenoncompliant firm or it could restart the administrative proceeding against all four firms.If our independent registered public accounting firm were denied, temporarily or permanently, the ability to practice before the SEC, and we are unable to find in atimely manner another registered public accounting firm which can audit and issue a report on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determinedto not be in compliance with the requirements for financial statements of public companies with a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the SEC’s revocation of the registration of our common stock under theExchange Act, which would cause the immediate delisting of our common stock from the NASDAQ Capital Market, and the effective termination of the tradingmarket for our common stock in the United States, which would likely have a significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.19Table of ContentsOur holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should we decide inthe future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depend upon the receipts of dividends or other payments fromour operating subsidiaries, other holdings, and investments. In addition, our operating subsidiaries, from time to time, may be subject to restrictions on their abilityto make distributions to us, including as a result of restrictive covenants in loan agreements, restrictions on the conversion of local currency into U.S. dollars orother hard currency, and other regulatory restrictions as discussed below. If future dividends are paid in RMB, fluctuations in the exchange rate for conversion ofRMB into U.S. dollars may reduce the amount received by the U.S. stockholders upon conversion of dividend payments into U.S. dollars.Chinese regulations currently permit the payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards andregulations. Our subsidiaries in China are also required to set aside a portion of their aftertax profits to fund certain reserve funds according to the Chineseaccounting standards and regulations. Currently, our subsidiaries in China are the only sources of revenues or investment holdings for the payment of dividends. Ifthey do not accumulate sufficient profits under Chinese accounting standards and regulations to satisfy certain reserve funds as required by the Chineseaccounting standards, we will be unable to pay any dividends.Aftertax profits/losses with respect to the payment of dividends from accumulated profits and the annual appropriation of aftertax profits as calculated pursuant tothe Chinese accounting standards and regulations do not result in significant differences as compared to aftertax earnings as presented in our financial statements.However, there are certain differences between PRC accounting standards and regulations and U.S. GAAP, arising from different treatment of items such asamortization of intangible assets and change in fair value of contingent consideration rising from business combinations.RISKS RELATED TO THIS OFFERING AND THE MARKET FOR OUR SECURITIES GENERALLYIf we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of NASDAQ, we would face possible delisting, which would result in a limited public market for ourshares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Our common stock is traded and listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “KBSF.” The common stock may be delisted if we fail to maintain certainNasdaq listing requirements. For instance, companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bidprice per share of $1.00 for 30 consecutive business days. On March 3, 2016, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the 30 consecutive businessdays between January 20, 2016 and March 2, 2016, the bid price of our common stock closed below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQListing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued inclusion on The NASDAQ Capital Market. In accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we had an initial graceperiod of 180 calendar days, or until August 30, 2016, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. After the Company effectuated a oneforfifteenreverse stock split of the outstanding common stock, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq on February 27, 2017 stating that because the Company maintainedthe closing bid price of its common stock at $1.00 per share or greater from February 9 to February 24, 2017, they determined that the Company has regainedcompliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement.We cannot ensure you that we will continue to comply with the requirements for continued listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If our commonstock is no longer listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market, our shares would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our shares could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, andsecurity analysts’ coverage of us may be reduced. In addition, in the event our shares are delisted, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed uponthem, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions in our shares, further limiting the liquidity of our shares. These factors could result in lowerprices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our shares. Such delisting from The NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our shareprice could also greatly impair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing, and could significantly increase the ownershipdilution to shareholders caused by our issuing equity in financing or other transactions.20Table of ContentsIf we were delisted from NASDAQ, we may become subject to the trading complications experienced by “Penny Stocks” in the overthecounter market.Delisting from NASDAQ may cause our shares of common stock to become the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. The SEC generally defines a penny stock as an equitysecurity that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. One such exemption is tobe listed on NASDAQ. The market price of our common stock is currently higher than $1.00 per share. However, because the daily trading volume in our commonstock is very low, significant price movement can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Therefore, were we to be delisted from NASDAQ,our common stock may become subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. These rules require, among other things, that any broker engaging in a purchase or sale ofour securities provide its customers with: (i) a risk disclosure document, (ii) disclosure of market quotations, if any, (iii) disclosure of the compensation of the brokerand its salespersons in the transaction and (iv) monthly account statements showing the market values of our securities held in the customer’s accounts. A brokerwould be required to provide the bid and offer quotations and compensation information before effecting the transaction. This information must be contained on thecustomer’s confirmation. Generally, brokers are less willing to effect transactions in penny stocks due to these additional delivery requirements. These requirementsmay make it more difficult for shareholders to purchase or sell our shares. Because the broker, not us, prepares this information, we would not be able to assure thatsuch information is accurate, complete or current.Trading in our shares over the last three months has been very limited, so our stock price is highly volatile, leading to the possibility that you may not be able tosell as much stock as you want at prevailing prices.Because approximately 70% of our then issued and outstanding shares of common stock was tendered in the tender offering closed on July 29, 2014, we currentlyhave a limited amount of shares eligible for public trading. The average daily trading volume in our common stock over the last three months is very limited. If limitedtrading in our common stock continues, it may be difficult for investors to sell their shares in the public market at any given time at prevailing prices. Moreover, themarket price for shares of our common stock may be made more volatile because of the relatively low volume of trading in our common stock. When trading volumeis low, significant price movement of our common stock can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Volatility in our common stock couldcause stockholders to incur substantial losses.Numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly.There are numerous additional factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly. Thesefactors include:●our earnings releases, actual or anticipated changes in our earnings, fluctuations in our operating results or our failure to meet the expectations of financialmarket analysts and investors;●changes in financial estimates by us or by any securities analysts who might cover our shares;●speculation about our business in the press or the investment community;●significant developments relating to our relationships with our customers or suppliers;●stock market price and volume fluctuations of other publicly traded companies and, in particular, those that are in our industries;●customer demand for our products;●investor perceptions of our industry in general and our company in particular;●the operating and stock performance of comparable companies;●general economic conditions and trends;●major catastrophic events;●announcements by us or our competitors of new products, significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships or divestitures;●changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretation or principles;●loss of external funding sources;●sales of our shares, including sales by our directors, officers or significant shareholders; and●additions or departures of key personnel.21Table of ContentsSecurities class action litigation is often instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their share price. This type of litigation could result insubstantial costs to us and divert our management’s attention and resources. Moreover, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price andvolume fluctuations for reasons unrelated to operating performance of particular companies. For example, in July 2008, the securities markets in the United States,China and other jurisdictions experienced the largest decline in share prices since September 2001. These market fluctuations may adversely affect the price of ourshares and other interests in our company at a time when you want to sell your interest in us.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and do not anticipate paying any cashdividends on our shares. Accordingly, investors must be prepared to rely on sales of their shares after price appreciation to earn an investment return, which maynever occur. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our shares. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion ofour Board of Directors, and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable laws, and otherfactors our board deems relevant.Certain of our shareholders hold a significant percentage of our outstanding voting securities.Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, is the beneficial owner of approximately 37% of our outstanding voting securities. As a result, hepossesses significant influence and can elect a majority of our board of directors and authorize or prevent proposed significant corporate transactions. Hisownership and control may also have the effect of delaying or preventing a future change in control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other businesscombination or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer.Our outstanding warrants may adversely affect the market price of our shares of common stock.There are currently 393,836 warrants outstanding. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50. The sale orpossibility of sale of the shares underlying the warrants could have an adverse effect on the market price for our shares of common stock or our ability to obtainfuture financing. If and to the extent these warrants are exercised, you may experience dilution to your holdings.You will not be able to exercise your redeemable warrants if we do not have an effective registration statement and a prospectus in place when you desire to doso.No redeemable warrants will be exercisable, and we will not be obligated to issue shares of common stock upon exercise of redeemable warrants by a holder unless,at the time of such exercise, we have a registration statement or posteffective amendment under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuableupon the exercise of the redeemable warrants and a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Under the terms of a redeemable warrant agreementbetween American Stock Transfer & Trust Company as warrant agent, and us, we have agreed to use our best efforts to have a registration statement in effectcovering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants from the date the redeemable warrants become exercisable and to maintain acurrent prospectus relating to shares of common stock until the redeemable warrants expire or are redeemed, and to take such action as is necessary to qualify theshares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants for sale in those states in which the IPO was initially qualified. However, we cannotassure you that we will be able to do so. We may be unable to have a registration statement in effect covering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of theredeemable warrants or to maintain a current prospectus relating to such shares of common stock if, for example, we lack the current financial statements necessaryto be included in such registration statement or prospectus. We have no obligation to settle the redeemable warrants for cash, in any event, and the redeemablewarrants may not be exercised and we will not deliver securities therefor in the absence of an effective registration statement and a prospectus available for use. Theredeemable warrants may be deprived of any value, the market for the redeemable warrants may be limited if there is no registration statement in effect covering theshares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the redeemable warrants or the prospectus relating to the shares of common stock issuable upon the exerciseof the redeemable warrants is not current and the redeemable warrants may expire worthless. If you are unable to exercise or sell your redeemable warrants, you willhave paid the full unit price for only the shares of common stock underlying the units.22Table of ContentsHolders of warrants included in the placement units may exercise these warrants even if an effective registration statement and a prospectus is not in place,which means they may be able to exercise such warrants while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.Unlike the warrants underlying the units issued in connection with our IPO, the warrants included in the placement units will not be restricted from being exercisedin the absence of a registration statement under the Securities Act in effect covering the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the such warrantsand a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Therefore, the holders thereof will be able to exercise such warrants regardless of whether the issuanceof the underlying shares of common stock is registered under the Securities Act, while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.We are a “foreign private issuer” and have disclosure obligations that are different than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. Therefore, you should notexpect to receive the same information about us as a U.S. domestic reporting company may provide. Furthermore, if we or lose our status as a foreign privateissuer, we would be required to fully comply with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers and incur significantoperational, administrative, legal, and accounting costs that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer.We are a foreign private issuer. As a result, we are not subject to certain of the requirements imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the SEC. For example, we arenot required by the SEC or the federal securities laws to issue quarterly reports or file proxy statements with the SEC. We are also allowed to file our annual reportwith the SEC within four months of our fiscal year end. We are also not required to disclose certain detailed information regarding executive compensation that isrequired from U.S. domestic issuers. Further, our directors and executive officers are not required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Securities Act. Asa foreign private issuer, we are also exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups ofinvestors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. We are, however, still subject to the antifraud and antimanipulation rules ofthe SEC, such as Rule 10b5. Since many of the disclosure obligations required of us as a foreign private issuer are different than those required by U.S. domesticreporting companies, our shareholders should not expect to receive all of the same types of information about us and at the same time as information is receivedfrom, or provided by, U.S. domestic reporting companies. We are liable for violations of the rules and regulations of the SEC, which do apply to us as a foreignprivate issuer. Violations of these rules could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain NASDAQ corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. Thismay afford less protection to holders of our securities.We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. As a foreign private issuer,we are permitted to follow the governance practices of our home country, the Republic of the Marshall Islands in lieu of certain corporate governance requirementsof Nasdaq. As result, the standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not requiredto:●have a compensation committee and a nominating committee to be comprised solely of “independent directors; and●hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the Company’s fiscal yearend.As a result, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.Future sales or perceived sales of our shares of common stock could depress our stock price.As of the date of this report, we have 2,591,299 shares of common stock outstanding. Many of these shares will become eligible for sale in the public market, subjectto limitations imposed by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. If the holders of these shares were to attempt to sell a substantial amount of their holdings at once, themarket price of our common stock could decline. Moreover, the perceived risk of this potential dilution could cause shareholders to attempt to sell their shares andinvestors to short the common stock, a practice in which an investor sells shares that he or she does not own at prevailing market prices, hoping to purchase shareslater at a lower price to cover the sale. As each of these events would cause the number of shares of our common stock being offered for sale to increase, ourcommon stock market price would likely further decline. All of these events could combine to make it very difficult for us to sell equity or equityrelated securities inthe future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.23Table of ContentsHolders of our securities may face difficulties in protecting their interests because we are incorporated under the Republic of the Marshall Islands law.We are a company incorporated under the laws of the Marshall Islands, and almost all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, majority of ourdirectors and officers, and their assets, are located outside of the United States. As a result, you may have difficulty serving legal process within the United Statesupon us or any of these persons. You may also have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside the United States, judgments you may obtain in U.S. courts against usor these persons in any action, including actions based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal or state securities laws. You may also have difficultybringing an original action in the appropriate court of the Marshall Islands to enforce liabilities against us or any person based upon the U.S. federal securities laws.Provisions of our articles of incorporation may impede a takeover or make it more difficult for shareholders to change the direction or management of theCompany, which could reduce shareholders’ opportunity to influence management of the Company.Our articles of incorporation permit our board of directors to issue up to five million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 from time to time, with suchrights and preferences as they consider appropriate. These terms may include voting rights including the right to vote as a series on particular matters, preferencesas to dividends and liquidation, conversion rights and redemption rights provisions. The issuance of any preferred stock could reduce the value of our commonstock. In addition, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell assets to, a third party. Theability of the board of directors to issue preferred stock could make it more difficult, delay, discourage, prevent or make it more costly to acquire or effect a changeincontrol, which in turn could prevent shareholders from recognizing a gain in the event that a favorable offer is extended and could materially and negatively affectthe market price of our common stock.ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANYA.History and Development of the CompanyWe are a Republic of the Marshall Islands Company incorporated under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BDA”) on January 26, 2012. We wereoriginally organized under the name “Aquasition Corp.” for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, orsimilar acquisition transaction, one or more operating businesses or assets. The address of the Company’s principal executive office is Xingfengge Building,Baogaiyupu Industrial Park, Shishi City, Fujian Province of china.On March 24, 2014, we entered into a share exchange agreement and plan of liquidation (the “Exchange Agreement”), with KBS International, Hongri International, athen wholly owned subsidiary of KBS International and Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, each an individual and shareholder of KBS International (each, a“Principal Stockholder”). The Exchange Agreement was subsequently amended on June 21, 2014. The transactions contemplated in the Exchange Agreement (the“Share Exchange”) were closed on August 1, 2014. At the closing, we acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interest in Hongri International from KBSInternational. In exchange, we issued an aggregate of 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company to KBS International. In addition, on July 29, 2014, wecompleted a tender offer related to the Share Exchange and redeemed the 332,116 shares of common stock validly tendered and not withdrawn. Pursuant to theExchange Agreement, KBS International was liquidated and dissolved in August 2014 and the 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company were distributed toeach shareholder of KBS International according to their respective ownership of KBS International. As a result, following the consummation of the Share Exchange,we had a total of 1,694,489 shares of common stock outstanding.24Table of ContentsOn October 31, 2014, we held a special shareholder meeting and amended our Articles of Incorporation to change our name to KBS Fashion Group Limited.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.On March 29, 2016, we granted an aggregate of 73,334 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their past services in 2015 and future services to be provided in 2016.On July 10, 2017, we granted an aggregate of 215,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company as compensationsfor their services.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their services.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 registered shares of common stock pursuant to our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to our executive officers,directors and certain employees as compensations for their services.On March 29, 2019, our board of directors approved the issuance of 15,000 shares of common stock to our Investor Relationship firm as compensation for theirservices. The issuance of the shares was made in reliance on the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), for theoffer and sale of securities not involving a public offering, and Regulation S promulgated thereunder. None of the shares have been registered under the Act andneither may be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.25Table of ContentsCorporate StructureAll of our business operations are conducted through our PRC subsidiaries. The chart below presents our corporate structure as of the date of this report. The Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regardingissuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.Our web site address is http://www.kbsfashion.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of thisAnnual Report.Principal Capital Expenditures and DivestituresFor the year ended December 31, 2018, our total capital expenditures and divestitures were $nil. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, our total capitalexpenditures and divestitures were $849,199 and $45,445, respectively. Such expenditures were primarily used construction of production facility and purchasing fireprotection facility. Our operating cash flow mainly funded these capital expenditures.B.Business OverviewWe are a leading casual menswear company in China with a demonstrated track record of designing, marketing, and selling our own line of fashion menswear. Ourproducts include men’s apparel, footwear and accessories, primarily targeting urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 in the Tier II and Tier III cities in China.Tier II cities generally refer to major cities located in each province of China other than the capital city of such province. Tier III cities generally refer to countylevelcities in China. Tier III cities that we focus on are the national top 100 county cities identified by the State Statistics Bureau of China each year. These cities arecharacterized by higher GDP, higher disposable income, better education and better infrastructure as compared with other countylevel cities.26Table of ContentsOur apparel products include outerwear, knitwear, denim, tops, bottoms, accessories and footwear. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products,each year with a different theme to highlight the current trends in menswear for the season.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by the company and 40 franchised stores operated by 14 third party distributors or their subdistributors. The number of stores has grown from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017and 2016, sales through our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues respectively, and sales through distributors and whole sellersaccounted for 73%, 66.5% and 78% of our revenues, respectively. Total revenue from corporate stores sales for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $7.0million for 2017 and $5.53 million for 2016.From 2009 through 2018, total net sales decreased from $28.1 million to $18.53 million while the net profit decreased from $9.0 million to a net loss of $8 million.Our Competitive StrengthsWe believe that the following competitive strengths enable us to compete effectively in and capitalize on the growing casual menswear industry in China.●There is a sizable market for our products. We believe that we have a sizeable potential market. Our target customers are male middleclass consumers inthe 2040 age range. According to the national census in 2018, the population in China between 1659 yearsold was approximately 900 million. Our targetgroup falls into this category and is estimated to be more than 200 million people. As a result of the growing affluence in the PRC and increased purchasingpower of the PRC population, we believe that PRC consumers are becoming more willing and able to purchase casual menswear. In addition, we believe thatthe purchasing decision of PRC consumers is becoming more predicated upon brand image, product design and style, rather than just price considerations.With rising affluence and improvement in lifestyle, we also believe the overall Chinese population is generally growing more brand name conscious andstyle oriented and has shown a propensity for increased spending on casual menswear.●We have a strong focus on design and product development. We believe that our inhouse design and product development capabilities allow us to createunique products that appeal to our customers. We have established a strong inhouse design and product development team of 20 employees as of April26, 2019. Our team identifies new fashion trends by attending fashion shows and exhibitions as well as by drawing from creative ideas in magazines andother media. Each spring and fall, we carefully plan and create a new product line for our fall/winter and spring/summer collections of 727 SKU thatencompasses our full range of product offerings, including outerwear, tops, bottoms and accessories. We introduce new design elements into our productlines each season. With our highly skilled and creative team of designers, we have extensive experience in creating unique designs to meet the preferencesand needs of our target customer base.●Our trademarked brand has earned a following in China. Our brand was developed in 2006. Our marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design andmade for Chinese.” Our customers are middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range. We believe that their products’ concept, marketing, design andpackaging fully match with the prowestern attitude and life styles of their target customers. We believe the KBS brand is essential to our success topenetrate to the casual menswear market in China.●We have an extensive and wellmanaged nationwide distribution network. We have an extensive distribution network throughout China. As of December31, 2018, we had 1 KBS branded corporate stores and 32 franchised stores across 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. TheKBS branded corporate stores are required to sell only our products. We have been building up our selected distributor network since 2007. As ofDecember 31, 2018, we had 11 distributors operating 32 franchised stores. All of our distributors have been working with us from 1 to 10 years. We selectour distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry, sales channels, business resources, brand promotioncapabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. Our distributors help us respond to changing consumer tastes in a timelymanner by providing regular feedback on our products at our semiannual sales fairs and frequent communications. The financial resources of ourdistributors allow us to expand our retail network with less working capital investment from us than would be required for establishing direct stores, as ourdistributors are responsible for the store rentals and cost of inventory in their stores. We sold a substantial amount of our products through ourdistributors, which have allowed us to distribute our products to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge ofour distributors and their sub distributors. We believe that our distribution network has enabled us to expand our business and increase our salesefficiently and with less operational risk. This model has also minimized our operational risk because we typically start production after we receive ordersfrom our distributors. We believe that using a distribution network to sell a substantial amount of our KBS products has enabled us to devote ourresources to our core competitive strengths of design, brand management and product development.27Table of Contents●We have an experienced management team. Our management team has extensive R&D, marketing and financial experience, led by our Chief ExecutiveOfficer, Mr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has over 27 years of experience in the apparel industry and also has developed a differentiated product by internationalcooperation with a Korean designer. After working in the garment industry for more than 16 years, Mr. Yan acquired and developed the KBS brand. Withhis strong understanding of the apparel industry, Mr. Yan has successfully established this brand name in the market. We are committed to attract andretain top management level executives who we believe are and will continue to be the driving force behind our product development and growth.Our Growth StrategyWe intend to further strengthen our market position in the casual menswear market in China by implementing the following strategies:●We plan to expand our online business and purchase one or more online sales platforms or online stores. Together with the change in consumer trends,online sales is now the most important sales channel in Chinese market and is becoming increasingly important globally. Sales from our stores anddistributors have been steadily decreasing, and we are now in the process of identifying the best possible ways to establish and expand our onlinebusiness. We plan to research and purchase one or more online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that KBS will have better opportunities toexpand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores in year 2019, and the management of KBS will keep on exploring other areas and businessmodels, such as the use of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends. We consider that ourpolicy to expand our outreach using new technologies will add significant shareholder value.●We plan to expand our OEM sales by attracting more reputable and longterm clients. We just had the renewal of a framework sales contract with twomajor current customers: Hangzhou Zhi Yin Apparel Clothes Co., Ltd and Hangzhou Yiyuan Apparel Co., Ltd. These two sales contracts are expected togenerate approximately RMB 28 million in total, of which RMB 20 million relates to Hangzhou Ziyin of new 450,000 orders and RMB 8 million relates toHangzhou Yiyuan of new 160,000 orders for this year. We are also expanding our OEM business and to get more clients, especially to focus on onlineproviders, as they have expanded their market share over the past years quickly together with the change in Chinese consumer’s preferences and occupy alarge market share. By the time when we start executing the orders, we expect that we can have sustainable and increasing business.●We plan to invest in a Greece Based Private Smart Tech Apparel Company. We signed a letter of intent with Tribe, one of the most innovative smartclothing technology companies internationally. If the transaction is consummated, we conceive that this investment will enhance and expand significantlyour client network and products offering. The smart clothing market is expected to surpass the 2 trillion US dollars in size in 2019 and we believe we are wellpositioned to capture a part of this market in the wider region.28Table of Contents●We plan to continue to raise the profile of the KBS brand through enhanced advertising and promotional activities. We believe that the strongassociation of KBS brand with our concept of “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese” has helped drive our brand positioning and customers’receptivity to our products. We intend to further build our brand and deliver a consistent brand image from product design to sales and marketing. We seekto promote and enhance our presence in China’s casual menswear market by continuing to adopt proactive marketing strategies and produce high quality,well designed casual menswear for our target market. In particular, we aim to increase awareness of our brand through: (1) multichannel advertisingstrategies through national television, fashion magazines, billboards and other media channels; (2) further assisting our distributors’ regional advertisingefforts; (3) distinctive store and product launch campaigns, including special events for new product launches and largescale grand opening events fornew stores, particularly new corporate stores; (4) update of the decoration and layout of a number of existing stores which have been in operation for yearsto improve the shopping experience; (5) participation in fashion shows; and (6) sponsorships of selected highimpact events. We believe that theseadvertising and promotional activities will help to further strengthen brand awareness in our target market and enhance customer loyalty.●We plan to expand and build upon our design and product development capabilities. We intend to further strengthen our design and productdevelopment capabilities by accelerating the commercialization of design concepts, expanding our product offerings and continuing to develop what webelieve is unique casual menswear. We plan to further invest in design and product development and expand our design and product development team byattracting talented designers, either domestic or international, and training young graduates from leading fashion design institutes. We believe thatcombining western fashion design experience with our local designer’s understanding of the China market and aesthetic will enable us to create fashionableyet popular casual menswear for consumers in China. We also intend to cooperate with our suppliers to develop new materials and fabrics which we believewill give customers a unique fashion product and create new market opportunities. We believe that our focus on designing unique and quality casualmenswear will allow us to maintain our competitiveness and help to enhance our sales and overall profitability.●We plan to expand our production capacity to expand and diversify our product offerings. Our production facility is located in Taihu City, AnhuiProvince, China, consisting of total 110,557 square meters of land. Currently this facility has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per yearand can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famous sportswear producers, some successful onlinebrand stores and fulfill some overseas orders. The construction of our facility commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases: Phase 1 consists of theconstruction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We have completed theconstruction of facilities for Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Although we have the designed capacity of 5 million pieces yearly, the facilitycurrently may only produce 2 million pieces per year. Phase 3 construction has been delayed because the local government needs additional time toconclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 canbe continued. Phase 4 will include production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quarters and livingfacilities. Upon completion, the new facility is expected to have a production capacity of 20 million pieces and accommodate 5,000 workers. Please see“Production” below for a more complete explanation of our plans for the expansion of our production capacity. We anticipate that the new productionfacility will allow us to further refine our existing product lines by offering more styles within our existing apparel and accessories categories and tointroduce additional, complementary apparel and accessories categories into our product line. We currently introduce 500 to 900 different styles ofproducts each year and intend to increase the number of our product offerings in the future.●We plan to expand our international market and attract more orders from overseas. Starting from year 2016, we have been awarded international OEMorders for producing clothes with overseas brands. Such orders are usually large and continuous. Due to the completion of phase 2 construction of ourAnhui factory, we have enough production capacity to take on large orders. The current utilization rate of the Anhui factory is still quite low and we expectto invest more in attracting more large orders from overseas.The KBS BrandWe are engaged in a highly competitive industry in which brand image and recognition is critical to attracting customers to purchase our products. We haveadopted KBS as a uniform brand name and image for all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. The KBS brand was created byMs. Qinghua Ye in 2006 and registered with the trademark administration authority in 2008. Subsequently, Ms. Ye assigned the KBS trademark to Hongri PRC in2008. In 2009, Hongri PRC transferred this trademark to France Cock, which then licensed such trademark back to Hongri PRC. Based on our sharp rise in revenuesince 2006, we believe that the KBS brand has gained a following in the casual menswear market in the cities where our products are sold.29Table of ContentsTo promote our brand, we have developed and implemented brand management policies in all of our corporate stores and franchised stores. Our brand managementpolicies set out detailed requirements for store decorations and display of products. This enables us to project a consistent brand image. In addition, each season,our design and product development team develops display concepts, including the presentation of our collections in the stores and the color schemes for thebackdrops. We also work closely with our distributors to supervise the daily operations of franchised stores through unscheduled visits to ensure that our brandmanagement policies are properly followed.We may suspend the supply of our products or terminate distribution agreements in the event that any of our distributors or their subdistributors consistently failsto comply with our brand management policies.Our ProductsOur apparel products include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, socks and caps. In 2018, thesuggested retail prices of our products ranged from RMB 15 to RMB1,599 (approximately $2 to $237) for our apparel products and RMB178 to RMB1599(approximately $26 to $236) for our accessory products. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products, each year with a different theme tohighlight the current trends in menswear for the season.Our DesignWe believe one of our key strengths is our internal design and product development team, which designs products that reinforce our brand image. Major parts ofour products are designed by our internal design and product development team with the collaboration of Korean designers. As of December 31, 2018, our designand product development team consisted of 20 members, including one senior designer with over five years of working experience. Final design concepts areapproved by Mr. Keyan Yan, who has more than 27 years of experience in the industry. All of the other designers are graduates of professional design schools inChina. We believe that our design and product development team is innovative and passionate and that the individual experience of each of our designers helpsbring new and exciting products to our customers. Our design and product development team conceptualizes each season’s collections through an interactiveprocess, taking into account our brand strategy, product image and market feedback, drawing inspirations from domestic and international fashion trends andcollaborating with both our suppliers and distributors to finetune our designs. In particular, we collaborate with our suppliers to develop a variety of materials andfabrics for our products. We also involve distributors in our product selection process to take advantage of their market intelligence, which helps us to adapt toconstantly changing customer preferences in local markets. Our designers also attend various domestic and international fashion shows to keep abreast of the latestfashion trends.Starting from year 2015, design of our products comes from three channels. In addition to designing products by our inhouse staff, we outsource to certainreputable designers. From time to time, our ODMs also will directly sell their designed products to us.In a typical year, we design and make around 1,500 prototypes. After the initial product selection, internal cost analysis of approved prototypes and final selectionby distributors at the sales fairs, we eventually select approximately 750 designs for mass production. Final design of all of our products will be approved by ourChairman, Mr. Yan.Our Distribution NetworkWe have established a nationwide distribution network consisting of corporate stores and franchised stores covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrallyadministered municipalities.Corporate StoresAs of December 31, 2018, we owned and operated 1 corporate store with the floor area of approximately 120 square meters. As part of our corporate strategy, weclosed 17 corporate stores in last two years because of the low profitability of certain corporate stores. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, salesthrough our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues, respectively.30Table of ContentsWe directly own and operate our corporate store. This direct control enables us to have closer relationship with our ultimate customers and better understanding ofmarket trends and consumer preferences. Required capital for opening of each store depends on the location and area of the designated store. On average, therenovation cost per store is around $67,000 and the first year of rent payment is around $140,000 including premium paid to the previous owner. Rental period variesfrom two to five years. The total capital required to open a new store is generally around $207,000 per store. Once negotiation of rent is concluded, it takes one totwo months to open up a store. We usually open up stores right before a peak season, such as labor holiday in May, National holiday in October and Chinese NewYear in January/February. On average, new stores break even after one to three months of operation.We currently have one standard designs for our corporate stores located in Fujian Province. They were considered as flagship stores for our distributors’ reference.Because in year 2016 and 2015 we closed some corporate stores, the inventories of these stores were cleared through promotion exhibitions we held in the thirdtiercities at lower prices.For corporate stores opened in second tier cities, we normally have a higher aesthetic standard compared with corporate stores in third and fourth tier cities. Wegenerally locate our corporate stores at street level to access high pedestrian flow. Normally, we will sell inseason stock in our secondtier city corporate stores. Oursecondtier city corporate stores are also designed to showcase our marketability to potential distributors so as to induce them to join our distributorship. For storesopened in the third and fourth tier cities, we normally sell some of our slowmoving or offseason stock at a discount due to our awareness of the generally lesseramount of disposable income available to residents of these cities. During certain times of the year, such as the New Year, Chinese New Year and Labor Day, we willorganize promotional discounts together with our franchised stores to attract more customers and increase our stock turnover.Franchised StoresWe sell a substantial amount of our products to our franchised distributors who in turn sell them to retail customers through KBS branded retail stores operated byour distributors or their subdistributors. Since 2013, we have also been selling products to 3 provincial distributors without their own stores, or the nostoredistributors, on a trial basis. We do not have any ownership in, or controlling relationship with, these franchised stores, but we have entered into distributionagreements with them in the Company’s standard form, pursuant to which we require distributors and their subdistributors to sell only KBS products in thesestores. Distributors are responsible for selecting and ordering products from us and overseeing the sales in the stores operated by them and their subdistributors.By selling directly to our distributors, we can recognize revenues upon delivery to our distributors and delegate the distribution responsibilities to our distributors.This allows us to distribute our merchandise to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge of our distributors and theirsubdistributors. This also minimizes our inventory and sales risks while allowing us to allocate our resources to our core competitive strengths of design, brandmanagement and product development. We believe that our cooperation with distributors has enabled us to expand our business and accelerate our sales growth atmuch lower costs and operational risk and achieve brand recognition throughout China.We have been building up our selected franchised distributor network since 2007. As of December 31, 2018, we had 11 franchised distributors who operated 32 retailstores directly or through their subdistributors, all of which were standalone stores, which were typically located in commercial centers, including departmentstores or shopping malls, in their cities. All these distributors have worked with us for about 1 to 8 years. We have not encountered any material dispute or financialdifficulty with our key distributors. The average floor area of each retail store was approximately 78 square meters as of December 2018. The number of retail storeshas grown significantly in recent years from 7 as of December 31, 2006, with the aggregate floor area increasing from 560 square meters as of December 31, 2006 to2,635 square meters as of December 31, 2018. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, sales through our distributors accounted for 73%, 63.3% and78% of our revenues, respectively. 31Table of ContentsDuring each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we had no customer exceeding 10% of our net sales.Sales generated by our five bestperforming franchised distributors accounted for approximately 29.3%, 23.8% and 28.3% of our revenues in the years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Those top distributors have been with us since 2007 or 2008 and have grown organically with us. At the same time,we are exploring more distributors in other regions including relatively small distributors to grow with their businesses. Although we rely on distributors for thesales and marketing of our products, we believe our business is not substantially dependent on any individual distributor.We are highly selective in appointing distributors. We select our distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry,sales channels, business resources, brand promotion capabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. We maintain good relationshipswith many regional or local distributor candidates which we identify through our internal research and external referrals but only appoint a handful of them tobecome our distributors. We evaluate the relevant experience of the distributor candidates in operating retail stores, their financial condition and sources of fundingrequired for the establishment of a regional distribution network and their ability to develop a network of retail stores in the designated distribution region of a givendistributor before we make any appointment.Once appointed, each distributor must enter into a distribution agreement with us. We do not own any interest in any of our distributors, their subdistributors orthe retail stores they operate. The distribution agreements we typically enter into with distributors do not allow us to be involved in the daily operating, financing orother activities of the distributors, except that distributors need to comply with our brand management policies and pricing and store management guidelines. Keyterms of our standard distribution agreement include:●Product Exclusivity. Our distributors are required to sell only our products at KBS branded retail outlets managed by them or authorized retailers.●Geographic Coverage. Distributors are granted exclusive rights to distribute our products (directly and indirectly through their subdistributors) in theretail stores within the specified geographic area with no overlapping of distributors within our distribution network. However, we retain the right to operatedirect stores anywhere regardless of whether we have appointed distributors there.●Duration. The distribution agreements generally have an initial term of one year and are renewable at our discretion after taking into account factors suchas compliance with our brand management policies and sales performance.●Distributor Pricing. Distributors agree to order our products at a discount from our suggested retail prices. The discounted wholesale prices todistributors are classified into the following three categories: provincial distributor at a discount of 35% of retail price, district distributor is 30% of retailprice and the wholesale distributor is 25% of retail price.●Minimum Purchase Requirement. Each of our distributors is customarily expected to purchase a minimum amount of our products for each trade fair heldbiannually according to their present and expected distribution network. The minimum is typically RMB800,000 (approximately $110,000) for each store.●Payment and Delivery. Normally, we expect distributors to pay us RMB0.5 million (approximately $74,000) to RMB1 million (approximately $148,148) as adeposit upon placing an order. Upon delivery of the orders, we will deduct amounts on deposit from the purchase price. For new and small districtdistributors, we normally require them to pay the balance before the delivery of its products. We may also accept payment on credit terms to the extentrequested by distributors experiencing working capital difficulties or encouraging them to order more. The amount and duration of credit granted to eachdistributor will depend on its financial position and creditworthiness. We handle the arrangements for delivery of our products, but the distributors arenormally expected to bear the related costs and expenses.32Table of Contents●Return of Products. We will only accept product returns from distributors for quality reasons and only if the distributors followed our standard proceduresin processing the returned products. So far, we have not experienced any product returns due to expressed quality reasons.●Retail Pricing. Other than at times when we launch promotional campaigns or adjust our strategies, distributors must adopt, and are required to procuretheir subdistributors to adopt, our suggested retail prices for products. Distributors must obtain our consent before launching any distributor specificspecial offers.●Brand Management. Distributors must comply with our brand management policies and store management guidelines. We may impose penalties, forfeitureof deposit, suspend supply of products and terminate the agreement in the event of any breach of such policies.●Termination. We may generally terminate the distribution agreements and seek indemnification in the event of breach by distributors. In the event of sometypes of breach, we may not terminate the agreement but have other remedies. For example, if a distributor fails to order all products provided for under thedistributorship agreement, we may instead impose forfeiture of deposit or withhold certain benefits.When opening new retail stores, our distributors conduct research on the market potential of the proposed retail sites, after which they will provide us with anapplication for opening a new retail store. In reviewing applications, we consider factors including the store location, store layout, available area, marketopportunities, competitors and estimated sales. We conduct selected onsite investigations to verify applications filed by our distributors. Our retail stores aregenerally located in convenient retail locations in their respective cities and thus benefit from high volumes of pedestrian traffic.Effective monitoring of distributors and their retail stores is critical to our success. We have a team in our marketing, sales and distribution department to monitorour distributors’ and their subdistributors’ performance, who conduct onsite inspections of selected retail stores each quarter without prior notice to ensurecompliance with our store management guidelines. According to the results of our inspections, we, from time to time, make suggestions to our distributors withrespect to the opening or closure of their retail stores. Distributors also need to submit to us their annual/ semiannual plans to estimate their orders for the nextseason and their plan to improve the performance of existing retail stores or expand by opening new retail stores. This reporting system enables us to access uptodate sales projections of our distributors and their subdistributors, which reflects the overall level of retail sales of our products. It also provides us with theexpansion plan of each distributor which helps us prepare our overall development plan in a more accurate manner.We invite our distributors, as well as a select number of their subdistributors and retail store managers, to attend our sales fairs, which are held twice a year. Duringthe sales fairs, we discuss with our distributors and their subdistributors the upcoming product line. Apart from participating in two sales fairs each year, ourdistributors visit us from time to time and contact us as necessary, which allows us to have access to updated market information. We also provide training fordistributors and their subdistributors in the areas of sales techniques, customer service and product knowledge, typically prior to the launch of our new collectionseach year. We believe that these investments help to improve the operations of the sales network and provide additional valueadded services to retain ourdistributors and their subdistributors.The following table lists by region the number of retail stores operated by distributors and subdistributors as of December 31, 2018:LocationAs ofDecember 31,2018Fujian6Guangdong2Guangxi3Jiangsu4Anhui2Chongqing4Tianjin3Hebei4Sichuan4Total3233Table of ContentsPricing PolicyWe sell our products to our distributors at uniform discounts from our suggested retail prices. We have a suggested retail price policy that applies to all our storesto help maintain brand image, ensure consistent pricing levels from region to region and prevent price competition among our distributors. In determining our pricingstrategies, we take into account market supply and demand, production cost and the prices of our competitors’ similar products. Our sales representatives collectand record the retail prices of our products sold by our retailers. We analyze the information collected and engage in discussions with our distributors to ensure thatthey follow our pricing policy. See “Franchised Stores” above.ProductionOriginally located in Shishi City in Fujian Province and started production in 2006, our production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China.The facility currently has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famoussportswear producers. Our production facility was operating at full capacity between 2009 and 2012. In 2014, we produced about 0.39 million units at the operatingcapacity of 19.5%; while in 2015,we produced about 0.48 million units at the operating capacity of 24%. In 2016, we produced about 0.54 million units at the operatingcapacity of 27%.In 2017 and 2018, we produced about 0.30 million and 0.49 million units at the operating capacity of 15% and 25%. Since 2011, we have been negotiating with the local government to acquire land use rights for our current facility consisting of 110,557 square meters. We obtaineda portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square meters and 2,440 square meters in March 2012 and May 2012, respectively, and have finishedthe construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factoryin year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with localresidents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. While we cannot guaranteewhen and whether the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land will be eventually completed, we believe we will be in a better position toschedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Once completed, our total production capacity of the facility isexpected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.All of the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers bear the brand name KBS. As of December 31, 2018, we had 3 ODM contractmanufacturers and 3 OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had 3 and 6 OEM contract manufacturers, respectively. Oursourcing strategy is based upon the quality of fabrics and workmanship that our customers expect from the KBS brand. The costs of our outsourced productionamounted to approximately $8.38 million, $10.94 million and$26.1 million for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, accounting forapproximately 27.3%, 31% and 66.8% of our total cost of sales in the respective periods.As of December 31, 2018, our principal ODM and OEM contract suppliers included the following:No.1Bai Tian Ni (Fujian) Clothing fabric Co. Ltd2Shishi Hua Lai Shi Clothing Co. Ltd3Jinjiang City Hongtawanheng trading Co. Ltd4Fujian Gumaite Clothing Technology Co. Ltd5Shishi Rongpeng Clothing Co. Ltd6Hubei Mingyuan Clothing Co. LtdWe are not materially reliant on any single ODM or OEM contract supplier.34Table of ContentsInventory ManagementWe recognize that controlling the level of inventory is important to our overall operational efficiency and cost control. Based on the purchase orders our distributorsand the department store chains place at our biannual sales fairs, we are able to anticipate the demand for our products in advance and plan ahead for our ownmanufacturing and the orders we will be required to place with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We generally plan purchases of raw materials and placemanufacturing orders with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers immediately after each of our two seasonal sales fairs, usually in May for our autumn andwinter products and in October for our spring and summer products, where we confirm sales orders with our distributors and department store chains. This enablesus and our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to have sufficient time, ranging from two to eight weeks, to produce the products and provide our productssuitable for a specific season to our distributors and department store chains on a justintime basis so as to minimize our inventory levels. The alternative way tocontrol cost is when if we have chance to buy materials which the price is much lower than market price, we will buy it in advance and give to OEM contractmanufactures use our material to produce.Quality ControlProduct quality control is a critical aspect of our business. Our dedicated quality control team performs various quality inspection and testing procedures, includingrandom sample testing at different stages of our production process, to ensure that our products meet or exceed the expectations of our consumers. We also performroutine product inspections on every batch of our products and sample testing to ensure consistent quality of our products, including semifinished and finishedproducts.We have implemented a centralized system for procurement and inspection of raw materials and ancillary components to help ensure a stable and high qualitysupply. Those materials and components that fail to meet our tests may be returned to the suppliers for replacement. Our quality control team also carries out qualitycontrol procedures on the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We conduct onsite inspections of our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers before we enter into business relationships with them. We also send our inhouse quality control staff onsite to our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers to monitor the entire production process. The initial product inspections are performed onsite by our staff before these products are shipped to ourheadquarters for further inspection and storage in our warehouse. We also provide technical training to ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to assist them withquality control of the production processes and inspect preproduction samples and finished products from ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We have notencountered any material disruptions to our business as a result of the failure of any of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to meet our quality standards.In order to further improve the quality of our products and shorten our delivery cycle, we intend to increase our control over the manufacturing process andproduction cycle of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers, primarily by requiring our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to implement stricter and morecomprehensive quality control procedures, which cover each stage of the production process, from raw material selection and procurement to finished productspackaging and delivery. We also intend to apply more stringent standards for inspecting products manufactured for us by our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers.Marketing and AdvertisingWe have conducted multichannel marketing campaigns to advertise our products to our target customers through advertising in newspapers, magazines, theInternet, and billboards, and organizing regular and frequent instore marketing activities and road shows.We have implemented strict requirements on our distributors with respect to the display and promotion of our products to ensure consistent branding and enhancemarketing results. Our distributors are required to ensure that our marketing strategies are implemented at the retail outlets managed or authorized by them, includingdisplaying our products according to our specifications and using our billboard advertisements. We also assign sales representatives to monitor the instoredisplays of our products at various retail outlets on a regular basis to help ensure that our retailers have followed our product display policies.In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 our total advertising and promotional expenses amounted to approximately $1.21 million, $1.59 million and $1.55million, respectively, which accounted for approximately 6.6%, 7.5% and 3.8% of our revenues in the respective periods.35Table of ContentsCompetitionThe menswear industry in China is a fragmented industry. Competition mainly comes from local market players such as Exceed, Xiniya, Zuoan and Cabbeen. Webelieves that we differentiate ourselves by providing more fashionable, youngerlooking and leisure products, and competitive pricing without giving up the casualfeel of our products.We compete primarily on the basis of product design, brand recognition, operational efficiency and a low cost structure. Some of our domestic competitors have astronger customer base, greater resources and more industry expertise than us. However, we believe that we can continue to successfully compete with our localcompetitors due to our unique product designs.Intellectual PropertyWe currently have the licenses to use two registered trademarks in the PRC.The registered trademarks on which we have licenses are the following:TrademarkRegistration No.Valid TermKBS4342760Jan 1, 2019 August 28, 2028Ka bi sports5462336March 14, 2010 March 12,2020We believe that these trademarks provide significant value as they are important for marketing and building brand recognition. We are not aware of any third partycurrently using trademarks similar to our trademarks in the PRC on the same products.InsuranceWe do not have any business liability, interruption or litigation insurance coverage for our operations in China. Insurance companies in China offer limited businessinsurance products. While business interruption insurance is available to a limited extent in China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of suchinsurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance.Therefore, we are subject to business and product liability exposure. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—We have limited insurance coverage inChina and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses.”RegulationBecause our primary operating subsidiaries are located in China, we are subject to China’s national and local laws detailed below. We believe that we are in materialcompliance with all registrations and requirements for the issuance and maintenance of all licenses required by the governing bodies and that all license fees andfilings are current. This section summarizes the major PRC regulations relating to our business.Regulations Relating to Foreign InvestmentInvestment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are mainly governed by the Guidance Catalog of Industries for Foreign Investment (2017 revision), or theCatalog, which was promulgated jointly by MOFCOM and the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, on June 28, 2017 and entered into forceon July 28, 2017. The Catalog divides industries into four categories in terms of foreign investment, which are “encouraged,” “restricted,” and “prohibited,” and allindustries that are not listed under one of these categories are deemed to be “permitted.” Establishment of wholly foreignowned enterprises is generally allowed inencouraged and permitted industries. Some restricted industries are limited to equity or contractual joint ventures, while in some cases Chinese partners are requiredto hold the majority interests in such joint ventures. In addition, foreign investment in restricted category projects is subject to government approvals. Foreigninvestors are not allowed to invest in industries in the prohibited category. Industries not listed in the Catalogue are generally open to foreign investment unlessspecifically restricted by other PRC regulations.36Table of ContentsIn June 2018, MOFCOM and NDRC promulgated the Special Management Measures (Negative List) for the Access of Foreign Investment, or the Negative List,effective July 2018. The Negative List expands the scope of permitted industries by foreign investment by reducing the number of industries that fall within theNegative List where restrictions on the shareholding percentage or requirements on the composition of board or senior management still exists. Foreign investmentin valueadded telecommunications services (except for ecommerce) falls within the Negative List.In October 2016, MOFCOM issued the Interim Measures for Recordfiling Administration of the Establishment and Change of Foreigninvested Enterprises, or FIERecordfiling Interim Measures, most recently amended in July 2017. Pursuant to FIE Recordfiling Interim Measures, the establishment and change of foreigninvested enterprises are subject to recordfiling procedures, instead of prior approval requirements, provided that such establishment or change does not involvespecial entry administration measures. If the establishment or change of foreigninvested enterprises matters involve the special entry administration measures, theapproval of the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterparts is still required.Regulations Relating to Product QualityThe principal legal provisions governing product liability are set forth in the PRC Product Quality Law, which was promulgated in February 1993 by the SCNPC andamended in July 2000 and August 2009.The PRC Product Quality Law stipulates the responsibilities and obligations of product sellers and producers. Violations of the PRC Product Quality Law may resultin the imposition of fines. In addition, the seller or producer may be ordered to suspend its operations, and its business license may be revoked. There may also bePART IPART IIPART III20F 1 f20f2018_kbsfashiongroup.htm FORM 20FUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F(Mark One)☐REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ___________ to ___________OR¨SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report:Commission file number: 00135715KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)Not Applicable(Translation of Registrant’s Name Into English)Republic of the Marshall Islands(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)Xin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of China(Address of Principal Executive Offices)Mr. Keyan Yan, Chief Executive OfficerXin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of ChinaTel: + (86) 595 8889 6198Fax: (86) 595 8850 5328(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of Each ClassName of Each Exchange On Which RegisteredCommon Stock, $0.0001 par valueNASDAQ Capital MarketSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.Units, Common Stock Purchase Warrants(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.None(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report(December 31, 2018): 2,271,299Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐No ☒If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of“large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large Accelerated Filer ☐Accelerated Filer ☐NonAccelerated Filer ☒Emerging Growth Company☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting StandardsCodification after April 5, 2012.Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:U.S. GAAP ☐International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting StandardsBoard ☒Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ☐ Item17 ☐Item 18If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒Annual Report on Form 20FYear Ended December 31, 2018TABLE OF CONTENTSPageITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS2A.Directors and Senior Management2B.Advisors2C.Auditors2ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE2A.Offer Statistics2B.Method and Expected Timetable2ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATION2A.Selected Financial Data2B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY24A.History and Development of the Company24B.Business Overview26C.Organizational Structure42D.Property, Plants and Equipment43ITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS44ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS44A.Principal Factors Affecting Financial Performance45B.Liquidity and Capital Resources50C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.51D.Trend Information51E.Off Balance Sheet Arrangements51F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations52G.Safe Harbor62ITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES63A.Directors and Senior Management63B.Compensation64C.Board Practices65D.Employees66E.Share Ownership66ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS67A.Major Shareholders67B.Related Party Transactions67C.Interests of Experts and Counsel67iTable of ContentsITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATION67A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information67B.Significant Changes68ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTING68A.Offer and Listing Details68B.Plan of Distribution68C.Markets68D.Selling Shareholders68E.Dilution68F.Expenses of the Issue68ITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATION69A.Share Capital69B.Memorandum and Articles of Association69C.Material Contracts71D.Exchange Controls71E.Taxation74F.Dividends and Paying Agents79G.Statement by Experts79H.Documents on Display79I.Subsidiary Information79ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK79ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES80A.Debt Securities80B.Warrants and Rights80C.Other Securities80D.American Depositary Shares80ITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES81ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS81ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES81A.Disclosure Controls and Procedures81B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting81C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm81D.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting82ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT82ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICS82ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES82ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES82ITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS83ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT83ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCE83ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE83ITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 19.EXHIBITS84iiTable of ContentsINTRODUCTORY NOTESUse of Certain Defined TermsExcept as otherwise indicated by the context and for the purposes of this report only, references in this report to:●“KBS,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” are to KBS Fashion Group Ltd., a company organized in the Republic of the Marshall Islands;●““KBS International,” refers to KBS International Holding Inc., a Nevada corporation, which was dissolved in August 2014;●“Hongri PRC,” refers to Hongri (Fujian) Sports Goods Co., Ltd., which is our wholly owned subsidiary organized in the PRC;●“Hongri International” are to Hongri International Holdings Limited, which is our wholly owned subsidiary and a company organized in the BVI;●“BVI” are to the British Virgin Islands;●“Hong Kong” are to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China;●“PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China;●“SEC” are to the Securities and Exchange Commission;●“Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;●“Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;●“Renminbi” and “RMB” are to the legal currency of China; and●“U.S. dollars,” “dollars” and “$” are to the legal currency of the United States.ForwardLooking InformationIn addition to historical information, this report contains forwardlooking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of theExchange Act. We use words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “target,” “plan,” “optimistic,” “intend,” “aim,” “will” or similar expressions whichare intended to identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, among others, those concerning market and industry segment growth and demandand acceptance of new and existing products; any projections of sales, earnings, revenue, margins or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategiesand objectives of management for future operations; and any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, as well as all assumptions,expectations, predictions, intentions or beliefs about future events. You are cautioned that any such forwardlooking statements are not guarantees of futureperformance and involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions, which, if they were to ever materialize or prove incorrect, could cause the results of theCompany to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forwardlooking statements. Potential risks and uncertainties include, among other things, thepossibility that we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues and profits due to our failure to anticipate consumer preferences and develop newmenswear products, our failure to execute our business expansion plan, changes in domestic and foreign laws, regulations and taxes, changes in economicconditions, uncertainties related to China’s legal system and economic, political and social events in China, a general economic downturn, a downturn in thesecurities markets, and other risks and uncertainties which are generally set forth under Item 3 “Key information—D. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and our other filings with the SEC. These reports attempt toadvise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects. The forwardlookingstatements made in this report speak only as of the date hereof and we disclaim any obligation, except as required by law, to provide updates, revisions oramendments to any forwardlooking statements to reflect changes in our expectations or future events.On February 3, 2017, approved by the shareholders, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen (1for15) reverse stock split of the Company’s issued andoutstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided that shareholders are entitled to receive the number ofshares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Stock Market on a splitadjusted basis when themarket opened on February 9, 2017. All references in this report to share and per share data have been adjusted, including historical data which have beenretroactively adjusted, to give effect to the reverse stock split unless specified otherwise.1Table of ContentsPART IITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERSA.Directors and Senior ManagementNot applicable.B.AdvisorsNot applicable.C.AuditorsNot applicable.ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLEA.Offer StatisticsNot applicable.B.Method and Expected TimetableNot applicable.ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATIONA.Selected Financial DataThe following table presents selected financial data regarding our business. It should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and relatednotes contained elsewhere in this annual report and the information under Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” The selected consolidatedstatements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, and the selected consolidated statements of financialposition data as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are included in this annual reportbeginning on page F1. The selected consolidated statements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the selectedconsolidated statements of financial position data as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements thatare not included in this annual report.Our consolidated financial statements were prepared and presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by theInternational Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The selected financial data information is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the historicalconsolidated financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere herein. The financial statements contained elsewhere fully represent our financial conditionand operations; however, they are not indicative of our future performance.2Table of ContentsYears ended December 31,20182017201620152014Statement of Income DataTotal revenue$18,535,116$23,762,536$41,200,205$61,343,681$58,832,481Total cost of sales(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)(46,511,274)(39,416,973)Gross profit(2,316,136)(11,511,816)2,158,27214,832,40719,415,508Distribution and selling expenses(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)(6,621,256)(7,191,606)Administrative expenses(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)2,798,082(4,649,229)Profit for the year(17,968,597)(14,815,596)(11,902,688)1,243,6706,876,982Total comprehensive income for the year(20,040,295)(10,004,880)(18,028,121)(4,801,102)6,526,172Outstanding shares2,299,9151,860,8311,750,1421,694,4891,694,489Earnings per share, basic diluted8.067.966.800.734.06Balance Sheet DataCash and cash equivalents$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,341$21,214,080$20,604,583Noncurrent assets29,837,87540,966,31934,754,94247,221,52952,929,386Current assets31,328,13140,343,38656,343,82362,098,95162,093,570Working capital24,463,44633,060,87748,647,18553,598,85452,704,076Total assets61,166,00681,309,70591,098,765109,310,480115,022,956Current liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,500,0979,389,493Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,503,5069,404,880Equity54,301,32174,027,19683,402,127100,816,974105,618,076B.Capitalization and IndebtednessNot applicable.C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of ProceedsNot applicable.D.Risk FactorsAn investment in our capital stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the otherinformation included in this annual report, before making an investment decision. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial conditionor results of operations could suffer. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.3Table of ContentsRISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSGeneral economic conditions, including a prolonged weakness in the economy, may affect consumer discretionary spending, which could adversely affect ourbusiness and financial performance.The apparel industry has historically been subject to substantial cyclical variations. Our business and financial performance are dependent on a number of factorsimpacting consumer discretionary spending, including general economic and business conditions; consumer confidence; wages and employment levels; thehousing market; consumer debt levels; availability of consumer credit; credit and interest rates; fuel and energy costs; energy shortages; taxes; general politicalconditions, both domestic and abroad. Consumer product purchases, including purchases of our products, may decline during recessionary periods. Our ability toaccess the capital markets may be restricted at a time when we would like, or need, to raise capital, which could impair on our ability to open additional stores orbuild additional manufacturing lines. In addition, as domestic and international economic conditions change, trends in consumer spending on discretionary items,including our merchandise, become unpredictable and subject to reductions due to economic uncertainties. A prolonged economic recovery or an uncertain outlookin the economy could result in additional declines in consumer discretionary spending, which could materially affect our financial performance.A contraction in apparel sales and production could impair our results of operations and liquidity and jeopardize our supply base.Apparel sales and production are cyclical and depend, among other things, on general economic conditions and consumer spending and preferences. As thevolume of apparel production fluctuates, the demand for our products also fluctuates. A contraction in apparel sales could harm our results of operations andliquidity. In addition, our suppliers would also be subject to many of the same consequences which could pressure their results of operations and liquidity.Depending on an individual supplier’s financial condition and access to capital, its viability could be challenged which could impact its ability to perform as weexpect and consequently our ability to meet our own commitments.If we are unable to anticipate consumer preferences and develop new menswear products, we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues andprofits.Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define apparel trends as well as to anticipate, gauge and react to changing consumer demands formenswear in a timely manner. Our target market of consumers comprises urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 with moderatetohigh levels of disposableincome. Our business is particularly sensitive to their fashion preferences, which cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumeracceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, and our future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes. If we failto anticipate accurately and respond to trends and shifts in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing product offerings, developing new products,designs, styles and categories, we could experience lower sales, excess inventories and lower profit margins. In a distressed economic and retail environment, manyof our competitors may engage in aggressive activities, such as markdowns or other promotional sales to dispose of excess, slowmoving inventory, furtherincreasing the need to react appropriately to changing consumer preferences and fashion trends. Failure to do so could adversely affect the level of acceptance ofour products, our brand image and our relationship with our distributors, and therefore have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results ofoperations.The apparel industry is highly competitive, and if we fail to compete effectively, we could lose our market position.The menswear industry is highly competitive in China and worldwide. We compete with various domestic brands with similar business models and target markets.We also compete with a growing number of international brands trying to expand their market share in China to take advantage of rising consumer spending oncasual menswear. Our primary international and domestic competitors include Exceed, Xiniya, Cabbeen, GXG and NQ. Some of our competitors are significantlylarger and have greater financial resources than we do. In order to compete effectively, we must: (1) maintain the image of our brands and our reputation forinnovation and high quality; (2) be flexible and innovative in responding to rapidly changing market demands on the basis of brand image, style, performance andquality; and (3) offer consumers a wide variety of high quality products at competitive prices.4Table of ContentsThe purchasing decisions of consumers are highly subjective and can be influenced by many factors, such as brand image, marketing programs and productfeatures. Some of our competitors enjoy competitive advantages, including greater brand recognition and greater financial resources for competitive activities, suchas sales, marketing and strategic acquisitions. The number of our direct competitors and the intensity of competition may increase as we expand into other productlines or as other companies expand into our product lines. Our competitors may enter into business combinations or alliances that strengthen their competitivepositions or prevent us from taking advantage of such combinations or alliances. Our competitors also may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than wecan to new or changing opportunities, standards or consumer preferences. Our results of operations and market position may be adversely impacted by ourcompetitors and the competitive pressures in the menswear industries.Failure to effectively promote or develop our brand could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.We sell all our products under the KBS brand, from which we derive most of our revenues. Brand image is an important factor that affects a customer’s purchasingdecision for menswear products. Our success therefore depends on, among other things, market recognition and acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture,lifestyle, and images associated with the brand, some of which may not be within our control. We have limited control over our distributors that we rely upon to sellour products, which may limit our ability to ensure a consistent brand image. See “Risks Factors Related to Our Business –We have limited control over the ultimateretail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhere to, or fail to cause the third party retail outletoperators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.” We began designing, promoting, and selling KBS branded products in China in 2006. To effectivelypromote KBS brand, we need build and maintain the brand image by focusing on a variety of promotional and marketing activities to promote brand awareness, aswell as to increase its presence in the markets in which we compete. There is no assurance that we will be able to effectively promote or develop KBS brand, and ifwe fail to do so, the goodwill of KBS brand may be undermined and our business as well as our financial results may be adversely affected. In addition, negativepublicity or disputes regarding KBS brand, products, company, or management could materially and adversely affect public perception of KBS brand. Any impact onour ability to continue to sell KBS brand or any significant damage to KBS brand’s image could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends on the continued service of our senior executives and other key employees. In particular, we rely on the expertise, experience,and business contacts, of Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ms. Lixia Tu, our Director and Chief Financial Officer and Mr. ThemisKalapotharakos, our director. If one or more of our senior executives are unable or unwilling to continue to work for us in their present positions, we may have tospend a considerable amount of time and resources searching, recruiting, and integrating the replacements into our operations, which would substantially divertmanagement’s attention from and severely disrupt the Company business. This may also adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategy. Moreover, ifany of our senior executives joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, suppliers and key employees.Failure to execute our business expansion plan could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.A large part of our initial growth resulted from an increase in the number of our retail sales outlets, including corporate and franchised stores, and the increased salesvolume and profitability provided by these sales outlets. The number of our sales outlets increased from 8 in 2006 to 33 in year 2018.5Table of ContentsWe have our factory located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China, consisting of an aggregate of 110,457 square meters of land. Currently the facility there has aproduction capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year and can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces original equipmentmanufacturer (OEM) products for online stores, regional apparel brands and overseas orders. The construction commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases:Phase 1 consists of the construction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We havecompleted the construction of facilities of Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Phase 3 construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has beendelayed because the local government needs additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Because the time forthe government to resolve this matter is uncertain, we wrote off the land use right of the third parcel of land from account balance, according to the internationalframework reporting standard. Phase 4 includes building production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quartersand living facilities on the third parcel of land. As a result, our commitments to this facility may reduce our liquidity for an indefinite period and until it is completed.We could also indefinitely lose opportunities to expand our sales due to any further delay of our construction.The decision to increase our production capacity was based in part on our projections of market demand for our products and OEM orders from other brand nameowners. If actual customer demand does not meet our projections, we will likely suffer overcapacity problems and may have to leave capacity idle or need to contractout our facilities at an unfavorable price, which may reduce our overall profitability and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our futuresuccess depends on our ability to expand the Company’s business to address growth in demand for our current and future products.Our ability to expand the Company’s business is subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including:●the unavailability of additional funding to invest more in brand recognition such as advertisement, expand our production capacity, purchase additionalfixed assets and purchase raw materials on favorable terms or at all;●our inability to manage an online shop, hire qualified personnel and establish distribution methods;●conditions in the commercial real estate market existing at the time we seek to expand;●delays and cost overruns as a result of a number of factors, many of which may be beyond our control, such as problems with equipment vendors andcontract manufacturers;●failure to maintain high quality control standards;●shortage of raw materials;●our inability to obtain, or delays in obtaining, required approvals by relevant government authorities;●diversion of significant management attention and other resources; and●failure to execute our expansion plan effectively.The expansion of our business may place significant strain on our personnel, management, financial systems and operational infrastructure and may impede ourability to meet any increased demand for our products. To accommodate the Company’s growth, we will need to implement a variety of new and upgradedoperational and financial systems, procedures, and controls, including improvements to our accounting and other internal management systems, by dedicatingadditional resources to our reporting and accounting function and improvements to our record keeping and contract tracking system. We will also need to recruitmore personnel and train and manage our growing employee base. Furthermore, we will need to maintain and expand relationships with our current and futurecustomers, suppliers, distributors and other third parties, and there is no guarantee that we will succeed.In the future, we also intend to invest more resources to research and purchase online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that we will have betteropportunities to expand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores. In addition, we will keep on exploring other areas and business models, such as theuse of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends.If we encounter any of the risks described above or if we are otherwise unable to establish or successfully operate online shops or additional production capacity,we may be unable to grow our business and revenues, reduce our operating costs, maintain our competitiveness or improve our profitability and, consequently, ourbusiness, financial condition, results of operations and prospects will be adversely affected.6Table of ContentsIf we are unable to fund capital expenditures or obtain additional sources of liquidity when we need it, our business may be adversely affected. In addition, ifwe obtain equity financing, the issuance of our equity securities could cause dilution for our stockholders. To the extent we obtain the financing through theissuance of debt securities, our debt service obligations could increase, and we may become subject to restrictive operating and financial covenants.We anticipate that we will make substantial capital investments to expand our business within the next 3 years. There is no assurance that we will have sufficientcash to fund our anticipated capital expenditures. If we need but are unable to obtain adequate financing with on terms favorable to us, we may be unable tosuccessfully maintain our operations and accomplish our growth strategy. In addition, we may be unable to generate sufficient cash internally or obtain alternativesources of capital to fund our proposed capital expenditures, take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures. As a result, we mayseek to sell additional equity securities, debt securities, or borrow from lending institutions. Any issuance of equity securities could cause dilution for ourstockholders. Any incurrence of indebtedness could increase our debt service obligations and cause us to be subject to restrictive operating and financecovenants. Our ability to obtain external financing in the future is also subject to a number of uncertainties, including:●Our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;●general market conditions for financing activities by companies in our industry;●economic, political and other conditions in China and elsewhere; and●uncertain economic prospect and tightened credit markets resulting from the recent global economic slowdown and financial market crisis.If we are unable to obtain funding in a timely manner or on commercially acceptable terms, or at all, our growth prospects and future profitability may be materiallyadversely affected. Adverse changes in the capital markets could make it difficult to obtain capital or obtain it at attractive rates.Our past results may not be indicative of our future performance and evaluating our business and prospects may be difficult.Our business has gone through various stages of the business life cycle in recent years as demonstrated by our growth in net sales, which reached $99.6 million forthe year ended December 31, 2013, while in 2014 our net sales decreased by 40% to $58.8 million and in year 2015 net sales went up slightly by 4.3% to $61.3 million,our net sales decreased by 32.8% to $41.2 million in 2016, net sales decreased 42% to $23.8 million in 2017 and net sales further decreased 22% to $18.53 million in2018. The decrease in sales in 2016, 2017 and 2018 as compared with 2013 was mainly due to the slowdown of the Chinese economic growth and a challenging retailenvironment. As a result, we cannot assure that we will be able to achieve similar growth in future periods as recent years before 2014, and our historical operatingresults may not provide a meaningful basis for evaluating our business, financial performance and prospects. Moreover, our ability to achieve satisfactoryproduction results at higher volumes is unproven. Therefore, you should not rely on our past results or our historical rate of growth as an indication of our futureperformance.We experience fluctuations in operating results.Our annual and quarterly operating results have fluctuated, and are expected to continue to fluctuate. Among the factors that may cause our operating results tofluctuate are customers’ response to merchandise offerings, the timing of the rollout of new sales outlets, seasonal variations in sales, the timing of merchandisereceipts, the level of merchandise returns, changes in merchandise mix and presentation, our cost of merchandise, unanticipated operating costs, and other factorsbeyond our control, such as general economic conditions and actions of competitors.We have historically experienced seasonal fluctuations in our sales. A substantial portion of our revenues are typically earned during the second and fourthquarters and we generally experience lowest revenues during the first and third quarters. If sales during the second and fourth quarters are lower than expected, ouroperating results would be adversely affected, and it would have a disproportionately large impact on our annual operating results. The sales of our products arealso affected by local spending behavior, which are typically affected by seasonal shopping patterns during major Chinese holidays.7Table of ContentsAs a result of these factors, we believe that periodtoperiod comparisons of historical and future results will not necessarily be meaningful and should not be reliedon as an indication of future performance.Our failure to collect the trade receivables or untimely collection could affect our liquidity.Our distributors place advance purchase orders twice a year. From 2015 to 2018, we typically expect and receive payment within 30180 days of product delivery. Inaddition, approximately 83.2% of accounts receivables are within a 180 days credit term. Starting in September 2015, we extended credit to some of our customers to150180 days without requiring collaterals. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of the financial condition of our customers and we generally require no collateralfrom our distributors and authorized retailers to secure their payment obligations. However, our sales going forward may rely more heavily on credit, and if weencounter future problems collecting amounts due from our clients or if we experience delays in the collection of amounts due from our clients, our liquidity could benegatively affected.The Chinese economy experienced a softening of economic growth, and the apparel industry is also facing a downturn. The impact of the current and possiblefuture economic downturn on our distributors cannot be predicted and may be severe, causing a significant impact on their business. As a result, our financialcondition and result of operations could be negatively affected. In addition, if they cannot continue their orders of our products due to the failure of paying us forits previous purchases, our brand image and reputation may be materially negatively affected as well.We rely on distributors for a substantial portion of our sales and the loss of any of our large distributors would harm our business. A substantial portion of our sales are made to distributors that resell our products. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, distributors accounted forapproximately 67% and 73% of our total sales, respectively, and our top five distributors accounted for approximately 23.8% and 34.8% of our total sales,respectively. The marketing efforts of our distributors are critical for our success. If we fail to attract additional distributors, and our existing distributors do notpromote our products at the same or at a greater level than the products of our competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could beadversely affected.Furthermore, there is no assurance that any of our distributors will satisfy the sales targets set forth in their distribution agreements and we or they may not wish torenew the distribution agreements in future years. Moreover, our distributors are not obliged to continue to place orders with the Company at the same level asbefore or at all and there is no assurance that we would be able to obtain orders from other distributors to replace any such lost sales on terms satisfactory to us orall. If any of our largest distributors substantially reduces its purchases from us, or otherwise fails to renew its distribution agreement with us, we may suffer asignificant loss of sales and our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We have limited control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhereto, or fail to cause the third party retail outlet operators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.We rely on the contractual obligations set forth in the distribution agreements that we enter into with our distributors, as well as policies and standards we formulatefrom time to time, to impose our retail policies on these distributors in respect of the franchisee retail outlets. In addition, as we do not enter into any agreementswith the third party retail outlet operators, we rely on our distributors to ensure that these franchisee retail outlets operate in accordance with our retail policies. Assuch, our control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and the franchisee retail outlet operators is limited. There is no assurance that our distributors orthe third party franchisee retail outlet operators will comply with, or that the distributors will enforce, our retail policies. As a result, we may not be able to effectivelymanage our sales network or maintain a uniform brand image, and cannot assure you that franchisee retail outlets would continue to offer quality services toconsumers.8Table of ContentsIn addition, if any of the distributors or third party franchisee retail outlet operators experiences difficulties in selling our products in the retail market, they mayattempt to disregard our pricing policies and liquidate their excessive inventory buildup through aggressive discounts, which may damage the image and the valueof our brand. There is no assurance that we will be able to, in a timely manner, impose penalties on or replace any distributors who consistently fail to comply with,or fail to cause the third party franchisee retail outlet operators appointed by them to comply with, our retail policies in their operation of franchisee retail outlets. Insuch event, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We may not be able to accurately track the inventory levels at our distributors, retailers or department store concessions.Our ability to track the sales by our distributors to thirdparty retailers and the ultimate retail sales by the retailers, and consequently their respective inventorylevels, is limited. We implement a policy to require our distributors to provide us with their sales reports on a weekly basis and we carry out random onsiteinspections of our distributors to track their inventories. The purpose of tracking the inventory level is mainly to gather information regarding the market acceptanceof our products so that we can reflect consumers’ preferences in the design and development of our products for the next season. The tracking of inventory levelalso helps us to understand the market recognition of our products in a particular region, and thus allows us to adjust our marketing strategy if necessary. Theimplementation of the policy, however, requires the distributors to accurately report the relevant data to us in a timely manner, which is largely dependent on thecooperation of the Company’s distributors. We may not always obtain the required data in time and the data provided to us by our distributors may be inaccurate orincomplete.Inaccurate, mistaken, incomplete or delayed data regarding inventory levels may mislead the Company to make wrong business judgments for its production,marketing efforts and sales strategies. If that happens, our operations and financial results may be materially adversely affected. In addition, if we cannot manageinventory levels properly, future orders of our products may be reduced, which would materially adversely affect our future business, financial condition, results ofoperation and prospects.Our operations could be materially adversely affected if we fail to effectively manage our relationships with, or lose the services of, our OEM contractmanufacturers.The production of our brand name products are 100% outsourced to PRCbased thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2018 and2017 we had 5 and 6 contract manufacturers, respectively. Purchases from our top five OEM contract manufacturers accounted for approximately 92% and 88.6% ofour total purchases for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As we do not enter into longterm contracts with our OEM contractmanufacturers, they may decide not to accept our future OEM orders on the same or similar terms, or at all. If an OEM contract manufacturer decides to substantiallyreduce its volume of supply to us or to terminate its business relationship with us, we may not be able to find a proper replacement in a timely manner and may beforced to default on the agreements with our distributors that sell our products. This may negatively impact our revenues and adversely affect our reputation andrelationships with our distributors that sell our products, causing a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.Further, if any of our OEM contract manufacturers fails to provide the required number of products meeting our quality standards, we may have to delay delivery ofproducts to our distributors, become unable to supply products at all, or even recall products previously dispatched. This could cause the Company to loserevenues or market share and damage our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operationsand prospects. In addition, some OEM contract manufacturers may not fully comply with certain laws, such as labor and environmental laws. If any of our OEMcontract manufacturers is found to have violated laws and regulations in the PRC, media reports on such violations may negatively affect our reputation and image,resulting in material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.9Table of ContentsWhile we provide the designs of our products to the OEM contract manufacturers, as well as guidance for manufacturing the products ordered by us, we do nothave direct control over the OEM contract manufacturers. If any of them is involved in unauthorized production and sale of goods using the KBS brand, ourreputation, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.As the Company grows, our reliance on OEM contract manufacturers may also grow as our added production capacity may not be sufficient to keep pace with theincreased production requirements driven by our growth. We may not be able to find sufficient additional OEM contract manufacturers to produce our products onthe same or similar terms as our existing OEM contract manufacturers, and we may not be able to achieve our growth and development goals.Any interruption in our operations could impair our financial performance and negatively affect our brand. Our operations are complicated and integrated, involving the coordination of thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers and external distribution processes. Whilethese operations are modified on a regular basis in an effort to improve outsourcing and distribution efficiency and flexibility, we may experience difficulties incoordinating the various aspects of our operations processes, thereby causing downtime and delays. In addition, we may encounter interruption in our operationsprocesses due to a catastrophic loss or events beyond our control, such as fires, explosions, labor disturbances or violent weather conditions. Any interruptions inour operations or capabilities at our facilities could result in our inability to procure our products, which would reduce our net sales and earnings for the affectedperiod. If there are delays in delivery times to our customers, our business and reputation could be severely affected. Any significant delays in deliveries to ourcustomers could lead to increased returns or cancellations and cause the Company to lose future sales. The Company currently does not have business interruptioninsurance to offset these potential losses, delays and risks so a material interruption of our business operations could severely damage our business.We rely heavily on our management information system for inventory management, distribution and other functions. If our system fail to perform thesefunctions adequately or if we experience an interruption in our operation, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. The efficient operation of our business is dependent on our management information systems. We rely heavily on our management information systems to manageour order entry, order fulfillment, pricing, pointofsale and inventory replenishment processes. We cannot assure you that our management information system will operate properly or without interruption. Any malfunction to any part or all of our managementinformation system for a prolonged period may cause delays in operations or impairment of our overall business efficiency. We also cannot ensure that the level ofsecurity currently maintained will be sufficient to protect the system from third party intrusions, viruses, lost or stolen data, or similar situations. Additionally, aspart of our growth and development strategy over the next few years, we plan to upgrade and improve our management information system. We cannot assure youthat there will be no interruptions to our management information system during the upgrades or that the new management information system will be able tointegrate fully with the existing information system. The failure of our management information system to perform as we anticipate could disrupt our business and could result in decreased revenue, increased overheadcosts and excess or outofstock inventory levels, causing our business and results of operations to suffer materially. Failure to protect the integrity, security and use of our customers’ information and media could expose us to litigation and materially damage our standingwith our customers. Increasing costs associated with information security — such as increased investment in technology, the costs of compliance with consumer protection laws andcosts resulting from consumer fraud — could cause our business and results of operations to suffer materially. While we have taken significant steps to protectcustomer and confidential information, including entering into confidentiality agreements with relevant employees and incorporate confidentiality clauses in ourpolicies, there can be no assurance that advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments will prevent thecompromise of our customer transaction processing capabilities and personal data. If any such compromise of our security were to occur, it could have a materialadverse effect on our reputation, operating results and financial condition. Any such compromise may materially increase the costs we incur to protect against suchinformation security breaches and could subject us to additional legal risk. Procurement specialists and managers are required to sign a confidentiality agreement. 10Table of ContentsWe have limited insurance coverage in China and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses. Operation of our facilities involves many risks, including equipment failures, natural disasters, industrial accidents, power outages, labor disturbances and otherbusiness interruptions. We do not carry any business interruption insurance, product recall or thirdparty liability insurance for our production facilities or withrespect to our products to cover claims pertaining to personal injury or property or environmental damage arising from defects in our products, product recalls,accidents on our property or damage relating to our operations. While business interruption insurance and other types of insurance are available to a limited extentin China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of such insurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commerciallyreasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Therefore, our existing insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all risks associatedwith our business. As a result, we may be required to pay for financial and other losses, damages and liabilities, including those caused by natural disasters andother events beyond our control, out of our own funds, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our inability to protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights may prevent us from successfully marketing our products and competingeffectively. We believe our trademarks and other intellectual property rights are important to our success and competitive position and recognize the importance of registeringthe trademarks related to our KBS brand for protection against infringement. We currently hold two registered trademarks. Failure to protect our intellectual propertycould harm our brand and our reputation, and adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. Further, enforcing or defending our intellectual property rights,including our trademarks, patents, copyrights and trade secrets, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. We produce, marketand sell our products under registered trademarks. We regard our intellectual property, particularly our trademarks and trade secrets to be of considerable value andimportance to our business and our success. We rely on a combination of trademark, patent, and trade secrecy laws, and contractual provisions to protect ourintellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect these proprietary rights will be adequate or that third parties will notinfringe or misappropriate our trademarks, trade secrets or similar proprietary rights. In addition, there can be no assurance that other parties will not assertinfringement claims against us, and we may have to pursue litigation against other parties to assert our rights. Any such claim or litigation could be costly, and wemay lack the resources required to defend against such claims. In addition, any event that would jeopardize our proprietary rights or any claims of infringement bythird parties could have a material adverse effect on our ability to market or sell our brands, and profitably exploit our products.Environmental regulations impose substantial costs and limitations on our operations. We use chemicals and produce significant emissions in our manufacturing operations. As such, we are subject to various national and local environmental laws andregulations in China concerning issues such as air emissions, wastewater discharges, and solid waste management and disposal. These laws and regulations canrestrict or limit our operations and expose us to liability and penalties for noncompliance. While we believe that our facilities are in material compliance with allapplicable environmental laws and regulations, the risks of substantial unanticipated costs and liabilities related to compliance with these laws and regulations arean inherent part of our business. It is possible that future conditions may develop, arise or be discovered that create new environmental compliance or remediationliabilities and costs. While we believe that we can comply with existing environmental legislation and regulatory requirements and that the costs of compliance havebeen included within budgeted cost estimates, compliance may prove to be more limiting and costly than anticipated.We may be unable to establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, and, as a result, we may be unable to accuratelyreport our financial results or prevent fraud.We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities law. The SEC as required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (“SOX 404”), adoptedrules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal control over financial reporting in its annual report, which mustalso contain management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, the independent registered publicaccounting firm auditing the financial statements of a company that is not a nonaccelerated filer under Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act must also attest to theoperating effectiveness of the company’s internal controls.11Table of ContentsFailure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could result in our inability to accurately report our financial results, prevent or detect fraudor provide timely and reliable financial and other information pursuant to the reporting obligations we have as a public company, which could have a materialadverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, it could cause our investors to lose confidence in the information we report,which could adversely affect our stock price.RISKS RELATED TO DOING BUSINESS IN CHINAOur business operation may be affected if we are forced to relocate our manufacturing facilities and stores.We leased the premises for our office located in Shishi and one corporate store. However, none of our lease agreements have been registered with the relevantgovernmental agencies. According to our PRC legal counsel, without registration, our rights to use and occupy the premises may not be secured if any third partiessuch as other tenants who have registered their lease agreements challenge us under PRC law. Moreover, while we have taken various measures to verify theownership of property such as checking utility bills and search government records, most of our landlords have declined to confirm whether they possess theproperty ownership certificates and land use rights certificates for our properties. As a result, we have been unable to verify whether third parties may assert theirownership rights under PRC law against most of our landlords or challenge most of our leases in the future. If our rights to use the premises are challenged, we maybe forced to relocate to other premises. We may not be able to relocate to a suitable premise promptly or lease alternative premises on terms at least as favorable asour existing ones. In addition, relocation costs and interruption of production may have a material adverse effect on our business operation and financialperformance.Changes in the economic and political policies of the PRC government could have a material and adverse effect on our business and operations.We conduct substantially all our business operations in China. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are significantly dependenton economic and political developments in China. China’s economy differs from the economies of developed countries in many aspects, including the level ofdevelopment, growth rate and degree of government control over foreign exchange and allocation of resources. While China’s economy has experienced significantgrowth in the past 30 years, the growth has been uneven across different regions and periods and among various economic sectors in China. We cannot assure youthat China’s economy will continue to grow, or that if there is growth, such growth will be steady and uniform, or that if there is a slowdown, such slowdown will nothave a negative effect on its business and results of operations.The PRC government exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, control over payment of foreign currencydenominated obligations, implementation of monetary policy, and preferential treatment of particular industries or companies. Certain measures adopted by the PRCgovernment may restrict loans to certain industries, such as changes in the statutory deposit reserve ratio and lending guidelines for commercial banks by thePeople’s Bank of China, or PBOC. These current and future government actions could materially affect our liquidity, access to capital, and ability to operate ourbusiness.The global financial markets experienced significant disruptions in 2008 and the United States, Europe and other economies went into recession. Since 2012, growthof the Chinese economy has slowed. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources.Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy but may also have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operation could bematerially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, any stimulusmeasures designed to boost the Chinese economy, may contribute to higher inflation, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.See “Risks Related to Doing Business in China Future inflation in China may inhibit our ability to conduct business in China.”12Table of ContentsUncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the legal protections available to you and us.We conduct substantially all of our business through our operating subsidiaries in the PRC. Our operating subsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulationsapplicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws applicable to foreigninvested enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes, andprior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, a series of new PRC laws and regulations have significantlyenhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, since the PRC legal system continues to evolve rapidly, theinterpretations of many laws, regulations, and rules are not always uniform, and enforcement of these laws, regulations, and rules involve uncertainties, which maylimit legal protections available to you and us. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources andmanagement attention. In addition, most of our executive officers and directors are residents of China and not of the United States, and substantially all the assets ofthese persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it could be difficult for investors to affect service of process in the United States or to enforce ajudgment obtained in the United States against our Chinese operations and subsidiaries.You may have difficulty enforcing judgments against us.Most of our assets are located outside of the United States and most of our current operations are conducted in the PRC. In addition, most of our directors andofficers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons is located outside the UnitedStates. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce inU.S. courts judgments on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, most of whom are not residents inthe United States and the substantial majority of whose assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts ofthe PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts. Our counsel as to PRC law has advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgmentsare provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. Courts in China may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRCCivil Procedures Law based on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have anytreaties or other arrangements that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments with the United States. In addition, according to thePRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violatesbasic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security, or the public interest. So, it is uncertain whether a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by acourt in the United States.The PRC government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities.The PRC government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and stateownership. Our ability to operate in China may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, import and export tariffs,environmental regulations, land use rights, property, and other matters. We believe that our operations in China are in material compliance with all applicable legaland regulatory requirements. However, the central or local governments of the jurisdictions in which we operate may impose new, stricter regulations orinterpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations orinterpretations.Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision not to continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more centrally plannedeconomy or regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant effect on economic conditions in China or particularregions thereof and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then hold in Chinese properties or joint venturesRestrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our sales effectively. The majority of our sales will be settled in RMB and U.S. dollars, and any future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit our ability to use revenue generated inRMB to fund any future business activities outside China or to make dividend or other payments in U.S. dollars. Although the Chinese government introducedregulations in 1996 to allow greater convertibility of the RMB for current account transactions, significant restrictions still remain, including primarily the restrictionthat foreigninvested enterprises may only buy, sell or remit foreign currencies after providing valid commercial documents, at those banks in China authorized toconduct foreign exchange business. In addition, conversion of RMB for capital account items, including direct investment and loans, is subject to governmentalapproval in China, and companies are required to open and maintain separate foreign exchange accounts for capital account items. We cannot be certain that theChinese regulatory authorities will not impose more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of the RMB in the future.13Table of ContentsFluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.The value of our securities will be indirectly affected by the foreign exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and RMB and between those currencies and othercurrencies in which our sales may be denominated. Appreciation or depreciation in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial resultsreported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations. Fluctuations in the exchange rate will alsoaffect the relative value of any dividend we issue that will be exchanged into U.S. dollars, as well as earnings from, and the value of, any U.S. dollardenominatedinvestments we make in the future.Since July 2005, the RMB has no longer been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Since then the RMB has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly andunpredictably, and in recent years the RMB has depreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progresstowards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate systemand there is no guarantee that the RMB will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how marketforces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future.Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedgingtransactions. While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited, and we may not beable to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition, our foreign currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrictour ability to convert RMB into foreign currencies. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends and other distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you, and otherwise fund and conduct our business. Substantially all of our sales are earned by our PRC subsidiaries. However, PRC regulations restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make dividends and otherpayments to their offshore parent companies. PRC legal restrictions permit payments of dividends by our PRC subsidiaries only out of their accumulated aftertaxprofits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are also required under PRC laws and regulations toallocate at least 10% of their annual aftertax profits determined in accordance with PRC GAAP to a statutory general reserve fund until the amounts in said fundreaches 50% of their registered capital. Allocations to these statutory reserve funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not transferable to us in the formof loans, advances, or cash dividends. Any limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to transfer funds to us could materially and adversely limit our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends and otherwise fund and conduct our business.PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary toliability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital ordistribute profits.SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing andRoundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as “SAFECircular 75” promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of the SAFE in connection with theirdirect establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets orequity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a “special purpose vehicle.” SAFE Circular 37 furtherrequires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capitalcontributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in aspecial purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profitdistributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent crossborder foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted inits ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described abovecould result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for theForeign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015 by SAFE, local banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration foroverseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under SAFE Circular 37 from June 1, 2015.14Table of ContentsAccording to SAFE Circular 37, our shareholders or beneficial owners, who are PRC residents, are subject to SAFE Circular 37 or other foreign exchangeadministrative regulations in respect of their investment in our company. We have notified substantial beneficial owners of ordinary shares who we know are PRCresidents of their filing obligations. Nevertheless, we may not be aware of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. We do not havecontrol over our beneficial owners and there can be no assurance that all of our PRCresident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE Circular 37 and subsequentimplementation rules, and there is no assurance that the registration under SAFE Circular 37 and any amendment will be completed in a timely manner, or will becompleted at all. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their foreign exchange registrations in a timely manner pursuant toSAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with theregistration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to fines andlegal sanctions. Such failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiary and limitour PRC subsidiary’s ability to distribute dividends to our company. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and resultsof operations.Furthermore, SAFE Circular 37 is unclear how this regulation, and any future regulation concerning offshore or crossborder transactions, will be interpreted,amended and implemented by the relevant PRC government authorities, and we cannot predict how these regulations will affect our business operations or futurestrategy. Failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRCsubsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to us. These risks could in the future have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results ofoperations.We may be unable to complete a business combination transaction efficiently or on favorable terms due to complicated merger and acquisition regulationswhich became effective on September 8, 2006.On August 9, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the China Securities Regulatory Commission, promulgated the Regulation on Mergers and Acquisitionsof Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006, and was subsequently amended in 2009. This regulation, among otherthings, governs the approval process of a PRC company’s participation in an acquisition of assets or equity interests. Depending on the structure of the transaction,the regulation requires the PRC parties to make a series of applications and supplemental applications to the government agencies for approval of acquisition ofassets or equity interests from other entity. In some instances, the application process may require a presentation of economic data concerning the transaction,including appraisals of the target business and evaluations of the acquirer, which are designed to allow the government to assess viability of the transaction.Government approvals will have expiration dates, by which a transaction must be completed and reported to the government agencies. Compliance with theregulation is likely to be more time consuming and expensive than it was in the past, and provides the government more controls over business combination of twoenterprises. As a result, our ability to engage in business combination transactions has become significantly more complicated, time consuming, and expensive. Wemay not be able to negotiate a transaction that is acceptable to our stockholders or sufficiently protect their interests in a transaction.The regulation allows PRC governmental agencies to assess the economic terms of a business combination transaction. Parties to a business combinationtransaction may have to submit to MOFCOM and other relevant government agencies an appraisal report, an evaluation report, and the acquisition agreement, all ofwhich were a part of the application for approval, depending on the structure of the transaction. The regulation also prohibits a transaction with an acquisition priceobviously lower than the appraised value of the PRC business or assets and in certain transaction structures, and requires consideration being paid within a definedperiod, generally not in excess of a year. The regulation also limits our ability to negotiate various terms of the acquisition, including the initial consideration,contingent consideration, holdback provisions, indemnification provisions, and provisions related to the assumption and allocation of assets and liabilities.Transaction structures involving trusts, nominees and similar entities are prohibited. Therefore, such regulation may impede our ability to negotiate and complete abusiness combination transaction on financial terms that satisfy our investors and protect our stockholders’ economic interests.15Table of ContentsPRC regulation of loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion mayrestrict or prevent us from using the proceeds of our future financings to make loans to our PRC subsidiaries, or to make additional capital contributions toour PRC subsidiary.We, as an offshore holding company, are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC subsidiary, which are treated as foreigninvestedenterprises under PRC laws, through loans or capital contributions. However, loans by us to any PRC subsidiary to finance its activities cannot exceed statutorylimits and must be registered with the local counterpart of SAFE and capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary are subject to the requirement of making necessaryfilings in the Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System, and registration with other governmental authorities in China.SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital ofForeigninvested Enterprises, or Circular 19, effective on June 1, 2015, in replacement of the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvementof the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign Invested Enterprises, or Circular 142, the Notice from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Exchange Businesses, or Circular 59, and theCircular on Further Clarification and Regulation of the Issues Concerning the Administration of Certain Capital Account Foreign Exchange Businesses, orCircular 45. According to Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of a foreigninvestedcompany is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans, the repayment of interenterprise loans or the repayment ofbank loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of aforeign invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within the PRC, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFEwill permit such capital to be used for equity investments in the PRC in actual practice. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, whichreiterates some of the rules set forth in Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registeredcapital of a foreigninvested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to grant loans to nonassociated enterprises.Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. Circular 19 and Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer anyforeign currency we hold, including the net proceeds from our future financings, to our PRC subsidiary, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability tofund and expand our business in the PRC.Due to the restrictions imposed on loans in foreign currencies extended to any PRC domestic companies, we are not likely to make such loans to any of our PRCsubsidiaries. Meanwhile, we are not likely to finance the activities of our subsidiaries by means of capital contributions given the restrictions on foreign investmentin the businesses that are currently conducted by our subsidiaries.In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannotassure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, withrespect to future loans to our PRC subsidiary or any consolidated variable interest entity or future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiary. As a result,uncertainties exist as to our ability to provide prompt financial support to our PRC subsidiaries when needed. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain suchapprovals, our ability to use foreign currency, including the proceeds we received from our future financings, and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operationsmay be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.16Table of ContentsAny failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal oradministrative sanctions.Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas nonpubliclylisted companies may submit applications to SAFE orits local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. In the meantime, our directors, executive officers andother employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year, subject to limitedexceptions, and who have been granted restricted shares, options or restricted share units, or RSUs, by us or our overseas listed subsidiaries may follow the Noticeon Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company,issued by SAFE in February 2012, to apply for the foreign exchange registration. According to those regulations, employees, directors and other managementmembers participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC citizens residing in China for acontinuous period of not less than one year, subject to limited exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which may be aPRC subsidiary of the overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines andlegal sanctions and may also limit their ability to make payment under the relevant equity incentive plans or receive dividends or sales proceeds related thereto inforeign currencies, or our ability to contribute additional capital into our domestic subsidiaries in China and limit our domestic subsidiaries’ ability to distributedividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties under PRC law that could restrict our ability or the ability of our overseas listed subsidiaries to adoptadditional equity incentive plans for our directors and employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period ofnot less than one year, subject to limited exceptions.In addition, the State Administration of Taxation has issued circulars concerning employee share options, restricted shares or RSUs. Under these circulars,employees working in the PRC who exercise share options, or whose restricted shares or RSUs vest, will be subject to PRC individual income tax. The PRCsubsidiaries of an overseas listed company have obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authoritiesand to withhold individual income taxes of those employees related to their share options, restricted shares or RSUs. If the employees fail to pay, or the PRCsubsidiaries fail to withhold, their income taxes according to relevant laws, rules and regulations, the PRC subsidiaries may face sanctions imposed by the taxauthorities.Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a “resident enterprise” of China. Such classification will likely result in unfavorable taxconsequences to us and our nonPRC shareholders.On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress of China passed a new Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law. On November 28, 2007, the State Council ofChina passed its implementing rules, which took effect on January 1, 2008. Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto managementbodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise,” meaning that it can be treated in a manner similar to a Chinese enterprise for enterprise income taxpurposes. The implementing rules of the EIT Law define de facto management as “substantial and overall management and control over the production andoperations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise.On April 22, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice Concerning Relevant Issues Regarding Cognizance of Chinese Investment ControlledEnterprises Incorporated Offshore as Resident Enterprises. According to the Criteria of de facto Management Bodies, or the Notice, further interprets the applicationof the EIT Law and its implementation nonChinese enterprise or group controlled offshore entities. Pursuant to the Notice, an enterprise incorporated in an offshorejurisdiction and controlled by a Chinese enterprise or group will be classified as a “nondomestically incorporated resident enterprise” if (i) its senior management incharge of daily operations reside or perform their duties mainly in China; (ii) its financial or personnel decisions are made or approved by bodies or persons in China;(iii) its substantial assets and properties, accounting books, corporate chops, board and shareholder minutes are kept in China; and (iv) at least half of its directorswith voting rights or senior management often resident in China. A resident enterprise would be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on its worldwideincome and must pay a withholding tax at a rate of 10%, when paying dividends to its nonPRC shareholders. However, it remains unclear as to whether the Notice isapplicable to an offshore enterprise incorporated by a Chinese natural person, nor detailed measures on imposition of tax from nondomestically incorporatedresident enterprises are available. Therefore, it is unclear how tax authorities will determine tax residency based on the facts of each case.17Table of ContentsWe may be deemed to be a resident enterprise by Chinese tax authorities. If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for the PRCenterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on financingproceeds and nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although, under the EIT Law and its implementingrules, dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued a guidance with respect to the processingof outbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for the PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidanceissued with respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation, which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to ournonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC stockholders from transferring our shares.Our failure to fully comply with PRC laws relating to social insurance and housing accumulation fund may expose it to potential administrative penalties. The PRC laws and regulations require all employers in China to fully contribute their own portion to the social insurance and housing accumulation funds for theiremployees within a certain period of time. Failure to do so may expose the employers to make rectification for the unpaid contributions by the relevant laborauthority. As of the date of this report, Hongri PRC has not paid housing accumulation funds for its employees. In addition, Hongri PRC failed to make contributions to thesocial insurance in full amount for its employees before 2014. PRC governmental authorities may impose penalties on Hongri PRC for failure to comply. In addition, inthe event that any current or former employee files a complaint with the PRC government, Hongri PRC may be subject to making up the contributions to the socialinsurance and housing accumulation funds as well as paying administrative fines. The total cost of these contributions and any related fines or penalties could besignificant and could have a material adverse effect on our working capital. We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Chinese anticorruption laws, and any determination that we violated these lawscould have a material adverse effect on our business. We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act, or FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and theirofficials and political parties by U.S. persons and issuers as defined by the statute, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have operations,agreements with third parties, and make most of our sales in China. The PRC also strictly prohibits bribery of government officials. Our activities in China create therisk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company, even though they may not alwaysbe subject to our control. It is our policy to implement safeguards to discourage these practices by our employees. However, our existing safeguards and any futureimprovements may prove to be less than effective, and the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company may engage in conduct for whichwe might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA or Chinese anticorruption laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to otherliabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the U.S. government may seek to hold our Companyliable for successor liability FCPA violations committed by companies in which we invest or that we acquire. If we become directly subject to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.listed Chinese companies, we may have to expendsignificant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations, stock price and reputation, and could result in a loss ofyour investment in our stock, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favorably. In the past few years, U.S. publicly traded companies that have substantially all of their operations in China, particularly companies like us have been the subject ofintense scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators, and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism,and negative publicity has centered around financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, lacking effective internal controls over financial accounting,inadequate corporate governance policies or lacking of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, criticism, and negativepublicity, the publicly traded stocks of many U.S. listed Chinese companies have sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, have become virtually worthless.Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions, and are conducting internal and external investigations into theallegations. It is not clear the effect of this sectorwide scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity will have on our Company, our business, and our stock price. If webecome the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources toinvestigate such allegations defending our Company. This situation will be costly, time consuming, and distract our management from growing our company.18Table of ContentsThe disclosures in our reports and other filings with the SEC and our other public pronouncements will not be subject to the scrutiny of any regulatory bodiesin the PRC. Accordingly, our public disclosure should be reviewed in light of the fact that no governmental agency that is located in China where all of ouroperations and business are located have conducted any due diligence on our operations or reviewed or cleared any of our disclosure. Unlike public reporting companies whose operations are located primarily in the United States, however, all of our operations will be located in China. Since all of ouroperations and business takes place in China, it may be more difficult for the Staff of the SEC to overcome the geographic and cultural obstacles that are presentwhen reviewing our disclosure. These same obstacles are not present for similar companies whose operations or business take place entirely or primarily in theUnited States. Furthermore, our SEC reports and other disclosure and public pronouncements are not subject to the review or scrutiny of any PRC regulatoryauthority. For example, the disclosure in our SEC reports and other filings are not subject to the review of the CSRC, a PRC regulator that is tasked with oversight ofthe capital markets in China. Accordingly, you should review our SEC reports, filings and our other public pronouncements with the understanding that no localregulator has done any due diligence on our company and with the understanding that none of our SEC reports, other filings or any of our other publicpronouncements has been reviewed or otherwise been scrutinized by any local regulator. Proceedings instituted by the SEC against five PRCbased accounting firms could result in financial statements being determined to be not in compliance withthe requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.In December 2012, the SEC instituted proceedings under Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) of the SEC’s Rules of Practice against five PRCbased accounting firms alleging that thesefirms had violated U.S. securities laws and the SEC’s rules and regulations thereunder by failing to provide to the SEC the firms’ work papers related to their audits ofcertain PRCbased companies that are publicly traded in the United States. Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) grants to the SEC the authority to deny to any person, temporarily orpermanently, the ability to practice before the SEC who is found by the SEC, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, to have willfully violated, or willfully aidedand abetted the violation of, any such laws or rules and regulations. On January 22, 2014, an initial administrative law decision was issued, sanctioning four of theseaccounting firms and suspending them from practicing before the SEC for a period of six months. The sanction will not take effect until there is an order ofeffectiveness issued by the SEC. In February 2014, four of these PRCbased accounting firms filed a petition for review of the initial decision. In February 2015, eachof these four accounting firms agreed to a censure and to pay fine to the SEC to settle the dispute with the SEC. The settlement stays the current proceeding for fouryears, during which time the firms are required to follow detailed procedures to seek to provide the SEC with access to Chinese firms’ audit documents via the CSRC.If a firm does not follow the procedures, the SEC would impose penalties such as suspensions, or commence a new, expedited administrative proceeding against thenoncompliant firm or it could restart the administrative proceeding against all four firms.If our independent registered public accounting firm were denied, temporarily or permanently, the ability to practice before the SEC, and we are unable to find in atimely manner another registered public accounting firm which can audit and issue a report on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determinedto not be in compliance with the requirements for financial statements of public companies with a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the SEC’s revocation of the registration of our common stock under theExchange Act, which would cause the immediate delisting of our common stock from the NASDAQ Capital Market, and the effective termination of the tradingmarket for our common stock in the United States, which would likely have a significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.19Table of ContentsOur holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should we decide inthe future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depend upon the receipts of dividends or other payments fromour operating subsidiaries, other holdings, and investments. In addition, our operating subsidiaries, from time to time, may be subject to restrictions on their abilityto make distributions to us, including as a result of restrictive covenants in loan agreements, restrictions on the conversion of local currency into U.S. dollars orother hard currency, and other regulatory restrictions as discussed below. If future dividends are paid in RMB, fluctuations in the exchange rate for conversion ofRMB into U.S. dollars may reduce the amount received by the U.S. stockholders upon conversion of dividend payments into U.S. dollars.Chinese regulations currently permit the payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards andregulations. Our subsidiaries in China are also required to set aside a portion of their aftertax profits to fund certain reserve funds according to the Chineseaccounting standards and regulations. Currently, our subsidiaries in China are the only sources of revenues or investment holdings for the payment of dividends. Ifthey do not accumulate sufficient profits under Chinese accounting standards and regulations to satisfy certain reserve funds as required by the Chineseaccounting standards, we will be unable to pay any dividends.Aftertax profits/losses with respect to the payment of dividends from accumulated profits and the annual appropriation of aftertax profits as calculated pursuant tothe Chinese accounting standards and regulations do not result in significant differences as compared to aftertax earnings as presented in our financial statements.However, there are certain differences between PRC accounting standards and regulations and U.S. GAAP, arising from different treatment of items such asamortization of intangible assets and change in fair value of contingent consideration rising from business combinations.RISKS RELATED TO THIS OFFERING AND THE MARKET FOR OUR SECURITIES GENERALLYIf we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of NASDAQ, we would face possible delisting, which would result in a limited public market for ourshares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Our common stock is traded and listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “KBSF.” The common stock may be delisted if we fail to maintain certainNasdaq listing requirements. For instance, companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bidprice per share of $1.00 for 30 consecutive business days. On March 3, 2016, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the 30 consecutive businessdays between January 20, 2016 and March 2, 2016, the bid price of our common stock closed below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQListing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued inclusion on The NASDAQ Capital Market. In accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we had an initial graceperiod of 180 calendar days, or until August 30, 2016, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. After the Company effectuated a oneforfifteenreverse stock split of the outstanding common stock, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq on February 27, 2017 stating that because the Company maintainedthe closing bid price of its common stock at $1.00 per share or greater from February 9 to February 24, 2017, they determined that the Company has regainedcompliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement.We cannot ensure you that we will continue to comply with the requirements for continued listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If our commonstock is no longer listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market, our shares would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our shares could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, andsecurity analysts’ coverage of us may be reduced. In addition, in the event our shares are delisted, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed uponthem, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions in our shares, further limiting the liquidity of our shares. These factors could result in lowerprices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our shares. Such delisting from The NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our shareprice could also greatly impair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing, and could significantly increase the ownershipdilution to shareholders caused by our issuing equity in financing or other transactions.20Table of ContentsIf we were delisted from NASDAQ, we may become subject to the trading complications experienced by “Penny Stocks” in the overthecounter market.Delisting from NASDAQ may cause our shares of common stock to become the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. The SEC generally defines a penny stock as an equitysecurity that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. One such exemption is tobe listed on NASDAQ. The market price of our common stock is currently higher than $1.00 per share. However, because the daily trading volume in our commonstock is very low, significant price movement can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Therefore, were we to be delisted from NASDAQ,our common stock may become subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. These rules require, among other things, that any broker engaging in a purchase or sale ofour securities provide its customers with: (i) a risk disclosure document, (ii) disclosure of market quotations, if any, (iii) disclosure of the compensation of the brokerand its salespersons in the transaction and (iv) monthly account statements showing the market values of our securities held in the customer’s accounts. A brokerwould be required to provide the bid and offer quotations and compensation information before effecting the transaction. This information must be contained on thecustomer’s confirmation. Generally, brokers are less willing to effect transactions in penny stocks due to these additional delivery requirements. These requirementsmay make it more difficult for shareholders to purchase or sell our shares. Because the broker, not us, prepares this information, we would not be able to assure thatsuch information is accurate, complete or current.Trading in our shares over the last three months has been very limited, so our stock price is highly volatile, leading to the possibility that you may not be able tosell as much stock as you want at prevailing prices.Because approximately 70% of our then issued and outstanding shares of common stock was tendered in the tender offering closed on July 29, 2014, we currentlyhave a limited amount of shares eligible for public trading. The average daily trading volume in our common stock over the last three months is very limited. If limitedtrading in our common stock continues, it may be difficult for investors to sell their shares in the public market at any given time at prevailing prices. Moreover, themarket price for shares of our common stock may be made more volatile because of the relatively low volume of trading in our common stock. When trading volumeis low, significant price movement of our common stock can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Volatility in our common stock couldcause stockholders to incur substantial losses.Numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly.There are numerous additional factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly. Thesefactors include:●our earnings releases, actual or anticipated changes in our earnings, fluctuations in our operating results or our failure to meet the expectations of financialmarket analysts and investors;●changes in financial estimates by us or by any securities analysts who might cover our shares;●speculation about our business in the press or the investment community;●significant developments relating to our relationships with our customers or suppliers;●stock market price and volume fluctuations of other publicly traded companies and, in particular, those that are in our industries;●customer demand for our products;●investor perceptions of our industry in general and our company in particular;●the operating and stock performance of comparable companies;●general economic conditions and trends;●major catastrophic events;●announcements by us or our competitors of new products, significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships or divestitures;●changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretation or principles;●loss of external funding sources;●sales of our shares, including sales by our directors, officers or significant shareholders; and●additions or departures of key personnel.21Table of ContentsSecurities class action litigation is often instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their share price. This type of litigation could result insubstantial costs to us and divert our management’s attention and resources. Moreover, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price andvolume fluctuations for reasons unrelated to operating performance of particular companies. For example, in July 2008, the securities markets in the United States,China and other jurisdictions experienced the largest decline in share prices since September 2001. These market fluctuations may adversely affect the price of ourshares and other interests in our company at a time when you want to sell your interest in us.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and do not anticipate paying any cashdividends on our shares. Accordingly, investors must be prepared to rely on sales of their shares after price appreciation to earn an investment return, which maynever occur. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our shares. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion ofour Board of Directors, and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable laws, and otherfactors our board deems relevant.Certain of our shareholders hold a significant percentage of our outstanding voting securities.Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, is the beneficial owner of approximately 37% of our outstanding voting securities. As a result, hepossesses significant influence and can elect a majority of our board of directors and authorize or prevent proposed significant corporate transactions. Hisownership and control may also have the effect of delaying or preventing a future change in control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other businesscombination or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer.Our outstanding warrants may adversely affect the market price of our shares of common stock.There are currently 393,836 warrants outstanding. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50. The sale orpossibility of sale of the shares underlying the warrants could have an adverse effect on the market price for our shares of common stock or our ability to obtainfuture financing. If and to the extent these warrants are exercised, you may experience dilution to your holdings.You will not be able to exercise your redeemable warrants if we do not have an effective registration statement and a prospectus in place when you desire to doso.No redeemable warrants will be exercisable, and we will not be obligated to issue shares of common stock upon exercise of redeemable warrants by a holder unless,at the time of such exercise, we have a registration statement or posteffective amendment under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuableupon the exercise of the redeemable warrants and a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Under the terms of a redeemable warrant agreementbetween American Stock Transfer & Trust Company as warrant agent, and us, we have agreed to use our best efforts to have a registration statement in effectcovering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants from the date the redeemable warrants become exercisable and to maintain acurrent prospectus relating to shares of common stock until the redeemable warrants expire or are redeemed, and to take such action as is necessary to qualify theshares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants for sale in those states in which the IPO was initially qualified. However, we cannotassure you that we will be able to do so. We may be unable to have a registration statement in effect covering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of theredeemable warrants or to maintain a current prospectus relating to such shares of common stock if, for example, we lack the current financial statements necessaryto be included in such registration statement or prospectus. We have no obligation to settle the redeemable warrants for cash, in any event, and the redeemablewarrants may not be exercised and we will not deliver securities therefor in the absence of an effective registration statement and a prospectus available for use. Theredeemable warrants may be deprived of any value, the market for the redeemable warrants may be limited if there is no registration statement in effect covering theshares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the redeemable warrants or the prospectus relating to the shares of common stock issuable upon the exerciseof the redeemable warrants is not current and the redeemable warrants may expire worthless. If you are unable to exercise or sell your redeemable warrants, you willhave paid the full unit price for only the shares of common stock underlying the units.22Table of ContentsHolders of warrants included in the placement units may exercise these warrants even if an effective registration statement and a prospectus is not in place,which means they may be able to exercise such warrants while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.Unlike the warrants underlying the units issued in connection with our IPO, the warrants included in the placement units will not be restricted from being exercisedin the absence of a registration statement under the Securities Act in effect covering the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the such warrantsand a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Therefore, the holders thereof will be able to exercise such warrants regardless of whether the issuanceof the underlying shares of common stock is registered under the Securities Act, while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.We are a “foreign private issuer” and have disclosure obligations that are different than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. Therefore, you should notexpect to receive the same information about us as a U.S. domestic reporting company may provide. Furthermore, if we or lose our status as a foreign privateissuer, we would be required to fully comply with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers and incur significantoperational, administrative, legal, and accounting costs that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer.We are a foreign private issuer. As a result, we are not subject to certain of the requirements imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the SEC. For example, we arenot required by the SEC or the federal securities laws to issue quarterly reports or file proxy statements with the SEC. We are also allowed to file our annual reportwith the SEC within four months of our fiscal year end. We are also not required to disclose certain detailed information regarding executive compensation that isrequired from U.S. domestic issuers. Further, our directors and executive officers are not required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Securities Act. Asa foreign private issuer, we are also exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups ofinvestors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. We are, however, still subject to the antifraud and antimanipulation rules ofthe SEC, such as Rule 10b5. Since many of the disclosure obligations required of us as a foreign private issuer are different than those required by U.S. domesticreporting companies, our shareholders should not expect to receive all of the same types of information about us and at the same time as information is receivedfrom, or provided by, U.S. domestic reporting companies. We are liable for violations of the rules and regulations of the SEC, which do apply to us as a foreignprivate issuer. Violations of these rules could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain NASDAQ corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. Thismay afford less protection to holders of our securities.We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. As a foreign private issuer,we are permitted to follow the governance practices of our home country, the Republic of the Marshall Islands in lieu of certain corporate governance requirementsof Nasdaq. As result, the standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not requiredto:●have a compensation committee and a nominating committee to be comprised solely of “independent directors; and●hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the Company’s fiscal yearend.As a result, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.Future sales or perceived sales of our shares of common stock could depress our stock price.As of the date of this report, we have 2,591,299 shares of common stock outstanding. Many of these shares will become eligible for sale in the public market, subjectto limitations imposed by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. If the holders of these shares were to attempt to sell a substantial amount of their holdings at once, themarket price of our common stock could decline. Moreover, the perceived risk of this potential dilution could cause shareholders to attempt to sell their shares andinvestors to short the common stock, a practice in which an investor sells shares that he or she does not own at prevailing market prices, hoping to purchase shareslater at a lower price to cover the sale. As each of these events would cause the number of shares of our common stock being offered for sale to increase, ourcommon stock market price would likely further decline. All of these events could combine to make it very difficult for us to sell equity or equityrelated securities inthe future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.23Table of ContentsHolders of our securities may face difficulties in protecting their interests because we are incorporated under the Republic of the Marshall Islands law.We are a company incorporated under the laws of the Marshall Islands, and almost all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, majority of ourdirectors and officers, and their assets, are located outside of the United States. As a result, you may have difficulty serving legal process within the United Statesupon us or any of these persons. You may also have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside the United States, judgments you may obtain in U.S. courts against usor these persons in any action, including actions based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal or state securities laws. You may also have difficultybringing an original action in the appropriate court of the Marshall Islands to enforce liabilities against us or any person based upon the U.S. federal securities laws.Provisions of our articles of incorporation may impede a takeover or make it more difficult for shareholders to change the direction or management of theCompany, which could reduce shareholders’ opportunity to influence management of the Company.Our articles of incorporation permit our board of directors to issue up to five million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 from time to time, with suchrights and preferences as they consider appropriate. These terms may include voting rights including the right to vote as a series on particular matters, preferencesas to dividends and liquidation, conversion rights and redemption rights provisions. The issuance of any preferred stock could reduce the value of our commonstock. In addition, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell assets to, a third party. Theability of the board of directors to issue preferred stock could make it more difficult, delay, discourage, prevent or make it more costly to acquire or effect a changeincontrol, which in turn could prevent shareholders from recognizing a gain in the event that a favorable offer is extended and could materially and negatively affectthe market price of our common stock.ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANYA.History and Development of the CompanyWe are a Republic of the Marshall Islands Company incorporated under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BDA”) on January 26, 2012. We wereoriginally organized under the name “Aquasition Corp.” for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, orsimilar acquisition transaction, one or more operating businesses or assets. The address of the Company’s principal executive office is Xingfengge Building,Baogaiyupu Industrial Park, Shishi City, Fujian Province of china.On March 24, 2014, we entered into a share exchange agreement and plan of liquidation (the “Exchange Agreement”), with KBS International, Hongri International, athen wholly owned subsidiary of KBS International and Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, each an individual and shareholder of KBS International (each, a“Principal Stockholder”). The Exchange Agreement was subsequently amended on June 21, 2014. The transactions contemplated in the Exchange Agreement (the“Share Exchange”) were closed on August 1, 2014. At the closing, we acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interest in Hongri International from KBSInternational. In exchange, we issued an aggregate of 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company to KBS International. In addition, on July 29, 2014, wecompleted a tender offer related to the Share Exchange and redeemed the 332,116 shares of common stock validly tendered and not withdrawn. Pursuant to theExchange Agreement, KBS International was liquidated and dissolved in August 2014 and the 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company were distributed toeach shareholder of KBS International according to their respective ownership of KBS International. As a result, following the consummation of the Share Exchange,we had a total of 1,694,489 shares of common stock outstanding.24Table of ContentsOn October 31, 2014, we held a special shareholder meeting and amended our Articles of Incorporation to change our name to KBS Fashion Group Limited.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.On March 29, 2016, we granted an aggregate of 73,334 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their past services in 2015 and future services to be provided in 2016.On July 10, 2017, we granted an aggregate of 215,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company as compensationsfor their services.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their services.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 registered shares of common stock pursuant to our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to our executive officers,directors and certain employees as compensations for their services.On March 29, 2019, our board of directors approved the issuance of 15,000 shares of common stock to our Investor Relationship firm as compensation for theirservices. The issuance of the shares was made in reliance on the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), for theoffer and sale of securities not involving a public offering, and Regulation S promulgated thereunder. None of the shares have been registered under the Act andneither may be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.25Table of ContentsCorporate StructureAll of our business operations are conducted through our PRC subsidiaries. The chart below presents our corporate structure as of the date of this report. The Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regardingissuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.Our web site address is http://www.kbsfashion.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of thisAnnual Report.Principal Capital Expenditures and DivestituresFor the year ended December 31, 2018, our total capital expenditures and divestitures were $nil. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, our total capitalexpenditures and divestitures were $849,199 and $45,445, respectively. Such expenditures were primarily used construction of production facility and purchasing fireprotection facility. Our operating cash flow mainly funded these capital expenditures.B.Business OverviewWe are a leading casual menswear company in China with a demonstrated track record of designing, marketing, and selling our own line of fashion menswear. Ourproducts include men’s apparel, footwear and accessories, primarily targeting urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 in the Tier II and Tier III cities in China.Tier II cities generally refer to major cities located in each province of China other than the capital city of such province. Tier III cities generally refer to countylevelcities in China. Tier III cities that we focus on are the national top 100 county cities identified by the State Statistics Bureau of China each year. These cities arecharacterized by higher GDP, higher disposable income, better education and better infrastructure as compared with other countylevel cities.26Table of ContentsOur apparel products include outerwear, knitwear, denim, tops, bottoms, accessories and footwear. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products,each year with a different theme to highlight the current trends in menswear for the season.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by the company and 40 franchised stores operated by 14 third party distributors or their subdistributors. The number of stores has grown from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017and 2016, sales through our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues respectively, and sales through distributors and whole sellersaccounted for 73%, 66.5% and 78% of our revenues, respectively. Total revenue from corporate stores sales for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $7.0million for 2017 and $5.53 million for 2016.From 2009 through 2018, total net sales decreased from $28.1 million to $18.53 million while the net profit decreased from $9.0 million to a net loss of $8 million.Our Competitive StrengthsWe believe that the following competitive strengths enable us to compete effectively in and capitalize on the growing casual menswear industry in China.●There is a sizable market for our products. We believe that we have a sizeable potential market. Our target customers are male middleclass consumers inthe 2040 age range. According to the national census in 2018, the population in China between 1659 yearsold was approximately 900 million. Our targetgroup falls into this category and is estimated to be more than 200 million people. As a result of the growing affluence in the PRC and increased purchasingpower of the PRC population, we believe that PRC consumers are becoming more willing and able to purchase casual menswear. In addition, we believe thatthe purchasing decision of PRC consumers is becoming more predicated upon brand image, product design and style, rather than just price considerations.With rising affluence and improvement in lifestyle, we also believe the overall Chinese population is generally growing more brand name conscious andstyle oriented and has shown a propensity for increased spending on casual menswear.●We have a strong focus on design and product development. We believe that our inhouse design and product development capabilities allow us to createunique products that appeal to our customers. We have established a strong inhouse design and product development team of 20 employees as of April26, 2019. Our team identifies new fashion trends by attending fashion shows and exhibitions as well as by drawing from creative ideas in magazines andother media. Each spring and fall, we carefully plan and create a new product line for our fall/winter and spring/summer collections of 727 SKU thatencompasses our full range of product offerings, including outerwear, tops, bottoms and accessories. We introduce new design elements into our productlines each season. With our highly skilled and creative team of designers, we have extensive experience in creating unique designs to meet the preferencesand needs of our target customer base.●Our trademarked brand has earned a following in China. Our brand was developed in 2006. Our marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design andmade for Chinese.” Our customers are middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range. We believe that their products’ concept, marketing, design andpackaging fully match with the prowestern attitude and life styles of their target customers. We believe the KBS brand is essential to our success topenetrate to the casual menswear market in China.●We have an extensive and wellmanaged nationwide distribution network. We have an extensive distribution network throughout China. As of December31, 2018, we had 1 KBS branded corporate stores and 32 franchised stores across 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. TheKBS branded corporate stores are required to sell only our products. We have been building up our selected distributor network since 2007. As ofDecember 31, 2018, we had 11 distributors operating 32 franchised stores. All of our distributors have been working with us from 1 to 10 years. We selectour distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry, sales channels, business resources, brand promotioncapabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. Our distributors help us respond to changing consumer tastes in a timelymanner by providing regular feedback on our products at our semiannual sales fairs and frequent communications. The financial resources of ourdistributors allow us to expand our retail network with less working capital investment from us than would be required for establishing direct stores, as ourdistributors are responsible for the store rentals and cost of inventory in their stores. We sold a substantial amount of our products through ourdistributors, which have allowed us to distribute our products to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge ofour distributors and their sub distributors. We believe that our distribution network has enabled us to expand our business and increase our salesefficiently and with less operational risk. This model has also minimized our operational risk because we typically start production after we receive ordersfrom our distributors. We believe that using a distribution network to sell a substantial amount of our KBS products has enabled us to devote ourresources to our core competitive strengths of design, brand management and product development.27Table of Contents●We have an experienced management team. Our management team has extensive R&D, marketing and financial experience, led by our Chief ExecutiveOfficer, Mr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has over 27 years of experience in the apparel industry and also has developed a differentiated product by internationalcooperation with a Korean designer. After working in the garment industry for more than 16 years, Mr. Yan acquired and developed the KBS brand. Withhis strong understanding of the apparel industry, Mr. Yan has successfully established this brand name in the market. We are committed to attract andretain top management level executives who we believe are and will continue to be the driving force behind our product development and growth.Our Growth StrategyWe intend to further strengthen our market position in the casual menswear market in China by implementing the following strategies:●We plan to expand our online business and purchase one or more online sales platforms or online stores. Together with the change in consumer trends,online sales is now the most important sales channel in Chinese market and is becoming increasingly important globally. Sales from our stores anddistributors have been steadily decreasing, and we are now in the process of identifying the best possible ways to establish and expand our onlinebusiness. We plan to research and purchase one or more online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that KBS will have better opportunities toexpand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores in year 2019, and the management of KBS will keep on exploring other areas and businessmodels, such as the use of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends. We consider that ourpolicy to expand our outreach using new technologies will add significant shareholder value.●We plan to expand our OEM sales by attracting more reputable and longterm clients. We just had the renewal of a framework sales contract with twomajor current customers: Hangzhou Zhi Yin Apparel Clothes Co., Ltd and Hangzhou Yiyuan Apparel Co., Ltd. These two sales contracts are expected togenerate approximately RMB 28 million in total, of which RMB 20 million relates to Hangzhou Ziyin of new 450,000 orders and RMB 8 million relates toHangzhou Yiyuan of new 160,000 orders for this year. We are also expanding our OEM business and to get more clients, especially to focus on onlineproviders, as they have expanded their market share over the past years quickly together with the change in Chinese consumer’s preferences and occupy alarge market share. By the time when we start executing the orders, we expect that we can have sustainable and increasing business.●We plan to invest in a Greece Based Private Smart Tech Apparel Company. We signed a letter of intent with Tribe, one of the most innovative smartclothing technology companies internationally. If the transaction is consummated, we conceive that this investment will enhance and expand significantlyour client network and products offering. The smart clothing market is expected to surpass the 2 trillion US dollars in size in 2019 and we believe we are wellpositioned to capture a part of this market in the wider region.28Table of Contents●We plan to continue to raise the profile of the KBS brand through enhanced advertising and promotional activities. We believe that the strongassociation of KBS brand with our concept of “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese” has helped drive our brand positioning and customers’receptivity to our products. We intend to further build our brand and deliver a consistent brand image from product design to sales and marketing. We seekto promote and enhance our presence in China’s casual menswear market by continuing to adopt proactive marketing strategies and produce high quality,well designed casual menswear for our target market. In particular, we aim to increase awareness of our brand through: (1) multichannel advertisingstrategies through national television, fashion magazines, billboards and other media channels; (2) further assisting our distributors’ regional advertisingefforts; (3) distinctive store and product launch campaigns, including special events for new product launches and largescale grand opening events fornew stores, particularly new corporate stores; (4) update of the decoration and layout of a number of existing stores which have been in operation for yearsto improve the shopping experience; (5) participation in fashion shows; and (6) sponsorships of selected highimpact events. We believe that theseadvertising and promotional activities will help to further strengthen brand awareness in our target market and enhance customer loyalty.●We plan to expand and build upon our design and product development capabilities. We intend to further strengthen our design and productdevelopment capabilities by accelerating the commercialization of design concepts, expanding our product offerings and continuing to develop what webelieve is unique casual menswear. We plan to further invest in design and product development and expand our design and product development team byattracting talented designers, either domestic or international, and training young graduates from leading fashion design institutes. We believe thatcombining western fashion design experience with our local designer’s understanding of the China market and aesthetic will enable us to create fashionableyet popular casual menswear for consumers in China. We also intend to cooperate with our suppliers to develop new materials and fabrics which we believewill give customers a unique fashion product and create new market opportunities. We believe that our focus on designing unique and quality casualmenswear will allow us to maintain our competitiveness and help to enhance our sales and overall profitability.●We plan to expand our production capacity to expand and diversify our product offerings. Our production facility is located in Taihu City, AnhuiProvince, China, consisting of total 110,557 square meters of land. Currently this facility has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per yearand can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famous sportswear producers, some successful onlinebrand stores and fulfill some overseas orders. The construction of our facility commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases: Phase 1 consists of theconstruction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We have completed theconstruction of facilities for Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Although we have the designed capacity of 5 million pieces yearly, the facilitycurrently may only produce 2 million pieces per year. Phase 3 construction has been delayed because the local government needs additional time toconclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 canbe continued. Phase 4 will include production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quarters and livingfacilities. Upon completion, the new facility is expected to have a production capacity of 20 million pieces and accommodate 5,000 workers. Please see“Production” below for a more complete explanation of our plans for the expansion of our production capacity. We anticipate that the new productionfacility will allow us to further refine our existing product lines by offering more styles within our existing apparel and accessories categories and tointroduce additional, complementary apparel and accessories categories into our product line. We currently introduce 500 to 900 different styles ofproducts each year and intend to increase the number of our product offerings in the future.●We plan to expand our international market and attract more orders from overseas. Starting from year 2016, we have been awarded international OEMorders for producing clothes with overseas brands. Such orders are usually large and continuous. Due to the completion of phase 2 construction of ourAnhui factory, we have enough production capacity to take on large orders. The current utilization rate of the Anhui factory is still quite low and we expectto invest more in attracting more large orders from overseas.The KBS BrandWe are engaged in a highly competitive industry in which brand image and recognition is critical to attracting customers to purchase our products. We haveadopted KBS as a uniform brand name and image for all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. The KBS brand was created byMs. Qinghua Ye in 2006 and registered with the trademark administration authority in 2008. Subsequently, Ms. Ye assigned the KBS trademark to Hongri PRC in2008. In 2009, Hongri PRC transferred this trademark to France Cock, which then licensed such trademark back to Hongri PRC. Based on our sharp rise in revenuesince 2006, we believe that the KBS brand has gained a following in the casual menswear market in the cities where our products are sold.29Table of ContentsTo promote our brand, we have developed and implemented brand management policies in all of our corporate stores and franchised stores. Our brand managementpolicies set out detailed requirements for store decorations and display of products. This enables us to project a consistent brand image. In addition, each season,our design and product development team develops display concepts, including the presentation of our collections in the stores and the color schemes for thebackdrops. We also work closely with our distributors to supervise the daily operations of franchised stores through unscheduled visits to ensure that our brandmanagement policies are properly followed.We may suspend the supply of our products or terminate distribution agreements in the event that any of our distributors or their subdistributors consistently failsto comply with our brand management policies.Our ProductsOur apparel products include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, socks and caps. In 2018, thesuggested retail prices of our products ranged from RMB 15 to RMB1,599 (approximately $2 to $237) for our apparel products and RMB178 to RMB1599(approximately $26 to $236) for our accessory products. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products, each year with a different theme tohighlight the current trends in menswear for the season.Our DesignWe believe one of our key strengths is our internal design and product development team, which designs products that reinforce our brand image. Major parts ofour products are designed by our internal design and product development team with the collaboration of Korean designers. As of December 31, 2018, our designand product development team consisted of 20 members, including one senior designer with over five years of working experience. Final design concepts areapproved by Mr. Keyan Yan, who has more than 27 years of experience in the industry. All of the other designers are graduates of professional design schools inChina. We believe that our design and product development team is innovative and passionate and that the individual experience of each of our designers helpsbring new and exciting products to our customers. Our design and product development team conceptualizes each season’s collections through an interactiveprocess, taking into account our brand strategy, product image and market feedback, drawing inspirations from domestic and international fashion trends andcollaborating with both our suppliers and distributors to finetune our designs. In particular, we collaborate with our suppliers to develop a variety of materials andfabrics for our products. We also involve distributors in our product selection process to take advantage of their market intelligence, which helps us to adapt toconstantly changing customer preferences in local markets. Our designers also attend various domestic and international fashion shows to keep abreast of the latestfashion trends.Starting from year 2015, design of our products comes from three channels. In addition to designing products by our inhouse staff, we outsource to certainreputable designers. From time to time, our ODMs also will directly sell their designed products to us.In a typical year, we design and make around 1,500 prototypes. After the initial product selection, internal cost analysis of approved prototypes and final selectionby distributors at the sales fairs, we eventually select approximately 750 designs for mass production. Final design of all of our products will be approved by ourChairman, Mr. Yan.Our Distribution NetworkWe have established a nationwide distribution network consisting of corporate stores and franchised stores covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrallyadministered municipalities.Corporate StoresAs of December 31, 2018, we owned and operated 1 corporate store with the floor area of approximately 120 square meters. As part of our corporate strategy, weclosed 17 corporate stores in last two years because of the low profitability of certain corporate stores. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, salesthrough our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues, respectively.30Table of ContentsWe directly own and operate our corporate store. This direct control enables us to have closer relationship with our ultimate customers and better understanding ofmarket trends and consumer preferences. Required capital for opening of each store depends on the location and area of the designated store. On average, therenovation cost per store is around $67,000 and the first year of rent payment is around $140,000 including premium paid to the previous owner. Rental period variesfrom two to five years. The total capital required to open a new store is generally around $207,000 per store. Once negotiation of rent is concluded, it takes one totwo months to open up a store. We usually open up stores right before a peak season, such as labor holiday in May, National holiday in October and Chinese NewYear in January/February. On average, new stores break even after one to three months of operation.We currently have one standard designs for our corporate stores located in Fujian Province. They were considered as flagship stores for our distributors’ reference.Because in year 2016 and 2015 we closed some corporate stores, the inventories of these stores were cleared through promotion exhibitions we held in the thirdtiercities at lower prices.For corporate stores opened in second tier cities, we normally have a higher aesthetic standard compared with corporate stores in third and fourth tier cities. Wegenerally locate our corporate stores at street level to access high pedestrian flow. Normally, we will sell inseason stock in our secondtier city corporate stores. Oursecondtier city corporate stores are also designed to showcase our marketability to potential distributors so as to induce them to join our distributorship. For storesopened in the third and fourth tier cities, we normally sell some of our slowmoving or offseason stock at a discount due to our awareness of the generally lesseramount of disposable income available to residents of these cities. During certain times of the year, such as the New Year, Chinese New Year and Labor Day, we willorganize promotional discounts together with our franchised stores to attract more customers and increase our stock turnover.Franchised StoresWe sell a substantial amount of our products to our franchised distributors who in turn sell them to retail customers through KBS branded retail stores operated byour distributors or their subdistributors. Since 2013, we have also been selling products to 3 provincial distributors without their own stores, or the nostoredistributors, on a trial basis. We do not have any ownership in, or controlling relationship with, these franchised stores, but we have entered into distributionagreements with them in the Company’s standard form, pursuant to which we require distributors and their subdistributors to sell only KBS products in thesestores. Distributors are responsible for selecting and ordering products from us and overseeing the sales in the stores operated by them and their subdistributors.By selling directly to our distributors, we can recognize revenues upon delivery to our distributors and delegate the distribution responsibilities to our distributors.This allows us to distribute our merchandise to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge of our distributors and theirsubdistributors. This also minimizes our inventory and sales risks while allowing us to allocate our resources to our core competitive strengths of design, brandmanagement and product development. We believe that our cooperation with distributors has enabled us to expand our business and accelerate our sales growth atmuch lower costs and operational risk and achieve brand recognition throughout China.We have been building up our selected franchised distributor network since 2007. As of December 31, 2018, we had 11 franchised distributors who operated 32 retailstores directly or through their subdistributors, all of which were standalone stores, which were typically located in commercial centers, including departmentstores or shopping malls, in their cities. All these distributors have worked with us for about 1 to 8 years. We have not encountered any material dispute or financialdifficulty with our key distributors. The average floor area of each retail store was approximately 78 square meters as of December 2018. The number of retail storeshas grown significantly in recent years from 7 as of December 31, 2006, with the aggregate floor area increasing from 560 square meters as of December 31, 2006 to2,635 square meters as of December 31, 2018. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, sales through our distributors accounted for 73%, 63.3% and78% of our revenues, respectively. 31Table of ContentsDuring each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we had no customer exceeding 10% of our net sales.Sales generated by our five bestperforming franchised distributors accounted for approximately 29.3%, 23.8% and 28.3% of our revenues in the years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Those top distributors have been with us since 2007 or 2008 and have grown organically with us. At the same time,we are exploring more distributors in other regions including relatively small distributors to grow with their businesses. Although we rely on distributors for thesales and marketing of our products, we believe our business is not substantially dependent on any individual distributor.We are highly selective in appointing distributors. We select our distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry,sales channels, business resources, brand promotion capabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. We maintain good relationshipswith many regional or local distributor candidates which we identify through our internal research and external referrals but only appoint a handful of them tobecome our distributors. We evaluate the relevant experience of the distributor candidates in operating retail stores, their financial condition and sources of fundingrequired for the establishment of a regional distribution network and their ability to develop a network of retail stores in the designated distribution region of a givendistributor before we make any appointment.Once appointed, each distributor must enter into a distribution agreement with us. We do not own any interest in any of our distributors, their subdistributors orthe retail stores they operate. The distribution agreements we typically enter into with distributors do not allow us to be involved in the daily operating, financing orother activities of the distributors, except that distributors need to comply with our brand management policies and pricing and store management guidelines. Keyterms of our standard distribution agreement include:●Product Exclusivity. Our distributors are required to sell only our products at KBS branded retail outlets managed by them or authorized retailers.●Geographic Coverage. Distributors are granted exclusive rights to distribute our products (directly and indirectly through their subdistributors) in theretail stores within the specified geographic area with no overlapping of distributors within our distribution network. However, we retain the right to operatedirect stores anywhere regardless of whether we have appointed distributors there.●Duration. The distribution agreements generally have an initial term of one year and are renewable at our discretion after taking into account factors suchas compliance with our brand management policies and sales performance.●Distributor Pricing. Distributors agree to order our products at a discount from our suggested retail prices. The discounted wholesale prices todistributors are classified into the following three categories: provincial distributor at a discount of 35% of retail price, district distributor is 30% of retailprice and the wholesale distributor is 25% of retail price.●Minimum Purchase Requirement. Each of our distributors is customarily expected to purchase a minimum amount of our products for each trade fair heldbiannually according to their present and expected distribution network. The minimum is typically RMB800,000 (approximately $110,000) for each store.●Payment and Delivery. Normally, we expect distributors to pay us RMB0.5 million (approximately $74,000) to RMB1 million (approximately $148,148) as adeposit upon placing an order. Upon delivery of the orders, we will deduct amounts on deposit from the purchase price. For new and small districtdistributors, we normally require them to pay the balance before the delivery of its products. We may also accept payment on credit terms to the extentrequested by distributors experiencing working capital difficulties or encouraging them to order more. The amount and duration of credit granted to eachdistributor will depend on its financial position and creditworthiness. We handle the arrangements for delivery of our products, but the distributors arenormally expected to bear the related costs and expenses.32Table of Contents●Return of Products. We will only accept product returns from distributors for quality reasons and only if the distributors followed our standard proceduresin processing the returned products. So far, we have not experienced any product returns due to expressed quality reasons.●Retail Pricing. Other than at times when we launch promotional campaigns or adjust our strategies, distributors must adopt, and are required to procuretheir subdistributors to adopt, our suggested retail prices for products. Distributors must obtain our consent before launching any distributor specificspecial offers.●Brand Management. Distributors must comply with our brand management policies and store management guidelines. We may impose penalties, forfeitureof deposit, suspend supply of products and terminate the agreement in the event of any breach of such policies.●Termination. We may generally terminate the distribution agreements and seek indemnification in the event of breach by distributors. In the event of sometypes of breach, we may not terminate the agreement but have other remedies. For example, if a distributor fails to order all products provided for under thedistributorship agreement, we may instead impose forfeiture of deposit or withhold certain benefits.When opening new retail stores, our distributors conduct research on the market potential of the proposed retail sites, after which they will provide us with anapplication for opening a new retail store. In reviewing applications, we consider factors including the store location, store layout, available area, marketopportunities, competitors and estimated sales. We conduct selected onsite investigations to verify applications filed by our distributors. Our retail stores aregenerally located in convenient retail locations in their respective cities and thus benefit from high volumes of pedestrian traffic.Effective monitoring of distributors and their retail stores is critical to our success. We have a team in our marketing, sales and distribution department to monitorour distributors’ and their subdistributors’ performance, who conduct onsite inspections of selected retail stores each quarter without prior notice to ensurecompliance with our store management guidelines. According to the results of our inspections, we, from time to time, make suggestions to our distributors withrespect to the opening or closure of their retail stores. Distributors also need to submit to us their annual/ semiannual plans to estimate their orders for the nextseason and their plan to improve the performance of existing retail stores or expand by opening new retail stores. This reporting system enables us to access uptodate sales projections of our distributors and their subdistributors, which reflects the overall level of retail sales of our products. It also provides us with theexpansion plan of each distributor which helps us prepare our overall development plan in a more accurate manner.We invite our distributors, as well as a select number of their subdistributors and retail store managers, to attend our sales fairs, which are held twice a year. Duringthe sales fairs, we discuss with our distributors and their subdistributors the upcoming product line. Apart from participating in two sales fairs each year, ourdistributors visit us from time to time and contact us as necessary, which allows us to have access to updated market information. We also provide training fordistributors and their subdistributors in the areas of sales techniques, customer service and product knowledge, typically prior to the launch of our new collectionseach year. We believe that these investments help to improve the operations of the sales network and provide additional valueadded services to retain ourdistributors and their subdistributors.The following table lists by region the number of retail stores operated by distributors and subdistributors as of December 31, 2018:LocationAs ofDecember 31,2018Fujian6Guangdong2Guangxi3Jiangsu4Anhui2Chongqing4Tianjin3Hebei4Sichuan4Total3233Table of ContentsPricing PolicyWe sell our products to our distributors at uniform discounts from our suggested retail prices. We have a suggested retail price policy that applies to all our storesto help maintain brand image, ensure consistent pricing levels from region to region and prevent price competition among our distributors. In determining our pricingstrategies, we take into account market supply and demand, production cost and the prices of our competitors’ similar products. Our sales representatives collectand record the retail prices of our products sold by our retailers. We analyze the information collected and engage in discussions with our distributors to ensure thatthey follow our pricing policy. See “Franchised Stores” above.ProductionOriginally located in Shishi City in Fujian Province and started production in 2006, our production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China.The facility currently has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famoussportswear producers. Our production facility was operating at full capacity between 2009 and 2012. In 2014, we produced about 0.39 million units at the operatingcapacity of 19.5%; while in 2015,we produced about 0.48 million units at the operating capacity of 24%. In 2016, we produced about 0.54 million units at the operatingcapacity of 27%.In 2017 and 2018, we produced about 0.30 million and 0.49 million units at the operating capacity of 15% and 25%. Since 2011, we have been negotiating with the local government to acquire land use rights for our current facility consisting of 110,557 square meters. We obtaineda portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square meters and 2,440 square meters in March 2012 and May 2012, respectively, and have finishedthe construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factoryin year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with localresidents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. While we cannot guaranteewhen and whether the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land will be eventually completed, we believe we will be in a better position toschedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Once completed, our total production capacity of the facility isexpected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.All of the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers bear the brand name KBS. As of December 31, 2018, we had 3 ODM contractmanufacturers and 3 OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had 3 and 6 OEM contract manufacturers, respectively. Oursourcing strategy is based upon the quality of fabrics and workmanship that our customers expect from the KBS brand. The costs of our outsourced productionamounted to approximately $8.38 million, $10.94 million and$26.1 million for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, accounting forapproximately 27.3%, 31% and 66.8% of our total cost of sales in the respective periods.As of December 31, 2018, our principal ODM and OEM contract suppliers included the following:No.1Bai Tian Ni (Fujian) Clothing fabric Co. Ltd2Shishi Hua Lai Shi Clothing Co. Ltd3Jinjiang City Hongtawanheng trading Co. Ltd4Fujian Gumaite Clothing Technology Co. Ltd5Shishi Rongpeng Clothing Co. Ltd6Hubei Mingyuan Clothing Co. LtdWe are not materially reliant on any single ODM or OEM contract supplier.34Table of ContentsInventory ManagementWe recognize that controlling the level of inventory is important to our overall operational efficiency and cost control. Based on the purchase orders our distributorsand the department store chains place at our biannual sales fairs, we are able to anticipate the demand for our products in advance and plan ahead for our ownmanufacturing and the orders we will be required to place with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We generally plan purchases of raw materials and placemanufacturing orders with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers immediately after each of our two seasonal sales fairs, usually in May for our autumn andwinter products and in October for our spring and summer products, where we confirm sales orders with our distributors and department store chains. This enablesus and our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to have sufficient time, ranging from two to eight weeks, to produce the products and provide our productssuitable for a specific season to our distributors and department store chains on a justintime basis so as to minimize our inventory levels. The alternative way tocontrol cost is when if we have chance to buy materials which the price is much lower than market price, we will buy it in advance and give to OEM contractmanufactures use our material to produce.Quality ControlProduct quality control is a critical aspect of our business. Our dedicated quality control team performs various quality inspection and testing procedures, includingrandom sample testing at different stages of our production process, to ensure that our products meet or exceed the expectations of our consumers. We also performroutine product inspections on every batch of our products and sample testing to ensure consistent quality of our products, including semifinished and finishedproducts.We have implemented a centralized system for procurement and inspection of raw materials and ancillary components to help ensure a stable and high qualitysupply. Those materials and components that fail to meet our tests may be returned to the suppliers for replacement. Our quality control team also carries out qualitycontrol procedures on the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We conduct onsite inspections of our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers before we enter into business relationships with them. We also send our inhouse quality control staff onsite to our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers to monitor the entire production process. The initial product inspections are performed onsite by our staff before these products are shipped to ourheadquarters for further inspection and storage in our warehouse. We also provide technical training to ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to assist them withquality control of the production processes and inspect preproduction samples and finished products from ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We have notencountered any material disruptions to our business as a result of the failure of any of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to meet our quality standards.In order to further improve the quality of our products and shorten our delivery cycle, we intend to increase our control over the manufacturing process andproduction cycle of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers, primarily by requiring our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to implement stricter and morecomprehensive quality control procedures, which cover each stage of the production process, from raw material selection and procurement to finished productspackaging and delivery. We also intend to apply more stringent standards for inspecting products manufactured for us by our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers.Marketing and AdvertisingWe have conducted multichannel marketing campaigns to advertise our products to our target customers through advertising in newspapers, magazines, theInternet, and billboards, and organizing regular and frequent instore marketing activities and road shows.We have implemented strict requirements on our distributors with respect to the display and promotion of our products to ensure consistent branding and enhancemarketing results. Our distributors are required to ensure that our marketing strategies are implemented at the retail outlets managed or authorized by them, includingdisplaying our products according to our specifications and using our billboard advertisements. We also assign sales representatives to monitor the instoredisplays of our products at various retail outlets on a regular basis to help ensure that our retailers have followed our product display policies.In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 our total advertising and promotional expenses amounted to approximately $1.21 million, $1.59 million and $1.55million, respectively, which accounted for approximately 6.6%, 7.5% and 3.8% of our revenues in the respective periods.35Table of ContentsCompetitionThe menswear industry in China is a fragmented industry. Competition mainly comes from local market players such as Exceed, Xiniya, Zuoan and Cabbeen. Webelieves that we differentiate ourselves by providing more fashionable, youngerlooking and leisure products, and competitive pricing without giving up the casualfeel of our products.We compete primarily on the basis of product design, brand recognition, operational efficiency and a low cost structure. Some of our domestic competitors have astronger customer base, greater resources and more industry expertise than us. However, we believe that we can continue to successfully compete with our localcompetitors due to our unique product designs.Intellectual PropertyWe currently have the licenses to use two registered trademarks in the PRC.The registered trademarks on which we have licenses are the following:TrademarkRegistration No.Valid TermKBS4342760Jan 1, 2019 August 28, 2028Ka bi sports5462336March 14, 2010 March 12,2020We believe that these trademarks provide significant value as they are important for marketing and building brand recognition. We are not aware of any third partycurrently using trademarks similar to our trademarks in the PRC on the same products.InsuranceWe do not have any business liability, interruption or litigation insurance coverage for our operations in China. Insurance companies in China offer limited businessinsurance products. While business interruption insurance is available to a limited extent in China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of suchinsurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance.Therefore, we are subject to business and product liability exposure. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—We have limited insurance coverage inChina and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses.”RegulationBecause our primary operating subsidiaries are located in China, we are subject to China’s national and local laws detailed below. We believe that we are in materialcompliance with all registrations and requirements for the issuance and maintenance of all licenses required by the governing bodies and that all license fees andfilings are current. This section summarizes the major PRC regulations relating to our business.Regulations Relating to Foreign InvestmentInvestment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are mainly governed by the Guidance Catalog of Industries for Foreign Investment (2017 revision), or theCatalog, which was promulgated jointly by MOFCOM and the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, on June 28, 2017 and entered into forceon July 28, 2017. The Catalog divides industries into four categories in terms of foreign investment, which are “encouraged,” “restricted,” and “prohibited,” and allindustries that are not listed under one of these categories are deemed to be “permitted.” Establishment of wholly foreignowned enterprises is generally allowed inencouraged and permitted industries. Some restricted industries are limited to equity or contractual joint ventures, while in some cases Chinese partners are requiredto hold the majority interests in such joint ventures. In addition, foreign investment in restricted category projects is subject to government approvals. Foreigninvestors are not allowed to invest in industries in the prohibited category. Industries not listed in the Catalogue are generally open to foreign investment unlessspecifically restricted by other PRC regulations.36Table of ContentsIn June 2018, MOFCOM and NDRC promulgated the Special Management Measures (Negative List) for the Access of Foreign Investment, or the Negative List,effective July 2018. The Negative List expands the scope of permitted industries by foreign investment by reducing the number of industries that fall within theNegative List where restrictions on the shareholding percentage or requirements on the composition of board or senior management still exists. Foreign investmentin valueadded telecommunications services (except for ecommerce) falls within the Negative List.In October 2016, MOFCOM issued the Interim Measures for Recordfiling Administration of the Establishment and Change of Foreigninvested Enterprises, or FIERecordfiling Interim Measures, most recently amended in July 2017. Pursuant to FIE Recordfiling Interim Measures, the establishment and change of foreigninvested enterprises are subject to recordfiling procedures, instead of prior approval requirements, provided that such establishment or change does not involvespecial entry administration measures. If the establishment or change of foreigninvested enterprises matters involve the special entry administration measures, theapproval of the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterparts is still required.Regulations Relating to Product QualityThe principal legal provisions governing product liability are set forth in the PRC Product Quality Law, which was promulgated in February 1993 by the SCNPC andamended in July 2000 and August 2009.The PRC Product Quality Law stipulates the responsibilities and obligations of product sellers and producers. Violations of the PRC Product Quality Law may resultin the imposition of fines. In addition, the seller or producer may be ordered to suspend its operations, and its business license may be revoked. There may also bePART IPART IIPART III20F 1 f20f2018_kbsfashiongroup.htm FORM 20FUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549FORM 20F(Mark One)☐REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934OR☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018OR☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ___________ to ___________OR¨SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Date of event requiring this shell company report:Commission file number: 00135715KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)Not Applicable(Translation of Registrant’s Name Into English)Republic of the Marshall Islands(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)Xin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of China(Address of Principal Executive Offices)Mr. Keyan Yan, Chief Executive OfficerXin Fengge BuildingYupu Industrial ParkShishi City, Fujian Province 362700People’s Republic of ChinaTel: + (86) 595 8889 6198Fax: (86) 595 8850 5328(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of Each ClassName of Each Exchange On Which RegisteredCommon Stock, $0.0001 par valueNASDAQ Capital MarketSecurities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.Units, Common Stock Purchase Warrants(Title of Class)Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.None(Title of Class)Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report(December 31, 2018): 2,271,299Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐No ☒If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of“large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.Large Accelerated Filer ☐Accelerated Filer ☐NonAccelerated Filer ☒Emerging Growth Company☐If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to usethe extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting StandardsCodification after April 5, 2012.Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:U.S. GAAP ☐International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting StandardsBoard ☒Other ☐If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ☐ Item17 ☐Item 18If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒Annual Report on Form 20FYear Ended December 31, 2018TABLE OF CONTENTSPageITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS2A.Directors and Senior Management2B.Advisors2C.Auditors2ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE2A.Offer Statistics2B.Method and Expected Timetable2ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATION2A.Selected Financial Data2B.Capitalization and Indebtedness3C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds3D.Risk Factors3ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY24A.History and Development of the Company24B.Business Overview26C.Organizational Structure42D.Property, Plants and Equipment43ITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS44ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS44A.Principal Factors Affecting Financial Performance45B.Liquidity and Capital Resources50C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.51D.Trend Information51E.Off Balance Sheet Arrangements51F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations52G.Safe Harbor62ITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES63A.Directors and Senior Management63B.Compensation64C.Board Practices65D.Employees66E.Share Ownership66ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS67A.Major Shareholders67B.Related Party Transactions67C.Interests of Experts and Counsel67iTable of ContentsITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATION67A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information67B.Significant Changes68ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTING68A.Offer and Listing Details68B.Plan of Distribution68C.Markets68D.Selling Shareholders68E.Dilution68F.Expenses of the Issue68ITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATION69A.Share Capital69B.Memorandum and Articles of Association69C.Material Contracts71D.Exchange Controls71E.Taxation74F.Dividends and Paying Agents79G.Statement by Experts79H.Documents on Display79I.Subsidiary Information79ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK79ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES80A.Debt Securities80B.Warrants and Rights80C.Other Securities80D.American Depositary Shares80ITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES81ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS81ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES81A.Disclosure Controls and Procedures81B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting81C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm81D.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting82ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT82ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICS82ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES82ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES82ITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS83ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT83ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCE83ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE83ITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS84ITEM 19.EXHIBITS84iiTable of ContentsINTRODUCTORY NOTESUse of Certain Defined TermsExcept as otherwise indicated by the context and for the purposes of this report only, references in this report to:●“KBS,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” are to KBS Fashion Group Ltd., a company organized in the Republic of the Marshall Islands;●““KBS International,” refers to KBS International Holding Inc., a Nevada corporation, which was dissolved in August 2014;●“Hongri PRC,” refers to Hongri (Fujian) Sports Goods Co., Ltd., which is our wholly owned subsidiary organized in the PRC;●“Hongri International” are to Hongri International Holdings Limited, which is our wholly owned subsidiary and a company organized in the BVI;●“BVI” are to the British Virgin Islands;●“Hong Kong” are to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China;●“PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China;●“SEC” are to the Securities and Exchange Commission;●“Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;●“Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;●“Renminbi” and “RMB” are to the legal currency of China; and●“U.S. dollars,” “dollars” and “$” are to the legal currency of the United States.ForwardLooking InformationIn addition to historical information, this report contains forwardlooking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of theExchange Act. We use words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “target,” “plan,” “optimistic,” “intend,” “aim,” “will” or similar expressions whichare intended to identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, among others, those concerning market and industry segment growth and demandand acceptance of new and existing products; any projections of sales, earnings, revenue, margins or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategiesand objectives of management for future operations; and any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, as well as all assumptions,expectations, predictions, intentions or beliefs about future events. You are cautioned that any such forwardlooking statements are not guarantees of futureperformance and involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions, which, if they were to ever materialize or prove incorrect, could cause the results of theCompany to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forwardlooking statements. Potential risks and uncertainties include, among other things, thepossibility that we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues and profits due to our failure to anticipate consumer preferences and develop newmenswear products, our failure to execute our business expansion plan, changes in domestic and foreign laws, regulations and taxes, changes in economicconditions, uncertainties related to China’s legal system and economic, political and social events in China, a general economic downturn, a downturn in thesecurities markets, and other risks and uncertainties which are generally set forth under Item 3 “Key information—D. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and our other filings with the SEC. These reports attempt toadvise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects. The forwardlookingstatements made in this report speak only as of the date hereof and we disclaim any obligation, except as required by law, to provide updates, revisions oramendments to any forwardlooking statements to reflect changes in our expectations or future events.On February 3, 2017, approved by the shareholders, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen (1for15) reverse stock split of the Company’s issued andoutstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided that shareholders are entitled to receive the number ofshares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Stock Market on a splitadjusted basis when themarket opened on February 9, 2017. All references in this report to share and per share data have been adjusted, including historical data which have beenretroactively adjusted, to give effect to the reverse stock split unless specified otherwise.1Table of ContentsPART IITEM 1.IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERSA.Directors and Senior ManagementNot applicable.B.AdvisorsNot applicable.C.AuditorsNot applicable.ITEM 2.OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLEA.Offer StatisticsNot applicable.B.Method and Expected TimetableNot applicable.ITEM 3.KEY INFORMATIONA.Selected Financial DataThe following table presents selected financial data regarding our business. It should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and relatednotes contained elsewhere in this annual report and the information under Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” The selected consolidatedstatements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, and the selected consolidated statements of financialposition data as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are included in this annual reportbeginning on page F1. The selected consolidated statements of comprehensive income data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the selectedconsolidated statements of financial position data as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements thatare not included in this annual report.Our consolidated financial statements were prepared and presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by theInternational Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The selected financial data information is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the historicalconsolidated financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere herein. The financial statements contained elsewhere fully represent our financial conditionand operations; however, they are not indicative of our future performance.2Table of ContentsYears ended December 31,20182017201620152014Statement of Income DataTotal revenue$18,535,116$23,762,536$41,200,205$61,343,681$58,832,481Total cost of sales(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)(46,511,274)(39,416,973)Gross profit(2,316,136)(11,511,816)2,158,27214,832,40719,415,508Distribution and selling expenses(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)(6,621,256)(7,191,606)Administrative expenses(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)2,798,082(4,649,229)Profit for the year(17,968,597)(14,815,596)(11,902,688)1,243,6706,876,982Total comprehensive income for the year(20,040,295)(10,004,880)(18,028,121)(4,801,102)6,526,172Outstanding shares2,299,9151,860,8311,750,1421,694,4891,694,489Earnings per share, basic diluted8.067.966.800.734.06Balance Sheet DataCash and cash equivalents$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,341$21,214,080$20,604,583Noncurrent assets29,837,87540,966,31934,754,94247,221,52952,929,386Current assets31,328,13140,343,38656,343,82362,098,95162,093,570Working capital24,463,44633,060,87748,647,18553,598,85452,704,076Total assets61,166,00681,309,70591,098,765109,310,480115,022,956Current liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,500,0979,389,493Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,5097,696,6388,503,5069,404,880Equity54,301,32174,027,19683,402,127100,816,974105,618,076B.Capitalization and IndebtednessNot applicable.C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of ProceedsNot applicable.D.Risk FactorsAn investment in our capital stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the otherinformation included in this annual report, before making an investment decision. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial conditionor results of operations could suffer. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.3Table of ContentsRISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSGeneral economic conditions, including a prolonged weakness in the economy, may affect consumer discretionary spending, which could adversely affect ourbusiness and financial performance.The apparel industry has historically been subject to substantial cyclical variations. Our business and financial performance are dependent on a number of factorsimpacting consumer discretionary spending, including general economic and business conditions; consumer confidence; wages and employment levels; thehousing market; consumer debt levels; availability of consumer credit; credit and interest rates; fuel and energy costs; energy shortages; taxes; general politicalconditions, both domestic and abroad. Consumer product purchases, including purchases of our products, may decline during recessionary periods. Our ability toaccess the capital markets may be restricted at a time when we would like, or need, to raise capital, which could impair on our ability to open additional stores orbuild additional manufacturing lines. In addition, as domestic and international economic conditions change, trends in consumer spending on discretionary items,including our merchandise, become unpredictable and subject to reductions due to economic uncertainties. A prolonged economic recovery or an uncertain outlookin the economy could result in additional declines in consumer discretionary spending, which could materially affect our financial performance.A contraction in apparel sales and production could impair our results of operations and liquidity and jeopardize our supply base.Apparel sales and production are cyclical and depend, among other things, on general economic conditions and consumer spending and preferences. As thevolume of apparel production fluctuates, the demand for our products also fluctuates. A contraction in apparel sales could harm our results of operations andliquidity. In addition, our suppliers would also be subject to many of the same consequences which could pressure their results of operations and liquidity.Depending on an individual supplier’s financial condition and access to capital, its viability could be challenged which could impact its ability to perform as weexpect and consequently our ability to meet our own commitments.If we are unable to anticipate consumer preferences and develop new menswear products, we may not be able to maintain or increase our net revenues andprofits.Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define apparel trends as well as to anticipate, gauge and react to changing consumer demands formenswear in a timely manner. Our target market of consumers comprises urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 with moderatetohigh levels of disposableincome. Our business is particularly sensitive to their fashion preferences, which cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumeracceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, and our future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes. If we failto anticipate accurately and respond to trends and shifts in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing product offerings, developing new products,designs, styles and categories, we could experience lower sales, excess inventories and lower profit margins. In a distressed economic and retail environment, manyof our competitors may engage in aggressive activities, such as markdowns or other promotional sales to dispose of excess, slowmoving inventory, furtherincreasing the need to react appropriately to changing consumer preferences and fashion trends. Failure to do so could adversely affect the level of acceptance ofour products, our brand image and our relationship with our distributors, and therefore have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results ofoperations.The apparel industry is highly competitive, and if we fail to compete effectively, we could lose our market position.The menswear industry is highly competitive in China and worldwide. We compete with various domestic brands with similar business models and target markets.We also compete with a growing number of international brands trying to expand their market share in China to take advantage of rising consumer spending oncasual menswear. Our primary international and domestic competitors include Exceed, Xiniya, Cabbeen, GXG and NQ. Some of our competitors are significantlylarger and have greater financial resources than we do. In order to compete effectively, we must: (1) maintain the image of our brands and our reputation forinnovation and high quality; (2) be flexible and innovative in responding to rapidly changing market demands on the basis of brand image, style, performance andquality; and (3) offer consumers a wide variety of high quality products at competitive prices.4Table of ContentsThe purchasing decisions of consumers are highly subjective and can be influenced by many factors, such as brand image, marketing programs and productfeatures. Some of our competitors enjoy competitive advantages, including greater brand recognition and greater financial resources for competitive activities, suchas sales, marketing and strategic acquisitions. The number of our direct competitors and the intensity of competition may increase as we expand into other productlines or as other companies expand into our product lines. Our competitors may enter into business combinations or alliances that strengthen their competitivepositions or prevent us from taking advantage of such combinations or alliances. Our competitors also may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than wecan to new or changing opportunities, standards or consumer preferences. Our results of operations and market position may be adversely impacted by ourcompetitors and the competitive pressures in the menswear industries.Failure to effectively promote or develop our brand could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.We sell all our products under the KBS brand, from which we derive most of our revenues. Brand image is an important factor that affects a customer’s purchasingdecision for menswear products. Our success therefore depends on, among other things, market recognition and acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture,lifestyle, and images associated with the brand, some of which may not be within our control. We have limited control over our distributors that we rely upon to sellour products, which may limit our ability to ensure a consistent brand image. See “Risks Factors Related to Our Business –We have limited control over the ultimateretail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhere to, or fail to cause the third party retail outletoperators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.” We began designing, promoting, and selling KBS branded products in China in 2006. To effectivelypromote KBS brand, we need build and maintain the brand image by focusing on a variety of promotional and marketing activities to promote brand awareness, aswell as to increase its presence in the markets in which we compete. There is no assurance that we will be able to effectively promote or develop KBS brand, and ifwe fail to do so, the goodwill of KBS brand may be undermined and our business as well as our financial results may be adversely affected. In addition, negativepublicity or disputes regarding KBS brand, products, company, or management could materially and adversely affect public perception of KBS brand. Any impact onour ability to continue to sell KBS brand or any significant damage to KBS brand’s image could materially and adversely affect our sales and profits.Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if welose their services.Our future success heavily depends on the continued service of our senior executives and other key employees. In particular, we rely on the expertise, experience,and business contacts, of Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ms. Lixia Tu, our Director and Chief Financial Officer and Mr. ThemisKalapotharakos, our director. If one or more of our senior executives are unable or unwilling to continue to work for us in their present positions, we may have tospend a considerable amount of time and resources searching, recruiting, and integrating the replacements into our operations, which would substantially divertmanagement’s attention from and severely disrupt the Company business. This may also adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategy. Moreover, ifany of our senior executives joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, suppliers and key employees.Failure to execute our business expansion plan could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.A large part of our initial growth resulted from an increase in the number of our retail sales outlets, including corporate and franchised stores, and the increased salesvolume and profitability provided by these sales outlets. The number of our sales outlets increased from 8 in 2006 to 33 in year 2018.5Table of ContentsWe have our factory located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China, consisting of an aggregate of 110,457 square meters of land. Currently the facility there has aproduction capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year and can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces original equipmentmanufacturer (OEM) products for online stores, regional apparel brands and overseas orders. The construction commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases:Phase 1 consists of the construction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We havecompleted the construction of facilities of Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Phase 3 construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has beendelayed because the local government needs additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Because the time forthe government to resolve this matter is uncertain, we wrote off the land use right of the third parcel of land from account balance, according to the internationalframework reporting standard. Phase 4 includes building production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quartersand living facilities on the third parcel of land. As a result, our commitments to this facility may reduce our liquidity for an indefinite period and until it is completed.We could also indefinitely lose opportunities to expand our sales due to any further delay of our construction.The decision to increase our production capacity was based in part on our projections of market demand for our products and OEM orders from other brand nameowners. If actual customer demand does not meet our projections, we will likely suffer overcapacity problems and may have to leave capacity idle or need to contractout our facilities at an unfavorable price, which may reduce our overall profitability and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our futuresuccess depends on our ability to expand the Company’s business to address growth in demand for our current and future products.Our ability to expand the Company’s business is subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including:●the unavailability of additional funding to invest more in brand recognition such as advertisement, expand our production capacity, purchase additionalfixed assets and purchase raw materials on favorable terms or at all;●our inability to manage an online shop, hire qualified personnel and establish distribution methods;●conditions in the commercial real estate market existing at the time we seek to expand;●delays and cost overruns as a result of a number of factors, many of which may be beyond our control, such as problems with equipment vendors andcontract manufacturers;●failure to maintain high quality control standards;●shortage of raw materials;●our inability to obtain, or delays in obtaining, required approvals by relevant government authorities;●diversion of significant management attention and other resources; and●failure to execute our expansion plan effectively.The expansion of our business may place significant strain on our personnel, management, financial systems and operational infrastructure and may impede ourability to meet any increased demand for our products. To accommodate the Company’s growth, we will need to implement a variety of new and upgradedoperational and financial systems, procedures, and controls, including improvements to our accounting and other internal management systems, by dedicatingadditional resources to our reporting and accounting function and improvements to our record keeping and contract tracking system. We will also need to recruitmore personnel and train and manage our growing employee base. Furthermore, we will need to maintain and expand relationships with our current and futurecustomers, suppliers, distributors and other third parties, and there is no guarantee that we will succeed.In the future, we also intend to invest more resources to research and purchase online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that we will have betteropportunities to expand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores. In addition, we will keep on exploring other areas and business models, such as theuse of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends.If we encounter any of the risks described above or if we are otherwise unable to establish or successfully operate online shops or additional production capacity,we may be unable to grow our business and revenues, reduce our operating costs, maintain our competitiveness or improve our profitability and, consequently, ourbusiness, financial condition, results of operations and prospects will be adversely affected.6Table of ContentsIf we are unable to fund capital expenditures or obtain additional sources of liquidity when we need it, our business may be adversely affected. In addition, ifwe obtain equity financing, the issuance of our equity securities could cause dilution for our stockholders. To the extent we obtain the financing through theissuance of debt securities, our debt service obligations could increase, and we may become subject to restrictive operating and financial covenants.We anticipate that we will make substantial capital investments to expand our business within the next 3 years. There is no assurance that we will have sufficientcash to fund our anticipated capital expenditures. If we need but are unable to obtain adequate financing with on terms favorable to us, we may be unable tosuccessfully maintain our operations and accomplish our growth strategy. In addition, we may be unable to generate sufficient cash internally or obtain alternativesources of capital to fund our proposed capital expenditures, take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures. As a result, we mayseek to sell additional equity securities, debt securities, or borrow from lending institutions. Any issuance of equity securities could cause dilution for ourstockholders. Any incurrence of indebtedness could increase our debt service obligations and cause us to be subject to restrictive operating and financecovenants. Our ability to obtain external financing in the future is also subject to a number of uncertainties, including:●Our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;●general market conditions for financing activities by companies in our industry;●economic, political and other conditions in China and elsewhere; and●uncertain economic prospect and tightened credit markets resulting from the recent global economic slowdown and financial market crisis.If we are unable to obtain funding in a timely manner or on commercially acceptable terms, or at all, our growth prospects and future profitability may be materiallyadversely affected. Adverse changes in the capital markets could make it difficult to obtain capital or obtain it at attractive rates.Our past results may not be indicative of our future performance and evaluating our business and prospects may be difficult.Our business has gone through various stages of the business life cycle in recent years as demonstrated by our growth in net sales, which reached $99.6 million forthe year ended December 31, 2013, while in 2014 our net sales decreased by 40% to $58.8 million and in year 2015 net sales went up slightly by 4.3% to $61.3 million,our net sales decreased by 32.8% to $41.2 million in 2016, net sales decreased 42% to $23.8 million in 2017 and net sales further decreased 22% to $18.53 million in2018. The decrease in sales in 2016, 2017 and 2018 as compared with 2013 was mainly due to the slowdown of the Chinese economic growth and a challenging retailenvironment. As a result, we cannot assure that we will be able to achieve similar growth in future periods as recent years before 2014, and our historical operatingresults may not provide a meaningful basis for evaluating our business, financial performance and prospects. Moreover, our ability to achieve satisfactoryproduction results at higher volumes is unproven. Therefore, you should not rely on our past results or our historical rate of growth as an indication of our futureperformance.We experience fluctuations in operating results.Our annual and quarterly operating results have fluctuated, and are expected to continue to fluctuate. Among the factors that may cause our operating results tofluctuate are customers’ response to merchandise offerings, the timing of the rollout of new sales outlets, seasonal variations in sales, the timing of merchandisereceipts, the level of merchandise returns, changes in merchandise mix and presentation, our cost of merchandise, unanticipated operating costs, and other factorsbeyond our control, such as general economic conditions and actions of competitors.We have historically experienced seasonal fluctuations in our sales. A substantial portion of our revenues are typically earned during the second and fourthquarters and we generally experience lowest revenues during the first and third quarters. If sales during the second and fourth quarters are lower than expected, ouroperating results would be adversely affected, and it would have a disproportionately large impact on our annual operating results. The sales of our products arealso affected by local spending behavior, which are typically affected by seasonal shopping patterns during major Chinese holidays.7Table of ContentsAs a result of these factors, we believe that periodtoperiod comparisons of historical and future results will not necessarily be meaningful and should not be reliedon as an indication of future performance.Our failure to collect the trade receivables or untimely collection could affect our liquidity.Our distributors place advance purchase orders twice a year. From 2015 to 2018, we typically expect and receive payment within 30180 days of product delivery. Inaddition, approximately 83.2% of accounts receivables are within a 180 days credit term. Starting in September 2015, we extended credit to some of our customers to150180 days without requiring collaterals. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of the financial condition of our customers and we generally require no collateralfrom our distributors and authorized retailers to secure their payment obligations. However, our sales going forward may rely more heavily on credit, and if weencounter future problems collecting amounts due from our clients or if we experience delays in the collection of amounts due from our clients, our liquidity could benegatively affected.The Chinese economy experienced a softening of economic growth, and the apparel industry is also facing a downturn. The impact of the current and possiblefuture economic downturn on our distributors cannot be predicted and may be severe, causing a significant impact on their business. As a result, our financialcondition and result of operations could be negatively affected. In addition, if they cannot continue their orders of our products due to the failure of paying us forits previous purchases, our brand image and reputation may be materially negatively affected as well.We rely on distributors for a substantial portion of our sales and the loss of any of our large distributors would harm our business. A substantial portion of our sales are made to distributors that resell our products. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, distributors accounted forapproximately 67% and 73% of our total sales, respectively, and our top five distributors accounted for approximately 23.8% and 34.8% of our total sales,respectively. The marketing efforts of our distributors are critical for our success. If we fail to attract additional distributors, and our existing distributors do notpromote our products at the same or at a greater level than the products of our competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could beadversely affected.Furthermore, there is no assurance that any of our distributors will satisfy the sales targets set forth in their distribution agreements and we or they may not wish torenew the distribution agreements in future years. Moreover, our distributors are not obliged to continue to place orders with the Company at the same level asbefore or at all and there is no assurance that we would be able to obtain orders from other distributors to replace any such lost sales on terms satisfactory to us orall. If any of our largest distributors substantially reduces its purchases from us, or otherwise fails to renew its distribution agreement with us, we may suffer asignificant loss of sales and our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We have limited control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and our image and business may be adversely affected if our distributors fail to adhereto, or fail to cause the third party retail outlet operators to adhere to, our retail policies and standards.We rely on the contractual obligations set forth in the distribution agreements that we enter into with our distributors, as well as policies and standards we formulatefrom time to time, to impose our retail policies on these distributors in respect of the franchisee retail outlets. In addition, as we do not enter into any agreementswith the third party retail outlet operators, we rely on our distributors to ensure that these franchisee retail outlets operate in accordance with our retail policies. Assuch, our control over the ultimate retail sales by our distributors and the franchisee retail outlet operators is limited. There is no assurance that our distributors orthe third party franchisee retail outlet operators will comply with, or that the distributors will enforce, our retail policies. As a result, we may not be able to effectivelymanage our sales network or maintain a uniform brand image, and cannot assure you that franchisee retail outlets would continue to offer quality services toconsumers.8Table of ContentsIn addition, if any of the distributors or third party franchisee retail outlet operators experiences difficulties in selling our products in the retail market, they mayattempt to disregard our pricing policies and liquidate their excessive inventory buildup through aggressive discounts, which may damage the image and the valueof our brand. There is no assurance that we will be able to, in a timely manner, impose penalties on or replace any distributors who consistently fail to comply with,or fail to cause the third party franchisee retail outlet operators appointed by them to comply with, our retail policies in their operation of franchisee retail outlets. Insuch event, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.We may not be able to accurately track the inventory levels at our distributors, retailers or department store concessions.Our ability to track the sales by our distributors to thirdparty retailers and the ultimate retail sales by the retailers, and consequently their respective inventorylevels, is limited. We implement a policy to require our distributors to provide us with their sales reports on a weekly basis and we carry out random onsiteinspections of our distributors to track their inventories. The purpose of tracking the inventory level is mainly to gather information regarding the market acceptanceof our products so that we can reflect consumers’ preferences in the design and development of our products for the next season. The tracking of inventory levelalso helps us to understand the market recognition of our products in a particular region, and thus allows us to adjust our marketing strategy if necessary. Theimplementation of the policy, however, requires the distributors to accurately report the relevant data to us in a timely manner, which is largely dependent on thecooperation of the Company’s distributors. We may not always obtain the required data in time and the data provided to us by our distributors may be inaccurate orincomplete.Inaccurate, mistaken, incomplete or delayed data regarding inventory levels may mislead the Company to make wrong business judgments for its production,marketing efforts and sales strategies. If that happens, our operations and financial results may be materially adversely affected. In addition, if we cannot manageinventory levels properly, future orders of our products may be reduced, which would materially adversely affect our future business, financial condition, results ofoperation and prospects.Our operations could be materially adversely affected if we fail to effectively manage our relationships with, or lose the services of, our OEM contractmanufacturers.The production of our brand name products are 100% outsourced to PRCbased thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2018 and2017 we had 5 and 6 contract manufacturers, respectively. Purchases from our top five OEM contract manufacturers accounted for approximately 92% and 88.6% ofour total purchases for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As we do not enter into longterm contracts with our OEM contractmanufacturers, they may decide not to accept our future OEM orders on the same or similar terms, or at all. If an OEM contract manufacturer decides to substantiallyreduce its volume of supply to us or to terminate its business relationship with us, we may not be able to find a proper replacement in a timely manner and may beforced to default on the agreements with our distributors that sell our products. This may negatively impact our revenues and adversely affect our reputation andrelationships with our distributors that sell our products, causing a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.Further, if any of our OEM contract manufacturers fails to provide the required number of products meeting our quality standards, we may have to delay delivery ofproducts to our distributors, become unable to supply products at all, or even recall products previously dispatched. This could cause the Company to loserevenues or market share and damage our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operationsand prospects. In addition, some OEM contract manufacturers may not fully comply with certain laws, such as labor and environmental laws. If any of our OEMcontract manufacturers is found to have violated laws and regulations in the PRC, media reports on such violations may negatively affect our reputation and image,resulting in material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.9Table of ContentsWhile we provide the designs of our products to the OEM contract manufacturers, as well as guidance for manufacturing the products ordered by us, we do nothave direct control over the OEM contract manufacturers. If any of them is involved in unauthorized production and sale of goods using the KBS brand, ourreputation, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.As the Company grows, our reliance on OEM contract manufacturers may also grow as our added production capacity may not be sufficient to keep pace with theincreased production requirements driven by our growth. We may not be able to find sufficient additional OEM contract manufacturers to produce our products onthe same or similar terms as our existing OEM contract manufacturers, and we may not be able to achieve our growth and development goals.Any interruption in our operations could impair our financial performance and negatively affect our brand. Our operations are complicated and integrated, involving the coordination of thirdparty OEM contract manufacturers and external distribution processes. Whilethese operations are modified on a regular basis in an effort to improve outsourcing and distribution efficiency and flexibility, we may experience difficulties incoordinating the various aspects of our operations processes, thereby causing downtime and delays. In addition, we may encounter interruption in our operationsprocesses due to a catastrophic loss or events beyond our control, such as fires, explosions, labor disturbances or violent weather conditions. Any interruptions inour operations or capabilities at our facilities could result in our inability to procure our products, which would reduce our net sales and earnings for the affectedperiod. If there are delays in delivery times to our customers, our business and reputation could be severely affected. Any significant delays in deliveries to ourcustomers could lead to increased returns or cancellations and cause the Company to lose future sales. The Company currently does not have business interruptioninsurance to offset these potential losses, delays and risks so a material interruption of our business operations could severely damage our business.We rely heavily on our management information system for inventory management, distribution and other functions. If our system fail to perform thesefunctions adequately or if we experience an interruption in our operation, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. The efficient operation of our business is dependent on our management information systems. We rely heavily on our management information systems to manageour order entry, order fulfillment, pricing, pointofsale and inventory replenishment processes. We cannot assure you that our management information system will operate properly or without interruption. Any malfunction to any part or all of our managementinformation system for a prolonged period may cause delays in operations or impairment of our overall business efficiency. We also cannot ensure that the level ofsecurity currently maintained will be sufficient to protect the system from third party intrusions, viruses, lost or stolen data, or similar situations. Additionally, aspart of our growth and development strategy over the next few years, we plan to upgrade and improve our management information system. We cannot assure youthat there will be no interruptions to our management information system during the upgrades or that the new management information system will be able tointegrate fully with the existing information system. The failure of our management information system to perform as we anticipate could disrupt our business and could result in decreased revenue, increased overheadcosts and excess or outofstock inventory levels, causing our business and results of operations to suffer materially. Failure to protect the integrity, security and use of our customers’ information and media could expose us to litigation and materially damage our standingwith our customers. Increasing costs associated with information security — such as increased investment in technology, the costs of compliance with consumer protection laws andcosts resulting from consumer fraud — could cause our business and results of operations to suffer materially. While we have taken significant steps to protectcustomer and confidential information, including entering into confidentiality agreements with relevant employees and incorporate confidentiality clauses in ourpolicies, there can be no assurance that advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments will prevent thecompromise of our customer transaction processing capabilities and personal data. If any such compromise of our security were to occur, it could have a materialadverse effect on our reputation, operating results and financial condition. Any such compromise may materially increase the costs we incur to protect against suchinformation security breaches and could subject us to additional legal risk. Procurement specialists and managers are required to sign a confidentiality agreement. 10Table of ContentsWe have limited insurance coverage in China and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses. Operation of our facilities involves many risks, including equipment failures, natural disasters, industrial accidents, power outages, labor disturbances and otherbusiness interruptions. We do not carry any business interruption insurance, product recall or thirdparty liability insurance for our production facilities or withrespect to our products to cover claims pertaining to personal injury or property or environmental damage arising from defects in our products, product recalls,accidents on our property or damage relating to our operations. While business interruption insurance and other types of insurance are available to a limited extentin China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of such insurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commerciallyreasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Therefore, our existing insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all risks associatedwith our business. As a result, we may be required to pay for financial and other losses, damages and liabilities, including those caused by natural disasters andother events beyond our control, out of our own funds, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our inability to protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights may prevent us from successfully marketing our products and competingeffectively. We believe our trademarks and other intellectual property rights are important to our success and competitive position and recognize the importance of registeringthe trademarks related to our KBS brand for protection against infringement. We currently hold two registered trademarks. Failure to protect our intellectual propertycould harm our brand and our reputation, and adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. Further, enforcing or defending our intellectual property rights,including our trademarks, patents, copyrights and trade secrets, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. We produce, marketand sell our products under registered trademarks. We regard our intellectual property, particularly our trademarks and trade secrets to be of considerable value andimportance to our business and our success. We rely on a combination of trademark, patent, and trade secrecy laws, and contractual provisions to protect ourintellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect these proprietary rights will be adequate or that third parties will notinfringe or misappropriate our trademarks, trade secrets or similar proprietary rights. In addition, there can be no assurance that other parties will not assertinfringement claims against us, and we may have to pursue litigation against other parties to assert our rights. Any such claim or litigation could be costly, and wemay lack the resources required to defend against such claims. In addition, any event that would jeopardize our proprietary rights or any claims of infringement bythird parties could have a material adverse effect on our ability to market or sell our brands, and profitably exploit our products.Environmental regulations impose substantial costs and limitations on our operations. We use chemicals and produce significant emissions in our manufacturing operations. As such, we are subject to various national and local environmental laws andregulations in China concerning issues such as air emissions, wastewater discharges, and solid waste management and disposal. These laws and regulations canrestrict or limit our operations and expose us to liability and penalties for noncompliance. While we believe that our facilities are in material compliance with allapplicable environmental laws and regulations, the risks of substantial unanticipated costs and liabilities related to compliance with these laws and regulations arean inherent part of our business. It is possible that future conditions may develop, arise or be discovered that create new environmental compliance or remediationliabilities and costs. While we believe that we can comply with existing environmental legislation and regulatory requirements and that the costs of compliance havebeen included within budgeted cost estimates, compliance may prove to be more limiting and costly than anticipated.We may be unable to establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, and, as a result, we may be unable to accuratelyreport our financial results or prevent fraud.We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities law. The SEC as required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (“SOX 404”), adoptedrules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal control over financial reporting in its annual report, which mustalso contain management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, the independent registered publicaccounting firm auditing the financial statements of a company that is not a nonaccelerated filer under Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act must also attest to theoperating effectiveness of the company’s internal controls.11Table of ContentsFailure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could result in our inability to accurately report our financial results, prevent or detect fraudor provide timely and reliable financial and other information pursuant to the reporting obligations we have as a public company, which could have a materialadverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, it could cause our investors to lose confidence in the information we report,which could adversely affect our stock price.RISKS RELATED TO DOING BUSINESS IN CHINAOur business operation may be affected if we are forced to relocate our manufacturing facilities and stores.We leased the premises for our office located in Shishi and one corporate store. However, none of our lease agreements have been registered with the relevantgovernmental agencies. According to our PRC legal counsel, without registration, our rights to use and occupy the premises may not be secured if any third partiessuch as other tenants who have registered their lease agreements challenge us under PRC law. Moreover, while we have taken various measures to verify theownership of property such as checking utility bills and search government records, most of our landlords have declined to confirm whether they possess theproperty ownership certificates and land use rights certificates for our properties. As a result, we have been unable to verify whether third parties may assert theirownership rights under PRC law against most of our landlords or challenge most of our leases in the future. If our rights to use the premises are challenged, we maybe forced to relocate to other premises. We may not be able to relocate to a suitable premise promptly or lease alternative premises on terms at least as favorable asour existing ones. In addition, relocation costs and interruption of production may have a material adverse effect on our business operation and financialperformance.Changes in the economic and political policies of the PRC government could have a material and adverse effect on our business and operations.We conduct substantially all our business operations in China. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are significantly dependenton economic and political developments in China. China’s economy differs from the economies of developed countries in many aspects, including the level ofdevelopment, growth rate and degree of government control over foreign exchange and allocation of resources. While China’s economy has experienced significantgrowth in the past 30 years, the growth has been uneven across different regions and periods and among various economic sectors in China. We cannot assure youthat China’s economy will continue to grow, or that if there is growth, such growth will be steady and uniform, or that if there is a slowdown, such slowdown will nothave a negative effect on its business and results of operations.The PRC government exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, control over payment of foreign currencydenominated obligations, implementation of monetary policy, and preferential treatment of particular industries or companies. Certain measures adopted by the PRCgovernment may restrict loans to certain industries, such as changes in the statutory deposit reserve ratio and lending guidelines for commercial banks by thePeople’s Bank of China, or PBOC. These current and future government actions could materially affect our liquidity, access to capital, and ability to operate ourbusiness.The global financial markets experienced significant disruptions in 2008 and the United States, Europe and other economies went into recession. Since 2012, growthof the Chinese economy has slowed. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources.Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy but may also have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operation could bematerially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, any stimulusmeasures designed to boost the Chinese economy, may contribute to higher inflation, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.See “Risks Related to Doing Business in China Future inflation in China may inhibit our ability to conduct business in China.”12Table of ContentsUncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could limit the legal protections available to you and us.We conduct substantially all of our business through our operating subsidiaries in the PRC. Our operating subsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulationsapplicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws applicable to foreigninvested enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes, andprior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, a series of new PRC laws and regulations have significantlyenhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, since the PRC legal system continues to evolve rapidly, theinterpretations of many laws, regulations, and rules are not always uniform, and enforcement of these laws, regulations, and rules involve uncertainties, which maylimit legal protections available to you and us. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources andmanagement attention. In addition, most of our executive officers and directors are residents of China and not of the United States, and substantially all the assets ofthese persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it could be difficult for investors to affect service of process in the United States or to enforce ajudgment obtained in the United States against our Chinese operations and subsidiaries.You may have difficulty enforcing judgments against us.Most of our assets are located outside of the United States and most of our current operations are conducted in the PRC. In addition, most of our directors andofficers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons is located outside the UnitedStates. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce inU.S. courts judgments on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, most of whom are not residents inthe United States and the substantial majority of whose assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts ofthe PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts. Our counsel as to PRC law has advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgmentsare provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. Courts in China may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRCCivil Procedures Law based on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have anytreaties or other arrangements that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments with the United States. In addition, according to thePRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violatesbasic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security, or the public interest. So, it is uncertain whether a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by acourt in the United States.The PRC government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities.The PRC government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and stateownership. Our ability to operate in China may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, import and export tariffs,environmental regulations, land use rights, property, and other matters. We believe that our operations in China are in material compliance with all applicable legaland regulatory requirements. However, the central or local governments of the jurisdictions in which we operate may impose new, stricter regulations orinterpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations orinterpretations.Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision not to continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more centrally plannedeconomy or regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant effect on economic conditions in China or particularregions thereof and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then hold in Chinese properties or joint venturesRestrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our sales effectively. The majority of our sales will be settled in RMB and U.S. dollars, and any future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit our ability to use revenue generated inRMB to fund any future business activities outside China or to make dividend or other payments in U.S. dollars. Although the Chinese government introducedregulations in 1996 to allow greater convertibility of the RMB for current account transactions, significant restrictions still remain, including primarily the restrictionthat foreigninvested enterprises may only buy, sell or remit foreign currencies after providing valid commercial documents, at those banks in China authorized toconduct foreign exchange business. In addition, conversion of RMB for capital account items, including direct investment and loans, is subject to governmentalapproval in China, and companies are required to open and maintain separate foreign exchange accounts for capital account items. We cannot be certain that theChinese regulatory authorities will not impose more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of the RMB in the future.13Table of ContentsFluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.The value of our securities will be indirectly affected by the foreign exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and RMB and between those currencies and othercurrencies in which our sales may be denominated. Appreciation or depreciation in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial resultsreported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations. Fluctuations in the exchange rate will alsoaffect the relative value of any dividend we issue that will be exchanged into U.S. dollars, as well as earnings from, and the value of, any U.S. dollardenominatedinvestments we make in the future.Since July 2005, the RMB has no longer been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Since then the RMB has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly andunpredictably, and in recent years the RMB has depreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progresstowards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate systemand there is no guarantee that the RMB will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how marketforces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future.Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedgingtransactions. While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited, and we may not beable to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition, our foreign currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrictour ability to convert RMB into foreign currencies. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends and other distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you, and otherwise fund and conduct our business. Substantially all of our sales are earned by our PRC subsidiaries. However, PRC regulations restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make dividends and otherpayments to their offshore parent companies. PRC legal restrictions permit payments of dividends by our PRC subsidiaries only out of their accumulated aftertaxprofits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are also required under PRC laws and regulations toallocate at least 10% of their annual aftertax profits determined in accordance with PRC GAAP to a statutory general reserve fund until the amounts in said fundreaches 50% of their registered capital. Allocations to these statutory reserve funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not transferable to us in the formof loans, advances, or cash dividends. Any limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to transfer funds to us could materially and adversely limit our ability togrow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends and otherwise fund and conduct our business.PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary toliability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital ordistribute profits.SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing andRoundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as “SAFECircular 75” promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of the SAFE in connection with theirdirect establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets orequity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a “special purpose vehicle.” SAFE Circular 37 furtherrequires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capitalcontributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in aspecial purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profitdistributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent crossborder foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted inits ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described abovecould result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for theForeign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015 by SAFE, local banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration foroverseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under SAFE Circular 37 from June 1, 2015.14Table of ContentsAccording to SAFE Circular 37, our shareholders or beneficial owners, who are PRC residents, are subject to SAFE Circular 37 or other foreign exchangeadministrative regulations in respect of their investment in our company. We have notified substantial beneficial owners of ordinary shares who we know are PRCresidents of their filing obligations. Nevertheless, we may not be aware of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. We do not havecontrol over our beneficial owners and there can be no assurance that all of our PRCresident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE Circular 37 and subsequentimplementation rules, and there is no assurance that the registration under SAFE Circular 37 and any amendment will be completed in a timely manner, or will becompleted at all. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their foreign exchange registrations in a timely manner pursuant toSAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with theregistration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to fines andlegal sanctions. Such failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiary and limitour PRC subsidiary’s ability to distribute dividends to our company. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and resultsof operations.Furthermore, SAFE Circular 37 is unclear how this regulation, and any future regulation concerning offshore or crossborder transactions, will be interpreted,amended and implemented by the relevant PRC government authorities, and we cannot predict how these regulations will affect our business operations or futurestrategy. Failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRCsubsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to us. These risks could in the future have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results ofoperations.We may be unable to complete a business combination transaction efficiently or on favorable terms due to complicated merger and acquisition regulationswhich became effective on September 8, 2006.On August 9, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the China Securities Regulatory Commission, promulgated the Regulation on Mergers and Acquisitionsof Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006, and was subsequently amended in 2009. This regulation, among otherthings, governs the approval process of a PRC company’s participation in an acquisition of assets or equity interests. Depending on the structure of the transaction,the regulation requires the PRC parties to make a series of applications and supplemental applications to the government agencies for approval of acquisition ofassets or equity interests from other entity. In some instances, the application process may require a presentation of economic data concerning the transaction,including appraisals of the target business and evaluations of the acquirer, which are designed to allow the government to assess viability of the transaction.Government approvals will have expiration dates, by which a transaction must be completed and reported to the government agencies. Compliance with theregulation is likely to be more time consuming and expensive than it was in the past, and provides the government more controls over business combination of twoenterprises. As a result, our ability to engage in business combination transactions has become significantly more complicated, time consuming, and expensive. Wemay not be able to negotiate a transaction that is acceptable to our stockholders or sufficiently protect their interests in a transaction.The regulation allows PRC governmental agencies to assess the economic terms of a business combination transaction. Parties to a business combinationtransaction may have to submit to MOFCOM and other relevant government agencies an appraisal report, an evaluation report, and the acquisition agreement, all ofwhich were a part of the application for approval, depending on the structure of the transaction. The regulation also prohibits a transaction with an acquisition priceobviously lower than the appraised value of the PRC business or assets and in certain transaction structures, and requires consideration being paid within a definedperiod, generally not in excess of a year. The regulation also limits our ability to negotiate various terms of the acquisition, including the initial consideration,contingent consideration, holdback provisions, indemnification provisions, and provisions related to the assumption and allocation of assets and liabilities.Transaction structures involving trusts, nominees and similar entities are prohibited. Therefore, such regulation may impede our ability to negotiate and complete abusiness combination transaction on financial terms that satisfy our investors and protect our stockholders’ economic interests.15Table of ContentsPRC regulation of loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion mayrestrict or prevent us from using the proceeds of our future financings to make loans to our PRC subsidiaries, or to make additional capital contributions toour PRC subsidiary.We, as an offshore holding company, are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC subsidiary, which are treated as foreigninvestedenterprises under PRC laws, through loans or capital contributions. However, loans by us to any PRC subsidiary to finance its activities cannot exceed statutorylimits and must be registered with the local counterpart of SAFE and capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary are subject to the requirement of making necessaryfilings in the Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System, and registration with other governmental authorities in China.SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital ofForeigninvested Enterprises, or Circular 19, effective on June 1, 2015, in replacement of the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvementof the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign Invested Enterprises, or Circular 142, the Notice from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Exchange Businesses, or Circular 59, and theCircular on Further Clarification and Regulation of the Issues Concerning the Administration of Certain Capital Account Foreign Exchange Businesses, orCircular 45. According to Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of a foreigninvestedcompany is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans, the repayment of interenterprise loans or the repayment ofbank loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registered capital of aforeign invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within the PRC, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currencydenominated capital of a foreigninvested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFEwill permit such capital to be used for equity investments in the PRC in actual practice. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, whichreiterates some of the rules set forth in Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currencydenominated registeredcapital of a foreigninvested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to grant loans to nonassociated enterprises.Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. Circular 19 and Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer anyforeign currency we hold, including the net proceeds from our future financings, to our PRC subsidiary, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability tofund and expand our business in the PRC.Due to the restrictions imposed on loans in foreign currencies extended to any PRC domestic companies, we are not likely to make such loans to any of our PRCsubsidiaries. Meanwhile, we are not likely to finance the activities of our subsidiaries by means of capital contributions given the restrictions on foreign investmentin the businesses that are currently conducted by our subsidiaries.In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannotassure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, withrespect to future loans to our PRC subsidiary or any consolidated variable interest entity or future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiary. As a result,uncertainties exist as to our ability to provide prompt financial support to our PRC subsidiaries when needed. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain suchapprovals, our ability to use foreign currency, including the proceeds we received from our future financings, and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operationsmay be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.16Table of ContentsAny failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal oradministrative sanctions.Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas nonpubliclylisted companies may submit applications to SAFE orits local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. In the meantime, our directors, executive officers andother employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year, subject to limitedexceptions, and who have been granted restricted shares, options or restricted share units, or RSUs, by us or our overseas listed subsidiaries may follow the Noticeon Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company,issued by SAFE in February 2012, to apply for the foreign exchange registration. According to those regulations, employees, directors and other managementmembers participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC citizens residing in China for acontinuous period of not less than one year, subject to limited exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which may be aPRC subsidiary of the overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines andlegal sanctions and may also limit their ability to make payment under the relevant equity incentive plans or receive dividends or sales proceeds related thereto inforeign currencies, or our ability to contribute additional capital into our domestic subsidiaries in China and limit our domestic subsidiaries’ ability to distributedividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties under PRC law that could restrict our ability or the ability of our overseas listed subsidiaries to adoptadditional equity incentive plans for our directors and employees who are PRC citizens or who are nonPRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period ofnot less than one year, subject to limited exceptions.In addition, the State Administration of Taxation has issued circulars concerning employee share options, restricted shares or RSUs. Under these circulars,employees working in the PRC who exercise share options, or whose restricted shares or RSUs vest, will be subject to PRC individual income tax. The PRCsubsidiaries of an overseas listed company have obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authoritiesand to withhold individual income taxes of those employees related to their share options, restricted shares or RSUs. If the employees fail to pay, or the PRCsubsidiaries fail to withhold, their income taxes according to relevant laws, rules and regulations, the PRC subsidiaries may face sanctions imposed by the taxauthorities.Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a “resident enterprise” of China. Such classification will likely result in unfavorable taxconsequences to us and our nonPRC shareholders.On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress of China passed a new Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law. On November 28, 2007, the State Council ofChina passed its implementing rules, which took effect on January 1, 2008. Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto managementbodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise,” meaning that it can be treated in a manner similar to a Chinese enterprise for enterprise income taxpurposes. The implementing rules of the EIT Law define de facto management as “substantial and overall management and control over the production andoperations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise.On April 22, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice Concerning Relevant Issues Regarding Cognizance of Chinese Investment ControlledEnterprises Incorporated Offshore as Resident Enterprises. According to the Criteria of de facto Management Bodies, or the Notice, further interprets the applicationof the EIT Law and its implementation nonChinese enterprise or group controlled offshore entities. Pursuant to the Notice, an enterprise incorporated in an offshorejurisdiction and controlled by a Chinese enterprise or group will be classified as a “nondomestically incorporated resident enterprise” if (i) its senior management incharge of daily operations reside or perform their duties mainly in China; (ii) its financial or personnel decisions are made or approved by bodies or persons in China;(iii) its substantial assets and properties, accounting books, corporate chops, board and shareholder minutes are kept in China; and (iv) at least half of its directorswith voting rights or senior management often resident in China. A resident enterprise would be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on its worldwideincome and must pay a withholding tax at a rate of 10%, when paying dividends to its nonPRC shareholders. However, it remains unclear as to whether the Notice isapplicable to an offshore enterprise incorporated by a Chinese natural person, nor detailed measures on imposition of tax from nondomestically incorporatedresident enterprises are available. Therefore, it is unclear how tax authorities will determine tax residency based on the facts of each case.17Table of ContentsWe may be deemed to be a resident enterprise by Chinese tax authorities. If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for the PRCenterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on financingproceeds and nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although, under the EIT Law and its implementingrules, dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued a guidance with respect to the processingof outbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for the PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidanceissued with respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation, which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to ournonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC stockholders from transferring our shares.Our failure to fully comply with PRC laws relating to social insurance and housing accumulation fund may expose it to potential administrative penalties. The PRC laws and regulations require all employers in China to fully contribute their own portion to the social insurance and housing accumulation funds for theiremployees within a certain period of time. Failure to do so may expose the employers to make rectification for the unpaid contributions by the relevant laborauthority. As of the date of this report, Hongri PRC has not paid housing accumulation funds for its employees. In addition, Hongri PRC failed to make contributions to thesocial insurance in full amount for its employees before 2014. PRC governmental authorities may impose penalties on Hongri PRC for failure to comply. In addition, inthe event that any current or former employee files a complaint with the PRC government, Hongri PRC may be subject to making up the contributions to the socialinsurance and housing accumulation funds as well as paying administrative fines. The total cost of these contributions and any related fines or penalties could besignificant and could have a material adverse effect on our working capital. We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Chinese anticorruption laws, and any determination that we violated these lawscould have a material adverse effect on our business. We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act, or FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and theirofficials and political parties by U.S. persons and issuers as defined by the statute, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have operations,agreements with third parties, and make most of our sales in China. The PRC also strictly prohibits bribery of government officials. Our activities in China create therisk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company, even though they may not alwaysbe subject to our control. It is our policy to implement safeguards to discourage these practices by our employees. However, our existing safeguards and any futureimprovements may prove to be less than effective, and the employees, consultants, sales agents, or distributors of our Company may engage in conduct for whichwe might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA or Chinese anticorruption laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to otherliabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the U.S. government may seek to hold our Companyliable for successor liability FCPA violations committed by companies in which we invest or that we acquire. If we become directly subject to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.listed Chinese companies, we may have to expendsignificant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations, stock price and reputation, and could result in a loss ofyour investment in our stock, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favorably. In the past few years, U.S. publicly traded companies that have substantially all of their operations in China, particularly companies like us have been the subject ofintense scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators, and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism,and negative publicity has centered around financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, lacking effective internal controls over financial accounting,inadequate corporate governance policies or lacking of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, criticism, and negativepublicity, the publicly traded stocks of many U.S. listed Chinese companies have sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, have become virtually worthless.Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions, and are conducting internal and external investigations into theallegations. It is not clear the effect of this sectorwide scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity will have on our Company, our business, and our stock price. If webecome the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources toinvestigate such allegations defending our Company. This situation will be costly, time consuming, and distract our management from growing our company.18Table of ContentsThe disclosures in our reports and other filings with the SEC and our other public pronouncements will not be subject to the scrutiny of any regulatory bodiesin the PRC. Accordingly, our public disclosure should be reviewed in light of the fact that no governmental agency that is located in China where all of ouroperations and business are located have conducted any due diligence on our operations or reviewed or cleared any of our disclosure. Unlike public reporting companies whose operations are located primarily in the United States, however, all of our operations will be located in China. Since all of ouroperations and business takes place in China, it may be more difficult for the Staff of the SEC to overcome the geographic and cultural obstacles that are presentwhen reviewing our disclosure. These same obstacles are not present for similar companies whose operations or business take place entirely or primarily in theUnited States. Furthermore, our SEC reports and other disclosure and public pronouncements are not subject to the review or scrutiny of any PRC regulatoryauthority. For example, the disclosure in our SEC reports and other filings are not subject to the review of the CSRC, a PRC regulator that is tasked with oversight ofthe capital markets in China. Accordingly, you should review our SEC reports, filings and our other public pronouncements with the understanding that no localregulator has done any due diligence on our company and with the understanding that none of our SEC reports, other filings or any of our other publicpronouncements has been reviewed or otherwise been scrutinized by any local regulator. Proceedings instituted by the SEC against five PRCbased accounting firms could result in financial statements being determined to be not in compliance withthe requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.In December 2012, the SEC instituted proceedings under Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) of the SEC’s Rules of Practice against five PRCbased accounting firms alleging that thesefirms had violated U.S. securities laws and the SEC’s rules and regulations thereunder by failing to provide to the SEC the firms’ work papers related to their audits ofcertain PRCbased companies that are publicly traded in the United States. Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) grants to the SEC the authority to deny to any person, temporarily orpermanently, the ability to practice before the SEC who is found by the SEC, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, to have willfully violated, or willfully aidedand abetted the violation of, any such laws or rules and regulations. On January 22, 2014, an initial administrative law decision was issued, sanctioning four of theseaccounting firms and suspending them from practicing before the SEC for a period of six months. The sanction will not take effect until there is an order ofeffectiveness issued by the SEC. In February 2014, four of these PRCbased accounting firms filed a petition for review of the initial decision. In February 2015, eachof these four accounting firms agreed to a censure and to pay fine to the SEC to settle the dispute with the SEC. The settlement stays the current proceeding for fouryears, during which time the firms are required to follow detailed procedures to seek to provide the SEC with access to Chinese firms’ audit documents via the CSRC.If a firm does not follow the procedures, the SEC would impose penalties such as suspensions, or commence a new, expedited administrative proceeding against thenoncompliant firm or it could restart the administrative proceeding against all four firms.If our independent registered public accounting firm were denied, temporarily or permanently, the ability to practice before the SEC, and we are unable to find in atimely manner another registered public accounting firm which can audit and issue a report on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determinedto not be in compliance with the requirements for financial statements of public companies with a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the SEC’s revocation of the registration of our common stock under theExchange Act, which would cause the immediate delisting of our common stock from the NASDAQ Capital Market, and the effective termination of the tradingmarket for our common stock in the United States, which would likely have a significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.19Table of ContentsOur holding company structure may limit the payment of dividends.We have no direct business operations, other than our ownership of our subsidiaries. While we have no current intention of paying dividends, should we decide inthe future to do so, as a holding company, our ability to pay dividends and meet other obligations depend upon the receipts of dividends or other payments fromour operating subsidiaries, other holdings, and investments. In addition, our operating subsidiaries, from time to time, may be subject to restrictions on their abilityto make distributions to us, including as a result of restrictive covenants in loan agreements, restrictions on the conversion of local currency into U.S. dollars orother hard currency, and other regulatory restrictions as discussed below. If future dividends are paid in RMB, fluctuations in the exchange rate for conversion ofRMB into U.S. dollars may reduce the amount received by the U.S. stockholders upon conversion of dividend payments into U.S. dollars.Chinese regulations currently permit the payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards andregulations. Our subsidiaries in China are also required to set aside a portion of their aftertax profits to fund certain reserve funds according to the Chineseaccounting standards and regulations. Currently, our subsidiaries in China are the only sources of revenues or investment holdings for the payment of dividends. Ifthey do not accumulate sufficient profits under Chinese accounting standards and regulations to satisfy certain reserve funds as required by the Chineseaccounting standards, we will be unable to pay any dividends.Aftertax profits/losses with respect to the payment of dividends from accumulated profits and the annual appropriation of aftertax profits as calculated pursuant tothe Chinese accounting standards and regulations do not result in significant differences as compared to aftertax earnings as presented in our financial statements.However, there are certain differences between PRC accounting standards and regulations and U.S. GAAP, arising from different treatment of items such asamortization of intangible assets and change in fair value of contingent consideration rising from business combinations.RISKS RELATED TO THIS OFFERING AND THE MARKET FOR OUR SECURITIES GENERALLYIf we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of NASDAQ, we would face possible delisting, which would result in a limited public market for ourshares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.Our common stock is traded and listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “KBSF.” The common stock may be delisted if we fail to maintain certainNasdaq listing requirements. For instance, companies listed on NASDAQ are subject to delisting for, among other things, failure to maintain a minimum closing bidprice per share of $1.00 for 30 consecutive business days. On March 3, 2016, we received a letter from NASDAQ indicating that for the 30 consecutive businessdays between January 20, 2016 and March 2, 2016, the bid price of our common stock closed below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement pursuant to NASDAQListing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued inclusion on The NASDAQ Capital Market. In accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we had an initial graceperiod of 180 calendar days, or until August 30, 2016, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. After the Company effectuated a oneforfifteenreverse stock split of the outstanding common stock, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq on February 27, 2017 stating that because the Company maintainedthe closing bid price of its common stock at $1.00 per share or greater from February 9 to February 24, 2017, they determined that the Company has regainedcompliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement.We cannot ensure you that we will continue to comply with the requirements for continued listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market in the future. If our commonstock is no longer listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market, our shares would likely trade on the overthecounter market. If our shares were to trade on the overthecounter market, selling our shares could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, andsecurity analysts’ coverage of us may be reduced. In addition, in the event our shares are delisted, brokerdealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed uponthem, which may discourage brokerdealers from effecting transactions in our shares, further limiting the liquidity of our shares. These factors could result in lowerprices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our shares. Such delisting from The NASDAQ Capital Market and continued or further declines in our shareprice could also greatly impair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing, and could significantly increase the ownershipdilution to shareholders caused by our issuing equity in financing or other transactions.20Table of ContentsIf we were delisted from NASDAQ, we may become subject to the trading complications experienced by “Penny Stocks” in the overthecounter market.Delisting from NASDAQ may cause our shares of common stock to become the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. The SEC generally defines a penny stock as an equitysecurity that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. One such exemption is tobe listed on NASDAQ. The market price of our common stock is currently higher than $1.00 per share. However, because the daily trading volume in our commonstock is very low, significant price movement can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Therefore, were we to be delisted from NASDAQ,our common stock may become subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules. These rules require, among other things, that any broker engaging in a purchase or sale ofour securities provide its customers with: (i) a risk disclosure document, (ii) disclosure of market quotations, if any, (iii) disclosure of the compensation of the brokerand its salespersons in the transaction and (iv) monthly account statements showing the market values of our securities held in the customer’s accounts. A brokerwould be required to provide the bid and offer quotations and compensation information before effecting the transaction. This information must be contained on thecustomer’s confirmation. Generally, brokers are less willing to effect transactions in penny stocks due to these additional delivery requirements. These requirementsmay make it more difficult for shareholders to purchase or sell our shares. Because the broker, not us, prepares this information, we would not be able to assure thatsuch information is accurate, complete or current.Trading in our shares over the last three months has been very limited, so our stock price is highly volatile, leading to the possibility that you may not be able tosell as much stock as you want at prevailing prices.Because approximately 70% of our then issued and outstanding shares of common stock was tendered in the tender offering closed on July 29, 2014, we currentlyhave a limited amount of shares eligible for public trading. The average daily trading volume in our common stock over the last three months is very limited. If limitedtrading in our common stock continues, it may be difficult for investors to sell their shares in the public market at any given time at prevailing prices. Moreover, themarket price for shares of our common stock may be made more volatile because of the relatively low volume of trading in our common stock. When trading volumeis low, significant price movement of our common stock can be caused by the trading in a relatively small number of shares. Volatility in our common stock couldcause stockholders to incur substantial losses.Numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly.There are numerous additional factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the market price of our Common Stock to fluctuate significantly. Thesefactors include:●our earnings releases, actual or anticipated changes in our earnings, fluctuations in our operating results or our failure to meet the expectations of financialmarket analysts and investors;●changes in financial estimates by us or by any securities analysts who might cover our shares;●speculation about our business in the press or the investment community;●significant developments relating to our relationships with our customers or suppliers;●stock market price and volume fluctuations of other publicly traded companies and, in particular, those that are in our industries;●customer demand for our products;●investor perceptions of our industry in general and our company in particular;●the operating and stock performance of comparable companies;●general economic conditions and trends;●major catastrophic events;●announcements by us or our competitors of new products, significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships or divestitures;●changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretation or principles;●loss of external funding sources;●sales of our shares, including sales by our directors, officers or significant shareholders; and●additions or departures of key personnel.21Table of ContentsSecurities class action litigation is often instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their share price. This type of litigation could result insubstantial costs to us and divert our management’s attention and resources. Moreover, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price andvolume fluctuations for reasons unrelated to operating performance of particular companies. For example, in July 2008, the securities markets in the United States,China and other jurisdictions experienced the largest decline in share prices since September 2001. These market fluctuations may adversely affect the price of ourshares and other interests in our company at a time when you want to sell your interest in us.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and do not anticipate paying any cashdividends on our shares. Accordingly, investors must be prepared to rely on sales of their shares after price appreciation to earn an investment return, which maynever occur. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our shares. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion ofour Board of Directors, and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable laws, and otherfactors our board deems relevant.Certain of our shareholders hold a significant percentage of our outstanding voting securities.Mr. Keyan Yan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, is the beneficial owner of approximately 37% of our outstanding voting securities. As a result, hepossesses significant influence and can elect a majority of our board of directors and authorize or prevent proposed significant corporate transactions. Hisownership and control may also have the effect of delaying or preventing a future change in control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other businesscombination or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer.Our outstanding warrants may adversely affect the market price of our shares of common stock.There are currently 393,836 warrants outstanding. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50. The sale orpossibility of sale of the shares underlying the warrants could have an adverse effect on the market price for our shares of common stock or our ability to obtainfuture financing. If and to the extent these warrants are exercised, you may experience dilution to your holdings.You will not be able to exercise your redeemable warrants if we do not have an effective registration statement and a prospectus in place when you desire to doso.No redeemable warrants will be exercisable, and we will not be obligated to issue shares of common stock upon exercise of redeemable warrants by a holder unless,at the time of such exercise, we have a registration statement or posteffective amendment under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuableupon the exercise of the redeemable warrants and a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Under the terms of a redeemable warrant agreementbetween American Stock Transfer & Trust Company as warrant agent, and us, we have agreed to use our best efforts to have a registration statement in effectcovering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants from the date the redeemable warrants become exercisable and to maintain acurrent prospectus relating to shares of common stock until the redeemable warrants expire or are redeemed, and to take such action as is necessary to qualify theshares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants for sale in those states in which the IPO was initially qualified. However, we cannotassure you that we will be able to do so. We may be unable to have a registration statement in effect covering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of theredeemable warrants or to maintain a current prospectus relating to such shares of common stock if, for example, we lack the current financial statements necessaryto be included in such registration statement or prospectus. We have no obligation to settle the redeemable warrants for cash, in any event, and the redeemablewarrants may not be exercised and we will not deliver securities therefor in the absence of an effective registration statement and a prospectus available for use. Theredeemable warrants may be deprived of any value, the market for the redeemable warrants may be limited if there is no registration statement in effect covering theshares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the redeemable warrants or the prospectus relating to the shares of common stock issuable upon the exerciseof the redeemable warrants is not current and the redeemable warrants may expire worthless. If you are unable to exercise or sell your redeemable warrants, you willhave paid the full unit price for only the shares of common stock underlying the units.22Table of ContentsHolders of warrants included in the placement units may exercise these warrants even if an effective registration statement and a prospectus is not in place,which means they may be able to exercise such warrants while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.Unlike the warrants underlying the units issued in connection with our IPO, the warrants included in the placement units will not be restricted from being exercisedin the absence of a registration statement under the Securities Act in effect covering the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the such warrantsand a current prospectus relating to shares of common stock. Therefore, the holders thereof will be able to exercise such warrants regardless of whether the issuanceof the underlying shares of common stock is registered under the Securities Act, while public warrants might not be exercisable and may expire worthless.We are a “foreign private issuer” and have disclosure obligations that are different than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. Therefore, you should notexpect to receive the same information about us as a U.S. domestic reporting company may provide. Furthermore, if we or lose our status as a foreign privateissuer, we would be required to fully comply with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers and incur significantoperational, administrative, legal, and accounting costs that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer.We are a foreign private issuer. As a result, we are not subject to certain of the requirements imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the SEC. For example, we arenot required by the SEC or the federal securities laws to issue quarterly reports or file proxy statements with the SEC. We are also allowed to file our annual reportwith the SEC within four months of our fiscal year end. We are also not required to disclose certain detailed information regarding executive compensation that isrequired from U.S. domestic issuers. Further, our directors and executive officers are not required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Securities Act. Asa foreign private issuer, we are also exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups ofinvestors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. We are, however, still subject to the antifraud and antimanipulation rules ofthe SEC, such as Rule 10b5. Since many of the disclosure obligations required of us as a foreign private issuer are different than those required by U.S. domesticreporting companies, our shareholders should not expect to receive all of the same types of information about us and at the same time as information is receivedfrom, or provided by, U.S. domestic reporting companies. We are liable for violations of the rules and regulations of the SEC, which do apply to us as a foreignprivate issuer. Violations of these rules could affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain NASDAQ corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. Thismay afford less protection to holders of our securities.We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. As a foreign private issuer,we are permitted to follow the governance practices of our home country, the Republic of the Marshall Islands in lieu of certain corporate governance requirementsof Nasdaq. As result, the standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not requiredto:●have a compensation committee and a nominating committee to be comprised solely of “independent directors; and●hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the Company’s fiscal yearend.As a result, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.Future sales or perceived sales of our shares of common stock could depress our stock price.As of the date of this report, we have 2,591,299 shares of common stock outstanding. Many of these shares will become eligible for sale in the public market, subjectto limitations imposed by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. If the holders of these shares were to attempt to sell a substantial amount of their holdings at once, themarket price of our common stock could decline. Moreover, the perceived risk of this potential dilution could cause shareholders to attempt to sell their shares andinvestors to short the common stock, a practice in which an investor sells shares that he or she does not own at prevailing market prices, hoping to purchase shareslater at a lower price to cover the sale. As each of these events would cause the number of shares of our common stock being offered for sale to increase, ourcommon stock market price would likely further decline. All of these events could combine to make it very difficult for us to sell equity or equityrelated securities inthe future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.23Table of ContentsHolders of our securities may face difficulties in protecting their interests because we are incorporated under the Republic of the Marshall Islands law.We are a company incorporated under the laws of the Marshall Islands, and almost all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, majority of ourdirectors and officers, and their assets, are located outside of the United States. As a result, you may have difficulty serving legal process within the United Statesupon us or any of these persons. You may also have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside the United States, judgments you may obtain in U.S. courts against usor these persons in any action, including actions based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal or state securities laws. You may also have difficultybringing an original action in the appropriate court of the Marshall Islands to enforce liabilities against us or any person based upon the U.S. federal securities laws.Provisions of our articles of incorporation may impede a takeover or make it more difficult for shareholders to change the direction or management of theCompany, which could reduce shareholders’ opportunity to influence management of the Company.Our articles of incorporation permit our board of directors to issue up to five million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 from time to time, with suchrights and preferences as they consider appropriate. These terms may include voting rights including the right to vote as a series on particular matters, preferencesas to dividends and liquidation, conversion rights and redemption rights provisions. The issuance of any preferred stock could reduce the value of our commonstock. In addition, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell assets to, a third party. Theability of the board of directors to issue preferred stock could make it more difficult, delay, discourage, prevent or make it more costly to acquire or effect a changeincontrol, which in turn could prevent shareholders from recognizing a gain in the event that a favorable offer is extended and could materially and negatively affectthe market price of our common stock.ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANYA.History and Development of the CompanyWe are a Republic of the Marshall Islands Company incorporated under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BDA”) on January 26, 2012. We wereoriginally organized under the name “Aquasition Corp.” for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, orsimilar acquisition transaction, one or more operating businesses or assets. The address of the Company’s principal executive office is Xingfengge Building,Baogaiyupu Industrial Park, Shishi City, Fujian Province of china.On March 24, 2014, we entered into a share exchange agreement and plan of liquidation (the “Exchange Agreement”), with KBS International, Hongri International, athen wholly owned subsidiary of KBS International and Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, each an individual and shareholder of KBS International (each, a“Principal Stockholder”). The Exchange Agreement was subsequently amended on June 21, 2014. The transactions contemplated in the Exchange Agreement (the“Share Exchange”) were closed on August 1, 2014. At the closing, we acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interest in Hongri International from KBSInternational. In exchange, we issued an aggregate of 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company to KBS International. In addition, on July 29, 2014, wecompleted a tender offer related to the Share Exchange and redeemed the 332,116 shares of common stock validly tendered and not withdrawn. Pursuant to theExchange Agreement, KBS International was liquidated and dissolved in August 2014 and the 1,530,497 shares of common stock of the Company were distributed toeach shareholder of KBS International according to their respective ownership of KBS International. As a result, following the consummation of the Share Exchange,we had a total of 1,694,489 shares of common stock outstanding.24Table of ContentsOn October 31, 2014, we held a special shareholder meeting and amended our Articles of Incorporation to change our name to KBS Fashion Group Limited.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.On March 29, 2016, we granted an aggregate of 73,334 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their past services in 2015 and future services to be provided in 2016.On July 10, 2017, we granted an aggregate of 215,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company as compensationsfor their services.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to certain executive officers and directors of the Company ascompensations for their services.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 registered shares of common stock pursuant to our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to our executive officers,directors and certain employees as compensations for their services.On March 29, 2019, our board of directors approved the issuance of 15,000 shares of common stock to our Investor Relationship firm as compensation for theirservices. The issuance of the shares was made in reliance on the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), for theoffer and sale of securities not involving a public offering, and Regulation S promulgated thereunder. None of the shares have been registered under the Act andneither may be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.25Table of ContentsCorporate StructureAll of our business operations are conducted through our PRC subsidiaries. The chart below presents our corporate structure as of the date of this report. The Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regardingissuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.Our web site address is http://www.kbsfashion.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of thisAnnual Report.Principal Capital Expenditures and DivestituresFor the year ended December 31, 2018, our total capital expenditures and divestitures were $nil. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, our total capitalexpenditures and divestitures were $849,199 and $45,445, respectively. Such expenditures were primarily used construction of production facility and purchasing fireprotection facility. Our operating cash flow mainly funded these capital expenditures.B.Business OverviewWe are a leading casual menswear company in China with a demonstrated track record of designing, marketing, and selling our own line of fashion menswear. Ourproducts include men’s apparel, footwear and accessories, primarily targeting urban males between the ages of 20 and 40 in the Tier II and Tier III cities in China.Tier II cities generally refer to major cities located in each province of China other than the capital city of such province. Tier III cities generally refer to countylevelcities in China. Tier III cities that we focus on are the national top 100 county cities identified by the State Statistics Bureau of China each year. These cities arecharacterized by higher GDP, higher disposable income, better education and better infrastructure as compared with other countylevel cities.26Table of ContentsOur apparel products include outerwear, knitwear, denim, tops, bottoms, accessories and footwear. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products,each year with a different theme to highlight the current trends in menswear for the season.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by the company and 40 franchised stores operated by 14 third party distributors or their subdistributors. The number of stores has grown from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017and 2016, sales through our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues respectively, and sales through distributors and whole sellersaccounted for 73%, 66.5% and 78% of our revenues, respectively. Total revenue from corporate stores sales for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $7.0million for 2017 and $5.53 million for 2016.From 2009 through 2018, total net sales decreased from $28.1 million to $18.53 million while the net profit decreased from $9.0 million to a net loss of $8 million.Our Competitive StrengthsWe believe that the following competitive strengths enable us to compete effectively in and capitalize on the growing casual menswear industry in China.●There is a sizable market for our products. We believe that we have a sizeable potential market. Our target customers are male middleclass consumers inthe 2040 age range. According to the national census in 2018, the population in China between 1659 yearsold was approximately 900 million. Our targetgroup falls into this category and is estimated to be more than 200 million people. As a result of the growing affluence in the PRC and increased purchasingpower of the PRC population, we believe that PRC consumers are becoming more willing and able to purchase casual menswear. In addition, we believe thatthe purchasing decision of PRC consumers is becoming more predicated upon brand image, product design and style, rather than just price considerations.With rising affluence and improvement in lifestyle, we also believe the overall Chinese population is generally growing more brand name conscious andstyle oriented and has shown a propensity for increased spending on casual menswear.●We have a strong focus on design and product development. We believe that our inhouse design and product development capabilities allow us to createunique products that appeal to our customers. We have established a strong inhouse design and product development team of 20 employees as of April26, 2019. Our team identifies new fashion trends by attending fashion shows and exhibitions as well as by drawing from creative ideas in magazines andother media. Each spring and fall, we carefully plan and create a new product line for our fall/winter and spring/summer collections of 727 SKU thatencompasses our full range of product offerings, including outerwear, tops, bottoms and accessories. We introduce new design elements into our productlines each season. With our highly skilled and creative team of designers, we have extensive experience in creating unique designs to meet the preferencesand needs of our target customer base.●Our trademarked brand has earned a following in China. Our brand was developed in 2006. Our marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design andmade for Chinese.” Our customers are middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range. We believe that their products’ concept, marketing, design andpackaging fully match with the prowestern attitude and life styles of their target customers. We believe the KBS brand is essential to our success topenetrate to the casual menswear market in China.●We have an extensive and wellmanaged nationwide distribution network. We have an extensive distribution network throughout China. As of December31, 2018, we had 1 KBS branded corporate stores and 32 franchised stores across 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. TheKBS branded corporate stores are required to sell only our products. We have been building up our selected distributor network since 2007. As ofDecember 31, 2018, we had 11 distributors operating 32 franchised stores. All of our distributors have been working with us from 1 to 10 years. We selectour distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry, sales channels, business resources, brand promotioncapabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. Our distributors help us respond to changing consumer tastes in a timelymanner by providing regular feedback on our products at our semiannual sales fairs and frequent communications. The financial resources of ourdistributors allow us to expand our retail network with less working capital investment from us than would be required for establishing direct stores, as ourdistributors are responsible for the store rentals and cost of inventory in their stores. We sold a substantial amount of our products through ourdistributors, which have allowed us to distribute our products to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge ofour distributors and their sub distributors. We believe that our distribution network has enabled us to expand our business and increase our salesefficiently and with less operational risk. This model has also minimized our operational risk because we typically start production after we receive ordersfrom our distributors. We believe that using a distribution network to sell a substantial amount of our KBS products has enabled us to devote ourresources to our core competitive strengths of design, brand management and product development.27Table of Contents●We have an experienced management team. Our management team has extensive R&D, marketing and financial experience, led by our Chief ExecutiveOfficer, Mr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has over 27 years of experience in the apparel industry and also has developed a differentiated product by internationalcooperation with a Korean designer. After working in the garment industry for more than 16 years, Mr. Yan acquired and developed the KBS brand. Withhis strong understanding of the apparel industry, Mr. Yan has successfully established this brand name in the market. We are committed to attract andretain top management level executives who we believe are and will continue to be the driving force behind our product development and growth.Our Growth StrategyWe intend to further strengthen our market position in the casual menswear market in China by implementing the following strategies:●We plan to expand our online business and purchase one or more online sales platforms or online stores. Together with the change in consumer trends,online sales is now the most important sales channel in Chinese market and is becoming increasingly important globally. Sales from our stores anddistributors have been steadily decreasing, and we are now in the process of identifying the best possible ways to establish and expand our onlinebusiness. We plan to research and purchase one or more online sales platforms and online stores. We believe that KBS will have better opportunities toexpand by purchasing online sales platforms or online stores in year 2019, and the management of KBS will keep on exploring other areas and businessmodels, such as the use of artificial intelligence for brand promotion, learning customer preferences, and identifying shopping trends. We consider that ourpolicy to expand our outreach using new technologies will add significant shareholder value.●We plan to expand our OEM sales by attracting more reputable and longterm clients. We just had the renewal of a framework sales contract with twomajor current customers: Hangzhou Zhi Yin Apparel Clothes Co., Ltd and Hangzhou Yiyuan Apparel Co., Ltd. These two sales contracts are expected togenerate approximately RMB 28 million in total, of which RMB 20 million relates to Hangzhou Ziyin of new 450,000 orders and RMB 8 million relates toHangzhou Yiyuan of new 160,000 orders for this year. We are also expanding our OEM business and to get more clients, especially to focus on onlineproviders, as they have expanded their market share over the past years quickly together with the change in Chinese consumer’s preferences and occupy alarge market share. By the time when we start executing the orders, we expect that we can have sustainable and increasing business.●We plan to invest in a Greece Based Private Smart Tech Apparel Company. We signed a letter of intent with Tribe, one of the most innovative smartclothing technology companies internationally. If the transaction is consummated, we conceive that this investment will enhance and expand significantlyour client network and products offering. The smart clothing market is expected to surpass the 2 trillion US dollars in size in 2019 and we believe we are wellpositioned to capture a part of this market in the wider region.28Table of Contents●We plan to continue to raise the profile of the KBS brand through enhanced advertising and promotional activities. We believe that the strongassociation of KBS brand with our concept of “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese” has helped drive our brand positioning and customers’receptivity to our products. We intend to further build our brand and deliver a consistent brand image from product design to sales and marketing. We seekto promote and enhance our presence in China’s casual menswear market by continuing to adopt proactive marketing strategies and produce high quality,well designed casual menswear for our target market. In particular, we aim to increase awareness of our brand through: (1) multichannel advertisingstrategies through national television, fashion magazines, billboards and other media channels; (2) further assisting our distributors’ regional advertisingefforts; (3) distinctive store and product launch campaigns, including special events for new product launches and largescale grand opening events fornew stores, particularly new corporate stores; (4) update of the decoration and layout of a number of existing stores which have been in operation for yearsto improve the shopping experience; (5) participation in fashion shows; and (6) sponsorships of selected highimpact events. We believe that theseadvertising and promotional activities will help to further strengthen brand awareness in our target market and enhance customer loyalty.●We plan to expand and build upon our design and product development capabilities. We intend to further strengthen our design and productdevelopment capabilities by accelerating the commercialization of design concepts, expanding our product offerings and continuing to develop what webelieve is unique casual menswear. We plan to further invest in design and product development and expand our design and product development team byattracting talented designers, either domestic or international, and training young graduates from leading fashion design institutes. We believe thatcombining western fashion design experience with our local designer’s understanding of the China market and aesthetic will enable us to create fashionableyet popular casual menswear for consumers in China. We also intend to cooperate with our suppliers to develop new materials and fabrics which we believewill give customers a unique fashion product and create new market opportunities. We believe that our focus on designing unique and quality casualmenswear will allow us to maintain our competitiveness and help to enhance our sales and overall profitability.●We plan to expand our production capacity to expand and diversify our product offerings. Our production facility is located in Taihu City, AnhuiProvince, China, consisting of total 110,557 square meters of land. Currently this facility has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per yearand can accommodate 5,000 workers. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famous sportswear producers, some successful onlinebrand stores and fulfill some overseas orders. The construction of our facility commenced in 2011 and takes place in four phases: Phase 1 consists of theconstruction of a 5story dormitory; Phase 2 is to add facilities with annual production capacity of five million pieces of clothes. We have completed theconstruction of facilities for Phase 1 and Phase 2 by the end of 2014. Although we have the designed capacity of 5 million pieces yearly, the facilitycurrently may only produce 2 million pieces per year. Phase 3 construction has been delayed because the local government needs additional time toconclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 canbe continued. Phase 4 will include production facilities with annual production capacity of 10 million pieces, an office building, staff quarters and livingfacilities. Upon completion, the new facility is expected to have a production capacity of 20 million pieces and accommodate 5,000 workers. Please see“Production” below for a more complete explanation of our plans for the expansion of our production capacity. We anticipate that the new productionfacility will allow us to further refine our existing product lines by offering more styles within our existing apparel and accessories categories and tointroduce additional, complementary apparel and accessories categories into our product line. We currently introduce 500 to 900 different styles ofproducts each year and intend to increase the number of our product offerings in the future.●We plan to expand our international market and attract more orders from overseas. Starting from year 2016, we have been awarded international OEMorders for producing clothes with overseas brands. Such orders are usually large and continuous. Due to the completion of phase 2 construction of ourAnhui factory, we have enough production capacity to take on large orders. The current utilization rate of the Anhui factory is still quite low and we expectto invest more in attracting more large orders from overseas.The KBS BrandWe are engaged in a highly competitive industry in which brand image and recognition is critical to attracting customers to purchase our products. We haveadopted KBS as a uniform brand name and image for all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. The KBS brand was created byMs. Qinghua Ye in 2006 and registered with the trademark administration authority in 2008. Subsequently, Ms. Ye assigned the KBS trademark to Hongri PRC in2008. In 2009, Hongri PRC transferred this trademark to France Cock, which then licensed such trademark back to Hongri PRC. Based on our sharp rise in revenuesince 2006, we believe that the KBS brand has gained a following in the casual menswear market in the cities where our products are sold.29Table of ContentsTo promote our brand, we have developed and implemented brand management policies in all of our corporate stores and franchised stores. Our brand managementpolicies set out detailed requirements for store decorations and display of products. This enables us to project a consistent brand image. In addition, each season,our design and product development team develops display concepts, including the presentation of our collections in the stores and the color schemes for thebackdrops. We also work closely with our distributors to supervise the daily operations of franchised stores through unscheduled visits to ensure that our brandmanagement policies are properly followed.We may suspend the supply of our products or terminate distribution agreements in the event that any of our distributors or their subdistributors consistently failsto comply with our brand management policies.Our ProductsOur apparel products include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, socks and caps. In 2018, thesuggested retail prices of our products ranged from RMB 15 to RMB1,599 (approximately $2 to $237) for our apparel products and RMB178 to RMB1599(approximately $26 to $236) for our accessory products. Since 2006, we have launched 4,056 collections of new products, each year with a different theme tohighlight the current trends in menswear for the season.Our DesignWe believe one of our key strengths is our internal design and product development team, which designs products that reinforce our brand image. Major parts ofour products are designed by our internal design and product development team with the collaboration of Korean designers. As of December 31, 2018, our designand product development team consisted of 20 members, including one senior designer with over five years of working experience. Final design concepts areapproved by Mr. Keyan Yan, who has more than 27 years of experience in the industry. All of the other designers are graduates of professional design schools inChina. We believe that our design and product development team is innovative and passionate and that the individual experience of each of our designers helpsbring new and exciting products to our customers. Our design and product development team conceptualizes each season’s collections through an interactiveprocess, taking into account our brand strategy, product image and market feedback, drawing inspirations from domestic and international fashion trends andcollaborating with both our suppliers and distributors to finetune our designs. In particular, we collaborate with our suppliers to develop a variety of materials andfabrics for our products. We also involve distributors in our product selection process to take advantage of their market intelligence, which helps us to adapt toconstantly changing customer preferences in local markets. Our designers also attend various domestic and international fashion shows to keep abreast of the latestfashion trends.Starting from year 2015, design of our products comes from three channels. In addition to designing products by our inhouse staff, we outsource to certainreputable designers. From time to time, our ODMs also will directly sell their designed products to us.In a typical year, we design and make around 1,500 prototypes. After the initial product selection, internal cost analysis of approved prototypes and final selectionby distributors at the sales fairs, we eventually select approximately 750 designs for mass production. Final design of all of our products will be approved by ourChairman, Mr. Yan.Our Distribution NetworkWe have established a nationwide distribution network consisting of corporate stores and franchised stores covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrallyadministered municipalities.Corporate StoresAs of December 31, 2018, we owned and operated 1 corporate store with the floor area of approximately 120 square meters. As part of our corporate strategy, weclosed 17 corporate stores in last two years because of the low profitability of certain corporate stores. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, salesthrough our corporate stores accounted for 13%, 29.4% and 13% of our total revenues, respectively.30Table of ContentsWe directly own and operate our corporate store. This direct control enables us to have closer relationship with our ultimate customers and better understanding ofmarket trends and consumer preferences. Required capital for opening of each store depends on the location and area of the designated store. On average, therenovation cost per store is around $67,000 and the first year of rent payment is around $140,000 including premium paid to the previous owner. Rental period variesfrom two to five years. The total capital required to open a new store is generally around $207,000 per store. Once negotiation of rent is concluded, it takes one totwo months to open up a store. We usually open up stores right before a peak season, such as labor holiday in May, National holiday in October and Chinese NewYear in January/February. On average, new stores break even after one to three months of operation.We currently have one standard designs for our corporate stores located in Fujian Province. They were considered as flagship stores for our distributors’ reference.Because in year 2016 and 2015 we closed some corporate stores, the inventories of these stores were cleared through promotion exhibitions we held in the thirdtiercities at lower prices.For corporate stores opened in second tier cities, we normally have a higher aesthetic standard compared with corporate stores in third and fourth tier cities. Wegenerally locate our corporate stores at street level to access high pedestrian flow. Normally, we will sell inseason stock in our secondtier city corporate stores. Oursecondtier city corporate stores are also designed to showcase our marketability to potential distributors so as to induce them to join our distributorship. For storesopened in the third and fourth tier cities, we normally sell some of our slowmoving or offseason stock at a discount due to our awareness of the generally lesseramount of disposable income available to residents of these cities. During certain times of the year, such as the New Year, Chinese New Year and Labor Day, we willorganize promotional discounts together with our franchised stores to attract more customers and increase our stock turnover.Franchised StoresWe sell a substantial amount of our products to our franchised distributors who in turn sell them to retail customers through KBS branded retail stores operated byour distributors or their subdistributors. Since 2013, we have also been selling products to 3 provincial distributors without their own stores, or the nostoredistributors, on a trial basis. We do not have any ownership in, or controlling relationship with, these franchised stores, but we have entered into distributionagreements with them in the Company’s standard form, pursuant to which we require distributors and their subdistributors to sell only KBS products in thesestores. Distributors are responsible for selecting and ordering products from us and overseeing the sales in the stores operated by them and their subdistributors.By selling directly to our distributors, we can recognize revenues upon delivery to our distributors and delegate the distribution responsibilities to our distributors.This allows us to distribute our merchandise to a wide geographic area and penetrate markets by leveraging the local market knowledge of our distributors and theirsubdistributors. This also minimizes our inventory and sales risks while allowing us to allocate our resources to our core competitive strengths of design, brandmanagement and product development. We believe that our cooperation with distributors has enabled us to expand our business and accelerate our sales growth atmuch lower costs and operational risk and achieve brand recognition throughout China.We have been building up our selected franchised distributor network since 2007. As of December 31, 2018, we had 11 franchised distributors who operated 32 retailstores directly or through their subdistributors, all of which were standalone stores, which were typically located in commercial centers, including departmentstores or shopping malls, in their cities. All these distributors have worked with us for about 1 to 8 years. We have not encountered any material dispute or financialdifficulty with our key distributors. The average floor area of each retail store was approximately 78 square meters as of December 2018. The number of retail storeshas grown significantly in recent years from 7 as of December 31, 2006, with the aggregate floor area increasing from 560 square meters as of December 31, 2006 to2,635 square meters as of December 31, 2018. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, sales through our distributors accounted for 73%, 63.3% and78% of our revenues, respectively. 31Table of ContentsDuring each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we had no customer exceeding 10% of our net sales.Sales generated by our five bestperforming franchised distributors accounted for approximately 29.3%, 23.8% and 28.3% of our revenues in the years endedDecember 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Those top distributors have been with us since 2007 or 2008 and have grown organically with us. At the same time,we are exploring more distributors in other regions including relatively small distributors to grow with their businesses. Although we rely on distributors for thesales and marketing of our products, we believe our business is not substantially dependent on any individual distributor.We are highly selective in appointing distributors. We select our distributors based on a number of criteria, including experience in the menswear retail industry,sales channels, business resources, brand promotion capabilities and ability to help us implement our broader business strategies. We maintain good relationshipswith many regional or local distributor candidates which we identify through our internal research and external referrals but only appoint a handful of them tobecome our distributors. We evaluate the relevant experience of the distributor candidates in operating retail stores, their financial condition and sources of fundingrequired for the establishment of a regional distribution network and their ability to develop a network of retail stores in the designated distribution region of a givendistributor before we make any appointment.Once appointed, each distributor must enter into a distribution agreement with us. We do not own any interest in any of our distributors, their subdistributors orthe retail stores they operate. The distribution agreements we typically enter into with distributors do not allow us to be involved in the daily operating, financing orother activities of the distributors, except that distributors need to comply with our brand management policies and pricing and store management guidelines. Keyterms of our standard distribution agreement include:●Product Exclusivity. Our distributors are required to sell only our products at KBS branded retail outlets managed by them or authorized retailers.●Geographic Coverage. Distributors are granted exclusive rights to distribute our products (directly and indirectly through their subdistributors) in theretail stores within the specified geographic area with no overlapping of distributors within our distribution network. However, we retain the right to operatedirect stores anywhere regardless of whether we have appointed distributors there.●Duration. The distribution agreements generally have an initial term of one year and are renewable at our discretion after taking into account factors suchas compliance with our brand management policies and sales performance.●Distributor Pricing. Distributors agree to order our products at a discount from our suggested retail prices. The discounted wholesale prices todistributors are classified into the following three categories: provincial distributor at a discount of 35% of retail price, district distributor is 30% of retailprice and the wholesale distributor is 25% of retail price.●Minimum Purchase Requirement. Each of our distributors is customarily expected to purchase a minimum amount of our products for each trade fair heldbiannually according to their present and expected distribution network. The minimum is typically RMB800,000 (approximately $110,000) for each store.●Payment and Delivery. Normally, we expect distributors to pay us RMB0.5 million (approximately $74,000) to RMB1 million (approximately $148,148) as adeposit upon placing an order. Upon delivery of the orders, we will deduct amounts on deposit from the purchase price. For new and small districtdistributors, we normally require them to pay the balance before the delivery of its products. We may also accept payment on credit terms to the extentrequested by distributors experiencing working capital difficulties or encouraging them to order more. The amount and duration of credit granted to eachdistributor will depend on its financial position and creditworthiness. We handle the arrangements for delivery of our products, but the distributors arenormally expected to bear the related costs and expenses.32Table of Contents●Return of Products. We will only accept product returns from distributors for quality reasons and only if the distributors followed our standard proceduresin processing the returned products. So far, we have not experienced any product returns due to expressed quality reasons.●Retail Pricing. Other than at times when we launch promotional campaigns or adjust our strategies, distributors must adopt, and are required to procuretheir subdistributors to adopt, our suggested retail prices for products. Distributors must obtain our consent before launching any distributor specificspecial offers.●Brand Management. Distributors must comply with our brand management policies and store management guidelines. We may impose penalties, forfeitureof deposit, suspend supply of products and terminate the agreement in the event of any breach of such policies.●Termination. We may generally terminate the distribution agreements and seek indemnification in the event of breach by distributors. In the event of sometypes of breach, we may not terminate the agreement but have other remedies. For example, if a distributor fails to order all products provided for under thedistributorship agreement, we may instead impose forfeiture of deposit or withhold certain benefits.When opening new retail stores, our distributors conduct research on the market potential of the proposed retail sites, after which they will provide us with anapplication for opening a new retail store. In reviewing applications, we consider factors including the store location, store layout, available area, marketopportunities, competitors and estimated sales. We conduct selected onsite investigations to verify applications filed by our distributors. Our retail stores aregenerally located in convenient retail locations in their respective cities and thus benefit from high volumes of pedestrian traffic.Effective monitoring of distributors and their retail stores is critical to our success. We have a team in our marketing, sales and distribution department to monitorour distributors’ and their subdistributors’ performance, who conduct onsite inspections of selected retail stores each quarter without prior notice to ensurecompliance with our store management guidelines. According to the results of our inspections, we, from time to time, make suggestions to our distributors withrespect to the opening or closure of their retail stores. Distributors also need to submit to us their annual/ semiannual plans to estimate their orders for the nextseason and their plan to improve the performance of existing retail stores or expand by opening new retail stores. This reporting system enables us to access uptodate sales projections of our distributors and their subdistributors, which reflects the overall level of retail sales of our products. It also provides us with theexpansion plan of each distributor which helps us prepare our overall development plan in a more accurate manner.We invite our distributors, as well as a select number of their subdistributors and retail store managers, to attend our sales fairs, which are held twice a year. Duringthe sales fairs, we discuss with our distributors and their subdistributors the upcoming product line. Apart from participating in two sales fairs each year, ourdistributors visit us from time to time and contact us as necessary, which allows us to have access to updated market information. We also provide training fordistributors and their subdistributors in the areas of sales techniques, customer service and product knowledge, typically prior to the launch of our new collectionseach year. We believe that these investments help to improve the operations of the sales network and provide additional valueadded services to retain ourdistributors and their subdistributors.The following table lists by region the number of retail stores operated by distributors and subdistributors as of December 31, 2018:LocationAs ofDecember 31,2018Fujian6Guangdong2Guangxi3Jiangsu4Anhui2Chongqing4Tianjin3Hebei4Sichuan4Total3233Table of ContentsPricing PolicyWe sell our products to our distributors at uniform discounts from our suggested retail prices. We have a suggested retail price policy that applies to all our storesto help maintain brand image, ensure consistent pricing levels from region to region and prevent price competition among our distributors. In determining our pricingstrategies, we take into account market supply and demand, production cost and the prices of our competitors’ similar products. Our sales representatives collectand record the retail prices of our products sold by our retailers. We analyze the information collected and engage in discussions with our distributors to ensure thatthey follow our pricing policy. See “Franchised Stores” above.ProductionOriginally located in Shishi City in Fujian Province and started production in 2006, our production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China.The facility currently has a production capacity of 2 million pieces of clothes per year. This production facility mainly produces OEM products for famoussportswear producers. Our production facility was operating at full capacity between 2009 and 2012. In 2014, we produced about 0.39 million units at the operatingcapacity of 19.5%; while in 2015,we produced about 0.48 million units at the operating capacity of 24%. In 2016, we produced about 0.54 million units at the operatingcapacity of 27%.In 2017 and 2018, we produced about 0.30 million and 0.49 million units at the operating capacity of 15% and 25%. Since 2011, we have been negotiating with the local government to acquire land use rights for our current facility consisting of 110,557 square meters. We obtaineda portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square meters and 2,440 square meters in March 2012 and May 2012, respectively, and have finishedthe construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factoryin year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with localresidents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. While we cannot guaranteewhen and whether the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of land will be eventually completed, we believe we will be in a better position toschedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Once completed, our total production capacity of the facility isexpected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.All of the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers bear the brand name KBS. As of December 31, 2018, we had 3 ODM contractmanufacturers and 3 OEM contract manufacturers. In the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had 3 and 6 OEM contract manufacturers, respectively. Oursourcing strategy is based upon the quality of fabrics and workmanship that our customers expect from the KBS brand. The costs of our outsourced productionamounted to approximately $8.38 million, $10.94 million and$26.1 million for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, accounting forapproximately 27.3%, 31% and 66.8% of our total cost of sales in the respective periods.As of December 31, 2018, our principal ODM and OEM contract suppliers included the following:No.1Bai Tian Ni (Fujian) Clothing fabric Co. Ltd2Shishi Hua Lai Shi Clothing Co. Ltd3Jinjiang City Hongtawanheng trading Co. Ltd4Fujian Gumaite Clothing Technology Co. Ltd5Shishi Rongpeng Clothing Co. Ltd6Hubei Mingyuan Clothing Co. LtdWe are not materially reliant on any single ODM or OEM contract supplier.34Table of ContentsInventory ManagementWe recognize that controlling the level of inventory is important to our overall operational efficiency and cost control. Based on the purchase orders our distributorsand the department store chains place at our biannual sales fairs, we are able to anticipate the demand for our products in advance and plan ahead for our ownmanufacturing and the orders we will be required to place with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We generally plan purchases of raw materials and placemanufacturing orders with our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers immediately after each of our two seasonal sales fairs, usually in May for our autumn andwinter products and in October for our spring and summer products, where we confirm sales orders with our distributors and department store chains. This enablesus and our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to have sufficient time, ranging from two to eight weeks, to produce the products and provide our productssuitable for a specific season to our distributors and department store chains on a justintime basis so as to minimize our inventory levels. The alternative way tocontrol cost is when if we have chance to buy materials which the price is much lower than market price, we will buy it in advance and give to OEM contractmanufactures use our material to produce.Quality ControlProduct quality control is a critical aspect of our business. Our dedicated quality control team performs various quality inspection and testing procedures, includingrandom sample testing at different stages of our production process, to ensure that our products meet or exceed the expectations of our consumers. We also performroutine product inspections on every batch of our products and sample testing to ensure consistent quality of our products, including semifinished and finishedproducts.We have implemented a centralized system for procurement and inspection of raw materials and ancillary components to help ensure a stable and high qualitysupply. Those materials and components that fail to meet our tests may be returned to the suppliers for replacement. Our quality control team also carries out qualitycontrol procedures on the products produced by our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We conduct onsite inspections of our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers before we enter into business relationships with them. We also send our inhouse quality control staff onsite to our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers to monitor the entire production process. The initial product inspections are performed onsite by our staff before these products are shipped to ourheadquarters for further inspection and storage in our warehouse. We also provide technical training to ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to assist them withquality control of the production processes and inspect preproduction samples and finished products from ODM and OEM contract manufacturers. We have notencountered any material disruptions to our business as a result of the failure of any of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to meet our quality standards.In order to further improve the quality of our products and shorten our delivery cycle, we intend to increase our control over the manufacturing process andproduction cycle of our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers, primarily by requiring our ODM and OEM contract manufacturers to implement stricter and morecomprehensive quality control procedures, which cover each stage of the production process, from raw material selection and procurement to finished productspackaging and delivery. We also intend to apply more stringent standards for inspecting products manufactured for us by our ODM and OEM contractmanufacturers.Marketing and AdvertisingWe have conducted multichannel marketing campaigns to advertise our products to our target customers through advertising in newspapers, magazines, theInternet, and billboards, and organizing regular and frequent instore marketing activities and road shows.We have implemented strict requirements on our distributors with respect to the display and promotion of our products to ensure consistent branding and enhancemarketing results. Our distributors are required to ensure that our marketing strategies are implemented at the retail outlets managed or authorized by them, includingdisplaying our products according to our specifications and using our billboard advertisements. We also assign sales representatives to monitor the instoredisplays of our products at various retail outlets on a regular basis to help ensure that our retailers have followed our product display policies.In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 our total advertising and promotional expenses amounted to approximately $1.21 million, $1.59 million and $1.55million, respectively, which accounted for approximately 6.6%, 7.5% and 3.8% of our revenues in the respective periods.35Table of ContentsCompetitionThe menswear industry in China is a fragmented industry. Competition mainly comes from local market players such as Exceed, Xiniya, Zuoan and Cabbeen. Webelieves that we differentiate ourselves by providing more fashionable, youngerlooking and leisure products, and competitive pricing without giving up the casualfeel of our products.We compete primarily on the basis of product design, brand recognition, operational efficiency and a low cost structure. Some of our domestic competitors have astronger customer base, greater resources and more industry expertise than us. However, we believe that we can continue to successfully compete with our localcompetitors due to our unique product designs.Intellectual PropertyWe currently have the licenses to use two registered trademarks in the PRC.The registered trademarks on which we have licenses are the following:TrademarkRegistration No.Valid TermKBS4342760Jan 1, 2019 August 28, 2028Ka bi sports5462336March 14, 2010 March 12,2020We believe that these trademarks provide significant value as they are important for marketing and building brand recognition. We are not aware of any third partycurrently using trademarks similar to our trademarks in the PRC on the same products.InsuranceWe do not have any business liability, interruption or litigation insurance coverage for our operations in China. Insurance companies in China offer limited businessinsurance products. While business interruption insurance is available to a limited extent in China, we have determined that the risks of interruption, cost of suchinsurance and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance.Therefore, we are subject to business and product liability exposure. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—We have limited insurance coverage inChina and may not be able to recover insurance proceeds if we experience uninsured losses.”RegulationBecause our primary operating subsidiaries are located in China, we are subject to China’s national and local laws detailed below. We believe that we are in materialcompliance with all registrations and requirements for the issuance and maintenance of all licenses required by the governing bodies and that all license fees andfilings are current. This section summarizes the major PRC regulations relating to our business.Regulations Relating to Foreign InvestmentInvestment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are mainly governed by the Guidance Catalog of Industries for Foreign Investment (2017 revision), or theCatalog, which was promulgated jointly by MOFCOM and the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, on June 28, 2017 and entered into forceon July 28, 2017. The Catalog divides industries into four categories in terms of foreign investment, which are “encouraged,” “restricted,” and “prohibited,” and allindustries that are not listed under one of these categories are deemed to be “permitted.” Establishment of wholly foreignowned enterprises is generally allowed inencouraged and permitted industries. Some restricted industries are limited to equity or contractual joint ventures, while in some cases Chinese partners are requiredto hold the majority interests in such joint ventures. In addition, foreign investment in restricted category projects is subject to government approvals. Foreigninvestors are not allowed to invest in industries in the prohibited category. Industries not listed in the Catalogue are generally open to foreign investment unlessspecifically restricted by other PRC regulations.36Table of ContentsIn June 2018, MOFCOM and NDRC promulgated the Special Management Measures (Negative List) for the Access of Foreign Investment, or the Negative List,effective July 2018. The Negative List expands the scope of permitted industries by foreign investment by reducing the number of industries that fall within theNegative List where restrictions on the shareholding percentage or requirements on the composition of board or senior management still exists. Foreign investmentin valueadded telecommunications services (except for ecommerce) falls within the Negative List.In October 2016, MOFCOM issued the Interim Measures for Recordfiling Administration of the Establishment and Change of Foreigninvested Enterprises, or FIERecordfiling Interim Measures, most recently amended in July 2017. Pursuant to FIE Recordfiling Interim Measures, the establishment and change of foreigninvested enterprises are subject to recordfiling procedures, instead of prior approval requirements, provided that such establishment or change does not involvespecial entry administration measures. If the establishment or change of foreigninvested enterprises matters involve the special entry administration measures, theapproval of the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterparts is still required.Regulations Relating to Product QualityThe principal legal provisions governing product liability are set forth in the PRC Product Quality Law, which was promulgated in February 1993 by the SCNPC andamended in July 2000 and August 2009.The PRC Product Quality Law stipulates the responsibilities and obligations of product sellers and producers. Violations of the PRC Product Quality Law may resultin the imposition of fines. In addition, the seller or producer may be ordered to suspend its operations, and its business license may be revoked. There may also bePART IPART IIPART IIIcriminal liability in serious cases.According to the PRC Product Quality Law, consumers or other victims who suffer injury or property losses due to product defects may demand compensation fromthe manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the corresponding amount from the manufacturer if the manufactureris responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Relating to Consumer ProtectionThe principal legal provisions for the protection of consumer interests are set forth in the Law of the PRC on Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests, or theConsumer Protection Law, which was promulgated in October 1993 amended in October 2013. The Consumer Protection Law sets forth standards of behavior thatbusinesses must observe in their dealings with consumers.Violations of the Consumer Protection Law may result in the imposition of fines. In addition, the violating entity may be ordered to suspend its operations, and itsbusiness license may be revoked. There may also be criminal liability in serious cases.According to the Consumer Protection Law, if the legal rights and interests of a consumer are violated during the purchase or use of goods, the consumer may seekcompensation from the seller. If the manufacturer or an upstream distributor is responsible, after compensating the consumer, the seller may recover thecorresponding amount from the manufacturer or the upstream distributor. Consumers or other persons who suffer personal injury or property damages due todefects in products may seek compensation from the manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the correspondingamount from the manufacturer if the manufacturer is responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Related to TrademarksThe PRC Trademark Law, adopted in 1982 and revised in 2001 and 2013, protects the proprietary rights to registered trademarks. The Trademark Office under theState Administration of Industry and Commerce handles trademark registration and grants a term of ten years to registered trademarks and another ten years totrademarks as requested upon expiry of the prior term. Trademark license agreements and transfer agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record.37Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Environmental MattersOur facilities are subject to various governmental regulations related to environmental protection. We use a myriad of chemicals in our operations and produceemissions that could pose environmental risks. Our manufacturing facilities are subject to various pollution control regulations with respect to noise, water and airpollution and the disposal of waste and hazardous materials, including, China’s Environmental Protection Law, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Appraisingof Environment Impacts, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of AirPollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution, and China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of NoisePollution. We are subject to periodic inspections by local environmental protection authorities.We did not incur material costs in environmental compliance in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016. We believe we are in material compliance with the relevant PRCenvironmental laws and regulations. We are not currently subject to any pending actions alleging any violations of applicable PRC environmental laws.Regulations Related to EmploymentThe PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law require that employers must execute written employment contracts with fulltime employees. All employers mustcompensate their employees with wages equal to at least the local minimum wage standards. Violations of the PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law may resultin the imposition of fines and other administrative sanctions, and serious violations may constitute criminal offences.On December 28, 2012, the PRC Labor Contract Law was amended with effect on July 1, 2013 to impose more stringent requirements on labor dispatch. Under suchlaw, dispatched workers are entitled to pay equal to that of fulltime employees for equal work, but the number of dispatched workers that an employer hires may notexceed a certain percentage of its total number of employees as determined by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Additionally, dispatchedworkers are only permitted to engage in temporary, auxiliary or substitute work. According to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch promulgated by theMinistry of Human Resources and Social Security on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014, the number of dispatched workers hired by anemployer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees (including both directly hired employees and dispatched workers). The Interim Provisions onLabor Dispatch require employers not in compliance with the PRC Labor Contract Law in this regard to reduce the number of its dispatched workers to below 10% ofthe total number of its employees prior to March 1, 2016.Enterprises in China are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in certain employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pensionplan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a workrelated injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund,and contribute to the plans or funds in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of the employees as specified by thelocal government from time to time at locations where they operate their businesses or where they are located. The enterprise may be ordered to pay the full amountwithin a deadline if it fails to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans and may be subject to fines and other administrative sanctions.Regulations Relating to Foreign ExchangeRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued by theState Administration of Foreign Exchange and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade andservice payments, payment of interest and dividends can be made without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange by following theappropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRCfor the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange or its local office.38Table of ContentsOn February 13, 2015, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency ManagementPolicy on Direct Investment, effective from June 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign directinvestment and overseas direct investment from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for thepurpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed with qualified banks, which, under the supervision of the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to this Circular, a foreigninvested enterprise may,according to its actual business needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchangebureau has confirmed monetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the timebeing, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shalltruthfully use its capital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equityinvestment with the amount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open acorresponding Account for Foreign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of theState Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts waspromulgated and became effective on June 9, 2016. According to this Circular, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreigncurrency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionary basis. This Circular provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items(including but not limited to foreign currency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. ThisCircular reiterates the principle that Renminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposesbeyond its business scope and may not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guaranteethe principal within the PRC unless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless itis within the business scope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration andOptimizing Genuineness and Compliance Verification, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits fromdomestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution,original copies of tax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses beforeremitting any profits. Moreover, pursuant to this Circular, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provideboard resolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and RoundtripInvestment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Issues Concerning the Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore SpecialPurpose Vehicles, to regulate foreign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investmentand financing or conduct round trip investment in China. Circular 37 defines a “special purpose vehicle” as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly orindirectly, by PRC residents or entities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets orinterests, while “round trip investment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through special purpose vehicles, namely, establishingforeigninvested enterprises to obtain the ownership, control rights and management rights. Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into a specialpurpose vehicle, PRC residents or entities be required to complete foreign exchange registration with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranch. In addition, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the ForeignExchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015, requiring PRC residents or entities toregister with qualified banks rather than the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.39Table of ContentsPRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to special purpose vehicles but had not obtained registration asrequired before the implementation of the Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the special purpose vehicles with qualified banks. Anamendment to the registration is required if there is a material change with respect to the special purpose vehicle registered, such as any change of basic information(including change of the PRC residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers ordivisions. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclosecontrollers of the foreigninvested enterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchangeactivities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, sharetransfer or liquidation, to its offshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities topenalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating toinvestments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our abilityto inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic IndividualsParticipating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issuedby the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in March 2007. Pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residentsparticipating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted company are required to register with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents must conduct the registration and other procedures withrespect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of the overseas publicly listed company or another qualifiedinstitution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevant registration should there be any material change to thestock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of the PRC residents who have the right to exercise the employeestock options, apply to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreign currencies in connectionwith the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the sale of shares under thestock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRC opened by the PRCagents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.We have adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we will have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We haveadvised the recipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.However, we cannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock IncentivePlan Notice. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plansmay subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016, respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014, respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our Marshall Islands holding company may rely on dividend paymentsfrom Hongri PRC, which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on theability of our other PRC subsidiaries to make remittance to Hongri PRC and on the ability of Hongri PRC to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cashgenerated by the operations of those entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We rely to a significant extent on dividends and otherdistributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiary to fund offshore cash and financing requirements.”40Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Overseas ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the StateOwned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective onSeptember 8, 2006 and was amended on June 22, 2009. These regulations, among other things, require that (i) PRC entities or individuals obtain approval from theMinistry of Commerce before they establish or control a special purpose vehicle overseas, provided that they intend to use the special purpose vehicle to acquiretheir equity interests in a PRC company at the consideration of newly issued share of the special purpose vehicle, or Share Swap, and list their equity interests in thePRC company overseas by listing the special purpose vehicle in an overseas market; (ii) the special purpose vehicle obtains approval from the Ministry ofCommerce before it acquires the equity interests held by the PRC entities or PRC individual in the PRC company by Share Swap; and (iii) the special purpose vehicleobtains China Securities Regulatory Commission approval before it lists overseas. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The approval ofthe China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with this offering under a PRC regulation. The regulation also establishes more complexprocedures for acquisitions conducted by foreign investors that could make it more difficult for us to grow through acquisitions.”Regulations Relating to TaxationDividend Withholding TaxIn March 2007, the National People’s Congress enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law which became effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on February 24,2017. According to Enterprise Income Tax Law, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a foreigninvested enterprise in China to its foreignenterprise investors are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that providesfor a preferential withholding arrangement. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Negotiated Reduction of Dividends and Interest Rates,issued on January 29, 2008 and supplemented and revised on February 29, 2008, and the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, which became effective onDecember 8, 2006 and applicable to income derived in any year of assessment commencing on or after April 1, 2007 in Hong Kong and in any year commencing on orafter January 1, 2007 in the PRC, such withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong enterprise is deemed the beneficial owner of any dividend paid by aPRC subsidiary by PRC tax authorities and holds at least 25% of the equity interest in that particular PRC subsidiary at all times within the 12month periodimmediately prior to the distribution of the dividends. Furthermore, pursuant to the Announcement on Issues concerning “Beneficial Owners” in Tax Treaties issuedon February 3, 2018 by the State Administration of Taxation, when determining the status of “beneficial owners,” a comprehensive analysis may be conductedthrough materials such as articles of association, financial statements, records of capital flows, minutes of board of directors, resolutions of board of directors,allocation of manpower and material resources, the relevant expenses, functions and risk assumption, loan contracts, royalty contracts or transfer contracts, patentregistration certificates and copyright certificates, etc. However, even if an applicant has the status as a “beneficiary owner,” if the competent tax authority findsnecessity to apply the principal purpose test clause in the tax treaties or the general antitax avoidance rules stipulated in domestic tax laws, the general antitaxavoidance provisions shall apply.Enterprise Income TaxIn December 2007, the State Council promulgated the Implementing Rules of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008. TheEnterprise Income Tax Law and its relevant implementing rules (i) impose a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate, which is applicable to both foreigninvestedenterprises and domestic enterprises (ii) permits companies to continue to enjoy their existing tax incentives, subject to certain transitional phaseout rules and(iii) introduces new tax incentives, subject to various qualification criteria.41Table of ContentsThe Enterprise Income Tax Law also provides that enterprises organized under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies”located within China may be considered PRC resident enterprises and therefore be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwideincome. The implementing rules further define the term “de facto management body” as the management body that exercises substantial and overall managementand control over the production and operations, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. If an enterprise organized under the laws of jurisdictionoutside China is considered a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, itwould be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. Second, a 10% withholding tax would be imposed on dividends itpays to its nonPRC enterprise shareholders and with respect to gains derived by its nonPRC enterprise shareholders from transfer of its shares.On October 17, 2017, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Bulletin on Issues Concerning the Withholding of NonPRC Resident Enterprise Income Tax atSource, or Bulletin 37, which replaced the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by NonPRC Resident Enterprisesissued by the State Administration of Taxation on December 10, 2009, and partially replaced and supplemented rules under the Bulletin on Issues of EnterpriseIncome Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by NonPRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7, issued by the State Administration of Taxation on February 3, 2015.Under Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by nonPRC resident enterprises may be recharacterizedand treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose ofavoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. In respect of anindirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the relevant gain is to be regarded as effectively connected with the PRC establishment and thereforeincluded in its enterprise income tax filing, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relatesto the immoveable properties in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not effectively connected to a PRC establishment of a nonresident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax at 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similararrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Pursuant to Bulletin 37, the withholding party shalldeclare and pay the withheld tax to the competent tax authority in the place where such withholding party is located within seven days from the date of occurrenceof the withholding obligation. Both Bulletin 37 and Bulletin 7 do not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange wheresuch shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We and our existingshareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a Chinese establishmentof a nonChinese company, or immovable properties located in China owned by nonChinese companies.”ValueAdded TaxIn November 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Pilot Plan for Imposition of ValueAdded Tax to ReplaceBusiness Tax. In March 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation further promulgated the Notice on Fully Promoting the Pilot Plan forReplacing Business Tax by ValueAdded Tax. Pursuant to this Pilot Plan and the relevant notice, value added tax at a rate of 6% is generally imposed, on anationwide basis, on the revenue generated from the provision of service in lieu of business tax in the modern service industries. Value added tax of a rate of 6%applies to revenue derived from the provision of some modern services. Unlike business tax, a taxpayer is allowed to offset the qualified input value added tax paidon taxable purchases against the output value added tax chargeable on the modern services provided.C.Organizational StructureSee “—A. History and Development of the Company—Corporate Structure” above for details of our current organizational structure.42Table of ContentsD.Property, Plants and EquipmentOur company has established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31,2018, this network was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, our company’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The facilityhas a production capacity of 2 million pieces per year and we move in upon the completion of phase 2 in year 2015. By relocating from the coastal area to AnhuiProvince, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a more stable labor supply. We manufacture a variety of menswear products, including, jeans,shirts, suits and socks. Because of its variety and complexity in the production process, these products require special sewing machines and workmanship, whichwe currently do not possess. As a result, the Company is not yet able to produce KBS branded products and has outsourced its KBS branded productmanufacturing to other established ODM and OEM manufacturers in the Fujian and Zhejiang regions. The Company has completed the second phase constructionof its new factory at the end of 2014. The second phase has an annual production capacity of 5 million pieces subject to our purchasing additional equipment.Currently Anhui factory mainly produces OEM orders and some international orders.Our production facility consists of total 110,557 square meters of land. We obtained a portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square metersand 2,440 square meters in May 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildingsand offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need foradditional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of landhas been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Oncethe construction of the new production facilities is completed, our total production capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year fromthe current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.In 2016, we closed 1 corporate store and as of December 31, 2018, we leased the premises for our sole remaining corporate store. We have undertaken variousmeasures to verify the lessees’ rights to the property leased to us in respect of its stores. In China, all land is owned by the State or other governmental bodies, and“ownership” is generally evidenced by a land use rights certificate. We rent some stores that were located in rural areas where land use rights are held collectivelyby villages and records regarding the ownership of land use rights are frequently not kept. In these cases, the company has confirmed our ability to lease the storesthrough communications with village authorities, and has reviewed electricity and water bills to confirm utilities are being paid by the parties leasing the premises tous. Based on the results of these efforts, we believe the risk of third party claims against our leases of these stores is relatively small and the measures taken by ourcompany are sufficient to verify the land use rights for all of its stores.In addition, the property used as our head office and corporate store is leased from a related party, whose ownership of the property has been verified by ourcompany. We paid a total of RMB720,000, RMB 720,000, and RMB 720,000, as rental fees for the existing corporate stores during the fiscal years 2016, 2017 and 2018,respectively. The total area of these 2 corporate stores is 158 square meters. The sales of each store and its location are shown below:AreaSales in fiscalyear 2016(USD)Sales in fiscalyear 2017(USD)Sales in fiscalyear2018(USD)Shishi factory1,240,354.74772,299691,431Quanzhou Dayang (closed in 2016)470,280.90Total:1,710,635.64772,299691,43143Table of ContentsITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot required.ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSWe are engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of casual menswear in China, including apparel and accessories, which we market under the KBSbrand. The KBS brand was developed in 2006. Before 2012, we were engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of fashion sportswear in China. Sinceour products feature a unique and stylish design that is more fashionable than traditional sportswear, as well as quality fabrics and materials and the sportswearmarket was becoming more and more competitive, in late 2011 we turned our focus on casual menswear market which has higher profit margin. KBS’s apparelproducts include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, Jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, belts and caps. In 2016, the suggestedretail prices of KBS’s products ranged from RMB199 to RMB1,499 for its apparel products and RMB15 to RMB899 for its accessory products. KBS holds newproducts launch events twice every year, one in spring and the other in autumn. Since 2006, we have launched about 1,500,536 collections of new products eachyear with a different theme to highlight the current trends for the season. KBS’s marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese.” KBS’scustomers are male middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range, primarily located in tier two and tier three cities in China. The company has adopted “KBS” as auniform brand name, which stands for “Keep Best Style”, and KBS are designed by us for a uniform look and feel that fits our brand image, with instore displaysthat accentuate the quality and style of our products across all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. We believe that the KBSbrand has become a recognized brand name in the cities where their products are sold.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors. Thenumber of stores grew significantly from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006 to 31 corporate stores as of December 31, 2012 and 96franchised stores as of December 31, 2013, and decreased to 84 stores as of December 31, 2014. Because of the recent softening of economic growing in China andfierce competition from our competitors, online store sales of franchised stores and corporate stores went down in 2015 as compared with the previous year. In 2017and 2018, the distributors closed 15 and 8 franchised stores, respectively, and we closed 1 corporate store in year 2016. We generate more revenues from OEM in2018 and intend to generate more in OEM and target area from acquisitions.KBS also acts as an original design manufacturer, or ODM, upon request. Income from such services accounted for 14%, 7.3% and 9% of revenue for the yearsended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, KBS’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The company believesthat the shortage of labor and rising wage expectations in China, especially in the coastal area, could have a material impact on our operations as well as itssuppliers’ cost of manufacturing. By relocating from the coastal area to inland Anhui Province, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a morestable labor supply. Since the company’s original production team was not ready to produce the new style KBS products, KBS has outsourced its productmanufacturing to other established ODM manufacturers. As such, KBS’s own production facility in Taihu mainly takes OEM orders from other sportswearcompanies, like Xtep. Our production facility in Taihu, Anhui Province includes three parcels of land with a total area of 110,557 square meters. We have obtainedland use rights for two parcels of land with an area of 9,845 square meters in 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction ofthe adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire theland use right of the third parcel of land. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 can be continued. Once completed, our totalproduction capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year. We do not necessarilyrely on our own production facility to satisfy the demand of our products as we may outsource some or all of the production work to various ODM and OEMmanufacturers in China.44Table of ContentsA.Principal Factors Affecting Financial PerformanceOur operating results are primarily affected by the following factors:●Growth of China’s menswear industry. With approximately onefifth of the world’s population and a fastgrowing gross domestic product, Chinarepresents a significant growth opportunity for a wide variety of retail goods, including apparel. The enhanced living standards and increased disposableincome that has resulted from the vibrant economic growth has driven the rapid development of the men’s apparel market in China in recent years. China iscurrently one of the world’s largest men’s apparel markets. As a leading provider of casual menswear in China, we believe we are well positioned tocapitalize on the favorable economic, demographic and industry trends in this sector.●Brand recognition. We derive all of our revenues from sales of the KBS branded products in China, and our success depends on the market perceptionand acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture, lifestyle and images associated with this brand. Market acceptance of our brand may affect the sellingprices and market demand for our products, the profit margin of us can achieve, and our ability to grow.●Ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network. The ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in terms of floor area in our salesnetwork affects our results of operations in a given period. The franchised stores operated by our distributors have been and will continue to be the maincontributor to our revenue for the foreseeable future. Under the distribution business model, we sell directly to our distributors and recognize revenuesupon delivery of our products to them. Such distribution network has enabled us to accelerate sales growth at a much lower cost than opening direct storesand has limited our inventory and sales risks. Corporate stores operated by us, on the other hand, despite incurring more significant capital expenditures ascompared with franchised stores, allow us more control over our brand and the consumer’s shopping experience, which are important factors for the overallsuccess of our business. In addition, our corporate store sales generally have a higher gross profit margin than sales to distributors because we are able tosell the products at retail prices directly to the endconsumers and because we recognize expenses relating to our corporate stores as selling anddistribution expenses. Therefore, the ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network will affect our gross profit margin.●Product offering and pricing. Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define menswear trends as well as to anticipate, gauge andreact to changing consumer demands for menswear in a timely manner. Most of our products are subject to changing consumer preferences and fashiontrends that cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumer acceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, andour future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes.●Fluctuations in raw material supply and prices. The per unit cost of producing our products depends on the supply and price of raw materials,particularly fabrics such as cotton, wool and polyester, which have experienced volatility in past years. Increases in the price of raw materials wouldnegatively impact our gross margins if we are not able to offset such price increases through increases in our selling price or changes in product offeringsand mix.Financial Statement PresentationRevenue. During the periods covered by this section, we generated revenue from sales of our menswear products.45Table of ContentsCost of sales. During the periods covered by this section, our cost of sales primarily consisted of the costs of our outsourcing cost, raw materials, labor andoverhead. We did not have any inward or outward freight charges as these charges are borne by our distributors and suppliers.Gross profit and gross margin. For the periods covered by this section, our gross profit is equal to the difference between our net sales and cost of sales. Our grossmargin is equal to the gross profit divided by net sales. Our gross margin may not be comparable to those of other retail entities since some retail entities include allof their distribution network costs in cost of sales and others, like us, include these expenses in another statement of operations line item.Administrative expenses. For the periods covered by this section, general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to ourgeneral management, finance and administrative staff, professional advisor fees, audit fees and other expenses incurred in connection with general operations.Selling expenses. For the periods covered by this section, our selling and marketing expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to our sales andmarketing staff, store rent, business travel, coordination with distributor marketing and promotions, transportation costs and other sales related costs.Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, both in U.S. dollars and as apercentage of or revenue.Year endedDecember 31, 2018Year ended December 31, 2017Year ended December 31, 2016Amount% of SalesAmount% of SalesAmount% of SalesRevenue18,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales20,851,252112%35,274,352148%39,041,93295%Gross (loss)/profit2,316,13712%11,511,81648%2,158,2725%Operating expensesDistribution and selling expenses2,670,95514%3,265,38014%3,606,0109%Administrative expenses4,907,02026%4,879,39721%3,543,9939%Total operating expenses7,577,97541%8,144,77634%7,150,00317%Other income122,1391%461,5642%555,0511%Other gains and losses13,522,30073%122,2441%11,123,76727%Loss from operations23,294,273126%19,317,27281%15,560,44738%Finance costs96,4441%96,3850%71,7830%Change in fair value of warrant liabilities00%00%3,4090%Loss before tax23,390,717126%19,413,65782%15,628,82138%Income tax5,422,11929%4,598,06119%3,726,1339%Loss for the year17,968,59897%14,815,59662%11,902,68829%46Table of ContentsA breakdown of revenue, percentage of revenue and percentage of gross margin by segment for the respective periods is as follows:BybusinessDistribution networkCorporate storesOEMConsolidatedYear endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Sales toexternalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205% of Sales73%63%78%13%29%13%14%7%9%100%100%100%Segmentsgrossmargins2,245,9442,277,8586,623,6175,402,99414,291,6805,727,349845,700502,0071,262,0052,316,13611,511,8162,158,273Grossmarginrate17%15%21%227%205%104%33%29%36%12%48%5%Segment salesFor the year ended December 31, 2018, total revenue decreased by 22% from $23.8 million in 2017 to $18.5 million. Our total revenue of 2017 decreased by 33% from$41.2 million to $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company reports financial and operating results in three segments: distributor network,corporate stores and OEM.Distributor Network —Revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2018 decreased by 10% from $15 million in 2017 to $13 million primarily due to adecrease in sales volume. There was a decrease of revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2017 by 53% from $32.1 million in year 2016 primarily dueto a decrease in sales volume. The distributor segment accounted for 73% of the total revenue in 2018, compared to 63% and 78% during years 2017 and 2016,respectively.In year 2018, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network increased to 17% from 15% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price of newproducts. The sales went down in year 2018 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstockduring previous periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.47Table of ContentsIn year 2017, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network decreased to 15% from 21% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price, and thesales went down in year 2017 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstock duringprevious periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.The Company’s distributor network currently consists of 11 distributors in 12 provinces. Most of these distributors, either directly or through their subdistributors,operate KBSbranded stores. Some wholesale distributors sold the products to multibranded stores and online stores. As of December 31, 2018, distributorsoperated a total of 32 KBSbranded stores, primarily in second and third tier cities. KBS products distributed to the fourth and fifth tier cities are primarily sold inmultibranded department stores.Corporate Stores — Total revenue from corporate store sale for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $6.98 million for year 2017. In 2018 sales fromcorporate store decreased as compared to 2017 due to a decrease in promotion sales of repurchased inventory from certain distributors which are unable to pay offthe debts owed to us.Total revenue from corporate store sales for fiscal year 2017 was $6.98 million, compared to $5.53 million for year 2016. In 2017 sales from corporate stores increasedas compared to 2016 due to an increase in sales volume, which in turn was mainly attributable to the increase in promotion sales on repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors which are unable to pay off the debts owed to us.As of December 31, 2018, we operated 1 corporate store which located in Fujian. Total revenue from corporate store sales of 2018 decreased as compared to 2017because of the decrease the promotion sales of repurchased inventory.The corporate store segment contributed 14% of total revenue in 2018, compared to 29% of 2017 and 13% of 2016. Gross profit margin for the Company’s corporatestore was 232% in 2018, compared to 205% in 2017 and 104% in 2016. The margin compression from 2016 to 2018 is primarily due to: 1) close of 1 corporate store in2016 and the sale of its inventory at a lower price; 2) reduction of sale price of our goods in corporate stores to stimulate sales; 3) loss from sales of repurchasedinventory from certain distributors which sold at big discounted price in year 2017 and year 2018.OEM — The OEM segment is comprised of products that are designed by the customers but manufactured by us. Revenue from the OEM segment increased by$0.83 million to $2.57 million for year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017. Gross profit margin increased to 33%from 29% of year 2017. Revenue from the OEM segment decreased by $1.79 million to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $3.53 million foryear ended December 31, 2016. Gross profit margin decreased to 29% from 36% of year 2016. Our revenues from sales of OEM represented 14%, 9% and 9%,respectively of our total revenues for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.Cost of sales and gross profit rateCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for production purpose,outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges and water and electricity.Our cost of sales decreased from $35 million in year 2017 to $21 million in year 2018. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017.The gross profit rate increased from 48% in year 2017 to 12% in year 2018 due to 1) a decrease in the number of promotion sales in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, whichcaused a loss at RMB 40 million; 2) the higher price of updated new products and improvement of products quality; 3) higher profit margin of OEM segments due tolower amortized fixed fees from big orders from certain customers. In order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continuedoperation, we decided to continue to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors in 2018 and thereafter.48Table of ContentsOur cost of sales decreased from $39 million in year 2016 to $35 million in year 2017. The decrease was consistent with the decrease in our revenue, which resulted ina decrease in purchases by $7 million. The decrease in purchases was mainly due to a challenging retail environment and close of some stores.The gross profit rate decreased from 5% in year 2016 to 48% in year 2017 due to 1) a decrease in the number of our franchised stores from 55 as of December 31,2016 to 40 as of December 31, 2017; 2) in order to make more fair and friendly business environment for our all distributors, we adjusted our price policy to havesame price to our district distributors and province distributors in 2017, the price sell to the district distributor is lower than before. 3) a slowdown in demand inmenswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and our distributors faceddifficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 141.42 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million. Although we are not contractually obligated to buy back the excessiveinventory from any our distributors, in order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continued operation, we decided to do same in2017 to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors and we may implement similar plans in the following years.Administrative expensesAdministrative expenses increased by $0.02 million or 1% to $4.9 million for year 2018 from $4.88 million for 2017. The change was mainly due to the decrease ofoutsourcing design expense and the increase of the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Administrative expenses increased by $1.34 million or 37% to $4.88 million for year 2017 from $3.54 million for 2016. The increase was mainly due to the increase indesign staff expenses and the increase attributable to the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Distribution and selling expensesThe selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.59 million or 18% to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $ 3.2 million in 2017, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expense, products promotion expenses and entertainment expenses.The selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.34 million or 9.45% to $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $ 3.6 million in 2016, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expenses and promotion expense of products including placement order meeting expense.The advertisement expenses of 2018, 2017 and 2016 are relatively even and selling expenses accounted for 6.6%, 7.5% and 9% for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Other gains and lossesOther gains and losses increased by $13.4 million, or 10,875%, to $13.52 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $0.12 million for year 2017. The increasewas mainly due to the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value.Other gains and losses decreased by $11 million, or 98.9%, to $0.12 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $11.1 million for year 2016. The decrease wasmainly due to the fact that there was no additional provision on bad debts from three clients as in 2016.Profit for the yearWe had a loss of $18 million in 2018 as compared to a loss of $14.81 million for 2017, representing a decrease of profit of $3 million or 21%. Net margin was 97% forthe year ended December 31, 2018, compared to 62% for the year ended December 31, 2017.49Table of ContentsWe had a loss of $14.81 million in 2017 as compared to a loss of $11.9 million for 2016, representing a decrease of profit of $2.91 million or 25%. Net margin was 62%for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 29% for the year ended December 31, 2016.Profit for the year decreased from 2018 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons:(1)the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value (2) thedistribution and selling expenses decreased to a small portion of total revenue and the revenue also decreased compared to year ended December 31, 2017; (3) aslowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brands, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling products and paying back the balance owed to us. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 40 million.Profit for the year decreased from 2016 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons: (1) the administrative expenses increased to a large portion of total revenue; and(2) slowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 141.42 millionfrom certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million.B.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesAs of December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $21,026,103. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and cash in the banks. Webelieve that our current levels of cash and cash equivalent and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next12 months. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through net cash flow from operations. Our cash flows are driven by key performance indicatorsincluding the number of orders placed by distributors, number of outlets that each distributor operates the pricing of our products, sales of our corporate stores, andthe collect portion of account receivable. Currently there is only minimal cash held by offshore subsidiaries and there is no need for these subsidiaries to transfercash to Hongri PRC.The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this report:Fiscal Year Ended December 31201820172016Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(3,703,354)$1,922,252$3,194,287Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities52,932(865,365)45,445Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(3,907,291)(39,024)4,919,241Effects of exchange rate change in cash(1,117,062)1,513,138(1,556,980)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080Cash and cash equivalent at end of the period$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,34150Table of ContentsOperating ActivitiesThe net cash provided by operating activities consists of profit before tax, as adjusted by finance costs, change in fair value of warrant liabilities, interest income,shared based compensation, bad debt allowance, depreciation of property, plant and equipment, amortization of prepaid lease payment and trademark, amortizationof subsidies prepaid to distributors, amortization of prepayment and premiums under operating leases, provision(Reversal) of inventory obsolescence, provision ofimpairment loss in prepayments, loss(gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment, deferred income tax, which include trade and other receivables, prepaymentand deferred expenses, inventory, trade and other payables.Net cash used in operating activities in fiscal year 2018 was $3.7 million, compared with net cash provided by operating activities of $1.9 million in the year endedDecember 31, 2017. The change is mainly due to the increase of provision of Anhui property and the increase of deferred tax due to the loss of fiscal year 2018.Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.9 million, compared with $3.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2016. The change is mainlydue to the decrease in the amount of collection of account receivable.Investing ActivitiesNet cash provided by investing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.05 million, compared with $0.8 million net cash used in investing activities in 2017. The net cashprovided in investing activities in 2018 was interest received from our bank deposits.Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $0.8 million, compared with $0.04 million net cash provided by investing activities in 2016. The net cashused in investing activities in 2017 was to purchase fire protection facility.Financing ActivitiesNet cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.26 million, compared with $1.1 million net cash used in financing activities in 2017. It mainly consistedof repayment of bank loans in 2018.Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.1 million, compared with $1.68 million net cash provided by financing activities in 2016. It mainlyconsisted of interests paid for our bank loans.Loans, Other Commitments, ContingenciesAs of December 31, 2018, we had bank loans in an amount of $1,092,785. We may, however, in the future, require additional cash resources due to changing businessconditions, implementation of our strategy to expand our business or other investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our own financial resources areinsufficient to satisfy the capital requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain additional credit facilities. The sale of additionalequity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require usto agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overallbusiness prospects.C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.Our industry is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and changing customer demands. These conditions require continuousexpenditures on product research and development to enhance existing products create new products and avoid product obsolescence. See Item 3 “Key Information—D. Risk Factors—If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected,” —“Ifwe are unable to keep pace with the rapid technological changes in our industry, demand for our products and services could decline which would adversely affectour revenue,” and —“Our technology may become obsolete which could materially adversely affect our ability to sell our products and services.” For a detailedanalysis of research and development costs, see Item 5.A. “Operating Results—Results of Operations—Research and development expenses”.D.Trend InformationOther than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that wouldcause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.E.Off Balance Sheet ArrangementsWe do not have any off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes infinancial condition, sales or expenses, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures, or capital resources that are material to an investment in our securities.51Table of ContentsF.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual ObligationsThe table below shows our material contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018.Payments Due by PeriodLess than1 year13 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsContractual ObligationsConstruction Obligations$64,088,236Operating Lease Obligations$78,532146,7052,225,030Total$64,166,768146,7052,225,030Anhui Factory Construction ContractOn November 20, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party for the construction of a new plant with a total size of 110,557 square meters, atTaihu City, Anhui at a consideration of RMB 690 million (equivalent to approximately $104 million). This is the frame contract for the construction of Anhui factoryand round estimation. By December 31, 2016 we had already paid about $37.75 million in total on the phase 1, 2, 3 of construction based on detailed phase contractand the balance of construction cost of the Anui factory need to be determined based on the ontime budget on every phase. The majority of funds for constructionexpenses came from the cash balance on the account as of December 31, 2018 and the new profit of following year.Anhui Land Use Right Acquisition ContractOn September 2, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party to acquire a land use right in relation to the development of factories in Taihu City,Anhui Province, at a total consideration of RMB 43 million (approximately $6.3 million). Full consideration was paid in September 2010. There are three parts of theland. The Company has obtained land use rights certificates for the first parcel of land with 7,405 square meters on March 19, 2012, and the second parcel of landwith 2,440 square meters on May 26, 2012. The Company is currently in the process of obtaining the land use right certificate for the third parcel of the land with100,712 square meters.Except as set forth above, we have no other material longterm debt, capital or operating lease or fixed purchase obligations.InflationInflation and changing prices have not had a material effect on our business, and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect ourbusiness in the foreseeable future. However, our management will closely monitor price changes in the Chinese economy and the apparel industry and continuallymaintain effective cost controls in operations.52Table of ContentsSeasonalityOur business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal. Historically, we have realized more of our revenue and earnings in the fourth quarter, which includes themajority of the holiday shopping season, than in any other fiscal quarter.Critical Accounting PoliciesThe preparation of financial statements is in conformity with IFRS as issued by the IASB. It requires the Company’s management to make assumptions, estimatesand judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. The Company hasidentified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of Company’s financial statements. These accounting policies are important for anunderstanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of theCompany’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to makeestimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitivebecause of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly frommanagement’s current judgments. The Company believes the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in thepreparation of the Company’s financial statements.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects the considerationto which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled in exchange fortransferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that asignificant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration issubsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to the customerfor more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would be reflected in a separatefinancing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financing component which provides theCompany a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interest expense accreted on the contract liabilityunder the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services is oneyear or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component, using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of the goods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receiptsover the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.53Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with thedividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. Revenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer. Revenue from allabove categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of thetransaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered and title has passed.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting the deductible inputVAT of the period, is VAT payable.54Table of ContentsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial periodof time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use orsale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal government retirementbenefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fund their retirementbenefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal government takes responsibility for theretirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly, the only obligation of the Groupwith respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employment with the Group. There are no provisionsunder the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans are considered defined contribution plans. The Grouphas no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixed contributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pensionschemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service is performed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised inother comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Groupoperates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable taxregulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred taxassets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which thosedeductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or fromthe initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accountingprofit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able to control thereversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising fromdeductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profitsagainst which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.55Table of ContentsThe carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficienttaxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based ontax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assetsreflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carryingamount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when thedeferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities wherethere is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, inwhich case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arisesfrom the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.Store preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll and supplies.The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenses when occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases areclassified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes. Leaseholdimprovements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes other thanconstruction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful lives and aftertaking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction in progressis carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment whencompleted and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for theirintended use.56Table of ContentsAn item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of theasset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) isincluded in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.The Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights to use theland on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizable valuerepresents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fair valuethrough profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model formanaging them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the practicalexpedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus in the case of a financialasset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group hasapplied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance with the policies set out for “Revenue recognition(applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cash flowsthat are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established by regulation orconvention in the marketplace.57Subsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognised inthe income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversals arerecognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair value changes arerecognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive income is recycled to theincome statement.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under HKAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. The classification isdetermined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statement when theright of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and the amount of the dividendcan be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains arerecorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income are not subject to impairmentassessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value throughprofit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for thepurpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading unless they aredesignated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interest are classified and measured atfair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to be classified at amortised cost or at fairvalue through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition ifdoing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.58Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in theincome statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separate derivative if theeconomic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet thedefinition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changesin fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cashflows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between thecontractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the originaleffective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to thecontractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are providedfor credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been asignificant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespectiveof the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. When making theassessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on thefinancial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort,including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider afinancial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full beforetaking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering thecontractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the general approach andthey are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach as detailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured at anamount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets and for whichthe loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the loss allowance ismeasured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs59Simplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of asignificant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not track changes incredit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on itshistorical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt the simplifiedapproach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed from theGroup’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to what extent, ithas retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset nortransferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Groupalso recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that theGroup has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and the maximumamount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’sfinancial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.Subsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method unless theeffect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement when the liabilities arederecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.60Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantiallymodified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference between therespective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right tooffset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to the contractualprovisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financialassets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.The Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. Theeffective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of theeffective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, where appropriate, a shorter period tothe net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.61Table of ContentsReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including trade and otherreceivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment (seeaccounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a resultof one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have been affected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequently assessed forimpairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience of collecting payments,and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national or local economic conditions thatcorrelate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between the asset’scarrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.The carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables, where thecarrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized in profit or loss. When atrade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off arecredited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment losseswas recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset at the date theimpairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.G.Safe HarborSee “Introductory Notes—ForwardLooking Information.”62Table of ContentsITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEESA.Directors and Senior ManagementThe following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors and senior management, as well as employees upon whose work we are dependent, as ofthe date of this annual report.NAMEAGEPOSITIONKeyan Yan47Chairman and Chief Executive OfficerThemis Kalapotharakos44Executive DirectorLixiaTu37Chief Financial Officer and DirectorJohn Sano49Independent DirectorMatthew C. Los54Independent DirectorZhongmin Zhang76Independent DirectorYuet Mei Chan38Independent DirectorMr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has been the Chairman of our board of directors and Chief Executive Officer since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr.Yan has over 16 years of senior management experience. He served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of KBS International between March 2011 and August2014. From 1994 to present, Mr. Yan has served as general manager of Hongri PRC. Prior to joining us, Mr. Yan served as workshop manager, production managerand marketing manager of Zhenshi Knitting Factory in Shishi, China from 19891994. Mr. Yan obtained a certificate of corporate management from Xiamen Universityin 1992.Ms. Lixia Tu. Ms. Tu became the Company’s Chief Financial Officer on June 25, 2015. Ms. Tu has more than night years of accounting and audit experience, familiarwith IFRS, US GAAP, SarbanesOxley and the compliance requirements of SEC. After she worked as a project manager at BDO China Fu Jian SHU LUN PANCertified Public Accountants for four years, she worked as a CFO or a financial consultant for some other companies. Ms. Tu holds a Master’s degree inprofessional accounting from the University of Deakin in Australia. Ms. Tu is also a member of the Chartered Association of Certified Accountants.Mr. Themis Kalapotharakos. Mr. Kalapotharakos became our executive director on June 15, 2015. Mr. Kalapotharakos has acquired a range of expertise of a widespectrum of business activities. He has extensive highlevel experience at the Shipping, Trading and Finance industries where he has founded, developed andoperated various businesses starting from the ground up. His roles involved regular communication and coordination with investors, financial institutions, capitalmarket authorities, custodian and administrative banks, auditors and legal counsel. He holds a Bachelor’s degree from Cardiff University and an MSc Degree fromCass Business School in the UK.John Sano. Mr. Sano has been an independent director of the Company since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr. Sano has over 20 years ofexperience in apparel & home furnishings concept, design, sourcing, production, and ecommerce. He has extensive experience in all aspects of the retail clothingsupply chain, from conceptualization to final production and distribution. Mr. Sano has also advised and worked closely with numerous top brands in the US. Hehas been General Director of Sano Design Services since 2002. Mr. Sano has an associate’s degree in interior design from Traphagen School of Design.Mr. Matthew C. Los. Mr. Los became our director on October 8, 2015. Mr. Los has acquired a range of expertise of a wide spectrum of business activities. He hasover 20 years’ experience at high level management, and has founded, developed and operated various businesses in the shipping, energy, telecommunications realestate industries starting from the ground up. He also has experience in the capital markets and was the CEO of Aquasition Corp., the predecessor of the Company,prior to the Share Exchange. Mr. Los has a BSc in Mechanical Engineering and Computer Aided Design from University of Westminster in the UK.Mr. Zhongmin Zhang. Mr. Zhang became our director on July 10, 2017. He has over 45 years of extensive experience in many facets of textile business, including inproduction, marketing, and management. Currently, Mr. Zhang is the president of Zhengzhou Guangda Textile Printing & Dyeing Co., Ltd. which has an annualproduction of 216 million meters of various textile products, with a value of RMB 800 million. Holding a title of Senior Engineer, Mr. Zhang graduated from HarbinInstitute of Technology in 1965. He also has certificates in finance management and civil law.Mr. Yuet Mei Chan. Ms. Chan became our director on July 10, 2017. She has over 15 years of experience in the banking industry. She held several senior positions ina prestigious bank in Hong Kong from 20012016. She is currently a financial consultant at AIA and specializes in analyzing financial situations and market trends.Ms. Chan holds a diploma in Computing and Business Studies from Hong Kong St. Perth College.No family relationship exists between any of the persons named above.63Table of ContentsB.CompensationIn 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $207,268 in cash as compensation to our directors and senior management as a group, and some of our directors andexecutive officers also received compensation in the form of annual salaries and bonuses. We do not set aside or accrue any amounts for pension, retirement orother benefits for our directors and senior management. However, we reimburse our directors for outofpocket expenses incurred in connection with their services insuch capacity.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to our executive officers and directors as compensations for theirservices. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to the Company’s executiveofficers, directors and certain employees as compensations for their service. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.2018 Equity Incentive PlanOn December 24, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2018 Plan, pursuant to which the Company may offerup to two million shares of common stock as equity incentives to its directors, employees and consultants. Such number of shares is subject to adjustment in theevent of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, stock splits, stock dividends, or other change in the corporate structure of the Companyaffecting the shares issuable under the 2018 Plan. As of December 31, 2018, we have not granted any equity awards under the 2018 Plan.The following paragraphs summarize the terms of our 2018 Plan:Purpose. The purposes of the 2018 Plan are to promote the longterm growth and profitability of the Company and its affiliates by stimulating the efforts ofemployees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates who are selected to be participants, aligning the longterm interests of participants with thoseof shareholders, heightening the desire of participants to continue in working toward and contributing to our success, attracting and retaining the best availablepersonnel for positions of substantial responsibility, and generally providing additional incentive for them to promote the success of our business through the grantof awards of or pertaining to our common stock. The 2018 Plan permits the grant of ISOs, NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share AppreciationRights, Performance Units and Performance Shares as the administrator of the 2018 Plan may determine.Administration. The 2018 Plan is administered by our Board. The administrator has the authority to determine the specific terms and conditions of all awards grantedunder the 2018 Plan, including, without limitation, the number of shares of common stock subject to each award, the price to be paid for the shares and the applicablevesting criteria. The administrator has discretion to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2018 Plan.Eligibility. NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share Appreciation Rights, Performance Units and Performance Shares may be granted to employees,directors or consultants either alone or in combination with any other awards. ISOs may be granted only to employees of the Company, and of any parent orsubsidiary.Shares Available for Issuance Under the 2018 Plan. Subject to adjustment as described below, (a) the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issuedunder the 2018 Plan is 2,000,000 shares of common stock, (b) to the extent consistent with Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the“Code”), not more than an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of common stock may be issued under ISOs, and (c) not more than 200,000 shares of common stock (or forawards denominated in cash, the Fair Market Value of 200,000 shares of common stock on the Grant Date, as defined in the 2018 Plan), may be awarded to anyindividual participant in the aggregate in any one fiscal year of the Company, such limitation to be applied in a manner consistent with the requirements of, and onlyto the extent required for compliance with, the exclusion from the limitation on deductibility of compensation under Code Section 162(m). The number and class ofshares available under the 2018 Plan are subject to adjustment in the event of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, share splits, sharedividends, or other similar events which change the number or kind of shares outstanding.64Table of ContentsTransferability. Unless otherwise provided in the 2018 Plan or otherwise determined by the administrator, an award may not be sold, pledged, assigned,hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution and may be exercised, during the lifetime of theparticipant, only by the participant. However, the administrator may, at or after the grant of an award other than an ISO, provide that such award may be transferredby the recipient to a “family member” (as defined in the 2018 Plan); provided, however, that any such transfer is without payment of any consideration whatsoeverand that no transfer shall be valid unless first approved by the administrator, acting in its sole discretion, and as required by our Amended and Restated Articles ofIncorporation. If the administrator makes an award transferable, such award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the administrator deemsappropriate.Termination of, or Amendments to, the 2018 Plan. The Board may at any time amend, alter, suspend or terminate the 2018 Plan, provided that the Company willobtain shareholder approval of any 2018 Plan amendment to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with applicable Laws. No amendment, alteration,suspension or termination of the 2018 Plan will impair the rights of any participant, unless mutually agreed otherwise between the participant and the administrator,which agreement must be in writing and signed by the participant and the Company. Termination of the 2018 Plan will not affect the administrator’s ability to exercisethe powers granted to it hereunder with respect to awards granted prior to the date of such termination.The 2018 Plan will terminate five years following the date it was adopted by the Board, unless sooner terminated by the Board.Employment AgreementsPlease refer to Item 10 “Additional Information—C. Material Contracts.”C.Board PracticesOur board of directors currently consists of seven members, Keyan Yan, Lixia Tu, John Sano, Themis Kalapotharakos, Matthew C. Los, Yuet Mei Chan andZhongmin Zhang.The Board has established the Audit Committee, which is comprised entirely of independent directors. From time to time, the Board may establish other committees.Audit CommitteeOur Audit Committee is currently composed of three members: Yuet Mei Chan, John Sano and Matthew C. Los. Our Board of Directors determined that each memberof the Audit Committee meets the independence criteria prescribed by applicable regulation and the rules of the SEC for audit committee membership. Each AuditCommittee member also meets NASDAQ’s financial literacy requirements. Matthew C. Los serves as Chair of the Audit Committee.Our Board of Directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is the “audit committee financial expert” as such term is defined in Item 407(d) of Regulation SKpromulgated by the SEC and also meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements.The Audit Committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our Company. The Audit Committee isresponsible for, among other things:●the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the independent auditor;●reviewing and preapproving all auditing services and permissible nonaudit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed by theindependent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed relatedparty transactions;●discussing the interim and annual financial statements with management and our independent auditors;●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor (a) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls, (b) theCompany’s internal audit procedures, and (c) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, and managementreports thereon;65Table of Contents●reviewing reported violations of the Company’s code of conduct and business ethics; and●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor various topics and events that may have significant financial impact on theCompany or that are the subject of discussions between management and the independent auditors.D.EmployeesAs of December 31, 2018, we employed 370 fulltime employees. The following table sets forth the number of our fulltime employees by function. FunctionNumber ofEmployeesManagement and Administration28Marketing, Sales and Distribution18Design and Product Development20Production281Procurement, Warehousing and Logistics19Quality and Assurance7TOTAL370We believe that we have maintained a satisfactory working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any significant labor disputes or anydifficulty in recruiting staff for company’s operations. None of company’s employees is represented by a labor union.Our employees in China participate in a state pension plan organized by Chinese municipal and provincial governments. The company is required to make monthlycontributions to the plan for each employee at the rate of 23% of his or her average assessable salary. In addition, the company is required by Chinese law to coveremployees in China with various types of social insurance. The company believes that it is in material compliance with the relevant PRC laws.E.Share OwnershipThe following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of each class of our voting securities as of April 26, 2019 (i) by each person who is knownby us to beneficially own more than 5% of our voting securities; (ii) by each of our officers and directors; and (iii) by all of our officers and directors as a group.NameOffice, If AnyTitle of ClassAmount andNature ofBeneficialOwnership(1)Percent ofClass(2)Officers and DirectorsKeyan Yan(3)Chairman, CEO and PresidentCommon Stock964,32037.21%Lixia TuChief Financial Officer and DirectorCommon Stock60,0002.32%Themis KalapotharakosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%John SanoDirectorCommon Stock5,0000.19%Matthew C. LosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%Zhongmin ZhangDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%Yuet Mei ChanDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%All officers and directors as a group (7 personsnamed above)1,129,32043.58%5% Security HoldersKeyan Yan (3)Common Stock964,32037.21%Alliance Investment Management Limited(4)Common Stock195,488(4)7.54%*Less than 1%(1)Beneficial Ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Eachof the beneficial owners listed above has direct ownership of and sole voting power and investment power with respect to our common stock.66Table of Contents(2)As of April 26, 2019, a total of 2,591,299 shares of commons stock are considered to be outstanding pursuant to SEC Rule 13d3(d)(1). For each Beneficial Ownerabove, any securities that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days have been included in the denominator.(3)Includes 20,000 shares of common stock owned by Bizhen Chen, Mr. Yan’s wife.(4)Based solely on Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on August 8, 2018, in which Alliance Investment Management reported it has sole voting and dispositivepower with respect to 195,488 shares of our common stock. The address of the reporting person is 7 Belmont Road, Kingston, Jamaica.None of our existing shareholders has voting rights that differ from the voting rights of other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at asubsequent date, result in our change in control.ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSA.Major ShareholdersPlease refer to Item 6 “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.”B.Related Party TransactionsFrom time to time, KBS and its subsidiaries borrowed money from our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Keyan Yan, to pay for Company expenses. Theseamounts are interestfree, unsecured and repayable on demand. In years 2017 and 2016, Mr. Yan paid all the Company expenses in connection with the Company’sNasdaq continued listing and SEC reporting out of his pocket. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of these amounts we borrowed from Mr. Yan was$485,302 and $35,483, respectively.C.Interests of Experts and CounselNot applicable.ITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATIONA.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial InformationFinancial StatementsWe have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this report. See Item 18 “Financial Statements.”Legal Proceedings We may be subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our business from time to time. We are currently not party to anylegal or arbitration proceedings, including those relating to bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings and those involving any third party, which may have, orhave had in the recent past, significant effects on our financial position or profitability.Dividend PolicyTo date, we have not paid any cash dividends on our shares. As a Marshall Islands company, we may only declare and pay dividends except when the corporationis insolvent or would thereby be made insolvent or when the declaration or payment would be contrary to any restrictions contained in our Articles ofIncorporation. Dividends may be declared and paid out of surplus only; but in case there is no surplus, dividends may be declared or paid out of the net profits forthe fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and for the preceding fiscal year. We currently anticipate that we will retain any available funds to finance thegrowth and operation of our business and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our cash held in foreign countriesmay be subject to certain control limitations or repatriation requirements, limiting our ability to use this cash to pay dividends.67Table of ContentsB.Significant ChangesNo significant change has occurred since the date of our consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTINGA.Offer and Listing DetailsOur common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market and trade under the symbol “KBSF.” Between January 23, 2013 and November 3, 2014, our commonstock was traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “AQU.” Our Warrants and Units are quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “KBSFW”and “KBSFU”, respectively. Prior to November 3, 2014, our Warrants and Units were quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “AQUUF” and “AQUUU”,respectively. Before their quotation on the OTC Markets, our Units commenced to trade on the Nasdaq Stock Market on October 26, 2012 and our Warrantscommenced to trade separately from its Units on January 23, 2013.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.Approximate Number of Holders of Our SecuritiesOn April 26, 2019, there was 1 holder of record of our Units, 359 shareholders of record of our common stock and 1 holder of record of our Warrants. Certain of oursecurities are held in nominee or street name so the actual number of beneficial owners of our securities is greater than the number of record holders set forth above.B.Plan of DistributionNot applicable.C.MarketsSee our disclosures above under “A. Offer and Listing Details.”D.Selling ShareholdersNot applicable. E.DilutionNot applicable.F.Expenses of the IssueNot applicable.68Table of ContentsITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONA.Share CapitalOur Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation authorize the Company to issue up to 155,000,000 shares with a par value of $0.0001, consisting of 150,000,000shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of date of this report, there are 2,591,299 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Wehave never issued any preferred stock.●As of date of this report, we have 717 IPO Units outstanding.●As of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding (including 369,302 IPO Warrants and 24,534 Placement Warrants), each warrant entitles theholder to purchase one share of common stock at a purchase price of $172.5.B.Memorandum and Articles of AssociationThe following represents a summary of certain key provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. The summary does not purport to be a summary of allof the provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. For more complete information you should read our amended and restated articles ofincorporation and bylaws, each listed as an exhibit to this report.We were incorporated in the Marshall Islands on January 26, 2012 under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BCA”). The purpose of the Company isto engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may now or hereafter be organized under the BCA. Our amended and restated articles of incorporationand bylaws do not impose any limitations on the ownership rights of our stockholders.Description of Common StockEach outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Upon our dissolution, liquidation orwinding up of the affairs of the Company, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidationpreferences, if any, the holders or our common stock will be entitled to receive pro rata our remaining assets available for distribution. Holders of common stock donot have conversion, redemption or preemptive rights to subscribe to any of our securities.Blank Check Preferred Stock.Our Board of Directors is authorized, without any further vote or action by our stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in different classesand series and, with respect to each class or series, to determine the designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights,conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the powers and rights associated with the common stock,at such times and on such other terms as they think proper. Our Board of Directors may issue shares of preferred stock on terms calculated to discourage, delay orprevent a change of control of our company or the removal of our management.WarrantsAs of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding, among which 369,302 warrants were issued to the public in our IPO (the “IPO Warrants”). Each ofthe IPO Warrants entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.5 expiring on July 31, 2019, provided that there is an effectiveregistration statement covering the shares of common stock underlying the IPO Warrants.69Table of ContentsThe Company may redeem the IPO Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon 30 days’ notice, after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, only inthe event that the last sale price of the shares of common stock is at least $17.50 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30trading day period (“30Day TradingPeriod”) ending three business days prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is a current registration statement in effect with respectto the shares of common stock underlying such IPO Warrants throughout the 30day redemption period. The Company is only required to use its best efforts tomaintain the effectiveness of the registration statement covering the underlying common stock of the IPO Warrants. There are no contractual penalties for failure todeliver securities if a registration statement is not effective at the time of exercise. Additionally, in the event that a registration statement is not effective at the time ofexercise, the holder of such warrant shall not be entitled to exercise such warrant for cash and in no event (whether in the case of a registration statement not beingeffective or otherwise) will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrant exercise.In addition, Aqua Investments Corp., an entity controlled by certain founding shareholders of the Company, acquired 24,534 warrants, each entitles the holder topurchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50, expiring on July 31, 2019 (the “Placement Warrants”). The Placement Warrants are identical to the IPOWarrants except that the Placement Warrants (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis; (ii) will not be redeemable by the Company and (ii) may beexercised even if there is not an effective registration statement relating to the shares underlying the warrants, so long as they are held by the initial purchaser orany of its permitted transferees.As of date of this report, we also have 717 IPO Units outstanding and publicly trading, each including one IPO Warrant and one share of our common stock.DirectorsThe business and affairs of the Company are managed by or under the direction of our Board of Directors.Our directors are elected by the holders of the shares representing a majority of the total voting power of the thenoutstanding capital stock of the Company entitledto vote generally in the election of directors (“Voting Stock”). Our amended and restated articles of incorporation provide that cumulative voting shall not be used toelect directors. Each director will be elected to serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his/her successor shall have been duly elected andqualified, except in the event of his/her death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of his/her term of office.Any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of thetotal voting power of the Voting Stock entitled to vote thereon or with cause by directors constituting at least twothirds of the entire Board.Vacancies in the Board of Directors occurring by death, resignation, the creation of new directorships, the failure of the shareholders to elect the whole board at anyannual election of directors, or, except as herein provided, for any other reason, including removal of directors for cause, may be filled either by the affirmative voteof a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, at any special meeting called for that purpose or at any regular meeting of theBoard. Vacancies occurring by removal of directors without cause may be filled only by vote of the shareholders.Shareholder MeetingsAnnual stockholder meetings will be held at a time and place selected by our board of directors. The meetings may be held in or outside of the Marshall Islands.Under our amended and restated articles of incorporation, special meetings may be called by the board of directors, or by the secretary of the Company requestedby stockholders representing certain amount of voting power. Our board of directors shall give not less than 15 days and not more than 60 days prior written noticeof a shareholders’ meeting to each shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat and to each shareholder of record who, by reason of any action proposed at suchmeeting would be entitled to have his/her shares appraised if such action were taken, and the notice shall include a statement of that purpose and to that effect.Our bylaws provide that a meeting of shareholders is duly constituted if, at the commencement of the meeting, there are shareholders present in person or by proxyrepresenting not less than a majority of the votes of the shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on resolutions of shareholders to be considered at themeeting.70Table of ContentsIf a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of stock represented at the meeting will be the act of the shareholders. At any meeting ofshareholders, each shareholder entitled to vote any shares on any manner to be voted upon at such meeting shall be entitled to one vote on such matter for eachsuch share. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the action so taken, issigned by all the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof.Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal and Payment.Under the BCA, our stockholders have the right to dissent from various corporate actions, including any merger or sale of all or substantially all of our assets notmade in the usual course of our business, and receive payment of the fair value of their shares. However, the right of a dissenting stockholder to receive payment ofthe fair value of his or her shares shall not be available for any shares of stock of the constituent corporation surviving a merger if the merger did not require for itsapproval the vote of the stockholders of the surviving corporation. In the event of any further amendment of our articles of incorporation, a stockholder also has theright to dissent and receive payment for his or her shares if the amendment alters certain rights in respect of those shares. The dissenting stockholder must followthe procedures set forth in the BCA to receive payment. In the event that we and any dissenting stockholder fail to agree on a price for the shares, the BCAprocedures involve, among other things, the institution of proceedings in the circuit court in the judicial circuit in the Marshall Islands in which our Marshall Islandsoffice is situated. The value of the shares of the dissenting stockholder is fixed by the court after reference, if the court so elects, to the recommendations of a courtappointed appraiser.Stockholders’ Derivative ActionsUnder the BCA, any of our stockholders may bring an action in our name to procure a judgment in our favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that thestockholder bringing the action is a holder of common stock both at the time the derivative action is commenced and at the time of the transaction to which theaction relates.Indemnification of Officers and DirectorsThe BCA authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors and officers to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages forbreaches of directors’ fiduciary duties. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation include a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors formonetary damages for actions taken as a director to the fullest extent permitted by law. We must indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorizedby law. We are also expressly authorized to advance certain expenses (including attorneys’ fees and disbursements and court costs) to our directors and offices andcarry directors’ and officers’ insurance providing indemnification for our directors, officers and certain employees for some liabilities.The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws may discourage stockholders frombringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigationagainst directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. In addition, your investment may beadversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.C.Material ContractsWe have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in Item 4 “Information on theCompany,” Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations,” Item 7 “Major Shareholders and RelatedParty Transactions,” or filed (or incorporated by reference) as exhibits to this annual report or otherwise described or referenced in this annual report.D.Exchange ControlsMarshall Islands Exchange ControlsUnder Marshall Islands law, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect theremittance of dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our shares.71Table of ContentsBVI Exchange ControlsThere are no material exchange controls restrictions on payment of dividends, interest or other payments to the holders of our common stock or on the conduct ofour operations in the BVI, where we were incorporated. There are no material BVI laws that impose any material exchange controls on us or that affect the paymentof dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our common stock. BVI law and our memorandum and articles of association do not impose anymaterial limitations on the right of nonresidents or foreign owners to hold or vote our common stock.PRC Exchange ControlsRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued bySAFE and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade and service payments, payment ofinterest and dividends can be made without prior approval from SAFE by following the appropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMBinto foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRC for the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments,loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from SAFE or its local office.On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency Management Policy on Direct Investment, effective fromJune 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investmentfrom SAFE. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for the purpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed withqualified banks, which, under the supervision of SAFE, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise, or SAFE Circular 19,was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to SAFE Circular 19, a foreigninvested enterprise may, according to its actualbusiness needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchange bureau has confirmedmonetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the time being, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shall truthfully use itscapital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equity investment with theamount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open a corresponding Account forForeign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming andRegulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or SAFE Circular 16, was promulgated and became effective on June 9,2016. According to SAFE Circular 16, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreign currency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionarybasis. SAFE Circular 16 provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items (including but not limited to foreigncurrency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. SAFE Circular 16 reiterates the principle thatRenminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope andmay not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guarantee the principal within the PRCunless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless it is within the businessscope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Optimizing Genuineness and ComplianceVerification, or SAFE Circular 3, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits from domestic entities tooffshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution, original copies oftax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses before remitting any profits.Moreover, pursuant to SAFE Circular 3, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provide boardresolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.72Table of ContentsRegulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsSAFE issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special PurposeVehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issues Concerning theRegulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles, to regulateforeign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investment and financing orconduct round trip investment in China. SAFE Circular 37 defines a SPV as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly or indirectly, by PRC residents orentities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets or interests, while “round tripinvestment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through SPVs, namely, establishing foreigninvested enterprises to obtain theownership, control rights and management rights. SAFE Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into an SPV, PRC residents or entities be required tocomplete foreign exchange registration with SAFE or its local branch. In addition, SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving theAdministration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended SAFE Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015,requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.PRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to SPVs but had not obtained registration as required before theimplementation of the SAFE Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the SPVs with qualified banks. An amendment to the registration isrequired if there is a material change with respect to the SPV registered, such as any change of basic information (including change of the PRC residents, name andoperation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers or divisions. Failure to comply with the registrationprocedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclose controllers of the foreigninvestedenterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to itsoffshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities to penalties under PRC foreignexchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companiesby PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRCsubsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansSAFE promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan ofOverseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issued by SAFE in March 2007. Pursuant tothe Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residents participating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted companyare required to register with SAFE or its local branches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents mustconduct the SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of theoverseas publicly listed company or another qualified institution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevantSAFE registration should there be any material change to the stock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of thePRC residents who have the right to exercise the employee stock options, apply to SAFE or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreigncurrencies in connection with the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the saleof shares under the stock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRCopened by the PRC agents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.73Table of ContentsWe adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We have advised therecipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice. However, wecannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subjectthe PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016 respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014 respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our BVI holding company may rely on dividend payments from IST,which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on the ability of ourconsolidated VIEs to make remittance to IST and on the ability of IST to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations ofthose entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends andother distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you,and otherwise fund and conduct our business”E.TaxationThe following is a general summary of the material Marshall Islands, Hong Kong, BVI, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to an investmentin our units, shares of common stock and warrants to acquire our shares of common stock, sometimes referred to collectively in this summary as our “securities”.The discussion is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal or tax advice to any particular prospective purchaser. The discussion is based on lawsand relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change or different interpretations, possibly withretroactive effect. The discussion does not address United States state or local tax laws, or tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Marshall Islands, Hong Kong,the BVI, the PRC and the United States. We recommend that you consult your own tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquisition, ownership anddisposition of our securities.Marshall Islands TaxationThe following are the material Marshall Islands tax consequences of our activities to us and to our stockholders and warrant holders of investing in our CommonStock and warrants. Under current Marshall Islands law, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains, and no Marshall Islands withholding tax or income taxwill be imposed upon payments of dividends by us to our stockholders or proceeds from the disposition of our common stock and warrants, provided suchstockholders or warrant holders, as the case may be, are not residents in the Marshall Islands. There is no tax treaty between the United States and the Republic ofthe Marshall Islands.BVI TaxationThe BVI does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid to us by our BVI subsidiary, nor does the BVI levy any capital gains or income taxes on us or our BVIsubsidiary. However, our BVI subsidiary is required to pay the BVI government an annual license fee based on the number of shares it is authorized to issue.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the BVI.74Table of ContentsHong Kong TaxationOur Hong Kong subsidiaries, under the current laws of Hong Kong, are subject to profits tax of 16.5%. No provision for Hong Kong profits tax has been made asour Hong Kong subsidiaries have no taxable income.PRC TaxationWe are a holding company incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which indirectly holds our equity interests in our PRC operating subsidiaries. The EIT Law and itsimplementation rules, both of which became effective as of January 1, 2008, provide that a PRC enterprise is subject to a standard income tax rate of 25% and Chinasourced income of foreign enterprises, such as dividends paid by a PRC subsidiary to its overseas parent, will normally be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of10%, unless there are applicable treaties between the overseas parent’s jurisdiction of incorporation and China to reduce such rate.Under the Arrangement between the Mainland and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention ofFiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, or the Double Taxation Arrangement, effective as of January 1, 2007, such dividend withholding tax rate is reducedto 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns over 25% of the PRC company distributing the dividends. Under the aforesaid arrangement, any dividends that ourPRC operating subsidiaries pay to their Hong Kong holding companies may be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 5% if they are not considered to be a PRC“resident enterprise” as described below. However, if the Hong Kong holdings companies are not considered to be the “beneficial owner” of such dividends underthe Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties promulgated by the State Administration of Taxation on October 27,2009 (and not a PRC “resident enterprise”), such dividends would be subject to the withholding tax rate of 10%. The withholding tax rate of 5% or 10% applicablewill have a significant impact on the amount of dividends to be received by us and ultimately by shareholders.According to the Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties, the term “beneficial owner” refers to a person who hasthe right to own and dispose of the income and the rights or properties generated from the said income. The “beneficial owner” may be an individual, a company orany other organization which is usually engaged in substantial business operations. A conduit company is not a “beneficial owner.” The term “conduit company”refers to a company which is usually established for purposes of dodging or reducing taxes, and transferring or accumulating profits. Such a company is onlyregistered in the country of domicile to satisfy the organizational form as required by law, but it does not engage in such substantial business operations asmanufacturing, distribution and management. As our Hong Kong holding companies are controlling companies and are not engaged in substantial businessoperations, they could be considered as conduit companies by tax authorities and we do not expect them to be a beneficial owner.In addition to the changes to the current tax structure, under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto management bodies” withinChina is considered a resident enterprise and will normally be subject to an EIT of 25% on its global income. The implementing rules define the term “de factomanagement bodies” as “an establishment that exercises, in substance, overall management and control over the production, business, personnel, accounting, etc.,of a Chinese enterprise.”It remains unclear whether the PRC tax authorities would require or permit our overseas registered entities to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. We do notcurrently consider our company to be a PRC resident enterprise. However, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterpriseincome tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on ourworldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on offering proceedsand nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although under the EIT Law and its implementing rulesdividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued guidance with respect to the processing ofoutbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidance issuedwith respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation in which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to our nonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC shareholders from transferring our shares.75Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income TaxationThe following is a discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our securities. It does notpurport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s situation. The discussion applies only toholders that hold their securities as capital assets (generally property held for investment) within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based on the Code, income tax regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial positions, published positions of theInternal Revenue Service, or the IRS, and other applicable authorities, all as in effect as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly withretroactive effect. This discussion is general in nature and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations, nor does the discussion address any state, local orforeign tax considerations or any U.S. tax considerations (e.g., estate or gift tax) other than U.S. federal income tax considerations, that may be applicable toparticular holders.This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant in light of particular circumstances, nor does it address the U.S.federal income tax consequences to persons who are subject to special rules under U.S. federal income tax law, including:●banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions;●persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;●taxexempt organizations;●controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid United States federal incometax;●certain former citizens or longterm residents of the United States;●dealers in securities or currencies;●traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting for their securities holdings;●persons that own, or are deemed to own, more than five percent of our capital stock;●holders who acquired our stock as compensation or pursuant to the exercise of a stock option; or●persons who hold our shares as a position in a hedging transaction, “straddle,” or other risk reduction transaction.For purposes of this discussion, a U.S. holder is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (ii) acorporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States (or treated assuch under applicable U.S. tax laws), any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardlessof its source; or (iv) a trust if (a) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have theauthority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) it has a valid election in effect under applicable law and regulations to be treated as a U.S. person forU.S. federal income tax purposes. A nonU.S. holder is a holder that is neither a U.S. holder nor a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S.federal income tax purposes.In the case of a partnership or entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally willdepend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal incometax consequences to them of the merger or of the ownership and disposition of our shares.As a result of consummation of the Share Exchange, (i) we acquired substantially all the properties of KBS International, a U.S. corporation, and (ii) the formershareholders of KBS International held at least 80 percent of our common stock by reason of having held stock of KBS International. Accordingly, under Section7874 of the Code, we are treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as a U.S. corporation and, among other consequences, are subject to U.S. federal income tax on ourworldwide income. This discussion assumes that Section 7874 of the Code continues to apply to treat us as a U.S. corporation for all purposes under the Code. If,for some reason (e.g., future repeal of Section 7874 of the Code), we were no longer treated as a U.S. corporation under the Code, the U.S. federal income taxconsequences described herein could be materially and adversely affected.76Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. HoldersDistributionsIn the event that distributions are paid on our common stock, the gross amount of such distributions will be included in the gross income of the U.S. holder asdividend income on the date of receipt to the extent that the distribution is paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federalincome tax principles. Such dividends will be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Dividends received by noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, may be subject to reduced rates of taxation under current law. A U.S. holdermay be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed on dividends paid by us. However, the foreign tax credit rules arecomplex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 of the Code and the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and theGovernment of the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, or theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty, is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may be entitled to underthe foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.To the extent that dividends paid on our common stock exceed current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distributions will be treated first as a taxfree returnof tax basis on our common stock, and to the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds tax basis, the excess will be treated as gain from the disposition ofthose common stock. Because Section 7874 of the Code has applied to treat us as a U.S. corporation only since consummation of the Share Exchange in 2014, wemay not be able to demonstrate to the IRS the extent to which a distribution on our common stock exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (asdetermined under U.S. federal income tax principles), in which case all of such distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.Sale or Other DispositionU.S. holders of our common stock will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of common stock equal to the differencebetween the amount realized for the common stock and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the common stock. This gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss. Undercurrent law, noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, are eligible for reduced tax rates if the common stock has been held for more than one year. Thedeductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. A U.S. holder may be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed ongain from the sale or other disposition of common stock. However, the foreign tax credit rules are complex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 ofthe Code and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may beentitled to under the foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Unearned Income Medicare ContributionCertain U.S. holders who are individuals, trusts or estates are required to pay an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on, among other things, dividends on and capitalgains from the sale or other disposition of shares of stock. U.S. holders should consult their own advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this rule on their ownershipand disposition of our common stock.U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for NonU.S. HoldersDistributionsThe rules applicable to nonU.S. holders for determining the extent to which distributions on our common stock, if any, constitute dividends for U.S. federal incometax purposes are the same as for U.S. holders. See “–U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. Holders– Distributions.”77Table of ContentsAny dividends paid to a nonU.S. holder by us are treated as income derived from sources within the United States and generally will be subject to U.S. federalincome tax withholding at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends, or at a lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty if nonU.S. holdersprovide proper certification of eligibility for the lower rate (usually on IRS Form W8BEN or W8BENE). Dividends received by a nonU.S. holder that are effectivelyconnected with such holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business (and, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained bythe nonU.S. holder in the U.S.) are exempt from such withholding tax, provided that applicable certification requirements are satisfied. In such case, however, nonU.S. holders will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such dividends, net of certain deductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. In addition, corporatenonU.S. holders may be subject to an additional branch profits tax equal to 30% or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable tax treaty on dividendsreceived that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.If nonU.S. holders are eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, such nonU.S. holders may obtain a refund ofany excess amounts withheld by filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.Sale or Other DispositionExcept as described below for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, any gain realized by a nonU.S. holder upon the saleor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:criminal liability in serious cases.According to the PRC Product Quality Law, consumers or other victims who suffer injury or property losses due to product defects may demand compensation fromthe manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the corresponding amount from the manufacturer if the manufactureris responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Relating to Consumer ProtectionThe principal legal provisions for the protection of consumer interests are set forth in the Law of the PRC on Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests, or theConsumer Protection Law, which was promulgated in October 1993 amended in October 2013. The Consumer Protection Law sets forth standards of behavior thatbusinesses must observe in their dealings with consumers.Violations of the Consumer Protection Law may result in the imposition of fines. In addition, the violating entity may be ordered to suspend its operations, and itsbusiness license may be revoked. There may also be criminal liability in serious cases.According to the Consumer Protection Law, if the legal rights and interests of a consumer are violated during the purchase or use of goods, the consumer may seekcompensation from the seller. If the manufacturer or an upstream distributor is responsible, after compensating the consumer, the seller may recover thecorresponding amount from the manufacturer or the upstream distributor. Consumers or other persons who suffer personal injury or property damages due todefects in products may seek compensation from the manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the correspondingamount from the manufacturer if the manufacturer is responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Related to TrademarksThe PRC Trademark Law, adopted in 1982 and revised in 2001 and 2013, protects the proprietary rights to registered trademarks. The Trademark Office under theState Administration of Industry and Commerce handles trademark registration and grants a term of ten years to registered trademarks and another ten years totrademarks as requested upon expiry of the prior term. Trademark license agreements and transfer agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record.37Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Environmental MattersOur facilities are subject to various governmental regulations related to environmental protection. We use a myriad of chemicals in our operations and produceemissions that could pose environmental risks. Our manufacturing facilities are subject to various pollution control regulations with respect to noise, water and airpollution and the disposal of waste and hazardous materials, including, China’s Environmental Protection Law, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Appraisingof Environment Impacts, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of AirPollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution, and China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of NoisePollution. We are subject to periodic inspections by local environmental protection authorities.We did not incur material costs in environmental compliance in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016. We believe we are in material compliance with the relevant PRCenvironmental laws and regulations. We are not currently subject to any pending actions alleging any violations of applicable PRC environmental laws.Regulations Related to EmploymentThe PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law require that employers must execute written employment contracts with fulltime employees. All employers mustcompensate their employees with wages equal to at least the local minimum wage standards. Violations of the PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law may resultin the imposition of fines and other administrative sanctions, and serious violations may constitute criminal offences.On December 28, 2012, the PRC Labor Contract Law was amended with effect on July 1, 2013 to impose more stringent requirements on labor dispatch. Under suchlaw, dispatched workers are entitled to pay equal to that of fulltime employees for equal work, but the number of dispatched workers that an employer hires may notexceed a certain percentage of its total number of employees as determined by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Additionally, dispatchedworkers are only permitted to engage in temporary, auxiliary or substitute work. According to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch promulgated by theMinistry of Human Resources and Social Security on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014, the number of dispatched workers hired by anemployer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees (including both directly hired employees and dispatched workers). The Interim Provisions onLabor Dispatch require employers not in compliance with the PRC Labor Contract Law in this regard to reduce the number of its dispatched workers to below 10% ofthe total number of its employees prior to March 1, 2016.Enterprises in China are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in certain employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pensionplan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a workrelated injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund,and contribute to the plans or funds in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of the employees as specified by thelocal government from time to time at locations where they operate their businesses or where they are located. The enterprise may be ordered to pay the full amountwithin a deadline if it fails to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans and may be subject to fines and other administrative sanctions.Regulations Relating to Foreign ExchangeRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued by theState Administration of Foreign Exchange and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade andservice payments, payment of interest and dividends can be made without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange by following theappropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRCfor the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange or its local office.38Table of ContentsOn February 13, 2015, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency ManagementPolicy on Direct Investment, effective from June 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign directinvestment and overseas direct investment from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for thepurpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed with qualified banks, which, under the supervision of the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to this Circular, a foreigninvested enterprise may,according to its actual business needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchangebureau has confirmed monetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the timebeing, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shalltruthfully use its capital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equityinvestment with the amount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open acorresponding Account for Foreign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of theState Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts waspromulgated and became effective on June 9, 2016. According to this Circular, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreigncurrency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionary basis. This Circular provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items(including but not limited to foreign currency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. ThisCircular reiterates the principle that Renminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposesbeyond its business scope and may not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guaranteethe principal within the PRC unless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless itis within the business scope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration andOptimizing Genuineness and Compliance Verification, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits fromdomestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution,original copies of tax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses beforeremitting any profits. Moreover, pursuant to this Circular, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provideboard resolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and RoundtripInvestment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Issues Concerning the Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore SpecialPurpose Vehicles, to regulate foreign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investmentand financing or conduct round trip investment in China. Circular 37 defines a “special purpose vehicle” as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly orindirectly, by PRC residents or entities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets orinterests, while “round trip investment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through special purpose vehicles, namely, establishingforeigninvested enterprises to obtain the ownership, control rights and management rights. Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into a specialpurpose vehicle, PRC residents or entities be required to complete foreign exchange registration with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranch. In addition, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the ForeignExchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015, requiring PRC residents or entities toregister with qualified banks rather than the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.39Table of ContentsPRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to special purpose vehicles but had not obtained registration asrequired before the implementation of the Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the special purpose vehicles with qualified banks. Anamendment to the registration is required if there is a material change with respect to the special purpose vehicle registered, such as any change of basic information(including change of the PRC residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers ordivisions. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclosecontrollers of the foreigninvested enterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchangeactivities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, sharetransfer or liquidation, to its offshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities topenalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating toinvestments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our abilityto inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic IndividualsParticipating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issuedby the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in March 2007. Pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residentsparticipating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted company are required to register with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents must conduct the registration and other procedures withrespect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of the overseas publicly listed company or another qualifiedinstitution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevant registration should there be any material change to thestock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of the PRC residents who have the right to exercise the employeestock options, apply to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreign currencies in connectionwith the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the sale of shares under thestock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRC opened by the PRCagents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.We have adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we will have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We haveadvised the recipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.However, we cannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock IncentivePlan Notice. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plansmay subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016, respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014, respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our Marshall Islands holding company may rely on dividend paymentsfrom Hongri PRC, which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on theability of our other PRC subsidiaries to make remittance to Hongri PRC and on the ability of Hongri PRC to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cashgenerated by the operations of those entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We rely to a significant extent on dividends and otherdistributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiary to fund offshore cash and financing requirements.”40Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Overseas ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the StateOwned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective onSeptember 8, 2006 and was amended on June 22, 2009. These regulations, among other things, require that (i) PRC entities or individuals obtain approval from theMinistry of Commerce before they establish or control a special purpose vehicle overseas, provided that they intend to use the special purpose vehicle to acquiretheir equity interests in a PRC company at the consideration of newly issued share of the special purpose vehicle, or Share Swap, and list their equity interests in thePRC company overseas by listing the special purpose vehicle in an overseas market; (ii) the special purpose vehicle obtains approval from the Ministry ofCommerce before it acquires the equity interests held by the PRC entities or PRC individual in the PRC company by Share Swap; and (iii) the special purpose vehicleobtains China Securities Regulatory Commission approval before it lists overseas. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The approval ofthe China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with this offering under a PRC regulation. The regulation also establishes more complexprocedures for acquisitions conducted by foreign investors that could make it more difficult for us to grow through acquisitions.”Regulations Relating to TaxationDividend Withholding TaxIn March 2007, the National People’s Congress enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law which became effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on February 24,2017. According to Enterprise Income Tax Law, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a foreigninvested enterprise in China to its foreignenterprise investors are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that providesfor a preferential withholding arrangement. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Negotiated Reduction of Dividends and Interest Rates,issued on January 29, 2008 and supplemented and revised on February 29, 2008, and the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, which became effective onDecember 8, 2006 and applicable to income derived in any year of assessment commencing on or after April 1, 2007 in Hong Kong and in any year commencing on orafter January 1, 2007 in the PRC, such withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong enterprise is deemed the beneficial owner of any dividend paid by aPRC subsidiary by PRC tax authorities and holds at least 25% of the equity interest in that particular PRC subsidiary at all times within the 12month periodimmediately prior to the distribution of the dividends. Furthermore, pursuant to the Announcement on Issues concerning “Beneficial Owners” in Tax Treaties issuedon February 3, 2018 by the State Administration of Taxation, when determining the status of “beneficial owners,” a comprehensive analysis may be conductedthrough materials such as articles of association, financial statements, records of capital flows, minutes of board of directors, resolutions of board of directors,allocation of manpower and material resources, the relevant expenses, functions and risk assumption, loan contracts, royalty contracts or transfer contracts, patentregistration certificates and copyright certificates, etc. However, even if an applicant has the status as a “beneficiary owner,” if the competent tax authority findsnecessity to apply the principal purpose test clause in the tax treaties or the general antitax avoidance rules stipulated in domestic tax laws, the general antitaxavoidance provisions shall apply.Enterprise Income TaxIn December 2007, the State Council promulgated the Implementing Rules of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008. TheEnterprise Income Tax Law and its relevant implementing rules (i) impose a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate, which is applicable to both foreigninvestedenterprises and domestic enterprises (ii) permits companies to continue to enjoy their existing tax incentives, subject to certain transitional phaseout rules and(iii) introduces new tax incentives, subject to various qualification criteria.41Table of ContentsThe Enterprise Income Tax Law also provides that enterprises organized under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies”located within China may be considered PRC resident enterprises and therefore be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwideincome. The implementing rules further define the term “de facto management body” as the management body that exercises substantial and overall managementand control over the production and operations, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. If an enterprise organized under the laws of jurisdictionoutside China is considered a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, itwould be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. Second, a 10% withholding tax would be imposed on dividends itpays to its nonPRC enterprise shareholders and with respect to gains derived by its nonPRC enterprise shareholders from transfer of its shares.On October 17, 2017, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Bulletin on Issues Concerning the Withholding of NonPRC Resident Enterprise Income Tax atSource, or Bulletin 37, which replaced the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by NonPRC Resident Enterprisesissued by the State Administration of Taxation on December 10, 2009, and partially replaced and supplemented rules under the Bulletin on Issues of EnterpriseIncome Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by NonPRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7, issued by the State Administration of Taxation on February 3, 2015.Under Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by nonPRC resident enterprises may be recharacterizedand treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose ofavoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. In respect of anindirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the relevant gain is to be regarded as effectively connected with the PRC establishment and thereforeincluded in its enterprise income tax filing, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relatesto the immoveable properties in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not effectively connected to a PRC establishment of a nonresident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax at 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similararrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Pursuant to Bulletin 37, the withholding party shalldeclare and pay the withheld tax to the competent tax authority in the place where such withholding party is located within seven days from the date of occurrenceof the withholding obligation. Both Bulletin 37 and Bulletin 7 do not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange wheresuch shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We and our existingshareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a Chinese establishmentof a nonChinese company, or immovable properties located in China owned by nonChinese companies.”ValueAdded TaxIn November 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Pilot Plan for Imposition of ValueAdded Tax to ReplaceBusiness Tax. In March 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation further promulgated the Notice on Fully Promoting the Pilot Plan forReplacing Business Tax by ValueAdded Tax. Pursuant to this Pilot Plan and the relevant notice, value added tax at a rate of 6% is generally imposed, on anationwide basis, on the revenue generated from the provision of service in lieu of business tax in the modern service industries. Value added tax of a rate of 6%applies to revenue derived from the provision of some modern services. Unlike business tax, a taxpayer is allowed to offset the qualified input value added tax paidon taxable purchases against the output value added tax chargeable on the modern services provided.C.Organizational StructureSee “—A. History and Development of the Company—Corporate Structure” above for details of our current organizational structure.42Table of ContentsD.Property, Plants and EquipmentOur company has established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31,2018, this network was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, our company’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The facilityhas a production capacity of 2 million pieces per year and we move in upon the completion of phase 2 in year 2015. By relocating from the coastal area to AnhuiProvince, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a more stable labor supply. We manufacture a variety of menswear products, including, jeans,shirts, suits and socks. Because of its variety and complexity in the production process, these products require special sewing machines and workmanship, whichwe currently do not possess. As a result, the Company is not yet able to produce KBS branded products and has outsourced its KBS branded productmanufacturing to other established ODM and OEM manufacturers in the Fujian and Zhejiang regions. The Company has completed the second phase constructionof its new factory at the end of 2014. The second phase has an annual production capacity of 5 million pieces subject to our purchasing additional equipment.Currently Anhui factory mainly produces OEM orders and some international orders.Our production facility consists of total 110,557 square meters of land. We obtained a portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square metersand 2,440 square meters in May 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildingsand offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need foradditional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of landhas been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Oncethe construction of the new production facilities is completed, our total production capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year fromthe current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.In 2016, we closed 1 corporate store and as of December 31, 2018, we leased the premises for our sole remaining corporate store. We have undertaken variousmeasures to verify the lessees’ rights to the property leased to us in respect of its stores. In China, all land is owned by the State or other governmental bodies, and“ownership” is generally evidenced by a land use rights certificate. We rent some stores that were located in rural areas where land use rights are held collectivelyby villages and records regarding the ownership of land use rights are frequently not kept. In these cases, the company has confirmed our ability to lease the storesthrough communications with village authorities, and has reviewed electricity and water bills to confirm utilities are being paid by the parties leasing the premises tous. Based on the results of these efforts, we believe the risk of third party claims against our leases of these stores is relatively small and the measures taken by ourcompany are sufficient to verify the land use rights for all of its stores.In addition, the property used as our head office and corporate store is leased from a related party, whose ownership of the property has been verified by ourcompany. We paid a total of RMB720,000, RMB 720,000, and RMB 720,000, as rental fees for the existing corporate stores during the fiscal years 2016, 2017 and 2018,respectively. The total area of these 2 corporate stores is 158 square meters. The sales of each store and its location are shown below:AreaSales in fiscalyear 2016(USD)Sales in fiscalyear 2017(USD)Sales in fiscalyear2018(USD)Shishi factory1,240,354.74772,299691,431Quanzhou Dayang (closed in 2016)470,280.90Total:1,710,635.64772,299691,43143Table of ContentsITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot required.ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSWe are engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of casual menswear in China, including apparel and accessories, which we market under the KBSbrand. The KBS brand was developed in 2006. Before 2012, we were engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of fashion sportswear in China. Sinceour products feature a unique and stylish design that is more fashionable than traditional sportswear, as well as quality fabrics and materials and the sportswearmarket was becoming more and more competitive, in late 2011 we turned our focus on casual menswear market which has higher profit margin. KBS’s apparelproducts include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, Jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, belts and caps. In 2016, the suggestedretail prices of KBS’s products ranged from RMB199 to RMB1,499 for its apparel products and RMB15 to RMB899 for its accessory products. KBS holds newproducts launch events twice every year, one in spring and the other in autumn. Since 2006, we have launched about 1,500,536 collections of new products eachyear with a different theme to highlight the current trends for the season. KBS’s marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese.” KBS’scustomers are male middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range, primarily located in tier two and tier three cities in China. The company has adopted “KBS” as auniform brand name, which stands for “Keep Best Style”, and KBS are designed by us for a uniform look and feel that fits our brand image, with instore displaysthat accentuate the quality and style of our products across all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. We believe that the KBSbrand has become a recognized brand name in the cities where their products are sold.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors. Thenumber of stores grew significantly from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006 to 31 corporate stores as of December 31, 2012 and 96franchised stores as of December 31, 2013, and decreased to 84 stores as of December 31, 2014. Because of the recent softening of economic growing in China andfierce competition from our competitors, online store sales of franchised stores and corporate stores went down in 2015 as compared with the previous year. In 2017and 2018, the distributors closed 15 and 8 franchised stores, respectively, and we closed 1 corporate store in year 2016. We generate more revenues from OEM in2018 and intend to generate more in OEM and target area from acquisitions.KBS also acts as an original design manufacturer, or ODM, upon request. Income from such services accounted for 14%, 7.3% and 9% of revenue for the yearsended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, KBS’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The company believesthat the shortage of labor and rising wage expectations in China, especially in the coastal area, could have a material impact on our operations as well as itssuppliers’ cost of manufacturing. By relocating from the coastal area to inland Anhui Province, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a morestable labor supply. Since the company’s original production team was not ready to produce the new style KBS products, KBS has outsourced its productmanufacturing to other established ODM manufacturers. As such, KBS’s own production facility in Taihu mainly takes OEM orders from other sportswearcompanies, like Xtep. Our production facility in Taihu, Anhui Province includes three parcels of land with a total area of 110,557 square meters. We have obtainedland use rights for two parcels of land with an area of 9,845 square meters in 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction ofthe adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire theland use right of the third parcel of land. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 can be continued. Once completed, our totalproduction capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year. We do not necessarilyrely on our own production facility to satisfy the demand of our products as we may outsource some or all of the production work to various ODM and OEMmanufacturers in China.44Table of ContentsA.Principal Factors Affecting Financial PerformanceOur operating results are primarily affected by the following factors:●Growth of China’s menswear industry. With approximately onefifth of the world’s population and a fastgrowing gross domestic product, Chinarepresents a significant growth opportunity for a wide variety of retail goods, including apparel. The enhanced living standards and increased disposableincome that has resulted from the vibrant economic growth has driven the rapid development of the men’s apparel market in China in recent years. China iscurrently one of the world’s largest men’s apparel markets. As a leading provider of casual menswear in China, we believe we are well positioned tocapitalize on the favorable economic, demographic and industry trends in this sector.●Brand recognition. We derive all of our revenues from sales of the KBS branded products in China, and our success depends on the market perceptionand acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture, lifestyle and images associated with this brand. Market acceptance of our brand may affect the sellingprices and market demand for our products, the profit margin of us can achieve, and our ability to grow.●Ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network. The ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in terms of floor area in our salesnetwork affects our results of operations in a given period. The franchised stores operated by our distributors have been and will continue to be the maincontributor to our revenue for the foreseeable future. Under the distribution business model, we sell directly to our distributors and recognize revenuesupon delivery of our products to them. Such distribution network has enabled us to accelerate sales growth at a much lower cost than opening direct storesand has limited our inventory and sales risks. Corporate stores operated by us, on the other hand, despite incurring more significant capital expenditures ascompared with franchised stores, allow us more control over our brand and the consumer’s shopping experience, which are important factors for the overallsuccess of our business. In addition, our corporate store sales generally have a higher gross profit margin than sales to distributors because we are able tosell the products at retail prices directly to the endconsumers and because we recognize expenses relating to our corporate stores as selling anddistribution expenses. Therefore, the ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network will affect our gross profit margin.●Product offering and pricing. Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define menswear trends as well as to anticipate, gauge andreact to changing consumer demands for menswear in a timely manner. Most of our products are subject to changing consumer preferences and fashiontrends that cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumer acceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, andour future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes.●Fluctuations in raw material supply and prices. The per unit cost of producing our products depends on the supply and price of raw materials,particularly fabrics such as cotton, wool and polyester, which have experienced volatility in past years. Increases in the price of raw materials wouldnegatively impact our gross margins if we are not able to offset such price increases through increases in our selling price or changes in product offeringsand mix.Financial Statement PresentationRevenue. During the periods covered by this section, we generated revenue from sales of our menswear products.45Table of ContentsCost of sales. During the periods covered by this section, our cost of sales primarily consisted of the costs of our outsourcing cost, raw materials, labor andoverhead. We did not have any inward or outward freight charges as these charges are borne by our distributors and suppliers.Gross profit and gross margin. For the periods covered by this section, our gross profit is equal to the difference between our net sales and cost of sales. Our grossmargin is equal to the gross profit divided by net sales. Our gross margin may not be comparable to those of other retail entities since some retail entities include allof their distribution network costs in cost of sales and others, like us, include these expenses in another statement of operations line item.Administrative expenses. For the periods covered by this section, general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to ourgeneral management, finance and administrative staff, professional advisor fees, audit fees and other expenses incurred in connection with general operations.Selling expenses. For the periods covered by this section, our selling and marketing expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to our sales andmarketing staff, store rent, business travel, coordination with distributor marketing and promotions, transportation costs and other sales related costs.Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, both in U.S. dollars and as apercentage of or revenue.Year endedDecember 31, 2018Year ended December 31, 2017Year ended December 31, 2016Amount% of SalesAmount% of SalesAmount% of SalesRevenue18,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales20,851,252112%35,274,352148%39,041,93295%Gross (loss)/profit2,316,13712%11,511,81648%2,158,2725%Operating expensesDistribution and selling expenses2,670,95514%3,265,38014%3,606,0109%Administrative expenses4,907,02026%4,879,39721%3,543,9939%Total operating expenses7,577,97541%8,144,77634%7,150,00317%Other income122,1391%461,5642%555,0511%Other gains and losses13,522,30073%122,2441%11,123,76727%Loss from operations23,294,273126%19,317,27281%15,560,44738%Finance costs96,4441%96,3850%71,7830%Change in fair value of warrant liabilities00%00%3,4090%Loss before tax23,390,717126%19,413,65782%15,628,82138%Income tax5,422,11929%4,598,06119%3,726,1339%Loss for the year17,968,59897%14,815,59662%11,902,68829%46Table of ContentsA breakdown of revenue, percentage of revenue and percentage of gross margin by segment for the respective periods is as follows:BybusinessDistribution networkCorporate storesOEMConsolidatedYear endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Sales toexternalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205% of Sales73%63%78%13%29%13%14%7%9%100%100%100%Segmentsgrossmargins2,245,9442,277,8586,623,6175,402,99414,291,6805,727,349845,700502,0071,262,0052,316,13611,511,8162,158,273Grossmarginrate17%15%21%227%205%104%33%29%36%12%48%5%Segment salesFor the year ended December 31, 2018, total revenue decreased by 22% from $23.8 million in 2017 to $18.5 million. Our total revenue of 2017 decreased by 33% from$41.2 million to $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company reports financial and operating results in three segments: distributor network,corporate stores and OEM.Distributor Network —Revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2018 decreased by 10% from $15 million in 2017 to $13 million primarily due to adecrease in sales volume. There was a decrease of revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2017 by 53% from $32.1 million in year 2016 primarily dueto a decrease in sales volume. The distributor segment accounted for 73% of the total revenue in 2018, compared to 63% and 78% during years 2017 and 2016,respectively.In year 2018, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network increased to 17% from 15% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price of newproducts. The sales went down in year 2018 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstockduring previous periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.47Table of ContentsIn year 2017, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network decreased to 15% from 21% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price, and thesales went down in year 2017 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstock duringprevious periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.The Company’s distributor network currently consists of 11 distributors in 12 provinces. Most of these distributors, either directly or through their subdistributors,operate KBSbranded stores. Some wholesale distributors sold the products to multibranded stores and online stores. As of December 31, 2018, distributorsoperated a total of 32 KBSbranded stores, primarily in second and third tier cities. KBS products distributed to the fourth and fifth tier cities are primarily sold inmultibranded department stores.Corporate Stores — Total revenue from corporate store sale for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $6.98 million for year 2017. In 2018 sales fromcorporate store decreased as compared to 2017 due to a decrease in promotion sales of repurchased inventory from certain distributors which are unable to pay offthe debts owed to us.Total revenue from corporate store sales for fiscal year 2017 was $6.98 million, compared to $5.53 million for year 2016. In 2017 sales from corporate stores increasedas compared to 2016 due to an increase in sales volume, which in turn was mainly attributable to the increase in promotion sales on repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors which are unable to pay off the debts owed to us.As of December 31, 2018, we operated 1 corporate store which located in Fujian. Total revenue from corporate store sales of 2018 decreased as compared to 2017because of the decrease the promotion sales of repurchased inventory.The corporate store segment contributed 14% of total revenue in 2018, compared to 29% of 2017 and 13% of 2016. Gross profit margin for the Company’s corporatestore was 232% in 2018, compared to 205% in 2017 and 104% in 2016. The margin compression from 2016 to 2018 is primarily due to: 1) close of 1 corporate store in2016 and the sale of its inventory at a lower price; 2) reduction of sale price of our goods in corporate stores to stimulate sales; 3) loss from sales of repurchasedinventory from certain distributors which sold at big discounted price in year 2017 and year 2018.OEM — The OEM segment is comprised of products that are designed by the customers but manufactured by us. Revenue from the OEM segment increased by$0.83 million to $2.57 million for year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017. Gross profit margin increased to 33%from 29% of year 2017. Revenue from the OEM segment decreased by $1.79 million to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $3.53 million foryear ended December 31, 2016. Gross profit margin decreased to 29% from 36% of year 2016. Our revenues from sales of OEM represented 14%, 9% and 9%,respectively of our total revenues for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.Cost of sales and gross profit rateCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for production purpose,outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges and water and electricity.Our cost of sales decreased from $35 million in year 2017 to $21 million in year 2018. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017.The gross profit rate increased from 48% in year 2017 to 12% in year 2018 due to 1) a decrease in the number of promotion sales in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, whichcaused a loss at RMB 40 million; 2) the higher price of updated new products and improvement of products quality; 3) higher profit margin of OEM segments due tolower amortized fixed fees from big orders from certain customers. In order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continuedoperation, we decided to continue to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors in 2018 and thereafter.48Table of ContentsOur cost of sales decreased from $39 million in year 2016 to $35 million in year 2017. The decrease was consistent with the decrease in our revenue, which resulted ina decrease in purchases by $7 million. The decrease in purchases was mainly due to a challenging retail environment and close of some stores.The gross profit rate decreased from 5% in year 2016 to 48% in year 2017 due to 1) a decrease in the number of our franchised stores from 55 as of December 31,2016 to 40 as of December 31, 2017; 2) in order to make more fair and friendly business environment for our all distributors, we adjusted our price policy to havesame price to our district distributors and province distributors in 2017, the price sell to the district distributor is lower than before. 3) a slowdown in demand inmenswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and our distributors faceddifficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 141.42 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million. Although we are not contractually obligated to buy back the excessiveinventory from any our distributors, in order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continued operation, we decided to do same in2017 to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors and we may implement similar plans in the following years.Administrative expensesAdministrative expenses increased by $0.02 million or 1% to $4.9 million for year 2018 from $4.88 million for 2017. The change was mainly due to the decrease ofoutsourcing design expense and the increase of the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Administrative expenses increased by $1.34 million or 37% to $4.88 million for year 2017 from $3.54 million for 2016. The increase was mainly due to the increase indesign staff expenses and the increase attributable to the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Distribution and selling expensesThe selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.59 million or 18% to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $ 3.2 million in 2017, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expense, products promotion expenses and entertainment expenses.The selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.34 million or 9.45% to $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $ 3.6 million in 2016, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expenses and promotion expense of products including placement order meeting expense.The advertisement expenses of 2018, 2017 and 2016 are relatively even and selling expenses accounted for 6.6%, 7.5% and 9% for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Other gains and lossesOther gains and losses increased by $13.4 million, or 10,875%, to $13.52 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $0.12 million for year 2017. The increasewas mainly due to the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value.Other gains and losses decreased by $11 million, or 98.9%, to $0.12 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $11.1 million for year 2016. The decrease wasmainly due to the fact that there was no additional provision on bad debts from three clients as in 2016.Profit for the yearWe had a loss of $18 million in 2018 as compared to a loss of $14.81 million for 2017, representing a decrease of profit of $3 million or 21%. Net margin was 97% forthe year ended December 31, 2018, compared to 62% for the year ended December 31, 2017.49Table of ContentsWe had a loss of $14.81 million in 2017 as compared to a loss of $11.9 million for 2016, representing a decrease of profit of $2.91 million or 25%. Net margin was 62%for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 29% for the year ended December 31, 2016.Profit for the year decreased from 2018 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons:(1)the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value (2) thedistribution and selling expenses decreased to a small portion of total revenue and the revenue also decreased compared to year ended December 31, 2017; (3) aslowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brands, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling products and paying back the balance owed to us. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 40 million.Profit for the year decreased from 2016 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons: (1) the administrative expenses increased to a large portion of total revenue; and(2) slowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 141.42 millionfrom certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million.B.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesAs of December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $21,026,103. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and cash in the banks. Webelieve that our current levels of cash and cash equivalent and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next12 months. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through net cash flow from operations. Our cash flows are driven by key performance indicatorsincluding the number of orders placed by distributors, number of outlets that each distributor operates the pricing of our products, sales of our corporate stores, andthe collect portion of account receivable. Currently there is only minimal cash held by offshore subsidiaries and there is no need for these subsidiaries to transfercash to Hongri PRC.The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this report:Fiscal Year Ended December 31201820172016Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(3,703,354)$1,922,252$3,194,287Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities52,932(865,365)45,445Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(3,907,291)(39,024)4,919,241Effects of exchange rate change in cash(1,117,062)1,513,138(1,556,980)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080Cash and cash equivalent at end of the period$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,34150Table of ContentsOperating ActivitiesThe net cash provided by operating activities consists of profit before tax, as adjusted by finance costs, change in fair value of warrant liabilities, interest income,shared based compensation, bad debt allowance, depreciation of property, plant and equipment, amortization of prepaid lease payment and trademark, amortizationof subsidies prepaid to distributors, amortization of prepayment and premiums under operating leases, provision(Reversal) of inventory obsolescence, provision ofimpairment loss in prepayments, loss(gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment, deferred income tax, which include trade and other receivables, prepaymentand deferred expenses, inventory, trade and other payables.Net cash used in operating activities in fiscal year 2018 was $3.7 million, compared with net cash provided by operating activities of $1.9 million in the year endedDecember 31, 2017. The change is mainly due to the increase of provision of Anhui property and the increase of deferred tax due to the loss of fiscal year 2018.Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.9 million, compared with $3.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2016. The change is mainlydue to the decrease in the amount of collection of account receivable.Investing ActivitiesNet cash provided by investing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.05 million, compared with $0.8 million net cash used in investing activities in 2017. The net cashprovided in investing activities in 2018 was interest received from our bank deposits.Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $0.8 million, compared with $0.04 million net cash provided by investing activities in 2016. The net cashused in investing activities in 2017 was to purchase fire protection facility.Financing ActivitiesNet cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.26 million, compared with $1.1 million net cash used in financing activities in 2017. It mainly consistedof repayment of bank loans in 2018.Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.1 million, compared with $1.68 million net cash provided by financing activities in 2016. It mainlyconsisted of interests paid for our bank loans.Loans, Other Commitments, ContingenciesAs of December 31, 2018, we had bank loans in an amount of $1,092,785. We may, however, in the future, require additional cash resources due to changing businessconditions, implementation of our strategy to expand our business or other investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our own financial resources areinsufficient to satisfy the capital requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain additional credit facilities. The sale of additionalequity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require usto agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overallbusiness prospects.C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.Our industry is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and changing customer demands. These conditions require continuousexpenditures on product research and development to enhance existing products create new products and avoid product obsolescence. See Item 3 “Key Information—D. Risk Factors—If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected,” —“Ifwe are unable to keep pace with the rapid technological changes in our industry, demand for our products and services could decline which would adversely affectour revenue,” and —“Our technology may become obsolete which could materially adversely affect our ability to sell our products and services.” For a detailedanalysis of research and development costs, see Item 5.A. “Operating Results—Results of Operations—Research and development expenses”.D.Trend InformationOther than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that wouldcause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.E.Off Balance Sheet ArrangementsWe do not have any off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes infinancial condition, sales or expenses, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures, or capital resources that are material to an investment in our securities.51Table of ContentsF.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual ObligationsThe table below shows our material contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018.Payments Due by PeriodLess than1 year13 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsContractual ObligationsConstruction Obligations$64,088,236Operating Lease Obligations$78,532146,7052,225,030Total$64,166,768146,7052,225,030Anhui Factory Construction ContractOn November 20, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party for the construction of a new plant with a total size of 110,557 square meters, atTaihu City, Anhui at a consideration of RMB 690 million (equivalent to approximately $104 million). This is the frame contract for the construction of Anhui factoryand round estimation. By December 31, 2016 we had already paid about $37.75 million in total on the phase 1, 2, 3 of construction based on detailed phase contractand the balance of construction cost of the Anui factory need to be determined based on the ontime budget on every phase. The majority of funds for constructionexpenses came from the cash balance on the account as of December 31, 2018 and the new profit of following year.Anhui Land Use Right Acquisition ContractOn September 2, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party to acquire a land use right in relation to the development of factories in Taihu City,Anhui Province, at a total consideration of RMB 43 million (approximately $6.3 million). Full consideration was paid in September 2010. There are three parts of theland. The Company has obtained land use rights certificates for the first parcel of land with 7,405 square meters on March 19, 2012, and the second parcel of landwith 2,440 square meters on May 26, 2012. The Company is currently in the process of obtaining the land use right certificate for the third parcel of the land with100,712 square meters.Except as set forth above, we have no other material longterm debt, capital or operating lease or fixed purchase obligations.InflationInflation and changing prices have not had a material effect on our business, and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect ourbusiness in the foreseeable future. However, our management will closely monitor price changes in the Chinese economy and the apparel industry and continuallymaintain effective cost controls in operations.52Table of ContentsSeasonalityOur business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal. Historically, we have realized more of our revenue and earnings in the fourth quarter, which includes themajority of the holiday shopping season, than in any other fiscal quarter.Critical Accounting PoliciesThe preparation of financial statements is in conformity with IFRS as issued by the IASB. It requires the Company’s management to make assumptions, estimatesand judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. The Company hasidentified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of Company’s financial statements. These accounting policies are important for anunderstanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of theCompany’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to makeestimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitivebecause of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly frommanagement’s current judgments. The Company believes the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in thepreparation of the Company’s financial statements.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects the considerationto which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled in exchange fortransferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that asignificant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration issubsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to the customerfor more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would be reflected in a separatefinancing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financing component which provides theCompany a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interest expense accreted on the contract liabilityunder the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services is oneyear or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component, using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of the goods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receiptsover the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.53Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with thedividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. Revenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer. Revenue from allabove categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of thetransaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered and title has passed.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting the deductible inputVAT of the period, is VAT payable.54Table of ContentsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial periodof time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use orsale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal government retirementbenefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fund their retirementbenefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal government takes responsibility for theretirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly, the only obligation of the Groupwith respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employment with the Group. There are no provisionsunder the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans are considered defined contribution plans. The Grouphas no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixed contributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pensionschemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service is performed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised inother comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Groupoperates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable taxregulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred taxassets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which thosedeductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or fromthe initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accountingprofit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able to control thereversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising fromdeductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profitsagainst which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.55Table of ContentsThe carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficienttaxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based ontax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assetsreflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carryingamount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when thedeferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities wherethere is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, inwhich case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arisesfrom the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.Store preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll and supplies.The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenses when occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases areclassified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes. Leaseholdimprovements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes other thanconstruction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful lives and aftertaking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction in progressis carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment whencompleted and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for theirintended use.56Table of ContentsAn item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of theasset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) isincluded in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.The Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights to use theland on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizable valuerepresents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fair valuethrough profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model formanaging them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the practicalexpedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus in the case of a financialasset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group hasapplied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance with the policies set out for “Revenue recognition(applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cash flowsthat are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established by regulation orconvention in the marketplace.57Subsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognised inthe income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversals arerecognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair value changes arerecognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive income is recycled to theincome statement.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under HKAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. The classification isdetermined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statement when theright of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and the amount of the dividendcan be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains arerecorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income are not subject to impairmentassessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value throughprofit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for thepurpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading unless they aredesignated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interest are classified and measured atfair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to be classified at amortised cost or at fairvalue through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition ifdoing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.58Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in theincome statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separate derivative if theeconomic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet thedefinition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changesin fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cashflows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between thecontractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the originaleffective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to thecontractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are providedfor credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been asignificant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespectiveof the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. When making theassessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on thefinancial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort,including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider afinancial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full beforetaking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering thecontractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the general approach andthey are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach as detailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured at anamount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets and for whichthe loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the loss allowance ismeasured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs59Simplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of asignificant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not track changes incredit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on itshistorical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt the simplifiedapproach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed from theGroup’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to what extent, ithas retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset nortransferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Groupalso recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that theGroup has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and the maximumamount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’sfinancial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.Subsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method unless theeffect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement when the liabilities arederecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.60Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantiallymodified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference between therespective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right tooffset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to the contractualprovisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financialassets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.The Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. Theeffective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of theeffective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, where appropriate, a shorter period tothe net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.61Table of ContentsReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including trade and otherreceivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment (seeaccounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a resultof one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have been affected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequently assessed forimpairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience of collecting payments,and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national or local economic conditions thatcorrelate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between the asset’scarrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.The carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables, where thecarrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized in profit or loss. When atrade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off arecredited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment losseswas recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset at the date theimpairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.G.Safe HarborSee “Introductory Notes—ForwardLooking Information.”62Table of ContentsITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEESA.Directors and Senior ManagementThe following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors and senior management, as well as employees upon whose work we are dependent, as ofthe date of this annual report.NAMEAGEPOSITIONKeyan Yan47Chairman and Chief Executive OfficerThemis Kalapotharakos44Executive DirectorLixiaTu37Chief Financial Officer and DirectorJohn Sano49Independent DirectorMatthew C. Los54Independent DirectorZhongmin Zhang76Independent DirectorYuet Mei Chan38Independent DirectorMr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has been the Chairman of our board of directors and Chief Executive Officer since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr.Yan has over 16 years of senior management experience. He served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of KBS International between March 2011 and August2014. From 1994 to present, Mr. Yan has served as general manager of Hongri PRC. Prior to joining us, Mr. Yan served as workshop manager, production managerand marketing manager of Zhenshi Knitting Factory in Shishi, China from 19891994. Mr. Yan obtained a certificate of corporate management from Xiamen Universityin 1992.Ms. Lixia Tu. Ms. Tu became the Company’s Chief Financial Officer on June 25, 2015. Ms. Tu has more than night years of accounting and audit experience, familiarwith IFRS, US GAAP, SarbanesOxley and the compliance requirements of SEC. After she worked as a project manager at BDO China Fu Jian SHU LUN PANCertified Public Accountants for four years, she worked as a CFO or a financial consultant for some other companies. Ms. Tu holds a Master’s degree inprofessional accounting from the University of Deakin in Australia. Ms. Tu is also a member of the Chartered Association of Certified Accountants.Mr. Themis Kalapotharakos. Mr. Kalapotharakos became our executive director on June 15, 2015. Mr. Kalapotharakos has acquired a range of expertise of a widespectrum of business activities. He has extensive highlevel experience at the Shipping, Trading and Finance industries where he has founded, developed andoperated various businesses starting from the ground up. His roles involved regular communication and coordination with investors, financial institutions, capitalmarket authorities, custodian and administrative banks, auditors and legal counsel. He holds a Bachelor’s degree from Cardiff University and an MSc Degree fromCass Business School in the UK.John Sano. Mr. Sano has been an independent director of the Company since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr. Sano has over 20 years ofexperience in apparel & home furnishings concept, design, sourcing, production, and ecommerce. He has extensive experience in all aspects of the retail clothingsupply chain, from conceptualization to final production and distribution. Mr. Sano has also advised and worked closely with numerous top brands in the US. Hehas been General Director of Sano Design Services since 2002. Mr. Sano has an associate’s degree in interior design from Traphagen School of Design.Mr. Matthew C. Los. Mr. Los became our director on October 8, 2015. Mr. Los has acquired a range of expertise of a wide spectrum of business activities. He hasover 20 years’ experience at high level management, and has founded, developed and operated various businesses in the shipping, energy, telecommunications realestate industries starting from the ground up. He also has experience in the capital markets and was the CEO of Aquasition Corp., the predecessor of the Company,prior to the Share Exchange. Mr. Los has a BSc in Mechanical Engineering and Computer Aided Design from University of Westminster in the UK.Mr. Zhongmin Zhang. Mr. Zhang became our director on July 10, 2017. He has over 45 years of extensive experience in many facets of textile business, including inproduction, marketing, and management. Currently, Mr. Zhang is the president of Zhengzhou Guangda Textile Printing & Dyeing Co., Ltd. which has an annualproduction of 216 million meters of various textile products, with a value of RMB 800 million. Holding a title of Senior Engineer, Mr. Zhang graduated from HarbinInstitute of Technology in 1965. He also has certificates in finance management and civil law.Mr. Yuet Mei Chan. Ms. Chan became our director on July 10, 2017. She has over 15 years of experience in the banking industry. She held several senior positions ina prestigious bank in Hong Kong from 20012016. She is currently a financial consultant at AIA and specializes in analyzing financial situations and market trends.Ms. Chan holds a diploma in Computing and Business Studies from Hong Kong St. Perth College.No family relationship exists between any of the persons named above.63Table of ContentsB.CompensationIn 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $207,268 in cash as compensation to our directors and senior management as a group, and some of our directors andexecutive officers also received compensation in the form of annual salaries and bonuses. We do not set aside or accrue any amounts for pension, retirement orother benefits for our directors and senior management. However, we reimburse our directors for outofpocket expenses incurred in connection with their services insuch capacity.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to our executive officers and directors as compensations for theirservices. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to the Company’s executiveofficers, directors and certain employees as compensations for their service. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.2018 Equity Incentive PlanOn December 24, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2018 Plan, pursuant to which the Company may offerup to two million shares of common stock as equity incentives to its directors, employees and consultants. Such number of shares is subject to adjustment in theevent of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, stock splits, stock dividends, or other change in the corporate structure of the Companyaffecting the shares issuable under the 2018 Plan. As of December 31, 2018, we have not granted any equity awards under the 2018 Plan.The following paragraphs summarize the terms of our 2018 Plan:Purpose. The purposes of the 2018 Plan are to promote the longterm growth and profitability of the Company and its affiliates by stimulating the efforts ofemployees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates who are selected to be participants, aligning the longterm interests of participants with thoseof shareholders, heightening the desire of participants to continue in working toward and contributing to our success, attracting and retaining the best availablepersonnel for positions of substantial responsibility, and generally providing additional incentive for them to promote the success of our business through the grantof awards of or pertaining to our common stock. The 2018 Plan permits the grant of ISOs, NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share AppreciationRights, Performance Units and Performance Shares as the administrator of the 2018 Plan may determine.Administration. The 2018 Plan is administered by our Board. The administrator has the authority to determine the specific terms and conditions of all awards grantedunder the 2018 Plan, including, without limitation, the number of shares of common stock subject to each award, the price to be paid for the shares and the applicablevesting criteria. The administrator has discretion to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2018 Plan.Eligibility. NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share Appreciation Rights, Performance Units and Performance Shares may be granted to employees,directors or consultants either alone or in combination with any other awards. ISOs may be granted only to employees of the Company, and of any parent orsubsidiary.Shares Available for Issuance Under the 2018 Plan. Subject to adjustment as described below, (a) the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issuedunder the 2018 Plan is 2,000,000 shares of common stock, (b) to the extent consistent with Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the“Code”), not more than an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of common stock may be issued under ISOs, and (c) not more than 200,000 shares of common stock (or forawards denominated in cash, the Fair Market Value of 200,000 shares of common stock on the Grant Date, as defined in the 2018 Plan), may be awarded to anyindividual participant in the aggregate in any one fiscal year of the Company, such limitation to be applied in a manner consistent with the requirements of, and onlyto the extent required for compliance with, the exclusion from the limitation on deductibility of compensation under Code Section 162(m). The number and class ofshares available under the 2018 Plan are subject to adjustment in the event of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, share splits, sharedividends, or other similar events which change the number or kind of shares outstanding.64Table of ContentsTransferability. Unless otherwise provided in the 2018 Plan or otherwise determined by the administrator, an award may not be sold, pledged, assigned,hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution and may be exercised, during the lifetime of theparticipant, only by the participant. However, the administrator may, at or after the grant of an award other than an ISO, provide that such award may be transferredby the recipient to a “family member” (as defined in the 2018 Plan); provided, however, that any such transfer is without payment of any consideration whatsoeverand that no transfer shall be valid unless first approved by the administrator, acting in its sole discretion, and as required by our Amended and Restated Articles ofIncorporation. If the administrator makes an award transferable, such award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the administrator deemsappropriate.Termination of, or Amendments to, the 2018 Plan. The Board may at any time amend, alter, suspend or terminate the 2018 Plan, provided that the Company willobtain shareholder approval of any 2018 Plan amendment to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with applicable Laws. No amendment, alteration,suspension or termination of the 2018 Plan will impair the rights of any participant, unless mutually agreed otherwise between the participant and the administrator,which agreement must be in writing and signed by the participant and the Company. Termination of the 2018 Plan will not affect the administrator’s ability to exercisethe powers granted to it hereunder with respect to awards granted prior to the date of such termination.The 2018 Plan will terminate five years following the date it was adopted by the Board, unless sooner terminated by the Board.Employment AgreementsPlease refer to Item 10 “Additional Information—C. Material Contracts.”C.Board PracticesOur board of directors currently consists of seven members, Keyan Yan, Lixia Tu, John Sano, Themis Kalapotharakos, Matthew C. Los, Yuet Mei Chan andZhongmin Zhang.The Board has established the Audit Committee, which is comprised entirely of independent directors. From time to time, the Board may establish other committees.Audit CommitteeOur Audit Committee is currently composed of three members: Yuet Mei Chan, John Sano and Matthew C. Los. Our Board of Directors determined that each memberof the Audit Committee meets the independence criteria prescribed by applicable regulation and the rules of the SEC for audit committee membership. Each AuditCommittee member also meets NASDAQ’s financial literacy requirements. Matthew C. Los serves as Chair of the Audit Committee.Our Board of Directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is the “audit committee financial expert” as such term is defined in Item 407(d) of Regulation SKpromulgated by the SEC and also meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements.The Audit Committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our Company. The Audit Committee isresponsible for, among other things:●the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the independent auditor;●reviewing and preapproving all auditing services and permissible nonaudit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed by theindependent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed relatedparty transactions;●discussing the interim and annual financial statements with management and our independent auditors;●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor (a) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls, (b) theCompany’s internal audit procedures, and (c) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, and managementreports thereon;65Table of Contents●reviewing reported violations of the Company’s code of conduct and business ethics; and●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor various topics and events that may have significant financial impact on theCompany or that are the subject of discussions between management and the independent auditors.D.EmployeesAs of December 31, 2018, we employed 370 fulltime employees. The following table sets forth the number of our fulltime employees by function. FunctionNumber ofEmployeesManagement and Administration28Marketing, Sales and Distribution18Design and Product Development20Production281Procurement, Warehousing and Logistics19Quality and Assurance7TOTAL370We believe that we have maintained a satisfactory working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any significant labor disputes or anydifficulty in recruiting staff for company’s operations. None of company’s employees is represented by a labor union.Our employees in China participate in a state pension plan organized by Chinese municipal and provincial governments. The company is required to make monthlycontributions to the plan for each employee at the rate of 23% of his or her average assessable salary. In addition, the company is required by Chinese law to coveremployees in China with various types of social insurance. The company believes that it is in material compliance with the relevant PRC laws.E.Share OwnershipThe following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of each class of our voting securities as of April 26, 2019 (i) by each person who is knownby us to beneficially own more than 5% of our voting securities; (ii) by each of our officers and directors; and (iii) by all of our officers and directors as a group.NameOffice, If AnyTitle of ClassAmount andNature ofBeneficialOwnership(1)Percent ofClass(2)Officers and DirectorsKeyan Yan(3)Chairman, CEO and PresidentCommon Stock964,32037.21%Lixia TuChief Financial Officer and DirectorCommon Stock60,0002.32%Themis KalapotharakosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%John SanoDirectorCommon Stock5,0000.19%Matthew C. LosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%Zhongmin ZhangDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%Yuet Mei ChanDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%All officers and directors as a group (7 personsnamed above)1,129,32043.58%5% Security HoldersKeyan Yan (3)Common Stock964,32037.21%Alliance Investment Management Limited(4)Common Stock195,488(4)7.54%*Less than 1%(1)Beneficial Ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Eachof the beneficial owners listed above has direct ownership of and sole voting power and investment power with respect to our common stock.66Table of Contents(2)As of April 26, 2019, a total of 2,591,299 shares of commons stock are considered to be outstanding pursuant to SEC Rule 13d3(d)(1). For each Beneficial Ownerabove, any securities that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days have been included in the denominator.(3)Includes 20,000 shares of common stock owned by Bizhen Chen, Mr. Yan’s wife.(4)Based solely on Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on August 8, 2018, in which Alliance Investment Management reported it has sole voting and dispositivepower with respect to 195,488 shares of our common stock. The address of the reporting person is 7 Belmont Road, Kingston, Jamaica.None of our existing shareholders has voting rights that differ from the voting rights of other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at asubsequent date, result in our change in control.ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSA.Major ShareholdersPlease refer to Item 6 “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.”B.Related Party TransactionsFrom time to time, KBS and its subsidiaries borrowed money from our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Keyan Yan, to pay for Company expenses. Theseamounts are interestfree, unsecured and repayable on demand. In years 2017 and 2016, Mr. Yan paid all the Company expenses in connection with the Company’sNasdaq continued listing and SEC reporting out of his pocket. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of these amounts we borrowed from Mr. Yan was$485,302 and $35,483, respectively.C.Interests of Experts and CounselNot applicable.ITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATIONA.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial InformationFinancial StatementsWe have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this report. See Item 18 “Financial Statements.”Legal Proceedings We may be subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our business from time to time. We are currently not party to anylegal or arbitration proceedings, including those relating to bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings and those involving any third party, which may have, orhave had in the recent past, significant effects on our financial position or profitability.Dividend PolicyTo date, we have not paid any cash dividends on our shares. As a Marshall Islands company, we may only declare and pay dividends except when the corporationis insolvent or would thereby be made insolvent or when the declaration or payment would be contrary to any restrictions contained in our Articles ofIncorporation. Dividends may be declared and paid out of surplus only; but in case there is no surplus, dividends may be declared or paid out of the net profits forthe fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and for the preceding fiscal year. We currently anticipate that we will retain any available funds to finance thegrowth and operation of our business and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our cash held in foreign countriesmay be subject to certain control limitations or repatriation requirements, limiting our ability to use this cash to pay dividends.67Table of ContentsB.Significant ChangesNo significant change has occurred since the date of our consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTINGA.Offer and Listing DetailsOur common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market and trade under the symbol “KBSF.” Between January 23, 2013 and November 3, 2014, our commonstock was traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “AQU.” Our Warrants and Units are quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “KBSFW”and “KBSFU”, respectively. Prior to November 3, 2014, our Warrants and Units were quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “AQUUF” and “AQUUU”,respectively. Before their quotation on the OTC Markets, our Units commenced to trade on the Nasdaq Stock Market on October 26, 2012 and our Warrantscommenced to trade separately from its Units on January 23, 2013.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.Approximate Number of Holders of Our SecuritiesOn April 26, 2019, there was 1 holder of record of our Units, 359 shareholders of record of our common stock and 1 holder of record of our Warrants. Certain of oursecurities are held in nominee or street name so the actual number of beneficial owners of our securities is greater than the number of record holders set forth above.B.Plan of DistributionNot applicable.C.MarketsSee our disclosures above under “A. Offer and Listing Details.”D.Selling ShareholdersNot applicable. E.DilutionNot applicable.F.Expenses of the IssueNot applicable.68Table of ContentsITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONA.Share CapitalOur Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation authorize the Company to issue up to 155,000,000 shares with a par value of $0.0001, consisting of 150,000,000shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of date of this report, there are 2,591,299 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Wehave never issued any preferred stock.●As of date of this report, we have 717 IPO Units outstanding.●As of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding (including 369,302 IPO Warrants and 24,534 Placement Warrants), each warrant entitles theholder to purchase one share of common stock at a purchase price of $172.5.B.Memorandum and Articles of AssociationThe following represents a summary of certain key provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. The summary does not purport to be a summary of allof the provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. For more complete information you should read our amended and restated articles ofincorporation and bylaws, each listed as an exhibit to this report.We were incorporated in the Marshall Islands on January 26, 2012 under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BCA”). The purpose of the Company isto engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may now or hereafter be organized under the BCA. Our amended and restated articles of incorporationand bylaws do not impose any limitations on the ownership rights of our stockholders.Description of Common StockEach outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Upon our dissolution, liquidation orwinding up of the affairs of the Company, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidationpreferences, if any, the holders or our common stock will be entitled to receive pro rata our remaining assets available for distribution. Holders of common stock donot have conversion, redemption or preemptive rights to subscribe to any of our securities.Blank Check Preferred Stock.Our Board of Directors is authorized, without any further vote or action by our stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in different classesand series and, with respect to each class or series, to determine the designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights,conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the powers and rights associated with the common stock,at such times and on such other terms as they think proper. Our Board of Directors may issue shares of preferred stock on terms calculated to discourage, delay orprevent a change of control of our company or the removal of our management.WarrantsAs of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding, among which 369,302 warrants were issued to the public in our IPO (the “IPO Warrants”). Each ofthe IPO Warrants entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.5 expiring on July 31, 2019, provided that there is an effectiveregistration statement covering the shares of common stock underlying the IPO Warrants.69Table of ContentsThe Company may redeem the IPO Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon 30 days’ notice, after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, only inthe event that the last sale price of the shares of common stock is at least $17.50 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30trading day period (“30Day TradingPeriod”) ending three business days prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is a current registration statement in effect with respectto the shares of common stock underlying such IPO Warrants throughout the 30day redemption period. The Company is only required to use its best efforts tomaintain the effectiveness of the registration statement covering the underlying common stock of the IPO Warrants. There are no contractual penalties for failure todeliver securities if a registration statement is not effective at the time of exercise. Additionally, in the event that a registration statement is not effective at the time ofexercise, the holder of such warrant shall not be entitled to exercise such warrant for cash and in no event (whether in the case of a registration statement not beingeffective or otherwise) will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrant exercise.In addition, Aqua Investments Corp., an entity controlled by certain founding shareholders of the Company, acquired 24,534 warrants, each entitles the holder topurchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50, expiring on July 31, 2019 (the “Placement Warrants”). The Placement Warrants are identical to the IPOWarrants except that the Placement Warrants (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis; (ii) will not be redeemable by the Company and (ii) may beexercised even if there is not an effective registration statement relating to the shares underlying the warrants, so long as they are held by the initial purchaser orany of its permitted transferees.As of date of this report, we also have 717 IPO Units outstanding and publicly trading, each including one IPO Warrant and one share of our common stock.DirectorsThe business and affairs of the Company are managed by or under the direction of our Board of Directors.Our directors are elected by the holders of the shares representing a majority of the total voting power of the thenoutstanding capital stock of the Company entitledto vote generally in the election of directors (“Voting Stock”). Our amended and restated articles of incorporation provide that cumulative voting shall not be used toelect directors. Each director will be elected to serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his/her successor shall have been duly elected andqualified, except in the event of his/her death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of his/her term of office.Any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of thetotal voting power of the Voting Stock entitled to vote thereon or with cause by directors constituting at least twothirds of the entire Board.Vacancies in the Board of Directors occurring by death, resignation, the creation of new directorships, the failure of the shareholders to elect the whole board at anyannual election of directors, or, except as herein provided, for any other reason, including removal of directors for cause, may be filled either by the affirmative voteof a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, at any special meeting called for that purpose or at any regular meeting of theBoard. Vacancies occurring by removal of directors without cause may be filled only by vote of the shareholders.Shareholder MeetingsAnnual stockholder meetings will be held at a time and place selected by our board of directors. The meetings may be held in or outside of the Marshall Islands.Under our amended and restated articles of incorporation, special meetings may be called by the board of directors, or by the secretary of the Company requestedby stockholders representing certain amount of voting power. Our board of directors shall give not less than 15 days and not more than 60 days prior written noticeof a shareholders’ meeting to each shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat and to each shareholder of record who, by reason of any action proposed at suchmeeting would be entitled to have his/her shares appraised if such action were taken, and the notice shall include a statement of that purpose and to that effect.Our bylaws provide that a meeting of shareholders is duly constituted if, at the commencement of the meeting, there are shareholders present in person or by proxyrepresenting not less than a majority of the votes of the shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on resolutions of shareholders to be considered at themeeting.70Table of ContentsIf a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of stock represented at the meeting will be the act of the shareholders. At any meeting ofshareholders, each shareholder entitled to vote any shares on any manner to be voted upon at such meeting shall be entitled to one vote on such matter for eachsuch share. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the action so taken, issigned by all the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof.Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal and Payment.Under the BCA, our stockholders have the right to dissent from various corporate actions, including any merger or sale of all or substantially all of our assets notmade in the usual course of our business, and receive payment of the fair value of their shares. However, the right of a dissenting stockholder to receive payment ofthe fair value of his or her shares shall not be available for any shares of stock of the constituent corporation surviving a merger if the merger did not require for itsapproval the vote of the stockholders of the surviving corporation. In the event of any further amendment of our articles of incorporation, a stockholder also has theright to dissent and receive payment for his or her shares if the amendment alters certain rights in respect of those shares. The dissenting stockholder must followthe procedures set forth in the BCA to receive payment. In the event that we and any dissenting stockholder fail to agree on a price for the shares, the BCAprocedures involve, among other things, the institution of proceedings in the circuit court in the judicial circuit in the Marshall Islands in which our Marshall Islandsoffice is situated. The value of the shares of the dissenting stockholder is fixed by the court after reference, if the court so elects, to the recommendations of a courtappointed appraiser.Stockholders’ Derivative ActionsUnder the BCA, any of our stockholders may bring an action in our name to procure a judgment in our favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that thestockholder bringing the action is a holder of common stock both at the time the derivative action is commenced and at the time of the transaction to which theaction relates.Indemnification of Officers and DirectorsThe BCA authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors and officers to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages forbreaches of directors’ fiduciary duties. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation include a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors formonetary damages for actions taken as a director to the fullest extent permitted by law. We must indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorizedby law. We are also expressly authorized to advance certain expenses (including attorneys’ fees and disbursements and court costs) to our directors and offices andcarry directors’ and officers’ insurance providing indemnification for our directors, officers and certain employees for some liabilities.The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws may discourage stockholders frombringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigationagainst directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. In addition, your investment may beadversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.C.Material ContractsWe have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in Item 4 “Information on theCompany,” Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations,” Item 7 “Major Shareholders and RelatedParty Transactions,” or filed (or incorporated by reference) as exhibits to this annual report or otherwise described or referenced in this annual report.D.Exchange ControlsMarshall Islands Exchange ControlsUnder Marshall Islands law, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect theremittance of dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our shares.71Table of ContentsBVI Exchange ControlsThere are no material exchange controls restrictions on payment of dividends, interest or other payments to the holders of our common stock or on the conduct ofour operations in the BVI, where we were incorporated. There are no material BVI laws that impose any material exchange controls on us or that affect the paymentof dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our common stock. BVI law and our memorandum and articles of association do not impose anymaterial limitations on the right of nonresidents or foreign owners to hold or vote our common stock.PRC Exchange ControlsRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued bySAFE and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade and service payments, payment ofinterest and dividends can be made without prior approval from SAFE by following the appropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMBinto foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRC for the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments,loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from SAFE or its local office.On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency Management Policy on Direct Investment, effective fromJune 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investmentfrom SAFE. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for the purpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed withqualified banks, which, under the supervision of SAFE, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise, or SAFE Circular 19,was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to SAFE Circular 19, a foreigninvested enterprise may, according to its actualbusiness needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchange bureau has confirmedmonetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the time being, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shall truthfully use itscapital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equity investment with theamount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open a corresponding Account forForeign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming andRegulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or SAFE Circular 16, was promulgated and became effective on June 9,2016. According to SAFE Circular 16, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreign currency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionarybasis. SAFE Circular 16 provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items (including but not limited to foreigncurrency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. SAFE Circular 16 reiterates the principle thatRenminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope andmay not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guarantee the principal within the PRCunless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless it is within the businessscope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Optimizing Genuineness and ComplianceVerification, or SAFE Circular 3, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits from domestic entities tooffshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution, original copies oftax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses before remitting any profits.Moreover, pursuant to SAFE Circular 3, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provide boardresolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.72Table of ContentsRegulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsSAFE issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special PurposeVehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issues Concerning theRegulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles, to regulateforeign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investment and financing orconduct round trip investment in China. SAFE Circular 37 defines a SPV as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly or indirectly, by PRC residents orentities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets or interests, while “round tripinvestment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through SPVs, namely, establishing foreigninvested enterprises to obtain theownership, control rights and management rights. SAFE Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into an SPV, PRC residents or entities be required tocomplete foreign exchange registration with SAFE or its local branch. In addition, SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving theAdministration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended SAFE Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015,requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.PRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to SPVs but had not obtained registration as required before theimplementation of the SAFE Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the SPVs with qualified banks. An amendment to the registration isrequired if there is a material change with respect to the SPV registered, such as any change of basic information (including change of the PRC residents, name andoperation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers or divisions. Failure to comply with the registrationprocedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclose controllers of the foreigninvestedenterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to itsoffshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities to penalties under PRC foreignexchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companiesby PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRCsubsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansSAFE promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan ofOverseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issued by SAFE in March 2007. Pursuant tothe Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residents participating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted companyare required to register with SAFE or its local branches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents mustconduct the SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of theoverseas publicly listed company or another qualified institution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevantSAFE registration should there be any material change to the stock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of thePRC residents who have the right to exercise the employee stock options, apply to SAFE or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreigncurrencies in connection with the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the saleof shares under the stock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRCopened by the PRC agents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.73Table of ContentsWe adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We have advised therecipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice. However, wecannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subjectthe PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016 respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014 respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our BVI holding company may rely on dividend payments from IST,which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on the ability of ourconsolidated VIEs to make remittance to IST and on the ability of IST to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations ofthose entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends andother distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you,and otherwise fund and conduct our business”E.TaxationThe following is a general summary of the material Marshall Islands, Hong Kong, BVI, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to an investmentin our units, shares of common stock and warrants to acquire our shares of common stock, sometimes referred to collectively in this summary as our “securities”.The discussion is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal or tax advice to any particular prospective purchaser. The discussion is based on lawsand relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change or different interpretations, possibly withretroactive effect. The discussion does not address United States state or local tax laws, or tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Marshall Islands, Hong Kong,the BVI, the PRC and the United States. We recommend that you consult your own tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquisition, ownership anddisposition of our securities.Marshall Islands TaxationThe following are the material Marshall Islands tax consequences of our activities to us and to our stockholders and warrant holders of investing in our CommonStock and warrants. Under current Marshall Islands law, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains, and no Marshall Islands withholding tax or income taxwill be imposed upon payments of dividends by us to our stockholders or proceeds from the disposition of our common stock and warrants, provided suchstockholders or warrant holders, as the case may be, are not residents in the Marshall Islands. There is no tax treaty between the United States and the Republic ofthe Marshall Islands.BVI TaxationThe BVI does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid to us by our BVI subsidiary, nor does the BVI levy any capital gains or income taxes on us or our BVIsubsidiary. However, our BVI subsidiary is required to pay the BVI government an annual license fee based on the number of shares it is authorized to issue.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the BVI.74Table of ContentsHong Kong TaxationOur Hong Kong subsidiaries, under the current laws of Hong Kong, are subject to profits tax of 16.5%. No provision for Hong Kong profits tax has been made asour Hong Kong subsidiaries have no taxable income.PRC TaxationWe are a holding company incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which indirectly holds our equity interests in our PRC operating subsidiaries. The EIT Law and itsimplementation rules, both of which became effective as of January 1, 2008, provide that a PRC enterprise is subject to a standard income tax rate of 25% and Chinasourced income of foreign enterprises, such as dividends paid by a PRC subsidiary to its overseas parent, will normally be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of10%, unless there are applicable treaties between the overseas parent’s jurisdiction of incorporation and China to reduce such rate.Under the Arrangement between the Mainland and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention ofFiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, or the Double Taxation Arrangement, effective as of January 1, 2007, such dividend withholding tax rate is reducedto 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns over 25% of the PRC company distributing the dividends. Under the aforesaid arrangement, any dividends that ourPRC operating subsidiaries pay to their Hong Kong holding companies may be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 5% if they are not considered to be a PRC“resident enterprise” as described below. However, if the Hong Kong holdings companies are not considered to be the “beneficial owner” of such dividends underthe Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties promulgated by the State Administration of Taxation on October 27,2009 (and not a PRC “resident enterprise”), such dividends would be subject to the withholding tax rate of 10%. The withholding tax rate of 5% or 10% applicablewill have a significant impact on the amount of dividends to be received by us and ultimately by shareholders.According to the Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties, the term “beneficial owner” refers to a person who hasthe right to own and dispose of the income and the rights or properties generated from the said income. The “beneficial owner” may be an individual, a company orany other organization which is usually engaged in substantial business operations. A conduit company is not a “beneficial owner.” The term “conduit company”refers to a company which is usually established for purposes of dodging or reducing taxes, and transferring or accumulating profits. Such a company is onlyregistered in the country of domicile to satisfy the organizational form as required by law, but it does not engage in such substantial business operations asmanufacturing, distribution and management. As our Hong Kong holding companies are controlling companies and are not engaged in substantial businessoperations, they could be considered as conduit companies by tax authorities and we do not expect them to be a beneficial owner.In addition to the changes to the current tax structure, under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto management bodies” withinChina is considered a resident enterprise and will normally be subject to an EIT of 25% on its global income. The implementing rules define the term “de factomanagement bodies” as “an establishment that exercises, in substance, overall management and control over the production, business, personnel, accounting, etc.,of a Chinese enterprise.”It remains unclear whether the PRC tax authorities would require or permit our overseas registered entities to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. We do notcurrently consider our company to be a PRC resident enterprise. However, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterpriseincome tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on ourworldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on offering proceedsand nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although under the EIT Law and its implementing rulesdividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued guidance with respect to the processing ofoutbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidance issuedwith respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation in which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to our nonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC shareholders from transferring our shares.75Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income TaxationThe following is a discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our securities. It does notpurport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s situation. The discussion applies only toholders that hold their securities as capital assets (generally property held for investment) within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based on the Code, income tax regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial positions, published positions of theInternal Revenue Service, or the IRS, and other applicable authorities, all as in effect as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly withretroactive effect. This discussion is general in nature and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations, nor does the discussion address any state, local orforeign tax considerations or any U.S. tax considerations (e.g., estate or gift tax) other than U.S. federal income tax considerations, that may be applicable toparticular holders.This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant in light of particular circumstances, nor does it address the U.S.federal income tax consequences to persons who are subject to special rules under U.S. federal income tax law, including:●banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions;●persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;●taxexempt organizations;●controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid United States federal incometax;●certain former citizens or longterm residents of the United States;●dealers in securities or currencies;●traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting for their securities holdings;●persons that own, or are deemed to own, more than five percent of our capital stock;●holders who acquired our stock as compensation or pursuant to the exercise of a stock option; or●persons who hold our shares as a position in a hedging transaction, “straddle,” or other risk reduction transaction.For purposes of this discussion, a U.S. holder is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (ii) acorporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States (or treated assuch under applicable U.S. tax laws), any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardlessof its source; or (iv) a trust if (a) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have theauthority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) it has a valid election in effect under applicable law and regulations to be treated as a U.S. person forU.S. federal income tax purposes. A nonU.S. holder is a holder that is neither a U.S. holder nor a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S.federal income tax purposes.In the case of a partnership or entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally willdepend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal incometax consequences to them of the merger or of the ownership and disposition of our shares.As a result of consummation of the Share Exchange, (i) we acquired substantially all the properties of KBS International, a U.S. corporation, and (ii) the formershareholders of KBS International held at least 80 percent of our common stock by reason of having held stock of KBS International. Accordingly, under Section7874 of the Code, we are treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as a U.S. corporation and, among other consequences, are subject to U.S. federal income tax on ourworldwide income. This discussion assumes that Section 7874 of the Code continues to apply to treat us as a U.S. corporation for all purposes under the Code. If,for some reason (e.g., future repeal of Section 7874 of the Code), we were no longer treated as a U.S. corporation under the Code, the U.S. federal income taxconsequences described herein could be materially and adversely affected.76Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. HoldersDistributionsIn the event that distributions are paid on our common stock, the gross amount of such distributions will be included in the gross income of the U.S. holder asdividend income on the date of receipt to the extent that the distribution is paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federalincome tax principles. Such dividends will be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Dividends received by noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, may be subject to reduced rates of taxation under current law. A U.S. holdermay be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed on dividends paid by us. However, the foreign tax credit rules arecomplex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 of the Code and the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and theGovernment of the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, or theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty, is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may be entitled to underthe foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.To the extent that dividends paid on our common stock exceed current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distributions will be treated first as a taxfree returnof tax basis on our common stock, and to the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds tax basis, the excess will be treated as gain from the disposition ofthose common stock. Because Section 7874 of the Code has applied to treat us as a U.S. corporation only since consummation of the Share Exchange in 2014, wemay not be able to demonstrate to the IRS the extent to which a distribution on our common stock exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (asdetermined under U.S. federal income tax principles), in which case all of such distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.Sale or Other DispositionU.S. holders of our common stock will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of common stock equal to the differencebetween the amount realized for the common stock and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the common stock. This gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss. Undercurrent law, noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, are eligible for reduced tax rates if the common stock has been held for more than one year. Thedeductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. A U.S. holder may be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed ongain from the sale or other disposition of common stock. However, the foreign tax credit rules are complex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 ofthe Code and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may beentitled to under the foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Unearned Income Medicare ContributionCertain U.S. holders who are individuals, trusts or estates are required to pay an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on, among other things, dividends on and capitalgains from the sale or other disposition of shares of stock. U.S. holders should consult their own advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this rule on their ownershipand disposition of our common stock.U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for NonU.S. HoldersDistributionsThe rules applicable to nonU.S. holders for determining the extent to which distributions on our common stock, if any, constitute dividends for U.S. federal incometax purposes are the same as for U.S. holders. See “–U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. Holders– Distributions.”77Table of ContentsAny dividends paid to a nonU.S. holder by us are treated as income derived from sources within the United States and generally will be subject to U.S. federalincome tax withholding at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends, or at a lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty if nonU.S. holdersprovide proper certification of eligibility for the lower rate (usually on IRS Form W8BEN or W8BENE). Dividends received by a nonU.S. holder that are effectivelyconnected with such holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business (and, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained bythe nonU.S. holder in the U.S.) are exempt from such withholding tax, provided that applicable certification requirements are satisfied. In such case, however, nonU.S. holders will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such dividends, net of certain deductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. In addition, corporatenonU.S. holders may be subject to an additional branch profits tax equal to 30% or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable tax treaty on dividendsreceived that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.If nonU.S. holders are eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, such nonU.S. holders may obtain a refund ofany excess amounts withheld by filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.Sale or Other DispositionExcept as described below for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, any gain realized by a nonU.S. holder upon the saleor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:criminal liability in serious cases.According to the PRC Product Quality Law, consumers or other victims who suffer injury or property losses due to product defects may demand compensation fromthe manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the corresponding amount from the manufacturer if the manufactureris responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Relating to Consumer ProtectionThe principal legal provisions for the protection of consumer interests are set forth in the Law of the PRC on Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests, or theConsumer Protection Law, which was promulgated in October 1993 amended in October 2013. The Consumer Protection Law sets forth standards of behavior thatbusinesses must observe in their dealings with consumers.Violations of the Consumer Protection Law may result in the imposition of fines. In addition, the violating entity may be ordered to suspend its operations, and itsbusiness license may be revoked. There may also be criminal liability in serious cases.According to the Consumer Protection Law, if the legal rights and interests of a consumer are violated during the purchase or use of goods, the consumer may seekcompensation from the seller. If the manufacturer or an upstream distributor is responsible, after compensating the consumer, the seller may recover thecorresponding amount from the manufacturer or the upstream distributor. Consumers or other persons who suffer personal injury or property damages due todefects in products may seek compensation from the manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the correspondingamount from the manufacturer if the manufacturer is responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Related to TrademarksThe PRC Trademark Law, adopted in 1982 and revised in 2001 and 2013, protects the proprietary rights to registered trademarks. The Trademark Office under theState Administration of Industry and Commerce handles trademark registration and grants a term of ten years to registered trademarks and another ten years totrademarks as requested upon expiry of the prior term. Trademark license agreements and transfer agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record.37Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Environmental MattersOur facilities are subject to various governmental regulations related to environmental protection. We use a myriad of chemicals in our operations and produceemissions that could pose environmental risks. Our manufacturing facilities are subject to various pollution control regulations with respect to noise, water and airpollution and the disposal of waste and hazardous materials, including, China’s Environmental Protection Law, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Appraisingof Environment Impacts, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of AirPollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution, and China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of NoisePollution. We are subject to periodic inspections by local environmental protection authorities.We did not incur material costs in environmental compliance in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016. We believe we are in material compliance with the relevant PRCenvironmental laws and regulations. We are not currently subject to any pending actions alleging any violations of applicable PRC environmental laws.Regulations Related to EmploymentThe PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law require that employers must execute written employment contracts with fulltime employees. All employers mustcompensate their employees with wages equal to at least the local minimum wage standards. Violations of the PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law may resultin the imposition of fines and other administrative sanctions, and serious violations may constitute criminal offences.On December 28, 2012, the PRC Labor Contract Law was amended with effect on July 1, 2013 to impose more stringent requirements on labor dispatch. Under suchlaw, dispatched workers are entitled to pay equal to that of fulltime employees for equal work, but the number of dispatched workers that an employer hires may notexceed a certain percentage of its total number of employees as determined by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Additionally, dispatchedworkers are only permitted to engage in temporary, auxiliary or substitute work. According to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch promulgated by theMinistry of Human Resources and Social Security on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014, the number of dispatched workers hired by anemployer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees (including both directly hired employees and dispatched workers). The Interim Provisions onLabor Dispatch require employers not in compliance with the PRC Labor Contract Law in this regard to reduce the number of its dispatched workers to below 10% ofthe total number of its employees prior to March 1, 2016.Enterprises in China are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in certain employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pensionplan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a workrelated injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund,and contribute to the plans or funds in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of the employees as specified by thelocal government from time to time at locations where they operate their businesses or where they are located. The enterprise may be ordered to pay the full amountwithin a deadline if it fails to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans and may be subject to fines and other administrative sanctions.Regulations Relating to Foreign ExchangeRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued by theState Administration of Foreign Exchange and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade andservice payments, payment of interest and dividends can be made without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange by following theappropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRCfor the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange or its local office.38Table of ContentsOn February 13, 2015, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency ManagementPolicy on Direct Investment, effective from June 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign directinvestment and overseas direct investment from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for thepurpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed with qualified banks, which, under the supervision of the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to this Circular, a foreigninvested enterprise may,according to its actual business needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchangebureau has confirmed monetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the timebeing, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shalltruthfully use its capital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equityinvestment with the amount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open acorresponding Account for Foreign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of theState Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts waspromulgated and became effective on June 9, 2016. According to this Circular, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreigncurrency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionary basis. This Circular provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items(including but not limited to foreign currency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. ThisCircular reiterates the principle that Renminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposesbeyond its business scope and may not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guaranteethe principal within the PRC unless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless itis within the business scope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration andOptimizing Genuineness and Compliance Verification, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits fromdomestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution,original copies of tax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses beforeremitting any profits. Moreover, pursuant to this Circular, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provideboard resolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and RoundtripInvestment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Issues Concerning the Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore SpecialPurpose Vehicles, to regulate foreign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investmentand financing or conduct round trip investment in China. Circular 37 defines a “special purpose vehicle” as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly orindirectly, by PRC residents or entities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets orinterests, while “round trip investment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through special purpose vehicles, namely, establishingforeigninvested enterprises to obtain the ownership, control rights and management rights. Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into a specialpurpose vehicle, PRC residents or entities be required to complete foreign exchange registration with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranch. In addition, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the ForeignExchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015, requiring PRC residents or entities toregister with qualified banks rather than the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.39Table of ContentsPRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to special purpose vehicles but had not obtained registration asrequired before the implementation of the Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the special purpose vehicles with qualified banks. Anamendment to the registration is required if there is a material change with respect to the special purpose vehicle registered, such as any change of basic information(including change of the PRC residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers ordivisions. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclosecontrollers of the foreigninvested enterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchangeactivities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, sharetransfer or liquidation, to its offshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities topenalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating toinvestments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our abilityto inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic IndividualsParticipating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issuedby the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in March 2007. Pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residentsparticipating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted company are required to register with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents must conduct the registration and other procedures withrespect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of the overseas publicly listed company or another qualifiedinstitution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevant registration should there be any material change to thestock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of the PRC residents who have the right to exercise the employeestock options, apply to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreign currencies in connectionwith the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the sale of shares under thestock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRC opened by the PRCagents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.We have adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we will have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We haveadvised the recipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.However, we cannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock IncentivePlan Notice. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plansmay subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016, respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014, respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our Marshall Islands holding company may rely on dividend paymentsfrom Hongri PRC, which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on theability of our other PRC subsidiaries to make remittance to Hongri PRC and on the ability of Hongri PRC to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cashgenerated by the operations of those entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We rely to a significant extent on dividends and otherdistributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiary to fund offshore cash and financing requirements.”40Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Overseas ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the StateOwned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective onSeptember 8, 2006 and was amended on June 22, 2009. These regulations, among other things, require that (i) PRC entities or individuals obtain approval from theMinistry of Commerce before they establish or control a special purpose vehicle overseas, provided that they intend to use the special purpose vehicle to acquiretheir equity interests in a PRC company at the consideration of newly issued share of the special purpose vehicle, or Share Swap, and list their equity interests in thePRC company overseas by listing the special purpose vehicle in an overseas market; (ii) the special purpose vehicle obtains approval from the Ministry ofCommerce before it acquires the equity interests held by the PRC entities or PRC individual in the PRC company by Share Swap; and (iii) the special purpose vehicleobtains China Securities Regulatory Commission approval before it lists overseas. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The approval ofthe China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with this offering under a PRC regulation. The regulation also establishes more complexprocedures for acquisitions conducted by foreign investors that could make it more difficult for us to grow through acquisitions.”Regulations Relating to TaxationDividend Withholding TaxIn March 2007, the National People’s Congress enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law which became effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on February 24,2017. According to Enterprise Income Tax Law, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a foreigninvested enterprise in China to its foreignenterprise investors are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that providesfor a preferential withholding arrangement. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Negotiated Reduction of Dividends and Interest Rates,issued on January 29, 2008 and supplemented and revised on February 29, 2008, and the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, which became effective onDecember 8, 2006 and applicable to income derived in any year of assessment commencing on or after April 1, 2007 in Hong Kong and in any year commencing on orafter January 1, 2007 in the PRC, such withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong enterprise is deemed the beneficial owner of any dividend paid by aPRC subsidiary by PRC tax authorities and holds at least 25% of the equity interest in that particular PRC subsidiary at all times within the 12month periodimmediately prior to the distribution of the dividends. Furthermore, pursuant to the Announcement on Issues concerning “Beneficial Owners” in Tax Treaties issuedon February 3, 2018 by the State Administration of Taxation, when determining the status of “beneficial owners,” a comprehensive analysis may be conductedthrough materials such as articles of association, financial statements, records of capital flows, minutes of board of directors, resolutions of board of directors,allocation of manpower and material resources, the relevant expenses, functions and risk assumption, loan contracts, royalty contracts or transfer contracts, patentregistration certificates and copyright certificates, etc. However, even if an applicant has the status as a “beneficiary owner,” if the competent tax authority findsnecessity to apply the principal purpose test clause in the tax treaties or the general antitax avoidance rules stipulated in domestic tax laws, the general antitaxavoidance provisions shall apply.Enterprise Income TaxIn December 2007, the State Council promulgated the Implementing Rules of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008. TheEnterprise Income Tax Law and its relevant implementing rules (i) impose a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate, which is applicable to both foreigninvestedenterprises and domestic enterprises (ii) permits companies to continue to enjoy their existing tax incentives, subject to certain transitional phaseout rules and(iii) introduces new tax incentives, subject to various qualification criteria.41Table of ContentsThe Enterprise Income Tax Law also provides that enterprises organized under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies”located within China may be considered PRC resident enterprises and therefore be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwideincome. The implementing rules further define the term “de facto management body” as the management body that exercises substantial and overall managementand control over the production and operations, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. If an enterprise organized under the laws of jurisdictionoutside China is considered a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, itwould be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. Second, a 10% withholding tax would be imposed on dividends itpays to its nonPRC enterprise shareholders and with respect to gains derived by its nonPRC enterprise shareholders from transfer of its shares.On October 17, 2017, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Bulletin on Issues Concerning the Withholding of NonPRC Resident Enterprise Income Tax atSource, or Bulletin 37, which replaced the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by NonPRC Resident Enterprisesissued by the State Administration of Taxation on December 10, 2009, and partially replaced and supplemented rules under the Bulletin on Issues of EnterpriseIncome Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by NonPRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7, issued by the State Administration of Taxation on February 3, 2015.Under Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by nonPRC resident enterprises may be recharacterizedand treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose ofavoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. In respect of anindirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the relevant gain is to be regarded as effectively connected with the PRC establishment and thereforeincluded in its enterprise income tax filing, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relatesto the immoveable properties in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not effectively connected to a PRC establishment of a nonresident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax at 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similararrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Pursuant to Bulletin 37, the withholding party shalldeclare and pay the withheld tax to the competent tax authority in the place where such withholding party is located within seven days from the date of occurrenceof the withholding obligation. Both Bulletin 37 and Bulletin 7 do not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange wheresuch shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We and our existingshareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a Chinese establishmentof a nonChinese company, or immovable properties located in China owned by nonChinese companies.”ValueAdded TaxIn November 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Pilot Plan for Imposition of ValueAdded Tax to ReplaceBusiness Tax. In March 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation further promulgated the Notice on Fully Promoting the Pilot Plan forReplacing Business Tax by ValueAdded Tax. Pursuant to this Pilot Plan and the relevant notice, value added tax at a rate of 6% is generally imposed, on anationwide basis, on the revenue generated from the provision of service in lieu of business tax in the modern service industries. Value added tax of a rate of 6%applies to revenue derived from the provision of some modern services. Unlike business tax, a taxpayer is allowed to offset the qualified input value added tax paidon taxable purchases against the output value added tax chargeable on the modern services provided.C.Organizational StructureSee “—A. History and Development of the Company—Corporate Structure” above for details of our current organizational structure.42Table of ContentsD.Property, Plants and EquipmentOur company has established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31,2018, this network was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, our company’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The facilityhas a production capacity of 2 million pieces per year and we move in upon the completion of phase 2 in year 2015. By relocating from the coastal area to AnhuiProvince, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a more stable labor supply. We manufacture a variety of menswear products, including, jeans,shirts, suits and socks. Because of its variety and complexity in the production process, these products require special sewing machines and workmanship, whichwe currently do not possess. As a result, the Company is not yet able to produce KBS branded products and has outsourced its KBS branded productmanufacturing to other established ODM and OEM manufacturers in the Fujian and Zhejiang regions. The Company has completed the second phase constructionof its new factory at the end of 2014. The second phase has an annual production capacity of 5 million pieces subject to our purchasing additional equipment.Currently Anhui factory mainly produces OEM orders and some international orders.Our production facility consists of total 110,557 square meters of land. We obtained a portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square metersand 2,440 square meters in May 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildingsand offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need foradditional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of landhas been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Oncethe construction of the new production facilities is completed, our total production capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year fromthe current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.In 2016, we closed 1 corporate store and as of December 31, 2018, we leased the premises for our sole remaining corporate store. We have undertaken variousmeasures to verify the lessees’ rights to the property leased to us in respect of its stores. In China, all land is owned by the State or other governmental bodies, and“ownership” is generally evidenced by a land use rights certificate. We rent some stores that were located in rural areas where land use rights are held collectivelyby villages and records regarding the ownership of land use rights are frequently not kept. In these cases, the company has confirmed our ability to lease the storesthrough communications with village authorities, and has reviewed electricity and water bills to confirm utilities are being paid by the parties leasing the premises tous. Based on the results of these efforts, we believe the risk of third party claims against our leases of these stores is relatively small and the measures taken by ourcompany are sufficient to verify the land use rights for all of its stores.In addition, the property used as our head office and corporate store is leased from a related party, whose ownership of the property has been verified by ourcompany. We paid a total of RMB720,000, RMB 720,000, and RMB 720,000, as rental fees for the existing corporate stores during the fiscal years 2016, 2017 and 2018,respectively. The total area of these 2 corporate stores is 158 square meters. The sales of each store and its location are shown below:AreaSales in fiscalyear 2016(USD)Sales in fiscalyear 2017(USD)Sales in fiscalyear2018(USD)Shishi factory1,240,354.74772,299691,431Quanzhou Dayang (closed in 2016)470,280.90Total:1,710,635.64772,299691,43143Table of ContentsITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot required.ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSWe are engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of casual menswear in China, including apparel and accessories, which we market under the KBSbrand. The KBS brand was developed in 2006. Before 2012, we were engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of fashion sportswear in China. Sinceour products feature a unique and stylish design that is more fashionable than traditional sportswear, as well as quality fabrics and materials and the sportswearmarket was becoming more and more competitive, in late 2011 we turned our focus on casual menswear market which has higher profit margin. KBS’s apparelproducts include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, Jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, belts and caps. In 2016, the suggestedretail prices of KBS’s products ranged from RMB199 to RMB1,499 for its apparel products and RMB15 to RMB899 for its accessory products. KBS holds newproducts launch events twice every year, one in spring and the other in autumn. Since 2006, we have launched about 1,500,536 collections of new products eachyear with a different theme to highlight the current trends for the season. KBS’s marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese.” KBS’scustomers are male middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range, primarily located in tier two and tier three cities in China. The company has adopted “KBS” as auniform brand name, which stands for “Keep Best Style”, and KBS are designed by us for a uniform look and feel that fits our brand image, with instore displaysthat accentuate the quality and style of our products across all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. We believe that the KBSbrand has become a recognized brand name in the cities where their products are sold.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors. Thenumber of stores grew significantly from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006 to 31 corporate stores as of December 31, 2012 and 96franchised stores as of December 31, 2013, and decreased to 84 stores as of December 31, 2014. Because of the recent softening of economic growing in China andfierce competition from our competitors, online store sales of franchised stores and corporate stores went down in 2015 as compared with the previous year. In 2017and 2018, the distributors closed 15 and 8 franchised stores, respectively, and we closed 1 corporate store in year 2016. We generate more revenues from OEM in2018 and intend to generate more in OEM and target area from acquisitions.KBS also acts as an original design manufacturer, or ODM, upon request. Income from such services accounted for 14%, 7.3% and 9% of revenue for the yearsended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, KBS’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The company believesthat the shortage of labor and rising wage expectations in China, especially in the coastal area, could have a material impact on our operations as well as itssuppliers’ cost of manufacturing. By relocating from the coastal area to inland Anhui Province, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a morestable labor supply. Since the company’s original production team was not ready to produce the new style KBS products, KBS has outsourced its productmanufacturing to other established ODM manufacturers. As such, KBS’s own production facility in Taihu mainly takes OEM orders from other sportswearcompanies, like Xtep. Our production facility in Taihu, Anhui Province includes three parcels of land with a total area of 110,557 square meters. We have obtainedland use rights for two parcels of land with an area of 9,845 square meters in 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction ofthe adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire theland use right of the third parcel of land. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 can be continued. Once completed, our totalproduction capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year. We do not necessarilyrely on our own production facility to satisfy the demand of our products as we may outsource some or all of the production work to various ODM and OEMmanufacturers in China.44Table of ContentsA.Principal Factors Affecting Financial PerformanceOur operating results are primarily affected by the following factors:●Growth of China’s menswear industry. With approximately onefifth of the world’s population and a fastgrowing gross domestic product, Chinarepresents a significant growth opportunity for a wide variety of retail goods, including apparel. The enhanced living standards and increased disposableincome that has resulted from the vibrant economic growth has driven the rapid development of the men’s apparel market in China in recent years. China iscurrently one of the world’s largest men’s apparel markets. As a leading provider of casual menswear in China, we believe we are well positioned tocapitalize on the favorable economic, demographic and industry trends in this sector.●Brand recognition. We derive all of our revenues from sales of the KBS branded products in China, and our success depends on the market perceptionand acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture, lifestyle and images associated with this brand. Market acceptance of our brand may affect the sellingprices and market demand for our products, the profit margin of us can achieve, and our ability to grow.●Ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network. The ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in terms of floor area in our salesnetwork affects our results of operations in a given period. The franchised stores operated by our distributors have been and will continue to be the maincontributor to our revenue for the foreseeable future. Under the distribution business model, we sell directly to our distributors and recognize revenuesupon delivery of our products to them. Such distribution network has enabled us to accelerate sales growth at a much lower cost than opening direct storesand has limited our inventory and sales risks. Corporate stores operated by us, on the other hand, despite incurring more significant capital expenditures ascompared with franchised stores, allow us more control over our brand and the consumer’s shopping experience, which are important factors for the overallsuccess of our business. In addition, our corporate store sales generally have a higher gross profit margin than sales to distributors because we are able tosell the products at retail prices directly to the endconsumers and because we recognize expenses relating to our corporate stores as selling anddistribution expenses. Therefore, the ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network will affect our gross profit margin.●Product offering and pricing. Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define menswear trends as well as to anticipate, gauge andreact to changing consumer demands for menswear in a timely manner. Most of our products are subject to changing consumer preferences and fashiontrends that cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumer acceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, andour future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes.●Fluctuations in raw material supply and prices. The per unit cost of producing our products depends on the supply and price of raw materials,particularly fabrics such as cotton, wool and polyester, which have experienced volatility in past years. Increases in the price of raw materials wouldnegatively impact our gross margins if we are not able to offset such price increases through increases in our selling price or changes in product offeringsand mix.Financial Statement PresentationRevenue. During the periods covered by this section, we generated revenue from sales of our menswear products.45Table of ContentsCost of sales. During the periods covered by this section, our cost of sales primarily consisted of the costs of our outsourcing cost, raw materials, labor andoverhead. We did not have any inward or outward freight charges as these charges are borne by our distributors and suppliers.Gross profit and gross margin. For the periods covered by this section, our gross profit is equal to the difference between our net sales and cost of sales. Our grossmargin is equal to the gross profit divided by net sales. Our gross margin may not be comparable to those of other retail entities since some retail entities include allof their distribution network costs in cost of sales and others, like us, include these expenses in another statement of operations line item.Administrative expenses. For the periods covered by this section, general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to ourgeneral management, finance and administrative staff, professional advisor fees, audit fees and other expenses incurred in connection with general operations.Selling expenses. For the periods covered by this section, our selling and marketing expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to our sales andmarketing staff, store rent, business travel, coordination with distributor marketing and promotions, transportation costs and other sales related costs.Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, both in U.S. dollars and as apercentage of or revenue.Year endedDecember 31, 2018Year ended December 31, 2017Year ended December 31, 2016Amount% of SalesAmount% of SalesAmount% of SalesRevenue18,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales20,851,252112%35,274,352148%39,041,93295%Gross (loss)/profit2,316,13712%11,511,81648%2,158,2725%Operating expensesDistribution and selling expenses2,670,95514%3,265,38014%3,606,0109%Administrative expenses4,907,02026%4,879,39721%3,543,9939%Total operating expenses7,577,97541%8,144,77634%7,150,00317%Other income122,1391%461,5642%555,0511%Other gains and losses13,522,30073%122,2441%11,123,76727%Loss from operations23,294,273126%19,317,27281%15,560,44738%Finance costs96,4441%96,3850%71,7830%Change in fair value of warrant liabilities00%00%3,4090%Loss before tax23,390,717126%19,413,65782%15,628,82138%Income tax5,422,11929%4,598,06119%3,726,1339%Loss for the year17,968,59897%14,815,59662%11,902,68829%46Table of ContentsA breakdown of revenue, percentage of revenue and percentage of gross margin by segment for the respective periods is as follows:BybusinessDistribution networkCorporate storesOEMConsolidatedYear endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Sales toexternalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205% of Sales73%63%78%13%29%13%14%7%9%100%100%100%Segmentsgrossmargins2,245,9442,277,8586,623,6175,402,99414,291,6805,727,349845,700502,0071,262,0052,316,13611,511,8162,158,273Grossmarginrate17%15%21%227%205%104%33%29%36%12%48%5%Segment salesFor the year ended December 31, 2018, total revenue decreased by 22% from $23.8 million in 2017 to $18.5 million. Our total revenue of 2017 decreased by 33% from$41.2 million to $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company reports financial and operating results in three segments: distributor network,corporate stores and OEM.Distributor Network —Revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2018 decreased by 10% from $15 million in 2017 to $13 million primarily due to adecrease in sales volume. There was a decrease of revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2017 by 53% from $32.1 million in year 2016 primarily dueto a decrease in sales volume. The distributor segment accounted for 73% of the total revenue in 2018, compared to 63% and 78% during years 2017 and 2016,respectively.In year 2018, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network increased to 17% from 15% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price of newproducts. The sales went down in year 2018 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstockduring previous periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.47Table of ContentsIn year 2017, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network decreased to 15% from 21% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price, and thesales went down in year 2017 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstock duringprevious periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.The Company’s distributor network currently consists of 11 distributors in 12 provinces. Most of these distributors, either directly or through their subdistributors,operate KBSbranded stores. Some wholesale distributors sold the products to multibranded stores and online stores. As of December 31, 2018, distributorsoperated a total of 32 KBSbranded stores, primarily in second and third tier cities. KBS products distributed to the fourth and fifth tier cities are primarily sold inmultibranded department stores.Corporate Stores — Total revenue from corporate store sale for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $6.98 million for year 2017. In 2018 sales fromcorporate store decreased as compared to 2017 due to a decrease in promotion sales of repurchased inventory from certain distributors which are unable to pay offthe debts owed to us.Total revenue from corporate store sales for fiscal year 2017 was $6.98 million, compared to $5.53 million for year 2016. In 2017 sales from corporate stores increasedas compared to 2016 due to an increase in sales volume, which in turn was mainly attributable to the increase in promotion sales on repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors which are unable to pay off the debts owed to us.As of December 31, 2018, we operated 1 corporate store which located in Fujian. Total revenue from corporate store sales of 2018 decreased as compared to 2017because of the decrease the promotion sales of repurchased inventory.The corporate store segment contributed 14% of total revenue in 2018, compared to 29% of 2017 and 13% of 2016. Gross profit margin for the Company’s corporatestore was 232% in 2018, compared to 205% in 2017 and 104% in 2016. The margin compression from 2016 to 2018 is primarily due to: 1) close of 1 corporate store in2016 and the sale of its inventory at a lower price; 2) reduction of sale price of our goods in corporate stores to stimulate sales; 3) loss from sales of repurchasedinventory from certain distributors which sold at big discounted price in year 2017 and year 2018.OEM — The OEM segment is comprised of products that are designed by the customers but manufactured by us. Revenue from the OEM segment increased by$0.83 million to $2.57 million for year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017. Gross profit margin increased to 33%from 29% of year 2017. Revenue from the OEM segment decreased by $1.79 million to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $3.53 million foryear ended December 31, 2016. Gross profit margin decreased to 29% from 36% of year 2016. Our revenues from sales of OEM represented 14%, 9% and 9%,respectively of our total revenues for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.Cost of sales and gross profit rateCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for production purpose,outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges and water and electricity.Our cost of sales decreased from $35 million in year 2017 to $21 million in year 2018. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017.The gross profit rate increased from 48% in year 2017 to 12% in year 2018 due to 1) a decrease in the number of promotion sales in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, whichcaused a loss at RMB 40 million; 2) the higher price of updated new products and improvement of products quality; 3) higher profit margin of OEM segments due tolower amortized fixed fees from big orders from certain customers. In order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continuedoperation, we decided to continue to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors in 2018 and thereafter.48Table of ContentsOur cost of sales decreased from $39 million in year 2016 to $35 million in year 2017. The decrease was consistent with the decrease in our revenue, which resulted ina decrease in purchases by $7 million. The decrease in purchases was mainly due to a challenging retail environment and close of some stores.The gross profit rate decreased from 5% in year 2016 to 48% in year 2017 due to 1) a decrease in the number of our franchised stores from 55 as of December 31,2016 to 40 as of December 31, 2017; 2) in order to make more fair and friendly business environment for our all distributors, we adjusted our price policy to havesame price to our district distributors and province distributors in 2017, the price sell to the district distributor is lower than before. 3) a slowdown in demand inmenswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and our distributors faceddifficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 141.42 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million. Although we are not contractually obligated to buy back the excessiveinventory from any our distributors, in order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continued operation, we decided to do same in2017 to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors and we may implement similar plans in the following years.Administrative expensesAdministrative expenses increased by $0.02 million or 1% to $4.9 million for year 2018 from $4.88 million for 2017. The change was mainly due to the decrease ofoutsourcing design expense and the increase of the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Administrative expenses increased by $1.34 million or 37% to $4.88 million for year 2017 from $3.54 million for 2016. The increase was mainly due to the increase indesign staff expenses and the increase attributable to the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Distribution and selling expensesThe selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.59 million or 18% to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $ 3.2 million in 2017, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expense, products promotion expenses and entertainment expenses.The selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.34 million or 9.45% to $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $ 3.6 million in 2016, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expenses and promotion expense of products including placement order meeting expense.The advertisement expenses of 2018, 2017 and 2016 are relatively even and selling expenses accounted for 6.6%, 7.5% and 9% for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Other gains and lossesOther gains and losses increased by $13.4 million, or 10,875%, to $13.52 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $0.12 million for year 2017. The increasewas mainly due to the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value.Other gains and losses decreased by $11 million, or 98.9%, to $0.12 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $11.1 million for year 2016. The decrease wasmainly due to the fact that there was no additional provision on bad debts from three clients as in 2016.Profit for the yearWe had a loss of $18 million in 2018 as compared to a loss of $14.81 million for 2017, representing a decrease of profit of $3 million or 21%. Net margin was 97% forthe year ended December 31, 2018, compared to 62% for the year ended December 31, 2017.49Table of ContentsWe had a loss of $14.81 million in 2017 as compared to a loss of $11.9 million for 2016, representing a decrease of profit of $2.91 million or 25%. Net margin was 62%for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 29% for the year ended December 31, 2016.Profit for the year decreased from 2018 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons:(1)the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value (2) thedistribution and selling expenses decreased to a small portion of total revenue and the revenue also decreased compared to year ended December 31, 2017; (3) aslowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brands, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling products and paying back the balance owed to us. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 40 million.Profit for the year decreased from 2016 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons: (1) the administrative expenses increased to a large portion of total revenue; and(2) slowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 141.42 millionfrom certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million.B.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesAs of December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $21,026,103. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and cash in the banks. Webelieve that our current levels of cash and cash equivalent and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next12 months. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through net cash flow from operations. Our cash flows are driven by key performance indicatorsincluding the number of orders placed by distributors, number of outlets that each distributor operates the pricing of our products, sales of our corporate stores, andthe collect portion of account receivable. Currently there is only minimal cash held by offshore subsidiaries and there is no need for these subsidiaries to transfercash to Hongri PRC.The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this report:Fiscal Year Ended December 31201820172016Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(3,703,354)$1,922,252$3,194,287Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities52,932(865,365)45,445Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(3,907,291)(39,024)4,919,241Effects of exchange rate change in cash(1,117,062)1,513,138(1,556,980)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080Cash and cash equivalent at end of the period$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,34150Table of ContentsOperating ActivitiesThe net cash provided by operating activities consists of profit before tax, as adjusted by finance costs, change in fair value of warrant liabilities, interest income,shared based compensation, bad debt allowance, depreciation of property, plant and equipment, amortization of prepaid lease payment and trademark, amortizationof subsidies prepaid to distributors, amortization of prepayment and premiums under operating leases, provision(Reversal) of inventory obsolescence, provision ofimpairment loss in prepayments, loss(gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment, deferred income tax, which include trade and other receivables, prepaymentand deferred expenses, inventory, trade and other payables.Net cash used in operating activities in fiscal year 2018 was $3.7 million, compared with net cash provided by operating activities of $1.9 million in the year endedDecember 31, 2017. The change is mainly due to the increase of provision of Anhui property and the increase of deferred tax due to the loss of fiscal year 2018.Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.9 million, compared with $3.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2016. The change is mainlydue to the decrease in the amount of collection of account receivable.Investing ActivitiesNet cash provided by investing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.05 million, compared with $0.8 million net cash used in investing activities in 2017. The net cashprovided in investing activities in 2018 was interest received from our bank deposits.Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $0.8 million, compared with $0.04 million net cash provided by investing activities in 2016. The net cashused in investing activities in 2017 was to purchase fire protection facility.Financing ActivitiesNet cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.26 million, compared with $1.1 million net cash used in financing activities in 2017. It mainly consistedof repayment of bank loans in 2018.Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.1 million, compared with $1.68 million net cash provided by financing activities in 2016. It mainlyconsisted of interests paid for our bank loans.Loans, Other Commitments, ContingenciesAs of December 31, 2018, we had bank loans in an amount of $1,092,785. We may, however, in the future, require additional cash resources due to changing businessconditions, implementation of our strategy to expand our business or other investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our own financial resources areinsufficient to satisfy the capital requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain additional credit facilities. The sale of additionalequity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require usto agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overallbusiness prospects.C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.Our industry is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and changing customer demands. These conditions require continuousexpenditures on product research and development to enhance existing products create new products and avoid product obsolescence. See Item 3 “Key Information—D. Risk Factors—If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected,” —“Ifwe are unable to keep pace with the rapid technological changes in our industry, demand for our products and services could decline which would adversely affectour revenue,” and —“Our technology may become obsolete which could materially adversely affect our ability to sell our products and services.” For a detailedanalysis of research and development costs, see Item 5.A. “Operating Results—Results of Operations—Research and development expenses”.D.Trend InformationOther than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that wouldcause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.E.Off Balance Sheet ArrangementsWe do not have any off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes infinancial condition, sales or expenses, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures, or capital resources that are material to an investment in our securities.51Table of ContentsF.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual ObligationsThe table below shows our material contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018.Payments Due by PeriodLess than1 year13 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsContractual ObligationsConstruction Obligations$64,088,236Operating Lease Obligations$78,532146,7052,225,030Total$64,166,768146,7052,225,030Anhui Factory Construction ContractOn November 20, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party for the construction of a new plant with a total size of 110,557 square meters, atTaihu City, Anhui at a consideration of RMB 690 million (equivalent to approximately $104 million). This is the frame contract for the construction of Anhui factoryand round estimation. By December 31, 2016 we had already paid about $37.75 million in total on the phase 1, 2, 3 of construction based on detailed phase contractand the balance of construction cost of the Anui factory need to be determined based on the ontime budget on every phase. The majority of funds for constructionexpenses came from the cash balance on the account as of December 31, 2018 and the new profit of following year.Anhui Land Use Right Acquisition ContractOn September 2, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party to acquire a land use right in relation to the development of factories in Taihu City,Anhui Province, at a total consideration of RMB 43 million (approximately $6.3 million). Full consideration was paid in September 2010. There are three parts of theland. The Company has obtained land use rights certificates for the first parcel of land with 7,405 square meters on March 19, 2012, and the second parcel of landwith 2,440 square meters on May 26, 2012. The Company is currently in the process of obtaining the land use right certificate for the third parcel of the land with100,712 square meters.Except as set forth above, we have no other material longterm debt, capital or operating lease or fixed purchase obligations.InflationInflation and changing prices have not had a material effect on our business, and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect ourbusiness in the foreseeable future. However, our management will closely monitor price changes in the Chinese economy and the apparel industry and continuallymaintain effective cost controls in operations.52Table of ContentsSeasonalityOur business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal. Historically, we have realized more of our revenue and earnings in the fourth quarter, which includes themajority of the holiday shopping season, than in any other fiscal quarter.Critical Accounting PoliciesThe preparation of financial statements is in conformity with IFRS as issued by the IASB. It requires the Company’s management to make assumptions, estimatesand judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. The Company hasidentified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of Company’s financial statements. These accounting policies are important for anunderstanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of theCompany’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to makeestimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitivebecause of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly frommanagement’s current judgments. The Company believes the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in thepreparation of the Company’s financial statements.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects the considerationto which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled in exchange fortransferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that asignificant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration issubsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to the customerfor more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would be reflected in a separatefinancing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financing component which provides theCompany a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interest expense accreted on the contract liabilityunder the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services is oneyear or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component, using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of the goods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receiptsover the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.53Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with thedividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. Revenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer. Revenue from allabove categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of thetransaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered and title has passed.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting the deductible inputVAT of the period, is VAT payable.54Table of ContentsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial periodof time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use orsale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal government retirementbenefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fund their retirementbenefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal government takes responsibility for theretirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly, the only obligation of the Groupwith respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employment with the Group. There are no provisionsunder the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans are considered defined contribution plans. The Grouphas no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixed contributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pensionschemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service is performed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised inother comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Groupoperates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable taxregulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred taxassets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which thosedeductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or fromthe initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accountingprofit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able to control thereversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising fromdeductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profitsagainst which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.55Table of ContentsThe carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficienttaxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based ontax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assetsreflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carryingamount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when thedeferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities wherethere is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, inwhich case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arisesfrom the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.Store preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll and supplies.The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenses when occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases areclassified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes. Leaseholdimprovements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes other thanconstruction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful lives and aftertaking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction in progressis carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment whencompleted and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for theirintended use.56Table of ContentsAn item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of theasset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) isincluded in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.The Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights to use theland on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizable valuerepresents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fair valuethrough profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model formanaging them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the practicalexpedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus in the case of a financialasset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group hasapplied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance with the policies set out for “Revenue recognition(applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cash flowsthat are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established by regulation orconvention in the marketplace.57Subsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognised inthe income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversals arerecognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair value changes arerecognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive income is recycled to theincome statement.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under HKAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. The classification isdetermined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statement when theright of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and the amount of the dividendcan be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains arerecorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income are not subject to impairmentassessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value throughprofit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for thepurpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading unless they aredesignated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interest are classified and measured atfair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to be classified at amortised cost or at fairvalue through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition ifdoing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.58Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in theincome statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separate derivative if theeconomic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet thedefinition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changesin fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cashflows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between thecontractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the originaleffective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to thecontractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are providedfor credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been asignificant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespectiveof the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. When making theassessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on thefinancial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort,including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider afinancial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full beforetaking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering thecontractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the general approach andthey are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach as detailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured at anamount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets and for whichthe loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the loss allowance ismeasured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs59Simplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of asignificant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not track changes incredit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on itshistorical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt the simplifiedapproach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed from theGroup’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to what extent, ithas retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset nortransferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Groupalso recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that theGroup has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and the maximumamount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’sfinancial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.Subsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method unless theeffect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement when the liabilities arederecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.60Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantiallymodified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference between therespective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right tooffset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to the contractualprovisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financialassets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.The Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. Theeffective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of theeffective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, where appropriate, a shorter period tothe net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.61Table of ContentsReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including trade and otherreceivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment (seeaccounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a resultof one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have been affected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequently assessed forimpairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience of collecting payments,and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national or local economic conditions thatcorrelate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between the asset’scarrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.The carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables, where thecarrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized in profit or loss. When atrade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off arecredited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment losseswas recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset at the date theimpairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.G.Safe HarborSee “Introductory Notes—ForwardLooking Information.”62Table of ContentsITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEESA.Directors and Senior ManagementThe following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors and senior management, as well as employees upon whose work we are dependent, as ofthe date of this annual report.NAMEAGEPOSITIONKeyan Yan47Chairman and Chief Executive OfficerThemis Kalapotharakos44Executive DirectorLixiaTu37Chief Financial Officer and DirectorJohn Sano49Independent DirectorMatthew C. Los54Independent DirectorZhongmin Zhang76Independent DirectorYuet Mei Chan38Independent DirectorMr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has been the Chairman of our board of directors and Chief Executive Officer since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr.Yan has over 16 years of senior management experience. He served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of KBS International between March 2011 and August2014. From 1994 to present, Mr. Yan has served as general manager of Hongri PRC. Prior to joining us, Mr. Yan served as workshop manager, production managerand marketing manager of Zhenshi Knitting Factory in Shishi, China from 19891994. Mr. Yan obtained a certificate of corporate management from Xiamen Universityin 1992.Ms. Lixia Tu. Ms. Tu became the Company’s Chief Financial Officer on June 25, 2015. Ms. Tu has more than night years of accounting and audit experience, familiarwith IFRS, US GAAP, SarbanesOxley and the compliance requirements of SEC. After she worked as a project manager at BDO China Fu Jian SHU LUN PANCertified Public Accountants for four years, she worked as a CFO or a financial consultant for some other companies. Ms. Tu holds a Master’s degree inprofessional accounting from the University of Deakin in Australia. Ms. Tu is also a member of the Chartered Association of Certified Accountants.Mr. Themis Kalapotharakos. Mr. Kalapotharakos became our executive director on June 15, 2015. Mr. Kalapotharakos has acquired a range of expertise of a widespectrum of business activities. He has extensive highlevel experience at the Shipping, Trading and Finance industries where he has founded, developed andoperated various businesses starting from the ground up. His roles involved regular communication and coordination with investors, financial institutions, capitalmarket authorities, custodian and administrative banks, auditors and legal counsel. He holds a Bachelor’s degree from Cardiff University and an MSc Degree fromCass Business School in the UK.John Sano. Mr. Sano has been an independent director of the Company since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr. Sano has over 20 years ofexperience in apparel & home furnishings concept, design, sourcing, production, and ecommerce. He has extensive experience in all aspects of the retail clothingsupply chain, from conceptualization to final production and distribution. Mr. Sano has also advised and worked closely with numerous top brands in the US. Hehas been General Director of Sano Design Services since 2002. Mr. Sano has an associate’s degree in interior design from Traphagen School of Design.Mr. Matthew C. Los. Mr. Los became our director on October 8, 2015. Mr. Los has acquired a range of expertise of a wide spectrum of business activities. He hasover 20 years’ experience at high level management, and has founded, developed and operated various businesses in the shipping, energy, telecommunications realestate industries starting from the ground up. He also has experience in the capital markets and was the CEO of Aquasition Corp., the predecessor of the Company,prior to the Share Exchange. Mr. Los has a BSc in Mechanical Engineering and Computer Aided Design from University of Westminster in the UK.Mr. Zhongmin Zhang. Mr. Zhang became our director on July 10, 2017. He has over 45 years of extensive experience in many facets of textile business, including inproduction, marketing, and management. Currently, Mr. Zhang is the president of Zhengzhou Guangda Textile Printing & Dyeing Co., Ltd. which has an annualproduction of 216 million meters of various textile products, with a value of RMB 800 million. Holding a title of Senior Engineer, Mr. Zhang graduated from HarbinInstitute of Technology in 1965. He also has certificates in finance management and civil law.Mr. Yuet Mei Chan. Ms. Chan became our director on July 10, 2017. She has over 15 years of experience in the banking industry. She held several senior positions ina prestigious bank in Hong Kong from 20012016. She is currently a financial consultant at AIA and specializes in analyzing financial situations and market trends.Ms. Chan holds a diploma in Computing and Business Studies from Hong Kong St. Perth College.No family relationship exists between any of the persons named above.63Table of ContentsB.CompensationIn 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $207,268 in cash as compensation to our directors and senior management as a group, and some of our directors andexecutive officers also received compensation in the form of annual salaries and bonuses. We do not set aside or accrue any amounts for pension, retirement orother benefits for our directors and senior management. However, we reimburse our directors for outofpocket expenses incurred in connection with their services insuch capacity.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to our executive officers and directors as compensations for theirservices. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to the Company’s executiveofficers, directors and certain employees as compensations for their service. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.2018 Equity Incentive PlanOn December 24, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2018 Plan, pursuant to which the Company may offerup to two million shares of common stock as equity incentives to its directors, employees and consultants. Such number of shares is subject to adjustment in theevent of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, stock splits, stock dividends, or other change in the corporate structure of the Companyaffecting the shares issuable under the 2018 Plan. As of December 31, 2018, we have not granted any equity awards under the 2018 Plan.The following paragraphs summarize the terms of our 2018 Plan:Purpose. The purposes of the 2018 Plan are to promote the longterm growth and profitability of the Company and its affiliates by stimulating the efforts ofemployees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates who are selected to be participants, aligning the longterm interests of participants with thoseof shareholders, heightening the desire of participants to continue in working toward and contributing to our success, attracting and retaining the best availablepersonnel for positions of substantial responsibility, and generally providing additional incentive for them to promote the success of our business through the grantof awards of or pertaining to our common stock. The 2018 Plan permits the grant of ISOs, NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share AppreciationRights, Performance Units and Performance Shares as the administrator of the 2018 Plan may determine.Administration. The 2018 Plan is administered by our Board. The administrator has the authority to determine the specific terms and conditions of all awards grantedunder the 2018 Plan, including, without limitation, the number of shares of common stock subject to each award, the price to be paid for the shares and the applicablevesting criteria. The administrator has discretion to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2018 Plan.Eligibility. NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share Appreciation Rights, Performance Units and Performance Shares may be granted to employees,directors or consultants either alone or in combination with any other awards. ISOs may be granted only to employees of the Company, and of any parent orsubsidiary.Shares Available for Issuance Under the 2018 Plan. Subject to adjustment as described below, (a) the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issuedunder the 2018 Plan is 2,000,000 shares of common stock, (b) to the extent consistent with Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the“Code”), not more than an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of common stock may be issued under ISOs, and (c) not more than 200,000 shares of common stock (or forawards denominated in cash, the Fair Market Value of 200,000 shares of common stock on the Grant Date, as defined in the 2018 Plan), may be awarded to anyindividual participant in the aggregate in any one fiscal year of the Company, such limitation to be applied in a manner consistent with the requirements of, and onlyto the extent required for compliance with, the exclusion from the limitation on deductibility of compensation under Code Section 162(m). The number and class ofshares available under the 2018 Plan are subject to adjustment in the event of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, share splits, sharedividends, or other similar events which change the number or kind of shares outstanding.64Table of ContentsTransferability. Unless otherwise provided in the 2018 Plan or otherwise determined by the administrator, an award may not be sold, pledged, assigned,hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution and may be exercised, during the lifetime of theparticipant, only by the participant. However, the administrator may, at or after the grant of an award other than an ISO, provide that such award may be transferredby the recipient to a “family member” (as defined in the 2018 Plan); provided, however, that any such transfer is without payment of any consideration whatsoeverand that no transfer shall be valid unless first approved by the administrator, acting in its sole discretion, and as required by our Amended and Restated Articles ofIncorporation. If the administrator makes an award transferable, such award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the administrator deemsappropriate.Termination of, or Amendments to, the 2018 Plan. The Board may at any time amend, alter, suspend or terminate the 2018 Plan, provided that the Company willobtain shareholder approval of any 2018 Plan amendment to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with applicable Laws. No amendment, alteration,suspension or termination of the 2018 Plan will impair the rights of any participant, unless mutually agreed otherwise between the participant and the administrator,which agreement must be in writing and signed by the participant and the Company. Termination of the 2018 Plan will not affect the administrator’s ability to exercisethe powers granted to it hereunder with respect to awards granted prior to the date of such termination.The 2018 Plan will terminate five years following the date it was adopted by the Board, unless sooner terminated by the Board.Employment AgreementsPlease refer to Item 10 “Additional Information—C. Material Contracts.”C.Board PracticesOur board of directors currently consists of seven members, Keyan Yan, Lixia Tu, John Sano, Themis Kalapotharakos, Matthew C. Los, Yuet Mei Chan andZhongmin Zhang.The Board has established the Audit Committee, which is comprised entirely of independent directors. From time to time, the Board may establish other committees.Audit CommitteeOur Audit Committee is currently composed of three members: Yuet Mei Chan, John Sano and Matthew C. Los. Our Board of Directors determined that each memberof the Audit Committee meets the independence criteria prescribed by applicable regulation and the rules of the SEC for audit committee membership. Each AuditCommittee member also meets NASDAQ’s financial literacy requirements. Matthew C. Los serves as Chair of the Audit Committee.Our Board of Directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is the “audit committee financial expert” as such term is defined in Item 407(d) of Regulation SKpromulgated by the SEC and also meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements.The Audit Committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our Company. The Audit Committee isresponsible for, among other things:●the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the independent auditor;●reviewing and preapproving all auditing services and permissible nonaudit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed by theindependent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed relatedparty transactions;●discussing the interim and annual financial statements with management and our independent auditors;●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor (a) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls, (b) theCompany’s internal audit procedures, and (c) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, and managementreports thereon;65Table of Contents●reviewing reported violations of the Company’s code of conduct and business ethics; and●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor various topics and events that may have significant financial impact on theCompany or that are the subject of discussions between management and the independent auditors.D.EmployeesAs of December 31, 2018, we employed 370 fulltime employees. The following table sets forth the number of our fulltime employees by function. FunctionNumber ofEmployeesManagement and Administration28Marketing, Sales and Distribution18Design and Product Development20Production281Procurement, Warehousing and Logistics19Quality and Assurance7TOTAL370We believe that we have maintained a satisfactory working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any significant labor disputes or anydifficulty in recruiting staff for company’s operations. None of company’s employees is represented by a labor union.Our employees in China participate in a state pension plan organized by Chinese municipal and provincial governments. The company is required to make monthlycontributions to the plan for each employee at the rate of 23% of his or her average assessable salary. In addition, the company is required by Chinese law to coveremployees in China with various types of social insurance. The company believes that it is in material compliance with the relevant PRC laws.E.Share OwnershipThe following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of each class of our voting securities as of April 26, 2019 (i) by each person who is knownby us to beneficially own more than 5% of our voting securities; (ii) by each of our officers and directors; and (iii) by all of our officers and directors as a group.NameOffice, If AnyTitle of ClassAmount andNature ofBeneficialOwnership(1)Percent ofClass(2)Officers and DirectorsKeyan Yan(3)Chairman, CEO and PresidentCommon Stock964,32037.21%Lixia TuChief Financial Officer and DirectorCommon Stock60,0002.32%Themis KalapotharakosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%John SanoDirectorCommon Stock5,0000.19%Matthew C. LosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%Zhongmin ZhangDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%Yuet Mei ChanDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%All officers and directors as a group (7 personsnamed above)1,129,32043.58%5% Security HoldersKeyan Yan (3)Common Stock964,32037.21%Alliance Investment Management Limited(4)Common Stock195,488(4)7.54%*Less than 1%(1)Beneficial Ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Eachof the beneficial owners listed above has direct ownership of and sole voting power and investment power with respect to our common stock.66Table of Contents(2)As of April 26, 2019, a total of 2,591,299 shares of commons stock are considered to be outstanding pursuant to SEC Rule 13d3(d)(1). For each Beneficial Ownerabove, any securities that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days have been included in the denominator.(3)Includes 20,000 shares of common stock owned by Bizhen Chen, Mr. Yan’s wife.(4)Based solely on Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on August 8, 2018, in which Alliance Investment Management reported it has sole voting and dispositivepower with respect to 195,488 shares of our common stock. The address of the reporting person is 7 Belmont Road, Kingston, Jamaica.None of our existing shareholders has voting rights that differ from the voting rights of other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at asubsequent date, result in our change in control.ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSA.Major ShareholdersPlease refer to Item 6 “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.”B.Related Party TransactionsFrom time to time, KBS and its subsidiaries borrowed money from our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Keyan Yan, to pay for Company expenses. Theseamounts are interestfree, unsecured and repayable on demand. In years 2017 and 2016, Mr. Yan paid all the Company expenses in connection with the Company’sNasdaq continued listing and SEC reporting out of his pocket. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of these amounts we borrowed from Mr. Yan was$485,302 and $35,483, respectively.C.Interests of Experts and CounselNot applicable.ITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATIONA.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial InformationFinancial StatementsWe have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this report. See Item 18 “Financial Statements.”Legal Proceedings We may be subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our business from time to time. We are currently not party to anylegal or arbitration proceedings, including those relating to bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings and those involving any third party, which may have, orhave had in the recent past, significant effects on our financial position or profitability.Dividend PolicyTo date, we have not paid any cash dividends on our shares. As a Marshall Islands company, we may only declare and pay dividends except when the corporationis insolvent or would thereby be made insolvent or when the declaration or payment would be contrary to any restrictions contained in our Articles ofIncorporation. Dividends may be declared and paid out of surplus only; but in case there is no surplus, dividends may be declared or paid out of the net profits forthe fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and for the preceding fiscal year. We currently anticipate that we will retain any available funds to finance thegrowth and operation of our business and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our cash held in foreign countriesmay be subject to certain control limitations or repatriation requirements, limiting our ability to use this cash to pay dividends.67Table of ContentsB.Significant ChangesNo significant change has occurred since the date of our consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTINGA.Offer and Listing DetailsOur common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market and trade under the symbol “KBSF.” Between January 23, 2013 and November 3, 2014, our commonstock was traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “AQU.” Our Warrants and Units are quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “KBSFW”and “KBSFU”, respectively. Prior to November 3, 2014, our Warrants and Units were quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “AQUUF” and “AQUUU”,respectively. Before their quotation on the OTC Markets, our Units commenced to trade on the Nasdaq Stock Market on October 26, 2012 and our Warrantscommenced to trade separately from its Units on January 23, 2013.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.Approximate Number of Holders of Our SecuritiesOn April 26, 2019, there was 1 holder of record of our Units, 359 shareholders of record of our common stock and 1 holder of record of our Warrants. Certain of oursecurities are held in nominee or street name so the actual number of beneficial owners of our securities is greater than the number of record holders set forth above.B.Plan of DistributionNot applicable.C.MarketsSee our disclosures above under “A. Offer and Listing Details.”D.Selling ShareholdersNot applicable. E.DilutionNot applicable.F.Expenses of the IssueNot applicable.68Table of ContentsITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONA.Share CapitalOur Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation authorize the Company to issue up to 155,000,000 shares with a par value of $0.0001, consisting of 150,000,000shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of date of this report, there are 2,591,299 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Wehave never issued any preferred stock.●As of date of this report, we have 717 IPO Units outstanding.●As of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding (including 369,302 IPO Warrants and 24,534 Placement Warrants), each warrant entitles theholder to purchase one share of common stock at a purchase price of $172.5.B.Memorandum and Articles of AssociationThe following represents a summary of certain key provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. The summary does not purport to be a summary of allof the provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. For more complete information you should read our amended and restated articles ofincorporation and bylaws, each listed as an exhibit to this report.We were incorporated in the Marshall Islands on January 26, 2012 under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BCA”). The purpose of the Company isto engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may now or hereafter be organized under the BCA. Our amended and restated articles of incorporationand bylaws do not impose any limitations on the ownership rights of our stockholders.Description of Common StockEach outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Upon our dissolution, liquidation orwinding up of the affairs of the Company, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidationpreferences, if any, the holders or our common stock will be entitled to receive pro rata our remaining assets available for distribution. Holders of common stock donot have conversion, redemption or preemptive rights to subscribe to any of our securities.Blank Check Preferred Stock.Our Board of Directors is authorized, without any further vote or action by our stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in different classesand series and, with respect to each class or series, to determine the designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights,conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the powers and rights associated with the common stock,at such times and on such other terms as they think proper. Our Board of Directors may issue shares of preferred stock on terms calculated to discourage, delay orprevent a change of control of our company or the removal of our management.WarrantsAs of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding, among which 369,302 warrants were issued to the public in our IPO (the “IPO Warrants”). Each ofthe IPO Warrants entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.5 expiring on July 31, 2019, provided that there is an effectiveregistration statement covering the shares of common stock underlying the IPO Warrants.69Table of ContentsThe Company may redeem the IPO Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon 30 days’ notice, after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, only inthe event that the last sale price of the shares of common stock is at least $17.50 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30trading day period (“30Day TradingPeriod”) ending three business days prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is a current registration statement in effect with respectto the shares of common stock underlying such IPO Warrants throughout the 30day redemption period. The Company is only required to use its best efforts tomaintain the effectiveness of the registration statement covering the underlying common stock of the IPO Warrants. There are no contractual penalties for failure todeliver securities if a registration statement is not effective at the time of exercise. Additionally, in the event that a registration statement is not effective at the time ofexercise, the holder of such warrant shall not be entitled to exercise such warrant for cash and in no event (whether in the case of a registration statement not beingeffective or otherwise) will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrant exercise.In addition, Aqua Investments Corp., an entity controlled by certain founding shareholders of the Company, acquired 24,534 warrants, each entitles the holder topurchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50, expiring on July 31, 2019 (the “Placement Warrants”). The Placement Warrants are identical to the IPOWarrants except that the Placement Warrants (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis; (ii) will not be redeemable by the Company and (ii) may beexercised even if there is not an effective registration statement relating to the shares underlying the warrants, so long as they are held by the initial purchaser orany of its permitted transferees.As of date of this report, we also have 717 IPO Units outstanding and publicly trading, each including one IPO Warrant and one share of our common stock.DirectorsThe business and affairs of the Company are managed by or under the direction of our Board of Directors.Our directors are elected by the holders of the shares representing a majority of the total voting power of the thenoutstanding capital stock of the Company entitledto vote generally in the election of directors (“Voting Stock”). Our amended and restated articles of incorporation provide that cumulative voting shall not be used toelect directors. Each director will be elected to serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his/her successor shall have been duly elected andqualified, except in the event of his/her death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of his/her term of office.Any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of thetotal voting power of the Voting Stock entitled to vote thereon or with cause by directors constituting at least twothirds of the entire Board.Vacancies in the Board of Directors occurring by death, resignation, the creation of new directorships, the failure of the shareholders to elect the whole board at anyannual election of directors, or, except as herein provided, for any other reason, including removal of directors for cause, may be filled either by the affirmative voteof a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, at any special meeting called for that purpose or at any regular meeting of theBoard. Vacancies occurring by removal of directors without cause may be filled only by vote of the shareholders.Shareholder MeetingsAnnual stockholder meetings will be held at a time and place selected by our board of directors. The meetings may be held in or outside of the Marshall Islands.Under our amended and restated articles of incorporation, special meetings may be called by the board of directors, or by the secretary of the Company requestedby stockholders representing certain amount of voting power. Our board of directors shall give not less than 15 days and not more than 60 days prior written noticeof a shareholders’ meeting to each shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat and to each shareholder of record who, by reason of any action proposed at suchmeeting would be entitled to have his/her shares appraised if such action were taken, and the notice shall include a statement of that purpose and to that effect.Our bylaws provide that a meeting of shareholders is duly constituted if, at the commencement of the meeting, there are shareholders present in person or by proxyrepresenting not less than a majority of the votes of the shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on resolutions of shareholders to be considered at themeeting.70Table of ContentsIf a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of stock represented at the meeting will be the act of the shareholders. At any meeting ofshareholders, each shareholder entitled to vote any shares on any manner to be voted upon at such meeting shall be entitled to one vote on such matter for eachsuch share. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the action so taken, issigned by all the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof.Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal and Payment.Under the BCA, our stockholders have the right to dissent from various corporate actions, including any merger or sale of all or substantially all of our assets notmade in the usual course of our business, and receive payment of the fair value of their shares. However, the right of a dissenting stockholder to receive payment ofthe fair value of his or her shares shall not be available for any shares of stock of the constituent corporation surviving a merger if the merger did not require for itsapproval the vote of the stockholders of the surviving corporation. In the event of any further amendment of our articles of incorporation, a stockholder also has theright to dissent and receive payment for his or her shares if the amendment alters certain rights in respect of those shares. The dissenting stockholder must followthe procedures set forth in the BCA to receive payment. In the event that we and any dissenting stockholder fail to agree on a price for the shares, the BCAprocedures involve, among other things, the institution of proceedings in the circuit court in the judicial circuit in the Marshall Islands in which our Marshall Islandsoffice is situated. The value of the shares of the dissenting stockholder is fixed by the court after reference, if the court so elects, to the recommendations of a courtappointed appraiser.Stockholders’ Derivative ActionsUnder the BCA, any of our stockholders may bring an action in our name to procure a judgment in our favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that thestockholder bringing the action is a holder of common stock both at the time the derivative action is commenced and at the time of the transaction to which theaction relates.Indemnification of Officers and DirectorsThe BCA authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors and officers to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages forbreaches of directors’ fiduciary duties. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation include a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors formonetary damages for actions taken as a director to the fullest extent permitted by law. We must indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorizedby law. We are also expressly authorized to advance certain expenses (including attorneys’ fees and disbursements and court costs) to our directors and offices andcarry directors’ and officers’ insurance providing indemnification for our directors, officers and certain employees for some liabilities.The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws may discourage stockholders frombringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigationagainst directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. In addition, your investment may beadversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.C.Material ContractsWe have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in Item 4 “Information on theCompany,” Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations,” Item 7 “Major Shareholders and RelatedParty Transactions,” or filed (or incorporated by reference) as exhibits to this annual report or otherwise described or referenced in this annual report.D.Exchange ControlsMarshall Islands Exchange ControlsUnder Marshall Islands law, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect theremittance of dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our shares.71Table of ContentsBVI Exchange ControlsThere are no material exchange controls restrictions on payment of dividends, interest or other payments to the holders of our common stock or on the conduct ofour operations in the BVI, where we were incorporated. There are no material BVI laws that impose any material exchange controls on us or that affect the paymentof dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our common stock. BVI law and our memorandum and articles of association do not impose anymaterial limitations on the right of nonresidents or foreign owners to hold or vote our common stock.PRC Exchange ControlsRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued bySAFE and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade and service payments, payment ofinterest and dividends can be made without prior approval from SAFE by following the appropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMBinto foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRC for the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments,loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from SAFE or its local office.On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency Management Policy on Direct Investment, effective fromJune 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investmentfrom SAFE. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for the purpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed withqualified banks, which, under the supervision of SAFE, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise, or SAFE Circular 19,was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to SAFE Circular 19, a foreigninvested enterprise may, according to its actualbusiness needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchange bureau has confirmedmonetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the time being, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shall truthfully use itscapital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equity investment with theamount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open a corresponding Account forForeign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming andRegulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or SAFE Circular 16, was promulgated and became effective on June 9,2016. According to SAFE Circular 16, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreign currency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionarybasis. SAFE Circular 16 provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items (including but not limited to foreigncurrency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. SAFE Circular 16 reiterates the principle thatRenminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope andmay not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guarantee the principal within the PRCunless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless it is within the businessscope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Optimizing Genuineness and ComplianceVerification, or SAFE Circular 3, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits from domestic entities tooffshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution, original copies oftax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses before remitting any profits.Moreover, pursuant to SAFE Circular 3, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provide boardresolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.72Table of ContentsRegulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsSAFE issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special PurposeVehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issues Concerning theRegulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles, to regulateforeign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investment and financing orconduct round trip investment in China. SAFE Circular 37 defines a SPV as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly or indirectly, by PRC residents orentities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets or interests, while “round tripinvestment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through SPVs, namely, establishing foreigninvested enterprises to obtain theownership, control rights and management rights. SAFE Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into an SPV, PRC residents or entities be required tocomplete foreign exchange registration with SAFE or its local branch. In addition, SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving theAdministration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended SAFE Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015,requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.PRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to SPVs but had not obtained registration as required before theimplementation of the SAFE Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the SPVs with qualified banks. An amendment to the registration isrequired if there is a material change with respect to the SPV registered, such as any change of basic information (including change of the PRC residents, name andoperation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers or divisions. Failure to comply with the registrationprocedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclose controllers of the foreigninvestedenterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to itsoffshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities to penalties under PRC foreignexchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companiesby PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRCsubsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansSAFE promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan ofOverseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issued by SAFE in March 2007. Pursuant tothe Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residents participating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted companyare required to register with SAFE or its local branches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents mustconduct the SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of theoverseas publicly listed company or another qualified institution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevantSAFE registration should there be any material change to the stock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of thePRC residents who have the right to exercise the employee stock options, apply to SAFE or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreigncurrencies in connection with the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the saleof shares under the stock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRCopened by the PRC agents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.73Table of ContentsWe adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We have advised therecipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice. However, wecannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subjectthe PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016 respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014 respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our BVI holding company may rely on dividend payments from IST,which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on the ability of ourconsolidated VIEs to make remittance to IST and on the ability of IST to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations ofthose entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends andother distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you,and otherwise fund and conduct our business”E.TaxationThe following is a general summary of the material Marshall Islands, Hong Kong, BVI, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to an investmentin our units, shares of common stock and warrants to acquire our shares of common stock, sometimes referred to collectively in this summary as our “securities”.The discussion is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal or tax advice to any particular prospective purchaser. The discussion is based on lawsand relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change or different interpretations, possibly withretroactive effect. The discussion does not address United States state or local tax laws, or tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Marshall Islands, Hong Kong,the BVI, the PRC and the United States. We recommend that you consult your own tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquisition, ownership anddisposition of our securities.Marshall Islands TaxationThe following are the material Marshall Islands tax consequences of our activities to us and to our stockholders and warrant holders of investing in our CommonStock and warrants. Under current Marshall Islands law, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains, and no Marshall Islands withholding tax or income taxwill be imposed upon payments of dividends by us to our stockholders or proceeds from the disposition of our common stock and warrants, provided suchstockholders or warrant holders, as the case may be, are not residents in the Marshall Islands. There is no tax treaty between the United States and the Republic ofthe Marshall Islands.BVI TaxationThe BVI does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid to us by our BVI subsidiary, nor does the BVI levy any capital gains or income taxes on us or our BVIsubsidiary. However, our BVI subsidiary is required to pay the BVI government an annual license fee based on the number of shares it is authorized to issue.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the BVI.74Table of ContentsHong Kong TaxationOur Hong Kong subsidiaries, under the current laws of Hong Kong, are subject to profits tax of 16.5%. No provision for Hong Kong profits tax has been made asour Hong Kong subsidiaries have no taxable income.PRC TaxationWe are a holding company incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which indirectly holds our equity interests in our PRC operating subsidiaries. The EIT Law and itsimplementation rules, both of which became effective as of January 1, 2008, provide that a PRC enterprise is subject to a standard income tax rate of 25% and Chinasourced income of foreign enterprises, such as dividends paid by a PRC subsidiary to its overseas parent, will normally be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of10%, unless there are applicable treaties between the overseas parent’s jurisdiction of incorporation and China to reduce such rate.Under the Arrangement between the Mainland and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention ofFiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, or the Double Taxation Arrangement, effective as of January 1, 2007, such dividend withholding tax rate is reducedto 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns over 25% of the PRC company distributing the dividends. Under the aforesaid arrangement, any dividends that ourPRC operating subsidiaries pay to their Hong Kong holding companies may be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 5% if they are not considered to be a PRC“resident enterprise” as described below. However, if the Hong Kong holdings companies are not considered to be the “beneficial owner” of such dividends underthe Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties promulgated by the State Administration of Taxation on October 27,2009 (and not a PRC “resident enterprise”), such dividends would be subject to the withholding tax rate of 10%. The withholding tax rate of 5% or 10% applicablewill have a significant impact on the amount of dividends to be received by us and ultimately by shareholders.According to the Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties, the term “beneficial owner” refers to a person who hasthe right to own and dispose of the income and the rights or properties generated from the said income. The “beneficial owner” may be an individual, a company orany other organization which is usually engaged in substantial business operations. A conduit company is not a “beneficial owner.” The term “conduit company”refers to a company which is usually established for purposes of dodging or reducing taxes, and transferring or accumulating profits. Such a company is onlyregistered in the country of domicile to satisfy the organizational form as required by law, but it does not engage in such substantial business operations asmanufacturing, distribution and management. As our Hong Kong holding companies are controlling companies and are not engaged in substantial businessoperations, they could be considered as conduit companies by tax authorities and we do not expect them to be a beneficial owner.In addition to the changes to the current tax structure, under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto management bodies” withinChina is considered a resident enterprise and will normally be subject to an EIT of 25% on its global income. The implementing rules define the term “de factomanagement bodies” as “an establishment that exercises, in substance, overall management and control over the production, business, personnel, accounting, etc.,of a Chinese enterprise.”It remains unclear whether the PRC tax authorities would require or permit our overseas registered entities to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. We do notcurrently consider our company to be a PRC resident enterprise. However, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterpriseincome tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on ourworldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on offering proceedsand nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although under the EIT Law and its implementing rulesdividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued guidance with respect to the processing ofoutbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidance issuedwith respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation in which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to our nonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC shareholders from transferring our shares.75Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income TaxationThe following is a discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our securities. It does notpurport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s situation. The discussion applies only toholders that hold their securities as capital assets (generally property held for investment) within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based on the Code, income tax regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial positions, published positions of theInternal Revenue Service, or the IRS, and other applicable authorities, all as in effect as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly withretroactive effect. This discussion is general in nature and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations, nor does the discussion address any state, local orforeign tax considerations or any U.S. tax considerations (e.g., estate or gift tax) other than U.S. federal income tax considerations, that may be applicable toparticular holders.This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant in light of particular circumstances, nor does it address the U.S.federal income tax consequences to persons who are subject to special rules under U.S. federal income tax law, including:●banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions;●persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;●taxexempt organizations;●controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid United States federal incometax;●certain former citizens or longterm residents of the United States;●dealers in securities or currencies;●traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting for their securities holdings;●persons that own, or are deemed to own, more than five percent of our capital stock;●holders who acquired our stock as compensation or pursuant to the exercise of a stock option; or●persons who hold our shares as a position in a hedging transaction, “straddle,” or other risk reduction transaction.For purposes of this discussion, a U.S. holder is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (ii) acorporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States (or treated assuch under applicable U.S. tax laws), any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardlessof its source; or (iv) a trust if (a) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have theauthority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) it has a valid election in effect under applicable law and regulations to be treated as a U.S. person forU.S. federal income tax purposes. A nonU.S. holder is a holder that is neither a U.S. holder nor a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S.federal income tax purposes.In the case of a partnership or entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally willdepend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal incometax consequences to them of the merger or of the ownership and disposition of our shares.As a result of consummation of the Share Exchange, (i) we acquired substantially all the properties of KBS International, a U.S. corporation, and (ii) the formershareholders of KBS International held at least 80 percent of our common stock by reason of having held stock of KBS International. Accordingly, under Section7874 of the Code, we are treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as a U.S. corporation and, among other consequences, are subject to U.S. federal income tax on ourworldwide income. This discussion assumes that Section 7874 of the Code continues to apply to treat us as a U.S. corporation for all purposes under the Code. If,for some reason (e.g., future repeal of Section 7874 of the Code), we were no longer treated as a U.S. corporation under the Code, the U.S. federal income taxconsequences described herein could be materially and adversely affected.76Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. HoldersDistributionsIn the event that distributions are paid on our common stock, the gross amount of such distributions will be included in the gross income of the U.S. holder asdividend income on the date of receipt to the extent that the distribution is paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federalincome tax principles. Such dividends will be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Dividends received by noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, may be subject to reduced rates of taxation under current law. A U.S. holdermay be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed on dividends paid by us. However, the foreign tax credit rules arecomplex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 of the Code and the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and theGovernment of the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, or theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty, is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may be entitled to underthe foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.To the extent that dividends paid on our common stock exceed current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distributions will be treated first as a taxfree returnof tax basis on our common stock, and to the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds tax basis, the excess will be treated as gain from the disposition ofthose common stock. Because Section 7874 of the Code has applied to treat us as a U.S. corporation only since consummation of the Share Exchange in 2014, wemay not be able to demonstrate to the IRS the extent to which a distribution on our common stock exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (asdetermined under U.S. federal income tax principles), in which case all of such distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.Sale or Other DispositionU.S. holders of our common stock will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of common stock equal to the differencebetween the amount realized for the common stock and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the common stock. This gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss. Undercurrent law, noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, are eligible for reduced tax rates if the common stock has been held for more than one year. Thedeductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. A U.S. holder may be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed ongain from the sale or other disposition of common stock. However, the foreign tax credit rules are complex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 ofthe Code and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may beentitled to under the foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Unearned Income Medicare ContributionCertain U.S. holders who are individuals, trusts or estates are required to pay an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on, among other things, dividends on and capitalgains from the sale or other disposition of shares of stock. U.S. holders should consult their own advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this rule on their ownershipand disposition of our common stock.U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for NonU.S. HoldersDistributionsThe rules applicable to nonU.S. holders for determining the extent to which distributions on our common stock, if any, constitute dividends for U.S. federal incometax purposes are the same as for U.S. holders. See “–U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. Holders– Distributions.”77Table of ContentsAny dividends paid to a nonU.S. holder by us are treated as income derived from sources within the United States and generally will be subject to U.S. federalincome tax withholding at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends, or at a lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty if nonU.S. holdersprovide proper certification of eligibility for the lower rate (usually on IRS Form W8BEN or W8BENE). Dividends received by a nonU.S. holder that are effectivelyconnected with such holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business (and, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained bythe nonU.S. holder in the U.S.) are exempt from such withholding tax, provided that applicable certification requirements are satisfied. In such case, however, nonU.S. holders will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such dividends, net of certain deductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. In addition, corporatenonU.S. holders may be subject to an additional branch profits tax equal to 30% or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable tax treaty on dividendsreceived that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.If nonU.S. holders are eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, such nonU.S. holders may obtain a refund ofany excess amounts withheld by filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.Sale or Other DispositionExcept as described below for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, any gain realized by a nonU.S. holder upon the saleor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:criminal liability in serious cases.According to the PRC Product Quality Law, consumers or other victims who suffer injury or property losses due to product defects may demand compensation fromthe manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the corresponding amount from the manufacturer if the manufactureris responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Relating to Consumer ProtectionThe principal legal provisions for the protection of consumer interests are set forth in the Law of the PRC on Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests, or theConsumer Protection Law, which was promulgated in October 1993 amended in October 2013. The Consumer Protection Law sets forth standards of behavior thatbusinesses must observe in their dealings with consumers.Violations of the Consumer Protection Law may result in the imposition of fines. In addition, the violating entity may be ordered to suspend its operations, and itsbusiness license may be revoked. There may also be criminal liability in serious cases.According to the Consumer Protection Law, if the legal rights and interests of a consumer are violated during the purchase or use of goods, the consumer may seekcompensation from the seller. If the manufacturer or an upstream distributor is responsible, after compensating the consumer, the seller may recover thecorresponding amount from the manufacturer or the upstream distributor. Consumers or other persons who suffer personal injury or property damages due todefects in products may seek compensation from the manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the correspondingamount from the manufacturer if the manufacturer is responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Related to TrademarksThe PRC Trademark Law, adopted in 1982 and revised in 2001 and 2013, protects the proprietary rights to registered trademarks. The Trademark Office under theState Administration of Industry and Commerce handles trademark registration and grants a term of ten years to registered trademarks and another ten years totrademarks as requested upon expiry of the prior term. Trademark license agreements and transfer agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record.37Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Environmental MattersOur facilities are subject to various governmental regulations related to environmental protection. We use a myriad of chemicals in our operations and produceemissions that could pose environmental risks. Our manufacturing facilities are subject to various pollution control regulations with respect to noise, water and airpollution and the disposal of waste and hazardous materials, including, China’s Environmental Protection Law, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Appraisingof Environment Impacts, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of AirPollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution, and China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of NoisePollution. We are subject to periodic inspections by local environmental protection authorities.We did not incur material costs in environmental compliance in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016. We believe we are in material compliance with the relevant PRCenvironmental laws and regulations. We are not currently subject to any pending actions alleging any violations of applicable PRC environmental laws.Regulations Related to EmploymentThe PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law require that employers must execute written employment contracts with fulltime employees. All employers mustcompensate their employees with wages equal to at least the local minimum wage standards. Violations of the PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law may resultin the imposition of fines and other administrative sanctions, and serious violations may constitute criminal offences.On December 28, 2012, the PRC Labor Contract Law was amended with effect on July 1, 2013 to impose more stringent requirements on labor dispatch. Under suchlaw, dispatched workers are entitled to pay equal to that of fulltime employees for equal work, but the number of dispatched workers that an employer hires may notexceed a certain percentage of its total number of employees as determined by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Additionally, dispatchedworkers are only permitted to engage in temporary, auxiliary or substitute work. According to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch promulgated by theMinistry of Human Resources and Social Security on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014, the number of dispatched workers hired by anemployer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees (including both directly hired employees and dispatched workers). The Interim Provisions onLabor Dispatch require employers not in compliance with the PRC Labor Contract Law in this regard to reduce the number of its dispatched workers to below 10% ofthe total number of its employees prior to March 1, 2016.Enterprises in China are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in certain employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pensionplan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a workrelated injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund,and contribute to the plans or funds in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of the employees as specified by thelocal government from time to time at locations where they operate their businesses or where they are located. The enterprise may be ordered to pay the full amountwithin a deadline if it fails to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans and may be subject to fines and other administrative sanctions.Regulations Relating to Foreign ExchangeRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued by theState Administration of Foreign Exchange and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade andservice payments, payment of interest and dividends can be made without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange by following theappropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRCfor the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange or its local office.38Table of ContentsOn February 13, 2015, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency ManagementPolicy on Direct Investment, effective from June 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign directinvestment and overseas direct investment from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for thepurpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed with qualified banks, which, under the supervision of the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to this Circular, a foreigninvested enterprise may,according to its actual business needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchangebureau has confirmed monetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the timebeing, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shalltruthfully use its capital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equityinvestment with the amount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open acorresponding Account for Foreign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of theState Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts waspromulgated and became effective on June 9, 2016. According to this Circular, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreigncurrency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionary basis. This Circular provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items(including but not limited to foreign currency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. ThisCircular reiterates the principle that Renminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposesbeyond its business scope and may not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guaranteethe principal within the PRC unless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless itis within the business scope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration andOptimizing Genuineness and Compliance Verification, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits fromdomestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution,original copies of tax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses beforeremitting any profits. Moreover, pursuant to this Circular, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provideboard resolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and RoundtripInvestment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Issues Concerning the Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore SpecialPurpose Vehicles, to regulate foreign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investmentand financing or conduct round trip investment in China. Circular 37 defines a “special purpose vehicle” as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly orindirectly, by PRC residents or entities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets orinterests, while “round trip investment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through special purpose vehicles, namely, establishingforeigninvested enterprises to obtain the ownership, control rights and management rights. Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into a specialpurpose vehicle, PRC residents or entities be required to complete foreign exchange registration with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranch. In addition, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the ForeignExchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015, requiring PRC residents or entities toregister with qualified banks rather than the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.39Table of ContentsPRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to special purpose vehicles but had not obtained registration asrequired before the implementation of the Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the special purpose vehicles with qualified banks. Anamendment to the registration is required if there is a material change with respect to the special purpose vehicle registered, such as any change of basic information(including change of the PRC residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers ordivisions. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclosecontrollers of the foreigninvested enterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchangeactivities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, sharetransfer or liquidation, to its offshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities topenalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating toinvestments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our abilityto inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic IndividualsParticipating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issuedby the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in March 2007. Pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residentsparticipating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted company are required to register with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents must conduct the registration and other procedures withrespect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of the overseas publicly listed company or another qualifiedinstitution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevant registration should there be any material change to thestock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of the PRC residents who have the right to exercise the employeestock options, apply to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreign currencies in connectionwith the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the sale of shares under thestock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRC opened by the PRCagents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.We have adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we will have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We haveadvised the recipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.However, we cannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock IncentivePlan Notice. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plansmay subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016, respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014, respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our Marshall Islands holding company may rely on dividend paymentsfrom Hongri PRC, which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on theability of our other PRC subsidiaries to make remittance to Hongri PRC and on the ability of Hongri PRC to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cashgenerated by the operations of those entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We rely to a significant extent on dividends and otherdistributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiary to fund offshore cash and financing requirements.”40Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Overseas ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the StateOwned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective onSeptember 8, 2006 and was amended on June 22, 2009. These regulations, among other things, require that (i) PRC entities or individuals obtain approval from theMinistry of Commerce before they establish or control a special purpose vehicle overseas, provided that they intend to use the special purpose vehicle to acquiretheir equity interests in a PRC company at the consideration of newly issued share of the special purpose vehicle, or Share Swap, and list their equity interests in thePRC company overseas by listing the special purpose vehicle in an overseas market; (ii) the special purpose vehicle obtains approval from the Ministry ofCommerce before it acquires the equity interests held by the PRC entities or PRC individual in the PRC company by Share Swap; and (iii) the special purpose vehicleobtains China Securities Regulatory Commission approval before it lists overseas. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The approval ofthe China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with this offering under a PRC regulation. The regulation also establishes more complexprocedures for acquisitions conducted by foreign investors that could make it more difficult for us to grow through acquisitions.”Regulations Relating to TaxationDividend Withholding TaxIn March 2007, the National People’s Congress enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law which became effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on February 24,2017. According to Enterprise Income Tax Law, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a foreigninvested enterprise in China to its foreignenterprise investors are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that providesfor a preferential withholding arrangement. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Negotiated Reduction of Dividends and Interest Rates,issued on January 29, 2008 and supplemented and revised on February 29, 2008, and the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, which became effective onDecember 8, 2006 and applicable to income derived in any year of assessment commencing on or after April 1, 2007 in Hong Kong and in any year commencing on orafter January 1, 2007 in the PRC, such withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong enterprise is deemed the beneficial owner of any dividend paid by aPRC subsidiary by PRC tax authorities and holds at least 25% of the equity interest in that particular PRC subsidiary at all times within the 12month periodimmediately prior to the distribution of the dividends. Furthermore, pursuant to the Announcement on Issues concerning “Beneficial Owners” in Tax Treaties issuedon February 3, 2018 by the State Administration of Taxation, when determining the status of “beneficial owners,” a comprehensive analysis may be conductedthrough materials such as articles of association, financial statements, records of capital flows, minutes of board of directors, resolutions of board of directors,allocation of manpower and material resources, the relevant expenses, functions and risk assumption, loan contracts, royalty contracts or transfer contracts, patentregistration certificates and copyright certificates, etc. However, even if an applicant has the status as a “beneficiary owner,” if the competent tax authority findsnecessity to apply the principal purpose test clause in the tax treaties or the general antitax avoidance rules stipulated in domestic tax laws, the general antitaxavoidance provisions shall apply.Enterprise Income TaxIn December 2007, the State Council promulgated the Implementing Rules of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008. TheEnterprise Income Tax Law and its relevant implementing rules (i) impose a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate, which is applicable to both foreigninvestedenterprises and domestic enterprises (ii) permits companies to continue to enjoy their existing tax incentives, subject to certain transitional phaseout rules and(iii) introduces new tax incentives, subject to various qualification criteria.41Table of ContentsThe Enterprise Income Tax Law also provides that enterprises organized under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies”located within China may be considered PRC resident enterprises and therefore be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwideincome. The implementing rules further define the term “de facto management body” as the management body that exercises substantial and overall managementand control over the production and operations, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. If an enterprise organized under the laws of jurisdictionoutside China is considered a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, itwould be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. Second, a 10% withholding tax would be imposed on dividends itpays to its nonPRC enterprise shareholders and with respect to gains derived by its nonPRC enterprise shareholders from transfer of its shares.On October 17, 2017, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Bulletin on Issues Concerning the Withholding of NonPRC Resident Enterprise Income Tax atSource, or Bulletin 37, which replaced the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by NonPRC Resident Enterprisesissued by the State Administration of Taxation on December 10, 2009, and partially replaced and supplemented rules under the Bulletin on Issues of EnterpriseIncome Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by NonPRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7, issued by the State Administration of Taxation on February 3, 2015.Under Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by nonPRC resident enterprises may be recharacterizedand treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose ofavoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. In respect of anindirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the relevant gain is to be regarded as effectively connected with the PRC establishment and thereforeincluded in its enterprise income tax filing, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relatesto the immoveable properties in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not effectively connected to a PRC establishment of a nonresident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax at 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similararrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Pursuant to Bulletin 37, the withholding party shalldeclare and pay the withheld tax to the competent tax authority in the place where such withholding party is located within seven days from the date of occurrenceof the withholding obligation. Both Bulletin 37 and Bulletin 7 do not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange wheresuch shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We and our existingshareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a Chinese establishmentof a nonChinese company, or immovable properties located in China owned by nonChinese companies.”ValueAdded TaxIn November 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Pilot Plan for Imposition of ValueAdded Tax to ReplaceBusiness Tax. In March 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation further promulgated the Notice on Fully Promoting the Pilot Plan forReplacing Business Tax by ValueAdded Tax. Pursuant to this Pilot Plan and the relevant notice, value added tax at a rate of 6% is generally imposed, on anationwide basis, on the revenue generated from the provision of service in lieu of business tax in the modern service industries. Value added tax of a rate of 6%applies to revenue derived from the provision of some modern services. Unlike business tax, a taxpayer is allowed to offset the qualified input value added tax paidon taxable purchases against the output value added tax chargeable on the modern services provided.C.Organizational StructureSee “—A. History and Development of the Company—Corporate Structure” above for details of our current organizational structure.42Table of ContentsD.Property, Plants and EquipmentOur company has established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31,2018, this network was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, our company’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The facilityhas a production capacity of 2 million pieces per year and we move in upon the completion of phase 2 in year 2015. By relocating from the coastal area to AnhuiProvince, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a more stable labor supply. We manufacture a variety of menswear products, including, jeans,shirts, suits and socks. Because of its variety and complexity in the production process, these products require special sewing machines and workmanship, whichwe currently do not possess. As a result, the Company is not yet able to produce KBS branded products and has outsourced its KBS branded productmanufacturing to other established ODM and OEM manufacturers in the Fujian and Zhejiang regions. The Company has completed the second phase constructionof its new factory at the end of 2014. The second phase has an annual production capacity of 5 million pieces subject to our purchasing additional equipment.Currently Anhui factory mainly produces OEM orders and some international orders.Our production facility consists of total 110,557 square meters of land. We obtained a portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square metersand 2,440 square meters in May 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildingsand offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need foradditional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of landhas been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Oncethe construction of the new production facilities is completed, our total production capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year fromthe current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.In 2016, we closed 1 corporate store and as of December 31, 2018, we leased the premises for our sole remaining corporate store. We have undertaken variousmeasures to verify the lessees’ rights to the property leased to us in respect of its stores. In China, all land is owned by the State or other governmental bodies, and“ownership” is generally evidenced by a land use rights certificate. We rent some stores that were located in rural areas where land use rights are held collectivelyby villages and records regarding the ownership of land use rights are frequently not kept. In these cases, the company has confirmed our ability to lease the storesthrough communications with village authorities, and has reviewed electricity and water bills to confirm utilities are being paid by the parties leasing the premises tous. Based on the results of these efforts, we believe the risk of third party claims against our leases of these stores is relatively small and the measures taken by ourcompany are sufficient to verify the land use rights for all of its stores.In addition, the property used as our head office and corporate store is leased from a related party, whose ownership of the property has been verified by ourcompany. We paid a total of RMB720,000, RMB 720,000, and RMB 720,000, as rental fees for the existing corporate stores during the fiscal years 2016, 2017 and 2018,respectively. The total area of these 2 corporate stores is 158 square meters. The sales of each store and its location are shown below:AreaSales in fiscalyear 2016(USD)Sales in fiscalyear 2017(USD)Sales in fiscalyear2018(USD)Shishi factory1,240,354.74772,299691,431Quanzhou Dayang (closed in 2016)470,280.90Total:1,710,635.64772,299691,43143Table of ContentsITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot required.ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSWe are engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of casual menswear in China, including apparel and accessories, which we market under the KBSbrand. The KBS brand was developed in 2006. Before 2012, we were engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of fashion sportswear in China. Sinceour products feature a unique and stylish design that is more fashionable than traditional sportswear, as well as quality fabrics and materials and the sportswearmarket was becoming more and more competitive, in late 2011 we turned our focus on casual menswear market which has higher profit margin. KBS’s apparelproducts include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, Jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, belts and caps. In 2016, the suggestedretail prices of KBS’s products ranged from RMB199 to RMB1,499 for its apparel products and RMB15 to RMB899 for its accessory products. KBS holds newproducts launch events twice every year, one in spring and the other in autumn. Since 2006, we have launched about 1,500,536 collections of new products eachyear with a different theme to highlight the current trends for the season. KBS’s marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese.” KBS’scustomers are male middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range, primarily located in tier two and tier three cities in China. The company has adopted “KBS” as auniform brand name, which stands for “Keep Best Style”, and KBS are designed by us for a uniform look and feel that fits our brand image, with instore displaysthat accentuate the quality and style of our products across all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. We believe that the KBSbrand has become a recognized brand name in the cities where their products are sold.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors. Thenumber of stores grew significantly from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006 to 31 corporate stores as of December 31, 2012 and 96franchised stores as of December 31, 2013, and decreased to 84 stores as of December 31, 2014. Because of the recent softening of economic growing in China andfierce competition from our competitors, online store sales of franchised stores and corporate stores went down in 2015 as compared with the previous year. In 2017and 2018, the distributors closed 15 and 8 franchised stores, respectively, and we closed 1 corporate store in year 2016. We generate more revenues from OEM in2018 and intend to generate more in OEM and target area from acquisitions.KBS also acts as an original design manufacturer, or ODM, upon request. Income from such services accounted for 14%, 7.3% and 9% of revenue for the yearsended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, KBS’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The company believesthat the shortage of labor and rising wage expectations in China, especially in the coastal area, could have a material impact on our operations as well as itssuppliers’ cost of manufacturing. By relocating from the coastal area to inland Anhui Province, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a morestable labor supply. Since the company’s original production team was not ready to produce the new style KBS products, KBS has outsourced its productmanufacturing to other established ODM manufacturers. As such, KBS’s own production facility in Taihu mainly takes OEM orders from other sportswearcompanies, like Xtep. Our production facility in Taihu, Anhui Province includes three parcels of land with a total area of 110,557 square meters. We have obtainedland use rights for two parcels of land with an area of 9,845 square meters in 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction ofthe adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire theland use right of the third parcel of land. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 can be continued. Once completed, our totalproduction capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year. We do not necessarilyrely on our own production facility to satisfy the demand of our products as we may outsource some or all of the production work to various ODM and OEMmanufacturers in China.44Table of ContentsA.Principal Factors Affecting Financial PerformanceOur operating results are primarily affected by the following factors:●Growth of China’s menswear industry. With approximately onefifth of the world’s population and a fastgrowing gross domestic product, Chinarepresents a significant growth opportunity for a wide variety of retail goods, including apparel. The enhanced living standards and increased disposableincome that has resulted from the vibrant economic growth has driven the rapid development of the men’s apparel market in China in recent years. China iscurrently one of the world’s largest men’s apparel markets. As a leading provider of casual menswear in China, we believe we are well positioned tocapitalize on the favorable economic, demographic and industry trends in this sector.●Brand recognition. We derive all of our revenues from sales of the KBS branded products in China, and our success depends on the market perceptionand acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture, lifestyle and images associated with this brand. Market acceptance of our brand may affect the sellingprices and market demand for our products, the profit margin of us can achieve, and our ability to grow.●Ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network. The ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in terms of floor area in our salesnetwork affects our results of operations in a given period. The franchised stores operated by our distributors have been and will continue to be the maincontributor to our revenue for the foreseeable future. Under the distribution business model, we sell directly to our distributors and recognize revenuesupon delivery of our products to them. Such distribution network has enabled us to accelerate sales growth at a much lower cost than opening direct storesand has limited our inventory and sales risks. Corporate stores operated by us, on the other hand, despite incurring more significant capital expenditures ascompared with franchised stores, allow us more control over our brand and the consumer’s shopping experience, which are important factors for the overallsuccess of our business. In addition, our corporate store sales generally have a higher gross profit margin than sales to distributors because we are able tosell the products at retail prices directly to the endconsumers and because we recognize expenses relating to our corporate stores as selling anddistribution expenses. Therefore, the ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network will affect our gross profit margin.●Product offering and pricing. Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define menswear trends as well as to anticipate, gauge andreact to changing consumer demands for menswear in a timely manner. Most of our products are subject to changing consumer preferences and fashiontrends that cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumer acceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, andour future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes.●Fluctuations in raw material supply and prices. The per unit cost of producing our products depends on the supply and price of raw materials,particularly fabrics such as cotton, wool and polyester, which have experienced volatility in past years. Increases in the price of raw materials wouldnegatively impact our gross margins if we are not able to offset such price increases through increases in our selling price or changes in product offeringsand mix.Financial Statement PresentationRevenue. During the periods covered by this section, we generated revenue from sales of our menswear products.45Table of ContentsCost of sales. During the periods covered by this section, our cost of sales primarily consisted of the costs of our outsourcing cost, raw materials, labor andoverhead. We did not have any inward or outward freight charges as these charges are borne by our distributors and suppliers.Gross profit and gross margin. For the periods covered by this section, our gross profit is equal to the difference between our net sales and cost of sales. Our grossmargin is equal to the gross profit divided by net sales. Our gross margin may not be comparable to those of other retail entities since some retail entities include allof their distribution network costs in cost of sales and others, like us, include these expenses in another statement of operations line item.Administrative expenses. For the periods covered by this section, general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to ourgeneral management, finance and administrative staff, professional advisor fees, audit fees and other expenses incurred in connection with general operations.Selling expenses. For the periods covered by this section, our selling and marketing expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to our sales andmarketing staff, store rent, business travel, coordination with distributor marketing and promotions, transportation costs and other sales related costs.Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, both in U.S. dollars and as apercentage of or revenue.Year endedDecember 31, 2018Year ended December 31, 2017Year ended December 31, 2016Amount% of SalesAmount% of SalesAmount% of SalesRevenue18,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales20,851,252112%35,274,352148%39,041,93295%Gross (loss)/profit2,316,13712%11,511,81648%2,158,2725%Operating expensesDistribution and selling expenses2,670,95514%3,265,38014%3,606,0109%Administrative expenses4,907,02026%4,879,39721%3,543,9939%Total operating expenses7,577,97541%8,144,77634%7,150,00317%Other income122,1391%461,5642%555,0511%Other gains and losses13,522,30073%122,2441%11,123,76727%Loss from operations23,294,273126%19,317,27281%15,560,44738%Finance costs96,4441%96,3850%71,7830%Change in fair value of warrant liabilities00%00%3,4090%Loss before tax23,390,717126%19,413,65782%15,628,82138%Income tax5,422,11929%4,598,06119%3,726,1339%Loss for the year17,968,59897%14,815,59662%11,902,68829%46Table of ContentsA breakdown of revenue, percentage of revenue and percentage of gross margin by segment for the respective periods is as follows:BybusinessDistribution networkCorporate storesOEMConsolidatedYear endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Sales toexternalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205% of Sales73%63%78%13%29%13%14%7%9%100%100%100%Segmentsgrossmargins2,245,9442,277,8586,623,6175,402,99414,291,6805,727,349845,700502,0071,262,0052,316,13611,511,8162,158,273Grossmarginrate17%15%21%227%205%104%33%29%36%12%48%5%Segment salesFor the year ended December 31, 2018, total revenue decreased by 22% from $23.8 million in 2017 to $18.5 million. Our total revenue of 2017 decreased by 33% from$41.2 million to $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company reports financial and operating results in three segments: distributor network,corporate stores and OEM.Distributor Network —Revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2018 decreased by 10% from $15 million in 2017 to $13 million primarily due to adecrease in sales volume. There was a decrease of revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2017 by 53% from $32.1 million in year 2016 primarily dueto a decrease in sales volume. The distributor segment accounted for 73% of the total revenue in 2018, compared to 63% and 78% during years 2017 and 2016,respectively.In year 2018, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network increased to 17% from 15% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price of newproducts. The sales went down in year 2018 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstockduring previous periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.47Table of ContentsIn year 2017, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network decreased to 15% from 21% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price, and thesales went down in year 2017 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstock duringprevious periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.The Company’s distributor network currently consists of 11 distributors in 12 provinces. Most of these distributors, either directly or through their subdistributors,operate KBSbranded stores. Some wholesale distributors sold the products to multibranded stores and online stores. As of December 31, 2018, distributorsoperated a total of 32 KBSbranded stores, primarily in second and third tier cities. KBS products distributed to the fourth and fifth tier cities are primarily sold inmultibranded department stores.Corporate Stores — Total revenue from corporate store sale for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $6.98 million for year 2017. In 2018 sales fromcorporate store decreased as compared to 2017 due to a decrease in promotion sales of repurchased inventory from certain distributors which are unable to pay offthe debts owed to us.Total revenue from corporate store sales for fiscal year 2017 was $6.98 million, compared to $5.53 million for year 2016. In 2017 sales from corporate stores increasedas compared to 2016 due to an increase in sales volume, which in turn was mainly attributable to the increase in promotion sales on repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors which are unable to pay off the debts owed to us.As of December 31, 2018, we operated 1 corporate store which located in Fujian. Total revenue from corporate store sales of 2018 decreased as compared to 2017because of the decrease the promotion sales of repurchased inventory.The corporate store segment contributed 14% of total revenue in 2018, compared to 29% of 2017 and 13% of 2016. Gross profit margin for the Company’s corporatestore was 232% in 2018, compared to 205% in 2017 and 104% in 2016. The margin compression from 2016 to 2018 is primarily due to: 1) close of 1 corporate store in2016 and the sale of its inventory at a lower price; 2) reduction of sale price of our goods in corporate stores to stimulate sales; 3) loss from sales of repurchasedinventory from certain distributors which sold at big discounted price in year 2017 and year 2018.OEM — The OEM segment is comprised of products that are designed by the customers but manufactured by us. Revenue from the OEM segment increased by$0.83 million to $2.57 million for year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017. Gross profit margin increased to 33%from 29% of year 2017. Revenue from the OEM segment decreased by $1.79 million to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $3.53 million foryear ended December 31, 2016. Gross profit margin decreased to 29% from 36% of year 2016. Our revenues from sales of OEM represented 14%, 9% and 9%,respectively of our total revenues for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.Cost of sales and gross profit rateCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for production purpose,outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges and water and electricity.Our cost of sales decreased from $35 million in year 2017 to $21 million in year 2018. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017.The gross profit rate increased from 48% in year 2017 to 12% in year 2018 due to 1) a decrease in the number of promotion sales in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, whichcaused a loss at RMB 40 million; 2) the higher price of updated new products and improvement of products quality; 3) higher profit margin of OEM segments due tolower amortized fixed fees from big orders from certain customers. In order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continuedoperation, we decided to continue to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors in 2018 and thereafter.48Table of ContentsOur cost of sales decreased from $39 million in year 2016 to $35 million in year 2017. The decrease was consistent with the decrease in our revenue, which resulted ina decrease in purchases by $7 million. The decrease in purchases was mainly due to a challenging retail environment and close of some stores.The gross profit rate decreased from 5% in year 2016 to 48% in year 2017 due to 1) a decrease in the number of our franchised stores from 55 as of December 31,2016 to 40 as of December 31, 2017; 2) in order to make more fair and friendly business environment for our all distributors, we adjusted our price policy to havesame price to our district distributors and province distributors in 2017, the price sell to the district distributor is lower than before. 3) a slowdown in demand inmenswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and our distributors faceddifficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 141.42 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million. Although we are not contractually obligated to buy back the excessiveinventory from any our distributors, in order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continued operation, we decided to do same in2017 to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors and we may implement similar plans in the following years.Administrative expensesAdministrative expenses increased by $0.02 million or 1% to $4.9 million for year 2018 from $4.88 million for 2017. The change was mainly due to the decrease ofoutsourcing design expense and the increase of the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Administrative expenses increased by $1.34 million or 37% to $4.88 million for year 2017 from $3.54 million for 2016. The increase was mainly due to the increase indesign staff expenses and the increase attributable to the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Distribution and selling expensesThe selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.59 million or 18% to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $ 3.2 million in 2017, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expense, products promotion expenses and entertainment expenses.The selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.34 million or 9.45% to $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $ 3.6 million in 2016, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expenses and promotion expense of products including placement order meeting expense.The advertisement expenses of 2018, 2017 and 2016 are relatively even and selling expenses accounted for 6.6%, 7.5% and 9% for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Other gains and lossesOther gains and losses increased by $13.4 million, or 10,875%, to $13.52 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $0.12 million for year 2017. The increasewas mainly due to the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value.Other gains and losses decreased by $11 million, or 98.9%, to $0.12 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $11.1 million for year 2016. The decrease wasmainly due to the fact that there was no additional provision on bad debts from three clients as in 2016.Profit for the yearWe had a loss of $18 million in 2018 as compared to a loss of $14.81 million for 2017, representing a decrease of profit of $3 million or 21%. Net margin was 97% forthe year ended December 31, 2018, compared to 62% for the year ended December 31, 2017.49Table of ContentsWe had a loss of $14.81 million in 2017 as compared to a loss of $11.9 million for 2016, representing a decrease of profit of $2.91 million or 25%. Net margin was 62%for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 29% for the year ended December 31, 2016.Profit for the year decreased from 2018 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons:(1)the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value (2) thedistribution and selling expenses decreased to a small portion of total revenue and the revenue also decreased compared to year ended December 31, 2017; (3) aslowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brands, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling products and paying back the balance owed to us. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 40 million.Profit for the year decreased from 2016 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons: (1) the administrative expenses increased to a large portion of total revenue; and(2) slowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 141.42 millionfrom certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million.B.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesAs of December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $21,026,103. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and cash in the banks. Webelieve that our current levels of cash and cash equivalent and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next12 months. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through net cash flow from operations. Our cash flows are driven by key performance indicatorsincluding the number of orders placed by distributors, number of outlets that each distributor operates the pricing of our products, sales of our corporate stores, andthe collect portion of account receivable. Currently there is only minimal cash held by offshore subsidiaries and there is no need for these subsidiaries to transfercash to Hongri PRC.The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this report:Fiscal Year Ended December 31201820172016Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(3,703,354)$1,922,252$3,194,287Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities52,932(865,365)45,445Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(3,907,291)(39,024)4,919,241Effects of exchange rate change in cash(1,117,062)1,513,138(1,556,980)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080Cash and cash equivalent at end of the period$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,34150Table of ContentsOperating ActivitiesThe net cash provided by operating activities consists of profit before tax, as adjusted by finance costs, change in fair value of warrant liabilities, interest income,shared based compensation, bad debt allowance, depreciation of property, plant and equipment, amortization of prepaid lease payment and trademark, amortizationof subsidies prepaid to distributors, amortization of prepayment and premiums under operating leases, provision(Reversal) of inventory obsolescence, provision ofimpairment loss in prepayments, loss(gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment, deferred income tax, which include trade and other receivables, prepaymentand deferred expenses, inventory, trade and other payables.Net cash used in operating activities in fiscal year 2018 was $3.7 million, compared with net cash provided by operating activities of $1.9 million in the year endedDecember 31, 2017. The change is mainly due to the increase of provision of Anhui property and the increase of deferred tax due to the loss of fiscal year 2018.Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.9 million, compared with $3.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2016. The change is mainlydue to the decrease in the amount of collection of account receivable.Investing ActivitiesNet cash provided by investing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.05 million, compared with $0.8 million net cash used in investing activities in 2017. The net cashprovided in investing activities in 2018 was interest received from our bank deposits.Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $0.8 million, compared with $0.04 million net cash provided by investing activities in 2016. The net cashused in investing activities in 2017 was to purchase fire protection facility.Financing ActivitiesNet cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.26 million, compared with $1.1 million net cash used in financing activities in 2017. It mainly consistedof repayment of bank loans in 2018.Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.1 million, compared with $1.68 million net cash provided by financing activities in 2016. It mainlyconsisted of interests paid for our bank loans.Loans, Other Commitments, ContingenciesAs of December 31, 2018, we had bank loans in an amount of $1,092,785. We may, however, in the future, require additional cash resources due to changing businessconditions, implementation of our strategy to expand our business or other investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our own financial resources areinsufficient to satisfy the capital requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain additional credit facilities. The sale of additionalequity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require usto agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overallbusiness prospects.C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.Our industry is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and changing customer demands. These conditions require continuousexpenditures on product research and development to enhance existing products create new products and avoid product obsolescence. See Item 3 “Key Information—D. Risk Factors—If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected,” —“Ifwe are unable to keep pace with the rapid technological changes in our industry, demand for our products and services could decline which would adversely affectour revenue,” and —“Our technology may become obsolete which could materially adversely affect our ability to sell our products and services.” For a detailedanalysis of research and development costs, see Item 5.A. “Operating Results—Results of Operations—Research and development expenses”.D.Trend InformationOther than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that wouldcause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.E.Off Balance Sheet ArrangementsWe do not have any off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes infinancial condition, sales or expenses, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures, or capital resources that are material to an investment in our securities.51Table of ContentsF.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual ObligationsThe table below shows our material contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018.Payments Due by PeriodLess than1 year13 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsContractual ObligationsConstruction Obligations$64,088,236Operating Lease Obligations$78,532146,7052,225,030Total$64,166,768146,7052,225,030Anhui Factory Construction ContractOn November 20, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party for the construction of a new plant with a total size of 110,557 square meters, atTaihu City, Anhui at a consideration of RMB 690 million (equivalent to approximately $104 million). This is the frame contract for the construction of Anhui factoryand round estimation. By December 31, 2016 we had already paid about $37.75 million in total on the phase 1, 2, 3 of construction based on detailed phase contractand the balance of construction cost of the Anui factory need to be determined based on the ontime budget on every phase. The majority of funds for constructionexpenses came from the cash balance on the account as of December 31, 2018 and the new profit of following year.Anhui Land Use Right Acquisition ContractOn September 2, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party to acquire a land use right in relation to the development of factories in Taihu City,Anhui Province, at a total consideration of RMB 43 million (approximately $6.3 million). Full consideration was paid in September 2010. There are three parts of theland. The Company has obtained land use rights certificates for the first parcel of land with 7,405 square meters on March 19, 2012, and the second parcel of landwith 2,440 square meters on May 26, 2012. The Company is currently in the process of obtaining the land use right certificate for the third parcel of the land with100,712 square meters.Except as set forth above, we have no other material longterm debt, capital or operating lease or fixed purchase obligations.InflationInflation and changing prices have not had a material effect on our business, and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect ourbusiness in the foreseeable future. However, our management will closely monitor price changes in the Chinese economy and the apparel industry and continuallymaintain effective cost controls in operations.52Table of ContentsSeasonalityOur business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal. Historically, we have realized more of our revenue and earnings in the fourth quarter, which includes themajority of the holiday shopping season, than in any other fiscal quarter.Critical Accounting PoliciesThe preparation of financial statements is in conformity with IFRS as issued by the IASB. It requires the Company’s management to make assumptions, estimatesand judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. The Company hasidentified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of Company’s financial statements. These accounting policies are important for anunderstanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of theCompany’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to makeestimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitivebecause of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly frommanagement’s current judgments. The Company believes the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in thepreparation of the Company’s financial statements.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects the considerationto which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled in exchange fortransferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that asignificant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration issubsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to the customerfor more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would be reflected in a separatefinancing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financing component which provides theCompany a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interest expense accreted on the contract liabilityunder the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services is oneyear or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component, using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of the goods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receiptsover the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.53Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with thedividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. Revenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer. Revenue from allabove categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of thetransaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered and title has passed.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting the deductible inputVAT of the period, is VAT payable.54Table of ContentsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial periodof time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use orsale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal government retirementbenefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fund their retirementbenefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal government takes responsibility for theretirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly, the only obligation of the Groupwith respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employment with the Group. There are no provisionsunder the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans are considered defined contribution plans. The Grouphas no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixed contributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pensionschemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service is performed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised inother comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Groupoperates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable taxregulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred taxassets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which thosedeductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or fromthe initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accountingprofit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able to control thereversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising fromdeductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profitsagainst which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.55Table of ContentsThe carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficienttaxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based ontax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assetsreflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carryingamount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when thedeferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities wherethere is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, inwhich case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arisesfrom the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.Store preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll and supplies.The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenses when occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases areclassified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes. Leaseholdimprovements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes other thanconstruction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful lives and aftertaking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction in progressis carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment whencompleted and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for theirintended use.56Table of ContentsAn item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of theasset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) isincluded in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.The Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights to use theland on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizable valuerepresents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fair valuethrough profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model formanaging them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the practicalexpedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus in the case of a financialasset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group hasapplied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance with the policies set out for “Revenue recognition(applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cash flowsthat are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established by regulation orconvention in the marketplace.57Subsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognised inthe income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversals arerecognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair value changes arerecognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive income is recycled to theincome statement.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under HKAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. The classification isdetermined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statement when theright of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and the amount of the dividendcan be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains arerecorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income are not subject to impairmentassessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value throughprofit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for thepurpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading unless they aredesignated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interest are classified and measured atfair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to be classified at amortised cost or at fairvalue through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition ifdoing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.58Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in theincome statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separate derivative if theeconomic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet thedefinition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changesin fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cashflows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between thecontractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the originaleffective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to thecontractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are providedfor credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been asignificant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespectiveof the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. When making theassessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on thefinancial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort,including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider afinancial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full beforetaking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering thecontractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the general approach andthey are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach as detailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured at anamount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets and for whichthe loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the loss allowance ismeasured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs59Simplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of asignificant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not track changes incredit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on itshistorical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt the simplifiedapproach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed from theGroup’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to what extent, ithas retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset nortransferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Groupalso recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that theGroup has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and the maximumamount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’sfinancial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.Subsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method unless theeffect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement when the liabilities arederecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.60Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantiallymodified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference between therespective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right tooffset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to the contractualprovisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financialassets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.The Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. Theeffective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of theeffective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, where appropriate, a shorter period tothe net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.61Table of ContentsReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including trade and otherreceivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment (seeaccounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a resultof one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have been affected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequently assessed forimpairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience of collecting payments,and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national or local economic conditions thatcorrelate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between the asset’scarrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.The carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables, where thecarrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized in profit or loss. When atrade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off arecredited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment losseswas recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset at the date theimpairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.G.Safe HarborSee “Introductory Notes—ForwardLooking Information.”62Table of ContentsITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEESA.Directors and Senior ManagementThe following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors and senior management, as well as employees upon whose work we are dependent, as ofthe date of this annual report.NAMEAGEPOSITIONKeyan Yan47Chairman and Chief Executive OfficerThemis Kalapotharakos44Executive DirectorLixiaTu37Chief Financial Officer and DirectorJohn Sano49Independent DirectorMatthew C. Los54Independent DirectorZhongmin Zhang76Independent DirectorYuet Mei Chan38Independent DirectorMr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has been the Chairman of our board of directors and Chief Executive Officer since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr.Yan has over 16 years of senior management experience. He served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of KBS International between March 2011 and August2014. From 1994 to present, Mr. Yan has served as general manager of Hongri PRC. Prior to joining us, Mr. Yan served as workshop manager, production managerand marketing manager of Zhenshi Knitting Factory in Shishi, China from 19891994. Mr. Yan obtained a certificate of corporate management from Xiamen Universityin 1992.Ms. Lixia Tu. Ms. Tu became the Company’s Chief Financial Officer on June 25, 2015. Ms. Tu has more than night years of accounting and audit experience, familiarwith IFRS, US GAAP, SarbanesOxley and the compliance requirements of SEC. After she worked as a project manager at BDO China Fu Jian SHU LUN PANCertified Public Accountants for four years, she worked as a CFO or a financial consultant for some other companies. Ms. Tu holds a Master’s degree inprofessional accounting from the University of Deakin in Australia. Ms. Tu is also a member of the Chartered Association of Certified Accountants.Mr. Themis Kalapotharakos. Mr. Kalapotharakos became our executive director on June 15, 2015. Mr. Kalapotharakos has acquired a range of expertise of a widespectrum of business activities. He has extensive highlevel experience at the Shipping, Trading and Finance industries where he has founded, developed andoperated various businesses starting from the ground up. His roles involved regular communication and coordination with investors, financial institutions, capitalmarket authorities, custodian and administrative banks, auditors and legal counsel. He holds a Bachelor’s degree from Cardiff University and an MSc Degree fromCass Business School in the UK.John Sano. Mr. Sano has been an independent director of the Company since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr. Sano has over 20 years ofexperience in apparel & home furnishings concept, design, sourcing, production, and ecommerce. He has extensive experience in all aspects of the retail clothingsupply chain, from conceptualization to final production and distribution. Mr. Sano has also advised and worked closely with numerous top brands in the US. Hehas been General Director of Sano Design Services since 2002. Mr. Sano has an associate’s degree in interior design from Traphagen School of Design.Mr. Matthew C. Los. Mr. Los became our director on October 8, 2015. Mr. Los has acquired a range of expertise of a wide spectrum of business activities. He hasover 20 years’ experience at high level management, and has founded, developed and operated various businesses in the shipping, energy, telecommunications realestate industries starting from the ground up. He also has experience in the capital markets and was the CEO of Aquasition Corp., the predecessor of the Company,prior to the Share Exchange. Mr. Los has a BSc in Mechanical Engineering and Computer Aided Design from University of Westminster in the UK.Mr. Zhongmin Zhang. Mr. Zhang became our director on July 10, 2017. He has over 45 years of extensive experience in many facets of textile business, including inproduction, marketing, and management. Currently, Mr. Zhang is the president of Zhengzhou Guangda Textile Printing & Dyeing Co., Ltd. which has an annualproduction of 216 million meters of various textile products, with a value of RMB 800 million. Holding a title of Senior Engineer, Mr. Zhang graduated from HarbinInstitute of Technology in 1965. He also has certificates in finance management and civil law.Mr. Yuet Mei Chan. Ms. Chan became our director on July 10, 2017. She has over 15 years of experience in the banking industry. She held several senior positions ina prestigious bank in Hong Kong from 20012016. She is currently a financial consultant at AIA and specializes in analyzing financial situations and market trends.Ms. Chan holds a diploma in Computing and Business Studies from Hong Kong St. Perth College.No family relationship exists between any of the persons named above.63Table of ContentsB.CompensationIn 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $207,268 in cash as compensation to our directors and senior management as a group, and some of our directors andexecutive officers also received compensation in the form of annual salaries and bonuses. We do not set aside or accrue any amounts for pension, retirement orother benefits for our directors and senior management. However, we reimburse our directors for outofpocket expenses incurred in connection with their services insuch capacity.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to our executive officers and directors as compensations for theirservices. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to the Company’s executiveofficers, directors and certain employees as compensations for their service. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.2018 Equity Incentive PlanOn December 24, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2018 Plan, pursuant to which the Company may offerup to two million shares of common stock as equity incentives to its directors, employees and consultants. Such number of shares is subject to adjustment in theevent of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, stock splits, stock dividends, or other change in the corporate structure of the Companyaffecting the shares issuable under the 2018 Plan. As of December 31, 2018, we have not granted any equity awards under the 2018 Plan.The following paragraphs summarize the terms of our 2018 Plan:Purpose. The purposes of the 2018 Plan are to promote the longterm growth and profitability of the Company and its affiliates by stimulating the efforts ofemployees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates who are selected to be participants, aligning the longterm interests of participants with thoseof shareholders, heightening the desire of participants to continue in working toward and contributing to our success, attracting and retaining the best availablepersonnel for positions of substantial responsibility, and generally providing additional incentive for them to promote the success of our business through the grantof awards of or pertaining to our common stock. The 2018 Plan permits the grant of ISOs, NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share AppreciationRights, Performance Units and Performance Shares as the administrator of the 2018 Plan may determine.Administration. The 2018 Plan is administered by our Board. The administrator has the authority to determine the specific terms and conditions of all awards grantedunder the 2018 Plan, including, without limitation, the number of shares of common stock subject to each award, the price to be paid for the shares and the applicablevesting criteria. The administrator has discretion to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2018 Plan.Eligibility. NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share Appreciation Rights, Performance Units and Performance Shares may be granted to employees,directors or consultants either alone or in combination with any other awards. ISOs may be granted only to employees of the Company, and of any parent orsubsidiary.Shares Available for Issuance Under the 2018 Plan. Subject to adjustment as described below, (a) the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issuedunder the 2018 Plan is 2,000,000 shares of common stock, (b) to the extent consistent with Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the“Code”), not more than an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of common stock may be issued under ISOs, and (c) not more than 200,000 shares of common stock (or forawards denominated in cash, the Fair Market Value of 200,000 shares of common stock on the Grant Date, as defined in the 2018 Plan), may be awarded to anyindividual participant in the aggregate in any one fiscal year of the Company, such limitation to be applied in a manner consistent with the requirements of, and onlyto the extent required for compliance with, the exclusion from the limitation on deductibility of compensation under Code Section 162(m). The number and class ofshares available under the 2018 Plan are subject to adjustment in the event of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, share splits, sharedividends, or other similar events which change the number or kind of shares outstanding.64Table of ContentsTransferability. Unless otherwise provided in the 2018 Plan or otherwise determined by the administrator, an award may not be sold, pledged, assigned,hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution and may be exercised, during the lifetime of theparticipant, only by the participant. However, the administrator may, at or after the grant of an award other than an ISO, provide that such award may be transferredby the recipient to a “family member” (as defined in the 2018 Plan); provided, however, that any such transfer is without payment of any consideration whatsoeverand that no transfer shall be valid unless first approved by the administrator, acting in its sole discretion, and as required by our Amended and Restated Articles ofIncorporation. If the administrator makes an award transferable, such award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the administrator deemsappropriate.Termination of, or Amendments to, the 2018 Plan. The Board may at any time amend, alter, suspend or terminate the 2018 Plan, provided that the Company willobtain shareholder approval of any 2018 Plan amendment to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with applicable Laws. No amendment, alteration,suspension or termination of the 2018 Plan will impair the rights of any participant, unless mutually agreed otherwise between the participant and the administrator,which agreement must be in writing and signed by the participant and the Company. Termination of the 2018 Plan will not affect the administrator’s ability to exercisethe powers granted to it hereunder with respect to awards granted prior to the date of such termination.The 2018 Plan will terminate five years following the date it was adopted by the Board, unless sooner terminated by the Board.Employment AgreementsPlease refer to Item 10 “Additional Information—C. Material Contracts.”C.Board PracticesOur board of directors currently consists of seven members, Keyan Yan, Lixia Tu, John Sano, Themis Kalapotharakos, Matthew C. Los, Yuet Mei Chan andZhongmin Zhang.The Board has established the Audit Committee, which is comprised entirely of independent directors. From time to time, the Board may establish other committees.Audit CommitteeOur Audit Committee is currently composed of three members: Yuet Mei Chan, John Sano and Matthew C. Los. Our Board of Directors determined that each memberof the Audit Committee meets the independence criteria prescribed by applicable regulation and the rules of the SEC for audit committee membership. Each AuditCommittee member also meets NASDAQ’s financial literacy requirements. Matthew C. Los serves as Chair of the Audit Committee.Our Board of Directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is the “audit committee financial expert” as such term is defined in Item 407(d) of Regulation SKpromulgated by the SEC and also meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements.The Audit Committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our Company. The Audit Committee isresponsible for, among other things:●the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the independent auditor;●reviewing and preapproving all auditing services and permissible nonaudit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed by theindependent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed relatedparty transactions;●discussing the interim and annual financial statements with management and our independent auditors;●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor (a) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls, (b) theCompany’s internal audit procedures, and (c) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, and managementreports thereon;65Table of Contents●reviewing reported violations of the Company’s code of conduct and business ethics; and●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor various topics and events that may have significant financial impact on theCompany or that are the subject of discussions between management and the independent auditors.D.EmployeesAs of December 31, 2018, we employed 370 fulltime employees. The following table sets forth the number of our fulltime employees by function. FunctionNumber ofEmployeesManagement and Administration28Marketing, Sales and Distribution18Design and Product Development20Production281Procurement, Warehousing and Logistics19Quality and Assurance7TOTAL370We believe that we have maintained a satisfactory working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any significant labor disputes or anydifficulty in recruiting staff for company’s operations. None of company’s employees is represented by a labor union.Our employees in China participate in a state pension plan organized by Chinese municipal and provincial governments. The company is required to make monthlycontributions to the plan for each employee at the rate of 23% of his or her average assessable salary. In addition, the company is required by Chinese law to coveremployees in China with various types of social insurance. The company believes that it is in material compliance with the relevant PRC laws.E.Share OwnershipThe following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of each class of our voting securities as of April 26, 2019 (i) by each person who is knownby us to beneficially own more than 5% of our voting securities; (ii) by each of our officers and directors; and (iii) by all of our officers and directors as a group.NameOffice, If AnyTitle of ClassAmount andNature ofBeneficialOwnership(1)Percent ofClass(2)Officers and DirectorsKeyan Yan(3)Chairman, CEO and PresidentCommon Stock964,32037.21%Lixia TuChief Financial Officer and DirectorCommon Stock60,0002.32%Themis KalapotharakosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%John SanoDirectorCommon Stock5,0000.19%Matthew C. LosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%Zhongmin ZhangDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%Yuet Mei ChanDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%All officers and directors as a group (7 personsnamed above)1,129,32043.58%5% Security HoldersKeyan Yan (3)Common Stock964,32037.21%Alliance Investment Management Limited(4)Common Stock195,488(4)7.54%*Less than 1%(1)Beneficial Ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Eachof the beneficial owners listed above has direct ownership of and sole voting power and investment power with respect to our common stock.66Table of Contents(2)As of April 26, 2019, a total of 2,591,299 shares of commons stock are considered to be outstanding pursuant to SEC Rule 13d3(d)(1). For each Beneficial Ownerabove, any securities that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days have been included in the denominator.(3)Includes 20,000 shares of common stock owned by Bizhen Chen, Mr. Yan’s wife.(4)Based solely on Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on August 8, 2018, in which Alliance Investment Management reported it has sole voting and dispositivepower with respect to 195,488 shares of our common stock. The address of the reporting person is 7 Belmont Road, Kingston, Jamaica.None of our existing shareholders has voting rights that differ from the voting rights of other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at asubsequent date, result in our change in control.ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSA.Major ShareholdersPlease refer to Item 6 “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.”B.Related Party TransactionsFrom time to time, KBS and its subsidiaries borrowed money from our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Keyan Yan, to pay for Company expenses. Theseamounts are interestfree, unsecured and repayable on demand. In years 2017 and 2016, Mr. Yan paid all the Company expenses in connection with the Company’sNasdaq continued listing and SEC reporting out of his pocket. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of these amounts we borrowed from Mr. Yan was$485,302 and $35,483, respectively.C.Interests of Experts and CounselNot applicable.ITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATIONA.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial InformationFinancial StatementsWe have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this report. See Item 18 “Financial Statements.”Legal Proceedings We may be subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our business from time to time. We are currently not party to anylegal or arbitration proceedings, including those relating to bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings and those involving any third party, which may have, orhave had in the recent past, significant effects on our financial position or profitability.Dividend PolicyTo date, we have not paid any cash dividends on our shares. As a Marshall Islands company, we may only declare and pay dividends except when the corporationis insolvent or would thereby be made insolvent or when the declaration or payment would be contrary to any restrictions contained in our Articles ofIncorporation. Dividends may be declared and paid out of surplus only; but in case there is no surplus, dividends may be declared or paid out of the net profits forthe fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and for the preceding fiscal year. We currently anticipate that we will retain any available funds to finance thegrowth and operation of our business and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our cash held in foreign countriesmay be subject to certain control limitations or repatriation requirements, limiting our ability to use this cash to pay dividends.67Table of ContentsB.Significant ChangesNo significant change has occurred since the date of our consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTINGA.Offer and Listing DetailsOur common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market and trade under the symbol “KBSF.” Between January 23, 2013 and November 3, 2014, our commonstock was traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “AQU.” Our Warrants and Units are quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “KBSFW”and “KBSFU”, respectively. Prior to November 3, 2014, our Warrants and Units were quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “AQUUF” and “AQUUU”,respectively. Before their quotation on the OTC Markets, our Units commenced to trade on the Nasdaq Stock Market on October 26, 2012 and our Warrantscommenced to trade separately from its Units on January 23, 2013.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.Approximate Number of Holders of Our SecuritiesOn April 26, 2019, there was 1 holder of record of our Units, 359 shareholders of record of our common stock and 1 holder of record of our Warrants. Certain of oursecurities are held in nominee or street name so the actual number of beneficial owners of our securities is greater than the number of record holders set forth above.B.Plan of DistributionNot applicable.C.MarketsSee our disclosures above under “A. Offer and Listing Details.”D.Selling ShareholdersNot applicable. E.DilutionNot applicable.F.Expenses of the IssueNot applicable.68Table of ContentsITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONA.Share CapitalOur Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation authorize the Company to issue up to 155,000,000 shares with a par value of $0.0001, consisting of 150,000,000shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of date of this report, there are 2,591,299 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Wehave never issued any preferred stock.●As of date of this report, we have 717 IPO Units outstanding.●As of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding (including 369,302 IPO Warrants and 24,534 Placement Warrants), each warrant entitles theholder to purchase one share of common stock at a purchase price of $172.5.B.Memorandum and Articles of AssociationThe following represents a summary of certain key provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. The summary does not purport to be a summary of allof the provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. For more complete information you should read our amended and restated articles ofincorporation and bylaws, each listed as an exhibit to this report.We were incorporated in the Marshall Islands on January 26, 2012 under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BCA”). The purpose of the Company isto engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may now or hereafter be organized under the BCA. Our amended and restated articles of incorporationand bylaws do not impose any limitations on the ownership rights of our stockholders.Description of Common StockEach outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Upon our dissolution, liquidation orwinding up of the affairs of the Company, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidationpreferences, if any, the holders or our common stock will be entitled to receive pro rata our remaining assets available for distribution. Holders of common stock donot have conversion, redemption or preemptive rights to subscribe to any of our securities.Blank Check Preferred Stock.Our Board of Directors is authorized, without any further vote or action by our stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in different classesand series and, with respect to each class or series, to determine the designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights,conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the powers and rights associated with the common stock,at such times and on such other terms as they think proper. Our Board of Directors may issue shares of preferred stock on terms calculated to discourage, delay orprevent a change of control of our company or the removal of our management.WarrantsAs of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding, among which 369,302 warrants were issued to the public in our IPO (the “IPO Warrants”). Each ofthe IPO Warrants entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.5 expiring on July 31, 2019, provided that there is an effectiveregistration statement covering the shares of common stock underlying the IPO Warrants.69Table of ContentsThe Company may redeem the IPO Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon 30 days’ notice, after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, only inthe event that the last sale price of the shares of common stock is at least $17.50 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30trading day period (“30Day TradingPeriod”) ending three business days prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is a current registration statement in effect with respectto the shares of common stock underlying such IPO Warrants throughout the 30day redemption period. The Company is only required to use its best efforts tomaintain the effectiveness of the registration statement covering the underlying common stock of the IPO Warrants. There are no contractual penalties for failure todeliver securities if a registration statement is not effective at the time of exercise. Additionally, in the event that a registration statement is not effective at the time ofexercise, the holder of such warrant shall not be entitled to exercise such warrant for cash and in no event (whether in the case of a registration statement not beingeffective or otherwise) will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrant exercise.In addition, Aqua Investments Corp., an entity controlled by certain founding shareholders of the Company, acquired 24,534 warrants, each entitles the holder topurchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50, expiring on July 31, 2019 (the “Placement Warrants”). The Placement Warrants are identical to the IPOWarrants except that the Placement Warrants (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis; (ii) will not be redeemable by the Company and (ii) may beexercised even if there is not an effective registration statement relating to the shares underlying the warrants, so long as they are held by the initial purchaser orany of its permitted transferees.As of date of this report, we also have 717 IPO Units outstanding and publicly trading, each including one IPO Warrant and one share of our common stock.DirectorsThe business and affairs of the Company are managed by or under the direction of our Board of Directors.Our directors are elected by the holders of the shares representing a majority of the total voting power of the thenoutstanding capital stock of the Company entitledto vote generally in the election of directors (“Voting Stock”). Our amended and restated articles of incorporation provide that cumulative voting shall not be used toelect directors. Each director will be elected to serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his/her successor shall have been duly elected andqualified, except in the event of his/her death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of his/her term of office.Any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of thetotal voting power of the Voting Stock entitled to vote thereon or with cause by directors constituting at least twothirds of the entire Board.Vacancies in the Board of Directors occurring by death, resignation, the creation of new directorships, the failure of the shareholders to elect the whole board at anyannual election of directors, or, except as herein provided, for any other reason, including removal of directors for cause, may be filled either by the affirmative voteof a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, at any special meeting called for that purpose or at any regular meeting of theBoard. Vacancies occurring by removal of directors without cause may be filled only by vote of the shareholders.Shareholder MeetingsAnnual stockholder meetings will be held at a time and place selected by our board of directors. The meetings may be held in or outside of the Marshall Islands.Under our amended and restated articles of incorporation, special meetings may be called by the board of directors, or by the secretary of the Company requestedby stockholders representing certain amount of voting power. Our board of directors shall give not less than 15 days and not more than 60 days prior written noticeof a shareholders’ meeting to each shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat and to each shareholder of record who, by reason of any action proposed at suchmeeting would be entitled to have his/her shares appraised if such action were taken, and the notice shall include a statement of that purpose and to that effect.Our bylaws provide that a meeting of shareholders is duly constituted if, at the commencement of the meeting, there are shareholders present in person or by proxyrepresenting not less than a majority of the votes of the shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on resolutions of shareholders to be considered at themeeting.70Table of ContentsIf a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of stock represented at the meeting will be the act of the shareholders. At any meeting ofshareholders, each shareholder entitled to vote any shares on any manner to be voted upon at such meeting shall be entitled to one vote on such matter for eachsuch share. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the action so taken, issigned by all the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof.Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal and Payment.Under the BCA, our stockholders have the right to dissent from various corporate actions, including any merger or sale of all or substantially all of our assets notmade in the usual course of our business, and receive payment of the fair value of their shares. However, the right of a dissenting stockholder to receive payment ofthe fair value of his or her shares shall not be available for any shares of stock of the constituent corporation surviving a merger if the merger did not require for itsapproval the vote of the stockholders of the surviving corporation. In the event of any further amendment of our articles of incorporation, a stockholder also has theright to dissent and receive payment for his or her shares if the amendment alters certain rights in respect of those shares. The dissenting stockholder must followthe procedures set forth in the BCA to receive payment. In the event that we and any dissenting stockholder fail to agree on a price for the shares, the BCAprocedures involve, among other things, the institution of proceedings in the circuit court in the judicial circuit in the Marshall Islands in which our Marshall Islandsoffice is situated. The value of the shares of the dissenting stockholder is fixed by the court after reference, if the court so elects, to the recommendations of a courtappointed appraiser.Stockholders’ Derivative ActionsUnder the BCA, any of our stockholders may bring an action in our name to procure a judgment in our favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that thestockholder bringing the action is a holder of common stock both at the time the derivative action is commenced and at the time of the transaction to which theaction relates.Indemnification of Officers and DirectorsThe BCA authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors and officers to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages forbreaches of directors’ fiduciary duties. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation include a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors formonetary damages for actions taken as a director to the fullest extent permitted by law. We must indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorizedby law. We are also expressly authorized to advance certain expenses (including attorneys’ fees and disbursements and court costs) to our directors and offices andcarry directors’ and officers’ insurance providing indemnification for our directors, officers and certain employees for some liabilities.The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws may discourage stockholders frombringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigationagainst directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. In addition, your investment may beadversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.C.Material ContractsWe have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in Item 4 “Information on theCompany,” Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations,” Item 7 “Major Shareholders and RelatedParty Transactions,” or filed (or incorporated by reference) as exhibits to this annual report or otherwise described or referenced in this annual report.D.Exchange ControlsMarshall Islands Exchange ControlsUnder Marshall Islands law, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect theremittance of dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our shares.71Table of ContentsBVI Exchange ControlsThere are no material exchange controls restrictions on payment of dividends, interest or other payments to the holders of our common stock or on the conduct ofour operations in the BVI, where we were incorporated. There are no material BVI laws that impose any material exchange controls on us or that affect the paymentof dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our common stock. BVI law and our memorandum and articles of association do not impose anymaterial limitations on the right of nonresidents or foreign owners to hold or vote our common stock.PRC Exchange ControlsRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued bySAFE and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade and service payments, payment ofinterest and dividends can be made without prior approval from SAFE by following the appropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMBinto foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRC for the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments,loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from SAFE or its local office.On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency Management Policy on Direct Investment, effective fromJune 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investmentfrom SAFE. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for the purpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed withqualified banks, which, under the supervision of SAFE, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise, or SAFE Circular 19,was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to SAFE Circular 19, a foreigninvested enterprise may, according to its actualbusiness needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchange bureau has confirmedmonetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the time being, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shall truthfully use itscapital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equity investment with theamount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open a corresponding Account forForeign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming andRegulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or SAFE Circular 16, was promulgated and became effective on June 9,2016. According to SAFE Circular 16, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreign currency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionarybasis. SAFE Circular 16 provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items (including but not limited to foreigncurrency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. SAFE Circular 16 reiterates the principle thatRenminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope andmay not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guarantee the principal within the PRCunless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless it is within the businessscope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Optimizing Genuineness and ComplianceVerification, or SAFE Circular 3, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits from domestic entities tooffshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution, original copies oftax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses before remitting any profits.Moreover, pursuant to SAFE Circular 3, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provide boardresolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.72Table of ContentsRegulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsSAFE issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special PurposeVehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issues Concerning theRegulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles, to regulateforeign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investment and financing orconduct round trip investment in China. SAFE Circular 37 defines a SPV as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly or indirectly, by PRC residents orentities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets or interests, while “round tripinvestment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through SPVs, namely, establishing foreigninvested enterprises to obtain theownership, control rights and management rights. SAFE Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into an SPV, PRC residents or entities be required tocomplete foreign exchange registration with SAFE or its local branch. In addition, SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving theAdministration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended SAFE Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015,requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.PRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to SPVs but had not obtained registration as required before theimplementation of the SAFE Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the SPVs with qualified banks. An amendment to the registration isrequired if there is a material change with respect to the SPV registered, such as any change of basic information (including change of the PRC residents, name andoperation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers or divisions. Failure to comply with the registrationprocedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclose controllers of the foreigninvestedenterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to itsoffshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities to penalties under PRC foreignexchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companiesby PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRCsubsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansSAFE promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan ofOverseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issued by SAFE in March 2007. Pursuant tothe Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residents participating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted companyare required to register with SAFE or its local branches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents mustconduct the SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of theoverseas publicly listed company or another qualified institution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevantSAFE registration should there be any material change to the stock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of thePRC residents who have the right to exercise the employee stock options, apply to SAFE or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreigncurrencies in connection with the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the saleof shares under the stock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRCopened by the PRC agents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.73Table of ContentsWe adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We have advised therecipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice. However, wecannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subjectthe PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016 respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014 respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our BVI holding company may rely on dividend payments from IST,which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on the ability of ourconsolidated VIEs to make remittance to IST and on the ability of IST to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations ofthose entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends andother distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you,and otherwise fund and conduct our business”E.TaxationThe following is a general summary of the material Marshall Islands, Hong Kong, BVI, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to an investmentin our units, shares of common stock and warrants to acquire our shares of common stock, sometimes referred to collectively in this summary as our “securities”.The discussion is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal or tax advice to any particular prospective purchaser. The discussion is based on lawsand relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change or different interpretations, possibly withretroactive effect. The discussion does not address United States state or local tax laws, or tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Marshall Islands, Hong Kong,the BVI, the PRC and the United States. We recommend that you consult your own tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquisition, ownership anddisposition of our securities.Marshall Islands TaxationThe following are the material Marshall Islands tax consequences of our activities to us and to our stockholders and warrant holders of investing in our CommonStock and warrants. Under current Marshall Islands law, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains, and no Marshall Islands withholding tax or income taxwill be imposed upon payments of dividends by us to our stockholders or proceeds from the disposition of our common stock and warrants, provided suchstockholders or warrant holders, as the case may be, are not residents in the Marshall Islands. There is no tax treaty between the United States and the Republic ofthe Marshall Islands.BVI TaxationThe BVI does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid to us by our BVI subsidiary, nor does the BVI levy any capital gains or income taxes on us or our BVIsubsidiary. However, our BVI subsidiary is required to pay the BVI government an annual license fee based on the number of shares it is authorized to issue.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the BVI.74Table of ContentsHong Kong TaxationOur Hong Kong subsidiaries, under the current laws of Hong Kong, are subject to profits tax of 16.5%. No provision for Hong Kong profits tax has been made asour Hong Kong subsidiaries have no taxable income.PRC TaxationWe are a holding company incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which indirectly holds our equity interests in our PRC operating subsidiaries. The EIT Law and itsimplementation rules, both of which became effective as of January 1, 2008, provide that a PRC enterprise is subject to a standard income tax rate of 25% and Chinasourced income of foreign enterprises, such as dividends paid by a PRC subsidiary to its overseas parent, will normally be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of10%, unless there are applicable treaties between the overseas parent’s jurisdiction of incorporation and China to reduce such rate.Under the Arrangement between the Mainland and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention ofFiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, or the Double Taxation Arrangement, effective as of January 1, 2007, such dividend withholding tax rate is reducedto 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns over 25% of the PRC company distributing the dividends. Under the aforesaid arrangement, any dividends that ourPRC operating subsidiaries pay to their Hong Kong holding companies may be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 5% if they are not considered to be a PRC“resident enterprise” as described below. However, if the Hong Kong holdings companies are not considered to be the “beneficial owner” of such dividends underthe Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties promulgated by the State Administration of Taxation on October 27,2009 (and not a PRC “resident enterprise”), such dividends would be subject to the withholding tax rate of 10%. The withholding tax rate of 5% or 10% applicablewill have a significant impact on the amount of dividends to be received by us and ultimately by shareholders.According to the Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties, the term “beneficial owner” refers to a person who hasthe right to own and dispose of the income and the rights or properties generated from the said income. The “beneficial owner” may be an individual, a company orany other organization which is usually engaged in substantial business operations. A conduit company is not a “beneficial owner.” The term “conduit company”refers to a company which is usually established for purposes of dodging or reducing taxes, and transferring or accumulating profits. Such a company is onlyregistered in the country of domicile to satisfy the organizational form as required by law, but it does not engage in such substantial business operations asmanufacturing, distribution and management. As our Hong Kong holding companies are controlling companies and are not engaged in substantial businessoperations, they could be considered as conduit companies by tax authorities and we do not expect them to be a beneficial owner.In addition to the changes to the current tax structure, under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto management bodies” withinChina is considered a resident enterprise and will normally be subject to an EIT of 25% on its global income. The implementing rules define the term “de factomanagement bodies” as “an establishment that exercises, in substance, overall management and control over the production, business, personnel, accounting, etc.,of a Chinese enterprise.”It remains unclear whether the PRC tax authorities would require or permit our overseas registered entities to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. We do notcurrently consider our company to be a PRC resident enterprise. However, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterpriseincome tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on ourworldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on offering proceedsand nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although under the EIT Law and its implementing rulesdividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued guidance with respect to the processing ofoutbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidance issuedwith respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation in which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to our nonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC shareholders from transferring our shares.75Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income TaxationThe following is a discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our securities. It does notpurport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s situation. The discussion applies only toholders that hold their securities as capital assets (generally property held for investment) within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based on the Code, income tax regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial positions, published positions of theInternal Revenue Service, or the IRS, and other applicable authorities, all as in effect as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly withretroactive effect. This discussion is general in nature and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations, nor does the discussion address any state, local orforeign tax considerations or any U.S. tax considerations (e.g., estate or gift tax) other than U.S. federal income tax considerations, that may be applicable toparticular holders.This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant in light of particular circumstances, nor does it address the U.S.federal income tax consequences to persons who are subject to special rules under U.S. federal income tax law, including:●banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions;●persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;●taxexempt organizations;●controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid United States federal incometax;●certain former citizens or longterm residents of the United States;●dealers in securities or currencies;●traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting for their securities holdings;●persons that own, or are deemed to own, more than five percent of our capital stock;●holders who acquired our stock as compensation or pursuant to the exercise of a stock option; or●persons who hold our shares as a position in a hedging transaction, “straddle,” or other risk reduction transaction.For purposes of this discussion, a U.S. holder is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (ii) acorporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States (or treated assuch under applicable U.S. tax laws), any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardlessof its source; or (iv) a trust if (a) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have theauthority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) it has a valid election in effect under applicable law and regulations to be treated as a U.S. person forU.S. federal income tax purposes. A nonU.S. holder is a holder that is neither a U.S. holder nor a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S.federal income tax purposes.In the case of a partnership or entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally willdepend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal incometax consequences to them of the merger or of the ownership and disposition of our shares.As a result of consummation of the Share Exchange, (i) we acquired substantially all the properties of KBS International, a U.S. corporation, and (ii) the formershareholders of KBS International held at least 80 percent of our common stock by reason of having held stock of KBS International. Accordingly, under Section7874 of the Code, we are treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as a U.S. corporation and, among other consequences, are subject to U.S. federal income tax on ourworldwide income. This discussion assumes that Section 7874 of the Code continues to apply to treat us as a U.S. corporation for all purposes under the Code. If,for some reason (e.g., future repeal of Section 7874 of the Code), we were no longer treated as a U.S. corporation under the Code, the U.S. federal income taxconsequences described herein could be materially and adversely affected.76Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. HoldersDistributionsIn the event that distributions are paid on our common stock, the gross amount of such distributions will be included in the gross income of the U.S. holder asdividend income on the date of receipt to the extent that the distribution is paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federalincome tax principles. Such dividends will be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Dividends received by noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, may be subject to reduced rates of taxation under current law. A U.S. holdermay be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed on dividends paid by us. However, the foreign tax credit rules arecomplex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 of the Code and the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and theGovernment of the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, or theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty, is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may be entitled to underthe foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.To the extent that dividends paid on our common stock exceed current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distributions will be treated first as a taxfree returnof tax basis on our common stock, and to the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds tax basis, the excess will be treated as gain from the disposition ofthose common stock. Because Section 7874 of the Code has applied to treat us as a U.S. corporation only since consummation of the Share Exchange in 2014, wemay not be able to demonstrate to the IRS the extent to which a distribution on our common stock exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (asdetermined under U.S. federal income tax principles), in which case all of such distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.Sale or Other DispositionU.S. holders of our common stock will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of common stock equal to the differencebetween the amount realized for the common stock and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the common stock. This gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss. Undercurrent law, noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, are eligible for reduced tax rates if the common stock has been held for more than one year. Thedeductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. A U.S. holder may be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed ongain from the sale or other disposition of common stock. However, the foreign tax credit rules are complex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 ofthe Code and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may beentitled to under the foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Unearned Income Medicare ContributionCertain U.S. holders who are individuals, trusts or estates are required to pay an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on, among other things, dividends on and capitalgains from the sale or other disposition of shares of stock. U.S. holders should consult their own advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this rule on their ownershipand disposition of our common stock.U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for NonU.S. HoldersDistributionsThe rules applicable to nonU.S. holders for determining the extent to which distributions on our common stock, if any, constitute dividends for U.S. federal incometax purposes are the same as for U.S. holders. See “–U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. Holders– Distributions.”77Table of ContentsAny dividends paid to a nonU.S. holder by us are treated as income derived from sources within the United States and generally will be subject to U.S. federalincome tax withholding at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends, or at a lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty if nonU.S. holdersprovide proper certification of eligibility for the lower rate (usually on IRS Form W8BEN or W8BENE). Dividends received by a nonU.S. holder that are effectivelyconnected with such holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business (and, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained bythe nonU.S. holder in the U.S.) are exempt from such withholding tax, provided that applicable certification requirements are satisfied. In such case, however, nonU.S. holders will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such dividends, net of certain deductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. In addition, corporatenonU.S. holders may be subject to an additional branch profits tax equal to 30% or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable tax treaty on dividendsreceived that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.If nonU.S. holders are eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, such nonU.S. holders may obtain a refund ofany excess amounts withheld by filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.Sale or Other DispositionExcept as described below for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, any gain realized by a nonU.S. holder upon the saleor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:criminal liability in serious cases.According to the PRC Product Quality Law, consumers or other victims who suffer injury or property losses due to product defects may demand compensation fromthe manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the corresponding amount from the manufacturer if the manufactureris responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Relating to Consumer ProtectionThe principal legal provisions for the protection of consumer interests are set forth in the Law of the PRC on Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests, or theConsumer Protection Law, which was promulgated in October 1993 amended in October 2013. The Consumer Protection Law sets forth standards of behavior thatbusinesses must observe in their dealings with consumers.Violations of the Consumer Protection Law may result in the imposition of fines. In addition, the violating entity may be ordered to suspend its operations, and itsbusiness license may be revoked. There may also be criminal liability in serious cases.According to the Consumer Protection Law, if the legal rights and interests of a consumer are violated during the purchase or use of goods, the consumer may seekcompensation from the seller. If the manufacturer or an upstream distributor is responsible, after compensating the consumer, the seller may recover thecorresponding amount from the manufacturer or the upstream distributor. Consumers or other persons who suffer personal injury or property damages due todefects in products may seek compensation from the manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the correspondingamount from the manufacturer if the manufacturer is responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Related to TrademarksThe PRC Trademark Law, adopted in 1982 and revised in 2001 and 2013, protects the proprietary rights to registered trademarks. The Trademark Office under theState Administration of Industry and Commerce handles trademark registration and grants a term of ten years to registered trademarks and another ten years totrademarks as requested upon expiry of the prior term. Trademark license agreements and transfer agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record.37Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Environmental MattersOur facilities are subject to various governmental regulations related to environmental protection. We use a myriad of chemicals in our operations and produceemissions that could pose environmental risks. Our manufacturing facilities are subject to various pollution control regulations with respect to noise, water and airpollution and the disposal of waste and hazardous materials, including, China’s Environmental Protection Law, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Appraisingof Environment Impacts, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of AirPollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution, and China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of NoisePollution. We are subject to periodic inspections by local environmental protection authorities.We did not incur material costs in environmental compliance in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016. We believe we are in material compliance with the relevant PRCenvironmental laws and regulations. We are not currently subject to any pending actions alleging any violations of applicable PRC environmental laws.Regulations Related to EmploymentThe PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law require that employers must execute written employment contracts with fulltime employees. All employers mustcompensate their employees with wages equal to at least the local minimum wage standards. Violations of the PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law may resultin the imposition of fines and other administrative sanctions, and serious violations may constitute criminal offences.On December 28, 2012, the PRC Labor Contract Law was amended with effect on July 1, 2013 to impose more stringent requirements on labor dispatch. Under suchlaw, dispatched workers are entitled to pay equal to that of fulltime employees for equal work, but the number of dispatched workers that an employer hires may notexceed a certain percentage of its total number of employees as determined by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Additionally, dispatchedworkers are only permitted to engage in temporary, auxiliary or substitute work. According to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch promulgated by theMinistry of Human Resources and Social Security on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014, the number of dispatched workers hired by anemployer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees (including both directly hired employees and dispatched workers). The Interim Provisions onLabor Dispatch require employers not in compliance with the PRC Labor Contract Law in this regard to reduce the number of its dispatched workers to below 10% ofthe total number of its employees prior to March 1, 2016.Enterprises in China are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in certain employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pensionplan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a workrelated injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund,and contribute to the plans or funds in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of the employees as specified by thelocal government from time to time at locations where they operate their businesses or where they are located. The enterprise may be ordered to pay the full amountwithin a deadline if it fails to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans and may be subject to fines and other administrative sanctions.Regulations Relating to Foreign ExchangeRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued by theState Administration of Foreign Exchange and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade andservice payments, payment of interest and dividends can be made without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange by following theappropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRCfor the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange or its local office.38Table of ContentsOn February 13, 2015, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency ManagementPolicy on Direct Investment, effective from June 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign directinvestment and overseas direct investment from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for thepurpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed with qualified banks, which, under the supervision of the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to this Circular, a foreigninvested enterprise may,according to its actual business needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchangebureau has confirmed monetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the timebeing, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shalltruthfully use its capital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equityinvestment with the amount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open acorresponding Account for Foreign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of theState Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts waspromulgated and became effective on June 9, 2016. According to this Circular, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreigncurrency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionary basis. This Circular provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items(including but not limited to foreign currency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. ThisCircular reiterates the principle that Renminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposesbeyond its business scope and may not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guaranteethe principal within the PRC unless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless itis within the business scope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration andOptimizing Genuineness and Compliance Verification, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits fromdomestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution,original copies of tax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses beforeremitting any profits. Moreover, pursuant to this Circular, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provideboard resolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and RoundtripInvestment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Issues Concerning the Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore SpecialPurpose Vehicles, to regulate foreign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investmentand financing or conduct round trip investment in China. Circular 37 defines a “special purpose vehicle” as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly orindirectly, by PRC residents or entities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets orinterests, while “round trip investment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through special purpose vehicles, namely, establishingforeigninvested enterprises to obtain the ownership, control rights and management rights. Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into a specialpurpose vehicle, PRC residents or entities be required to complete foreign exchange registration with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranch. In addition, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the ForeignExchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015, requiring PRC residents or entities toregister with qualified banks rather than the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.39Table of ContentsPRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to special purpose vehicles but had not obtained registration asrequired before the implementation of the Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the special purpose vehicles with qualified banks. Anamendment to the registration is required if there is a material change with respect to the special purpose vehicle registered, such as any change of basic information(including change of the PRC residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers ordivisions. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclosecontrollers of the foreigninvested enterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchangeactivities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, sharetransfer or liquidation, to its offshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities topenalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating toinvestments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our abilityto inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic IndividualsParticipating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issuedby the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in March 2007. Pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residentsparticipating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted company are required to register with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents must conduct the registration and other procedures withrespect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of the overseas publicly listed company or another qualifiedinstitution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevant registration should there be any material change to thestock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of the PRC residents who have the right to exercise the employeestock options, apply to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreign currencies in connectionwith the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the sale of shares under thestock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRC opened by the PRCagents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.We have adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we will have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We haveadvised the recipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.However, we cannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock IncentivePlan Notice. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plansmay subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016, respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014, respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our Marshall Islands holding company may rely on dividend paymentsfrom Hongri PRC, which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on theability of our other PRC subsidiaries to make remittance to Hongri PRC and on the ability of Hongri PRC to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cashgenerated by the operations of those entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We rely to a significant extent on dividends and otherdistributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiary to fund offshore cash and financing requirements.”40Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Overseas ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the StateOwned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective onSeptember 8, 2006 and was amended on June 22, 2009. These regulations, among other things, require that (i) PRC entities or individuals obtain approval from theMinistry of Commerce before they establish or control a special purpose vehicle overseas, provided that they intend to use the special purpose vehicle to acquiretheir equity interests in a PRC company at the consideration of newly issued share of the special purpose vehicle, or Share Swap, and list their equity interests in thePRC company overseas by listing the special purpose vehicle in an overseas market; (ii) the special purpose vehicle obtains approval from the Ministry ofCommerce before it acquires the equity interests held by the PRC entities or PRC individual in the PRC company by Share Swap; and (iii) the special purpose vehicleobtains China Securities Regulatory Commission approval before it lists overseas. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The approval ofthe China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with this offering under a PRC regulation. The regulation also establishes more complexprocedures for acquisitions conducted by foreign investors that could make it more difficult for us to grow through acquisitions.”Regulations Relating to TaxationDividend Withholding TaxIn March 2007, the National People’s Congress enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law which became effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on February 24,2017. According to Enterprise Income Tax Law, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a foreigninvested enterprise in China to its foreignenterprise investors are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that providesfor a preferential withholding arrangement. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Negotiated Reduction of Dividends and Interest Rates,issued on January 29, 2008 and supplemented and revised on February 29, 2008, and the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, which became effective onDecember 8, 2006 and applicable to income derived in any year of assessment commencing on or after April 1, 2007 in Hong Kong and in any year commencing on orafter January 1, 2007 in the PRC, such withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong enterprise is deemed the beneficial owner of any dividend paid by aPRC subsidiary by PRC tax authorities and holds at least 25% of the equity interest in that particular PRC subsidiary at all times within the 12month periodimmediately prior to the distribution of the dividends. Furthermore, pursuant to the Announcement on Issues concerning “Beneficial Owners” in Tax Treaties issuedon February 3, 2018 by the State Administration of Taxation, when determining the status of “beneficial owners,” a comprehensive analysis may be conductedthrough materials such as articles of association, financial statements, records of capital flows, minutes of board of directors, resolutions of board of directors,allocation of manpower and material resources, the relevant expenses, functions and risk assumption, loan contracts, royalty contracts or transfer contracts, patentregistration certificates and copyright certificates, etc. However, even if an applicant has the status as a “beneficiary owner,” if the competent tax authority findsnecessity to apply the principal purpose test clause in the tax treaties or the general antitax avoidance rules stipulated in domestic tax laws, the general antitaxavoidance provisions shall apply.Enterprise Income TaxIn December 2007, the State Council promulgated the Implementing Rules of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008. TheEnterprise Income Tax Law and its relevant implementing rules (i) impose a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate, which is applicable to both foreigninvestedenterprises and domestic enterprises (ii) permits companies to continue to enjoy their existing tax incentives, subject to certain transitional phaseout rules and(iii) introduces new tax incentives, subject to various qualification criteria.41Table of ContentsThe Enterprise Income Tax Law also provides that enterprises organized under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies”located within China may be considered PRC resident enterprises and therefore be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwideincome. The implementing rules further define the term “de facto management body” as the management body that exercises substantial and overall managementand control over the production and operations, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. If an enterprise organized under the laws of jurisdictionoutside China is considered a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, itwould be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. Second, a 10% withholding tax would be imposed on dividends itpays to its nonPRC enterprise shareholders and with respect to gains derived by its nonPRC enterprise shareholders from transfer of its shares.On October 17, 2017, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Bulletin on Issues Concerning the Withholding of NonPRC Resident Enterprise Income Tax atSource, or Bulletin 37, which replaced the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by NonPRC Resident Enterprisesissued by the State Administration of Taxation on December 10, 2009, and partially replaced and supplemented rules under the Bulletin on Issues of EnterpriseIncome Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by NonPRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7, issued by the State Administration of Taxation on February 3, 2015.Under Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by nonPRC resident enterprises may be recharacterizedand treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose ofavoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. In respect of anindirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the relevant gain is to be regarded as effectively connected with the PRC establishment and thereforeincluded in its enterprise income tax filing, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relatesto the immoveable properties in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not effectively connected to a PRC establishment of a nonresident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax at 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similararrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Pursuant to Bulletin 37, the withholding party shalldeclare and pay the withheld tax to the competent tax authority in the place where such withholding party is located within seven days from the date of occurrenceof the withholding obligation. Both Bulletin 37 and Bulletin 7 do not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange wheresuch shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We and our existingshareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a Chinese establishmentof a nonChinese company, or immovable properties located in China owned by nonChinese companies.”ValueAdded TaxIn November 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Pilot Plan for Imposition of ValueAdded Tax to ReplaceBusiness Tax. In March 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation further promulgated the Notice on Fully Promoting the Pilot Plan forReplacing Business Tax by ValueAdded Tax. Pursuant to this Pilot Plan and the relevant notice, value added tax at a rate of 6% is generally imposed, on anationwide basis, on the revenue generated from the provision of service in lieu of business tax in the modern service industries. Value added tax of a rate of 6%applies to revenue derived from the provision of some modern services. Unlike business tax, a taxpayer is allowed to offset the qualified input value added tax paidon taxable purchases against the output value added tax chargeable on the modern services provided.C.Organizational StructureSee “—A. History and Development of the Company—Corporate Structure” above for details of our current organizational structure.42Table of ContentsD.Property, Plants and EquipmentOur company has established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31,2018, this network was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, our company’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The facilityhas a production capacity of 2 million pieces per year and we move in upon the completion of phase 2 in year 2015. By relocating from the coastal area to AnhuiProvince, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a more stable labor supply. We manufacture a variety of menswear products, including, jeans,shirts, suits and socks. Because of its variety and complexity in the production process, these products require special sewing machines and workmanship, whichwe currently do not possess. As a result, the Company is not yet able to produce KBS branded products and has outsourced its KBS branded productmanufacturing to other established ODM and OEM manufacturers in the Fujian and Zhejiang regions. The Company has completed the second phase constructionof its new factory at the end of 2014. The second phase has an annual production capacity of 5 million pieces subject to our purchasing additional equipment.Currently Anhui factory mainly produces OEM orders and some international orders.Our production facility consists of total 110,557 square meters of land. We obtained a portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square metersand 2,440 square meters in May 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildingsand offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need foradditional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of landhas been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Oncethe construction of the new production facilities is completed, our total production capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year fromthe current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.In 2016, we closed 1 corporate store and as of December 31, 2018, we leased the premises for our sole remaining corporate store. We have undertaken variousmeasures to verify the lessees’ rights to the property leased to us in respect of its stores. In China, all land is owned by the State or other governmental bodies, and“ownership” is generally evidenced by a land use rights certificate. We rent some stores that were located in rural areas where land use rights are held collectivelyby villages and records regarding the ownership of land use rights are frequently not kept. In these cases, the company has confirmed our ability to lease the storesthrough communications with village authorities, and has reviewed electricity and water bills to confirm utilities are being paid by the parties leasing the premises tous. Based on the results of these efforts, we believe the risk of third party claims against our leases of these stores is relatively small and the measures taken by ourcompany are sufficient to verify the land use rights for all of its stores.In addition, the property used as our head office and corporate store is leased from a related party, whose ownership of the property has been verified by ourcompany. We paid a total of RMB720,000, RMB 720,000, and RMB 720,000, as rental fees for the existing corporate stores during the fiscal years 2016, 2017 and 2018,respectively. The total area of these 2 corporate stores is 158 square meters. The sales of each store and its location are shown below:AreaSales in fiscalyear 2016(USD)Sales in fiscalyear 2017(USD)Sales in fiscalyear2018(USD)Shishi factory1,240,354.74772,299691,431Quanzhou Dayang (closed in 2016)470,280.90Total:1,710,635.64772,299691,43143Table of ContentsITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot required.ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSWe are engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of casual menswear in China, including apparel and accessories, which we market under the KBSbrand. The KBS brand was developed in 2006. Before 2012, we were engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of fashion sportswear in China. Sinceour products feature a unique and stylish design that is more fashionable than traditional sportswear, as well as quality fabrics and materials and the sportswearmarket was becoming more and more competitive, in late 2011 we turned our focus on casual menswear market which has higher profit margin. KBS’s apparelproducts include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, Jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, belts and caps. In 2016, the suggestedretail prices of KBS’s products ranged from RMB199 to RMB1,499 for its apparel products and RMB15 to RMB899 for its accessory products. KBS holds newproducts launch events twice every year, one in spring and the other in autumn. Since 2006, we have launched about 1,500,536 collections of new products eachyear with a different theme to highlight the current trends for the season. KBS’s marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese.” KBS’scustomers are male middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range, primarily located in tier two and tier three cities in China. The company has adopted “KBS” as auniform brand name, which stands for “Keep Best Style”, and KBS are designed by us for a uniform look and feel that fits our brand image, with instore displaysthat accentuate the quality and style of our products across all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. We believe that the KBSbrand has become a recognized brand name in the cities where their products are sold.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors. Thenumber of stores grew significantly from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006 to 31 corporate stores as of December 31, 2012 and 96franchised stores as of December 31, 2013, and decreased to 84 stores as of December 31, 2014. Because of the recent softening of economic growing in China andfierce competition from our competitors, online store sales of franchised stores and corporate stores went down in 2015 as compared with the previous year. In 2017and 2018, the distributors closed 15 and 8 franchised stores, respectively, and we closed 1 corporate store in year 2016. We generate more revenues from OEM in2018 and intend to generate more in OEM and target area from acquisitions.KBS also acts as an original design manufacturer, or ODM, upon request. Income from such services accounted for 14%, 7.3% and 9% of revenue for the yearsended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, KBS’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The company believesthat the shortage of labor and rising wage expectations in China, especially in the coastal area, could have a material impact on our operations as well as itssuppliers’ cost of manufacturing. By relocating from the coastal area to inland Anhui Province, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a morestable labor supply. Since the company’s original production team was not ready to produce the new style KBS products, KBS has outsourced its productmanufacturing to other established ODM manufacturers. As such, KBS’s own production facility in Taihu mainly takes OEM orders from other sportswearcompanies, like Xtep. Our production facility in Taihu, Anhui Province includes three parcels of land with a total area of 110,557 square meters. We have obtainedland use rights for two parcels of land with an area of 9,845 square meters in 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction ofthe adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire theland use right of the third parcel of land. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 can be continued. Once completed, our totalproduction capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year. We do not necessarilyrely on our own production facility to satisfy the demand of our products as we may outsource some or all of the production work to various ODM and OEMmanufacturers in China.44Table of ContentsA.Principal Factors Affecting Financial PerformanceOur operating results are primarily affected by the following factors:●Growth of China’s menswear industry. With approximately onefifth of the world’s population and a fastgrowing gross domestic product, Chinarepresents a significant growth opportunity for a wide variety of retail goods, including apparel. The enhanced living standards and increased disposableincome that has resulted from the vibrant economic growth has driven the rapid development of the men’s apparel market in China in recent years. China iscurrently one of the world’s largest men’s apparel markets. As a leading provider of casual menswear in China, we believe we are well positioned tocapitalize on the favorable economic, demographic and industry trends in this sector.●Brand recognition. We derive all of our revenues from sales of the KBS branded products in China, and our success depends on the market perceptionand acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture, lifestyle and images associated with this brand. Market acceptance of our brand may affect the sellingprices and market demand for our products, the profit margin of us can achieve, and our ability to grow.●Ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network. The ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in terms of floor area in our salesnetwork affects our results of operations in a given period. The franchised stores operated by our distributors have been and will continue to be the maincontributor to our revenue for the foreseeable future. Under the distribution business model, we sell directly to our distributors and recognize revenuesupon delivery of our products to them. Such distribution network has enabled us to accelerate sales growth at a much lower cost than opening direct storesand has limited our inventory and sales risks. Corporate stores operated by us, on the other hand, despite incurring more significant capital expenditures ascompared with franchised stores, allow us more control over our brand and the consumer’s shopping experience, which are important factors for the overallsuccess of our business. In addition, our corporate store sales generally have a higher gross profit margin than sales to distributors because we are able tosell the products at retail prices directly to the endconsumers and because we recognize expenses relating to our corporate stores as selling anddistribution expenses. Therefore, the ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network will affect our gross profit margin.●Product offering and pricing. Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define menswear trends as well as to anticipate, gauge andreact to changing consumer demands for menswear in a timely manner. Most of our products are subject to changing consumer preferences and fashiontrends that cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumer acceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, andour future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes.●Fluctuations in raw material supply and prices. The per unit cost of producing our products depends on the supply and price of raw materials,particularly fabrics such as cotton, wool and polyester, which have experienced volatility in past years. Increases in the price of raw materials wouldnegatively impact our gross margins if we are not able to offset such price increases through increases in our selling price or changes in product offeringsand mix.Financial Statement PresentationRevenue. During the periods covered by this section, we generated revenue from sales of our menswear products.45Table of ContentsCost of sales. During the periods covered by this section, our cost of sales primarily consisted of the costs of our outsourcing cost, raw materials, labor andoverhead. We did not have any inward or outward freight charges as these charges are borne by our distributors and suppliers.Gross profit and gross margin. For the periods covered by this section, our gross profit is equal to the difference between our net sales and cost of sales. Our grossmargin is equal to the gross profit divided by net sales. Our gross margin may not be comparable to those of other retail entities since some retail entities include allof their distribution network costs in cost of sales and others, like us, include these expenses in another statement of operations line item.Administrative expenses. For the periods covered by this section, general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to ourgeneral management, finance and administrative staff, professional advisor fees, audit fees and other expenses incurred in connection with general operations.Selling expenses. For the periods covered by this section, our selling and marketing expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to our sales andmarketing staff, store rent, business travel, coordination with distributor marketing and promotions, transportation costs and other sales related costs.Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, both in U.S. dollars and as apercentage of or revenue.Year endedDecember 31, 2018Year ended December 31, 2017Year ended December 31, 2016Amount% of SalesAmount% of SalesAmount% of SalesRevenue18,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales20,851,252112%35,274,352148%39,041,93295%Gross (loss)/profit2,316,13712%11,511,81648%2,158,2725%Operating expensesDistribution and selling expenses2,670,95514%3,265,38014%3,606,0109%Administrative expenses4,907,02026%4,879,39721%3,543,9939%Total operating expenses7,577,97541%8,144,77634%7,150,00317%Other income122,1391%461,5642%555,0511%Other gains and losses13,522,30073%122,2441%11,123,76727%Loss from operations23,294,273126%19,317,27281%15,560,44738%Finance costs96,4441%96,3850%71,7830%Change in fair value of warrant liabilities00%00%3,4090%Loss before tax23,390,717126%19,413,65782%15,628,82138%Income tax5,422,11929%4,598,06119%3,726,1339%Loss for the year17,968,59897%14,815,59662%11,902,68829%46Table of ContentsA breakdown of revenue, percentage of revenue and percentage of gross margin by segment for the respective periods is as follows:BybusinessDistribution networkCorporate storesOEMConsolidatedYear endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Sales toexternalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205% of Sales73%63%78%13%29%13%14%7%9%100%100%100%Segmentsgrossmargins2,245,9442,277,8586,623,6175,402,99414,291,6805,727,349845,700502,0071,262,0052,316,13611,511,8162,158,273Grossmarginrate17%15%21%227%205%104%33%29%36%12%48%5%Segment salesFor the year ended December 31, 2018, total revenue decreased by 22% from $23.8 million in 2017 to $18.5 million. Our total revenue of 2017 decreased by 33% from$41.2 million to $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company reports financial and operating results in three segments: distributor network,corporate stores and OEM.Distributor Network —Revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2018 decreased by 10% from $15 million in 2017 to $13 million primarily due to adecrease in sales volume. There was a decrease of revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2017 by 53% from $32.1 million in year 2016 primarily dueto a decrease in sales volume. The distributor segment accounted for 73% of the total revenue in 2018, compared to 63% and 78% during years 2017 and 2016,respectively.In year 2018, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network increased to 17% from 15% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price of newproducts. The sales went down in year 2018 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstockduring previous periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.47Table of ContentsIn year 2017, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network decreased to 15% from 21% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price, and thesales went down in year 2017 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstock duringprevious periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.The Company’s distributor network currently consists of 11 distributors in 12 provinces. Most of these distributors, either directly or through their subdistributors,operate KBSbranded stores. Some wholesale distributors sold the products to multibranded stores and online stores. As of December 31, 2018, distributorsoperated a total of 32 KBSbranded stores, primarily in second and third tier cities. KBS products distributed to the fourth and fifth tier cities are primarily sold inmultibranded department stores.Corporate Stores — Total revenue from corporate store sale for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $6.98 million for year 2017. In 2018 sales fromcorporate store decreased as compared to 2017 due to a decrease in promotion sales of repurchased inventory from certain distributors which are unable to pay offthe debts owed to us.Total revenue from corporate store sales for fiscal year 2017 was $6.98 million, compared to $5.53 million for year 2016. In 2017 sales from corporate stores increasedas compared to 2016 due to an increase in sales volume, which in turn was mainly attributable to the increase in promotion sales on repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors which are unable to pay off the debts owed to us.As of December 31, 2018, we operated 1 corporate store which located in Fujian. Total revenue from corporate store sales of 2018 decreased as compared to 2017because of the decrease the promotion sales of repurchased inventory.The corporate store segment contributed 14% of total revenue in 2018, compared to 29% of 2017 and 13% of 2016. Gross profit margin for the Company’s corporatestore was 232% in 2018, compared to 205% in 2017 and 104% in 2016. The margin compression from 2016 to 2018 is primarily due to: 1) close of 1 corporate store in2016 and the sale of its inventory at a lower price; 2) reduction of sale price of our goods in corporate stores to stimulate sales; 3) loss from sales of repurchasedinventory from certain distributors which sold at big discounted price in year 2017 and year 2018.OEM — The OEM segment is comprised of products that are designed by the customers but manufactured by us. Revenue from the OEM segment increased by$0.83 million to $2.57 million for year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017. Gross profit margin increased to 33%from 29% of year 2017. Revenue from the OEM segment decreased by $1.79 million to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $3.53 million foryear ended December 31, 2016. Gross profit margin decreased to 29% from 36% of year 2016. Our revenues from sales of OEM represented 14%, 9% and 9%,respectively of our total revenues for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.Cost of sales and gross profit rateCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for production purpose,outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges and water and electricity.Our cost of sales decreased from $35 million in year 2017 to $21 million in year 2018. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017.The gross profit rate increased from 48% in year 2017 to 12% in year 2018 due to 1) a decrease in the number of promotion sales in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, whichcaused a loss at RMB 40 million; 2) the higher price of updated new products and improvement of products quality; 3) higher profit margin of OEM segments due tolower amortized fixed fees from big orders from certain customers. In order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continuedoperation, we decided to continue to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors in 2018 and thereafter.48Table of ContentsOur cost of sales decreased from $39 million in year 2016 to $35 million in year 2017. The decrease was consistent with the decrease in our revenue, which resulted ina decrease in purchases by $7 million. The decrease in purchases was mainly due to a challenging retail environment and close of some stores.The gross profit rate decreased from 5% in year 2016 to 48% in year 2017 due to 1) a decrease in the number of our franchised stores from 55 as of December 31,2016 to 40 as of December 31, 2017; 2) in order to make more fair and friendly business environment for our all distributors, we adjusted our price policy to havesame price to our district distributors and province distributors in 2017, the price sell to the district distributor is lower than before. 3) a slowdown in demand inmenswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and our distributors faceddifficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 141.42 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million. Although we are not contractually obligated to buy back the excessiveinventory from any our distributors, in order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continued operation, we decided to do same in2017 to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors and we may implement similar plans in the following years.Administrative expensesAdministrative expenses increased by $0.02 million or 1% to $4.9 million for year 2018 from $4.88 million for 2017. The change was mainly due to the decrease ofoutsourcing design expense and the increase of the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Administrative expenses increased by $1.34 million or 37% to $4.88 million for year 2017 from $3.54 million for 2016. The increase was mainly due to the increase indesign staff expenses and the increase attributable to the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Distribution and selling expensesThe selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.59 million or 18% to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $ 3.2 million in 2017, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expense, products promotion expenses and entertainment expenses.The selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.34 million or 9.45% to $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $ 3.6 million in 2016, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expenses and promotion expense of products including placement order meeting expense.The advertisement expenses of 2018, 2017 and 2016 are relatively even and selling expenses accounted for 6.6%, 7.5% and 9% for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Other gains and lossesOther gains and losses increased by $13.4 million, or 10,875%, to $13.52 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $0.12 million for year 2017. The increasewas mainly due to the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value.Other gains and losses decreased by $11 million, or 98.9%, to $0.12 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $11.1 million for year 2016. The decrease wasmainly due to the fact that there was no additional provision on bad debts from three clients as in 2016.Profit for the yearWe had a loss of $18 million in 2018 as compared to a loss of $14.81 million for 2017, representing a decrease of profit of $3 million or 21%. Net margin was 97% forthe year ended December 31, 2018, compared to 62% for the year ended December 31, 2017.49Table of ContentsWe had a loss of $14.81 million in 2017 as compared to a loss of $11.9 million for 2016, representing a decrease of profit of $2.91 million or 25%. Net margin was 62%for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 29% for the year ended December 31, 2016.Profit for the year decreased from 2018 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons:(1)the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value (2) thedistribution and selling expenses decreased to a small portion of total revenue and the revenue also decreased compared to year ended December 31, 2017; (3) aslowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brands, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling products and paying back the balance owed to us. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 40 million.Profit for the year decreased from 2016 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons: (1) the administrative expenses increased to a large portion of total revenue; and(2) slowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 141.42 millionfrom certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million.B.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesAs of December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $21,026,103. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and cash in the banks. Webelieve that our current levels of cash and cash equivalent and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next12 months. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through net cash flow from operations. Our cash flows are driven by key performance indicatorsincluding the number of orders placed by distributors, number of outlets that each distributor operates the pricing of our products, sales of our corporate stores, andthe collect portion of account receivable. Currently there is only minimal cash held by offshore subsidiaries and there is no need for these subsidiaries to transfercash to Hongri PRC.The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this report:Fiscal Year Ended December 31201820172016Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(3,703,354)$1,922,252$3,194,287Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities52,932(865,365)45,445Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(3,907,291)(39,024)4,919,241Effects of exchange rate change in cash(1,117,062)1,513,138(1,556,980)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080Cash and cash equivalent at end of the period$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,34150Table of ContentsOperating ActivitiesThe net cash provided by operating activities consists of profit before tax, as adjusted by finance costs, change in fair value of warrant liabilities, interest income,shared based compensation, bad debt allowance, depreciation of property, plant and equipment, amortization of prepaid lease payment and trademark, amortizationof subsidies prepaid to distributors, amortization of prepayment and premiums under operating leases, provision(Reversal) of inventory obsolescence, provision ofimpairment loss in prepayments, loss(gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment, deferred income tax, which include trade and other receivables, prepaymentand deferred expenses, inventory, trade and other payables.Net cash used in operating activities in fiscal year 2018 was $3.7 million, compared with net cash provided by operating activities of $1.9 million in the year endedDecember 31, 2017. The change is mainly due to the increase of provision of Anhui property and the increase of deferred tax due to the loss of fiscal year 2018.Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.9 million, compared with $3.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2016. The change is mainlydue to the decrease in the amount of collection of account receivable.Investing ActivitiesNet cash provided by investing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.05 million, compared with $0.8 million net cash used in investing activities in 2017. The net cashprovided in investing activities in 2018 was interest received from our bank deposits.Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $0.8 million, compared with $0.04 million net cash provided by investing activities in 2016. The net cashused in investing activities in 2017 was to purchase fire protection facility.Financing ActivitiesNet cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.26 million, compared with $1.1 million net cash used in financing activities in 2017. It mainly consistedof repayment of bank loans in 2018.Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.1 million, compared with $1.68 million net cash provided by financing activities in 2016. It mainlyconsisted of interests paid for our bank loans.Loans, Other Commitments, ContingenciesAs of December 31, 2018, we had bank loans in an amount of $1,092,785. We may, however, in the future, require additional cash resources due to changing businessconditions, implementation of our strategy to expand our business or other investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our own financial resources areinsufficient to satisfy the capital requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain additional credit facilities. The sale of additionalequity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require usto agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overallbusiness prospects.C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.Our industry is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and changing customer demands. These conditions require continuousexpenditures on product research and development to enhance existing products create new products and avoid product obsolescence. See Item 3 “Key Information—D. Risk Factors—If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected,” —“Ifwe are unable to keep pace with the rapid technological changes in our industry, demand for our products and services could decline which would adversely affectour revenue,” and —“Our technology may become obsolete which could materially adversely affect our ability to sell our products and services.” For a detailedanalysis of research and development costs, see Item 5.A. “Operating Results—Results of Operations—Research and development expenses”.D.Trend InformationOther than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that wouldcause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.E.Off Balance Sheet ArrangementsWe do not have any off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes infinancial condition, sales or expenses, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures, or capital resources that are material to an investment in our securities.51Table of ContentsF.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual ObligationsThe table below shows our material contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018.Payments Due by PeriodLess than1 year13 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsContractual ObligationsConstruction Obligations$64,088,236Operating Lease Obligations$78,532146,7052,225,030Total$64,166,768146,7052,225,030Anhui Factory Construction ContractOn November 20, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party for the construction of a new plant with a total size of 110,557 square meters, atTaihu City, Anhui at a consideration of RMB 690 million (equivalent to approximately $104 million). This is the frame contract for the construction of Anhui factoryand round estimation. By December 31, 2016 we had already paid about $37.75 million in total on the phase 1, 2, 3 of construction based on detailed phase contractand the balance of construction cost of the Anui factory need to be determined based on the ontime budget on every phase. The majority of funds for constructionexpenses came from the cash balance on the account as of December 31, 2018 and the new profit of following year.Anhui Land Use Right Acquisition ContractOn September 2, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party to acquire a land use right in relation to the development of factories in Taihu City,Anhui Province, at a total consideration of RMB 43 million (approximately $6.3 million). Full consideration was paid in September 2010. There are three parts of theland. The Company has obtained land use rights certificates for the first parcel of land with 7,405 square meters on March 19, 2012, and the second parcel of landwith 2,440 square meters on May 26, 2012. The Company is currently in the process of obtaining the land use right certificate for the third parcel of the land with100,712 square meters.Except as set forth above, we have no other material longterm debt, capital or operating lease or fixed purchase obligations.InflationInflation and changing prices have not had a material effect on our business, and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect ourbusiness in the foreseeable future. However, our management will closely monitor price changes in the Chinese economy and the apparel industry and continuallymaintain effective cost controls in operations.52Table of ContentsSeasonalityOur business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal. Historically, we have realized more of our revenue and earnings in the fourth quarter, which includes themajority of the holiday shopping season, than in any other fiscal quarter.Critical Accounting PoliciesThe preparation of financial statements is in conformity with IFRS as issued by the IASB. It requires the Company’s management to make assumptions, estimatesand judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. The Company hasidentified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of Company’s financial statements. These accounting policies are important for anunderstanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of theCompany’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to makeestimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitivebecause of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly frommanagement’s current judgments. The Company believes the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in thepreparation of the Company’s financial statements.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects the considerationto which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled in exchange fortransferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that asignificant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration issubsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to the customerfor more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would be reflected in a separatefinancing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financing component which provides theCompany a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interest expense accreted on the contract liabilityunder the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services is oneyear or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component, using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of the goods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receiptsover the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.53Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with thedividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. Revenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer. Revenue from allabove categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of thetransaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered and title has passed.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting the deductible inputVAT of the period, is VAT payable.54Table of ContentsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial periodof time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use orsale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal government retirementbenefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fund their retirementbenefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal government takes responsibility for theretirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly, the only obligation of the Groupwith respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employment with the Group. There are no provisionsunder the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans are considered defined contribution plans. The Grouphas no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixed contributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pensionschemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service is performed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised inother comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Groupoperates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable taxregulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred taxassets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which thosedeductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or fromthe initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accountingprofit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able to control thereversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising fromdeductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profitsagainst which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.55Table of ContentsThe carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficienttaxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based ontax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assetsreflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carryingamount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when thedeferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities wherethere is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, inwhich case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arisesfrom the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.Store preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll and supplies.The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenses when occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases areclassified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes. Leaseholdimprovements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes other thanconstruction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful lives and aftertaking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction in progressis carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment whencompleted and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for theirintended use.56Table of ContentsAn item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of theasset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) isincluded in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.The Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights to use theland on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizable valuerepresents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fair valuethrough profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model formanaging them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the practicalexpedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus in the case of a financialasset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group hasapplied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance with the policies set out for “Revenue recognition(applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cash flowsthat are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established by regulation orconvention in the marketplace.57Subsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognised inthe income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversals arerecognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair value changes arerecognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive income is recycled to theincome statement.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under HKAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. The classification isdetermined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statement when theright of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and the amount of the dividendcan be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains arerecorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income are not subject to impairmentassessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value throughprofit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for thepurpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading unless they aredesignated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interest are classified and measured atfair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to be classified at amortised cost or at fairvalue through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition ifdoing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.58Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in theincome statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separate derivative if theeconomic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet thedefinition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changesin fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cashflows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between thecontractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the originaleffective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to thecontractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are providedfor credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been asignificant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespectiveof the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. When making theassessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on thefinancial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort,including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider afinancial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full beforetaking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering thecontractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the general approach andthey are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach as detailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured at anamount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets and for whichthe loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the loss allowance ismeasured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs59Simplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of asignificant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not track changes incredit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on itshistorical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt the simplifiedapproach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed from theGroup’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to what extent, ithas retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset nortransferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Groupalso recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that theGroup has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and the maximumamount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’sfinancial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.Subsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method unless theeffect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement when the liabilities arederecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.60Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantiallymodified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference between therespective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right tooffset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to the contractualprovisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financialassets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.The Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. Theeffective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of theeffective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, where appropriate, a shorter period tothe net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.61Table of ContentsReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including trade and otherreceivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment (seeaccounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a resultof one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have been affected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequently assessed forimpairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience of collecting payments,and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national or local economic conditions thatcorrelate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between the asset’scarrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.The carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables, where thecarrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized in profit or loss. When atrade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off arecredited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment losseswas recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset at the date theimpairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.G.Safe HarborSee “Introductory Notes—ForwardLooking Information.”62Table of ContentsITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEESA.Directors and Senior ManagementThe following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors and senior management, as well as employees upon whose work we are dependent, as ofthe date of this annual report.NAMEAGEPOSITIONKeyan Yan47Chairman and Chief Executive OfficerThemis Kalapotharakos44Executive DirectorLixiaTu37Chief Financial Officer and DirectorJohn Sano49Independent DirectorMatthew C. Los54Independent DirectorZhongmin Zhang76Independent DirectorYuet Mei Chan38Independent DirectorMr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has been the Chairman of our board of directors and Chief Executive Officer since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr.Yan has over 16 years of senior management experience. He served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of KBS International between March 2011 and August2014. From 1994 to present, Mr. Yan has served as general manager of Hongri PRC. Prior to joining us, Mr. Yan served as workshop manager, production managerand marketing manager of Zhenshi Knitting Factory in Shishi, China from 19891994. Mr. Yan obtained a certificate of corporate management from Xiamen Universityin 1992.Ms. Lixia Tu. Ms. Tu became the Company’s Chief Financial Officer on June 25, 2015. Ms. Tu has more than night years of accounting and audit experience, familiarwith IFRS, US GAAP, SarbanesOxley and the compliance requirements of SEC. After she worked as a project manager at BDO China Fu Jian SHU LUN PANCertified Public Accountants for four years, she worked as a CFO or a financial consultant for some other companies. Ms. Tu holds a Master’s degree inprofessional accounting from the University of Deakin in Australia. Ms. Tu is also a member of the Chartered Association of Certified Accountants.Mr. Themis Kalapotharakos. Mr. Kalapotharakos became our executive director on June 15, 2015. Mr. Kalapotharakos has acquired a range of expertise of a widespectrum of business activities. He has extensive highlevel experience at the Shipping, Trading and Finance industries where he has founded, developed andoperated various businesses starting from the ground up. His roles involved regular communication and coordination with investors, financial institutions, capitalmarket authorities, custodian and administrative banks, auditors and legal counsel. He holds a Bachelor’s degree from Cardiff University and an MSc Degree fromCass Business School in the UK.John Sano. Mr. Sano has been an independent director of the Company since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr. Sano has over 20 years ofexperience in apparel & home furnishings concept, design, sourcing, production, and ecommerce. He has extensive experience in all aspects of the retail clothingsupply chain, from conceptualization to final production and distribution. Mr. Sano has also advised and worked closely with numerous top brands in the US. Hehas been General Director of Sano Design Services since 2002. Mr. Sano has an associate’s degree in interior design from Traphagen School of Design.Mr. Matthew C. Los. Mr. Los became our director on October 8, 2015. Mr. Los has acquired a range of expertise of a wide spectrum of business activities. He hasover 20 years’ experience at high level management, and has founded, developed and operated various businesses in the shipping, energy, telecommunications realestate industries starting from the ground up. He also has experience in the capital markets and was the CEO of Aquasition Corp., the predecessor of the Company,prior to the Share Exchange. Mr. Los has a BSc in Mechanical Engineering and Computer Aided Design from University of Westminster in the UK.Mr. Zhongmin Zhang. Mr. Zhang became our director on July 10, 2017. He has over 45 years of extensive experience in many facets of textile business, including inproduction, marketing, and management. Currently, Mr. Zhang is the president of Zhengzhou Guangda Textile Printing & Dyeing Co., Ltd. which has an annualproduction of 216 million meters of various textile products, with a value of RMB 800 million. Holding a title of Senior Engineer, Mr. Zhang graduated from HarbinInstitute of Technology in 1965. He also has certificates in finance management and civil law.Mr. Yuet Mei Chan. Ms. Chan became our director on July 10, 2017. She has over 15 years of experience in the banking industry. She held several senior positions ina prestigious bank in Hong Kong from 20012016. She is currently a financial consultant at AIA and specializes in analyzing financial situations and market trends.Ms. Chan holds a diploma in Computing and Business Studies from Hong Kong St. Perth College.No family relationship exists between any of the persons named above.63Table of ContentsB.CompensationIn 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $207,268 in cash as compensation to our directors and senior management as a group, and some of our directors andexecutive officers also received compensation in the form of annual salaries and bonuses. We do not set aside or accrue any amounts for pension, retirement orother benefits for our directors and senior management. However, we reimburse our directors for outofpocket expenses incurred in connection with their services insuch capacity.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to our executive officers and directors as compensations for theirservices. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to the Company’s executiveofficers, directors and certain employees as compensations for their service. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.2018 Equity Incentive PlanOn December 24, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2018 Plan, pursuant to which the Company may offerup to two million shares of common stock as equity incentives to its directors, employees and consultants. Such number of shares is subject to adjustment in theevent of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, stock splits, stock dividends, or other change in the corporate structure of the Companyaffecting the shares issuable under the 2018 Plan. As of December 31, 2018, we have not granted any equity awards under the 2018 Plan.The following paragraphs summarize the terms of our 2018 Plan:Purpose. The purposes of the 2018 Plan are to promote the longterm growth and profitability of the Company and its affiliates by stimulating the efforts ofemployees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates who are selected to be participants, aligning the longterm interests of participants with thoseof shareholders, heightening the desire of participants to continue in working toward and contributing to our success, attracting and retaining the best availablepersonnel for positions of substantial responsibility, and generally providing additional incentive for them to promote the success of our business through the grantof awards of or pertaining to our common stock. The 2018 Plan permits the grant of ISOs, NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share AppreciationRights, Performance Units and Performance Shares as the administrator of the 2018 Plan may determine.Administration. The 2018 Plan is administered by our Board. The administrator has the authority to determine the specific terms and conditions of all awards grantedunder the 2018 Plan, including, without limitation, the number of shares of common stock subject to each award, the price to be paid for the shares and the applicablevesting criteria. The administrator has discretion to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2018 Plan.Eligibility. NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share Appreciation Rights, Performance Units and Performance Shares may be granted to employees,directors or consultants either alone or in combination with any other awards. ISOs may be granted only to employees of the Company, and of any parent orsubsidiary.Shares Available for Issuance Under the 2018 Plan. Subject to adjustment as described below, (a) the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issuedunder the 2018 Plan is 2,000,000 shares of common stock, (b) to the extent consistent with Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the“Code”), not more than an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of common stock may be issued under ISOs, and (c) not more than 200,000 shares of common stock (or forawards denominated in cash, the Fair Market Value of 200,000 shares of common stock on the Grant Date, as defined in the 2018 Plan), may be awarded to anyindividual participant in the aggregate in any one fiscal year of the Company, such limitation to be applied in a manner consistent with the requirements of, and onlyto the extent required for compliance with, the exclusion from the limitation on deductibility of compensation under Code Section 162(m). The number and class ofshares available under the 2018 Plan are subject to adjustment in the event of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, share splits, sharedividends, or other similar events which change the number or kind of shares outstanding.64Table of ContentsTransferability. Unless otherwise provided in the 2018 Plan or otherwise determined by the administrator, an award may not be sold, pledged, assigned,hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution and may be exercised, during the lifetime of theparticipant, only by the participant. However, the administrator may, at or after the grant of an award other than an ISO, provide that such award may be transferredby the recipient to a “family member” (as defined in the 2018 Plan); provided, however, that any such transfer is without payment of any consideration whatsoeverand that no transfer shall be valid unless first approved by the administrator, acting in its sole discretion, and as required by our Amended and Restated Articles ofIncorporation. If the administrator makes an award transferable, such award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the administrator deemsappropriate.Termination of, or Amendments to, the 2018 Plan. The Board may at any time amend, alter, suspend or terminate the 2018 Plan, provided that the Company willobtain shareholder approval of any 2018 Plan amendment to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with applicable Laws. No amendment, alteration,suspension or termination of the 2018 Plan will impair the rights of any participant, unless mutually agreed otherwise between the participant and the administrator,which agreement must be in writing and signed by the participant and the Company. Termination of the 2018 Plan will not affect the administrator’s ability to exercisethe powers granted to it hereunder with respect to awards granted prior to the date of such termination.The 2018 Plan will terminate five years following the date it was adopted by the Board, unless sooner terminated by the Board.Employment AgreementsPlease refer to Item 10 “Additional Information—C. Material Contracts.”C.Board PracticesOur board of directors currently consists of seven members, Keyan Yan, Lixia Tu, John Sano, Themis Kalapotharakos, Matthew C. Los, Yuet Mei Chan andZhongmin Zhang.The Board has established the Audit Committee, which is comprised entirely of independent directors. From time to time, the Board may establish other committees.Audit CommitteeOur Audit Committee is currently composed of three members: Yuet Mei Chan, John Sano and Matthew C. Los. Our Board of Directors determined that each memberof the Audit Committee meets the independence criteria prescribed by applicable regulation and the rules of the SEC for audit committee membership. Each AuditCommittee member also meets NASDAQ’s financial literacy requirements. Matthew C. Los serves as Chair of the Audit Committee.Our Board of Directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is the “audit committee financial expert” as such term is defined in Item 407(d) of Regulation SKpromulgated by the SEC and also meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements.The Audit Committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our Company. The Audit Committee isresponsible for, among other things:●the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the independent auditor;●reviewing and preapproving all auditing services and permissible nonaudit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed by theindependent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed relatedparty transactions;●discussing the interim and annual financial statements with management and our independent auditors;●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor (a) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls, (b) theCompany’s internal audit procedures, and (c) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, and managementreports thereon;65Table of Contents●reviewing reported violations of the Company’s code of conduct and business ethics; and●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor various topics and events that may have significant financial impact on theCompany or that are the subject of discussions between management and the independent auditors.D.EmployeesAs of December 31, 2018, we employed 370 fulltime employees. The following table sets forth the number of our fulltime employees by function. FunctionNumber ofEmployeesManagement and Administration28Marketing, Sales and Distribution18Design and Product Development20Production281Procurement, Warehousing and Logistics19Quality and Assurance7TOTAL370We believe that we have maintained a satisfactory working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any significant labor disputes or anydifficulty in recruiting staff for company’s operations. None of company’s employees is represented by a labor union.Our employees in China participate in a state pension plan organized by Chinese municipal and provincial governments. The company is required to make monthlycontributions to the plan for each employee at the rate of 23% of his or her average assessable salary. In addition, the company is required by Chinese law to coveremployees in China with various types of social insurance. The company believes that it is in material compliance with the relevant PRC laws.E.Share OwnershipThe following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of each class of our voting securities as of April 26, 2019 (i) by each person who is knownby us to beneficially own more than 5% of our voting securities; (ii) by each of our officers and directors; and (iii) by all of our officers and directors as a group.NameOffice, If AnyTitle of ClassAmount andNature ofBeneficialOwnership(1)Percent ofClass(2)Officers and DirectorsKeyan Yan(3)Chairman, CEO and PresidentCommon Stock964,32037.21%Lixia TuChief Financial Officer and DirectorCommon Stock60,0002.32%Themis KalapotharakosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%John SanoDirectorCommon Stock5,0000.19%Matthew C. LosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%Zhongmin ZhangDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%Yuet Mei ChanDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%All officers and directors as a group (7 personsnamed above)1,129,32043.58%5% Security HoldersKeyan Yan (3)Common Stock964,32037.21%Alliance Investment Management Limited(4)Common Stock195,488(4)7.54%*Less than 1%(1)Beneficial Ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Eachof the beneficial owners listed above has direct ownership of and sole voting power and investment power with respect to our common stock.66Table of Contents(2)As of April 26, 2019, a total of 2,591,299 shares of commons stock are considered to be outstanding pursuant to SEC Rule 13d3(d)(1). For each Beneficial Ownerabove, any securities that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days have been included in the denominator.(3)Includes 20,000 shares of common stock owned by Bizhen Chen, Mr. Yan’s wife.(4)Based solely on Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on August 8, 2018, in which Alliance Investment Management reported it has sole voting and dispositivepower with respect to 195,488 shares of our common stock. The address of the reporting person is 7 Belmont Road, Kingston, Jamaica.None of our existing shareholders has voting rights that differ from the voting rights of other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at asubsequent date, result in our change in control.ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSA.Major ShareholdersPlease refer to Item 6 “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.”B.Related Party TransactionsFrom time to time, KBS and its subsidiaries borrowed money from our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Keyan Yan, to pay for Company expenses. Theseamounts are interestfree, unsecured and repayable on demand. In years 2017 and 2016, Mr. Yan paid all the Company expenses in connection with the Company’sNasdaq continued listing and SEC reporting out of his pocket. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of these amounts we borrowed from Mr. Yan was$485,302 and $35,483, respectively.C.Interests of Experts and CounselNot applicable.ITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATIONA.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial InformationFinancial StatementsWe have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this report. See Item 18 “Financial Statements.”Legal Proceedings We may be subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our business from time to time. We are currently not party to anylegal or arbitration proceedings, including those relating to bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings and those involving any third party, which may have, orhave had in the recent past, significant effects on our financial position or profitability.Dividend PolicyTo date, we have not paid any cash dividends on our shares. As a Marshall Islands company, we may only declare and pay dividends except when the corporationis insolvent or would thereby be made insolvent or when the declaration or payment would be contrary to any restrictions contained in our Articles ofIncorporation. Dividends may be declared and paid out of surplus only; but in case there is no surplus, dividends may be declared or paid out of the net profits forthe fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and for the preceding fiscal year. We currently anticipate that we will retain any available funds to finance thegrowth and operation of our business and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our cash held in foreign countriesmay be subject to certain control limitations or repatriation requirements, limiting our ability to use this cash to pay dividends.67Table of ContentsB.Significant ChangesNo significant change has occurred since the date of our consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTINGA.Offer and Listing DetailsOur common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market and trade under the symbol “KBSF.” Between January 23, 2013 and November 3, 2014, our commonstock was traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “AQU.” Our Warrants and Units are quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “KBSFW”and “KBSFU”, respectively. Prior to November 3, 2014, our Warrants and Units were quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “AQUUF” and “AQUUU”,respectively. Before their quotation on the OTC Markets, our Units commenced to trade on the Nasdaq Stock Market on October 26, 2012 and our Warrantscommenced to trade separately from its Units on January 23, 2013.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.Approximate Number of Holders of Our SecuritiesOn April 26, 2019, there was 1 holder of record of our Units, 359 shareholders of record of our common stock and 1 holder of record of our Warrants. Certain of oursecurities are held in nominee or street name so the actual number of beneficial owners of our securities is greater than the number of record holders set forth above.B.Plan of DistributionNot applicable.C.MarketsSee our disclosures above under “A. Offer and Listing Details.”D.Selling ShareholdersNot applicable. E.DilutionNot applicable.F.Expenses of the IssueNot applicable.68Table of ContentsITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONA.Share CapitalOur Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation authorize the Company to issue up to 155,000,000 shares with a par value of $0.0001, consisting of 150,000,000shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of date of this report, there are 2,591,299 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Wehave never issued any preferred stock.●As of date of this report, we have 717 IPO Units outstanding.●As of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding (including 369,302 IPO Warrants and 24,534 Placement Warrants), each warrant entitles theholder to purchase one share of common stock at a purchase price of $172.5.B.Memorandum and Articles of AssociationThe following represents a summary of certain key provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. The summary does not purport to be a summary of allof the provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. For more complete information you should read our amended and restated articles ofincorporation and bylaws, each listed as an exhibit to this report.We were incorporated in the Marshall Islands on January 26, 2012 under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BCA”). The purpose of the Company isto engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may now or hereafter be organized under the BCA. Our amended and restated articles of incorporationand bylaws do not impose any limitations on the ownership rights of our stockholders.Description of Common StockEach outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Upon our dissolution, liquidation orwinding up of the affairs of the Company, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidationpreferences, if any, the holders or our common stock will be entitled to receive pro rata our remaining assets available for distribution. Holders of common stock donot have conversion, redemption or preemptive rights to subscribe to any of our securities.Blank Check Preferred Stock.Our Board of Directors is authorized, without any further vote or action by our stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in different classesand series and, with respect to each class or series, to determine the designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights,conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the powers and rights associated with the common stock,at such times and on such other terms as they think proper. Our Board of Directors may issue shares of preferred stock on terms calculated to discourage, delay orprevent a change of control of our company or the removal of our management.WarrantsAs of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding, among which 369,302 warrants were issued to the public in our IPO (the “IPO Warrants”). Each ofthe IPO Warrants entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.5 expiring on July 31, 2019, provided that there is an effectiveregistration statement covering the shares of common stock underlying the IPO Warrants.69Table of ContentsThe Company may redeem the IPO Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon 30 days’ notice, after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, only inthe event that the last sale price of the shares of common stock is at least $17.50 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30trading day period (“30Day TradingPeriod”) ending three business days prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is a current registration statement in effect with respectto the shares of common stock underlying such IPO Warrants throughout the 30day redemption period. The Company is only required to use its best efforts tomaintain the effectiveness of the registration statement covering the underlying common stock of the IPO Warrants. There are no contractual penalties for failure todeliver securities if a registration statement is not effective at the time of exercise. Additionally, in the event that a registration statement is not effective at the time ofexercise, the holder of such warrant shall not be entitled to exercise such warrant for cash and in no event (whether in the case of a registration statement not beingeffective or otherwise) will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrant exercise.In addition, Aqua Investments Corp., an entity controlled by certain founding shareholders of the Company, acquired 24,534 warrants, each entitles the holder topurchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50, expiring on July 31, 2019 (the “Placement Warrants”). The Placement Warrants are identical to the IPOWarrants except that the Placement Warrants (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis; (ii) will not be redeemable by the Company and (ii) may beexercised even if there is not an effective registration statement relating to the shares underlying the warrants, so long as they are held by the initial purchaser orany of its permitted transferees.As of date of this report, we also have 717 IPO Units outstanding and publicly trading, each including one IPO Warrant and one share of our common stock.DirectorsThe business and affairs of the Company are managed by or under the direction of our Board of Directors.Our directors are elected by the holders of the shares representing a majority of the total voting power of the thenoutstanding capital stock of the Company entitledto vote generally in the election of directors (“Voting Stock”). Our amended and restated articles of incorporation provide that cumulative voting shall not be used toelect directors. Each director will be elected to serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his/her successor shall have been duly elected andqualified, except in the event of his/her death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of his/her term of office.Any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of thetotal voting power of the Voting Stock entitled to vote thereon or with cause by directors constituting at least twothirds of the entire Board.Vacancies in the Board of Directors occurring by death, resignation, the creation of new directorships, the failure of the shareholders to elect the whole board at anyannual election of directors, or, except as herein provided, for any other reason, including removal of directors for cause, may be filled either by the affirmative voteof a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, at any special meeting called for that purpose or at any regular meeting of theBoard. Vacancies occurring by removal of directors without cause may be filled only by vote of the shareholders.Shareholder MeetingsAnnual stockholder meetings will be held at a time and place selected by our board of directors. The meetings may be held in or outside of the Marshall Islands.Under our amended and restated articles of incorporation, special meetings may be called by the board of directors, or by the secretary of the Company requestedby stockholders representing certain amount of voting power. Our board of directors shall give not less than 15 days and not more than 60 days prior written noticeof a shareholders’ meeting to each shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat and to each shareholder of record who, by reason of any action proposed at suchmeeting would be entitled to have his/her shares appraised if such action were taken, and the notice shall include a statement of that purpose and to that effect.Our bylaws provide that a meeting of shareholders is duly constituted if, at the commencement of the meeting, there are shareholders present in person or by proxyrepresenting not less than a majority of the votes of the shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on resolutions of shareholders to be considered at themeeting.70Table of ContentsIf a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of stock represented at the meeting will be the act of the shareholders. At any meeting ofshareholders, each shareholder entitled to vote any shares on any manner to be voted upon at such meeting shall be entitled to one vote on such matter for eachsuch share. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the action so taken, issigned by all the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof.Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal and Payment.Under the BCA, our stockholders have the right to dissent from various corporate actions, including any merger or sale of all or substantially all of our assets notmade in the usual course of our business, and receive payment of the fair value of their shares. However, the right of a dissenting stockholder to receive payment ofthe fair value of his or her shares shall not be available for any shares of stock of the constituent corporation surviving a merger if the merger did not require for itsapproval the vote of the stockholders of the surviving corporation. In the event of any further amendment of our articles of incorporation, a stockholder also has theright to dissent and receive payment for his or her shares if the amendment alters certain rights in respect of those shares. The dissenting stockholder must followthe procedures set forth in the BCA to receive payment. In the event that we and any dissenting stockholder fail to agree on a price for the shares, the BCAprocedures involve, among other things, the institution of proceedings in the circuit court in the judicial circuit in the Marshall Islands in which our Marshall Islandsoffice is situated. The value of the shares of the dissenting stockholder is fixed by the court after reference, if the court so elects, to the recommendations of a courtappointed appraiser.Stockholders’ Derivative ActionsUnder the BCA, any of our stockholders may bring an action in our name to procure a judgment in our favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that thestockholder bringing the action is a holder of common stock both at the time the derivative action is commenced and at the time of the transaction to which theaction relates.Indemnification of Officers and DirectorsThe BCA authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors and officers to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages forbreaches of directors’ fiduciary duties. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation include a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors formonetary damages for actions taken as a director to the fullest extent permitted by law. We must indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorizedby law. We are also expressly authorized to advance certain expenses (including attorneys’ fees and disbursements and court costs) to our directors and offices andcarry directors’ and officers’ insurance providing indemnification for our directors, officers and certain employees for some liabilities.The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws may discourage stockholders frombringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigationagainst directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. In addition, your investment may beadversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.C.Material ContractsWe have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in Item 4 “Information on theCompany,” Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations,” Item 7 “Major Shareholders and RelatedParty Transactions,” or filed (or incorporated by reference) as exhibits to this annual report or otherwise described or referenced in this annual report.D.Exchange ControlsMarshall Islands Exchange ControlsUnder Marshall Islands law, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect theremittance of dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our shares.71Table of ContentsBVI Exchange ControlsThere are no material exchange controls restrictions on payment of dividends, interest or other payments to the holders of our common stock or on the conduct ofour operations in the BVI, where we were incorporated. There are no material BVI laws that impose any material exchange controls on us or that affect the paymentof dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our common stock. BVI law and our memorandum and articles of association do not impose anymaterial limitations on the right of nonresidents or foreign owners to hold or vote our common stock.PRC Exchange ControlsRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued bySAFE and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade and service payments, payment ofinterest and dividends can be made without prior approval from SAFE by following the appropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMBinto foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRC for the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments,loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from SAFE or its local office.On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency Management Policy on Direct Investment, effective fromJune 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investmentfrom SAFE. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for the purpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed withqualified banks, which, under the supervision of SAFE, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise, or SAFE Circular 19,was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to SAFE Circular 19, a foreigninvested enterprise may, according to its actualbusiness needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchange bureau has confirmedmonetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the time being, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shall truthfully use itscapital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equity investment with theamount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open a corresponding Account forForeign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming andRegulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or SAFE Circular 16, was promulgated and became effective on June 9,2016. According to SAFE Circular 16, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreign currency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionarybasis. SAFE Circular 16 provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items (including but not limited to foreigncurrency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. SAFE Circular 16 reiterates the principle thatRenminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope andmay not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guarantee the principal within the PRCunless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless it is within the businessscope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Optimizing Genuineness and ComplianceVerification, or SAFE Circular 3, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits from domestic entities tooffshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution, original copies oftax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses before remitting any profits.Moreover, pursuant to SAFE Circular 3, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provide boardresolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.72Table of ContentsRegulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsSAFE issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special PurposeVehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issues Concerning theRegulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles, to regulateforeign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investment and financing orconduct round trip investment in China. SAFE Circular 37 defines a SPV as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly or indirectly, by PRC residents orentities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets or interests, while “round tripinvestment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through SPVs, namely, establishing foreigninvested enterprises to obtain theownership, control rights and management rights. SAFE Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into an SPV, PRC residents or entities be required tocomplete foreign exchange registration with SAFE or its local branch. In addition, SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving theAdministration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended SAFE Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015,requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.PRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to SPVs but had not obtained registration as required before theimplementation of the SAFE Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the SPVs with qualified banks. An amendment to the registration isrequired if there is a material change with respect to the SPV registered, such as any change of basic information (including change of the PRC residents, name andoperation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers or divisions. Failure to comply with the registrationprocedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclose controllers of the foreigninvestedenterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to itsoffshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities to penalties under PRC foreignexchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companiesby PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRCsubsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansSAFE promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan ofOverseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issued by SAFE in March 2007. Pursuant tothe Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residents participating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted companyare required to register with SAFE or its local branches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents mustconduct the SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of theoverseas publicly listed company or another qualified institution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevantSAFE registration should there be any material change to the stock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of thePRC residents who have the right to exercise the employee stock options, apply to SAFE or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreigncurrencies in connection with the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the saleof shares under the stock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRCopened by the PRC agents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.73Table of ContentsWe adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We have advised therecipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice. However, wecannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subjectthe PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016 respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014 respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our BVI holding company may rely on dividend payments from IST,which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on the ability of ourconsolidated VIEs to make remittance to IST and on the ability of IST to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations ofthose entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends andother distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you,and otherwise fund and conduct our business”E.TaxationThe following is a general summary of the material Marshall Islands, Hong Kong, BVI, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to an investmentin our units, shares of common stock and warrants to acquire our shares of common stock, sometimes referred to collectively in this summary as our “securities”.The discussion is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal or tax advice to any particular prospective purchaser. The discussion is based on lawsand relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change or different interpretations, possibly withretroactive effect. The discussion does not address United States state or local tax laws, or tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Marshall Islands, Hong Kong,the BVI, the PRC and the United States. We recommend that you consult your own tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquisition, ownership anddisposition of our securities.Marshall Islands TaxationThe following are the material Marshall Islands tax consequences of our activities to us and to our stockholders and warrant holders of investing in our CommonStock and warrants. Under current Marshall Islands law, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains, and no Marshall Islands withholding tax or income taxwill be imposed upon payments of dividends by us to our stockholders or proceeds from the disposition of our common stock and warrants, provided suchstockholders or warrant holders, as the case may be, are not residents in the Marshall Islands. There is no tax treaty between the United States and the Republic ofthe Marshall Islands.BVI TaxationThe BVI does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid to us by our BVI subsidiary, nor does the BVI levy any capital gains or income taxes on us or our BVIsubsidiary. However, our BVI subsidiary is required to pay the BVI government an annual license fee based on the number of shares it is authorized to issue.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the BVI.74Table of ContentsHong Kong TaxationOur Hong Kong subsidiaries, under the current laws of Hong Kong, are subject to profits tax of 16.5%. No provision for Hong Kong profits tax has been made asour Hong Kong subsidiaries have no taxable income.PRC TaxationWe are a holding company incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which indirectly holds our equity interests in our PRC operating subsidiaries. The EIT Law and itsimplementation rules, both of which became effective as of January 1, 2008, provide that a PRC enterprise is subject to a standard income tax rate of 25% and Chinasourced income of foreign enterprises, such as dividends paid by a PRC subsidiary to its overseas parent, will normally be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of10%, unless there are applicable treaties between the overseas parent’s jurisdiction of incorporation and China to reduce such rate.Under the Arrangement between the Mainland and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention ofFiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, or the Double Taxation Arrangement, effective as of January 1, 2007, such dividend withholding tax rate is reducedto 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns over 25% of the PRC company distributing the dividends. Under the aforesaid arrangement, any dividends that ourPRC operating subsidiaries pay to their Hong Kong holding companies may be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 5% if they are not considered to be a PRC“resident enterprise” as described below. However, if the Hong Kong holdings companies are not considered to be the “beneficial owner” of such dividends underthe Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties promulgated by the State Administration of Taxation on October 27,2009 (and not a PRC “resident enterprise”), such dividends would be subject to the withholding tax rate of 10%. The withholding tax rate of 5% or 10% applicablewill have a significant impact on the amount of dividends to be received by us and ultimately by shareholders.According to the Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties, the term “beneficial owner” refers to a person who hasthe right to own and dispose of the income and the rights or properties generated from the said income. The “beneficial owner” may be an individual, a company orany other organization which is usually engaged in substantial business operations. A conduit company is not a “beneficial owner.” The term “conduit company”refers to a company which is usually established for purposes of dodging or reducing taxes, and transferring or accumulating profits. Such a company is onlyregistered in the country of domicile to satisfy the organizational form as required by law, but it does not engage in such substantial business operations asmanufacturing, distribution and management. As our Hong Kong holding companies are controlling companies and are not engaged in substantial businessoperations, they could be considered as conduit companies by tax authorities and we do not expect them to be a beneficial owner.In addition to the changes to the current tax structure, under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto management bodies” withinChina is considered a resident enterprise and will normally be subject to an EIT of 25% on its global income. The implementing rules define the term “de factomanagement bodies” as “an establishment that exercises, in substance, overall management and control over the production, business, personnel, accounting, etc.,of a Chinese enterprise.”It remains unclear whether the PRC tax authorities would require or permit our overseas registered entities to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. We do notcurrently consider our company to be a PRC resident enterprise. However, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterpriseincome tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on ourworldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on offering proceedsand nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although under the EIT Law and its implementing rulesdividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued guidance with respect to the processing ofoutbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidance issuedwith respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation in which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to our nonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC shareholders from transferring our shares.75Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income TaxationThe following is a discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our securities. It does notpurport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s situation. The discussion applies only toholders that hold their securities as capital assets (generally property held for investment) within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based on the Code, income tax regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial positions, published positions of theInternal Revenue Service, or the IRS, and other applicable authorities, all as in effect as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly withretroactive effect. This discussion is general in nature and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations, nor does the discussion address any state, local orforeign tax considerations or any U.S. tax considerations (e.g., estate or gift tax) other than U.S. federal income tax considerations, that may be applicable toparticular holders.This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant in light of particular circumstances, nor does it address the U.S.federal income tax consequences to persons who are subject to special rules under U.S. federal income tax law, including:●banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions;●persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;●taxexempt organizations;●controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid United States federal incometax;●certain former citizens or longterm residents of the United States;●dealers in securities or currencies;●traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting for their securities holdings;●persons that own, or are deemed to own, more than five percent of our capital stock;●holders who acquired our stock as compensation or pursuant to the exercise of a stock option; or●persons who hold our shares as a position in a hedging transaction, “straddle,” or other risk reduction transaction.For purposes of this discussion, a U.S. holder is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (ii) acorporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States (or treated assuch under applicable U.S. tax laws), any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardlessof its source; or (iv) a trust if (a) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have theauthority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) it has a valid election in effect under applicable law and regulations to be treated as a U.S. person forU.S. federal income tax purposes. A nonU.S. holder is a holder that is neither a U.S. holder nor a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S.federal income tax purposes.In the case of a partnership or entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally willdepend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal incometax consequences to them of the merger or of the ownership and disposition of our shares.As a result of consummation of the Share Exchange, (i) we acquired substantially all the properties of KBS International, a U.S. corporation, and (ii) the formershareholders of KBS International held at least 80 percent of our common stock by reason of having held stock of KBS International. Accordingly, under Section7874 of the Code, we are treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as a U.S. corporation and, among other consequences, are subject to U.S. federal income tax on ourworldwide income. This discussion assumes that Section 7874 of the Code continues to apply to treat us as a U.S. corporation for all purposes under the Code. If,for some reason (e.g., future repeal of Section 7874 of the Code), we were no longer treated as a U.S. corporation under the Code, the U.S. federal income taxconsequences described herein could be materially and adversely affected.76Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. HoldersDistributionsIn the event that distributions are paid on our common stock, the gross amount of such distributions will be included in the gross income of the U.S. holder asdividend income on the date of receipt to the extent that the distribution is paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federalincome tax principles. Such dividends will be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Dividends received by noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, may be subject to reduced rates of taxation under current law. A U.S. holdermay be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed on dividends paid by us. However, the foreign tax credit rules arecomplex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 of the Code and the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and theGovernment of the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, or theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty, is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may be entitled to underthe foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.To the extent that dividends paid on our common stock exceed current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distributions will be treated first as a taxfree returnof tax basis on our common stock, and to the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds tax basis, the excess will be treated as gain from the disposition ofthose common stock. Because Section 7874 of the Code has applied to treat us as a U.S. corporation only since consummation of the Share Exchange in 2014, wemay not be able to demonstrate to the IRS the extent to which a distribution on our common stock exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (asdetermined under U.S. federal income tax principles), in which case all of such distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.Sale or Other DispositionU.S. holders of our common stock will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of common stock equal to the differencebetween the amount realized for the common stock and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the common stock. This gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss. Undercurrent law, noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, are eligible for reduced tax rates if the common stock has been held for more than one year. Thedeductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. A U.S. holder may be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed ongain from the sale or other disposition of common stock. However, the foreign tax credit rules are complex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 ofthe Code and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may beentitled to under the foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Unearned Income Medicare ContributionCertain U.S. holders who are individuals, trusts or estates are required to pay an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on, among other things, dividends on and capitalgains from the sale or other disposition of shares of stock. U.S. holders should consult their own advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this rule on their ownershipand disposition of our common stock.U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for NonU.S. HoldersDistributionsThe rules applicable to nonU.S. holders for determining the extent to which distributions on our common stock, if any, constitute dividends for U.S. federal incometax purposes are the same as for U.S. holders. See “–U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. Holders– Distributions.”77Table of ContentsAny dividends paid to a nonU.S. holder by us are treated as income derived from sources within the United States and generally will be subject to U.S. federalincome tax withholding at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends, or at a lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty if nonU.S. holdersprovide proper certification of eligibility for the lower rate (usually on IRS Form W8BEN or W8BENE). Dividends received by a nonU.S. holder that are effectivelyconnected with such holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business (and, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained bythe nonU.S. holder in the U.S.) are exempt from such withholding tax, provided that applicable certification requirements are satisfied. In such case, however, nonU.S. holders will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such dividends, net of certain deductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. In addition, corporatenonU.S. holders may be subject to an additional branch profits tax equal to 30% or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable tax treaty on dividendsreceived that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.If nonU.S. holders are eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, such nonU.S. holders may obtain a refund ofany excess amounts withheld by filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.Sale or Other DispositionExcept as described below for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, any gain realized by a nonU.S. holder upon the saleor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:criminal liability in serious cases.According to the PRC Product Quality Law, consumers or other victims who suffer injury or property losses due to product defects may demand compensation fromthe manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the corresponding amount from the manufacturer if the manufactureris responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Relating to Consumer ProtectionThe principal legal provisions for the protection of consumer interests are set forth in the Law of the PRC on Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests, or theConsumer Protection Law, which was promulgated in October 1993 amended in October 2013. The Consumer Protection Law sets forth standards of behavior thatbusinesses must observe in their dealings with consumers.Violations of the Consumer Protection Law may result in the imposition of fines. In addition, the violating entity may be ordered to suspend its operations, and itsbusiness license may be revoked. There may also be criminal liability in serious cases.According to the Consumer Protection Law, if the legal rights and interests of a consumer are violated during the purchase or use of goods, the consumer may seekcompensation from the seller. If the manufacturer or an upstream distributor is responsible, after compensating the consumer, the seller may recover thecorresponding amount from the manufacturer or the upstream distributor. Consumers or other persons who suffer personal injury or property damages due todefects in products may seek compensation from the manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the correspondingamount from the manufacturer if the manufacturer is responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Related to TrademarksThe PRC Trademark Law, adopted in 1982 and revised in 2001 and 2013, protects the proprietary rights to registered trademarks. The Trademark Office under theState Administration of Industry and Commerce handles trademark registration and grants a term of ten years to registered trademarks and another ten years totrademarks as requested upon expiry of the prior term. Trademark license agreements and transfer agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record.37Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Environmental MattersOur facilities are subject to various governmental regulations related to environmental protection. We use a myriad of chemicals in our operations and produceemissions that could pose environmental risks. Our manufacturing facilities are subject to various pollution control regulations with respect to noise, water and airpollution and the disposal of waste and hazardous materials, including, China’s Environmental Protection Law, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Appraisingof Environment Impacts, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of AirPollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution, and China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of NoisePollution. We are subject to periodic inspections by local environmental protection authorities.We did not incur material costs in environmental compliance in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016. We believe we are in material compliance with the relevant PRCenvironmental laws and regulations. We are not currently subject to any pending actions alleging any violations of applicable PRC environmental laws.Regulations Related to EmploymentThe PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law require that employers must execute written employment contracts with fulltime employees. All employers mustcompensate their employees with wages equal to at least the local minimum wage standards. Violations of the PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law may resultin the imposition of fines and other administrative sanctions, and serious violations may constitute criminal offences.On December 28, 2012, the PRC Labor Contract Law was amended with effect on July 1, 2013 to impose more stringent requirements on labor dispatch. Under suchlaw, dispatched workers are entitled to pay equal to that of fulltime employees for equal work, but the number of dispatched workers that an employer hires may notexceed a certain percentage of its total number of employees as determined by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Additionally, dispatchedworkers are only permitted to engage in temporary, auxiliary or substitute work. According to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch promulgated by theMinistry of Human Resources and Social Security on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014, the number of dispatched workers hired by anemployer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees (including both directly hired employees and dispatched workers). The Interim Provisions onLabor Dispatch require employers not in compliance with the PRC Labor Contract Law in this regard to reduce the number of its dispatched workers to below 10% ofthe total number of its employees prior to March 1, 2016.Enterprises in China are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in certain employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pensionplan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a workrelated injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund,and contribute to the plans or funds in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of the employees as specified by thelocal government from time to time at locations where they operate their businesses or where they are located. The enterprise may be ordered to pay the full amountwithin a deadline if it fails to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans and may be subject to fines and other administrative sanctions.Regulations Relating to Foreign ExchangeRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued by theState Administration of Foreign Exchange and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade andservice payments, payment of interest and dividends can be made without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange by following theappropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRCfor the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange or its local office.38Table of ContentsOn February 13, 2015, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency ManagementPolicy on Direct Investment, effective from June 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign directinvestment and overseas direct investment from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for thepurpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed with qualified banks, which, under the supervision of the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to this Circular, a foreigninvested enterprise may,according to its actual business needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchangebureau has confirmed monetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the timebeing, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shalltruthfully use its capital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equityinvestment with the amount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open acorresponding Account for Foreign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of theState Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts waspromulgated and became effective on June 9, 2016. According to this Circular, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreigncurrency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionary basis. This Circular provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items(including but not limited to foreign currency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. ThisCircular reiterates the principle that Renminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposesbeyond its business scope and may not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guaranteethe principal within the PRC unless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless itis within the business scope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration andOptimizing Genuineness and Compliance Verification, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits fromdomestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution,original copies of tax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses beforeremitting any profits. Moreover, pursuant to this Circular, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provideboard resolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and RoundtripInvestment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Issues Concerning the Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore SpecialPurpose Vehicles, to regulate foreign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investmentand financing or conduct round trip investment in China. Circular 37 defines a “special purpose vehicle” as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly orindirectly, by PRC residents or entities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets orinterests, while “round trip investment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through special purpose vehicles, namely, establishingforeigninvested enterprises to obtain the ownership, control rights and management rights. Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into a specialpurpose vehicle, PRC residents or entities be required to complete foreign exchange registration with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranch. In addition, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the ForeignExchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015, requiring PRC residents or entities toregister with qualified banks rather than the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.39Table of ContentsPRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to special purpose vehicles but had not obtained registration asrequired before the implementation of the Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the special purpose vehicles with qualified banks. Anamendment to the registration is required if there is a material change with respect to the special purpose vehicle registered, such as any change of basic information(including change of the PRC residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers ordivisions. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclosecontrollers of the foreigninvested enterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchangeactivities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, sharetransfer or liquidation, to its offshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities topenalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating toinvestments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our abilityto inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic IndividualsParticipating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issuedby the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in March 2007. Pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residentsparticipating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted company are required to register with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents must conduct the registration and other procedures withrespect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of the overseas publicly listed company or another qualifiedinstitution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevant registration should there be any material change to thestock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of the PRC residents who have the right to exercise the employeestock options, apply to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreign currencies in connectionwith the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the sale of shares under thestock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRC opened by the PRCagents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.We have adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we will have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We haveadvised the recipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.However, we cannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock IncentivePlan Notice. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plansmay subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016, respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014, respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our Marshall Islands holding company may rely on dividend paymentsfrom Hongri PRC, which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on theability of our other PRC subsidiaries to make remittance to Hongri PRC and on the ability of Hongri PRC to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cashgenerated by the operations of those entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We rely to a significant extent on dividends and otherdistributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiary to fund offshore cash and financing requirements.”40Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Overseas ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the StateOwned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective onSeptember 8, 2006 and was amended on June 22, 2009. These regulations, among other things, require that (i) PRC entities or individuals obtain approval from theMinistry of Commerce before they establish or control a special purpose vehicle overseas, provided that they intend to use the special purpose vehicle to acquiretheir equity interests in a PRC company at the consideration of newly issued share of the special purpose vehicle, or Share Swap, and list their equity interests in thePRC company overseas by listing the special purpose vehicle in an overseas market; (ii) the special purpose vehicle obtains approval from the Ministry ofCommerce before it acquires the equity interests held by the PRC entities or PRC individual in the PRC company by Share Swap; and (iii) the special purpose vehicleobtains China Securities Regulatory Commission approval before it lists overseas. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The approval ofthe China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with this offering under a PRC regulation. The regulation also establishes more complexprocedures for acquisitions conducted by foreign investors that could make it more difficult for us to grow through acquisitions.”Regulations Relating to TaxationDividend Withholding TaxIn March 2007, the National People’s Congress enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law which became effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on February 24,2017. According to Enterprise Income Tax Law, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a foreigninvested enterprise in China to its foreignenterprise investors are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that providesfor a preferential withholding arrangement. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Negotiated Reduction of Dividends and Interest Rates,issued on January 29, 2008 and supplemented and revised on February 29, 2008, and the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, which became effective onDecember 8, 2006 and applicable to income derived in any year of assessment commencing on or after April 1, 2007 in Hong Kong and in any year commencing on orafter January 1, 2007 in the PRC, such withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong enterprise is deemed the beneficial owner of any dividend paid by aPRC subsidiary by PRC tax authorities and holds at least 25% of the equity interest in that particular PRC subsidiary at all times within the 12month periodimmediately prior to the distribution of the dividends. Furthermore, pursuant to the Announcement on Issues concerning “Beneficial Owners” in Tax Treaties issuedon February 3, 2018 by the State Administration of Taxation, when determining the status of “beneficial owners,” a comprehensive analysis may be conductedthrough materials such as articles of association, financial statements, records of capital flows, minutes of board of directors, resolutions of board of directors,allocation of manpower and material resources, the relevant expenses, functions and risk assumption, loan contracts, royalty contracts or transfer contracts, patentregistration certificates and copyright certificates, etc. However, even if an applicant has the status as a “beneficiary owner,” if the competent tax authority findsnecessity to apply the principal purpose test clause in the tax treaties or the general antitax avoidance rules stipulated in domestic tax laws, the general antitaxavoidance provisions shall apply.Enterprise Income TaxIn December 2007, the State Council promulgated the Implementing Rules of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008. TheEnterprise Income Tax Law and its relevant implementing rules (i) impose a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate, which is applicable to both foreigninvestedenterprises and domestic enterprises (ii) permits companies to continue to enjoy their existing tax incentives, subject to certain transitional phaseout rules and(iii) introduces new tax incentives, subject to various qualification criteria.41Table of ContentsThe Enterprise Income Tax Law also provides that enterprises organized under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies”located within China may be considered PRC resident enterprises and therefore be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwideincome. The implementing rules further define the term “de facto management body” as the management body that exercises substantial and overall managementand control over the production and operations, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. If an enterprise organized under the laws of jurisdictionoutside China is considered a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, itwould be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. Second, a 10% withholding tax would be imposed on dividends itpays to its nonPRC enterprise shareholders and with respect to gains derived by its nonPRC enterprise shareholders from transfer of its shares.On October 17, 2017, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Bulletin on Issues Concerning the Withholding of NonPRC Resident Enterprise Income Tax atSource, or Bulletin 37, which replaced the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by NonPRC Resident Enterprisesissued by the State Administration of Taxation on December 10, 2009, and partially replaced and supplemented rules under the Bulletin on Issues of EnterpriseIncome Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by NonPRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7, issued by the State Administration of Taxation on February 3, 2015.Under Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by nonPRC resident enterprises may be recharacterizedand treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose ofavoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. In respect of anindirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the relevant gain is to be regarded as effectively connected with the PRC establishment and thereforeincluded in its enterprise income tax filing, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relatesto the immoveable properties in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not effectively connected to a PRC establishment of a nonresident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax at 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similararrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Pursuant to Bulletin 37, the withholding party shalldeclare and pay the withheld tax to the competent tax authority in the place where such withholding party is located within seven days from the date of occurrenceof the withholding obligation. Both Bulletin 37 and Bulletin 7 do not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange wheresuch shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We and our existingshareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a Chinese establishmentof a nonChinese company, or immovable properties located in China owned by nonChinese companies.”ValueAdded TaxIn November 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Pilot Plan for Imposition of ValueAdded Tax to ReplaceBusiness Tax. In March 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation further promulgated the Notice on Fully Promoting the Pilot Plan forReplacing Business Tax by ValueAdded Tax. Pursuant to this Pilot Plan and the relevant notice, value added tax at a rate of 6% is generally imposed, on anationwide basis, on the revenue generated from the provision of service in lieu of business tax in the modern service industries. Value added tax of a rate of 6%applies to revenue derived from the provision of some modern services. Unlike business tax, a taxpayer is allowed to offset the qualified input value added tax paidon taxable purchases against the output value added tax chargeable on the modern services provided.C.Organizational StructureSee “—A. History and Development of the Company—Corporate Structure” above for details of our current organizational structure.42Table of ContentsD.Property, Plants and EquipmentOur company has established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31,2018, this network was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, our company’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The facilityhas a production capacity of 2 million pieces per year and we move in upon the completion of phase 2 in year 2015. By relocating from the coastal area to AnhuiProvince, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a more stable labor supply. We manufacture a variety of menswear products, including, jeans,shirts, suits and socks. Because of its variety and complexity in the production process, these products require special sewing machines and workmanship, whichwe currently do not possess. As a result, the Company is not yet able to produce KBS branded products and has outsourced its KBS branded productmanufacturing to other established ODM and OEM manufacturers in the Fujian and Zhejiang regions. The Company has completed the second phase constructionof its new factory at the end of 2014. The second phase has an annual production capacity of 5 million pieces subject to our purchasing additional equipment.Currently Anhui factory mainly produces OEM orders and some international orders.Our production facility consists of total 110,557 square meters of land. We obtained a portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square metersand 2,440 square meters in May 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildingsand offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need foradditional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of landhas been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Oncethe construction of the new production facilities is completed, our total production capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year fromthe current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.In 2016, we closed 1 corporate store and as of December 31, 2018, we leased the premises for our sole remaining corporate store. We have undertaken variousmeasures to verify the lessees’ rights to the property leased to us in respect of its stores. In China, all land is owned by the State or other governmental bodies, and“ownership” is generally evidenced by a land use rights certificate. We rent some stores that were located in rural areas where land use rights are held collectivelyby villages and records regarding the ownership of land use rights are frequently not kept. In these cases, the company has confirmed our ability to lease the storesthrough communications with village authorities, and has reviewed electricity and water bills to confirm utilities are being paid by the parties leasing the premises tous. Based on the results of these efforts, we believe the risk of third party claims against our leases of these stores is relatively small and the measures taken by ourcompany are sufficient to verify the land use rights for all of its stores.In addition, the property used as our head office and corporate store is leased from a related party, whose ownership of the property has been verified by ourcompany. We paid a total of RMB720,000, RMB 720,000, and RMB 720,000, as rental fees for the existing corporate stores during the fiscal years 2016, 2017 and 2018,respectively. The total area of these 2 corporate stores is 158 square meters. The sales of each store and its location are shown below:AreaSales in fiscalyear 2016(USD)Sales in fiscalyear 2017(USD)Sales in fiscalyear2018(USD)Shishi factory1,240,354.74772,299691,431Quanzhou Dayang (closed in 2016)470,280.90Total:1,710,635.64772,299691,43143Table of ContentsITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot required.ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSWe are engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of casual menswear in China, including apparel and accessories, which we market under the KBSbrand. The KBS brand was developed in 2006. Before 2012, we were engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of fashion sportswear in China. Sinceour products feature a unique and stylish design that is more fashionable than traditional sportswear, as well as quality fabrics and materials and the sportswearmarket was becoming more and more competitive, in late 2011 we turned our focus on casual menswear market which has higher profit margin. KBS’s apparelproducts include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, Jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, belts and caps. In 2016, the suggestedretail prices of KBS’s products ranged from RMB199 to RMB1,499 for its apparel products and RMB15 to RMB899 for its accessory products. KBS holds newproducts launch events twice every year, one in spring and the other in autumn. Since 2006, we have launched about 1,500,536 collections of new products eachyear with a different theme to highlight the current trends for the season. KBS’s marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese.” KBS’scustomers are male middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range, primarily located in tier two and tier three cities in China. The company has adopted “KBS” as auniform brand name, which stands for “Keep Best Style”, and KBS are designed by us for a uniform look and feel that fits our brand image, with instore displaysthat accentuate the quality and style of our products across all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. We believe that the KBSbrand has become a recognized brand name in the cities where their products are sold.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors. Thenumber of stores grew significantly from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006 to 31 corporate stores as of December 31, 2012 and 96franchised stores as of December 31, 2013, and decreased to 84 stores as of December 31, 2014. Because of the recent softening of economic growing in China andfierce competition from our competitors, online store sales of franchised stores and corporate stores went down in 2015 as compared with the previous year. In 2017and 2018, the distributors closed 15 and 8 franchised stores, respectively, and we closed 1 corporate store in year 2016. We generate more revenues from OEM in2018 and intend to generate more in OEM and target area from acquisitions.KBS also acts as an original design manufacturer, or ODM, upon request. Income from such services accounted for 14%, 7.3% and 9% of revenue for the yearsended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, KBS’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The company believesthat the shortage of labor and rising wage expectations in China, especially in the coastal area, could have a material impact on our operations as well as itssuppliers’ cost of manufacturing. By relocating from the coastal area to inland Anhui Province, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a morestable labor supply. Since the company’s original production team was not ready to produce the new style KBS products, KBS has outsourced its productmanufacturing to other established ODM manufacturers. As such, KBS’s own production facility in Taihu mainly takes OEM orders from other sportswearcompanies, like Xtep. Our production facility in Taihu, Anhui Province includes three parcels of land with a total area of 110,557 square meters. We have obtainedland use rights for two parcels of land with an area of 9,845 square meters in 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction ofthe adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire theland use right of the third parcel of land. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 can be continued. Once completed, our totalproduction capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year. We do not necessarilyrely on our own production facility to satisfy the demand of our products as we may outsource some or all of the production work to various ODM and OEMmanufacturers in China.44Table of ContentsA.Principal Factors Affecting Financial PerformanceOur operating results are primarily affected by the following factors:●Growth of China’s menswear industry. With approximately onefifth of the world’s population and a fastgrowing gross domestic product, Chinarepresents a significant growth opportunity for a wide variety of retail goods, including apparel. The enhanced living standards and increased disposableincome that has resulted from the vibrant economic growth has driven the rapid development of the men’s apparel market in China in recent years. China iscurrently one of the world’s largest men’s apparel markets. As a leading provider of casual menswear in China, we believe we are well positioned tocapitalize on the favorable economic, demographic and industry trends in this sector.●Brand recognition. We derive all of our revenues from sales of the KBS branded products in China, and our success depends on the market perceptionand acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture, lifestyle and images associated with this brand. Market acceptance of our brand may affect the sellingprices and market demand for our products, the profit margin of us can achieve, and our ability to grow.●Ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network. The ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in terms of floor area in our salesnetwork affects our results of operations in a given period. The franchised stores operated by our distributors have been and will continue to be the maincontributor to our revenue for the foreseeable future. Under the distribution business model, we sell directly to our distributors and recognize revenuesupon delivery of our products to them. Such distribution network has enabled us to accelerate sales growth at a much lower cost than opening direct storesand has limited our inventory and sales risks. Corporate stores operated by us, on the other hand, despite incurring more significant capital expenditures ascompared with franchised stores, allow us more control over our brand and the consumer’s shopping experience, which are important factors for the overallsuccess of our business. In addition, our corporate store sales generally have a higher gross profit margin than sales to distributors because we are able tosell the products at retail prices directly to the endconsumers and because we recognize expenses relating to our corporate stores as selling anddistribution expenses. Therefore, the ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network will affect our gross profit margin.●Product offering and pricing. Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define menswear trends as well as to anticipate, gauge andreact to changing consumer demands for menswear in a timely manner. Most of our products are subject to changing consumer preferences and fashiontrends that cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumer acceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, andour future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes.●Fluctuations in raw material supply and prices. The per unit cost of producing our products depends on the supply and price of raw materials,particularly fabrics such as cotton, wool and polyester, which have experienced volatility in past years. Increases in the price of raw materials wouldnegatively impact our gross margins if we are not able to offset such price increases through increases in our selling price or changes in product offeringsand mix.Financial Statement PresentationRevenue. During the periods covered by this section, we generated revenue from sales of our menswear products.45Table of ContentsCost of sales. During the periods covered by this section, our cost of sales primarily consisted of the costs of our outsourcing cost, raw materials, labor andoverhead. We did not have any inward or outward freight charges as these charges are borne by our distributors and suppliers.Gross profit and gross margin. For the periods covered by this section, our gross profit is equal to the difference between our net sales and cost of sales. Our grossmargin is equal to the gross profit divided by net sales. Our gross margin may not be comparable to those of other retail entities since some retail entities include allof their distribution network costs in cost of sales and others, like us, include these expenses in another statement of operations line item.Administrative expenses. For the periods covered by this section, general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to ourgeneral management, finance and administrative staff, professional advisor fees, audit fees and other expenses incurred in connection with general operations.Selling expenses. For the periods covered by this section, our selling and marketing expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to our sales andmarketing staff, store rent, business travel, coordination with distributor marketing and promotions, transportation costs and other sales related costs.Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, both in U.S. dollars and as apercentage of or revenue.Year endedDecember 31, 2018Year ended December 31, 2017Year ended December 31, 2016Amount% of SalesAmount% of SalesAmount% of SalesRevenue18,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales20,851,252112%35,274,352148%39,041,93295%Gross (loss)/profit2,316,13712%11,511,81648%2,158,2725%Operating expensesDistribution and selling expenses2,670,95514%3,265,38014%3,606,0109%Administrative expenses4,907,02026%4,879,39721%3,543,9939%Total operating expenses7,577,97541%8,144,77634%7,150,00317%Other income122,1391%461,5642%555,0511%Other gains and losses13,522,30073%122,2441%11,123,76727%Loss from operations23,294,273126%19,317,27281%15,560,44738%Finance costs96,4441%96,3850%71,7830%Change in fair value of warrant liabilities00%00%3,4090%Loss before tax23,390,717126%19,413,65782%15,628,82138%Income tax5,422,11929%4,598,06119%3,726,1339%Loss for the year17,968,59897%14,815,59662%11,902,68829%46Table of ContentsA breakdown of revenue, percentage of revenue and percentage of gross margin by segment for the respective periods is as follows:BybusinessDistribution networkCorporate storesOEMConsolidatedYear endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Sales toexternalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205% of Sales73%63%78%13%29%13%14%7%9%100%100%100%Segmentsgrossmargins2,245,9442,277,8586,623,6175,402,99414,291,6805,727,349845,700502,0071,262,0052,316,13611,511,8162,158,273Grossmarginrate17%15%21%227%205%104%33%29%36%12%48%5%Segment salesFor the year ended December 31, 2018, total revenue decreased by 22% from $23.8 million in 2017 to $18.5 million. Our total revenue of 2017 decreased by 33% from$41.2 million to $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company reports financial and operating results in three segments: distributor network,corporate stores and OEM.Distributor Network —Revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2018 decreased by 10% from $15 million in 2017 to $13 million primarily due to adecrease in sales volume. There was a decrease of revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2017 by 53% from $32.1 million in year 2016 primarily dueto a decrease in sales volume. The distributor segment accounted for 73% of the total revenue in 2018, compared to 63% and 78% during years 2017 and 2016,respectively.In year 2018, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network increased to 17% from 15% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price of newproducts. The sales went down in year 2018 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstockduring previous periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.47Table of ContentsIn year 2017, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network decreased to 15% from 21% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price, and thesales went down in year 2017 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstock duringprevious periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.The Company’s distributor network currently consists of 11 distributors in 12 provinces. Most of these distributors, either directly or through their subdistributors,operate KBSbranded stores. Some wholesale distributors sold the products to multibranded stores and online stores. As of December 31, 2018, distributorsoperated a total of 32 KBSbranded stores, primarily in second and third tier cities. KBS products distributed to the fourth and fifth tier cities are primarily sold inmultibranded department stores.Corporate Stores — Total revenue from corporate store sale for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $6.98 million for year 2017. In 2018 sales fromcorporate store decreased as compared to 2017 due to a decrease in promotion sales of repurchased inventory from certain distributors which are unable to pay offthe debts owed to us.Total revenue from corporate store sales for fiscal year 2017 was $6.98 million, compared to $5.53 million for year 2016. In 2017 sales from corporate stores increasedas compared to 2016 due to an increase in sales volume, which in turn was mainly attributable to the increase in promotion sales on repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors which are unable to pay off the debts owed to us.As of December 31, 2018, we operated 1 corporate store which located in Fujian. Total revenue from corporate store sales of 2018 decreased as compared to 2017because of the decrease the promotion sales of repurchased inventory.The corporate store segment contributed 14% of total revenue in 2018, compared to 29% of 2017 and 13% of 2016. Gross profit margin for the Company’s corporatestore was 232% in 2018, compared to 205% in 2017 and 104% in 2016. The margin compression from 2016 to 2018 is primarily due to: 1) close of 1 corporate store in2016 and the sale of its inventory at a lower price; 2) reduction of sale price of our goods in corporate stores to stimulate sales; 3) loss from sales of repurchasedinventory from certain distributors which sold at big discounted price in year 2017 and year 2018.OEM — The OEM segment is comprised of products that are designed by the customers but manufactured by us. Revenue from the OEM segment increased by$0.83 million to $2.57 million for year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017. Gross profit margin increased to 33%from 29% of year 2017. Revenue from the OEM segment decreased by $1.79 million to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $3.53 million foryear ended December 31, 2016. Gross profit margin decreased to 29% from 36% of year 2016. Our revenues from sales of OEM represented 14%, 9% and 9%,respectively of our total revenues for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.Cost of sales and gross profit rateCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for production purpose,outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges and water and electricity.Our cost of sales decreased from $35 million in year 2017 to $21 million in year 2018. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017.The gross profit rate increased from 48% in year 2017 to 12% in year 2018 due to 1) a decrease in the number of promotion sales in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, whichcaused a loss at RMB 40 million; 2) the higher price of updated new products and improvement of products quality; 3) higher profit margin of OEM segments due tolower amortized fixed fees from big orders from certain customers. In order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continuedoperation, we decided to continue to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors in 2018 and thereafter.48Table of ContentsOur cost of sales decreased from $39 million in year 2016 to $35 million in year 2017. The decrease was consistent with the decrease in our revenue, which resulted ina decrease in purchases by $7 million. The decrease in purchases was mainly due to a challenging retail environment and close of some stores.The gross profit rate decreased from 5% in year 2016 to 48% in year 2017 due to 1) a decrease in the number of our franchised stores from 55 as of December 31,2016 to 40 as of December 31, 2017; 2) in order to make more fair and friendly business environment for our all distributors, we adjusted our price policy to havesame price to our district distributors and province distributors in 2017, the price sell to the district distributor is lower than before. 3) a slowdown in demand inmenswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and our distributors faceddifficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 141.42 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million. Although we are not contractually obligated to buy back the excessiveinventory from any our distributors, in order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continued operation, we decided to do same in2017 to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors and we may implement similar plans in the following years.Administrative expensesAdministrative expenses increased by $0.02 million or 1% to $4.9 million for year 2018 from $4.88 million for 2017. The change was mainly due to the decrease ofoutsourcing design expense and the increase of the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Administrative expenses increased by $1.34 million or 37% to $4.88 million for year 2017 from $3.54 million for 2016. The increase was mainly due to the increase indesign staff expenses and the increase attributable to the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Distribution and selling expensesThe selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.59 million or 18% to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $ 3.2 million in 2017, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expense, products promotion expenses and entertainment expenses.The selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.34 million or 9.45% to $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $ 3.6 million in 2016, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expenses and promotion expense of products including placement order meeting expense.The advertisement expenses of 2018, 2017 and 2016 are relatively even and selling expenses accounted for 6.6%, 7.5% and 9% for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Other gains and lossesOther gains and losses increased by $13.4 million, or 10,875%, to $13.52 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $0.12 million for year 2017. The increasewas mainly due to the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value.Other gains and losses decreased by $11 million, or 98.9%, to $0.12 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $11.1 million for year 2016. The decrease wasmainly due to the fact that there was no additional provision on bad debts from three clients as in 2016.Profit for the yearWe had a loss of $18 million in 2018 as compared to a loss of $14.81 million for 2017, representing a decrease of profit of $3 million or 21%. Net margin was 97% forthe year ended December 31, 2018, compared to 62% for the year ended December 31, 2017.49Table of ContentsWe had a loss of $14.81 million in 2017 as compared to a loss of $11.9 million for 2016, representing a decrease of profit of $2.91 million or 25%. Net margin was 62%for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 29% for the year ended December 31, 2016.Profit for the year decreased from 2018 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons:(1)the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value (2) thedistribution and selling expenses decreased to a small portion of total revenue and the revenue also decreased compared to year ended December 31, 2017; (3) aslowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brands, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling products and paying back the balance owed to us. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 40 million.Profit for the year decreased from 2016 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons: (1) the administrative expenses increased to a large portion of total revenue; and(2) slowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 141.42 millionfrom certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million.B.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesAs of December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $21,026,103. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and cash in the banks. Webelieve that our current levels of cash and cash equivalent and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next12 months. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through net cash flow from operations. Our cash flows are driven by key performance indicatorsincluding the number of orders placed by distributors, number of outlets that each distributor operates the pricing of our products, sales of our corporate stores, andthe collect portion of account receivable. Currently there is only minimal cash held by offshore subsidiaries and there is no need for these subsidiaries to transfercash to Hongri PRC.The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this report:Fiscal Year Ended December 31201820172016Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(3,703,354)$1,922,252$3,194,287Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities52,932(865,365)45,445Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(3,907,291)(39,024)4,919,241Effects of exchange rate change in cash(1,117,062)1,513,138(1,556,980)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080Cash and cash equivalent at end of the period$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,34150Table of ContentsOperating ActivitiesThe net cash provided by operating activities consists of profit before tax, as adjusted by finance costs, change in fair value of warrant liabilities, interest income,shared based compensation, bad debt allowance, depreciation of property, plant and equipment, amortization of prepaid lease payment and trademark, amortizationof subsidies prepaid to distributors, amortization of prepayment and premiums under operating leases, provision(Reversal) of inventory obsolescence, provision ofimpairment loss in prepayments, loss(gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment, deferred income tax, which include trade and other receivables, prepaymentand deferred expenses, inventory, trade and other payables.Net cash used in operating activities in fiscal year 2018 was $3.7 million, compared with net cash provided by operating activities of $1.9 million in the year endedDecember 31, 2017. The change is mainly due to the increase of provision of Anhui property and the increase of deferred tax due to the loss of fiscal year 2018.Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.9 million, compared with $3.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2016. The change is mainlydue to the decrease in the amount of collection of account receivable.Investing ActivitiesNet cash provided by investing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.05 million, compared with $0.8 million net cash used in investing activities in 2017. The net cashprovided in investing activities in 2018 was interest received from our bank deposits.Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $0.8 million, compared with $0.04 million net cash provided by investing activities in 2016. The net cashused in investing activities in 2017 was to purchase fire protection facility.Financing ActivitiesNet cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.26 million, compared with $1.1 million net cash used in financing activities in 2017. It mainly consistedof repayment of bank loans in 2018.Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.1 million, compared with $1.68 million net cash provided by financing activities in 2016. It mainlyconsisted of interests paid for our bank loans.Loans, Other Commitments, ContingenciesAs of December 31, 2018, we had bank loans in an amount of $1,092,785. We may, however, in the future, require additional cash resources due to changing businessconditions, implementation of our strategy to expand our business or other investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our own financial resources areinsufficient to satisfy the capital requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain additional credit facilities. The sale of additionalequity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require usto agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overallbusiness prospects.C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.Our industry is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and changing customer demands. These conditions require continuousexpenditures on product research and development to enhance existing products create new products and avoid product obsolescence. See Item 3 “Key Information—D. Risk Factors—If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected,” —“Ifwe are unable to keep pace with the rapid technological changes in our industry, demand for our products and services could decline which would adversely affectour revenue,” and —“Our technology may become obsolete which could materially adversely affect our ability to sell our products and services.” For a detailedanalysis of research and development costs, see Item 5.A. “Operating Results—Results of Operations—Research and development expenses”.D.Trend InformationOther than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that wouldcause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.E.Off Balance Sheet ArrangementsWe do not have any off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes infinancial condition, sales or expenses, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures, or capital resources that are material to an investment in our securities.51Table of ContentsF.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual ObligationsThe table below shows our material contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018.Payments Due by PeriodLess than1 year13 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsContractual ObligationsConstruction Obligations$64,088,236Operating Lease Obligations$78,532146,7052,225,030Total$64,166,768146,7052,225,030Anhui Factory Construction ContractOn November 20, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party for the construction of a new plant with a total size of 110,557 square meters, atTaihu City, Anhui at a consideration of RMB 690 million (equivalent to approximately $104 million). This is the frame contract for the construction of Anhui factoryand round estimation. By December 31, 2016 we had already paid about $37.75 million in total on the phase 1, 2, 3 of construction based on detailed phase contractand the balance of construction cost of the Anui factory need to be determined based on the ontime budget on every phase. The majority of funds for constructionexpenses came from the cash balance on the account as of December 31, 2018 and the new profit of following year.Anhui Land Use Right Acquisition ContractOn September 2, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party to acquire a land use right in relation to the development of factories in Taihu City,Anhui Province, at a total consideration of RMB 43 million (approximately $6.3 million). Full consideration was paid in September 2010. There are three parts of theland. The Company has obtained land use rights certificates for the first parcel of land with 7,405 square meters on March 19, 2012, and the second parcel of landwith 2,440 square meters on May 26, 2012. The Company is currently in the process of obtaining the land use right certificate for the third parcel of the land with100,712 square meters.Except as set forth above, we have no other material longterm debt, capital or operating lease or fixed purchase obligations.InflationInflation and changing prices have not had a material effect on our business, and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect ourbusiness in the foreseeable future. However, our management will closely monitor price changes in the Chinese economy and the apparel industry and continuallymaintain effective cost controls in operations.52Table of ContentsSeasonalityOur business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal. Historically, we have realized more of our revenue and earnings in the fourth quarter, which includes themajority of the holiday shopping season, than in any other fiscal quarter.Critical Accounting PoliciesThe preparation of financial statements is in conformity with IFRS as issued by the IASB. It requires the Company’s management to make assumptions, estimatesand judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. The Company hasidentified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of Company’s financial statements. These accounting policies are important for anunderstanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of theCompany’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to makeestimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitivebecause of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly frommanagement’s current judgments. The Company believes the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in thepreparation of the Company’s financial statements.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects the considerationto which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled in exchange fortransferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that asignificant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration issubsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to the customerfor more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would be reflected in a separatefinancing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financing component which provides theCompany a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interest expense accreted on the contract liabilityunder the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services is oneyear or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component, using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of the goods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receiptsover the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.53Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with thedividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. Revenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer. Revenue from allabove categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of thetransaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered and title has passed.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting the deductible inputVAT of the period, is VAT payable.54Table of ContentsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial periodof time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use orsale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal government retirementbenefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fund their retirementbenefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal government takes responsibility for theretirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly, the only obligation of the Groupwith respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employment with the Group. There are no provisionsunder the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans are considered defined contribution plans. The Grouphas no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixed contributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pensionschemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service is performed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised inother comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Groupoperates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable taxregulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred taxassets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which thosedeductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or fromthe initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accountingprofit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able to control thereversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising fromdeductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profitsagainst which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.55Table of ContentsThe carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficienttaxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based ontax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assetsreflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carryingamount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when thedeferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities wherethere is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, inwhich case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arisesfrom the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.Store preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll and supplies.The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenses when occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases areclassified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes. Leaseholdimprovements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes other thanconstruction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful lives and aftertaking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction in progressis carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment whencompleted and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for theirintended use.56Table of ContentsAn item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of theasset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) isincluded in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.The Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights to use theland on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizable valuerepresents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fair valuethrough profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model formanaging them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the practicalexpedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus in the case of a financialasset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group hasapplied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance with the policies set out for “Revenue recognition(applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cash flowsthat are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established by regulation orconvention in the marketplace.57Subsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognised inthe income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversals arerecognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair value changes arerecognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive income is recycled to theincome statement.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under HKAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. The classification isdetermined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statement when theright of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and the amount of the dividendcan be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains arerecorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income are not subject to impairmentassessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value throughprofit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for thepurpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading unless they aredesignated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interest are classified and measured atfair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to be classified at amortised cost or at fairvalue through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition ifdoing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.58Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in theincome statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separate derivative if theeconomic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet thedefinition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changesin fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cashflows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between thecontractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the originaleffective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to thecontractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are providedfor credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been asignificant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespectiveof the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. When making theassessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on thefinancial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort,including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider afinancial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full beforetaking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering thecontractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the general approach andthey are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach as detailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured at anamount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets and for whichthe loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the loss allowance ismeasured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs59Simplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of asignificant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not track changes incredit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on itshistorical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt the simplifiedapproach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed from theGroup’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to what extent, ithas retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset nortransferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Groupalso recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that theGroup has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and the maximumamount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’sfinancial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.Subsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method unless theeffect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement when the liabilities arederecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.60Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantiallymodified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference between therespective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right tooffset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to the contractualprovisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financialassets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.The Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. Theeffective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of theeffective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, where appropriate, a shorter period tothe net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.61Table of ContentsReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including trade and otherreceivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment (seeaccounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a resultof one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have been affected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequently assessed forimpairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience of collecting payments,and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national or local economic conditions thatcorrelate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between the asset’scarrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.The carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables, where thecarrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized in profit or loss. When atrade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off arecredited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment losseswas recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset at the date theimpairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.G.Safe HarborSee “Introductory Notes—ForwardLooking Information.”62Table of ContentsITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEESA.Directors and Senior ManagementThe following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors and senior management, as well as employees upon whose work we are dependent, as ofthe date of this annual report.NAMEAGEPOSITIONKeyan Yan47Chairman and Chief Executive OfficerThemis Kalapotharakos44Executive DirectorLixiaTu37Chief Financial Officer and DirectorJohn Sano49Independent DirectorMatthew C. Los54Independent DirectorZhongmin Zhang76Independent DirectorYuet Mei Chan38Independent DirectorMr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has been the Chairman of our board of directors and Chief Executive Officer since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr.Yan has over 16 years of senior management experience. He served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of KBS International between March 2011 and August2014. From 1994 to present, Mr. Yan has served as general manager of Hongri PRC. Prior to joining us, Mr. Yan served as workshop manager, production managerand marketing manager of Zhenshi Knitting Factory in Shishi, China from 19891994. Mr. Yan obtained a certificate of corporate management from Xiamen Universityin 1992.Ms. Lixia Tu. Ms. Tu became the Company’s Chief Financial Officer on June 25, 2015. Ms. Tu has more than night years of accounting and audit experience, familiarwith IFRS, US GAAP, SarbanesOxley and the compliance requirements of SEC. After she worked as a project manager at BDO China Fu Jian SHU LUN PANCertified Public Accountants for four years, she worked as a CFO or a financial consultant for some other companies. Ms. Tu holds a Master’s degree inprofessional accounting from the University of Deakin in Australia. Ms. Tu is also a member of the Chartered Association of Certified Accountants.Mr. Themis Kalapotharakos. Mr. Kalapotharakos became our executive director on June 15, 2015. Mr. Kalapotharakos has acquired a range of expertise of a widespectrum of business activities. He has extensive highlevel experience at the Shipping, Trading and Finance industries where he has founded, developed andoperated various businesses starting from the ground up. His roles involved regular communication and coordination with investors, financial institutions, capitalmarket authorities, custodian and administrative banks, auditors and legal counsel. He holds a Bachelor’s degree from Cardiff University and an MSc Degree fromCass Business School in the UK.John Sano. Mr. Sano has been an independent director of the Company since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr. Sano has over 20 years ofexperience in apparel & home furnishings concept, design, sourcing, production, and ecommerce. He has extensive experience in all aspects of the retail clothingsupply chain, from conceptualization to final production and distribution. Mr. Sano has also advised and worked closely with numerous top brands in the US. Hehas been General Director of Sano Design Services since 2002. Mr. Sano has an associate’s degree in interior design from Traphagen School of Design.Mr. Matthew C. Los. Mr. Los became our director on October 8, 2015. Mr. Los has acquired a range of expertise of a wide spectrum of business activities. He hasover 20 years’ experience at high level management, and has founded, developed and operated various businesses in the shipping, energy, telecommunications realestate industries starting from the ground up. He also has experience in the capital markets and was the CEO of Aquasition Corp., the predecessor of the Company,prior to the Share Exchange. Mr. Los has a BSc in Mechanical Engineering and Computer Aided Design from University of Westminster in the UK.Mr. Zhongmin Zhang. Mr. Zhang became our director on July 10, 2017. He has over 45 years of extensive experience in many facets of textile business, including inproduction, marketing, and management. Currently, Mr. Zhang is the president of Zhengzhou Guangda Textile Printing & Dyeing Co., Ltd. which has an annualproduction of 216 million meters of various textile products, with a value of RMB 800 million. Holding a title of Senior Engineer, Mr. Zhang graduated from HarbinInstitute of Technology in 1965. He also has certificates in finance management and civil law.Mr. Yuet Mei Chan. Ms. Chan became our director on July 10, 2017. She has over 15 years of experience in the banking industry. She held several senior positions ina prestigious bank in Hong Kong from 20012016. She is currently a financial consultant at AIA and specializes in analyzing financial situations and market trends.Ms. Chan holds a diploma in Computing and Business Studies from Hong Kong St. Perth College.No family relationship exists between any of the persons named above.63Table of ContentsB.CompensationIn 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $207,268 in cash as compensation to our directors and senior management as a group, and some of our directors andexecutive officers also received compensation in the form of annual salaries and bonuses. We do not set aside or accrue any amounts for pension, retirement orother benefits for our directors and senior management. However, we reimburse our directors for outofpocket expenses incurred in connection with their services insuch capacity.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to our executive officers and directors as compensations for theirservices. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to the Company’s executiveofficers, directors and certain employees as compensations for their service. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.2018 Equity Incentive PlanOn December 24, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2018 Plan, pursuant to which the Company may offerup to two million shares of common stock as equity incentives to its directors, employees and consultants. Such number of shares is subject to adjustment in theevent of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, stock splits, stock dividends, or other change in the corporate structure of the Companyaffecting the shares issuable under the 2018 Plan. As of December 31, 2018, we have not granted any equity awards under the 2018 Plan.The following paragraphs summarize the terms of our 2018 Plan:Purpose. The purposes of the 2018 Plan are to promote the longterm growth and profitability of the Company and its affiliates by stimulating the efforts ofemployees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates who are selected to be participants, aligning the longterm interests of participants with thoseof shareholders, heightening the desire of participants to continue in working toward and contributing to our success, attracting and retaining the best availablepersonnel for positions of substantial responsibility, and generally providing additional incentive for them to promote the success of our business through the grantof awards of or pertaining to our common stock. The 2018 Plan permits the grant of ISOs, NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share AppreciationRights, Performance Units and Performance Shares as the administrator of the 2018 Plan may determine.Administration. The 2018 Plan is administered by our Board. The administrator has the authority to determine the specific terms and conditions of all awards grantedunder the 2018 Plan, including, without limitation, the number of shares of common stock subject to each award, the price to be paid for the shares and the applicablevesting criteria. The administrator has discretion to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2018 Plan.Eligibility. NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share Appreciation Rights, Performance Units and Performance Shares may be granted to employees,directors or consultants either alone or in combination with any other awards. ISOs may be granted only to employees of the Company, and of any parent orsubsidiary.Shares Available for Issuance Under the 2018 Plan. Subject to adjustment as described below, (a) the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issuedunder the 2018 Plan is 2,000,000 shares of common stock, (b) to the extent consistent with Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the“Code”), not more than an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of common stock may be issued under ISOs, and (c) not more than 200,000 shares of common stock (or forawards denominated in cash, the Fair Market Value of 200,000 shares of common stock on the Grant Date, as defined in the 2018 Plan), may be awarded to anyindividual participant in the aggregate in any one fiscal year of the Company, such limitation to be applied in a manner consistent with the requirements of, and onlyto the extent required for compliance with, the exclusion from the limitation on deductibility of compensation under Code Section 162(m). The number and class ofshares available under the 2018 Plan are subject to adjustment in the event of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, share splits, sharedividends, or other similar events which change the number or kind of shares outstanding.64Table of ContentsTransferability. Unless otherwise provided in the 2018 Plan or otherwise determined by the administrator, an award may not be sold, pledged, assigned,hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution and may be exercised, during the lifetime of theparticipant, only by the participant. However, the administrator may, at or after the grant of an award other than an ISO, provide that such award may be transferredby the recipient to a “family member” (as defined in the 2018 Plan); provided, however, that any such transfer is without payment of any consideration whatsoeverand that no transfer shall be valid unless first approved by the administrator, acting in its sole discretion, and as required by our Amended and Restated Articles ofIncorporation. If the administrator makes an award transferable, such award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the administrator deemsappropriate.Termination of, or Amendments to, the 2018 Plan. The Board may at any time amend, alter, suspend or terminate the 2018 Plan, provided that the Company willobtain shareholder approval of any 2018 Plan amendment to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with applicable Laws. No amendment, alteration,suspension or termination of the 2018 Plan will impair the rights of any participant, unless mutually agreed otherwise between the participant and the administrator,which agreement must be in writing and signed by the participant and the Company. Termination of the 2018 Plan will not affect the administrator’s ability to exercisethe powers granted to it hereunder with respect to awards granted prior to the date of such termination.The 2018 Plan will terminate five years following the date it was adopted by the Board, unless sooner terminated by the Board.Employment AgreementsPlease refer to Item 10 “Additional Information—C. Material Contracts.”C.Board PracticesOur board of directors currently consists of seven members, Keyan Yan, Lixia Tu, John Sano, Themis Kalapotharakos, Matthew C. Los, Yuet Mei Chan andZhongmin Zhang.The Board has established the Audit Committee, which is comprised entirely of independent directors. From time to time, the Board may establish other committees.Audit CommitteeOur Audit Committee is currently composed of three members: Yuet Mei Chan, John Sano and Matthew C. Los. Our Board of Directors determined that each memberof the Audit Committee meets the independence criteria prescribed by applicable regulation and the rules of the SEC for audit committee membership. Each AuditCommittee member also meets NASDAQ’s financial literacy requirements. Matthew C. Los serves as Chair of the Audit Committee.Our Board of Directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is the “audit committee financial expert” as such term is defined in Item 407(d) of Regulation SKpromulgated by the SEC and also meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements.The Audit Committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our Company. The Audit Committee isresponsible for, among other things:●the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the independent auditor;●reviewing and preapproving all auditing services and permissible nonaudit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed by theindependent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed relatedparty transactions;●discussing the interim and annual financial statements with management and our independent auditors;●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor (a) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls, (b) theCompany’s internal audit procedures, and (c) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, and managementreports thereon;65Table of Contents●reviewing reported violations of the Company’s code of conduct and business ethics; and●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor various topics and events that may have significant financial impact on theCompany or that are the subject of discussions between management and the independent auditors.D.EmployeesAs of December 31, 2018, we employed 370 fulltime employees. The following table sets forth the number of our fulltime employees by function. FunctionNumber ofEmployeesManagement and Administration28Marketing, Sales and Distribution18Design and Product Development20Production281Procurement, Warehousing and Logistics19Quality and Assurance7TOTAL370We believe that we have maintained a satisfactory working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any significant labor disputes or anydifficulty in recruiting staff for company’s operations. None of company’s employees is represented by a labor union.Our employees in China participate in a state pension plan organized by Chinese municipal and provincial governments. The company is required to make monthlycontributions to the plan for each employee at the rate of 23% of his or her average assessable salary. In addition, the company is required by Chinese law to coveremployees in China with various types of social insurance. The company believes that it is in material compliance with the relevant PRC laws.E.Share OwnershipThe following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of each class of our voting securities as of April 26, 2019 (i) by each person who is knownby us to beneficially own more than 5% of our voting securities; (ii) by each of our officers and directors; and (iii) by all of our officers and directors as a group.NameOffice, If AnyTitle of ClassAmount andNature ofBeneficialOwnership(1)Percent ofClass(2)Officers and DirectorsKeyan Yan(3)Chairman, CEO and PresidentCommon Stock964,32037.21%Lixia TuChief Financial Officer and DirectorCommon Stock60,0002.32%Themis KalapotharakosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%John SanoDirectorCommon Stock5,0000.19%Matthew C. LosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%Zhongmin ZhangDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%Yuet Mei ChanDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%All officers and directors as a group (7 personsnamed above)1,129,32043.58%5% Security HoldersKeyan Yan (3)Common Stock964,32037.21%Alliance Investment Management Limited(4)Common Stock195,488(4)7.54%*Less than 1%(1)Beneficial Ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Eachof the beneficial owners listed above has direct ownership of and sole voting power and investment power with respect to our common stock.66Table of Contents(2)As of April 26, 2019, a total of 2,591,299 shares of commons stock are considered to be outstanding pursuant to SEC Rule 13d3(d)(1). For each Beneficial Ownerabove, any securities that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days have been included in the denominator.(3)Includes 20,000 shares of common stock owned by Bizhen Chen, Mr. Yan’s wife.(4)Based solely on Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on August 8, 2018, in which Alliance Investment Management reported it has sole voting and dispositivepower with respect to 195,488 shares of our common stock. The address of the reporting person is 7 Belmont Road, Kingston, Jamaica.None of our existing shareholders has voting rights that differ from the voting rights of other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at asubsequent date, result in our change in control.ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSA.Major ShareholdersPlease refer to Item 6 “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.”B.Related Party TransactionsFrom time to time, KBS and its subsidiaries borrowed money from our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Keyan Yan, to pay for Company expenses. Theseamounts are interestfree, unsecured and repayable on demand. In years 2017 and 2016, Mr. Yan paid all the Company expenses in connection with the Company’sNasdaq continued listing and SEC reporting out of his pocket. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of these amounts we borrowed from Mr. Yan was$485,302 and $35,483, respectively.C.Interests of Experts and CounselNot applicable.ITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATIONA.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial InformationFinancial StatementsWe have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this report. See Item 18 “Financial Statements.”Legal Proceedings We may be subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our business from time to time. We are currently not party to anylegal or arbitration proceedings, including those relating to bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings and those involving any third party, which may have, orhave had in the recent past, significant effects on our financial position or profitability.Dividend PolicyTo date, we have not paid any cash dividends on our shares. As a Marshall Islands company, we may only declare and pay dividends except when the corporationis insolvent or would thereby be made insolvent or when the declaration or payment would be contrary to any restrictions contained in our Articles ofIncorporation. Dividends may be declared and paid out of surplus only; but in case there is no surplus, dividends may be declared or paid out of the net profits forthe fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and for the preceding fiscal year. We currently anticipate that we will retain any available funds to finance thegrowth and operation of our business and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our cash held in foreign countriesmay be subject to certain control limitations or repatriation requirements, limiting our ability to use this cash to pay dividends.67Table of ContentsB.Significant ChangesNo significant change has occurred since the date of our consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTINGA.Offer and Listing DetailsOur common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market and trade under the symbol “KBSF.” Between January 23, 2013 and November 3, 2014, our commonstock was traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “AQU.” Our Warrants and Units are quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “KBSFW”and “KBSFU”, respectively. Prior to November 3, 2014, our Warrants and Units were quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “AQUUF” and “AQUUU”,respectively. Before their quotation on the OTC Markets, our Units commenced to trade on the Nasdaq Stock Market on October 26, 2012 and our Warrantscommenced to trade separately from its Units on January 23, 2013.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.Approximate Number of Holders of Our SecuritiesOn April 26, 2019, there was 1 holder of record of our Units, 359 shareholders of record of our common stock and 1 holder of record of our Warrants. Certain of oursecurities are held in nominee or street name so the actual number of beneficial owners of our securities is greater than the number of record holders set forth above.B.Plan of DistributionNot applicable.C.MarketsSee our disclosures above under “A. Offer and Listing Details.”D.Selling ShareholdersNot applicable. E.DilutionNot applicable.F.Expenses of the IssueNot applicable.68Table of ContentsITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONA.Share CapitalOur Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation authorize the Company to issue up to 155,000,000 shares with a par value of $0.0001, consisting of 150,000,000shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of date of this report, there are 2,591,299 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Wehave never issued any preferred stock.●As of date of this report, we have 717 IPO Units outstanding.●As of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding (including 369,302 IPO Warrants and 24,534 Placement Warrants), each warrant entitles theholder to purchase one share of common stock at a purchase price of $172.5.B.Memorandum and Articles of AssociationThe following represents a summary of certain key provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. The summary does not purport to be a summary of allof the provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. For more complete information you should read our amended and restated articles ofincorporation and bylaws, each listed as an exhibit to this report.We were incorporated in the Marshall Islands on January 26, 2012 under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BCA”). The purpose of the Company isto engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may now or hereafter be organized under the BCA. Our amended and restated articles of incorporationand bylaws do not impose any limitations on the ownership rights of our stockholders.Description of Common StockEach outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Upon our dissolution, liquidation orwinding up of the affairs of the Company, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidationpreferences, if any, the holders or our common stock will be entitled to receive pro rata our remaining assets available for distribution. Holders of common stock donot have conversion, redemption or preemptive rights to subscribe to any of our securities.Blank Check Preferred Stock.Our Board of Directors is authorized, without any further vote or action by our stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in different classesand series and, with respect to each class or series, to determine the designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights,conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the powers and rights associated with the common stock,at such times and on such other terms as they think proper. Our Board of Directors may issue shares of preferred stock on terms calculated to discourage, delay orprevent a change of control of our company or the removal of our management.WarrantsAs of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding, among which 369,302 warrants were issued to the public in our IPO (the “IPO Warrants”). Each ofthe IPO Warrants entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.5 expiring on July 31, 2019, provided that there is an effectiveregistration statement covering the shares of common stock underlying the IPO Warrants.69Table of ContentsThe Company may redeem the IPO Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon 30 days’ notice, after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, only inthe event that the last sale price of the shares of common stock is at least $17.50 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30trading day period (“30Day TradingPeriod”) ending three business days prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is a current registration statement in effect with respectto the shares of common stock underlying such IPO Warrants throughout the 30day redemption period. The Company is only required to use its best efforts tomaintain the effectiveness of the registration statement covering the underlying common stock of the IPO Warrants. There are no contractual penalties for failure todeliver securities if a registration statement is not effective at the time of exercise. Additionally, in the event that a registration statement is not effective at the time ofexercise, the holder of such warrant shall not be entitled to exercise such warrant for cash and in no event (whether in the case of a registration statement not beingeffective or otherwise) will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrant exercise.In addition, Aqua Investments Corp., an entity controlled by certain founding shareholders of the Company, acquired 24,534 warrants, each entitles the holder topurchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50, expiring on July 31, 2019 (the “Placement Warrants”). The Placement Warrants are identical to the IPOWarrants except that the Placement Warrants (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis; (ii) will not be redeemable by the Company and (ii) may beexercised even if there is not an effective registration statement relating to the shares underlying the warrants, so long as they are held by the initial purchaser orany of its permitted transferees.As of date of this report, we also have 717 IPO Units outstanding and publicly trading, each including one IPO Warrant and one share of our common stock.DirectorsThe business and affairs of the Company are managed by or under the direction of our Board of Directors.Our directors are elected by the holders of the shares representing a majority of the total voting power of the thenoutstanding capital stock of the Company entitledto vote generally in the election of directors (“Voting Stock”). Our amended and restated articles of incorporation provide that cumulative voting shall not be used toelect directors. Each director will be elected to serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his/her successor shall have been duly elected andqualified, except in the event of his/her death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of his/her term of office.Any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of thetotal voting power of the Voting Stock entitled to vote thereon or with cause by directors constituting at least twothirds of the entire Board.Vacancies in the Board of Directors occurring by death, resignation, the creation of new directorships, the failure of the shareholders to elect the whole board at anyannual election of directors, or, except as herein provided, for any other reason, including removal of directors for cause, may be filled either by the affirmative voteof a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, at any special meeting called for that purpose or at any regular meeting of theBoard. Vacancies occurring by removal of directors without cause may be filled only by vote of the shareholders.Shareholder MeetingsAnnual stockholder meetings will be held at a time and place selected by our board of directors. The meetings may be held in or outside of the Marshall Islands.Under our amended and restated articles of incorporation, special meetings may be called by the board of directors, or by the secretary of the Company requestedby stockholders representing certain amount of voting power. Our board of directors shall give not less than 15 days and not more than 60 days prior written noticeof a shareholders’ meeting to each shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat and to each shareholder of record who, by reason of any action proposed at suchmeeting would be entitled to have his/her shares appraised if such action were taken, and the notice shall include a statement of that purpose and to that effect.Our bylaws provide that a meeting of shareholders is duly constituted if, at the commencement of the meeting, there are shareholders present in person or by proxyrepresenting not less than a majority of the votes of the shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on resolutions of shareholders to be considered at themeeting.70Table of ContentsIf a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of stock represented at the meeting will be the act of the shareholders. At any meeting ofshareholders, each shareholder entitled to vote any shares on any manner to be voted upon at such meeting shall be entitled to one vote on such matter for eachsuch share. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the action so taken, issigned by all the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof.Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal and Payment.Under the BCA, our stockholders have the right to dissent from various corporate actions, including any merger or sale of all or substantially all of our assets notmade in the usual course of our business, and receive payment of the fair value of their shares. However, the right of a dissenting stockholder to receive payment ofthe fair value of his or her shares shall not be available for any shares of stock of the constituent corporation surviving a merger if the merger did not require for itsapproval the vote of the stockholders of the surviving corporation. In the event of any further amendment of our articles of incorporation, a stockholder also has theright to dissent and receive payment for his or her shares if the amendment alters certain rights in respect of those shares. The dissenting stockholder must followthe procedures set forth in the BCA to receive payment. In the event that we and any dissenting stockholder fail to agree on a price for the shares, the BCAprocedures involve, among other things, the institution of proceedings in the circuit court in the judicial circuit in the Marshall Islands in which our Marshall Islandsoffice is situated. The value of the shares of the dissenting stockholder is fixed by the court after reference, if the court so elects, to the recommendations of a courtappointed appraiser.Stockholders’ Derivative ActionsUnder the BCA, any of our stockholders may bring an action in our name to procure a judgment in our favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that thestockholder bringing the action is a holder of common stock both at the time the derivative action is commenced and at the time of the transaction to which theaction relates.Indemnification of Officers and DirectorsThe BCA authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors and officers to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages forbreaches of directors’ fiduciary duties. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation include a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors formonetary damages for actions taken as a director to the fullest extent permitted by law. We must indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorizedby law. We are also expressly authorized to advance certain expenses (including attorneys’ fees and disbursements and court costs) to our directors and offices andcarry directors’ and officers’ insurance providing indemnification for our directors, officers and certain employees for some liabilities.The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws may discourage stockholders frombringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigationagainst directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. In addition, your investment may beadversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.C.Material ContractsWe have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in Item 4 “Information on theCompany,” Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations,” Item 7 “Major Shareholders and RelatedParty Transactions,” or filed (or incorporated by reference) as exhibits to this annual report or otherwise described or referenced in this annual report.D.Exchange ControlsMarshall Islands Exchange ControlsUnder Marshall Islands law, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect theremittance of dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our shares.71Table of ContentsBVI Exchange ControlsThere are no material exchange controls restrictions on payment of dividends, interest or other payments to the holders of our common stock or on the conduct ofour operations in the BVI, where we were incorporated. There are no material BVI laws that impose any material exchange controls on us or that affect the paymentof dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our common stock. BVI law and our memorandum and articles of association do not impose anymaterial limitations on the right of nonresidents or foreign owners to hold or vote our common stock.PRC Exchange ControlsRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued bySAFE and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade and service payments, payment ofinterest and dividends can be made without prior approval from SAFE by following the appropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMBinto foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRC for the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments,loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from SAFE or its local office.On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency Management Policy on Direct Investment, effective fromJune 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investmentfrom SAFE. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for the purpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed withqualified banks, which, under the supervision of SAFE, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise, or SAFE Circular 19,was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to SAFE Circular 19, a foreigninvested enterprise may, according to its actualbusiness needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchange bureau has confirmedmonetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the time being, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shall truthfully use itscapital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equity investment with theamount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open a corresponding Account forForeign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming andRegulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or SAFE Circular 16, was promulgated and became effective on June 9,2016. According to SAFE Circular 16, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreign currency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionarybasis. SAFE Circular 16 provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items (including but not limited to foreigncurrency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. SAFE Circular 16 reiterates the principle thatRenminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope andmay not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guarantee the principal within the PRCunless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless it is within the businessscope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Optimizing Genuineness and ComplianceVerification, or SAFE Circular 3, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits from domestic entities tooffshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution, original copies oftax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses before remitting any profits.Moreover, pursuant to SAFE Circular 3, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provide boardresolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.72Table of ContentsRegulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsSAFE issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special PurposeVehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issues Concerning theRegulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles, to regulateforeign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investment and financing orconduct round trip investment in China. SAFE Circular 37 defines a SPV as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly or indirectly, by PRC residents orentities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets or interests, while “round tripinvestment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through SPVs, namely, establishing foreigninvested enterprises to obtain theownership, control rights and management rights. SAFE Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into an SPV, PRC residents or entities be required tocomplete foreign exchange registration with SAFE or its local branch. In addition, SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving theAdministration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended SAFE Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015,requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.PRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to SPVs but had not obtained registration as required before theimplementation of the SAFE Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the SPVs with qualified banks. An amendment to the registration isrequired if there is a material change with respect to the SPV registered, such as any change of basic information (including change of the PRC residents, name andoperation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers or divisions. Failure to comply with the registrationprocedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclose controllers of the foreigninvestedenterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to itsoffshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities to penalties under PRC foreignexchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companiesby PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRCsubsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansSAFE promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan ofOverseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issued by SAFE in March 2007. Pursuant tothe Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residents participating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted companyare required to register with SAFE or its local branches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents mustconduct the SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of theoverseas publicly listed company or another qualified institution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevantSAFE registration should there be any material change to the stock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of thePRC residents who have the right to exercise the employee stock options, apply to SAFE or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreigncurrencies in connection with the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the saleof shares under the stock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRCopened by the PRC agents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.73Table of ContentsWe adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We have advised therecipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice. However, wecannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subjectthe PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016 respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014 respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our BVI holding company may rely on dividend payments from IST,which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on the ability of ourconsolidated VIEs to make remittance to IST and on the ability of IST to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations ofthose entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends andother distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you,and otherwise fund and conduct our business”E.TaxationThe following is a general summary of the material Marshall Islands, Hong Kong, BVI, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to an investmentin our units, shares of common stock and warrants to acquire our shares of common stock, sometimes referred to collectively in this summary as our “securities”.The discussion is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal or tax advice to any particular prospective purchaser. The discussion is based on lawsand relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change or different interpretations, possibly withretroactive effect. The discussion does not address United States state or local tax laws, or tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Marshall Islands, Hong Kong,the BVI, the PRC and the United States. We recommend that you consult your own tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquisition, ownership anddisposition of our securities.Marshall Islands TaxationThe following are the material Marshall Islands tax consequences of our activities to us and to our stockholders and warrant holders of investing in our CommonStock and warrants. Under current Marshall Islands law, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains, and no Marshall Islands withholding tax or income taxwill be imposed upon payments of dividends by us to our stockholders or proceeds from the disposition of our common stock and warrants, provided suchstockholders or warrant holders, as the case may be, are not residents in the Marshall Islands. There is no tax treaty between the United States and the Republic ofthe Marshall Islands.BVI TaxationThe BVI does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid to us by our BVI subsidiary, nor does the BVI levy any capital gains or income taxes on us or our BVIsubsidiary. However, our BVI subsidiary is required to pay the BVI government an annual license fee based on the number of shares it is authorized to issue.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the BVI.74Table of ContentsHong Kong TaxationOur Hong Kong subsidiaries, under the current laws of Hong Kong, are subject to profits tax of 16.5%. No provision for Hong Kong profits tax has been made asour Hong Kong subsidiaries have no taxable income.PRC TaxationWe are a holding company incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which indirectly holds our equity interests in our PRC operating subsidiaries. The EIT Law and itsimplementation rules, both of which became effective as of January 1, 2008, provide that a PRC enterprise is subject to a standard income tax rate of 25% and Chinasourced income of foreign enterprises, such as dividends paid by a PRC subsidiary to its overseas parent, will normally be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of10%, unless there are applicable treaties between the overseas parent’s jurisdiction of incorporation and China to reduce such rate.Under the Arrangement between the Mainland and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention ofFiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, or the Double Taxation Arrangement, effective as of January 1, 2007, such dividend withholding tax rate is reducedto 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns over 25% of the PRC company distributing the dividends. Under the aforesaid arrangement, any dividends that ourPRC operating subsidiaries pay to their Hong Kong holding companies may be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 5% if they are not considered to be a PRC“resident enterprise” as described below. However, if the Hong Kong holdings companies are not considered to be the “beneficial owner” of such dividends underthe Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties promulgated by the State Administration of Taxation on October 27,2009 (and not a PRC “resident enterprise”), such dividends would be subject to the withholding tax rate of 10%. The withholding tax rate of 5% or 10% applicablewill have a significant impact on the amount of dividends to be received by us and ultimately by shareholders.According to the Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties, the term “beneficial owner” refers to a person who hasthe right to own and dispose of the income and the rights or properties generated from the said income. The “beneficial owner” may be an individual, a company orany other organization which is usually engaged in substantial business operations. A conduit company is not a “beneficial owner.” The term “conduit company”refers to a company which is usually established for purposes of dodging or reducing taxes, and transferring or accumulating profits. Such a company is onlyregistered in the country of domicile to satisfy the organizational form as required by law, but it does not engage in such substantial business operations asmanufacturing, distribution and management. As our Hong Kong holding companies are controlling companies and are not engaged in substantial businessoperations, they could be considered as conduit companies by tax authorities and we do not expect them to be a beneficial owner.In addition to the changes to the current tax structure, under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto management bodies” withinChina is considered a resident enterprise and will normally be subject to an EIT of 25% on its global income. The implementing rules define the term “de factomanagement bodies” as “an establishment that exercises, in substance, overall management and control over the production, business, personnel, accounting, etc.,of a Chinese enterprise.”It remains unclear whether the PRC tax authorities would require or permit our overseas registered entities to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. We do notcurrently consider our company to be a PRC resident enterprise. However, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterpriseincome tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on ourworldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on offering proceedsand nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although under the EIT Law and its implementing rulesdividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued guidance with respect to the processing ofoutbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidance issuedwith respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation in which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to our nonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC shareholders from transferring our shares.75Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income TaxationThe following is a discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our securities. It does notpurport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s situation. The discussion applies only toholders that hold their securities as capital assets (generally property held for investment) within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based on the Code, income tax regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial positions, published positions of theInternal Revenue Service, or the IRS, and other applicable authorities, all as in effect as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly withretroactive effect. This discussion is general in nature and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations, nor does the discussion address any state, local orforeign tax considerations or any U.S. tax considerations (e.g., estate or gift tax) other than U.S. federal income tax considerations, that may be applicable toparticular holders.This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant in light of particular circumstances, nor does it address the U.S.federal income tax consequences to persons who are subject to special rules under U.S. federal income tax law, including:●banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions;●persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;●taxexempt organizations;●controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid United States federal incometax;●certain former citizens or longterm residents of the United States;●dealers in securities or currencies;●traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting for their securities holdings;●persons that own, or are deemed to own, more than five percent of our capital stock;●holders who acquired our stock as compensation or pursuant to the exercise of a stock option; or●persons who hold our shares as a position in a hedging transaction, “straddle,” or other risk reduction transaction.For purposes of this discussion, a U.S. holder is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (ii) acorporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States (or treated assuch under applicable U.S. tax laws), any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardlessof its source; or (iv) a trust if (a) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have theauthority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) it has a valid election in effect under applicable law and regulations to be treated as a U.S. person forU.S. federal income tax purposes. A nonU.S. holder is a holder that is neither a U.S. holder nor a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S.federal income tax purposes.In the case of a partnership or entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally willdepend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal incometax consequences to them of the merger or of the ownership and disposition of our shares.As a result of consummation of the Share Exchange, (i) we acquired substantially all the properties of KBS International, a U.S. corporation, and (ii) the formershareholders of KBS International held at least 80 percent of our common stock by reason of having held stock of KBS International. Accordingly, under Section7874 of the Code, we are treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as a U.S. corporation and, among other consequences, are subject to U.S. federal income tax on ourworldwide income. This discussion assumes that Section 7874 of the Code continues to apply to treat us as a U.S. corporation for all purposes under the Code. If,for some reason (e.g., future repeal of Section 7874 of the Code), we were no longer treated as a U.S. corporation under the Code, the U.S. federal income taxconsequences described herein could be materially and adversely affected.76Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. HoldersDistributionsIn the event that distributions are paid on our common stock, the gross amount of such distributions will be included in the gross income of the U.S. holder asdividend income on the date of receipt to the extent that the distribution is paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federalincome tax principles. Such dividends will be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Dividends received by noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, may be subject to reduced rates of taxation under current law. A U.S. holdermay be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed on dividends paid by us. However, the foreign tax credit rules arecomplex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 of the Code and the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and theGovernment of the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, or theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty, is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may be entitled to underthe foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.To the extent that dividends paid on our common stock exceed current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distributions will be treated first as a taxfree returnof tax basis on our common stock, and to the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds tax basis, the excess will be treated as gain from the disposition ofthose common stock. Because Section 7874 of the Code has applied to treat us as a U.S. corporation only since consummation of the Share Exchange in 2014, wemay not be able to demonstrate to the IRS the extent to which a distribution on our common stock exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (asdetermined under U.S. federal income tax principles), in which case all of such distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.Sale or Other DispositionU.S. holders of our common stock will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of common stock equal to the differencebetween the amount realized for the common stock and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the common stock. This gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss. Undercurrent law, noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, are eligible for reduced tax rates if the common stock has been held for more than one year. Thedeductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. A U.S. holder may be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed ongain from the sale or other disposition of common stock. However, the foreign tax credit rules are complex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 ofthe Code and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may beentitled to under the foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Unearned Income Medicare ContributionCertain U.S. holders who are individuals, trusts or estates are required to pay an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on, among other things, dividends on and capitalgains from the sale or other disposition of shares of stock. U.S. holders should consult their own advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this rule on their ownershipand disposition of our common stock.U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for NonU.S. HoldersDistributionsThe rules applicable to nonU.S. holders for determining the extent to which distributions on our common stock, if any, constitute dividends for U.S. federal incometax purposes are the same as for U.S. holders. See “–U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. Holders– Distributions.”77Table of ContentsAny dividends paid to a nonU.S. holder by us are treated as income derived from sources within the United States and generally will be subject to U.S. federalincome tax withholding at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends, or at a lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty if nonU.S. holdersprovide proper certification of eligibility for the lower rate (usually on IRS Form W8BEN or W8BENE). Dividends received by a nonU.S. holder that are effectivelyconnected with such holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business (and, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained bythe nonU.S. holder in the U.S.) are exempt from such withholding tax, provided that applicable certification requirements are satisfied. In such case, however, nonU.S. holders will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such dividends, net of certain deductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. In addition, corporatenonU.S. holders may be subject to an additional branch profits tax equal to 30% or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable tax treaty on dividendsreceived that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.If nonU.S. holders are eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, such nonU.S. holders may obtain a refund ofany excess amounts withheld by filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.Sale or Other DispositionExcept as described below for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, any gain realized by a nonU.S. holder upon the saleor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:criminal liability in serious cases.According to the PRC Product Quality Law, consumers or other victims who suffer injury or property losses due to product defects may demand compensation fromthe manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the corresponding amount from the manufacturer if the manufactureris responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Relating to Consumer ProtectionThe principal legal provisions for the protection of consumer interests are set forth in the Law of the PRC on Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests, or theConsumer Protection Law, which was promulgated in October 1993 amended in October 2013. The Consumer Protection Law sets forth standards of behavior thatbusinesses must observe in their dealings with consumers.Violations of the Consumer Protection Law may result in the imposition of fines. In addition, the violating entity may be ordered to suspend its operations, and itsbusiness license may be revoked. There may also be criminal liability in serious cases.According to the Consumer Protection Law, if the legal rights and interests of a consumer are violated during the purchase or use of goods, the consumer may seekcompensation from the seller. If the manufacturer or an upstream distributor is responsible, after compensating the consumer, the seller may recover thecorresponding amount from the manufacturer or the upstream distributor. Consumers or other persons who suffer personal injury or property damages due todefects in products may seek compensation from the manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the correspondingamount from the manufacturer if the manufacturer is responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Related to TrademarksThe PRC Trademark Law, adopted in 1982 and revised in 2001 and 2013, protects the proprietary rights to registered trademarks. The Trademark Office under theState Administration of Industry and Commerce handles trademark registration and grants a term of ten years to registered trademarks and another ten years totrademarks as requested upon expiry of the prior term. Trademark license agreements and transfer agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record.37Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Environmental MattersOur facilities are subject to various governmental regulations related to environmental protection. We use a myriad of chemicals in our operations and produceemissions that could pose environmental risks. Our manufacturing facilities are subject to various pollution control regulations with respect to noise, water and airpollution and the disposal of waste and hazardous materials, including, China’s Environmental Protection Law, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Appraisingof Environment Impacts, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of AirPollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution, and China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of NoisePollution. We are subject to periodic inspections by local environmental protection authorities.We did not incur material costs in environmental compliance in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016. We believe we are in material compliance with the relevant PRCenvironmental laws and regulations. We are not currently subject to any pending actions alleging any violations of applicable PRC environmental laws.Regulations Related to EmploymentThe PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law require that employers must execute written employment contracts with fulltime employees. All employers mustcompensate their employees with wages equal to at least the local minimum wage standards. Violations of the PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law may resultin the imposition of fines and other administrative sanctions, and serious violations may constitute criminal offences.On December 28, 2012, the PRC Labor Contract Law was amended with effect on July 1, 2013 to impose more stringent requirements on labor dispatch. Under suchlaw, dispatched workers are entitled to pay equal to that of fulltime employees for equal work, but the number of dispatched workers that an employer hires may notexceed a certain percentage of its total number of employees as determined by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Additionally, dispatchedworkers are only permitted to engage in temporary, auxiliary or substitute work. According to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch promulgated by theMinistry of Human Resources and Social Security on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014, the number of dispatched workers hired by anemployer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees (including both directly hired employees and dispatched workers). The Interim Provisions onLabor Dispatch require employers not in compliance with the PRC Labor Contract Law in this regard to reduce the number of its dispatched workers to below 10% ofthe total number of its employees prior to March 1, 2016.Enterprises in China are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in certain employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pensionplan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a workrelated injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund,and contribute to the plans or funds in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of the employees as specified by thelocal government from time to time at locations where they operate their businesses or where they are located. The enterprise may be ordered to pay the full amountwithin a deadline if it fails to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans and may be subject to fines and other administrative sanctions.Regulations Relating to Foreign ExchangeRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued by theState Administration of Foreign Exchange and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade andservice payments, payment of interest and dividends can be made without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange by following theappropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRCfor the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange or its local office.38Table of ContentsOn February 13, 2015, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency ManagementPolicy on Direct Investment, effective from June 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign directinvestment and overseas direct investment from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for thepurpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed with qualified banks, which, under the supervision of the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to this Circular, a foreigninvested enterprise may,according to its actual business needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchangebureau has confirmed monetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the timebeing, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shalltruthfully use its capital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equityinvestment with the amount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open acorresponding Account for Foreign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of theState Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts waspromulgated and became effective on June 9, 2016. According to this Circular, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreigncurrency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionary basis. This Circular provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items(including but not limited to foreign currency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. ThisCircular reiterates the principle that Renminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposesbeyond its business scope and may not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guaranteethe principal within the PRC unless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless itis within the business scope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration andOptimizing Genuineness and Compliance Verification, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits fromdomestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution,original copies of tax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses beforeremitting any profits. Moreover, pursuant to this Circular, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provideboard resolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and RoundtripInvestment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Issues Concerning the Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore SpecialPurpose Vehicles, to regulate foreign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investmentand financing or conduct round trip investment in China. Circular 37 defines a “special purpose vehicle” as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly orindirectly, by PRC residents or entities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets orinterests, while “round trip investment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through special purpose vehicles, namely, establishingforeigninvested enterprises to obtain the ownership, control rights and management rights. Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into a specialpurpose vehicle, PRC residents or entities be required to complete foreign exchange registration with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranch. In addition, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the ForeignExchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015, requiring PRC residents or entities toregister with qualified banks rather than the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.39Table of ContentsPRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to special purpose vehicles but had not obtained registration asrequired before the implementation of the Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the special purpose vehicles with qualified banks. Anamendment to the registration is required if there is a material change with respect to the special purpose vehicle registered, such as any change of basic information(including change of the PRC residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers ordivisions. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclosecontrollers of the foreigninvested enterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchangeactivities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, sharetransfer or liquidation, to its offshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities topenalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating toinvestments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our abilityto inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic IndividualsParticipating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issuedby the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in March 2007. Pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residentsparticipating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted company are required to register with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents must conduct the registration and other procedures withrespect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of the overseas publicly listed company or another qualifiedinstitution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevant registration should there be any material change to thestock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of the PRC residents who have the right to exercise the employeestock options, apply to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreign currencies in connectionwith the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the sale of shares under thestock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRC opened by the PRCagents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.We have adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we will have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We haveadvised the recipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.However, we cannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock IncentivePlan Notice. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plansmay subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016, respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014, respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our Marshall Islands holding company may rely on dividend paymentsfrom Hongri PRC, which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on theability of our other PRC subsidiaries to make remittance to Hongri PRC and on the ability of Hongri PRC to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cashgenerated by the operations of those entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We rely to a significant extent on dividends and otherdistributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiary to fund offshore cash and financing requirements.”40Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Overseas ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the StateOwned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective onSeptember 8, 2006 and was amended on June 22, 2009. These regulations, among other things, require that (i) PRC entities or individuals obtain approval from theMinistry of Commerce before they establish or control a special purpose vehicle overseas, provided that they intend to use the special purpose vehicle to acquiretheir equity interests in a PRC company at the consideration of newly issued share of the special purpose vehicle, or Share Swap, and list their equity interests in thePRC company overseas by listing the special purpose vehicle in an overseas market; (ii) the special purpose vehicle obtains approval from the Ministry ofCommerce before it acquires the equity interests held by the PRC entities or PRC individual in the PRC company by Share Swap; and (iii) the special purpose vehicleobtains China Securities Regulatory Commission approval before it lists overseas. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The approval ofthe China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with this offering under a PRC regulation. The regulation also establishes more complexprocedures for acquisitions conducted by foreign investors that could make it more difficult for us to grow through acquisitions.”Regulations Relating to TaxationDividend Withholding TaxIn March 2007, the National People’s Congress enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law which became effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on February 24,2017. According to Enterprise Income Tax Law, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a foreigninvested enterprise in China to its foreignenterprise investors are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that providesfor a preferential withholding arrangement. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Negotiated Reduction of Dividends and Interest Rates,issued on January 29, 2008 and supplemented and revised on February 29, 2008, and the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, which became effective onDecember 8, 2006 and applicable to income derived in any year of assessment commencing on or after April 1, 2007 in Hong Kong and in any year commencing on orafter January 1, 2007 in the PRC, such withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong enterprise is deemed the beneficial owner of any dividend paid by aPRC subsidiary by PRC tax authorities and holds at least 25% of the equity interest in that particular PRC subsidiary at all times within the 12month periodimmediately prior to the distribution of the dividends. Furthermore, pursuant to the Announcement on Issues concerning “Beneficial Owners” in Tax Treaties issuedon February 3, 2018 by the State Administration of Taxation, when determining the status of “beneficial owners,” a comprehensive analysis may be conductedthrough materials such as articles of association, financial statements, records of capital flows, minutes of board of directors, resolutions of board of directors,allocation of manpower and material resources, the relevant expenses, functions and risk assumption, loan contracts, royalty contracts or transfer contracts, patentregistration certificates and copyright certificates, etc. However, even if an applicant has the status as a “beneficiary owner,” if the competent tax authority findsnecessity to apply the principal purpose test clause in the tax treaties or the general antitax avoidance rules stipulated in domestic tax laws, the general antitaxavoidance provisions shall apply.Enterprise Income TaxIn December 2007, the State Council promulgated the Implementing Rules of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008. TheEnterprise Income Tax Law and its relevant implementing rules (i) impose a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate, which is applicable to both foreigninvestedenterprises and domestic enterprises (ii) permits companies to continue to enjoy their existing tax incentives, subject to certain transitional phaseout rules and(iii) introduces new tax incentives, subject to various qualification criteria.41Table of ContentsThe Enterprise Income Tax Law also provides that enterprises organized under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies”located within China may be considered PRC resident enterprises and therefore be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwideincome. The implementing rules further define the term “de facto management body” as the management body that exercises substantial and overall managementand control over the production and operations, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. If an enterprise organized under the laws of jurisdictionoutside China is considered a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, itwould be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. Second, a 10% withholding tax would be imposed on dividends itpays to its nonPRC enterprise shareholders and with respect to gains derived by its nonPRC enterprise shareholders from transfer of its shares.On October 17, 2017, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Bulletin on Issues Concerning the Withholding of NonPRC Resident Enterprise Income Tax atSource, or Bulletin 37, which replaced the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by NonPRC Resident Enterprisesissued by the State Administration of Taxation on December 10, 2009, and partially replaced and supplemented rules under the Bulletin on Issues of EnterpriseIncome Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by NonPRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7, issued by the State Administration of Taxation on February 3, 2015.Under Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by nonPRC resident enterprises may be recharacterizedand treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose ofavoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. In respect of anindirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the relevant gain is to be regarded as effectively connected with the PRC establishment and thereforeincluded in its enterprise income tax filing, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relatesto the immoveable properties in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not effectively connected to a PRC establishment of a nonresident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax at 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similararrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Pursuant to Bulletin 37, the withholding party shalldeclare and pay the withheld tax to the competent tax authority in the place where such withholding party is located within seven days from the date of occurrenceof the withholding obligation. Both Bulletin 37 and Bulletin 7 do not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange wheresuch shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We and our existingshareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a Chinese establishmentof a nonChinese company, or immovable properties located in China owned by nonChinese companies.”ValueAdded TaxIn November 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Pilot Plan for Imposition of ValueAdded Tax to ReplaceBusiness Tax. In March 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation further promulgated the Notice on Fully Promoting the Pilot Plan forReplacing Business Tax by ValueAdded Tax. Pursuant to this Pilot Plan and the relevant notice, value added tax at a rate of 6% is generally imposed, on anationwide basis, on the revenue generated from the provision of service in lieu of business tax in the modern service industries. Value added tax of a rate of 6%applies to revenue derived from the provision of some modern services. Unlike business tax, a taxpayer is allowed to offset the qualified input value added tax paidon taxable purchases against the output value added tax chargeable on the modern services provided.C.Organizational StructureSee “—A. History and Development of the Company—Corporate Structure” above for details of our current organizational structure.42Table of ContentsD.Property, Plants and EquipmentOur company has established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31,2018, this network was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, our company’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The facilityhas a production capacity of 2 million pieces per year and we move in upon the completion of phase 2 in year 2015. By relocating from the coastal area to AnhuiProvince, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a more stable labor supply. We manufacture a variety of menswear products, including, jeans,shirts, suits and socks. Because of its variety and complexity in the production process, these products require special sewing machines and workmanship, whichwe currently do not possess. As a result, the Company is not yet able to produce KBS branded products and has outsourced its KBS branded productmanufacturing to other established ODM and OEM manufacturers in the Fujian and Zhejiang regions. The Company has completed the second phase constructionof its new factory at the end of 2014. The second phase has an annual production capacity of 5 million pieces subject to our purchasing additional equipment.Currently Anhui factory mainly produces OEM orders and some international orders.Our production facility consists of total 110,557 square meters of land. We obtained a portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square metersand 2,440 square meters in May 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildingsand offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need foradditional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of landhas been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Oncethe construction of the new production facilities is completed, our total production capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year fromthe current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.In 2016, we closed 1 corporate store and as of December 31, 2018, we leased the premises for our sole remaining corporate store. We have undertaken variousmeasures to verify the lessees’ rights to the property leased to us in respect of its stores. In China, all land is owned by the State or other governmental bodies, and“ownership” is generally evidenced by a land use rights certificate. We rent some stores that were located in rural areas where land use rights are held collectivelyby villages and records regarding the ownership of land use rights are frequently not kept. In these cases, the company has confirmed our ability to lease the storesthrough communications with village authorities, and has reviewed electricity and water bills to confirm utilities are being paid by the parties leasing the premises tous. Based on the results of these efforts, we believe the risk of third party claims against our leases of these stores is relatively small and the measures taken by ourcompany are sufficient to verify the land use rights for all of its stores.In addition, the property used as our head office and corporate store is leased from a related party, whose ownership of the property has been verified by ourcompany. We paid a total of RMB720,000, RMB 720,000, and RMB 720,000, as rental fees for the existing corporate stores during the fiscal years 2016, 2017 and 2018,respectively. The total area of these 2 corporate stores is 158 square meters. The sales of each store and its location are shown below:AreaSales in fiscalyear 2016(USD)Sales in fiscalyear 2017(USD)Sales in fiscalyear2018(USD)Shishi factory1,240,354.74772,299691,431Quanzhou Dayang (closed in 2016)470,280.90Total:1,710,635.64772,299691,43143Table of ContentsITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot required.ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSWe are engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of casual menswear in China, including apparel and accessories, which we market under the KBSbrand. The KBS brand was developed in 2006. Before 2012, we were engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of fashion sportswear in China. Sinceour products feature a unique and stylish design that is more fashionable than traditional sportswear, as well as quality fabrics and materials and the sportswearmarket was becoming more and more competitive, in late 2011 we turned our focus on casual menswear market which has higher profit margin. KBS’s apparelproducts include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, Jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, belts and caps. In 2016, the suggestedretail prices of KBS’s products ranged from RMB199 to RMB1,499 for its apparel products and RMB15 to RMB899 for its accessory products. KBS holds newproducts launch events twice every year, one in spring and the other in autumn. Since 2006, we have launched about 1,500,536 collections of new products eachyear with a different theme to highlight the current trends for the season. KBS’s marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese.” KBS’scustomers are male middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range, primarily located in tier two and tier three cities in China. The company has adopted “KBS” as auniform brand name, which stands for “Keep Best Style”, and KBS are designed by us for a uniform look and feel that fits our brand image, with instore displaysthat accentuate the quality and style of our products across all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. We believe that the KBSbrand has become a recognized brand name in the cities where their products are sold.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors. Thenumber of stores grew significantly from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006 to 31 corporate stores as of December 31, 2012 and 96franchised stores as of December 31, 2013, and decreased to 84 stores as of December 31, 2014. Because of the recent softening of economic growing in China andfierce competition from our competitors, online store sales of franchised stores and corporate stores went down in 2015 as compared with the previous year. In 2017and 2018, the distributors closed 15 and 8 franchised stores, respectively, and we closed 1 corporate store in year 2016. We generate more revenues from OEM in2018 and intend to generate more in OEM and target area from acquisitions.KBS also acts as an original design manufacturer, or ODM, upon request. Income from such services accounted for 14%, 7.3% and 9% of revenue for the yearsended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, KBS’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The company believesthat the shortage of labor and rising wage expectations in China, especially in the coastal area, could have a material impact on our operations as well as itssuppliers’ cost of manufacturing. By relocating from the coastal area to inland Anhui Province, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a morestable labor supply. Since the company’s original production team was not ready to produce the new style KBS products, KBS has outsourced its productmanufacturing to other established ODM manufacturers. As such, KBS’s own production facility in Taihu mainly takes OEM orders from other sportswearcompanies, like Xtep. Our production facility in Taihu, Anhui Province includes three parcels of land with a total area of 110,557 square meters. We have obtainedland use rights for two parcels of land with an area of 9,845 square meters in 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction ofthe adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire theland use right of the third parcel of land. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 can be continued. Once completed, our totalproduction capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year. We do not necessarilyrely on our own production facility to satisfy the demand of our products as we may outsource some or all of the production work to various ODM and OEMmanufacturers in China.44Table of ContentsA.Principal Factors Affecting Financial PerformanceOur operating results are primarily affected by the following factors:●Growth of China’s menswear industry. With approximately onefifth of the world’s population and a fastgrowing gross domestic product, Chinarepresents a significant growth opportunity for a wide variety of retail goods, including apparel. The enhanced living standards and increased disposableincome that has resulted from the vibrant economic growth has driven the rapid development of the men’s apparel market in China in recent years. China iscurrently one of the world’s largest men’s apparel markets. As a leading provider of casual menswear in China, we believe we are well positioned tocapitalize on the favorable economic, demographic and industry trends in this sector.●Brand recognition. We derive all of our revenues from sales of the KBS branded products in China, and our success depends on the market perceptionand acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture, lifestyle and images associated with this brand. Market acceptance of our brand may affect the sellingprices and market demand for our products, the profit margin of us can achieve, and our ability to grow.●Ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network. The ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in terms of floor area in our salesnetwork affects our results of operations in a given period. The franchised stores operated by our distributors have been and will continue to be the maincontributor to our revenue for the foreseeable future. Under the distribution business model, we sell directly to our distributors and recognize revenuesupon delivery of our products to them. Such distribution network has enabled us to accelerate sales growth at a much lower cost than opening direct storesand has limited our inventory and sales risks. Corporate stores operated by us, on the other hand, despite incurring more significant capital expenditures ascompared with franchised stores, allow us more control over our brand and the consumer’s shopping experience, which are important factors for the overallsuccess of our business. In addition, our corporate store sales generally have a higher gross profit margin than sales to distributors because we are able tosell the products at retail prices directly to the endconsumers and because we recognize expenses relating to our corporate stores as selling anddistribution expenses. Therefore, the ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network will affect our gross profit margin.●Product offering and pricing. Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define menswear trends as well as to anticipate, gauge andreact to changing consumer demands for menswear in a timely manner. Most of our products are subject to changing consumer preferences and fashiontrends that cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumer acceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, andour future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes.●Fluctuations in raw material supply and prices. The per unit cost of producing our products depends on the supply and price of raw materials,particularly fabrics such as cotton, wool and polyester, which have experienced volatility in past years. Increases in the price of raw materials wouldnegatively impact our gross margins if we are not able to offset such price increases through increases in our selling price or changes in product offeringsand mix.Financial Statement PresentationRevenue. During the periods covered by this section, we generated revenue from sales of our menswear products.45Table of ContentsCost of sales. During the periods covered by this section, our cost of sales primarily consisted of the costs of our outsourcing cost, raw materials, labor andoverhead. We did not have any inward or outward freight charges as these charges are borne by our distributors and suppliers.Gross profit and gross margin. For the periods covered by this section, our gross profit is equal to the difference between our net sales and cost of sales. Our grossmargin is equal to the gross profit divided by net sales. Our gross margin may not be comparable to those of other retail entities since some retail entities include allof their distribution network costs in cost of sales and others, like us, include these expenses in another statement of operations line item.Administrative expenses. For the periods covered by this section, general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to ourgeneral management, finance and administrative staff, professional advisor fees, audit fees and other expenses incurred in connection with general operations.Selling expenses. For the periods covered by this section, our selling and marketing expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to our sales andmarketing staff, store rent, business travel, coordination with distributor marketing and promotions, transportation costs and other sales related costs.Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, both in U.S. dollars and as apercentage of or revenue.Year endedDecember 31, 2018Year ended December 31, 2017Year ended December 31, 2016Amount% of SalesAmount% of SalesAmount% of SalesRevenue18,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales20,851,252112%35,274,352148%39,041,93295%Gross (loss)/profit2,316,13712%11,511,81648%2,158,2725%Operating expensesDistribution and selling expenses2,670,95514%3,265,38014%3,606,0109%Administrative expenses4,907,02026%4,879,39721%3,543,9939%Total operating expenses7,577,97541%8,144,77634%7,150,00317%Other income122,1391%461,5642%555,0511%Other gains and losses13,522,30073%122,2441%11,123,76727%Loss from operations23,294,273126%19,317,27281%15,560,44738%Finance costs96,4441%96,3850%71,7830%Change in fair value of warrant liabilities00%00%3,4090%Loss before tax23,390,717126%19,413,65782%15,628,82138%Income tax5,422,11929%4,598,06119%3,726,1339%Loss for the year17,968,59897%14,815,59662%11,902,68829%46Table of ContentsA breakdown of revenue, percentage of revenue and percentage of gross margin by segment for the respective periods is as follows:BybusinessDistribution networkCorporate storesOEMConsolidatedYear endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Sales toexternalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205% of Sales73%63%78%13%29%13%14%7%9%100%100%100%Segmentsgrossmargins2,245,9442,277,8586,623,6175,402,99414,291,6805,727,349845,700502,0071,262,0052,316,13611,511,8162,158,273Grossmarginrate17%15%21%227%205%104%33%29%36%12%48%5%Segment salesFor the year ended December 31, 2018, total revenue decreased by 22% from $23.8 million in 2017 to $18.5 million. Our total revenue of 2017 decreased by 33% from$41.2 million to $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company reports financial and operating results in three segments: distributor network,corporate stores and OEM.Distributor Network —Revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2018 decreased by 10% from $15 million in 2017 to $13 million primarily due to adecrease in sales volume. There was a decrease of revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2017 by 53% from $32.1 million in year 2016 primarily dueto a decrease in sales volume. The distributor segment accounted for 73% of the total revenue in 2018, compared to 63% and 78% during years 2017 and 2016,respectively.In year 2018, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network increased to 17% from 15% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price of newproducts. The sales went down in year 2018 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstockduring previous periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.47Table of ContentsIn year 2017, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network decreased to 15% from 21% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price, and thesales went down in year 2017 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstock duringprevious periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.The Company’s distributor network currently consists of 11 distributors in 12 provinces. Most of these distributors, either directly or through their subdistributors,operate KBSbranded stores. Some wholesale distributors sold the products to multibranded stores and online stores. As of December 31, 2018, distributorsoperated a total of 32 KBSbranded stores, primarily in second and third tier cities. KBS products distributed to the fourth and fifth tier cities are primarily sold inmultibranded department stores.Corporate Stores — Total revenue from corporate store sale for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $6.98 million for year 2017. In 2018 sales fromcorporate store decreased as compared to 2017 due to a decrease in promotion sales of repurchased inventory from certain distributors which are unable to pay offthe debts owed to us.Total revenue from corporate store sales for fiscal year 2017 was $6.98 million, compared to $5.53 million for year 2016. In 2017 sales from corporate stores increasedas compared to 2016 due to an increase in sales volume, which in turn was mainly attributable to the increase in promotion sales on repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors which are unable to pay off the debts owed to us.As of December 31, 2018, we operated 1 corporate store which located in Fujian. Total revenue from corporate store sales of 2018 decreased as compared to 2017because of the decrease the promotion sales of repurchased inventory.The corporate store segment contributed 14% of total revenue in 2018, compared to 29% of 2017 and 13% of 2016. Gross profit margin for the Company’s corporatestore was 232% in 2018, compared to 205% in 2017 and 104% in 2016. The margin compression from 2016 to 2018 is primarily due to: 1) close of 1 corporate store in2016 and the sale of its inventory at a lower price; 2) reduction of sale price of our goods in corporate stores to stimulate sales; 3) loss from sales of repurchasedinventory from certain distributors which sold at big discounted price in year 2017 and year 2018.OEM — The OEM segment is comprised of products that are designed by the customers but manufactured by us. Revenue from the OEM segment increased by$0.83 million to $2.57 million for year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017. Gross profit margin increased to 33%from 29% of year 2017. Revenue from the OEM segment decreased by $1.79 million to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $3.53 million foryear ended December 31, 2016. Gross profit margin decreased to 29% from 36% of year 2016. Our revenues from sales of OEM represented 14%, 9% and 9%,respectively of our total revenues for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.Cost of sales and gross profit rateCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for production purpose,outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges and water and electricity.Our cost of sales decreased from $35 million in year 2017 to $21 million in year 2018. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017.The gross profit rate increased from 48% in year 2017 to 12% in year 2018 due to 1) a decrease in the number of promotion sales in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, whichcaused a loss at RMB 40 million; 2) the higher price of updated new products and improvement of products quality; 3) higher profit margin of OEM segments due tolower amortized fixed fees from big orders from certain customers. In order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continuedoperation, we decided to continue to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors in 2018 and thereafter.48Table of ContentsOur cost of sales decreased from $39 million in year 2016 to $35 million in year 2017. The decrease was consistent with the decrease in our revenue, which resulted ina decrease in purchases by $7 million. The decrease in purchases was mainly due to a challenging retail environment and close of some stores.The gross profit rate decreased from 5% in year 2016 to 48% in year 2017 due to 1) a decrease in the number of our franchised stores from 55 as of December 31,2016 to 40 as of December 31, 2017; 2) in order to make more fair and friendly business environment for our all distributors, we adjusted our price policy to havesame price to our district distributors and province distributors in 2017, the price sell to the district distributor is lower than before. 3) a slowdown in demand inmenswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and our distributors faceddifficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 141.42 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million. Although we are not contractually obligated to buy back the excessiveinventory from any our distributors, in order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continued operation, we decided to do same in2017 to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors and we may implement similar plans in the following years.Administrative expensesAdministrative expenses increased by $0.02 million or 1% to $4.9 million for year 2018 from $4.88 million for 2017. The change was mainly due to the decrease ofoutsourcing design expense and the increase of the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Administrative expenses increased by $1.34 million or 37% to $4.88 million for year 2017 from $3.54 million for 2016. The increase was mainly due to the increase indesign staff expenses and the increase attributable to the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Distribution and selling expensesThe selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.59 million or 18% to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $ 3.2 million in 2017, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expense, products promotion expenses and entertainment expenses.The selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.34 million or 9.45% to $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $ 3.6 million in 2016, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expenses and promotion expense of products including placement order meeting expense.The advertisement expenses of 2018, 2017 and 2016 are relatively even and selling expenses accounted for 6.6%, 7.5% and 9% for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Other gains and lossesOther gains and losses increased by $13.4 million, or 10,875%, to $13.52 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $0.12 million for year 2017. The increasewas mainly due to the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value.Other gains and losses decreased by $11 million, or 98.9%, to $0.12 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $11.1 million for year 2016. The decrease wasmainly due to the fact that there was no additional provision on bad debts from three clients as in 2016.Profit for the yearWe had a loss of $18 million in 2018 as compared to a loss of $14.81 million for 2017, representing a decrease of profit of $3 million or 21%. Net margin was 97% forthe year ended December 31, 2018, compared to 62% for the year ended December 31, 2017.49Table of ContentsWe had a loss of $14.81 million in 2017 as compared to a loss of $11.9 million for 2016, representing a decrease of profit of $2.91 million or 25%. Net margin was 62%for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 29% for the year ended December 31, 2016.Profit for the year decreased from 2018 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons:(1)the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value (2) thedistribution and selling expenses decreased to a small portion of total revenue and the revenue also decreased compared to year ended December 31, 2017; (3) aslowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brands, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling products and paying back the balance owed to us. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 40 million.Profit for the year decreased from 2016 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons: (1) the administrative expenses increased to a large portion of total revenue; and(2) slowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 141.42 millionfrom certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million.B.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesAs of December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $21,026,103. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and cash in the banks. Webelieve that our current levels of cash and cash equivalent and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next12 months. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through net cash flow from operations. Our cash flows are driven by key performance indicatorsincluding the number of orders placed by distributors, number of outlets that each distributor operates the pricing of our products, sales of our corporate stores, andthe collect portion of account receivable. Currently there is only minimal cash held by offshore subsidiaries and there is no need for these subsidiaries to transfercash to Hongri PRC.The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this report:Fiscal Year Ended December 31201820172016Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(3,703,354)$1,922,252$3,194,287Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities52,932(865,365)45,445Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(3,907,291)(39,024)4,919,241Effects of exchange rate change in cash(1,117,062)1,513,138(1,556,980)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080Cash and cash equivalent at end of the period$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,34150Table of ContentsOperating ActivitiesThe net cash provided by operating activities consists of profit before tax, as adjusted by finance costs, change in fair value of warrant liabilities, interest income,shared based compensation, bad debt allowance, depreciation of property, plant and equipment, amortization of prepaid lease payment and trademark, amortizationof subsidies prepaid to distributors, amortization of prepayment and premiums under operating leases, provision(Reversal) of inventory obsolescence, provision ofimpairment loss in prepayments, loss(gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment, deferred income tax, which include trade and other receivables, prepaymentand deferred expenses, inventory, trade and other payables.Net cash used in operating activities in fiscal year 2018 was $3.7 million, compared with net cash provided by operating activities of $1.9 million in the year endedDecember 31, 2017. The change is mainly due to the increase of provision of Anhui property and the increase of deferred tax due to the loss of fiscal year 2018.Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.9 million, compared with $3.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2016. The change is mainlydue to the decrease in the amount of collection of account receivable.Investing ActivitiesNet cash provided by investing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.05 million, compared with $0.8 million net cash used in investing activities in 2017. The net cashprovided in investing activities in 2018 was interest received from our bank deposits.Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $0.8 million, compared with $0.04 million net cash provided by investing activities in 2016. The net cashused in investing activities in 2017 was to purchase fire protection facility.Financing ActivitiesNet cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.26 million, compared with $1.1 million net cash used in financing activities in 2017. It mainly consistedof repayment of bank loans in 2018.Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.1 million, compared with $1.68 million net cash provided by financing activities in 2016. It mainlyconsisted of interests paid for our bank loans.Loans, Other Commitments, ContingenciesAs of December 31, 2018, we had bank loans in an amount of $1,092,785. We may, however, in the future, require additional cash resources due to changing businessconditions, implementation of our strategy to expand our business or other investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our own financial resources areinsufficient to satisfy the capital requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain additional credit facilities. The sale of additionalequity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require usto agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overallbusiness prospects.C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.Our industry is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and changing customer demands. These conditions require continuousexpenditures on product research and development to enhance existing products create new products and avoid product obsolescence. See Item 3 “Key Information—D. Risk Factors—If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected,” —“Ifwe are unable to keep pace with the rapid technological changes in our industry, demand for our products and services could decline which would adversely affectour revenue,” and —“Our technology may become obsolete which could materially adversely affect our ability to sell our products and services.” For a detailedanalysis of research and development costs, see Item 5.A. “Operating Results—Results of Operations—Research and development expenses”.D.Trend InformationOther than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that wouldcause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.E.Off Balance Sheet ArrangementsWe do not have any off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes infinancial condition, sales or expenses, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures, or capital resources that are material to an investment in our securities.51Table of ContentsF.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual ObligationsThe table below shows our material contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018.Payments Due by PeriodLess than1 year13 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsContractual ObligationsConstruction Obligations$64,088,236Operating Lease Obligations$78,532146,7052,225,030Total$64,166,768146,7052,225,030Anhui Factory Construction ContractOn November 20, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party for the construction of a new plant with a total size of 110,557 square meters, atTaihu City, Anhui at a consideration of RMB 690 million (equivalent to approximately $104 million). This is the frame contract for the construction of Anhui factoryand round estimation. By December 31, 2016 we had already paid about $37.75 million in total on the phase 1, 2, 3 of construction based on detailed phase contractand the balance of construction cost of the Anui factory need to be determined based on the ontime budget on every phase. The majority of funds for constructionexpenses came from the cash balance on the account as of December 31, 2018 and the new profit of following year.Anhui Land Use Right Acquisition ContractOn September 2, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party to acquire a land use right in relation to the development of factories in Taihu City,Anhui Province, at a total consideration of RMB 43 million (approximately $6.3 million). Full consideration was paid in September 2010. There are three parts of theland. The Company has obtained land use rights certificates for the first parcel of land with 7,405 square meters on March 19, 2012, and the second parcel of landwith 2,440 square meters on May 26, 2012. The Company is currently in the process of obtaining the land use right certificate for the third parcel of the land with100,712 square meters.Except as set forth above, we have no other material longterm debt, capital or operating lease or fixed purchase obligations.InflationInflation and changing prices have not had a material effect on our business, and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect ourbusiness in the foreseeable future. However, our management will closely monitor price changes in the Chinese economy and the apparel industry and continuallymaintain effective cost controls in operations.52Table of ContentsSeasonalityOur business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal. Historically, we have realized more of our revenue and earnings in the fourth quarter, which includes themajority of the holiday shopping season, than in any other fiscal quarter.Critical Accounting PoliciesThe preparation of financial statements is in conformity with IFRS as issued by the IASB. It requires the Company’s management to make assumptions, estimatesand judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. The Company hasidentified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of Company’s financial statements. These accounting policies are important for anunderstanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of theCompany’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to makeestimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitivebecause of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly frommanagement’s current judgments. The Company believes the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in thepreparation of the Company’s financial statements.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects the considerationto which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled in exchange fortransferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that asignificant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration issubsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to the customerfor more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would be reflected in a separatefinancing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financing component which provides theCompany a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interest expense accreted on the contract liabilityunder the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services is oneyear or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component, using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of the goods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receiptsover the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.53Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with thedividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. Revenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer. Revenue from allabove categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of thetransaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered and title has passed.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting the deductible inputVAT of the period, is VAT payable.54Table of ContentsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial periodof time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use orsale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal government retirementbenefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fund their retirementbenefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal government takes responsibility for theretirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly, the only obligation of the Groupwith respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employment with the Group. There are no provisionsunder the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans are considered defined contribution plans. The Grouphas no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixed contributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pensionschemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service is performed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised inother comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Groupoperates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable taxregulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred taxassets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which thosedeductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or fromthe initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accountingprofit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able to control thereversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising fromdeductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profitsagainst which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.55Table of ContentsThe carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficienttaxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based ontax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assetsreflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carryingamount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when thedeferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities wherethere is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, inwhich case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arisesfrom the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.Store preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll and supplies.The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenses when occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases areclassified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes. Leaseholdimprovements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes other thanconstruction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful lives and aftertaking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction in progressis carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment whencompleted and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for theirintended use.56Table of ContentsAn item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of theasset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) isincluded in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.The Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights to use theland on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizable valuerepresents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fair valuethrough profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model formanaging them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the practicalexpedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus in the case of a financialasset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group hasapplied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance with the policies set out for “Revenue recognition(applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cash flowsthat are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established by regulation orconvention in the marketplace.57Subsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognised inthe income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversals arerecognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair value changes arerecognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive income is recycled to theincome statement.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under HKAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. The classification isdetermined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statement when theright of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and the amount of the dividendcan be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains arerecorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income are not subject to impairmentassessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value throughprofit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for thepurpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading unless they aredesignated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interest are classified and measured atfair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to be classified at amortised cost or at fairvalue through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition ifdoing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.58Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in theincome statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separate derivative if theeconomic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet thedefinition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changesin fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cashflows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between thecontractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the originaleffective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to thecontractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are providedfor credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been asignificant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespectiveof the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. When making theassessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on thefinancial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort,including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider afinancial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full beforetaking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering thecontractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the general approach andthey are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach as detailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured at anamount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets and for whichthe loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the loss allowance ismeasured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs59Simplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of asignificant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not track changes incredit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on itshistorical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt the simplifiedapproach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed from theGroup’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to what extent, ithas retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset nortransferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Groupalso recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that theGroup has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and the maximumamount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’sfinancial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.Subsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method unless theeffect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement when the liabilities arederecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.60Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantiallymodified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference between therespective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right tooffset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to the contractualprovisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financialassets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.The Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. Theeffective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of theeffective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, where appropriate, a shorter period tothe net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.61Table of ContentsReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including trade and otherreceivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment (seeaccounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a resultof one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have been affected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequently assessed forimpairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience of collecting payments,and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national or local economic conditions thatcorrelate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between the asset’scarrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.The carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables, where thecarrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized in profit or loss. When atrade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off arecredited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment losseswas recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset at the date theimpairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.G.Safe HarborSee “Introductory Notes—ForwardLooking Information.”62Table of ContentsITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEESA.Directors and Senior ManagementThe following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors and senior management, as well as employees upon whose work we are dependent, as ofthe date of this annual report.NAMEAGEPOSITIONKeyan Yan47Chairman and Chief Executive OfficerThemis Kalapotharakos44Executive DirectorLixiaTu37Chief Financial Officer and DirectorJohn Sano49Independent DirectorMatthew C. Los54Independent DirectorZhongmin Zhang76Independent DirectorYuet Mei Chan38Independent DirectorMr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has been the Chairman of our board of directors and Chief Executive Officer since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr.Yan has over 16 years of senior management experience. He served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of KBS International between March 2011 and August2014. From 1994 to present, Mr. Yan has served as general manager of Hongri PRC. Prior to joining us, Mr. Yan served as workshop manager, production managerand marketing manager of Zhenshi Knitting Factory in Shishi, China from 19891994. Mr. Yan obtained a certificate of corporate management from Xiamen Universityin 1992.Ms. Lixia Tu. Ms. Tu became the Company’s Chief Financial Officer on June 25, 2015. Ms. Tu has more than night years of accounting and audit experience, familiarwith IFRS, US GAAP, SarbanesOxley and the compliance requirements of SEC. After she worked as a project manager at BDO China Fu Jian SHU LUN PANCertified Public Accountants for four years, she worked as a CFO or a financial consultant for some other companies. Ms. Tu holds a Master’s degree inprofessional accounting from the University of Deakin in Australia. Ms. Tu is also a member of the Chartered Association of Certified Accountants.Mr. Themis Kalapotharakos. Mr. Kalapotharakos became our executive director on June 15, 2015. Mr. Kalapotharakos has acquired a range of expertise of a widespectrum of business activities. He has extensive highlevel experience at the Shipping, Trading and Finance industries where he has founded, developed andoperated various businesses starting from the ground up. His roles involved regular communication and coordination with investors, financial institutions, capitalmarket authorities, custodian and administrative banks, auditors and legal counsel. He holds a Bachelor’s degree from Cardiff University and an MSc Degree fromCass Business School in the UK.John Sano. Mr. Sano has been an independent director of the Company since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr. Sano has over 20 years ofexperience in apparel & home furnishings concept, design, sourcing, production, and ecommerce. He has extensive experience in all aspects of the retail clothingsupply chain, from conceptualization to final production and distribution. Mr. Sano has also advised and worked closely with numerous top brands in the US. Hehas been General Director of Sano Design Services since 2002. Mr. Sano has an associate’s degree in interior design from Traphagen School of Design.Mr. Matthew C. Los. Mr. Los became our director on October 8, 2015. Mr. Los has acquired a range of expertise of a wide spectrum of business activities. He hasover 20 years’ experience at high level management, and has founded, developed and operated various businesses in the shipping, energy, telecommunications realestate industries starting from the ground up. He also has experience in the capital markets and was the CEO of Aquasition Corp., the predecessor of the Company,prior to the Share Exchange. Mr. Los has a BSc in Mechanical Engineering and Computer Aided Design from University of Westminster in the UK.Mr. Zhongmin Zhang. Mr. Zhang became our director on July 10, 2017. He has over 45 years of extensive experience in many facets of textile business, including inproduction, marketing, and management. Currently, Mr. Zhang is the president of Zhengzhou Guangda Textile Printing & Dyeing Co., Ltd. which has an annualproduction of 216 million meters of various textile products, with a value of RMB 800 million. Holding a title of Senior Engineer, Mr. Zhang graduated from HarbinInstitute of Technology in 1965. He also has certificates in finance management and civil law.Mr. Yuet Mei Chan. Ms. Chan became our director on July 10, 2017. She has over 15 years of experience in the banking industry. She held several senior positions ina prestigious bank in Hong Kong from 20012016. She is currently a financial consultant at AIA and specializes in analyzing financial situations and market trends.Ms. Chan holds a diploma in Computing and Business Studies from Hong Kong St. Perth College.No family relationship exists between any of the persons named above.63Table of ContentsB.CompensationIn 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $207,268 in cash as compensation to our directors and senior management as a group, and some of our directors andexecutive officers also received compensation in the form of annual salaries and bonuses. We do not set aside or accrue any amounts for pension, retirement orother benefits for our directors and senior management. However, we reimburse our directors for outofpocket expenses incurred in connection with their services insuch capacity.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to our executive officers and directors as compensations for theirservices. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to the Company’s executiveofficers, directors and certain employees as compensations for their service. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.2018 Equity Incentive PlanOn December 24, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2018 Plan, pursuant to which the Company may offerup to two million shares of common stock as equity incentives to its directors, employees and consultants. Such number of shares is subject to adjustment in theevent of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, stock splits, stock dividends, or other change in the corporate structure of the Companyaffecting the shares issuable under the 2018 Plan. As of December 31, 2018, we have not granted any equity awards under the 2018 Plan.The following paragraphs summarize the terms of our 2018 Plan:Purpose. The purposes of the 2018 Plan are to promote the longterm growth and profitability of the Company and its affiliates by stimulating the efforts ofemployees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates who are selected to be participants, aligning the longterm interests of participants with thoseof shareholders, heightening the desire of participants to continue in working toward and contributing to our success, attracting and retaining the best availablepersonnel for positions of substantial responsibility, and generally providing additional incentive for them to promote the success of our business through the grantof awards of or pertaining to our common stock. The 2018 Plan permits the grant of ISOs, NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share AppreciationRights, Performance Units and Performance Shares as the administrator of the 2018 Plan may determine.Administration. The 2018 Plan is administered by our Board. The administrator has the authority to determine the specific terms and conditions of all awards grantedunder the 2018 Plan, including, without limitation, the number of shares of common stock subject to each award, the price to be paid for the shares and the applicablevesting criteria. The administrator has discretion to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2018 Plan.Eligibility. NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share Appreciation Rights, Performance Units and Performance Shares may be granted to employees,directors or consultants either alone or in combination with any other awards. ISOs may be granted only to employees of the Company, and of any parent orsubsidiary.Shares Available for Issuance Under the 2018 Plan. Subject to adjustment as described below, (a) the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issuedunder the 2018 Plan is 2,000,000 shares of common stock, (b) to the extent consistent with Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the“Code”), not more than an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of common stock may be issued under ISOs, and (c) not more than 200,000 shares of common stock (or forawards denominated in cash, the Fair Market Value of 200,000 shares of common stock on the Grant Date, as defined in the 2018 Plan), may be awarded to anyindividual participant in the aggregate in any one fiscal year of the Company, such limitation to be applied in a manner consistent with the requirements of, and onlyto the extent required for compliance with, the exclusion from the limitation on deductibility of compensation under Code Section 162(m). The number and class ofshares available under the 2018 Plan are subject to adjustment in the event of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, share splits, sharedividends, or other similar events which change the number or kind of shares outstanding.64Table of ContentsTransferability. Unless otherwise provided in the 2018 Plan or otherwise determined by the administrator, an award may not be sold, pledged, assigned,hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution and may be exercised, during the lifetime of theparticipant, only by the participant. However, the administrator may, at or after the grant of an award other than an ISO, provide that such award may be transferredby the recipient to a “family member” (as defined in the 2018 Plan); provided, however, that any such transfer is without payment of any consideration whatsoeverand that no transfer shall be valid unless first approved by the administrator, acting in its sole discretion, and as required by our Amended and Restated Articles ofIncorporation. If the administrator makes an award transferable, such award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the administrator deemsappropriate.Termination of, or Amendments to, the 2018 Plan. The Board may at any time amend, alter, suspend or terminate the 2018 Plan, provided that the Company willobtain shareholder approval of any 2018 Plan amendment to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with applicable Laws. No amendment, alteration,suspension or termination of the 2018 Plan will impair the rights of any participant, unless mutually agreed otherwise between the participant and the administrator,which agreement must be in writing and signed by the participant and the Company. Termination of the 2018 Plan will not affect the administrator’s ability to exercisethe powers granted to it hereunder with respect to awards granted prior to the date of such termination.The 2018 Plan will terminate five years following the date it was adopted by the Board, unless sooner terminated by the Board.Employment AgreementsPlease refer to Item 10 “Additional Information—C. Material Contracts.”C.Board PracticesOur board of directors currently consists of seven members, Keyan Yan, Lixia Tu, John Sano, Themis Kalapotharakos, Matthew C. Los, Yuet Mei Chan andZhongmin Zhang.The Board has established the Audit Committee, which is comprised entirely of independent directors. From time to time, the Board may establish other committees.Audit CommitteeOur Audit Committee is currently composed of three members: Yuet Mei Chan, John Sano and Matthew C. Los. Our Board of Directors determined that each memberof the Audit Committee meets the independence criteria prescribed by applicable regulation and the rules of the SEC for audit committee membership. Each AuditCommittee member also meets NASDAQ’s financial literacy requirements. Matthew C. Los serves as Chair of the Audit Committee.Our Board of Directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is the “audit committee financial expert” as such term is defined in Item 407(d) of Regulation SKpromulgated by the SEC and also meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements.The Audit Committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our Company. The Audit Committee isresponsible for, among other things:●the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the independent auditor;●reviewing and preapproving all auditing services and permissible nonaudit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed by theindependent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed relatedparty transactions;●discussing the interim and annual financial statements with management and our independent auditors;●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor (a) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls, (b) theCompany’s internal audit procedures, and (c) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, and managementreports thereon;65Table of Contents●reviewing reported violations of the Company’s code of conduct and business ethics; and●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor various topics and events that may have significant financial impact on theCompany or that are the subject of discussions between management and the independent auditors.D.EmployeesAs of December 31, 2018, we employed 370 fulltime employees. The following table sets forth the number of our fulltime employees by function. FunctionNumber ofEmployeesManagement and Administration28Marketing, Sales and Distribution18Design and Product Development20Production281Procurement, Warehousing and Logistics19Quality and Assurance7TOTAL370We believe that we have maintained a satisfactory working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any significant labor disputes or anydifficulty in recruiting staff for company’s operations. None of company’s employees is represented by a labor union.Our employees in China participate in a state pension plan organized by Chinese municipal and provincial governments. The company is required to make monthlycontributions to the plan for each employee at the rate of 23% of his or her average assessable salary. In addition, the company is required by Chinese law to coveremployees in China with various types of social insurance. The company believes that it is in material compliance with the relevant PRC laws.E.Share OwnershipThe following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of each class of our voting securities as of April 26, 2019 (i) by each person who is knownby us to beneficially own more than 5% of our voting securities; (ii) by each of our officers and directors; and (iii) by all of our officers and directors as a group.NameOffice, If AnyTitle of ClassAmount andNature ofBeneficialOwnership(1)Percent ofClass(2)Officers and DirectorsKeyan Yan(3)Chairman, CEO and PresidentCommon Stock964,32037.21%Lixia TuChief Financial Officer and DirectorCommon Stock60,0002.32%Themis KalapotharakosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%John SanoDirectorCommon Stock5,0000.19%Matthew C. LosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%Zhongmin ZhangDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%Yuet Mei ChanDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%All officers and directors as a group (7 personsnamed above)1,129,32043.58%5% Security HoldersKeyan Yan (3)Common Stock964,32037.21%Alliance Investment Management Limited(4)Common Stock195,488(4)7.54%*Less than 1%(1)Beneficial Ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Eachof the beneficial owners listed above has direct ownership of and sole voting power and investment power with respect to our common stock.66Table of Contents(2)As of April 26, 2019, a total of 2,591,299 shares of commons stock are considered to be outstanding pursuant to SEC Rule 13d3(d)(1). For each Beneficial Ownerabove, any securities that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days have been included in the denominator.(3)Includes 20,000 shares of common stock owned by Bizhen Chen, Mr. Yan’s wife.(4)Based solely on Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on August 8, 2018, in which Alliance Investment Management reported it has sole voting and dispositivepower with respect to 195,488 shares of our common stock. The address of the reporting person is 7 Belmont Road, Kingston, Jamaica.None of our existing shareholders has voting rights that differ from the voting rights of other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at asubsequent date, result in our change in control.ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSA.Major ShareholdersPlease refer to Item 6 “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.”B.Related Party TransactionsFrom time to time, KBS and its subsidiaries borrowed money from our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Keyan Yan, to pay for Company expenses. Theseamounts are interestfree, unsecured and repayable on demand. In years 2017 and 2016, Mr. Yan paid all the Company expenses in connection with the Company’sNasdaq continued listing and SEC reporting out of his pocket. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of these amounts we borrowed from Mr. Yan was$485,302 and $35,483, respectively.C.Interests of Experts and CounselNot applicable.ITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATIONA.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial InformationFinancial StatementsWe have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this report. See Item 18 “Financial Statements.”Legal Proceedings We may be subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our business from time to time. We are currently not party to anylegal or arbitration proceedings, including those relating to bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings and those involving any third party, which may have, orhave had in the recent past, significant effects on our financial position or profitability.Dividend PolicyTo date, we have not paid any cash dividends on our shares. As a Marshall Islands company, we may only declare and pay dividends except when the corporationis insolvent or would thereby be made insolvent or when the declaration or payment would be contrary to any restrictions contained in our Articles ofIncorporation. Dividends may be declared and paid out of surplus only; but in case there is no surplus, dividends may be declared or paid out of the net profits forthe fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and for the preceding fiscal year. We currently anticipate that we will retain any available funds to finance thegrowth and operation of our business and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our cash held in foreign countriesmay be subject to certain control limitations or repatriation requirements, limiting our ability to use this cash to pay dividends.67Table of ContentsB.Significant ChangesNo significant change has occurred since the date of our consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTINGA.Offer and Listing DetailsOur common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market and trade under the symbol “KBSF.” Between January 23, 2013 and November 3, 2014, our commonstock was traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “AQU.” Our Warrants and Units are quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “KBSFW”and “KBSFU”, respectively. Prior to November 3, 2014, our Warrants and Units were quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “AQUUF” and “AQUUU”,respectively. Before their quotation on the OTC Markets, our Units commenced to trade on the Nasdaq Stock Market on October 26, 2012 and our Warrantscommenced to trade separately from its Units on January 23, 2013.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.Approximate Number of Holders of Our SecuritiesOn April 26, 2019, there was 1 holder of record of our Units, 359 shareholders of record of our common stock and 1 holder of record of our Warrants. Certain of oursecurities are held in nominee or street name so the actual number of beneficial owners of our securities is greater than the number of record holders set forth above.B.Plan of DistributionNot applicable.C.MarketsSee our disclosures above under “A. Offer and Listing Details.”D.Selling ShareholdersNot applicable. E.DilutionNot applicable.F.Expenses of the IssueNot applicable.68Table of ContentsITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONA.Share CapitalOur Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation authorize the Company to issue up to 155,000,000 shares with a par value of $0.0001, consisting of 150,000,000shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of date of this report, there are 2,591,299 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Wehave never issued any preferred stock.●As of date of this report, we have 717 IPO Units outstanding.●As of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding (including 369,302 IPO Warrants and 24,534 Placement Warrants), each warrant entitles theholder to purchase one share of common stock at a purchase price of $172.5.B.Memorandum and Articles of AssociationThe following represents a summary of certain key provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. The summary does not purport to be a summary of allof the provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. For more complete information you should read our amended and restated articles ofincorporation and bylaws, each listed as an exhibit to this report.We were incorporated in the Marshall Islands on January 26, 2012 under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BCA”). The purpose of the Company isto engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may now or hereafter be organized under the BCA. Our amended and restated articles of incorporationand bylaws do not impose any limitations on the ownership rights of our stockholders.Description of Common StockEach outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Upon our dissolution, liquidation orwinding up of the affairs of the Company, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidationpreferences, if any, the holders or our common stock will be entitled to receive pro rata our remaining assets available for distribution. Holders of common stock donot have conversion, redemption or preemptive rights to subscribe to any of our securities.Blank Check Preferred Stock.Our Board of Directors is authorized, without any further vote or action by our stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in different classesand series and, with respect to each class or series, to determine the designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights,conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the powers and rights associated with the common stock,at such times and on such other terms as they think proper. Our Board of Directors may issue shares of preferred stock on terms calculated to discourage, delay orprevent a change of control of our company or the removal of our management.WarrantsAs of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding, among which 369,302 warrants were issued to the public in our IPO (the “IPO Warrants”). Each ofthe IPO Warrants entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.5 expiring on July 31, 2019, provided that there is an effectiveregistration statement covering the shares of common stock underlying the IPO Warrants.69Table of ContentsThe Company may redeem the IPO Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon 30 days’ notice, after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, only inthe event that the last sale price of the shares of common stock is at least $17.50 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30trading day period (“30Day TradingPeriod”) ending three business days prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is a current registration statement in effect with respectto the shares of common stock underlying such IPO Warrants throughout the 30day redemption period. The Company is only required to use its best efforts tomaintain the effectiveness of the registration statement covering the underlying common stock of the IPO Warrants. There are no contractual penalties for failure todeliver securities if a registration statement is not effective at the time of exercise. Additionally, in the event that a registration statement is not effective at the time ofexercise, the holder of such warrant shall not be entitled to exercise such warrant for cash and in no event (whether in the case of a registration statement not beingeffective or otherwise) will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrant exercise.In addition, Aqua Investments Corp., an entity controlled by certain founding shareholders of the Company, acquired 24,534 warrants, each entitles the holder topurchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50, expiring on July 31, 2019 (the “Placement Warrants”). The Placement Warrants are identical to the IPOWarrants except that the Placement Warrants (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis; (ii) will not be redeemable by the Company and (ii) may beexercised even if there is not an effective registration statement relating to the shares underlying the warrants, so long as they are held by the initial purchaser orany of its permitted transferees.As of date of this report, we also have 717 IPO Units outstanding and publicly trading, each including one IPO Warrant and one share of our common stock.DirectorsThe business and affairs of the Company are managed by or under the direction of our Board of Directors.Our directors are elected by the holders of the shares representing a majority of the total voting power of the thenoutstanding capital stock of the Company entitledto vote generally in the election of directors (“Voting Stock”). Our amended and restated articles of incorporation provide that cumulative voting shall not be used toelect directors. Each director will be elected to serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his/her successor shall have been duly elected andqualified, except in the event of his/her death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of his/her term of office.Any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of thetotal voting power of the Voting Stock entitled to vote thereon or with cause by directors constituting at least twothirds of the entire Board.Vacancies in the Board of Directors occurring by death, resignation, the creation of new directorships, the failure of the shareholders to elect the whole board at anyannual election of directors, or, except as herein provided, for any other reason, including removal of directors for cause, may be filled either by the affirmative voteof a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, at any special meeting called for that purpose or at any regular meeting of theBoard. Vacancies occurring by removal of directors without cause may be filled only by vote of the shareholders.Shareholder MeetingsAnnual stockholder meetings will be held at a time and place selected by our board of directors. The meetings may be held in or outside of the Marshall Islands.Under our amended and restated articles of incorporation, special meetings may be called by the board of directors, or by the secretary of the Company requestedby stockholders representing certain amount of voting power. Our board of directors shall give not less than 15 days and not more than 60 days prior written noticeof a shareholders’ meeting to each shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat and to each shareholder of record who, by reason of any action proposed at suchmeeting would be entitled to have his/her shares appraised if such action were taken, and the notice shall include a statement of that purpose and to that effect.Our bylaws provide that a meeting of shareholders is duly constituted if, at the commencement of the meeting, there are shareholders present in person or by proxyrepresenting not less than a majority of the votes of the shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on resolutions of shareholders to be considered at themeeting.70Table of ContentsIf a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of stock represented at the meeting will be the act of the shareholders. At any meeting ofshareholders, each shareholder entitled to vote any shares on any manner to be voted upon at such meeting shall be entitled to one vote on such matter for eachsuch share. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the action so taken, issigned by all the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof.Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal and Payment.Under the BCA, our stockholders have the right to dissent from various corporate actions, including any merger or sale of all or substantially all of our assets notmade in the usual course of our business, and receive payment of the fair value of their shares. However, the right of a dissenting stockholder to receive payment ofthe fair value of his or her shares shall not be available for any shares of stock of the constituent corporation surviving a merger if the merger did not require for itsapproval the vote of the stockholders of the surviving corporation. In the event of any further amendment of our articles of incorporation, a stockholder also has theright to dissent and receive payment for his or her shares if the amendment alters certain rights in respect of those shares. The dissenting stockholder must followthe procedures set forth in the BCA to receive payment. In the event that we and any dissenting stockholder fail to agree on a price for the shares, the BCAprocedures involve, among other things, the institution of proceedings in the circuit court in the judicial circuit in the Marshall Islands in which our Marshall Islandsoffice is situated. The value of the shares of the dissenting stockholder is fixed by the court after reference, if the court so elects, to the recommendations of a courtappointed appraiser.Stockholders’ Derivative ActionsUnder the BCA, any of our stockholders may bring an action in our name to procure a judgment in our favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that thestockholder bringing the action is a holder of common stock both at the time the derivative action is commenced and at the time of the transaction to which theaction relates.Indemnification of Officers and DirectorsThe BCA authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors and officers to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages forbreaches of directors’ fiduciary duties. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation include a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors formonetary damages for actions taken as a director to the fullest extent permitted by law. We must indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorizedby law. We are also expressly authorized to advance certain expenses (including attorneys’ fees and disbursements and court costs) to our directors and offices andcarry directors’ and officers’ insurance providing indemnification for our directors, officers and certain employees for some liabilities.The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws may discourage stockholders frombringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigationagainst directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. In addition, your investment may beadversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.C.Material ContractsWe have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in Item 4 “Information on theCompany,” Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations,” Item 7 “Major Shareholders and RelatedParty Transactions,” or filed (or incorporated by reference) as exhibits to this annual report or otherwise described or referenced in this annual report.D.Exchange ControlsMarshall Islands Exchange ControlsUnder Marshall Islands law, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect theremittance of dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our shares.71Table of ContentsBVI Exchange ControlsThere are no material exchange controls restrictions on payment of dividends, interest or other payments to the holders of our common stock or on the conduct ofour operations in the BVI, where we were incorporated. There are no material BVI laws that impose any material exchange controls on us or that affect the paymentof dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our common stock. BVI law and our memorandum and articles of association do not impose anymaterial limitations on the right of nonresidents or foreign owners to hold or vote our common stock.PRC Exchange ControlsRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued bySAFE and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade and service payments, payment ofinterest and dividends can be made without prior approval from SAFE by following the appropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMBinto foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRC for the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments,loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from SAFE or its local office.On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency Management Policy on Direct Investment, effective fromJune 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investmentfrom SAFE. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for the purpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed withqualified banks, which, under the supervision of SAFE, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise, or SAFE Circular 19,was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to SAFE Circular 19, a foreigninvested enterprise may, according to its actualbusiness needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchange bureau has confirmedmonetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the time being, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shall truthfully use itscapital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equity investment with theamount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open a corresponding Account forForeign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming andRegulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or SAFE Circular 16, was promulgated and became effective on June 9,2016. According to SAFE Circular 16, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreign currency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionarybasis. SAFE Circular 16 provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items (including but not limited to foreigncurrency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. SAFE Circular 16 reiterates the principle thatRenminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope andmay not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guarantee the principal within the PRCunless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless it is within the businessscope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Optimizing Genuineness and ComplianceVerification, or SAFE Circular 3, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits from domestic entities tooffshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution, original copies oftax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses before remitting any profits.Moreover, pursuant to SAFE Circular 3, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provide boardresolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.72Table of ContentsRegulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsSAFE issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special PurposeVehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issues Concerning theRegulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles, to regulateforeign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investment and financing orconduct round trip investment in China. SAFE Circular 37 defines a SPV as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly or indirectly, by PRC residents orentities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets or interests, while “round tripinvestment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through SPVs, namely, establishing foreigninvested enterprises to obtain theownership, control rights and management rights. SAFE Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into an SPV, PRC residents or entities be required tocomplete foreign exchange registration with SAFE or its local branch. In addition, SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving theAdministration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended SAFE Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015,requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.PRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to SPVs but had not obtained registration as required before theimplementation of the SAFE Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the SPVs with qualified banks. An amendment to the registration isrequired if there is a material change with respect to the SPV registered, such as any change of basic information (including change of the PRC residents, name andoperation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers or divisions. Failure to comply with the registrationprocedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclose controllers of the foreigninvestedenterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to itsoffshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities to penalties under PRC foreignexchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companiesby PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRCsubsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansSAFE promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan ofOverseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issued by SAFE in March 2007. Pursuant tothe Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residents participating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted companyare required to register with SAFE or its local branches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents mustconduct the SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of theoverseas publicly listed company or another qualified institution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevantSAFE registration should there be any material change to the stock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of thePRC residents who have the right to exercise the employee stock options, apply to SAFE or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreigncurrencies in connection with the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the saleof shares under the stock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRCopened by the PRC agents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.73Table of ContentsWe adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We have advised therecipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice. However, wecannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subjectthe PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016 respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014 respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our BVI holding company may rely on dividend payments from IST,which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on the ability of ourconsolidated VIEs to make remittance to IST and on the ability of IST to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations ofthose entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends andother distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you,and otherwise fund and conduct our business”E.TaxationThe following is a general summary of the material Marshall Islands, Hong Kong, BVI, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to an investmentin our units, shares of common stock and warrants to acquire our shares of common stock, sometimes referred to collectively in this summary as our “securities”.The discussion is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal or tax advice to any particular prospective purchaser. The discussion is based on lawsand relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change or different interpretations, possibly withretroactive effect. The discussion does not address United States state or local tax laws, or tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Marshall Islands, Hong Kong,the BVI, the PRC and the United States. We recommend that you consult your own tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquisition, ownership anddisposition of our securities.Marshall Islands TaxationThe following are the material Marshall Islands tax consequences of our activities to us and to our stockholders and warrant holders of investing in our CommonStock and warrants. Under current Marshall Islands law, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains, and no Marshall Islands withholding tax or income taxwill be imposed upon payments of dividends by us to our stockholders or proceeds from the disposition of our common stock and warrants, provided suchstockholders or warrant holders, as the case may be, are not residents in the Marshall Islands. There is no tax treaty between the United States and the Republic ofthe Marshall Islands.BVI TaxationThe BVI does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid to us by our BVI subsidiary, nor does the BVI levy any capital gains or income taxes on us or our BVIsubsidiary. However, our BVI subsidiary is required to pay the BVI government an annual license fee based on the number of shares it is authorized to issue.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the BVI.74Table of ContentsHong Kong TaxationOur Hong Kong subsidiaries, under the current laws of Hong Kong, are subject to profits tax of 16.5%. No provision for Hong Kong profits tax has been made asour Hong Kong subsidiaries have no taxable income.PRC TaxationWe are a holding company incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which indirectly holds our equity interests in our PRC operating subsidiaries. The EIT Law and itsimplementation rules, both of which became effective as of January 1, 2008, provide that a PRC enterprise is subject to a standard income tax rate of 25% and Chinasourced income of foreign enterprises, such as dividends paid by a PRC subsidiary to its overseas parent, will normally be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of10%, unless there are applicable treaties between the overseas parent’s jurisdiction of incorporation and China to reduce such rate.Under the Arrangement between the Mainland and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention ofFiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, or the Double Taxation Arrangement, effective as of January 1, 2007, such dividend withholding tax rate is reducedto 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns over 25% of the PRC company distributing the dividends. Under the aforesaid arrangement, any dividends that ourPRC operating subsidiaries pay to their Hong Kong holding companies may be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 5% if they are not considered to be a PRC“resident enterprise” as described below. However, if the Hong Kong holdings companies are not considered to be the “beneficial owner” of such dividends underthe Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties promulgated by the State Administration of Taxation on October 27,2009 (and not a PRC “resident enterprise”), such dividends would be subject to the withholding tax rate of 10%. The withholding tax rate of 5% or 10% applicablewill have a significant impact on the amount of dividends to be received by us and ultimately by shareholders.According to the Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties, the term “beneficial owner” refers to a person who hasthe right to own and dispose of the income and the rights or properties generated from the said income. The “beneficial owner” may be an individual, a company orany other organization which is usually engaged in substantial business operations. A conduit company is not a “beneficial owner.” The term “conduit company”refers to a company which is usually established for purposes of dodging or reducing taxes, and transferring or accumulating profits. Such a company is onlyregistered in the country of domicile to satisfy the organizational form as required by law, but it does not engage in such substantial business operations asmanufacturing, distribution and management. As our Hong Kong holding companies are controlling companies and are not engaged in substantial businessoperations, they could be considered as conduit companies by tax authorities and we do not expect them to be a beneficial owner.In addition to the changes to the current tax structure, under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto management bodies” withinChina is considered a resident enterprise and will normally be subject to an EIT of 25% on its global income. The implementing rules define the term “de factomanagement bodies” as “an establishment that exercises, in substance, overall management and control over the production, business, personnel, accounting, etc.,of a Chinese enterprise.”It remains unclear whether the PRC tax authorities would require or permit our overseas registered entities to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. We do notcurrently consider our company to be a PRC resident enterprise. However, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterpriseincome tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on ourworldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on offering proceedsand nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although under the EIT Law and its implementing rulesdividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued guidance with respect to the processing ofoutbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidance issuedwith respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation in which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to our nonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC shareholders from transferring our shares.75Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income TaxationThe following is a discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our securities. It does notpurport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s situation. The discussion applies only toholders that hold their securities as capital assets (generally property held for investment) within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based on the Code, income tax regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial positions, published positions of theInternal Revenue Service, or the IRS, and other applicable authorities, all as in effect as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly withretroactive effect. This discussion is general in nature and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations, nor does the discussion address any state, local orforeign tax considerations or any U.S. tax considerations (e.g., estate or gift tax) other than U.S. federal income tax considerations, that may be applicable toparticular holders.This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant in light of particular circumstances, nor does it address the U.S.federal income tax consequences to persons who are subject to special rules under U.S. federal income tax law, including:●banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions;●persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;●taxexempt organizations;●controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid United States federal incometax;●certain former citizens or longterm residents of the United States;●dealers in securities or currencies;●traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting for their securities holdings;●persons that own, or are deemed to own, more than five percent of our capital stock;●holders who acquired our stock as compensation or pursuant to the exercise of a stock option; or●persons who hold our shares as a position in a hedging transaction, “straddle,” or other risk reduction transaction.For purposes of this discussion, a U.S. holder is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (ii) acorporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States (or treated assuch under applicable U.S. tax laws), any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardlessof its source; or (iv) a trust if (a) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have theauthority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) it has a valid election in effect under applicable law and regulations to be treated as a U.S. person forU.S. federal income tax purposes. A nonU.S. holder is a holder that is neither a U.S. holder nor a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S.federal income tax purposes.In the case of a partnership or entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally willdepend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal incometax consequences to them of the merger or of the ownership and disposition of our shares.As a result of consummation of the Share Exchange, (i) we acquired substantially all the properties of KBS International, a U.S. corporation, and (ii) the formershareholders of KBS International held at least 80 percent of our common stock by reason of having held stock of KBS International. Accordingly, under Section7874 of the Code, we are treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as a U.S. corporation and, among other consequences, are subject to U.S. federal income tax on ourworldwide income. This discussion assumes that Section 7874 of the Code continues to apply to treat us as a U.S. corporation for all purposes under the Code. If,for some reason (e.g., future repeal of Section 7874 of the Code), we were no longer treated as a U.S. corporation under the Code, the U.S. federal income taxconsequences described herein could be materially and adversely affected.76Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. HoldersDistributionsIn the event that distributions are paid on our common stock, the gross amount of such distributions will be included in the gross income of the U.S. holder asdividend income on the date of receipt to the extent that the distribution is paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federalincome tax principles. Such dividends will be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Dividends received by noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, may be subject to reduced rates of taxation under current law. A U.S. holdermay be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed on dividends paid by us. However, the foreign tax credit rules arecomplex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 of the Code and the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and theGovernment of the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, or theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty, is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may be entitled to underthe foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.To the extent that dividends paid on our common stock exceed current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distributions will be treated first as a taxfree returnof tax basis on our common stock, and to the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds tax basis, the excess will be treated as gain from the disposition ofthose common stock. Because Section 7874 of the Code has applied to treat us as a U.S. corporation only since consummation of the Share Exchange in 2014, wemay not be able to demonstrate to the IRS the extent to which a distribution on our common stock exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (asdetermined under U.S. federal income tax principles), in which case all of such distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.Sale or Other DispositionU.S. holders of our common stock will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of common stock equal to the differencebetween the amount realized for the common stock and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the common stock. This gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss. Undercurrent law, noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, are eligible for reduced tax rates if the common stock has been held for more than one year. Thedeductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. A U.S. holder may be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed ongain from the sale or other disposition of common stock. However, the foreign tax credit rules are complex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 ofthe Code and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may beentitled to under the foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Unearned Income Medicare ContributionCertain U.S. holders who are individuals, trusts or estates are required to pay an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on, among other things, dividends on and capitalgains from the sale or other disposition of shares of stock. U.S. holders should consult their own advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this rule on their ownershipand disposition of our common stock.U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for NonU.S. HoldersDistributionsThe rules applicable to nonU.S. holders for determining the extent to which distributions on our common stock, if any, constitute dividends for U.S. federal incometax purposes are the same as for U.S. holders. See “–U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. Holders– Distributions.”77Table of ContentsAny dividends paid to a nonU.S. holder by us are treated as income derived from sources within the United States and generally will be subject to U.S. federalincome tax withholding at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends, or at a lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty if nonU.S. holdersprovide proper certification of eligibility for the lower rate (usually on IRS Form W8BEN or W8BENE). Dividends received by a nonU.S. holder that are effectivelyconnected with such holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business (and, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained bythe nonU.S. holder in the U.S.) are exempt from such withholding tax, provided that applicable certification requirements are satisfied. In such case, however, nonU.S. holders will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such dividends, net of certain deductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. In addition, corporatenonU.S. holders may be subject to an additional branch profits tax equal to 30% or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable tax treaty on dividendsreceived that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.If nonU.S. holders are eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, such nonU.S. holders may obtain a refund ofany excess amounts withheld by filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.Sale or Other DispositionExcept as described below for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, any gain realized by a nonU.S. holder upon the saleor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:criminal liability in serious cases.According to the PRC Product Quality Law, consumers or other victims who suffer injury or property losses due to product defects may demand compensation fromthe manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the corresponding amount from the manufacturer if the manufactureris responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Relating to Consumer ProtectionThe principal legal provisions for the protection of consumer interests are set forth in the Law of the PRC on Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests, or theConsumer Protection Law, which was promulgated in October 1993 amended in October 2013. The Consumer Protection Law sets forth standards of behavior thatbusinesses must observe in their dealings with consumers.Violations of the Consumer Protection Law may result in the imposition of fines. In addition, the violating entity may be ordered to suspend its operations, and itsbusiness license may be revoked. There may also be criminal liability in serious cases.According to the Consumer Protection Law, if the legal rights and interests of a consumer are violated during the purchase or use of goods, the consumer may seekcompensation from the seller. If the manufacturer or an upstream distributor is responsible, after compensating the consumer, the seller may recover thecorresponding amount from the manufacturer or the upstream distributor. Consumers or other persons who suffer personal injury or property damages due todefects in products may seek compensation from the manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the correspondingamount from the manufacturer if the manufacturer is responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Related to TrademarksThe PRC Trademark Law, adopted in 1982 and revised in 2001 and 2013, protects the proprietary rights to registered trademarks. The Trademark Office under theState Administration of Industry and Commerce handles trademark registration and grants a term of ten years to registered trademarks and another ten years totrademarks as requested upon expiry of the prior term. Trademark license agreements and transfer agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record.37Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Environmental MattersOur facilities are subject to various governmental regulations related to environmental protection. We use a myriad of chemicals in our operations and produceemissions that could pose environmental risks. Our manufacturing facilities are subject to various pollution control regulations with respect to noise, water and airpollution and the disposal of waste and hazardous materials, including, China’s Environmental Protection Law, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Appraisingof Environment Impacts, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of AirPollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution, and China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of NoisePollution. We are subject to periodic inspections by local environmental protection authorities.We did not incur material costs in environmental compliance in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016. We believe we are in material compliance with the relevant PRCenvironmental laws and regulations. We are not currently subject to any pending actions alleging any violations of applicable PRC environmental laws.Regulations Related to EmploymentThe PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law require that employers must execute written employment contracts with fulltime employees. All employers mustcompensate their employees with wages equal to at least the local minimum wage standards. Violations of the PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law may resultin the imposition of fines and other administrative sanctions, and serious violations may constitute criminal offences.On December 28, 2012, the PRC Labor Contract Law was amended with effect on July 1, 2013 to impose more stringent requirements on labor dispatch. Under suchlaw, dispatched workers are entitled to pay equal to that of fulltime employees for equal work, but the number of dispatched workers that an employer hires may notexceed a certain percentage of its total number of employees as determined by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Additionally, dispatchedworkers are only permitted to engage in temporary, auxiliary or substitute work. According to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch promulgated by theMinistry of Human Resources and Social Security on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014, the number of dispatched workers hired by anemployer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees (including both directly hired employees and dispatched workers). The Interim Provisions onLabor Dispatch require employers not in compliance with the PRC Labor Contract Law in this regard to reduce the number of its dispatched workers to below 10% ofthe total number of its employees prior to March 1, 2016.Enterprises in China are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in certain employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pensionplan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a workrelated injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund,and contribute to the plans or funds in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of the employees as specified by thelocal government from time to time at locations where they operate their businesses or where they are located. The enterprise may be ordered to pay the full amountwithin a deadline if it fails to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans and may be subject to fines and other administrative sanctions.Regulations Relating to Foreign ExchangeRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued by theState Administration of Foreign Exchange and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade andservice payments, payment of interest and dividends can be made without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange by following theappropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRCfor the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange or its local office.38Table of ContentsOn February 13, 2015, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency ManagementPolicy on Direct Investment, effective from June 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign directinvestment and overseas direct investment from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for thepurpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed with qualified banks, which, under the supervision of the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to this Circular, a foreigninvested enterprise may,according to its actual business needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchangebureau has confirmed monetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the timebeing, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shalltruthfully use its capital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equityinvestment with the amount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open acorresponding Account for Foreign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of theState Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts waspromulgated and became effective on June 9, 2016. According to this Circular, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreigncurrency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionary basis. This Circular provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items(including but not limited to foreign currency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. ThisCircular reiterates the principle that Renminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposesbeyond its business scope and may not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guaranteethe principal within the PRC unless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless itis within the business scope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration andOptimizing Genuineness and Compliance Verification, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits fromdomestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution,original copies of tax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses beforeremitting any profits. Moreover, pursuant to this Circular, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provideboard resolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and RoundtripInvestment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Issues Concerning the Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore SpecialPurpose Vehicles, to regulate foreign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investmentand financing or conduct round trip investment in China. Circular 37 defines a “special purpose vehicle” as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly orindirectly, by PRC residents or entities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets orinterests, while “round trip investment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through special purpose vehicles, namely, establishingforeigninvested enterprises to obtain the ownership, control rights and management rights. Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into a specialpurpose vehicle, PRC residents or entities be required to complete foreign exchange registration with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranch. In addition, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the ForeignExchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015, requiring PRC residents or entities toregister with qualified banks rather than the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.39Table of ContentsPRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to special purpose vehicles but had not obtained registration asrequired before the implementation of the Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the special purpose vehicles with qualified banks. Anamendment to the registration is required if there is a material change with respect to the special purpose vehicle registered, such as any change of basic information(including change of the PRC residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers ordivisions. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclosecontrollers of the foreigninvested enterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchangeactivities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, sharetransfer or liquidation, to its offshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities topenalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating toinvestments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our abilityto inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic IndividualsParticipating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issuedby the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in March 2007. Pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residentsparticipating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted company are required to register with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents must conduct the registration and other procedures withrespect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of the overseas publicly listed company or another qualifiedinstitution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevant registration should there be any material change to thestock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of the PRC residents who have the right to exercise the employeestock options, apply to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreign currencies in connectionwith the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the sale of shares under thestock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRC opened by the PRCagents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.We have adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we will have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We haveadvised the recipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.However, we cannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock IncentivePlan Notice. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plansmay subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016, respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014, respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our Marshall Islands holding company may rely on dividend paymentsfrom Hongri PRC, which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on theability of our other PRC subsidiaries to make remittance to Hongri PRC and on the ability of Hongri PRC to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cashgenerated by the operations of those entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We rely to a significant extent on dividends and otherdistributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiary to fund offshore cash and financing requirements.”40Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Overseas ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the StateOwned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective onSeptember 8, 2006 and was amended on June 22, 2009. These regulations, among other things, require that (i) PRC entities or individuals obtain approval from theMinistry of Commerce before they establish or control a special purpose vehicle overseas, provided that they intend to use the special purpose vehicle to acquiretheir equity interests in a PRC company at the consideration of newly issued share of the special purpose vehicle, or Share Swap, and list their equity interests in thePRC company overseas by listing the special purpose vehicle in an overseas market; (ii) the special purpose vehicle obtains approval from the Ministry ofCommerce before it acquires the equity interests held by the PRC entities or PRC individual in the PRC company by Share Swap; and (iii) the special purpose vehicleobtains China Securities Regulatory Commission approval before it lists overseas. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The approval ofthe China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with this offering under a PRC regulation. The regulation also establishes more complexprocedures for acquisitions conducted by foreign investors that could make it more difficult for us to grow through acquisitions.”Regulations Relating to TaxationDividend Withholding TaxIn March 2007, the National People’s Congress enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law which became effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on February 24,2017. According to Enterprise Income Tax Law, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a foreigninvested enterprise in China to its foreignenterprise investors are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that providesfor a preferential withholding arrangement. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Negotiated Reduction of Dividends and Interest Rates,issued on January 29, 2008 and supplemented and revised on February 29, 2008, and the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, which became effective onDecember 8, 2006 and applicable to income derived in any year of assessment commencing on or after April 1, 2007 in Hong Kong and in any year commencing on orafter January 1, 2007 in the PRC, such withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong enterprise is deemed the beneficial owner of any dividend paid by aPRC subsidiary by PRC tax authorities and holds at least 25% of the equity interest in that particular PRC subsidiary at all times within the 12month periodimmediately prior to the distribution of the dividends. Furthermore, pursuant to the Announcement on Issues concerning “Beneficial Owners” in Tax Treaties issuedon February 3, 2018 by the State Administration of Taxation, when determining the status of “beneficial owners,” a comprehensive analysis may be conductedthrough materials such as articles of association, financial statements, records of capital flows, minutes of board of directors, resolutions of board of directors,allocation of manpower and material resources, the relevant expenses, functions and risk assumption, loan contracts, royalty contracts or transfer contracts, patentregistration certificates and copyright certificates, etc. However, even if an applicant has the status as a “beneficiary owner,” if the competent tax authority findsnecessity to apply the principal purpose test clause in the tax treaties or the general antitax avoidance rules stipulated in domestic tax laws, the general antitaxavoidance provisions shall apply.Enterprise Income TaxIn December 2007, the State Council promulgated the Implementing Rules of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008. TheEnterprise Income Tax Law and its relevant implementing rules (i) impose a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate, which is applicable to both foreigninvestedenterprises and domestic enterprises (ii) permits companies to continue to enjoy their existing tax incentives, subject to certain transitional phaseout rules and(iii) introduces new tax incentives, subject to various qualification criteria.41Table of ContentsThe Enterprise Income Tax Law also provides that enterprises organized under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies”located within China may be considered PRC resident enterprises and therefore be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwideincome. The implementing rules further define the term “de facto management body” as the management body that exercises substantial and overall managementand control over the production and operations, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. If an enterprise organized under the laws of jurisdictionoutside China is considered a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, itwould be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. Second, a 10% withholding tax would be imposed on dividends itpays to its nonPRC enterprise shareholders and with respect to gains derived by its nonPRC enterprise shareholders from transfer of its shares.On October 17, 2017, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Bulletin on Issues Concerning the Withholding of NonPRC Resident Enterprise Income Tax atSource, or Bulletin 37, which replaced the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by NonPRC Resident Enterprisesissued by the State Administration of Taxation on December 10, 2009, and partially replaced and supplemented rules under the Bulletin on Issues of EnterpriseIncome Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by NonPRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7, issued by the State Administration of Taxation on February 3, 2015.Under Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by nonPRC resident enterprises may be recharacterizedand treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose ofavoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. In respect of anindirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the relevant gain is to be regarded as effectively connected with the PRC establishment and thereforeincluded in its enterprise income tax filing, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relatesto the immoveable properties in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not effectively connected to a PRC establishment of a nonresident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax at 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similararrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Pursuant to Bulletin 37, the withholding party shalldeclare and pay the withheld tax to the competent tax authority in the place where such withholding party is located within seven days from the date of occurrenceof the withholding obligation. Both Bulletin 37 and Bulletin 7 do not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange wheresuch shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We and our existingshareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a Chinese establishmentof a nonChinese company, or immovable properties located in China owned by nonChinese companies.”ValueAdded TaxIn November 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Pilot Plan for Imposition of ValueAdded Tax to ReplaceBusiness Tax. In March 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation further promulgated the Notice on Fully Promoting the Pilot Plan forReplacing Business Tax by ValueAdded Tax. Pursuant to this Pilot Plan and the relevant notice, value added tax at a rate of 6% is generally imposed, on anationwide basis, on the revenue generated from the provision of service in lieu of business tax in the modern service industries. Value added tax of a rate of 6%applies to revenue derived from the provision of some modern services. Unlike business tax, a taxpayer is allowed to offset the qualified input value added tax paidon taxable purchases against the output value added tax chargeable on the modern services provided.C.Organizational StructureSee “—A. History and Development of the Company—Corporate Structure” above for details of our current organizational structure.42Table of ContentsD.Property, Plants and EquipmentOur company has established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31,2018, this network was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, our company’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The facilityhas a production capacity of 2 million pieces per year and we move in upon the completion of phase 2 in year 2015. By relocating from the coastal area to AnhuiProvince, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a more stable labor supply. We manufacture a variety of menswear products, including, jeans,shirts, suits and socks. Because of its variety and complexity in the production process, these products require special sewing machines and workmanship, whichwe currently do not possess. As a result, the Company is not yet able to produce KBS branded products and has outsourced its KBS branded productmanufacturing to other established ODM and OEM manufacturers in the Fujian and Zhejiang regions. The Company has completed the second phase constructionof its new factory at the end of 2014. The second phase has an annual production capacity of 5 million pieces subject to our purchasing additional equipment.Currently Anhui factory mainly produces OEM orders and some international orders.Our production facility consists of total 110,557 square meters of land. We obtained a portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square metersand 2,440 square meters in May 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildingsand offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need foradditional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of landhas been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Oncethe construction of the new production facilities is completed, our total production capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year fromthe current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.In 2016, we closed 1 corporate store and as of December 31, 2018, we leased the premises for our sole remaining corporate store. We have undertaken variousmeasures to verify the lessees’ rights to the property leased to us in respect of its stores. In China, all land is owned by the State or other governmental bodies, and“ownership” is generally evidenced by a land use rights certificate. We rent some stores that were located in rural areas where land use rights are held collectivelyby villages and records regarding the ownership of land use rights are frequently not kept. In these cases, the company has confirmed our ability to lease the storesthrough communications with village authorities, and has reviewed electricity and water bills to confirm utilities are being paid by the parties leasing the premises tous. Based on the results of these efforts, we believe the risk of third party claims against our leases of these stores is relatively small and the measures taken by ourcompany are sufficient to verify the land use rights for all of its stores.In addition, the property used as our head office and corporate store is leased from a related party, whose ownership of the property has been verified by ourcompany. We paid a total of RMB720,000, RMB 720,000, and RMB 720,000, as rental fees for the existing corporate stores during the fiscal years 2016, 2017 and 2018,respectively. The total area of these 2 corporate stores is 158 square meters. The sales of each store and its location are shown below:AreaSales in fiscalyear 2016(USD)Sales in fiscalyear 2017(USD)Sales in fiscalyear2018(USD)Shishi factory1,240,354.74772,299691,431Quanzhou Dayang (closed in 2016)470,280.90Total:1,710,635.64772,299691,43143Table of ContentsITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot required.ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSWe are engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of casual menswear in China, including apparel and accessories, which we market under the KBSbrand. The KBS brand was developed in 2006. Before 2012, we were engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of fashion sportswear in China. Sinceour products feature a unique and stylish design that is more fashionable than traditional sportswear, as well as quality fabrics and materials and the sportswearmarket was becoming more and more competitive, in late 2011 we turned our focus on casual menswear market which has higher profit margin. KBS’s apparelproducts include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, Jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, belts and caps. In 2016, the suggestedretail prices of KBS’s products ranged from RMB199 to RMB1,499 for its apparel products and RMB15 to RMB899 for its accessory products. KBS holds newproducts launch events twice every year, one in spring and the other in autumn. Since 2006, we have launched about 1,500,536 collections of new products eachyear with a different theme to highlight the current trends for the season. KBS’s marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese.” KBS’scustomers are male middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range, primarily located in tier two and tier three cities in China. The company has adopted “KBS” as auniform brand name, which stands for “Keep Best Style”, and KBS are designed by us for a uniform look and feel that fits our brand image, with instore displaysthat accentuate the quality and style of our products across all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. We believe that the KBSbrand has become a recognized brand name in the cities where their products are sold.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors. Thenumber of stores grew significantly from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006 to 31 corporate stores as of December 31, 2012 and 96franchised stores as of December 31, 2013, and decreased to 84 stores as of December 31, 2014. Because of the recent softening of economic growing in China andfierce competition from our competitors, online store sales of franchised stores and corporate stores went down in 2015 as compared with the previous year. In 2017and 2018, the distributors closed 15 and 8 franchised stores, respectively, and we closed 1 corporate store in year 2016. We generate more revenues from OEM in2018 and intend to generate more in OEM and target area from acquisitions.KBS also acts as an original design manufacturer, or ODM, upon request. Income from such services accounted for 14%, 7.3% and 9% of revenue for the yearsended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, KBS’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The company believesthat the shortage of labor and rising wage expectations in China, especially in the coastal area, could have a material impact on our operations as well as itssuppliers’ cost of manufacturing. By relocating from the coastal area to inland Anhui Province, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a morestable labor supply. Since the company’s original production team was not ready to produce the new style KBS products, KBS has outsourced its productmanufacturing to other established ODM manufacturers. As such, KBS’s own production facility in Taihu mainly takes OEM orders from other sportswearcompanies, like Xtep. Our production facility in Taihu, Anhui Province includes three parcels of land with a total area of 110,557 square meters. We have obtainedland use rights for two parcels of land with an area of 9,845 square meters in 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction ofthe adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire theland use right of the third parcel of land. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 can be continued. Once completed, our totalproduction capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year. We do not necessarilyrely on our own production facility to satisfy the demand of our products as we may outsource some or all of the production work to various ODM and OEMmanufacturers in China.44Table of ContentsA.Principal Factors Affecting Financial PerformanceOur operating results are primarily affected by the following factors:●Growth of China’s menswear industry. With approximately onefifth of the world’s population and a fastgrowing gross domestic product, Chinarepresents a significant growth opportunity for a wide variety of retail goods, including apparel. The enhanced living standards and increased disposableincome that has resulted from the vibrant economic growth has driven the rapid development of the men’s apparel market in China in recent years. China iscurrently one of the world’s largest men’s apparel markets. As a leading provider of casual menswear in China, we believe we are well positioned tocapitalize on the favorable economic, demographic and industry trends in this sector.●Brand recognition. We derive all of our revenues from sales of the KBS branded products in China, and our success depends on the market perceptionand acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture, lifestyle and images associated with this brand. Market acceptance of our brand may affect the sellingprices and market demand for our products, the profit margin of us can achieve, and our ability to grow.●Ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network. The ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in terms of floor area in our salesnetwork affects our results of operations in a given period. The franchised stores operated by our distributors have been and will continue to be the maincontributor to our revenue for the foreseeable future. Under the distribution business model, we sell directly to our distributors and recognize revenuesupon delivery of our products to them. Such distribution network has enabled us to accelerate sales growth at a much lower cost than opening direct storesand has limited our inventory and sales risks. Corporate stores operated by us, on the other hand, despite incurring more significant capital expenditures ascompared with franchised stores, allow us more control over our brand and the consumer’s shopping experience, which are important factors for the overallsuccess of our business. In addition, our corporate store sales generally have a higher gross profit margin than sales to distributors because we are able tosell the products at retail prices directly to the endconsumers and because we recognize expenses relating to our corporate stores as selling anddistribution expenses. Therefore, the ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network will affect our gross profit margin.●Product offering and pricing. Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define menswear trends as well as to anticipate, gauge andreact to changing consumer demands for menswear in a timely manner. Most of our products are subject to changing consumer preferences and fashiontrends that cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumer acceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, andour future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes.●Fluctuations in raw material supply and prices. The per unit cost of producing our products depends on the supply and price of raw materials,particularly fabrics such as cotton, wool and polyester, which have experienced volatility in past years. Increases in the price of raw materials wouldnegatively impact our gross margins if we are not able to offset such price increases through increases in our selling price or changes in product offeringsand mix.Financial Statement PresentationRevenue. During the periods covered by this section, we generated revenue from sales of our menswear products.45Table of ContentsCost of sales. During the periods covered by this section, our cost of sales primarily consisted of the costs of our outsourcing cost, raw materials, labor andoverhead. We did not have any inward or outward freight charges as these charges are borne by our distributors and suppliers.Gross profit and gross margin. For the periods covered by this section, our gross profit is equal to the difference between our net sales and cost of sales. Our grossmargin is equal to the gross profit divided by net sales. Our gross margin may not be comparable to those of other retail entities since some retail entities include allof their distribution network costs in cost of sales and others, like us, include these expenses in another statement of operations line item.Administrative expenses. For the periods covered by this section, general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to ourgeneral management, finance and administrative staff, professional advisor fees, audit fees and other expenses incurred in connection with general operations.Selling expenses. For the periods covered by this section, our selling and marketing expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to our sales andmarketing staff, store rent, business travel, coordination with distributor marketing and promotions, transportation costs and other sales related costs.Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, both in U.S. dollars and as apercentage of or revenue.Year endedDecember 31, 2018Year ended December 31, 2017Year ended December 31, 2016Amount% of SalesAmount% of SalesAmount% of SalesRevenue18,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales20,851,252112%35,274,352148%39,041,93295%Gross (loss)/profit2,316,13712%11,511,81648%2,158,2725%Operating expensesDistribution and selling expenses2,670,95514%3,265,38014%3,606,0109%Administrative expenses4,907,02026%4,879,39721%3,543,9939%Total operating expenses7,577,97541%8,144,77634%7,150,00317%Other income122,1391%461,5642%555,0511%Other gains and losses13,522,30073%122,2441%11,123,76727%Loss from operations23,294,273126%19,317,27281%15,560,44738%Finance costs96,4441%96,3850%71,7830%Change in fair value of warrant liabilities00%00%3,4090%Loss before tax23,390,717126%19,413,65782%15,628,82138%Income tax5,422,11929%4,598,06119%3,726,1339%Loss for the year17,968,59897%14,815,59662%11,902,68829%46Table of ContentsA breakdown of revenue, percentage of revenue and percentage of gross margin by segment for the respective periods is as follows:BybusinessDistribution networkCorporate storesOEMConsolidatedYear endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Sales toexternalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205% of Sales73%63%78%13%29%13%14%7%9%100%100%100%Segmentsgrossmargins2,245,9442,277,8586,623,6175,402,99414,291,6805,727,349845,700502,0071,262,0052,316,13611,511,8162,158,273Grossmarginrate17%15%21%227%205%104%33%29%36%12%48%5%Segment salesFor the year ended December 31, 2018, total revenue decreased by 22% from $23.8 million in 2017 to $18.5 million. Our total revenue of 2017 decreased by 33% from$41.2 million to $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company reports financial and operating results in three segments: distributor network,corporate stores and OEM.Distributor Network —Revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2018 decreased by 10% from $15 million in 2017 to $13 million primarily due to adecrease in sales volume. There was a decrease of revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2017 by 53% from $32.1 million in year 2016 primarily dueto a decrease in sales volume. The distributor segment accounted for 73% of the total revenue in 2018, compared to 63% and 78% during years 2017 and 2016,respectively.In year 2018, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network increased to 17% from 15% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price of newproducts. The sales went down in year 2018 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstockduring previous periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.47Table of ContentsIn year 2017, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network decreased to 15% from 21% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price, and thesales went down in year 2017 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstock duringprevious periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.The Company’s distributor network currently consists of 11 distributors in 12 provinces. Most of these distributors, either directly or through their subdistributors,operate KBSbranded stores. Some wholesale distributors sold the products to multibranded stores and online stores. As of December 31, 2018, distributorsoperated a total of 32 KBSbranded stores, primarily in second and third tier cities. KBS products distributed to the fourth and fifth tier cities are primarily sold inmultibranded department stores.Corporate Stores — Total revenue from corporate store sale for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $6.98 million for year 2017. In 2018 sales fromcorporate store decreased as compared to 2017 due to a decrease in promotion sales of repurchased inventory from certain distributors which are unable to pay offthe debts owed to us.Total revenue from corporate store sales for fiscal year 2017 was $6.98 million, compared to $5.53 million for year 2016. In 2017 sales from corporate stores increasedas compared to 2016 due to an increase in sales volume, which in turn was mainly attributable to the increase in promotion sales on repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors which are unable to pay off the debts owed to us.As of December 31, 2018, we operated 1 corporate store which located in Fujian. Total revenue from corporate store sales of 2018 decreased as compared to 2017because of the decrease the promotion sales of repurchased inventory.The corporate store segment contributed 14% of total revenue in 2018, compared to 29% of 2017 and 13% of 2016. Gross profit margin for the Company’s corporatestore was 232% in 2018, compared to 205% in 2017 and 104% in 2016. The margin compression from 2016 to 2018 is primarily due to: 1) close of 1 corporate store in2016 and the sale of its inventory at a lower price; 2) reduction of sale price of our goods in corporate stores to stimulate sales; 3) loss from sales of repurchasedinventory from certain distributors which sold at big discounted price in year 2017 and year 2018.OEM — The OEM segment is comprised of products that are designed by the customers but manufactured by us. Revenue from the OEM segment increased by$0.83 million to $2.57 million for year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017. Gross profit margin increased to 33%from 29% of year 2017. Revenue from the OEM segment decreased by $1.79 million to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $3.53 million foryear ended December 31, 2016. Gross profit margin decreased to 29% from 36% of year 2016. Our revenues from sales of OEM represented 14%, 9% and 9%,respectively of our total revenues for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.Cost of sales and gross profit rateCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for production purpose,outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges and water and electricity.Our cost of sales decreased from $35 million in year 2017 to $21 million in year 2018. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017.The gross profit rate increased from 48% in year 2017 to 12% in year 2018 due to 1) a decrease in the number of promotion sales in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, whichcaused a loss at RMB 40 million; 2) the higher price of updated new products and improvement of products quality; 3) higher profit margin of OEM segments due tolower amortized fixed fees from big orders from certain customers. In order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continuedoperation, we decided to continue to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors in 2018 and thereafter.48Table of ContentsOur cost of sales decreased from $39 million in year 2016 to $35 million in year 2017. The decrease was consistent with the decrease in our revenue, which resulted ina decrease in purchases by $7 million. The decrease in purchases was mainly due to a challenging retail environment and close of some stores.The gross profit rate decreased from 5% in year 2016 to 48% in year 2017 due to 1) a decrease in the number of our franchised stores from 55 as of December 31,2016 to 40 as of December 31, 2017; 2) in order to make more fair and friendly business environment for our all distributors, we adjusted our price policy to havesame price to our district distributors and province distributors in 2017, the price sell to the district distributor is lower than before. 3) a slowdown in demand inmenswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and our distributors faceddifficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 141.42 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million. Although we are not contractually obligated to buy back the excessiveinventory from any our distributors, in order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continued operation, we decided to do same in2017 to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors and we may implement similar plans in the following years.Administrative expensesAdministrative expenses increased by $0.02 million or 1% to $4.9 million for year 2018 from $4.88 million for 2017. The change was mainly due to the decrease ofoutsourcing design expense and the increase of the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Administrative expenses increased by $1.34 million or 37% to $4.88 million for year 2017 from $3.54 million for 2016. The increase was mainly due to the increase indesign staff expenses and the increase attributable to the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Distribution and selling expensesThe selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.59 million or 18% to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $ 3.2 million in 2017, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expense, products promotion expenses and entertainment expenses.The selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.34 million or 9.45% to $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $ 3.6 million in 2016, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expenses and promotion expense of products including placement order meeting expense.The advertisement expenses of 2018, 2017 and 2016 are relatively even and selling expenses accounted for 6.6%, 7.5% and 9% for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Other gains and lossesOther gains and losses increased by $13.4 million, or 10,875%, to $13.52 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $0.12 million for year 2017. The increasewas mainly due to the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value.Other gains and losses decreased by $11 million, or 98.9%, to $0.12 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $11.1 million for year 2016. The decrease wasmainly due to the fact that there was no additional provision on bad debts from three clients as in 2016.Profit for the yearWe had a loss of $18 million in 2018 as compared to a loss of $14.81 million for 2017, representing a decrease of profit of $3 million or 21%. Net margin was 97% forthe year ended December 31, 2018, compared to 62% for the year ended December 31, 2017.49Table of ContentsWe had a loss of $14.81 million in 2017 as compared to a loss of $11.9 million for 2016, representing a decrease of profit of $2.91 million or 25%. Net margin was 62%for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 29% for the year ended December 31, 2016.Profit for the year decreased from 2018 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons:(1)the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value (2) thedistribution and selling expenses decreased to a small portion of total revenue and the revenue also decreased compared to year ended December 31, 2017; (3) aslowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brands, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling products and paying back the balance owed to us. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 40 million.Profit for the year decreased from 2016 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons: (1) the administrative expenses increased to a large portion of total revenue; and(2) slowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 141.42 millionfrom certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million.B.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesAs of December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $21,026,103. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and cash in the banks. Webelieve that our current levels of cash and cash equivalent and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next12 months. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through net cash flow from operations. Our cash flows are driven by key performance indicatorsincluding the number of orders placed by distributors, number of outlets that each distributor operates the pricing of our products, sales of our corporate stores, andthe collect portion of account receivable. Currently there is only minimal cash held by offshore subsidiaries and there is no need for these subsidiaries to transfercash to Hongri PRC.The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this report:Fiscal Year Ended December 31201820172016Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(3,703,354)$1,922,252$3,194,287Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities52,932(865,365)45,445Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(3,907,291)(39,024)4,919,241Effects of exchange rate change in cash(1,117,062)1,513,138(1,556,980)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080Cash and cash equivalent at end of the period$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,34150Table of ContentsOperating ActivitiesThe net cash provided by operating activities consists of profit before tax, as adjusted by finance costs, change in fair value of warrant liabilities, interest income,shared based compensation, bad debt allowance, depreciation of property, plant and equipment, amortization of prepaid lease payment and trademark, amortizationof subsidies prepaid to distributors, amortization of prepayment and premiums under operating leases, provision(Reversal) of inventory obsolescence, provision ofimpairment loss in prepayments, loss(gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment, deferred income tax, which include trade and other receivables, prepaymentand deferred expenses, inventory, trade and other payables.Net cash used in operating activities in fiscal year 2018 was $3.7 million, compared with net cash provided by operating activities of $1.9 million in the year endedDecember 31, 2017. The change is mainly due to the increase of provision of Anhui property and the increase of deferred tax due to the loss of fiscal year 2018.Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.9 million, compared with $3.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2016. The change is mainlydue to the decrease in the amount of collection of account receivable.Investing ActivitiesNet cash provided by investing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.05 million, compared with $0.8 million net cash used in investing activities in 2017. The net cashprovided in investing activities in 2018 was interest received from our bank deposits.Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $0.8 million, compared with $0.04 million net cash provided by investing activities in 2016. The net cashused in investing activities in 2017 was to purchase fire protection facility.Financing ActivitiesNet cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.26 million, compared with $1.1 million net cash used in financing activities in 2017. It mainly consistedof repayment of bank loans in 2018.Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.1 million, compared with $1.68 million net cash provided by financing activities in 2016. It mainlyconsisted of interests paid for our bank loans.Loans, Other Commitments, ContingenciesAs of December 31, 2018, we had bank loans in an amount of $1,092,785. We may, however, in the future, require additional cash resources due to changing businessconditions, implementation of our strategy to expand our business or other investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our own financial resources areinsufficient to satisfy the capital requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain additional credit facilities. The sale of additionalequity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require usto agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overallbusiness prospects.C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.Our industry is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and changing customer demands. These conditions require continuousexpenditures on product research and development to enhance existing products create new products and avoid product obsolescence. See Item 3 “Key Information—D. Risk Factors—If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected,” —“Ifwe are unable to keep pace with the rapid technological changes in our industry, demand for our products and services could decline which would adversely affectour revenue,” and —“Our technology may become obsolete which could materially adversely affect our ability to sell our products and services.” For a detailedanalysis of research and development costs, see Item 5.A. “Operating Results—Results of Operations—Research and development expenses”.D.Trend InformationOther than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that wouldcause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.E.Off Balance Sheet ArrangementsWe do not have any off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes infinancial condition, sales or expenses, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures, or capital resources that are material to an investment in our securities.51Table of ContentsF.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual ObligationsThe table below shows our material contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018.Payments Due by PeriodLess than1 year13 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsContractual ObligationsConstruction Obligations$64,088,236Operating Lease Obligations$78,532146,7052,225,030Total$64,166,768146,7052,225,030Anhui Factory Construction ContractOn November 20, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party for the construction of a new plant with a total size of 110,557 square meters, atTaihu City, Anhui at a consideration of RMB 690 million (equivalent to approximately $104 million). This is the frame contract for the construction of Anhui factoryand round estimation. By December 31, 2016 we had already paid about $37.75 million in total on the phase 1, 2, 3 of construction based on detailed phase contractand the balance of construction cost of the Anui factory need to be determined based on the ontime budget on every phase. The majority of funds for constructionexpenses came from the cash balance on the account as of December 31, 2018 and the new profit of following year.Anhui Land Use Right Acquisition ContractOn September 2, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party to acquire a land use right in relation to the development of factories in Taihu City,Anhui Province, at a total consideration of RMB 43 million (approximately $6.3 million). Full consideration was paid in September 2010. There are three parts of theland. The Company has obtained land use rights certificates for the first parcel of land with 7,405 square meters on March 19, 2012, and the second parcel of landwith 2,440 square meters on May 26, 2012. The Company is currently in the process of obtaining the land use right certificate for the third parcel of the land with100,712 square meters.Except as set forth above, we have no other material longterm debt, capital or operating lease or fixed purchase obligations.InflationInflation and changing prices have not had a material effect on our business, and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect ourbusiness in the foreseeable future. However, our management will closely monitor price changes in the Chinese economy and the apparel industry and continuallymaintain effective cost controls in operations.52Table of ContentsSeasonalityOur business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal. Historically, we have realized more of our revenue and earnings in the fourth quarter, which includes themajority of the holiday shopping season, than in any other fiscal quarter.Critical Accounting PoliciesThe preparation of financial statements is in conformity with IFRS as issued by the IASB. It requires the Company’s management to make assumptions, estimatesand judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. The Company hasidentified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of Company’s financial statements. These accounting policies are important for anunderstanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of theCompany’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to makeestimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitivebecause of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly frommanagement’s current judgments. The Company believes the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in thepreparation of the Company’s financial statements.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects the considerationto which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled in exchange fortransferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that asignificant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration issubsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to the customerfor more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would be reflected in a separatefinancing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financing component which provides theCompany a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interest expense accreted on the contract liabilityunder the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services is oneyear or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component, using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of the goods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receiptsover the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.53Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with thedividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. Revenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer. Revenue from allabove categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of thetransaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered and title has passed.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting the deductible inputVAT of the period, is VAT payable.54Table of ContentsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial periodof time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use orsale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal government retirementbenefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fund their retirementbenefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal government takes responsibility for theretirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly, the only obligation of the Groupwith respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employment with the Group. There are no provisionsunder the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans are considered defined contribution plans. The Grouphas no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixed contributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pensionschemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service is performed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised inother comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Groupoperates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable taxregulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred taxassets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which thosedeductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or fromthe initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accountingprofit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able to control thereversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising fromdeductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profitsagainst which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.55Table of ContentsThe carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficienttaxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based ontax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assetsreflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carryingamount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when thedeferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities wherethere is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, inwhich case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arisesfrom the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.Store preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll and supplies.The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenses when occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases areclassified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes. Leaseholdimprovements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes other thanconstruction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful lives and aftertaking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction in progressis carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment whencompleted and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for theirintended use.56Table of ContentsAn item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of theasset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) isincluded in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.The Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights to use theland on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizable valuerepresents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fair valuethrough profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model formanaging them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the practicalexpedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus in the case of a financialasset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group hasapplied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance with the policies set out for “Revenue recognition(applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cash flowsthat are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established by regulation orconvention in the marketplace.57Subsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognised inthe income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversals arerecognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair value changes arerecognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive income is recycled to theincome statement.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under HKAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. The classification isdetermined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statement when theright of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and the amount of the dividendcan be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains arerecorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income are not subject to impairmentassessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value throughprofit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for thepurpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading unless they aredesignated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interest are classified and measured atfair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to be classified at amortised cost or at fairvalue through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition ifdoing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.58Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in theincome statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separate derivative if theeconomic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet thedefinition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changesin fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cashflows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between thecontractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the originaleffective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to thecontractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are providedfor credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been asignificant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespectiveof the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. When making theassessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on thefinancial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort,including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider afinancial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full beforetaking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering thecontractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the general approach andthey are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach as detailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured at anamount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets and for whichthe loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the loss allowance ismeasured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs59Simplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of asignificant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not track changes incredit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on itshistorical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt the simplifiedapproach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed from theGroup’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to what extent, ithas retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset nortransferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Groupalso recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that theGroup has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and the maximumamount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’sfinancial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.Subsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method unless theeffect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement when the liabilities arederecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.60Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantiallymodified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference between therespective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right tooffset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to the contractualprovisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financialassets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.The Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. Theeffective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of theeffective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, where appropriate, a shorter period tothe net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.61Table of ContentsReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including trade and otherreceivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment (seeaccounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a resultof one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have been affected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequently assessed forimpairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience of collecting payments,and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national or local economic conditions thatcorrelate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between the asset’scarrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.The carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables, where thecarrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized in profit or loss. When atrade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off arecredited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment losseswas recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset at the date theimpairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.G.Safe HarborSee “Introductory Notes—ForwardLooking Information.”62Table of ContentsITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEESA.Directors and Senior ManagementThe following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors and senior management, as well as employees upon whose work we are dependent, as ofthe date of this annual report.NAMEAGEPOSITIONKeyan Yan47Chairman and Chief Executive OfficerThemis Kalapotharakos44Executive DirectorLixiaTu37Chief Financial Officer and DirectorJohn Sano49Independent DirectorMatthew C. Los54Independent DirectorZhongmin Zhang76Independent DirectorYuet Mei Chan38Independent DirectorMr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has been the Chairman of our board of directors and Chief Executive Officer since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr.Yan has over 16 years of senior management experience. He served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of KBS International between March 2011 and August2014. From 1994 to present, Mr. Yan has served as general manager of Hongri PRC. Prior to joining us, Mr. Yan served as workshop manager, production managerand marketing manager of Zhenshi Knitting Factory in Shishi, China from 19891994. Mr. Yan obtained a certificate of corporate management from Xiamen Universityin 1992.Ms. Lixia Tu. Ms. Tu became the Company’s Chief Financial Officer on June 25, 2015. Ms. Tu has more than night years of accounting and audit experience, familiarwith IFRS, US GAAP, SarbanesOxley and the compliance requirements of SEC. After she worked as a project manager at BDO China Fu Jian SHU LUN PANCertified Public Accountants for four years, she worked as a CFO or a financial consultant for some other companies. Ms. Tu holds a Master’s degree inprofessional accounting from the University of Deakin in Australia. Ms. Tu is also a member of the Chartered Association of Certified Accountants.Mr. Themis Kalapotharakos. Mr. Kalapotharakos became our executive director on June 15, 2015. Mr. Kalapotharakos has acquired a range of expertise of a widespectrum of business activities. He has extensive highlevel experience at the Shipping, Trading and Finance industries where he has founded, developed andoperated various businesses starting from the ground up. His roles involved regular communication and coordination with investors, financial institutions, capitalmarket authorities, custodian and administrative banks, auditors and legal counsel. He holds a Bachelor’s degree from Cardiff University and an MSc Degree fromCass Business School in the UK.John Sano. Mr. Sano has been an independent director of the Company since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr. Sano has over 20 years ofexperience in apparel & home furnishings concept, design, sourcing, production, and ecommerce. He has extensive experience in all aspects of the retail clothingsupply chain, from conceptualization to final production and distribution. Mr. Sano has also advised and worked closely with numerous top brands in the US. Hehas been General Director of Sano Design Services since 2002. Mr. Sano has an associate’s degree in interior design from Traphagen School of Design.Mr. Matthew C. Los. Mr. Los became our director on October 8, 2015. Mr. Los has acquired a range of expertise of a wide spectrum of business activities. He hasover 20 years’ experience at high level management, and has founded, developed and operated various businesses in the shipping, energy, telecommunications realestate industries starting from the ground up. He also has experience in the capital markets and was the CEO of Aquasition Corp., the predecessor of the Company,prior to the Share Exchange. Mr. Los has a BSc in Mechanical Engineering and Computer Aided Design from University of Westminster in the UK.Mr. Zhongmin Zhang. Mr. Zhang became our director on July 10, 2017. He has over 45 years of extensive experience in many facets of textile business, including inproduction, marketing, and management. Currently, Mr. Zhang is the president of Zhengzhou Guangda Textile Printing & Dyeing Co., Ltd. which has an annualproduction of 216 million meters of various textile products, with a value of RMB 800 million. Holding a title of Senior Engineer, Mr. Zhang graduated from HarbinInstitute of Technology in 1965. He also has certificates in finance management and civil law.Mr. Yuet Mei Chan. Ms. Chan became our director on July 10, 2017. She has over 15 years of experience in the banking industry. She held several senior positions ina prestigious bank in Hong Kong from 20012016. She is currently a financial consultant at AIA and specializes in analyzing financial situations and market trends.Ms. Chan holds a diploma in Computing and Business Studies from Hong Kong St. Perth College.No family relationship exists between any of the persons named above.63Table of ContentsB.CompensationIn 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $207,268 in cash as compensation to our directors and senior management as a group, and some of our directors andexecutive officers also received compensation in the form of annual salaries and bonuses. We do not set aside or accrue any amounts for pension, retirement orother benefits for our directors and senior management. However, we reimburse our directors for outofpocket expenses incurred in connection with their services insuch capacity.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to our executive officers and directors as compensations for theirservices. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to the Company’s executiveofficers, directors and certain employees as compensations for their service. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.2018 Equity Incentive PlanOn December 24, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2018 Plan, pursuant to which the Company may offerup to two million shares of common stock as equity incentives to its directors, employees and consultants. Such number of shares is subject to adjustment in theevent of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, stock splits, stock dividends, or other change in the corporate structure of the Companyaffecting the shares issuable under the 2018 Plan. As of December 31, 2018, we have not granted any equity awards under the 2018 Plan.The following paragraphs summarize the terms of our 2018 Plan:Purpose. The purposes of the 2018 Plan are to promote the longterm growth and profitability of the Company and its affiliates by stimulating the efforts ofemployees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates who are selected to be participants, aligning the longterm interests of participants with thoseof shareholders, heightening the desire of participants to continue in working toward and contributing to our success, attracting and retaining the best availablepersonnel for positions of substantial responsibility, and generally providing additional incentive for them to promote the success of our business through the grantof awards of or pertaining to our common stock. The 2018 Plan permits the grant of ISOs, NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share AppreciationRights, Performance Units and Performance Shares as the administrator of the 2018 Plan may determine.Administration. The 2018 Plan is administered by our Board. The administrator has the authority to determine the specific terms and conditions of all awards grantedunder the 2018 Plan, including, without limitation, the number of shares of common stock subject to each award, the price to be paid for the shares and the applicablevesting criteria. The administrator has discretion to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2018 Plan.Eligibility. NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share Appreciation Rights, Performance Units and Performance Shares may be granted to employees,directors or consultants either alone or in combination with any other awards. ISOs may be granted only to employees of the Company, and of any parent orsubsidiary.Shares Available for Issuance Under the 2018 Plan. Subject to adjustment as described below, (a) the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issuedunder the 2018 Plan is 2,000,000 shares of common stock, (b) to the extent consistent with Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the“Code”), not more than an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of common stock may be issued under ISOs, and (c) not more than 200,000 shares of common stock (or forawards denominated in cash, the Fair Market Value of 200,000 shares of common stock on the Grant Date, as defined in the 2018 Plan), may be awarded to anyindividual participant in the aggregate in any one fiscal year of the Company, such limitation to be applied in a manner consistent with the requirements of, and onlyto the extent required for compliance with, the exclusion from the limitation on deductibility of compensation under Code Section 162(m). The number and class ofshares available under the 2018 Plan are subject to adjustment in the event of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, share splits, sharedividends, or other similar events which change the number or kind of shares outstanding.64Table of ContentsTransferability. Unless otherwise provided in the 2018 Plan or otherwise determined by the administrator, an award may not be sold, pledged, assigned,hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution and may be exercised, during the lifetime of theparticipant, only by the participant. However, the administrator may, at or after the grant of an award other than an ISO, provide that such award may be transferredby the recipient to a “family member” (as defined in the 2018 Plan); provided, however, that any such transfer is without payment of any consideration whatsoeverand that no transfer shall be valid unless first approved by the administrator, acting in its sole discretion, and as required by our Amended and Restated Articles ofIncorporation. If the administrator makes an award transferable, such award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the administrator deemsappropriate.Termination of, or Amendments to, the 2018 Plan. The Board may at any time amend, alter, suspend or terminate the 2018 Plan, provided that the Company willobtain shareholder approval of any 2018 Plan amendment to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with applicable Laws. No amendment, alteration,suspension or termination of the 2018 Plan will impair the rights of any participant, unless mutually agreed otherwise between the participant and the administrator,which agreement must be in writing and signed by the participant and the Company. Termination of the 2018 Plan will not affect the administrator’s ability to exercisethe powers granted to it hereunder with respect to awards granted prior to the date of such termination.The 2018 Plan will terminate five years following the date it was adopted by the Board, unless sooner terminated by the Board.Employment AgreementsPlease refer to Item 10 “Additional Information—C. Material Contracts.”C.Board PracticesOur board of directors currently consists of seven members, Keyan Yan, Lixia Tu, John Sano, Themis Kalapotharakos, Matthew C. Los, Yuet Mei Chan andZhongmin Zhang.The Board has established the Audit Committee, which is comprised entirely of independent directors. From time to time, the Board may establish other committees.Audit CommitteeOur Audit Committee is currently composed of three members: Yuet Mei Chan, John Sano and Matthew C. Los. Our Board of Directors determined that each memberof the Audit Committee meets the independence criteria prescribed by applicable regulation and the rules of the SEC for audit committee membership. Each AuditCommittee member also meets NASDAQ’s financial literacy requirements. Matthew C. Los serves as Chair of the Audit Committee.Our Board of Directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is the “audit committee financial expert” as such term is defined in Item 407(d) of Regulation SKpromulgated by the SEC and also meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements.The Audit Committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our Company. The Audit Committee isresponsible for, among other things:●the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the independent auditor;●reviewing and preapproving all auditing services and permissible nonaudit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed by theindependent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed relatedparty transactions;●discussing the interim and annual financial statements with management and our independent auditors;●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor (a) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls, (b) theCompany’s internal audit procedures, and (c) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, and managementreports thereon;65Table of Contents●reviewing reported violations of the Company’s code of conduct and business ethics; and●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor various topics and events that may have significant financial impact on theCompany or that are the subject of discussions between management and the independent auditors.D.EmployeesAs of December 31, 2018, we employed 370 fulltime employees. The following table sets forth the number of our fulltime employees by function. FunctionNumber ofEmployeesManagement and Administration28Marketing, Sales and Distribution18Design and Product Development20Production281Procurement, Warehousing and Logistics19Quality and Assurance7TOTAL370We believe that we have maintained a satisfactory working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any significant labor disputes or anydifficulty in recruiting staff for company’s operations. None of company’s employees is represented by a labor union.Our employees in China participate in a state pension plan organized by Chinese municipal and provincial governments. The company is required to make monthlycontributions to the plan for each employee at the rate of 23% of his or her average assessable salary. In addition, the company is required by Chinese law to coveremployees in China with various types of social insurance. The company believes that it is in material compliance with the relevant PRC laws.E.Share OwnershipThe following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of each class of our voting securities as of April 26, 2019 (i) by each person who is knownby us to beneficially own more than 5% of our voting securities; (ii) by each of our officers and directors; and (iii) by all of our officers and directors as a group.NameOffice, If AnyTitle of ClassAmount andNature ofBeneficialOwnership(1)Percent ofClass(2)Officers and DirectorsKeyan Yan(3)Chairman, CEO and PresidentCommon Stock964,32037.21%Lixia TuChief Financial Officer and DirectorCommon Stock60,0002.32%Themis KalapotharakosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%John SanoDirectorCommon Stock5,0000.19%Matthew C. LosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%Zhongmin ZhangDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%Yuet Mei ChanDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%All officers and directors as a group (7 personsnamed above)1,129,32043.58%5% Security HoldersKeyan Yan (3)Common Stock964,32037.21%Alliance Investment Management Limited(4)Common Stock195,488(4)7.54%*Less than 1%(1)Beneficial Ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Eachof the beneficial owners listed above has direct ownership of and sole voting power and investment power with respect to our common stock.66Table of Contents(2)As of April 26, 2019, a total of 2,591,299 shares of commons stock are considered to be outstanding pursuant to SEC Rule 13d3(d)(1). For each Beneficial Ownerabove, any securities that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days have been included in the denominator.(3)Includes 20,000 shares of common stock owned by Bizhen Chen, Mr. Yan’s wife.(4)Based solely on Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on August 8, 2018, in which Alliance Investment Management reported it has sole voting and dispositivepower with respect to 195,488 shares of our common stock. The address of the reporting person is 7 Belmont Road, Kingston, Jamaica.None of our existing shareholders has voting rights that differ from the voting rights of other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at asubsequent date, result in our change in control.ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSA.Major ShareholdersPlease refer to Item 6 “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.”B.Related Party TransactionsFrom time to time, KBS and its subsidiaries borrowed money from our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Keyan Yan, to pay for Company expenses. Theseamounts are interestfree, unsecured and repayable on demand. In years 2017 and 2016, Mr. Yan paid all the Company expenses in connection with the Company’sNasdaq continued listing and SEC reporting out of his pocket. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of these amounts we borrowed from Mr. Yan was$485,302 and $35,483, respectively.C.Interests of Experts and CounselNot applicable.ITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATIONA.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial InformationFinancial StatementsWe have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this report. See Item 18 “Financial Statements.”Legal Proceedings We may be subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our business from time to time. We are currently not party to anylegal or arbitration proceedings, including those relating to bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings and those involving any third party, which may have, orhave had in the recent past, significant effects on our financial position or profitability.Dividend PolicyTo date, we have not paid any cash dividends on our shares. As a Marshall Islands company, we may only declare and pay dividends except when the corporationis insolvent or would thereby be made insolvent or when the declaration or payment would be contrary to any restrictions contained in our Articles ofIncorporation. Dividends may be declared and paid out of surplus only; but in case there is no surplus, dividends may be declared or paid out of the net profits forthe fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and for the preceding fiscal year. We currently anticipate that we will retain any available funds to finance thegrowth and operation of our business and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our cash held in foreign countriesmay be subject to certain control limitations or repatriation requirements, limiting our ability to use this cash to pay dividends.67Table of ContentsB.Significant ChangesNo significant change has occurred since the date of our consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTINGA.Offer and Listing DetailsOur common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market and trade under the symbol “KBSF.” Between January 23, 2013 and November 3, 2014, our commonstock was traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “AQU.” Our Warrants and Units are quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “KBSFW”and “KBSFU”, respectively. Prior to November 3, 2014, our Warrants and Units were quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “AQUUF” and “AQUUU”,respectively. Before their quotation on the OTC Markets, our Units commenced to trade on the Nasdaq Stock Market on October 26, 2012 and our Warrantscommenced to trade separately from its Units on January 23, 2013.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.Approximate Number of Holders of Our SecuritiesOn April 26, 2019, there was 1 holder of record of our Units, 359 shareholders of record of our common stock and 1 holder of record of our Warrants. Certain of oursecurities are held in nominee or street name so the actual number of beneficial owners of our securities is greater than the number of record holders set forth above.B.Plan of DistributionNot applicable.C.MarketsSee our disclosures above under “A. Offer and Listing Details.”D.Selling ShareholdersNot applicable. E.DilutionNot applicable.F.Expenses of the IssueNot applicable.68Table of ContentsITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONA.Share CapitalOur Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation authorize the Company to issue up to 155,000,000 shares with a par value of $0.0001, consisting of 150,000,000shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of date of this report, there are 2,591,299 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Wehave never issued any preferred stock.●As of date of this report, we have 717 IPO Units outstanding.●As of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding (including 369,302 IPO Warrants and 24,534 Placement Warrants), each warrant entitles theholder to purchase one share of common stock at a purchase price of $172.5.B.Memorandum and Articles of AssociationThe following represents a summary of certain key provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. The summary does not purport to be a summary of allof the provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. For more complete information you should read our amended and restated articles ofincorporation and bylaws, each listed as an exhibit to this report.We were incorporated in the Marshall Islands on January 26, 2012 under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BCA”). The purpose of the Company isto engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may now or hereafter be organized under the BCA. Our amended and restated articles of incorporationand bylaws do not impose any limitations on the ownership rights of our stockholders.Description of Common StockEach outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Upon our dissolution, liquidation orwinding up of the affairs of the Company, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidationpreferences, if any, the holders or our common stock will be entitled to receive pro rata our remaining assets available for distribution. Holders of common stock donot have conversion, redemption or preemptive rights to subscribe to any of our securities.Blank Check Preferred Stock.Our Board of Directors is authorized, without any further vote or action by our stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in different classesand series and, with respect to each class or series, to determine the designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights,conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the powers and rights associated with the common stock,at such times and on such other terms as they think proper. Our Board of Directors may issue shares of preferred stock on terms calculated to discourage, delay orprevent a change of control of our company or the removal of our management.WarrantsAs of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding, among which 369,302 warrants were issued to the public in our IPO (the “IPO Warrants”). Each ofthe IPO Warrants entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.5 expiring on July 31, 2019, provided that there is an effectiveregistration statement covering the shares of common stock underlying the IPO Warrants.69Table of ContentsThe Company may redeem the IPO Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon 30 days’ notice, after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, only inthe event that the last sale price of the shares of common stock is at least $17.50 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30trading day period (“30Day TradingPeriod”) ending three business days prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is a current registration statement in effect with respectto the shares of common stock underlying such IPO Warrants throughout the 30day redemption period. The Company is only required to use its best efforts tomaintain the effectiveness of the registration statement covering the underlying common stock of the IPO Warrants. There are no contractual penalties for failure todeliver securities if a registration statement is not effective at the time of exercise. Additionally, in the event that a registration statement is not effective at the time ofexercise, the holder of such warrant shall not be entitled to exercise such warrant for cash and in no event (whether in the case of a registration statement not beingeffective or otherwise) will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrant exercise.In addition, Aqua Investments Corp., an entity controlled by certain founding shareholders of the Company, acquired 24,534 warrants, each entitles the holder topurchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50, expiring on July 31, 2019 (the “Placement Warrants”). The Placement Warrants are identical to the IPOWarrants except that the Placement Warrants (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis; (ii) will not be redeemable by the Company and (ii) may beexercised even if there is not an effective registration statement relating to the shares underlying the warrants, so long as they are held by the initial purchaser orany of its permitted transferees.As of date of this report, we also have 717 IPO Units outstanding and publicly trading, each including one IPO Warrant and one share of our common stock.DirectorsThe business and affairs of the Company are managed by or under the direction of our Board of Directors.Our directors are elected by the holders of the shares representing a majority of the total voting power of the thenoutstanding capital stock of the Company entitledto vote generally in the election of directors (“Voting Stock”). Our amended and restated articles of incorporation provide that cumulative voting shall not be used toelect directors. Each director will be elected to serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his/her successor shall have been duly elected andqualified, except in the event of his/her death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of his/her term of office.Any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of thetotal voting power of the Voting Stock entitled to vote thereon or with cause by directors constituting at least twothirds of the entire Board.Vacancies in the Board of Directors occurring by death, resignation, the creation of new directorships, the failure of the shareholders to elect the whole board at anyannual election of directors, or, except as herein provided, for any other reason, including removal of directors for cause, may be filled either by the affirmative voteof a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, at any special meeting called for that purpose or at any regular meeting of theBoard. Vacancies occurring by removal of directors without cause may be filled only by vote of the shareholders.Shareholder MeetingsAnnual stockholder meetings will be held at a time and place selected by our board of directors. The meetings may be held in or outside of the Marshall Islands.Under our amended and restated articles of incorporation, special meetings may be called by the board of directors, or by the secretary of the Company requestedby stockholders representing certain amount of voting power. Our board of directors shall give not less than 15 days and not more than 60 days prior written noticeof a shareholders’ meeting to each shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat and to each shareholder of record who, by reason of any action proposed at suchmeeting would be entitled to have his/her shares appraised if such action were taken, and the notice shall include a statement of that purpose and to that effect.Our bylaws provide that a meeting of shareholders is duly constituted if, at the commencement of the meeting, there are shareholders present in person or by proxyrepresenting not less than a majority of the votes of the shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on resolutions of shareholders to be considered at themeeting.70Table of ContentsIf a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of stock represented at the meeting will be the act of the shareholders. At any meeting ofshareholders, each shareholder entitled to vote any shares on any manner to be voted upon at such meeting shall be entitled to one vote on such matter for eachsuch share. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the action so taken, issigned by all the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof.Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal and Payment.Under the BCA, our stockholders have the right to dissent from various corporate actions, including any merger or sale of all or substantially all of our assets notmade in the usual course of our business, and receive payment of the fair value of their shares. However, the right of a dissenting stockholder to receive payment ofthe fair value of his or her shares shall not be available for any shares of stock of the constituent corporation surviving a merger if the merger did not require for itsapproval the vote of the stockholders of the surviving corporation. In the event of any further amendment of our articles of incorporation, a stockholder also has theright to dissent and receive payment for his or her shares if the amendment alters certain rights in respect of those shares. The dissenting stockholder must followthe procedures set forth in the BCA to receive payment. In the event that we and any dissenting stockholder fail to agree on a price for the shares, the BCAprocedures involve, among other things, the institution of proceedings in the circuit court in the judicial circuit in the Marshall Islands in which our Marshall Islandsoffice is situated. The value of the shares of the dissenting stockholder is fixed by the court after reference, if the court so elects, to the recommendations of a courtappointed appraiser.Stockholders’ Derivative ActionsUnder the BCA, any of our stockholders may bring an action in our name to procure a judgment in our favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that thestockholder bringing the action is a holder of common stock both at the time the derivative action is commenced and at the time of the transaction to which theaction relates.Indemnification of Officers and DirectorsThe BCA authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors and officers to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages forbreaches of directors’ fiduciary duties. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation include a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors formonetary damages for actions taken as a director to the fullest extent permitted by law. We must indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorizedby law. We are also expressly authorized to advance certain expenses (including attorneys’ fees and disbursements and court costs) to our directors and offices andcarry directors’ and officers’ insurance providing indemnification for our directors, officers and certain employees for some liabilities.The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws may discourage stockholders frombringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigationagainst directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. In addition, your investment may beadversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.C.Material ContractsWe have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in Item 4 “Information on theCompany,” Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations,” Item 7 “Major Shareholders and RelatedParty Transactions,” or filed (or incorporated by reference) as exhibits to this annual report or otherwise described or referenced in this annual report.D.Exchange ControlsMarshall Islands Exchange ControlsUnder Marshall Islands law, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect theremittance of dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our shares.71Table of ContentsBVI Exchange ControlsThere are no material exchange controls restrictions on payment of dividends, interest or other payments to the holders of our common stock or on the conduct ofour operations in the BVI, where we were incorporated. There are no material BVI laws that impose any material exchange controls on us or that affect the paymentof dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our common stock. BVI law and our memorandum and articles of association do not impose anymaterial limitations on the right of nonresidents or foreign owners to hold or vote our common stock.PRC Exchange ControlsRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued bySAFE and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade and service payments, payment ofinterest and dividends can be made without prior approval from SAFE by following the appropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMBinto foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRC for the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments,loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from SAFE or its local office.On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency Management Policy on Direct Investment, effective fromJune 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investmentfrom SAFE. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for the purpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed withqualified banks, which, under the supervision of SAFE, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise, or SAFE Circular 19,was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to SAFE Circular 19, a foreigninvested enterprise may, according to its actualbusiness needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchange bureau has confirmedmonetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the time being, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shall truthfully use itscapital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equity investment with theamount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open a corresponding Account forForeign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming andRegulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or SAFE Circular 16, was promulgated and became effective on June 9,2016. According to SAFE Circular 16, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreign currency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionarybasis. SAFE Circular 16 provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items (including but not limited to foreigncurrency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. SAFE Circular 16 reiterates the principle thatRenminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope andmay not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guarantee the principal within the PRCunless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless it is within the businessscope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Optimizing Genuineness and ComplianceVerification, or SAFE Circular 3, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits from domestic entities tooffshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution, original copies oftax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses before remitting any profits.Moreover, pursuant to SAFE Circular 3, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provide boardresolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.72Table of ContentsRegulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsSAFE issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special PurposeVehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issues Concerning theRegulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles, to regulateforeign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investment and financing orconduct round trip investment in China. SAFE Circular 37 defines a SPV as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly or indirectly, by PRC residents orentities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets or interests, while “round tripinvestment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through SPVs, namely, establishing foreigninvested enterprises to obtain theownership, control rights and management rights. SAFE Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into an SPV, PRC residents or entities be required tocomplete foreign exchange registration with SAFE or its local branch. In addition, SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving theAdministration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended SAFE Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015,requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.PRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to SPVs but had not obtained registration as required before theimplementation of the SAFE Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the SPVs with qualified banks. An amendment to the registration isrequired if there is a material change with respect to the SPV registered, such as any change of basic information (including change of the PRC residents, name andoperation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers or divisions. Failure to comply with the registrationprocedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclose controllers of the foreigninvestedenterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to itsoffshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities to penalties under PRC foreignexchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companiesby PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRCsubsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansSAFE promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan ofOverseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issued by SAFE in March 2007. Pursuant tothe Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residents participating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted companyare required to register with SAFE or its local branches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents mustconduct the SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of theoverseas publicly listed company or another qualified institution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevantSAFE registration should there be any material change to the stock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of thePRC residents who have the right to exercise the employee stock options, apply to SAFE or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreigncurrencies in connection with the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the saleof shares under the stock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRCopened by the PRC agents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.73Table of ContentsWe adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We have advised therecipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice. However, wecannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subjectthe PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016 respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014 respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our BVI holding company may rely on dividend payments from IST,which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on the ability of ourconsolidated VIEs to make remittance to IST and on the ability of IST to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations ofthose entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends andother distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you,and otherwise fund and conduct our business”E.TaxationThe following is a general summary of the material Marshall Islands, Hong Kong, BVI, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to an investmentin our units, shares of common stock and warrants to acquire our shares of common stock, sometimes referred to collectively in this summary as our “securities”.The discussion is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal or tax advice to any particular prospective purchaser. The discussion is based on lawsand relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change or different interpretations, possibly withretroactive effect. The discussion does not address United States state or local tax laws, or tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Marshall Islands, Hong Kong,the BVI, the PRC and the United States. We recommend that you consult your own tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquisition, ownership anddisposition of our securities.Marshall Islands TaxationThe following are the material Marshall Islands tax consequences of our activities to us and to our stockholders and warrant holders of investing in our CommonStock and warrants. Under current Marshall Islands law, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains, and no Marshall Islands withholding tax or income taxwill be imposed upon payments of dividends by us to our stockholders or proceeds from the disposition of our common stock and warrants, provided suchstockholders or warrant holders, as the case may be, are not residents in the Marshall Islands. There is no tax treaty between the United States and the Republic ofthe Marshall Islands.BVI TaxationThe BVI does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid to us by our BVI subsidiary, nor does the BVI levy any capital gains or income taxes on us or our BVIsubsidiary. However, our BVI subsidiary is required to pay the BVI government an annual license fee based on the number of shares it is authorized to issue.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the BVI.74Table of ContentsHong Kong TaxationOur Hong Kong subsidiaries, under the current laws of Hong Kong, are subject to profits tax of 16.5%. No provision for Hong Kong profits tax has been made asour Hong Kong subsidiaries have no taxable income.PRC TaxationWe are a holding company incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which indirectly holds our equity interests in our PRC operating subsidiaries. The EIT Law and itsimplementation rules, both of which became effective as of January 1, 2008, provide that a PRC enterprise is subject to a standard income tax rate of 25% and Chinasourced income of foreign enterprises, such as dividends paid by a PRC subsidiary to its overseas parent, will normally be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of10%, unless there are applicable treaties between the overseas parent’s jurisdiction of incorporation and China to reduce such rate.Under the Arrangement between the Mainland and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention ofFiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, or the Double Taxation Arrangement, effective as of January 1, 2007, such dividend withholding tax rate is reducedto 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns over 25% of the PRC company distributing the dividends. Under the aforesaid arrangement, any dividends that ourPRC operating subsidiaries pay to their Hong Kong holding companies may be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 5% if they are not considered to be a PRC“resident enterprise” as described below. However, if the Hong Kong holdings companies are not considered to be the “beneficial owner” of such dividends underthe Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties promulgated by the State Administration of Taxation on October 27,2009 (and not a PRC “resident enterprise”), such dividends would be subject to the withholding tax rate of 10%. The withholding tax rate of 5% or 10% applicablewill have a significant impact on the amount of dividends to be received by us and ultimately by shareholders.According to the Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties, the term “beneficial owner” refers to a person who hasthe right to own and dispose of the income and the rights or properties generated from the said income. The “beneficial owner” may be an individual, a company orany other organization which is usually engaged in substantial business operations. A conduit company is not a “beneficial owner.” The term “conduit company”refers to a company which is usually established for purposes of dodging or reducing taxes, and transferring or accumulating profits. Such a company is onlyregistered in the country of domicile to satisfy the organizational form as required by law, but it does not engage in such substantial business operations asmanufacturing, distribution and management. As our Hong Kong holding companies are controlling companies and are not engaged in substantial businessoperations, they could be considered as conduit companies by tax authorities and we do not expect them to be a beneficial owner.In addition to the changes to the current tax structure, under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto management bodies” withinChina is considered a resident enterprise and will normally be subject to an EIT of 25% on its global income. The implementing rules define the term “de factomanagement bodies” as “an establishment that exercises, in substance, overall management and control over the production, business, personnel, accounting, etc.,of a Chinese enterprise.”It remains unclear whether the PRC tax authorities would require or permit our overseas registered entities to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. We do notcurrently consider our company to be a PRC resident enterprise. However, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterpriseincome tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on ourworldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on offering proceedsand nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although under the EIT Law and its implementing rulesdividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued guidance with respect to the processing ofoutbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidance issuedwith respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation in which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to our nonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC shareholders from transferring our shares.75Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income TaxationThe following is a discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our securities. It does notpurport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s situation. The discussion applies only toholders that hold their securities as capital assets (generally property held for investment) within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based on the Code, income tax regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial positions, published positions of theInternal Revenue Service, or the IRS, and other applicable authorities, all as in effect as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly withretroactive effect. This discussion is general in nature and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations, nor does the discussion address any state, local orforeign tax considerations or any U.S. tax considerations (e.g., estate or gift tax) other than U.S. federal income tax considerations, that may be applicable toparticular holders.This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant in light of particular circumstances, nor does it address the U.S.federal income tax consequences to persons who are subject to special rules under U.S. federal income tax law, including:●banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions;●persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;●taxexempt organizations;●controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid United States federal incometax;●certain former citizens or longterm residents of the United States;●dealers in securities or currencies;●traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting for their securities holdings;●persons that own, or are deemed to own, more than five percent of our capital stock;●holders who acquired our stock as compensation or pursuant to the exercise of a stock option; or●persons who hold our shares as a position in a hedging transaction, “straddle,” or other risk reduction transaction.For purposes of this discussion, a U.S. holder is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (ii) acorporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States (or treated assuch under applicable U.S. tax laws), any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardlessof its source; or (iv) a trust if (a) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have theauthority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) it has a valid election in effect under applicable law and regulations to be treated as a U.S. person forU.S. federal income tax purposes. A nonU.S. holder is a holder that is neither a U.S. holder nor a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S.federal income tax purposes.In the case of a partnership or entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally willdepend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal incometax consequences to them of the merger or of the ownership and disposition of our shares.As a result of consummation of the Share Exchange, (i) we acquired substantially all the properties of KBS International, a U.S. corporation, and (ii) the formershareholders of KBS International held at least 80 percent of our common stock by reason of having held stock of KBS International. Accordingly, under Section7874 of the Code, we are treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as a U.S. corporation and, among other consequences, are subject to U.S. federal income tax on ourworldwide income. This discussion assumes that Section 7874 of the Code continues to apply to treat us as a U.S. corporation for all purposes under the Code. If,for some reason (e.g., future repeal of Section 7874 of the Code), we were no longer treated as a U.S. corporation under the Code, the U.S. federal income taxconsequences described herein could be materially and adversely affected.76Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. HoldersDistributionsIn the event that distributions are paid on our common stock, the gross amount of such distributions will be included in the gross income of the U.S. holder asdividend income on the date of receipt to the extent that the distribution is paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federalincome tax principles. Such dividends will be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Dividends received by noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, may be subject to reduced rates of taxation under current law. A U.S. holdermay be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed on dividends paid by us. However, the foreign tax credit rules arecomplex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 of the Code and the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and theGovernment of the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, or theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty, is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may be entitled to underthe foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.To the extent that dividends paid on our common stock exceed current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distributions will be treated first as a taxfree returnof tax basis on our common stock, and to the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds tax basis, the excess will be treated as gain from the disposition ofthose common stock. Because Section 7874 of the Code has applied to treat us as a U.S. corporation only since consummation of the Share Exchange in 2014, wemay not be able to demonstrate to the IRS the extent to which a distribution on our common stock exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (asdetermined under U.S. federal income tax principles), in which case all of such distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.Sale or Other DispositionU.S. holders of our common stock will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of common stock equal to the differencebetween the amount realized for the common stock and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the common stock. This gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss. Undercurrent law, noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, are eligible for reduced tax rates if the common stock has been held for more than one year. Thedeductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. A U.S. holder may be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed ongain from the sale or other disposition of common stock. However, the foreign tax credit rules are complex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 ofthe Code and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may beentitled to under the foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Unearned Income Medicare ContributionCertain U.S. holders who are individuals, trusts or estates are required to pay an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on, among other things, dividends on and capitalgains from the sale or other disposition of shares of stock. U.S. holders should consult their own advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this rule on their ownershipand disposition of our common stock.U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for NonU.S. HoldersDistributionsThe rules applicable to nonU.S. holders for determining the extent to which distributions on our common stock, if any, constitute dividends for U.S. federal incometax purposes are the same as for U.S. holders. See “–U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. Holders– Distributions.”77Table of ContentsAny dividends paid to a nonU.S. holder by us are treated as income derived from sources within the United States and generally will be subject to U.S. federalincome tax withholding at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends, or at a lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty if nonU.S. holdersprovide proper certification of eligibility for the lower rate (usually on IRS Form W8BEN or W8BENE). Dividends received by a nonU.S. holder that are effectivelyconnected with such holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business (and, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained bythe nonU.S. holder in the U.S.) are exempt from such withholding tax, provided that applicable certification requirements are satisfied. In such case, however, nonU.S. holders will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such dividends, net of certain deductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. In addition, corporatenonU.S. holders may be subject to an additional branch profits tax equal to 30% or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable tax treaty on dividendsreceived that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.If nonU.S. holders are eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, such nonU.S. holders may obtain a refund ofany excess amounts withheld by filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.Sale or Other DispositionExcept as described below for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, any gain realized by a nonU.S. holder upon the saleor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:criminal liability in serious cases.According to the PRC Product Quality Law, consumers or other victims who suffer injury or property losses due to product defects may demand compensation fromthe manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the corresponding amount from the manufacturer if the manufactureris responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Relating to Consumer ProtectionThe principal legal provisions for the protection of consumer interests are set forth in the Law of the PRC on Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests, or theConsumer Protection Law, which was promulgated in October 1993 amended in October 2013. The Consumer Protection Law sets forth standards of behavior thatbusinesses must observe in their dealings with consumers.Violations of the Consumer Protection Law may result in the imposition of fines. In addition, the violating entity may be ordered to suspend its operations, and itsbusiness license may be revoked. There may also be criminal liability in serious cases.According to the Consumer Protection Law, if the legal rights and interests of a consumer are violated during the purchase or use of goods, the consumer may seekcompensation from the seller. If the manufacturer or an upstream distributor is responsible, after compensating the consumer, the seller may recover thecorresponding amount from the manufacturer or the upstream distributor. Consumers or other persons who suffer personal injury or property damages due todefects in products may seek compensation from the manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the correspondingamount from the manufacturer if the manufacturer is responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Related to TrademarksThe PRC Trademark Law, adopted in 1982 and revised in 2001 and 2013, protects the proprietary rights to registered trademarks. The Trademark Office under theState Administration of Industry and Commerce handles trademark registration and grants a term of ten years to registered trademarks and another ten years totrademarks as requested upon expiry of the prior term. Trademark license agreements and transfer agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record.37Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Environmental MattersOur facilities are subject to various governmental regulations related to environmental protection. We use a myriad of chemicals in our operations and produceemissions that could pose environmental risks. Our manufacturing facilities are subject to various pollution control regulations with respect to noise, water and airpollution and the disposal of waste and hazardous materials, including, China’s Environmental Protection Law, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Appraisingof Environment Impacts, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of AirPollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution, and China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of NoisePollution. We are subject to periodic inspections by local environmental protection authorities.We did not incur material costs in environmental compliance in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016. We believe we are in material compliance with the relevant PRCenvironmental laws and regulations. We are not currently subject to any pending actions alleging any violations of applicable PRC environmental laws.Regulations Related to EmploymentThe PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law require that employers must execute written employment contracts with fulltime employees. All employers mustcompensate their employees with wages equal to at least the local minimum wage standards. Violations of the PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law may resultin the imposition of fines and other administrative sanctions, and serious violations may constitute criminal offences.On December 28, 2012, the PRC Labor Contract Law was amended with effect on July 1, 2013 to impose more stringent requirements on labor dispatch. Under suchlaw, dispatched workers are entitled to pay equal to that of fulltime employees for equal work, but the number of dispatched workers that an employer hires may notexceed a certain percentage of its total number of employees as determined by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Additionally, dispatchedworkers are only permitted to engage in temporary, auxiliary or substitute work. According to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch promulgated by theMinistry of Human Resources and Social Security on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014, the number of dispatched workers hired by anemployer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees (including both directly hired employees and dispatched workers). The Interim Provisions onLabor Dispatch require employers not in compliance with the PRC Labor Contract Law in this regard to reduce the number of its dispatched workers to below 10% ofthe total number of its employees prior to March 1, 2016.Enterprises in China are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in certain employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pensionplan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a workrelated injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund,and contribute to the plans or funds in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of the employees as specified by thelocal government from time to time at locations where they operate their businesses or where they are located. The enterprise may be ordered to pay the full amountwithin a deadline if it fails to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans and may be subject to fines and other administrative sanctions.Regulations Relating to Foreign ExchangeRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued by theState Administration of Foreign Exchange and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade andservice payments, payment of interest and dividends can be made without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange by following theappropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRCfor the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange or its local office.38Table of ContentsOn February 13, 2015, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency ManagementPolicy on Direct Investment, effective from June 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign directinvestment and overseas direct investment from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for thepurpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed with qualified banks, which, under the supervision of the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to this Circular, a foreigninvested enterprise may,according to its actual business needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchangebureau has confirmed monetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the timebeing, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shalltruthfully use its capital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equityinvestment with the amount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open acorresponding Account for Foreign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of theState Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts waspromulgated and became effective on June 9, 2016. According to this Circular, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreigncurrency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionary basis. This Circular provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items(including but not limited to foreign currency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. ThisCircular reiterates the principle that Renminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposesbeyond its business scope and may not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guaranteethe principal within the PRC unless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless itis within the business scope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration andOptimizing Genuineness and Compliance Verification, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits fromdomestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution,original copies of tax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses beforeremitting any profits. Moreover, pursuant to this Circular, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provideboard resolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and RoundtripInvestment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Issues Concerning the Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore SpecialPurpose Vehicles, to regulate foreign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investmentand financing or conduct round trip investment in China. Circular 37 defines a “special purpose vehicle” as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly orindirectly, by PRC residents or entities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets orinterests, while “round trip investment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through special purpose vehicles, namely, establishingforeigninvested enterprises to obtain the ownership, control rights and management rights. Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into a specialpurpose vehicle, PRC residents or entities be required to complete foreign exchange registration with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranch. In addition, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the ForeignExchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015, requiring PRC residents or entities toregister with qualified banks rather than the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.39Table of ContentsPRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to special purpose vehicles but had not obtained registration asrequired before the implementation of the Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the special purpose vehicles with qualified banks. Anamendment to the registration is required if there is a material change with respect to the special purpose vehicle registered, such as any change of basic information(including change of the PRC residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers ordivisions. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclosecontrollers of the foreigninvested enterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchangeactivities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, sharetransfer or liquidation, to its offshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities topenalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating toinvestments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our abilityto inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic IndividualsParticipating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issuedby the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in March 2007. Pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residentsparticipating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted company are required to register with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents must conduct the registration and other procedures withrespect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of the overseas publicly listed company or another qualifiedinstitution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevant registration should there be any material change to thestock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of the PRC residents who have the right to exercise the employeestock options, apply to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreign currencies in connectionwith the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the sale of shares under thestock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRC opened by the PRCagents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.We have adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we will have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We haveadvised the recipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.However, we cannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock IncentivePlan Notice. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plansmay subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016, respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014, respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our Marshall Islands holding company may rely on dividend paymentsfrom Hongri PRC, which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on theability of our other PRC subsidiaries to make remittance to Hongri PRC and on the ability of Hongri PRC to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cashgenerated by the operations of those entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We rely to a significant extent on dividends and otherdistributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiary to fund offshore cash and financing requirements.”40Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Overseas ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the StateOwned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective onSeptember 8, 2006 and was amended on June 22, 2009. These regulations, among other things, require that (i) PRC entities or individuals obtain approval from theMinistry of Commerce before they establish or control a special purpose vehicle overseas, provided that they intend to use the special purpose vehicle to acquiretheir equity interests in a PRC company at the consideration of newly issued share of the special purpose vehicle, or Share Swap, and list their equity interests in thePRC company overseas by listing the special purpose vehicle in an overseas market; (ii) the special purpose vehicle obtains approval from the Ministry ofCommerce before it acquires the equity interests held by the PRC entities or PRC individual in the PRC company by Share Swap; and (iii) the special purpose vehicleobtains China Securities Regulatory Commission approval before it lists overseas. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The approval ofthe China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with this offering under a PRC regulation. The regulation also establishes more complexprocedures for acquisitions conducted by foreign investors that could make it more difficult for us to grow through acquisitions.”Regulations Relating to TaxationDividend Withholding TaxIn March 2007, the National People’s Congress enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law which became effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on February 24,2017. According to Enterprise Income Tax Law, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a foreigninvested enterprise in China to its foreignenterprise investors are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that providesfor a preferential withholding arrangement. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Negotiated Reduction of Dividends and Interest Rates,issued on January 29, 2008 and supplemented and revised on February 29, 2008, and the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, which became effective onDecember 8, 2006 and applicable to income derived in any year of assessment commencing on or after April 1, 2007 in Hong Kong and in any year commencing on orafter January 1, 2007 in the PRC, such withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong enterprise is deemed the beneficial owner of any dividend paid by aPRC subsidiary by PRC tax authorities and holds at least 25% of the equity interest in that particular PRC subsidiary at all times within the 12month periodimmediately prior to the distribution of the dividends. Furthermore, pursuant to the Announcement on Issues concerning “Beneficial Owners” in Tax Treaties issuedon February 3, 2018 by the State Administration of Taxation, when determining the status of “beneficial owners,” a comprehensive analysis may be conductedthrough materials such as articles of association, financial statements, records of capital flows, minutes of board of directors, resolutions of board of directors,allocation of manpower and material resources, the relevant expenses, functions and risk assumption, loan contracts, royalty contracts or transfer contracts, patentregistration certificates and copyright certificates, etc. However, even if an applicant has the status as a “beneficiary owner,” if the competent tax authority findsnecessity to apply the principal purpose test clause in the tax treaties or the general antitax avoidance rules stipulated in domestic tax laws, the general antitaxavoidance provisions shall apply.Enterprise Income TaxIn December 2007, the State Council promulgated the Implementing Rules of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008. TheEnterprise Income Tax Law and its relevant implementing rules (i) impose a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate, which is applicable to both foreigninvestedenterprises and domestic enterprises (ii) permits companies to continue to enjoy their existing tax incentives, subject to certain transitional phaseout rules and(iii) introduces new tax incentives, subject to various qualification criteria.41Table of ContentsThe Enterprise Income Tax Law also provides that enterprises organized under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies”located within China may be considered PRC resident enterprises and therefore be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwideincome. The implementing rules further define the term “de facto management body” as the management body that exercises substantial and overall managementand control over the production and operations, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. If an enterprise organized under the laws of jurisdictionoutside China is considered a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, itwould be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. Second, a 10% withholding tax would be imposed on dividends itpays to its nonPRC enterprise shareholders and with respect to gains derived by its nonPRC enterprise shareholders from transfer of its shares.On October 17, 2017, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Bulletin on Issues Concerning the Withholding of NonPRC Resident Enterprise Income Tax atSource, or Bulletin 37, which replaced the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by NonPRC Resident Enterprisesissued by the State Administration of Taxation on December 10, 2009, and partially replaced and supplemented rules under the Bulletin on Issues of EnterpriseIncome Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by NonPRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7, issued by the State Administration of Taxation on February 3, 2015.Under Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by nonPRC resident enterprises may be recharacterizedand treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose ofavoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. In respect of anindirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the relevant gain is to be regarded as effectively connected with the PRC establishment and thereforeincluded in its enterprise income tax filing, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relatesto the immoveable properties in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not effectively connected to a PRC establishment of a nonresident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax at 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similararrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Pursuant to Bulletin 37, the withholding party shalldeclare and pay the withheld tax to the competent tax authority in the place where such withholding party is located within seven days from the date of occurrenceof the withholding obligation. Both Bulletin 37 and Bulletin 7 do not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange wheresuch shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We and our existingshareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a Chinese establishmentof a nonChinese company, or immovable properties located in China owned by nonChinese companies.”ValueAdded TaxIn November 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Pilot Plan for Imposition of ValueAdded Tax to ReplaceBusiness Tax. In March 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation further promulgated the Notice on Fully Promoting the Pilot Plan forReplacing Business Tax by ValueAdded Tax. Pursuant to this Pilot Plan and the relevant notice, value added tax at a rate of 6% is generally imposed, on anationwide basis, on the revenue generated from the provision of service in lieu of business tax in the modern service industries. Value added tax of a rate of 6%applies to revenue derived from the provision of some modern services. Unlike business tax, a taxpayer is allowed to offset the qualified input value added tax paidon taxable purchases against the output value added tax chargeable on the modern services provided.C.Organizational StructureSee “—A. History and Development of the Company—Corporate Structure” above for details of our current organizational structure.42Table of ContentsD.Property, Plants and EquipmentOur company has established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31,2018, this network was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, our company’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The facilityhas a production capacity of 2 million pieces per year and we move in upon the completion of phase 2 in year 2015. By relocating from the coastal area to AnhuiProvince, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a more stable labor supply. We manufacture a variety of menswear products, including, jeans,shirts, suits and socks. Because of its variety and complexity in the production process, these products require special sewing machines and workmanship, whichwe currently do not possess. As a result, the Company is not yet able to produce KBS branded products and has outsourced its KBS branded productmanufacturing to other established ODM and OEM manufacturers in the Fujian and Zhejiang regions. The Company has completed the second phase constructionof its new factory at the end of 2014. The second phase has an annual production capacity of 5 million pieces subject to our purchasing additional equipment.Currently Anhui factory mainly produces OEM orders and some international orders.Our production facility consists of total 110,557 square meters of land. We obtained a portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square metersand 2,440 square meters in May 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildingsand offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need foradditional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of landhas been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Oncethe construction of the new production facilities is completed, our total production capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year fromthe current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.In 2016, we closed 1 corporate store and as of December 31, 2018, we leased the premises for our sole remaining corporate store. We have undertaken variousmeasures to verify the lessees’ rights to the property leased to us in respect of its stores. In China, all land is owned by the State or other governmental bodies, and“ownership” is generally evidenced by a land use rights certificate. We rent some stores that were located in rural areas where land use rights are held collectivelyby villages and records regarding the ownership of land use rights are frequently not kept. In these cases, the company has confirmed our ability to lease the storesthrough communications with village authorities, and has reviewed electricity and water bills to confirm utilities are being paid by the parties leasing the premises tous. Based on the results of these efforts, we believe the risk of third party claims against our leases of these stores is relatively small and the measures taken by ourcompany are sufficient to verify the land use rights for all of its stores.In addition, the property used as our head office and corporate store is leased from a related party, whose ownership of the property has been verified by ourcompany. We paid a total of RMB720,000, RMB 720,000, and RMB 720,000, as rental fees for the existing corporate stores during the fiscal years 2016, 2017 and 2018,respectively. The total area of these 2 corporate stores is 158 square meters. The sales of each store and its location are shown below:AreaSales in fiscalyear 2016(USD)Sales in fiscalyear 2017(USD)Sales in fiscalyear2018(USD)Shishi factory1,240,354.74772,299691,431Quanzhou Dayang (closed in 2016)470,280.90Total:1,710,635.64772,299691,43143Table of ContentsITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot required.ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSWe are engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of casual menswear in China, including apparel and accessories, which we market under the KBSbrand. The KBS brand was developed in 2006. Before 2012, we were engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of fashion sportswear in China. Sinceour products feature a unique and stylish design that is more fashionable than traditional sportswear, as well as quality fabrics and materials and the sportswearmarket was becoming more and more competitive, in late 2011 we turned our focus on casual menswear market which has higher profit margin. KBS’s apparelproducts include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, Jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, belts and caps. In 2016, the suggestedretail prices of KBS’s products ranged from RMB199 to RMB1,499 for its apparel products and RMB15 to RMB899 for its accessory products. KBS holds newproducts launch events twice every year, one in spring and the other in autumn. Since 2006, we have launched about 1,500,536 collections of new products eachyear with a different theme to highlight the current trends for the season. KBS’s marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese.” KBS’scustomers are male middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range, primarily located in tier two and tier three cities in China. The company has adopted “KBS” as auniform brand name, which stands for “Keep Best Style”, and KBS are designed by us for a uniform look and feel that fits our brand image, with instore displaysthat accentuate the quality and style of our products across all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. We believe that the KBSbrand has become a recognized brand name in the cities where their products are sold.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors. Thenumber of stores grew significantly from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006 to 31 corporate stores as of December 31, 2012 and 96franchised stores as of December 31, 2013, and decreased to 84 stores as of December 31, 2014. Because of the recent softening of economic growing in China andfierce competition from our competitors, online store sales of franchised stores and corporate stores went down in 2015 as compared with the previous year. In 2017and 2018, the distributors closed 15 and 8 franchised stores, respectively, and we closed 1 corporate store in year 2016. We generate more revenues from OEM in2018 and intend to generate more in OEM and target area from acquisitions.KBS also acts as an original design manufacturer, or ODM, upon request. Income from such services accounted for 14%, 7.3% and 9% of revenue for the yearsended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, KBS’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The company believesthat the shortage of labor and rising wage expectations in China, especially in the coastal area, could have a material impact on our operations as well as itssuppliers’ cost of manufacturing. By relocating from the coastal area to inland Anhui Province, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a morestable labor supply. Since the company’s original production team was not ready to produce the new style KBS products, KBS has outsourced its productmanufacturing to other established ODM manufacturers. As such, KBS’s own production facility in Taihu mainly takes OEM orders from other sportswearcompanies, like Xtep. Our production facility in Taihu, Anhui Province includes three parcels of land with a total area of 110,557 square meters. We have obtainedland use rights for two parcels of land with an area of 9,845 square meters in 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction ofthe adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire theland use right of the third parcel of land. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 can be continued. Once completed, our totalproduction capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year. We do not necessarilyrely on our own production facility to satisfy the demand of our products as we may outsource some or all of the production work to various ODM and OEMmanufacturers in China.44Table of ContentsA.Principal Factors Affecting Financial PerformanceOur operating results are primarily affected by the following factors:●Growth of China’s menswear industry. With approximately onefifth of the world’s population and a fastgrowing gross domestic product, Chinarepresents a significant growth opportunity for a wide variety of retail goods, including apparel. The enhanced living standards and increased disposableincome that has resulted from the vibrant economic growth has driven the rapid development of the men’s apparel market in China in recent years. China iscurrently one of the world’s largest men’s apparel markets. As a leading provider of casual menswear in China, we believe we are well positioned tocapitalize on the favorable economic, demographic and industry trends in this sector.●Brand recognition. We derive all of our revenues from sales of the KBS branded products in China, and our success depends on the market perceptionand acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture, lifestyle and images associated with this brand. Market acceptance of our brand may affect the sellingprices and market demand for our products, the profit margin of us can achieve, and our ability to grow.●Ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network. The ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in terms of floor area in our salesnetwork affects our results of operations in a given period. The franchised stores operated by our distributors have been and will continue to be the maincontributor to our revenue for the foreseeable future. Under the distribution business model, we sell directly to our distributors and recognize revenuesupon delivery of our products to them. Such distribution network has enabled us to accelerate sales growth at a much lower cost than opening direct storesand has limited our inventory and sales risks. Corporate stores operated by us, on the other hand, despite incurring more significant capital expenditures ascompared with franchised stores, allow us more control over our brand and the consumer’s shopping experience, which are important factors for the overallsuccess of our business. In addition, our corporate store sales generally have a higher gross profit margin than sales to distributors because we are able tosell the products at retail prices directly to the endconsumers and because we recognize expenses relating to our corporate stores as selling anddistribution expenses. Therefore, the ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network will affect our gross profit margin.●Product offering and pricing. Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define menswear trends as well as to anticipate, gauge andreact to changing consumer demands for menswear in a timely manner. Most of our products are subject to changing consumer preferences and fashiontrends that cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumer acceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, andour future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes.●Fluctuations in raw material supply and prices. The per unit cost of producing our products depends on the supply and price of raw materials,particularly fabrics such as cotton, wool and polyester, which have experienced volatility in past years. Increases in the price of raw materials wouldnegatively impact our gross margins if we are not able to offset such price increases through increases in our selling price or changes in product offeringsand mix.Financial Statement PresentationRevenue. During the periods covered by this section, we generated revenue from sales of our menswear products.45Table of ContentsCost of sales. During the periods covered by this section, our cost of sales primarily consisted of the costs of our outsourcing cost, raw materials, labor andoverhead. We did not have any inward or outward freight charges as these charges are borne by our distributors and suppliers.Gross profit and gross margin. For the periods covered by this section, our gross profit is equal to the difference between our net sales and cost of sales. Our grossmargin is equal to the gross profit divided by net sales. Our gross margin may not be comparable to those of other retail entities since some retail entities include allof their distribution network costs in cost of sales and others, like us, include these expenses in another statement of operations line item.Administrative expenses. For the periods covered by this section, general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to ourgeneral management, finance and administrative staff, professional advisor fees, audit fees and other expenses incurred in connection with general operations.Selling expenses. For the periods covered by this section, our selling and marketing expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to our sales andmarketing staff, store rent, business travel, coordination with distributor marketing and promotions, transportation costs and other sales related costs.Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, both in U.S. dollars and as apercentage of or revenue.Year endedDecember 31, 2018Year ended December 31, 2017Year ended December 31, 2016Amount% of SalesAmount% of SalesAmount% of SalesRevenue18,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales20,851,252112%35,274,352148%39,041,93295%Gross (loss)/profit2,316,13712%11,511,81648%2,158,2725%Operating expensesDistribution and selling expenses2,670,95514%3,265,38014%3,606,0109%Administrative expenses4,907,02026%4,879,39721%3,543,9939%Total operating expenses7,577,97541%8,144,77634%7,150,00317%Other income122,1391%461,5642%555,0511%Other gains and losses13,522,30073%122,2441%11,123,76727%Loss from operations23,294,273126%19,317,27281%15,560,44738%Finance costs96,4441%96,3850%71,7830%Change in fair value of warrant liabilities00%00%3,4090%Loss before tax23,390,717126%19,413,65782%15,628,82138%Income tax5,422,11929%4,598,06119%3,726,1339%Loss for the year17,968,59897%14,815,59662%11,902,68829%46Table of ContentsA breakdown of revenue, percentage of revenue and percentage of gross margin by segment for the respective periods is as follows:BybusinessDistribution networkCorporate storesOEMConsolidatedYear endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Sales toexternalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205% of Sales73%63%78%13%29%13%14%7%9%100%100%100%Segmentsgrossmargins2,245,9442,277,8586,623,6175,402,99414,291,6805,727,349845,700502,0071,262,0052,316,13611,511,8162,158,273Grossmarginrate17%15%21%227%205%104%33%29%36%12%48%5%Segment salesFor the year ended December 31, 2018, total revenue decreased by 22% from $23.8 million in 2017 to $18.5 million. Our total revenue of 2017 decreased by 33% from$41.2 million to $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company reports financial and operating results in three segments: distributor network,corporate stores and OEM.Distributor Network —Revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2018 decreased by 10% from $15 million in 2017 to $13 million primarily due to adecrease in sales volume. There was a decrease of revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2017 by 53% from $32.1 million in year 2016 primarily dueto a decrease in sales volume. The distributor segment accounted for 73% of the total revenue in 2018, compared to 63% and 78% during years 2017 and 2016,respectively.In year 2018, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network increased to 17% from 15% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price of newproducts. The sales went down in year 2018 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstockduring previous periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.47Table of ContentsIn year 2017, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network decreased to 15% from 21% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price, and thesales went down in year 2017 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstock duringprevious periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.The Company’s distributor network currently consists of 11 distributors in 12 provinces. Most of these distributors, either directly or through their subdistributors,operate KBSbranded stores. Some wholesale distributors sold the products to multibranded stores and online stores. As of December 31, 2018, distributorsoperated a total of 32 KBSbranded stores, primarily in second and third tier cities. KBS products distributed to the fourth and fifth tier cities are primarily sold inmultibranded department stores.Corporate Stores — Total revenue from corporate store sale for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $6.98 million for year 2017. In 2018 sales fromcorporate store decreased as compared to 2017 due to a decrease in promotion sales of repurchased inventory from certain distributors which are unable to pay offthe debts owed to us.Total revenue from corporate store sales for fiscal year 2017 was $6.98 million, compared to $5.53 million for year 2016. In 2017 sales from corporate stores increasedas compared to 2016 due to an increase in sales volume, which in turn was mainly attributable to the increase in promotion sales on repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors which are unable to pay off the debts owed to us.As of December 31, 2018, we operated 1 corporate store which located in Fujian. Total revenue from corporate store sales of 2018 decreased as compared to 2017because of the decrease the promotion sales of repurchased inventory.The corporate store segment contributed 14% of total revenue in 2018, compared to 29% of 2017 and 13% of 2016. Gross profit margin for the Company’s corporatestore was 232% in 2018, compared to 205% in 2017 and 104% in 2016. The margin compression from 2016 to 2018 is primarily due to: 1) close of 1 corporate store in2016 and the sale of its inventory at a lower price; 2) reduction of sale price of our goods in corporate stores to stimulate sales; 3) loss from sales of repurchasedinventory from certain distributors which sold at big discounted price in year 2017 and year 2018.OEM — The OEM segment is comprised of products that are designed by the customers but manufactured by us. Revenue from the OEM segment increased by$0.83 million to $2.57 million for year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017. Gross profit margin increased to 33%from 29% of year 2017. Revenue from the OEM segment decreased by $1.79 million to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $3.53 million foryear ended December 31, 2016. Gross profit margin decreased to 29% from 36% of year 2016. Our revenues from sales of OEM represented 14%, 9% and 9%,respectively of our total revenues for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.Cost of sales and gross profit rateCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for production purpose,outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges and water and electricity.Our cost of sales decreased from $35 million in year 2017 to $21 million in year 2018. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017.The gross profit rate increased from 48% in year 2017 to 12% in year 2018 due to 1) a decrease in the number of promotion sales in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, whichcaused a loss at RMB 40 million; 2) the higher price of updated new products and improvement of products quality; 3) higher profit margin of OEM segments due tolower amortized fixed fees from big orders from certain customers. In order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continuedoperation, we decided to continue to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors in 2018 and thereafter.48Table of ContentsOur cost of sales decreased from $39 million in year 2016 to $35 million in year 2017. The decrease was consistent with the decrease in our revenue, which resulted ina decrease in purchases by $7 million. The decrease in purchases was mainly due to a challenging retail environment and close of some stores.The gross profit rate decreased from 5% in year 2016 to 48% in year 2017 due to 1) a decrease in the number of our franchised stores from 55 as of December 31,2016 to 40 as of December 31, 2017; 2) in order to make more fair and friendly business environment for our all distributors, we adjusted our price policy to havesame price to our district distributors and province distributors in 2017, the price sell to the district distributor is lower than before. 3) a slowdown in demand inmenswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and our distributors faceddifficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 141.42 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million. Although we are not contractually obligated to buy back the excessiveinventory from any our distributors, in order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continued operation, we decided to do same in2017 to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors and we may implement similar plans in the following years.Administrative expensesAdministrative expenses increased by $0.02 million or 1% to $4.9 million for year 2018 from $4.88 million for 2017. The change was mainly due to the decrease ofoutsourcing design expense and the increase of the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Administrative expenses increased by $1.34 million or 37% to $4.88 million for year 2017 from $3.54 million for 2016. The increase was mainly due to the increase indesign staff expenses and the increase attributable to the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Distribution and selling expensesThe selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.59 million or 18% to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $ 3.2 million in 2017, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expense, products promotion expenses and entertainment expenses.The selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.34 million or 9.45% to $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $ 3.6 million in 2016, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expenses and promotion expense of products including placement order meeting expense.The advertisement expenses of 2018, 2017 and 2016 are relatively even and selling expenses accounted for 6.6%, 7.5% and 9% for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Other gains and lossesOther gains and losses increased by $13.4 million, or 10,875%, to $13.52 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $0.12 million for year 2017. The increasewas mainly due to the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value.Other gains and losses decreased by $11 million, or 98.9%, to $0.12 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $11.1 million for year 2016. The decrease wasmainly due to the fact that there was no additional provision on bad debts from three clients as in 2016.Profit for the yearWe had a loss of $18 million in 2018 as compared to a loss of $14.81 million for 2017, representing a decrease of profit of $3 million or 21%. Net margin was 97% forthe year ended December 31, 2018, compared to 62% for the year ended December 31, 2017.49Table of ContentsWe had a loss of $14.81 million in 2017 as compared to a loss of $11.9 million for 2016, representing a decrease of profit of $2.91 million or 25%. Net margin was 62%for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 29% for the year ended December 31, 2016.Profit for the year decreased from 2018 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons:(1)the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value (2) thedistribution and selling expenses decreased to a small portion of total revenue and the revenue also decreased compared to year ended December 31, 2017; (3) aslowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brands, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling products and paying back the balance owed to us. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 40 million.Profit for the year decreased from 2016 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons: (1) the administrative expenses increased to a large portion of total revenue; and(2) slowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 141.42 millionfrom certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million.B.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesAs of December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $21,026,103. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and cash in the banks. Webelieve that our current levels of cash and cash equivalent and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next12 months. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through net cash flow from operations. Our cash flows are driven by key performance indicatorsincluding the number of orders placed by distributors, number of outlets that each distributor operates the pricing of our products, sales of our corporate stores, andthe collect portion of account receivable. Currently there is only minimal cash held by offshore subsidiaries and there is no need for these subsidiaries to transfercash to Hongri PRC.The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this report:Fiscal Year Ended December 31201820172016Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(3,703,354)$1,922,252$3,194,287Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities52,932(865,365)45,445Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(3,907,291)(39,024)4,919,241Effects of exchange rate change in cash(1,117,062)1,513,138(1,556,980)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080Cash and cash equivalent at end of the period$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,34150Table of ContentsOperating ActivitiesThe net cash provided by operating activities consists of profit before tax, as adjusted by finance costs, change in fair value of warrant liabilities, interest income,shared based compensation, bad debt allowance, depreciation of property, plant and equipment, amortization of prepaid lease payment and trademark, amortizationof subsidies prepaid to distributors, amortization of prepayment and premiums under operating leases, provision(Reversal) of inventory obsolescence, provision ofimpairment loss in prepayments, loss(gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment, deferred income tax, which include trade and other receivables, prepaymentand deferred expenses, inventory, trade and other payables.Net cash used in operating activities in fiscal year 2018 was $3.7 million, compared with net cash provided by operating activities of $1.9 million in the year endedDecember 31, 2017. The change is mainly due to the increase of provision of Anhui property and the increase of deferred tax due to the loss of fiscal year 2018.Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.9 million, compared with $3.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2016. The change is mainlydue to the decrease in the amount of collection of account receivable.Investing ActivitiesNet cash provided by investing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.05 million, compared with $0.8 million net cash used in investing activities in 2017. The net cashprovided in investing activities in 2018 was interest received from our bank deposits.Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $0.8 million, compared with $0.04 million net cash provided by investing activities in 2016. The net cashused in investing activities in 2017 was to purchase fire protection facility.Financing ActivitiesNet cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.26 million, compared with $1.1 million net cash used in financing activities in 2017. It mainly consistedof repayment of bank loans in 2018.Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.1 million, compared with $1.68 million net cash provided by financing activities in 2016. It mainlyconsisted of interests paid for our bank loans.Loans, Other Commitments, ContingenciesAs of December 31, 2018, we had bank loans in an amount of $1,092,785. We may, however, in the future, require additional cash resources due to changing businessconditions, implementation of our strategy to expand our business or other investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our own financial resources areinsufficient to satisfy the capital requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain additional credit facilities. The sale of additionalequity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require usto agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overallbusiness prospects.C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.Our industry is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and changing customer demands. These conditions require continuousexpenditures on product research and development to enhance existing products create new products and avoid product obsolescence. See Item 3 “Key Information—D. Risk Factors—If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected,” —“Ifwe are unable to keep pace with the rapid technological changes in our industry, demand for our products and services could decline which would adversely affectour revenue,” and —“Our technology may become obsolete which could materially adversely affect our ability to sell our products and services.” For a detailedanalysis of research and development costs, see Item 5.A. “Operating Results—Results of Operations—Research and development expenses”.D.Trend InformationOther than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that wouldcause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.E.Off Balance Sheet ArrangementsWe do not have any off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes infinancial condition, sales or expenses, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures, or capital resources that are material to an investment in our securities.51Table of ContentsF.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual ObligationsThe table below shows our material contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018.Payments Due by PeriodLess than1 year13 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsContractual ObligationsConstruction Obligations$64,088,236Operating Lease Obligations$78,532146,7052,225,030Total$64,166,768146,7052,225,030Anhui Factory Construction ContractOn November 20, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party for the construction of a new plant with a total size of 110,557 square meters, atTaihu City, Anhui at a consideration of RMB 690 million (equivalent to approximately $104 million). This is the frame contract for the construction of Anhui factoryand round estimation. By December 31, 2016 we had already paid about $37.75 million in total on the phase 1, 2, 3 of construction based on detailed phase contractand the balance of construction cost of the Anui factory need to be determined based on the ontime budget on every phase. The majority of funds for constructionexpenses came from the cash balance on the account as of December 31, 2018 and the new profit of following year.Anhui Land Use Right Acquisition ContractOn September 2, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party to acquire a land use right in relation to the development of factories in Taihu City,Anhui Province, at a total consideration of RMB 43 million (approximately $6.3 million). Full consideration was paid in September 2010. There are three parts of theland. The Company has obtained land use rights certificates for the first parcel of land with 7,405 square meters on March 19, 2012, and the second parcel of landwith 2,440 square meters on May 26, 2012. The Company is currently in the process of obtaining the land use right certificate for the third parcel of the land with100,712 square meters.Except as set forth above, we have no other material longterm debt, capital or operating lease or fixed purchase obligations.InflationInflation and changing prices have not had a material effect on our business, and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect ourbusiness in the foreseeable future. However, our management will closely monitor price changes in the Chinese economy and the apparel industry and continuallymaintain effective cost controls in operations.52Table of ContentsSeasonalityOur business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal. Historically, we have realized more of our revenue and earnings in the fourth quarter, which includes themajority of the holiday shopping season, than in any other fiscal quarter.Critical Accounting PoliciesThe preparation of financial statements is in conformity with IFRS as issued by the IASB. It requires the Company’s management to make assumptions, estimatesand judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. The Company hasidentified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of Company’s financial statements. These accounting policies are important for anunderstanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of theCompany’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to makeestimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitivebecause of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly frommanagement’s current judgments. The Company believes the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in thepreparation of the Company’s financial statements.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects the considerationto which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled in exchange fortransferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that asignificant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration issubsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to the customerfor more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would be reflected in a separatefinancing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financing component which provides theCompany a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interest expense accreted on the contract liabilityunder the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services is oneyear or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component, using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of the goods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receiptsover the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.53Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with thedividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. Revenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer. Revenue from allabove categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of thetransaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered and title has passed.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting the deductible inputVAT of the period, is VAT payable.54Table of ContentsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial periodof time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use orsale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal government retirementbenefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fund their retirementbenefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal government takes responsibility for theretirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly, the only obligation of the Groupwith respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employment with the Group. There are no provisionsunder the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans are considered defined contribution plans. The Grouphas no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixed contributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pensionschemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service is performed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised inother comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Groupoperates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable taxregulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred taxassets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which thosedeductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or fromthe initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accountingprofit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able to control thereversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising fromdeductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profitsagainst which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.55Table of ContentsThe carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficienttaxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based ontax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assetsreflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carryingamount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when thedeferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities wherethere is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, inwhich case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arisesfrom the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.Store preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll and supplies.The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenses when occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases areclassified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes. Leaseholdimprovements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes other thanconstruction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful lives and aftertaking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction in progressis carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment whencompleted and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for theirintended use.56Table of ContentsAn item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of theasset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) isincluded in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.The Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights to use theland on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizable valuerepresents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fair valuethrough profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model formanaging them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the practicalexpedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus in the case of a financialasset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group hasapplied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance with the policies set out for “Revenue recognition(applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cash flowsthat are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established by regulation orconvention in the marketplace.57Subsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognised inthe income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversals arerecognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair value changes arerecognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive income is recycled to theincome statement.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under HKAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. The classification isdetermined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statement when theright of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and the amount of the dividendcan be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains arerecorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income are not subject to impairmentassessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value throughprofit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for thepurpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading unless they aredesignated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interest are classified and measured atfair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to be classified at amortised cost or at fairvalue through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition ifdoing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.58Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in theincome statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separate derivative if theeconomic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet thedefinition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changesin fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cashflows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between thecontractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the originaleffective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to thecontractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are providedfor credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been asignificant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespectiveof the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. When making theassessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on thefinancial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort,including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider afinancial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full beforetaking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering thecontractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the general approach andthey are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach as detailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured at anamount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets and for whichthe loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the loss allowance ismeasured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs59Simplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of asignificant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not track changes incredit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on itshistorical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt the simplifiedapproach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed from theGroup’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to what extent, ithas retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset nortransferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Groupalso recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that theGroup has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and the maximumamount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’sfinancial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.Subsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method unless theeffect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement when the liabilities arederecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.60Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantiallymodified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference between therespective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right tooffset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to the contractualprovisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financialassets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.The Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. Theeffective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of theeffective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, where appropriate, a shorter period tothe net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.61Table of ContentsReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including trade and otherreceivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment (seeaccounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a resultof one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have been affected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequently assessed forimpairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience of collecting payments,and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national or local economic conditions thatcorrelate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between the asset’scarrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.The carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables, where thecarrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized in profit or loss. When atrade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off arecredited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment losseswas recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset at the date theimpairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.G.Safe HarborSee “Introductory Notes—ForwardLooking Information.”62Table of ContentsITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEESA.Directors and Senior ManagementThe following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors and senior management, as well as employees upon whose work we are dependent, as ofthe date of this annual report.NAMEAGEPOSITIONKeyan Yan47Chairman and Chief Executive OfficerThemis Kalapotharakos44Executive DirectorLixiaTu37Chief Financial Officer and DirectorJohn Sano49Independent DirectorMatthew C. Los54Independent DirectorZhongmin Zhang76Independent DirectorYuet Mei Chan38Independent DirectorMr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has been the Chairman of our board of directors and Chief Executive Officer since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr.Yan has over 16 years of senior management experience. He served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of KBS International between March 2011 and August2014. From 1994 to present, Mr. Yan has served as general manager of Hongri PRC. Prior to joining us, Mr. Yan served as workshop manager, production managerand marketing manager of Zhenshi Knitting Factory in Shishi, China from 19891994. Mr. Yan obtained a certificate of corporate management from Xiamen Universityin 1992.Ms. Lixia Tu. Ms. Tu became the Company’s Chief Financial Officer on June 25, 2015. Ms. Tu has more than night years of accounting and audit experience, familiarwith IFRS, US GAAP, SarbanesOxley and the compliance requirements of SEC. After she worked as a project manager at BDO China Fu Jian SHU LUN PANCertified Public Accountants for four years, she worked as a CFO or a financial consultant for some other companies. Ms. Tu holds a Master’s degree inprofessional accounting from the University of Deakin in Australia. Ms. Tu is also a member of the Chartered Association of Certified Accountants.Mr. Themis Kalapotharakos. Mr. Kalapotharakos became our executive director on June 15, 2015. Mr. Kalapotharakos has acquired a range of expertise of a widespectrum of business activities. He has extensive highlevel experience at the Shipping, Trading and Finance industries where he has founded, developed andoperated various businesses starting from the ground up. His roles involved regular communication and coordination with investors, financial institutions, capitalmarket authorities, custodian and administrative banks, auditors and legal counsel. He holds a Bachelor’s degree from Cardiff University and an MSc Degree fromCass Business School in the UK.John Sano. Mr. Sano has been an independent director of the Company since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr. Sano has over 20 years ofexperience in apparel & home furnishings concept, design, sourcing, production, and ecommerce. He has extensive experience in all aspects of the retail clothingsupply chain, from conceptualization to final production and distribution. Mr. Sano has also advised and worked closely with numerous top brands in the US. Hehas been General Director of Sano Design Services since 2002. Mr. Sano has an associate’s degree in interior design from Traphagen School of Design.Mr. Matthew C. Los. Mr. Los became our director on October 8, 2015. Mr. Los has acquired a range of expertise of a wide spectrum of business activities. He hasover 20 years’ experience at high level management, and has founded, developed and operated various businesses in the shipping, energy, telecommunications realestate industries starting from the ground up. He also has experience in the capital markets and was the CEO of Aquasition Corp., the predecessor of the Company,prior to the Share Exchange. Mr. Los has a BSc in Mechanical Engineering and Computer Aided Design from University of Westminster in the UK.Mr. Zhongmin Zhang. Mr. Zhang became our director on July 10, 2017. He has over 45 years of extensive experience in many facets of textile business, including inproduction, marketing, and management. Currently, Mr. Zhang is the president of Zhengzhou Guangda Textile Printing & Dyeing Co., Ltd. which has an annualproduction of 216 million meters of various textile products, with a value of RMB 800 million. Holding a title of Senior Engineer, Mr. Zhang graduated from HarbinInstitute of Technology in 1965. He also has certificates in finance management and civil law.Mr. Yuet Mei Chan. Ms. Chan became our director on July 10, 2017. She has over 15 years of experience in the banking industry. She held several senior positions ina prestigious bank in Hong Kong from 20012016. She is currently a financial consultant at AIA and specializes in analyzing financial situations and market trends.Ms. Chan holds a diploma in Computing and Business Studies from Hong Kong St. Perth College.No family relationship exists between any of the persons named above.63Table of ContentsB.CompensationIn 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $207,268 in cash as compensation to our directors and senior management as a group, and some of our directors andexecutive officers also received compensation in the form of annual salaries and bonuses. We do not set aside or accrue any amounts for pension, retirement orother benefits for our directors and senior management. However, we reimburse our directors for outofpocket expenses incurred in connection with their services insuch capacity.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to our executive officers and directors as compensations for theirservices. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to the Company’s executiveofficers, directors and certain employees as compensations for their service. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.2018 Equity Incentive PlanOn December 24, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2018 Plan, pursuant to which the Company may offerup to two million shares of common stock as equity incentives to its directors, employees and consultants. Such number of shares is subject to adjustment in theevent of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, stock splits, stock dividends, or other change in the corporate structure of the Companyaffecting the shares issuable under the 2018 Plan. As of December 31, 2018, we have not granted any equity awards under the 2018 Plan.The following paragraphs summarize the terms of our 2018 Plan:Purpose. The purposes of the 2018 Plan are to promote the longterm growth and profitability of the Company and its affiliates by stimulating the efforts ofemployees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates who are selected to be participants, aligning the longterm interests of participants with thoseof shareholders, heightening the desire of participants to continue in working toward and contributing to our success, attracting and retaining the best availablepersonnel for positions of substantial responsibility, and generally providing additional incentive for them to promote the success of our business through the grantof awards of or pertaining to our common stock. The 2018 Plan permits the grant of ISOs, NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share AppreciationRights, Performance Units and Performance Shares as the administrator of the 2018 Plan may determine.Administration. The 2018 Plan is administered by our Board. The administrator has the authority to determine the specific terms and conditions of all awards grantedunder the 2018 Plan, including, without limitation, the number of shares of common stock subject to each award, the price to be paid for the shares and the applicablevesting criteria. The administrator has discretion to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2018 Plan.Eligibility. NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share Appreciation Rights, Performance Units and Performance Shares may be granted to employees,directors or consultants either alone or in combination with any other awards. ISOs may be granted only to employees of the Company, and of any parent orsubsidiary.Shares Available for Issuance Under the 2018 Plan. Subject to adjustment as described below, (a) the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issuedunder the 2018 Plan is 2,000,000 shares of common stock, (b) to the extent consistent with Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the“Code”), not more than an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of common stock may be issued under ISOs, and (c) not more than 200,000 shares of common stock (or forawards denominated in cash, the Fair Market Value of 200,000 shares of common stock on the Grant Date, as defined in the 2018 Plan), may be awarded to anyindividual participant in the aggregate in any one fiscal year of the Company, such limitation to be applied in a manner consistent with the requirements of, and onlyto the extent required for compliance with, the exclusion from the limitation on deductibility of compensation under Code Section 162(m). The number and class ofshares available under the 2018 Plan are subject to adjustment in the event of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, share splits, sharedividends, or other similar events which change the number or kind of shares outstanding.64Table of ContentsTransferability. Unless otherwise provided in the 2018 Plan or otherwise determined by the administrator, an award may not be sold, pledged, assigned,hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution and may be exercised, during the lifetime of theparticipant, only by the participant. However, the administrator may, at or after the grant of an award other than an ISO, provide that such award may be transferredby the recipient to a “family member” (as defined in the 2018 Plan); provided, however, that any such transfer is without payment of any consideration whatsoeverand that no transfer shall be valid unless first approved by the administrator, acting in its sole discretion, and as required by our Amended and Restated Articles ofIncorporation. If the administrator makes an award transferable, such award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the administrator deemsappropriate.Termination of, or Amendments to, the 2018 Plan. The Board may at any time amend, alter, suspend or terminate the 2018 Plan, provided that the Company willobtain shareholder approval of any 2018 Plan amendment to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with applicable Laws. No amendment, alteration,suspension or termination of the 2018 Plan will impair the rights of any participant, unless mutually agreed otherwise between the participant and the administrator,which agreement must be in writing and signed by the participant and the Company. Termination of the 2018 Plan will not affect the administrator’s ability to exercisethe powers granted to it hereunder with respect to awards granted prior to the date of such termination.The 2018 Plan will terminate five years following the date it was adopted by the Board, unless sooner terminated by the Board.Employment AgreementsPlease refer to Item 10 “Additional Information—C. Material Contracts.”C.Board PracticesOur board of directors currently consists of seven members, Keyan Yan, Lixia Tu, John Sano, Themis Kalapotharakos, Matthew C. Los, Yuet Mei Chan andZhongmin Zhang.The Board has established the Audit Committee, which is comprised entirely of independent directors. From time to time, the Board may establish other committees.Audit CommitteeOur Audit Committee is currently composed of three members: Yuet Mei Chan, John Sano and Matthew C. Los. Our Board of Directors determined that each memberof the Audit Committee meets the independence criteria prescribed by applicable regulation and the rules of the SEC for audit committee membership. Each AuditCommittee member also meets NASDAQ’s financial literacy requirements. Matthew C. Los serves as Chair of the Audit Committee.Our Board of Directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is the “audit committee financial expert” as such term is defined in Item 407(d) of Regulation SKpromulgated by the SEC and also meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements.The Audit Committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our Company. The Audit Committee isresponsible for, among other things:●the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the independent auditor;●reviewing and preapproving all auditing services and permissible nonaudit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed by theindependent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed relatedparty transactions;●discussing the interim and annual financial statements with management and our independent auditors;●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor (a) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls, (b) theCompany’s internal audit procedures, and (c) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, and managementreports thereon;65Table of Contents●reviewing reported violations of the Company’s code of conduct and business ethics; and●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor various topics and events that may have significant financial impact on theCompany or that are the subject of discussions between management and the independent auditors.D.EmployeesAs of December 31, 2018, we employed 370 fulltime employees. The following table sets forth the number of our fulltime employees by function. FunctionNumber ofEmployeesManagement and Administration28Marketing, Sales and Distribution18Design and Product Development20Production281Procurement, Warehousing and Logistics19Quality and Assurance7TOTAL370We believe that we have maintained a satisfactory working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any significant labor disputes or anydifficulty in recruiting staff for company’s operations. None of company’s employees is represented by a labor union.Our employees in China participate in a state pension plan organized by Chinese municipal and provincial governments. The company is required to make monthlycontributions to the plan for each employee at the rate of 23% of his or her average assessable salary. In addition, the company is required by Chinese law to coveremployees in China with various types of social insurance. The company believes that it is in material compliance with the relevant PRC laws.E.Share OwnershipThe following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of each class of our voting securities as of April 26, 2019 (i) by each person who is knownby us to beneficially own more than 5% of our voting securities; (ii) by each of our officers and directors; and (iii) by all of our officers and directors as a group.NameOffice, If AnyTitle of ClassAmount andNature ofBeneficialOwnership(1)Percent ofClass(2)Officers and DirectorsKeyan Yan(3)Chairman, CEO and PresidentCommon Stock964,32037.21%Lixia TuChief Financial Officer and DirectorCommon Stock60,0002.32%Themis KalapotharakosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%John SanoDirectorCommon Stock5,0000.19%Matthew C. LosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%Zhongmin ZhangDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%Yuet Mei ChanDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%All officers and directors as a group (7 personsnamed above)1,129,32043.58%5% Security HoldersKeyan Yan (3)Common Stock964,32037.21%Alliance Investment Management Limited(4)Common Stock195,488(4)7.54%*Less than 1%(1)Beneficial Ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Eachof the beneficial owners listed above has direct ownership of and sole voting power and investment power with respect to our common stock.66Table of Contents(2)As of April 26, 2019, a total of 2,591,299 shares of commons stock are considered to be outstanding pursuant to SEC Rule 13d3(d)(1). For each Beneficial Ownerabove, any securities that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days have been included in the denominator.(3)Includes 20,000 shares of common stock owned by Bizhen Chen, Mr. Yan’s wife.(4)Based solely on Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on August 8, 2018, in which Alliance Investment Management reported it has sole voting and dispositivepower with respect to 195,488 shares of our common stock. The address of the reporting person is 7 Belmont Road, Kingston, Jamaica.None of our existing shareholders has voting rights that differ from the voting rights of other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at asubsequent date, result in our change in control.ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSA.Major ShareholdersPlease refer to Item 6 “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.”B.Related Party TransactionsFrom time to time, KBS and its subsidiaries borrowed money from our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Keyan Yan, to pay for Company expenses. Theseamounts are interestfree, unsecured and repayable on demand. In years 2017 and 2016, Mr. Yan paid all the Company expenses in connection with the Company’sNasdaq continued listing and SEC reporting out of his pocket. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of these amounts we borrowed from Mr. Yan was$485,302 and $35,483, respectively.C.Interests of Experts and CounselNot applicable.ITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATIONA.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial InformationFinancial StatementsWe have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this report. See Item 18 “Financial Statements.”Legal Proceedings We may be subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our business from time to time. We are currently not party to anylegal or arbitration proceedings, including those relating to bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings and those involving any third party, which may have, orhave had in the recent past, significant effects on our financial position or profitability.Dividend PolicyTo date, we have not paid any cash dividends on our shares. As a Marshall Islands company, we may only declare and pay dividends except when the corporationis insolvent or would thereby be made insolvent or when the declaration or payment would be contrary to any restrictions contained in our Articles ofIncorporation. Dividends may be declared and paid out of surplus only; but in case there is no surplus, dividends may be declared or paid out of the net profits forthe fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and for the preceding fiscal year. We currently anticipate that we will retain any available funds to finance thegrowth and operation of our business and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our cash held in foreign countriesmay be subject to certain control limitations or repatriation requirements, limiting our ability to use this cash to pay dividends.67Table of ContentsB.Significant ChangesNo significant change has occurred since the date of our consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTINGA.Offer and Listing DetailsOur common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market and trade under the symbol “KBSF.” Between January 23, 2013 and November 3, 2014, our commonstock was traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “AQU.” Our Warrants and Units are quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “KBSFW”and “KBSFU”, respectively. Prior to November 3, 2014, our Warrants and Units were quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “AQUUF” and “AQUUU”,respectively. Before their quotation on the OTC Markets, our Units commenced to trade on the Nasdaq Stock Market on October 26, 2012 and our Warrantscommenced to trade separately from its Units on January 23, 2013.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.Approximate Number of Holders of Our SecuritiesOn April 26, 2019, there was 1 holder of record of our Units, 359 shareholders of record of our common stock and 1 holder of record of our Warrants. Certain of oursecurities are held in nominee or street name so the actual number of beneficial owners of our securities is greater than the number of record holders set forth above.B.Plan of DistributionNot applicable.C.MarketsSee our disclosures above under “A. Offer and Listing Details.”D.Selling ShareholdersNot applicable. E.DilutionNot applicable.F.Expenses of the IssueNot applicable.68Table of ContentsITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONA.Share CapitalOur Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation authorize the Company to issue up to 155,000,000 shares with a par value of $0.0001, consisting of 150,000,000shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of date of this report, there are 2,591,299 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Wehave never issued any preferred stock.●As of date of this report, we have 717 IPO Units outstanding.●As of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding (including 369,302 IPO Warrants and 24,534 Placement Warrants), each warrant entitles theholder to purchase one share of common stock at a purchase price of $172.5.B.Memorandum and Articles of AssociationThe following represents a summary of certain key provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. The summary does not purport to be a summary of allof the provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. For more complete information you should read our amended and restated articles ofincorporation and bylaws, each listed as an exhibit to this report.We were incorporated in the Marshall Islands on January 26, 2012 under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BCA”). The purpose of the Company isto engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may now or hereafter be organized under the BCA. Our amended and restated articles of incorporationand bylaws do not impose any limitations on the ownership rights of our stockholders.Description of Common StockEach outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Upon our dissolution, liquidation orwinding up of the affairs of the Company, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidationpreferences, if any, the holders or our common stock will be entitled to receive pro rata our remaining assets available for distribution. Holders of common stock donot have conversion, redemption or preemptive rights to subscribe to any of our securities.Blank Check Preferred Stock.Our Board of Directors is authorized, without any further vote or action by our stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in different classesand series and, with respect to each class or series, to determine the designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights,conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the powers and rights associated with the common stock,at such times and on such other terms as they think proper. Our Board of Directors may issue shares of preferred stock on terms calculated to discourage, delay orprevent a change of control of our company or the removal of our management.WarrantsAs of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding, among which 369,302 warrants were issued to the public in our IPO (the “IPO Warrants”). Each ofthe IPO Warrants entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.5 expiring on July 31, 2019, provided that there is an effectiveregistration statement covering the shares of common stock underlying the IPO Warrants.69Table of ContentsThe Company may redeem the IPO Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon 30 days’ notice, after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, only inthe event that the last sale price of the shares of common stock is at least $17.50 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30trading day period (“30Day TradingPeriod”) ending three business days prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is a current registration statement in effect with respectto the shares of common stock underlying such IPO Warrants throughout the 30day redemption period. The Company is only required to use its best efforts tomaintain the effectiveness of the registration statement covering the underlying common stock of the IPO Warrants. There are no contractual penalties for failure todeliver securities if a registration statement is not effective at the time of exercise. Additionally, in the event that a registration statement is not effective at the time ofexercise, the holder of such warrant shall not be entitled to exercise such warrant for cash and in no event (whether in the case of a registration statement not beingeffective or otherwise) will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrant exercise.In addition, Aqua Investments Corp., an entity controlled by certain founding shareholders of the Company, acquired 24,534 warrants, each entitles the holder topurchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50, expiring on July 31, 2019 (the “Placement Warrants”). The Placement Warrants are identical to the IPOWarrants except that the Placement Warrants (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis; (ii) will not be redeemable by the Company and (ii) may beexercised even if there is not an effective registration statement relating to the shares underlying the warrants, so long as they are held by the initial purchaser orany of its permitted transferees.As of date of this report, we also have 717 IPO Units outstanding and publicly trading, each including one IPO Warrant and one share of our common stock.DirectorsThe business and affairs of the Company are managed by or under the direction of our Board of Directors.Our directors are elected by the holders of the shares representing a majority of the total voting power of the thenoutstanding capital stock of the Company entitledto vote generally in the election of directors (“Voting Stock”). Our amended and restated articles of incorporation provide that cumulative voting shall not be used toelect directors. Each director will be elected to serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his/her successor shall have been duly elected andqualified, except in the event of his/her death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of his/her term of office.Any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of thetotal voting power of the Voting Stock entitled to vote thereon or with cause by directors constituting at least twothirds of the entire Board.Vacancies in the Board of Directors occurring by death, resignation, the creation of new directorships, the failure of the shareholders to elect the whole board at anyannual election of directors, or, except as herein provided, for any other reason, including removal of directors for cause, may be filled either by the affirmative voteof a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, at any special meeting called for that purpose or at any regular meeting of theBoard. Vacancies occurring by removal of directors without cause may be filled only by vote of the shareholders.Shareholder MeetingsAnnual stockholder meetings will be held at a time and place selected by our board of directors. The meetings may be held in or outside of the Marshall Islands.Under our amended and restated articles of incorporation, special meetings may be called by the board of directors, or by the secretary of the Company requestedby stockholders representing certain amount of voting power. Our board of directors shall give not less than 15 days and not more than 60 days prior written noticeof a shareholders’ meeting to each shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat and to each shareholder of record who, by reason of any action proposed at suchmeeting would be entitled to have his/her shares appraised if such action were taken, and the notice shall include a statement of that purpose and to that effect.Our bylaws provide that a meeting of shareholders is duly constituted if, at the commencement of the meeting, there are shareholders present in person or by proxyrepresenting not less than a majority of the votes of the shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on resolutions of shareholders to be considered at themeeting.70Table of ContentsIf a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of stock represented at the meeting will be the act of the shareholders. At any meeting ofshareholders, each shareholder entitled to vote any shares on any manner to be voted upon at such meeting shall be entitled to one vote on such matter for eachsuch share. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the action so taken, issigned by all the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof.Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal and Payment.Under the BCA, our stockholders have the right to dissent from various corporate actions, including any merger or sale of all or substantially all of our assets notmade in the usual course of our business, and receive payment of the fair value of their shares. However, the right of a dissenting stockholder to receive payment ofthe fair value of his or her shares shall not be available for any shares of stock of the constituent corporation surviving a merger if the merger did not require for itsapproval the vote of the stockholders of the surviving corporation. In the event of any further amendment of our articles of incorporation, a stockholder also has theright to dissent and receive payment for his or her shares if the amendment alters certain rights in respect of those shares. The dissenting stockholder must followthe procedures set forth in the BCA to receive payment. In the event that we and any dissenting stockholder fail to agree on a price for the shares, the BCAprocedures involve, among other things, the institution of proceedings in the circuit court in the judicial circuit in the Marshall Islands in which our Marshall Islandsoffice is situated. The value of the shares of the dissenting stockholder is fixed by the court after reference, if the court so elects, to the recommendations of a courtappointed appraiser.Stockholders’ Derivative ActionsUnder the BCA, any of our stockholders may bring an action in our name to procure a judgment in our favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that thestockholder bringing the action is a holder of common stock both at the time the derivative action is commenced and at the time of the transaction to which theaction relates.Indemnification of Officers and DirectorsThe BCA authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors and officers to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages forbreaches of directors’ fiduciary duties. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation include a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors formonetary damages for actions taken as a director to the fullest extent permitted by law. We must indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorizedby law. We are also expressly authorized to advance certain expenses (including attorneys’ fees and disbursements and court costs) to our directors and offices andcarry directors’ and officers’ insurance providing indemnification for our directors, officers and certain employees for some liabilities.The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws may discourage stockholders frombringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigationagainst directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. In addition, your investment may beadversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.C.Material ContractsWe have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in Item 4 “Information on theCompany,” Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations,” Item 7 “Major Shareholders and RelatedParty Transactions,” or filed (or incorporated by reference) as exhibits to this annual report or otherwise described or referenced in this annual report.D.Exchange ControlsMarshall Islands Exchange ControlsUnder Marshall Islands law, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect theremittance of dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our shares.71Table of ContentsBVI Exchange ControlsThere are no material exchange controls restrictions on payment of dividends, interest or other payments to the holders of our common stock or on the conduct ofour operations in the BVI, where we were incorporated. There are no material BVI laws that impose any material exchange controls on us or that affect the paymentof dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our common stock. BVI law and our memorandum and articles of association do not impose anymaterial limitations on the right of nonresidents or foreign owners to hold or vote our common stock.PRC Exchange ControlsRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued bySAFE and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade and service payments, payment ofinterest and dividends can be made without prior approval from SAFE by following the appropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMBinto foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRC for the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments,loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from SAFE or its local office.On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency Management Policy on Direct Investment, effective fromJune 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investmentfrom SAFE. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for the purpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed withqualified banks, which, under the supervision of SAFE, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise, or SAFE Circular 19,was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to SAFE Circular 19, a foreigninvested enterprise may, according to its actualbusiness needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchange bureau has confirmedmonetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the time being, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shall truthfully use itscapital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equity investment with theamount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open a corresponding Account forForeign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming andRegulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or SAFE Circular 16, was promulgated and became effective on June 9,2016. According to SAFE Circular 16, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreign currency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionarybasis. SAFE Circular 16 provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items (including but not limited to foreigncurrency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. SAFE Circular 16 reiterates the principle thatRenminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope andmay not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guarantee the principal within the PRCunless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless it is within the businessscope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Optimizing Genuineness and ComplianceVerification, or SAFE Circular 3, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits from domestic entities tooffshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution, original copies oftax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses before remitting any profits.Moreover, pursuant to SAFE Circular 3, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provide boardresolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.72Table of ContentsRegulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsSAFE issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special PurposeVehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issues Concerning theRegulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles, to regulateforeign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investment and financing orconduct round trip investment in China. SAFE Circular 37 defines a SPV as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly or indirectly, by PRC residents orentities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets or interests, while “round tripinvestment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through SPVs, namely, establishing foreigninvested enterprises to obtain theownership, control rights and management rights. SAFE Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into an SPV, PRC residents or entities be required tocomplete foreign exchange registration with SAFE or its local branch. In addition, SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving theAdministration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended SAFE Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015,requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.PRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to SPVs but had not obtained registration as required before theimplementation of the SAFE Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the SPVs with qualified banks. An amendment to the registration isrequired if there is a material change with respect to the SPV registered, such as any change of basic information (including change of the PRC residents, name andoperation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers or divisions. Failure to comply with the registrationprocedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclose controllers of the foreigninvestedenterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to itsoffshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities to penalties under PRC foreignexchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companiesby PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRCsubsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansSAFE promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan ofOverseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issued by SAFE in March 2007. Pursuant tothe Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residents participating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted companyare required to register with SAFE or its local branches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents mustconduct the SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of theoverseas publicly listed company or another qualified institution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevantSAFE registration should there be any material change to the stock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of thePRC residents who have the right to exercise the employee stock options, apply to SAFE or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreigncurrencies in connection with the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the saleof shares under the stock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRCopened by the PRC agents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.73Table of ContentsWe adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We have advised therecipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice. However, wecannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subjectthe PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016 respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014 respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our BVI holding company may rely on dividend payments from IST,which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on the ability of ourconsolidated VIEs to make remittance to IST and on the ability of IST to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations ofthose entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends andother distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you,and otherwise fund and conduct our business”E.TaxationThe following is a general summary of the material Marshall Islands, Hong Kong, BVI, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to an investmentin our units, shares of common stock and warrants to acquire our shares of common stock, sometimes referred to collectively in this summary as our “securities”.The discussion is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal or tax advice to any particular prospective purchaser. The discussion is based on lawsand relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change or different interpretations, possibly withretroactive effect. The discussion does not address United States state or local tax laws, or tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Marshall Islands, Hong Kong,the BVI, the PRC and the United States. We recommend that you consult your own tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquisition, ownership anddisposition of our securities.Marshall Islands TaxationThe following are the material Marshall Islands tax consequences of our activities to us and to our stockholders and warrant holders of investing in our CommonStock and warrants. Under current Marshall Islands law, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains, and no Marshall Islands withholding tax or income taxwill be imposed upon payments of dividends by us to our stockholders or proceeds from the disposition of our common stock and warrants, provided suchstockholders or warrant holders, as the case may be, are not residents in the Marshall Islands. There is no tax treaty between the United States and the Republic ofthe Marshall Islands.BVI TaxationThe BVI does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid to us by our BVI subsidiary, nor does the BVI levy any capital gains or income taxes on us or our BVIsubsidiary. However, our BVI subsidiary is required to pay the BVI government an annual license fee based on the number of shares it is authorized to issue.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the BVI.74Table of ContentsHong Kong TaxationOur Hong Kong subsidiaries, under the current laws of Hong Kong, are subject to profits tax of 16.5%. No provision for Hong Kong profits tax has been made asour Hong Kong subsidiaries have no taxable income.PRC TaxationWe are a holding company incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which indirectly holds our equity interests in our PRC operating subsidiaries. The EIT Law and itsimplementation rules, both of which became effective as of January 1, 2008, provide that a PRC enterprise is subject to a standard income tax rate of 25% and Chinasourced income of foreign enterprises, such as dividends paid by a PRC subsidiary to its overseas parent, will normally be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of10%, unless there are applicable treaties between the overseas parent’s jurisdiction of incorporation and China to reduce such rate.Under the Arrangement between the Mainland and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention ofFiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, or the Double Taxation Arrangement, effective as of January 1, 2007, such dividend withholding tax rate is reducedto 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns over 25% of the PRC company distributing the dividends. Under the aforesaid arrangement, any dividends that ourPRC operating subsidiaries pay to their Hong Kong holding companies may be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 5% if they are not considered to be a PRC“resident enterprise” as described below. However, if the Hong Kong holdings companies are not considered to be the “beneficial owner” of such dividends underthe Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties promulgated by the State Administration of Taxation on October 27,2009 (and not a PRC “resident enterprise”), such dividends would be subject to the withholding tax rate of 10%. The withholding tax rate of 5% or 10% applicablewill have a significant impact on the amount of dividends to be received by us and ultimately by shareholders.According to the Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties, the term “beneficial owner” refers to a person who hasthe right to own and dispose of the income and the rights or properties generated from the said income. The “beneficial owner” may be an individual, a company orany other organization which is usually engaged in substantial business operations. A conduit company is not a “beneficial owner.” The term “conduit company”refers to a company which is usually established for purposes of dodging or reducing taxes, and transferring or accumulating profits. Such a company is onlyregistered in the country of domicile to satisfy the organizational form as required by law, but it does not engage in such substantial business operations asmanufacturing, distribution and management. As our Hong Kong holding companies are controlling companies and are not engaged in substantial businessoperations, they could be considered as conduit companies by tax authorities and we do not expect them to be a beneficial owner.In addition to the changes to the current tax structure, under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto management bodies” withinChina is considered a resident enterprise and will normally be subject to an EIT of 25% on its global income. The implementing rules define the term “de factomanagement bodies” as “an establishment that exercises, in substance, overall management and control over the production, business, personnel, accounting, etc.,of a Chinese enterprise.”It remains unclear whether the PRC tax authorities would require or permit our overseas registered entities to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. We do notcurrently consider our company to be a PRC resident enterprise. However, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterpriseincome tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on ourworldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on offering proceedsand nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although under the EIT Law and its implementing rulesdividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued guidance with respect to the processing ofoutbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidance issuedwith respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation in which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to our nonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC shareholders from transferring our shares.75Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income TaxationThe following is a discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our securities. It does notpurport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s situation. The discussion applies only toholders that hold their securities as capital assets (generally property held for investment) within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based on the Code, income tax regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial positions, published positions of theInternal Revenue Service, or the IRS, and other applicable authorities, all as in effect as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly withretroactive effect. This discussion is general in nature and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations, nor does the discussion address any state, local orforeign tax considerations or any U.S. tax considerations (e.g., estate or gift tax) other than U.S. federal income tax considerations, that may be applicable toparticular holders.This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant in light of particular circumstances, nor does it address the U.S.federal income tax consequences to persons who are subject to special rules under U.S. federal income tax law, including:●banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions;●persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;●taxexempt organizations;●controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid United States federal incometax;●certain former citizens or longterm residents of the United States;●dealers in securities or currencies;●traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting for their securities holdings;●persons that own, or are deemed to own, more than five percent of our capital stock;●holders who acquired our stock as compensation or pursuant to the exercise of a stock option; or●persons who hold our shares as a position in a hedging transaction, “straddle,” or other risk reduction transaction.For purposes of this discussion, a U.S. holder is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (ii) acorporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States (or treated assuch under applicable U.S. tax laws), any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardlessof its source; or (iv) a trust if (a) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have theauthority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) it has a valid election in effect under applicable law and regulations to be treated as a U.S. person forU.S. federal income tax purposes. A nonU.S. holder is a holder that is neither a U.S. holder nor a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S.federal income tax purposes.In the case of a partnership or entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally willdepend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal incometax consequences to them of the merger or of the ownership and disposition of our shares.As a result of consummation of the Share Exchange, (i) we acquired substantially all the properties of KBS International, a U.S. corporation, and (ii) the formershareholders of KBS International held at least 80 percent of our common stock by reason of having held stock of KBS International. Accordingly, under Section7874 of the Code, we are treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as a U.S. corporation and, among other consequences, are subject to U.S. federal income tax on ourworldwide income. This discussion assumes that Section 7874 of the Code continues to apply to treat us as a U.S. corporation for all purposes under the Code. If,for some reason (e.g., future repeal of Section 7874 of the Code), we were no longer treated as a U.S. corporation under the Code, the U.S. federal income taxconsequences described herein could be materially and adversely affected.76Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. HoldersDistributionsIn the event that distributions are paid on our common stock, the gross amount of such distributions will be included in the gross income of the U.S. holder asdividend income on the date of receipt to the extent that the distribution is paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federalincome tax principles. Such dividends will be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Dividends received by noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, may be subject to reduced rates of taxation under current law. A U.S. holdermay be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed on dividends paid by us. However, the foreign tax credit rules arecomplex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 of the Code and the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and theGovernment of the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, or theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty, is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may be entitled to underthe foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.To the extent that dividends paid on our common stock exceed current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distributions will be treated first as a taxfree returnof tax basis on our common stock, and to the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds tax basis, the excess will be treated as gain from the disposition ofthose common stock. Because Section 7874 of the Code has applied to treat us as a U.S. corporation only since consummation of the Share Exchange in 2014, wemay not be able to demonstrate to the IRS the extent to which a distribution on our common stock exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (asdetermined under U.S. federal income tax principles), in which case all of such distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.Sale or Other DispositionU.S. holders of our common stock will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of common stock equal to the differencebetween the amount realized for the common stock and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the common stock. This gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss. Undercurrent law, noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, are eligible for reduced tax rates if the common stock has been held for more than one year. Thedeductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. A U.S. holder may be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed ongain from the sale or other disposition of common stock. However, the foreign tax credit rules are complex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 ofthe Code and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may beentitled to under the foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Unearned Income Medicare ContributionCertain U.S. holders who are individuals, trusts or estates are required to pay an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on, among other things, dividends on and capitalgains from the sale or other disposition of shares of stock. U.S. holders should consult their own advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this rule on their ownershipand disposition of our common stock.U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for NonU.S. HoldersDistributionsThe rules applicable to nonU.S. holders for determining the extent to which distributions on our common stock, if any, constitute dividends for U.S. federal incometax purposes are the same as for U.S. holders. See “–U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. Holders– Distributions.”77Table of ContentsAny dividends paid to a nonU.S. holder by us are treated as income derived from sources within the United States and generally will be subject to U.S. federalincome tax withholding at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends, or at a lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty if nonU.S. holdersprovide proper certification of eligibility for the lower rate (usually on IRS Form W8BEN or W8BENE). Dividends received by a nonU.S. holder that are effectivelyconnected with such holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business (and, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained bythe nonU.S. holder in the U.S.) are exempt from such withholding tax, provided that applicable certification requirements are satisfied. In such case, however, nonU.S. holders will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such dividends, net of certain deductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. In addition, corporatenonU.S. holders may be subject to an additional branch profits tax equal to 30% or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable tax treaty on dividendsreceived that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.If nonU.S. holders are eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, such nonU.S. holders may obtain a refund ofany excess amounts withheld by filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.Sale or Other DispositionExcept as described below for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, any gain realized by a nonU.S. holder upon the saleor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:criminal liability in serious cases.According to the PRC Product Quality Law, consumers or other victims who suffer injury or property losses due to product defects may demand compensation fromthe manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the corresponding amount from the manufacturer if the manufactureris responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Relating to Consumer ProtectionThe principal legal provisions for the protection of consumer interests are set forth in the Law of the PRC on Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests, or theConsumer Protection Law, which was promulgated in October 1993 amended in October 2013. The Consumer Protection Law sets forth standards of behavior thatbusinesses must observe in their dealings with consumers.Violations of the Consumer Protection Law may result in the imposition of fines. In addition, the violating entity may be ordered to suspend its operations, and itsbusiness license may be revoked. There may also be criminal liability in serious cases.According to the Consumer Protection Law, if the legal rights and interests of a consumer are violated during the purchase or use of goods, the consumer may seekcompensation from the seller. If the manufacturer or an upstream distributor is responsible, after compensating the consumer, the seller may recover thecorresponding amount from the manufacturer or the upstream distributor. Consumers or other persons who suffer personal injury or property damages due todefects in products may seek compensation from the manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the correspondingamount from the manufacturer if the manufacturer is responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Related to TrademarksThe PRC Trademark Law, adopted in 1982 and revised in 2001 and 2013, protects the proprietary rights to registered trademarks. The Trademark Office under theState Administration of Industry and Commerce handles trademark registration and grants a term of ten years to registered trademarks and another ten years totrademarks as requested upon expiry of the prior term. Trademark license agreements and transfer agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record.37Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Environmental MattersOur facilities are subject to various governmental regulations related to environmental protection. We use a myriad of chemicals in our operations and produceemissions that could pose environmental risks. Our manufacturing facilities are subject to various pollution control regulations with respect to noise, water and airpollution and the disposal of waste and hazardous materials, including, China’s Environmental Protection Law, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Appraisingof Environment Impacts, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of AirPollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution, and China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of NoisePollution. We are subject to periodic inspections by local environmental protection authorities.We did not incur material costs in environmental compliance in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016. We believe we are in material compliance with the relevant PRCenvironmental laws and regulations. We are not currently subject to any pending actions alleging any violations of applicable PRC environmental laws.Regulations Related to EmploymentThe PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law require that employers must execute written employment contracts with fulltime employees. All employers mustcompensate their employees with wages equal to at least the local minimum wage standards. Violations of the PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law may resultin the imposition of fines and other administrative sanctions, and serious violations may constitute criminal offences.On December 28, 2012, the PRC Labor Contract Law was amended with effect on July 1, 2013 to impose more stringent requirements on labor dispatch. Under suchlaw, dispatched workers are entitled to pay equal to that of fulltime employees for equal work, but the number of dispatched workers that an employer hires may notexceed a certain percentage of its total number of employees as determined by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Additionally, dispatchedworkers are only permitted to engage in temporary, auxiliary or substitute work. According to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch promulgated by theMinistry of Human Resources and Social Security on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014, the number of dispatched workers hired by anemployer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees (including both directly hired employees and dispatched workers). The Interim Provisions onLabor Dispatch require employers not in compliance with the PRC Labor Contract Law in this regard to reduce the number of its dispatched workers to below 10% ofthe total number of its employees prior to March 1, 2016.Enterprises in China are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in certain employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pensionplan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a workrelated injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund,and contribute to the plans or funds in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of the employees as specified by thelocal government from time to time at locations where they operate their businesses or where they are located. The enterprise may be ordered to pay the full amountwithin a deadline if it fails to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans and may be subject to fines and other administrative sanctions.Regulations Relating to Foreign ExchangeRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued by theState Administration of Foreign Exchange and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade andservice payments, payment of interest and dividends can be made without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange by following theappropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRCfor the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange or its local office.38Table of ContentsOn February 13, 2015, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency ManagementPolicy on Direct Investment, effective from June 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign directinvestment and overseas direct investment from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for thepurpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed with qualified banks, which, under the supervision of the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to this Circular, a foreigninvested enterprise may,according to its actual business needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchangebureau has confirmed monetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the timebeing, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shalltruthfully use its capital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equityinvestment with the amount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open acorresponding Account for Foreign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of theState Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts waspromulgated and became effective on June 9, 2016. According to this Circular, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreigncurrency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionary basis. This Circular provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items(including but not limited to foreign currency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. ThisCircular reiterates the principle that Renminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposesbeyond its business scope and may not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guaranteethe principal within the PRC unless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless itis within the business scope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration andOptimizing Genuineness and Compliance Verification, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits fromdomestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution,original copies of tax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses beforeremitting any profits. Moreover, pursuant to this Circular, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provideboard resolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and RoundtripInvestment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Issues Concerning the Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore SpecialPurpose Vehicles, to regulate foreign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investmentand financing or conduct round trip investment in China. Circular 37 defines a “special purpose vehicle” as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly orindirectly, by PRC residents or entities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets orinterests, while “round trip investment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through special purpose vehicles, namely, establishingforeigninvested enterprises to obtain the ownership, control rights and management rights. Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into a specialpurpose vehicle, PRC residents or entities be required to complete foreign exchange registration with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranch. In addition, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the ForeignExchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015, requiring PRC residents or entities toregister with qualified banks rather than the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.39Table of ContentsPRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to special purpose vehicles but had not obtained registration asrequired before the implementation of the Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the special purpose vehicles with qualified banks. Anamendment to the registration is required if there is a material change with respect to the special purpose vehicle registered, such as any change of basic information(including change of the PRC residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers ordivisions. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclosecontrollers of the foreigninvested enterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchangeactivities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, sharetransfer or liquidation, to its offshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities topenalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating toinvestments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our abilityto inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic IndividualsParticipating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issuedby the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in March 2007. Pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residentsparticipating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted company are required to register with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents must conduct the registration and other procedures withrespect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of the overseas publicly listed company or another qualifiedinstitution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevant registration should there be any material change to thestock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of the PRC residents who have the right to exercise the employeestock options, apply to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreign currencies in connectionwith the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the sale of shares under thestock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRC opened by the PRCagents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.We have adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we will have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We haveadvised the recipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.However, we cannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock IncentivePlan Notice. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plansmay subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016, respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014, respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our Marshall Islands holding company may rely on dividend paymentsfrom Hongri PRC, which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on theability of our other PRC subsidiaries to make remittance to Hongri PRC and on the ability of Hongri PRC to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cashgenerated by the operations of those entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We rely to a significant extent on dividends and otherdistributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiary to fund offshore cash and financing requirements.”40Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Overseas ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the StateOwned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective onSeptember 8, 2006 and was amended on June 22, 2009. These regulations, among other things, require that (i) PRC entities or individuals obtain approval from theMinistry of Commerce before they establish or control a special purpose vehicle overseas, provided that they intend to use the special purpose vehicle to acquiretheir equity interests in a PRC company at the consideration of newly issued share of the special purpose vehicle, or Share Swap, and list their equity interests in thePRC company overseas by listing the special purpose vehicle in an overseas market; (ii) the special purpose vehicle obtains approval from the Ministry ofCommerce before it acquires the equity interests held by the PRC entities or PRC individual in the PRC company by Share Swap; and (iii) the special purpose vehicleobtains China Securities Regulatory Commission approval before it lists overseas. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The approval ofthe China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with this offering under a PRC regulation. The regulation also establishes more complexprocedures for acquisitions conducted by foreign investors that could make it more difficult for us to grow through acquisitions.”Regulations Relating to TaxationDividend Withholding TaxIn March 2007, the National People’s Congress enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law which became effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on February 24,2017. According to Enterprise Income Tax Law, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a foreigninvested enterprise in China to its foreignenterprise investors are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that providesfor a preferential withholding arrangement. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Negotiated Reduction of Dividends and Interest Rates,issued on January 29, 2008 and supplemented and revised on February 29, 2008, and the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, which became effective onDecember 8, 2006 and applicable to income derived in any year of assessment commencing on or after April 1, 2007 in Hong Kong and in any year commencing on orafter January 1, 2007 in the PRC, such withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong enterprise is deemed the beneficial owner of any dividend paid by aPRC subsidiary by PRC tax authorities and holds at least 25% of the equity interest in that particular PRC subsidiary at all times within the 12month periodimmediately prior to the distribution of the dividends. Furthermore, pursuant to the Announcement on Issues concerning “Beneficial Owners” in Tax Treaties issuedon February 3, 2018 by the State Administration of Taxation, when determining the status of “beneficial owners,” a comprehensive analysis may be conductedthrough materials such as articles of association, financial statements, records of capital flows, minutes of board of directors, resolutions of board of directors,allocation of manpower and material resources, the relevant expenses, functions and risk assumption, loan contracts, royalty contracts or transfer contracts, patentregistration certificates and copyright certificates, etc. However, even if an applicant has the status as a “beneficiary owner,” if the competent tax authority findsnecessity to apply the principal purpose test clause in the tax treaties or the general antitax avoidance rules stipulated in domestic tax laws, the general antitaxavoidance provisions shall apply.Enterprise Income TaxIn December 2007, the State Council promulgated the Implementing Rules of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008. TheEnterprise Income Tax Law and its relevant implementing rules (i) impose a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate, which is applicable to both foreigninvestedenterprises and domestic enterprises (ii) permits companies to continue to enjoy their existing tax incentives, subject to certain transitional phaseout rules and(iii) introduces new tax incentives, subject to various qualification criteria.41Table of ContentsThe Enterprise Income Tax Law also provides that enterprises organized under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies”located within China may be considered PRC resident enterprises and therefore be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwideincome. The implementing rules further define the term “de facto management body” as the management body that exercises substantial and overall managementand control over the production and operations, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. If an enterprise organized under the laws of jurisdictionoutside China is considered a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, itwould be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. Second, a 10% withholding tax would be imposed on dividends itpays to its nonPRC enterprise shareholders and with respect to gains derived by its nonPRC enterprise shareholders from transfer of its shares.On October 17, 2017, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Bulletin on Issues Concerning the Withholding of NonPRC Resident Enterprise Income Tax atSource, or Bulletin 37, which replaced the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by NonPRC Resident Enterprisesissued by the State Administration of Taxation on December 10, 2009, and partially replaced and supplemented rules under the Bulletin on Issues of EnterpriseIncome Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by NonPRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7, issued by the State Administration of Taxation on February 3, 2015.Under Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by nonPRC resident enterprises may be recharacterizedand treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose ofavoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. In respect of anindirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the relevant gain is to be regarded as effectively connected with the PRC establishment and thereforeincluded in its enterprise income tax filing, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relatesto the immoveable properties in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not effectively connected to a PRC establishment of a nonresident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax at 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similararrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Pursuant to Bulletin 37, the withholding party shalldeclare and pay the withheld tax to the competent tax authority in the place where such withholding party is located within seven days from the date of occurrenceof the withholding obligation. Both Bulletin 37 and Bulletin 7 do not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange wheresuch shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We and our existingshareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a Chinese establishmentof a nonChinese company, or immovable properties located in China owned by nonChinese companies.”ValueAdded TaxIn November 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Pilot Plan for Imposition of ValueAdded Tax to ReplaceBusiness Tax. In March 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation further promulgated the Notice on Fully Promoting the Pilot Plan forReplacing Business Tax by ValueAdded Tax. Pursuant to this Pilot Plan and the relevant notice, value added tax at a rate of 6% is generally imposed, on anationwide basis, on the revenue generated from the provision of service in lieu of business tax in the modern service industries. Value added tax of a rate of 6%applies to revenue derived from the provision of some modern services. Unlike business tax, a taxpayer is allowed to offset the qualified input value added tax paidon taxable purchases against the output value added tax chargeable on the modern services provided.C.Organizational StructureSee “—A. History and Development of the Company—Corporate Structure” above for details of our current organizational structure.42Table of ContentsD.Property, Plants and EquipmentOur company has established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31,2018, this network was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, our company’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The facilityhas a production capacity of 2 million pieces per year and we move in upon the completion of phase 2 in year 2015. By relocating from the coastal area to AnhuiProvince, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a more stable labor supply. We manufacture a variety of menswear products, including, jeans,shirts, suits and socks. Because of its variety and complexity in the production process, these products require special sewing machines and workmanship, whichwe currently do not possess. As a result, the Company is not yet able to produce KBS branded products and has outsourced its KBS branded productmanufacturing to other established ODM and OEM manufacturers in the Fujian and Zhejiang regions. The Company has completed the second phase constructionof its new factory at the end of 2014. The second phase has an annual production capacity of 5 million pieces subject to our purchasing additional equipment.Currently Anhui factory mainly produces OEM orders and some international orders.Our production facility consists of total 110,557 square meters of land. We obtained a portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square metersand 2,440 square meters in May 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildingsand offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need foradditional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of landhas been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Oncethe construction of the new production facilities is completed, our total production capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year fromthe current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.In 2016, we closed 1 corporate store and as of December 31, 2018, we leased the premises for our sole remaining corporate store. We have undertaken variousmeasures to verify the lessees’ rights to the property leased to us in respect of its stores. In China, all land is owned by the State or other governmental bodies, and“ownership” is generally evidenced by a land use rights certificate. We rent some stores that were located in rural areas where land use rights are held collectivelyby villages and records regarding the ownership of land use rights are frequently not kept. In these cases, the company has confirmed our ability to lease the storesthrough communications with village authorities, and has reviewed electricity and water bills to confirm utilities are being paid by the parties leasing the premises tous. Based on the results of these efforts, we believe the risk of third party claims against our leases of these stores is relatively small and the measures taken by ourcompany are sufficient to verify the land use rights for all of its stores.In addition, the property used as our head office and corporate store is leased from a related party, whose ownership of the property has been verified by ourcompany. We paid a total of RMB720,000, RMB 720,000, and RMB 720,000, as rental fees for the existing corporate stores during the fiscal years 2016, 2017 and 2018,respectively. The total area of these 2 corporate stores is 158 square meters. The sales of each store and its location are shown below:AreaSales in fiscalyear 2016(USD)Sales in fiscalyear 2017(USD)Sales in fiscalyear2018(USD)Shishi factory1,240,354.74772,299691,431Quanzhou Dayang (closed in 2016)470,280.90Total:1,710,635.64772,299691,43143Table of ContentsITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot required.ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSWe are engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of casual menswear in China, including apparel and accessories, which we market under the KBSbrand. The KBS brand was developed in 2006. Before 2012, we were engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of fashion sportswear in China. Sinceour products feature a unique and stylish design that is more fashionable than traditional sportswear, as well as quality fabrics and materials and the sportswearmarket was becoming more and more competitive, in late 2011 we turned our focus on casual menswear market which has higher profit margin. KBS’s apparelproducts include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, Jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, belts and caps. In 2016, the suggestedretail prices of KBS’s products ranged from RMB199 to RMB1,499 for its apparel products and RMB15 to RMB899 for its accessory products. KBS holds newproducts launch events twice every year, one in spring and the other in autumn. Since 2006, we have launched about 1,500,536 collections of new products eachyear with a different theme to highlight the current trends for the season. KBS’s marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese.” KBS’scustomers are male middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range, primarily located in tier two and tier three cities in China. The company has adopted “KBS” as auniform brand name, which stands for “Keep Best Style”, and KBS are designed by us for a uniform look and feel that fits our brand image, with instore displaysthat accentuate the quality and style of our products across all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. We believe that the KBSbrand has become a recognized brand name in the cities where their products are sold.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors. Thenumber of stores grew significantly from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006 to 31 corporate stores as of December 31, 2012 and 96franchised stores as of December 31, 2013, and decreased to 84 stores as of December 31, 2014. Because of the recent softening of economic growing in China andfierce competition from our competitors, online store sales of franchised stores and corporate stores went down in 2015 as compared with the previous year. In 2017and 2018, the distributors closed 15 and 8 franchised stores, respectively, and we closed 1 corporate store in year 2016. We generate more revenues from OEM in2018 and intend to generate more in OEM and target area from acquisitions.KBS also acts as an original design manufacturer, or ODM, upon request. Income from such services accounted for 14%, 7.3% and 9% of revenue for the yearsended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, KBS’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The company believesthat the shortage of labor and rising wage expectations in China, especially in the coastal area, could have a material impact on our operations as well as itssuppliers’ cost of manufacturing. By relocating from the coastal area to inland Anhui Province, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a morestable labor supply. Since the company’s original production team was not ready to produce the new style KBS products, KBS has outsourced its productmanufacturing to other established ODM manufacturers. As such, KBS’s own production facility in Taihu mainly takes OEM orders from other sportswearcompanies, like Xtep. Our production facility in Taihu, Anhui Province includes three parcels of land with a total area of 110,557 square meters. We have obtainedland use rights for two parcels of land with an area of 9,845 square meters in 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction ofthe adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire theland use right of the third parcel of land. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 can be continued. Once completed, our totalproduction capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year. We do not necessarilyrely on our own production facility to satisfy the demand of our products as we may outsource some or all of the production work to various ODM and OEMmanufacturers in China.44Table of ContentsA.Principal Factors Affecting Financial PerformanceOur operating results are primarily affected by the following factors:●Growth of China’s menswear industry. With approximately onefifth of the world’s population and a fastgrowing gross domestic product, Chinarepresents a significant growth opportunity for a wide variety of retail goods, including apparel. The enhanced living standards and increased disposableincome that has resulted from the vibrant economic growth has driven the rapid development of the men’s apparel market in China in recent years. China iscurrently one of the world’s largest men’s apparel markets. As a leading provider of casual menswear in China, we believe we are well positioned tocapitalize on the favorable economic, demographic and industry trends in this sector.●Brand recognition. We derive all of our revenues from sales of the KBS branded products in China, and our success depends on the market perceptionand acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture, lifestyle and images associated with this brand. Market acceptance of our brand may affect the sellingprices and market demand for our products, the profit margin of us can achieve, and our ability to grow.●Ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network. The ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in terms of floor area in our salesnetwork affects our results of operations in a given period. The franchised stores operated by our distributors have been and will continue to be the maincontributor to our revenue for the foreseeable future. Under the distribution business model, we sell directly to our distributors and recognize revenuesupon delivery of our products to them. Such distribution network has enabled us to accelerate sales growth at a much lower cost than opening direct storesand has limited our inventory and sales risks. Corporate stores operated by us, on the other hand, despite incurring more significant capital expenditures ascompared with franchised stores, allow us more control over our brand and the consumer’s shopping experience, which are important factors for the overallsuccess of our business. In addition, our corporate store sales generally have a higher gross profit margin than sales to distributors because we are able tosell the products at retail prices directly to the endconsumers and because we recognize expenses relating to our corporate stores as selling anddistribution expenses. Therefore, the ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network will affect our gross profit margin.●Product offering and pricing. Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define menswear trends as well as to anticipate, gauge andreact to changing consumer demands for menswear in a timely manner. Most of our products are subject to changing consumer preferences and fashiontrends that cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumer acceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, andour future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes.●Fluctuations in raw material supply and prices. The per unit cost of producing our products depends on the supply and price of raw materials,particularly fabrics such as cotton, wool and polyester, which have experienced volatility in past years. Increases in the price of raw materials wouldnegatively impact our gross margins if we are not able to offset such price increases through increases in our selling price or changes in product offeringsand mix.Financial Statement PresentationRevenue. During the periods covered by this section, we generated revenue from sales of our menswear products.45Table of ContentsCost of sales. During the periods covered by this section, our cost of sales primarily consisted of the costs of our outsourcing cost, raw materials, labor andoverhead. We did not have any inward or outward freight charges as these charges are borne by our distributors and suppliers.Gross profit and gross margin. For the periods covered by this section, our gross profit is equal to the difference between our net sales and cost of sales. Our grossmargin is equal to the gross profit divided by net sales. Our gross margin may not be comparable to those of other retail entities since some retail entities include allof their distribution network costs in cost of sales and others, like us, include these expenses in another statement of operations line item.Administrative expenses. For the periods covered by this section, general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to ourgeneral management, finance and administrative staff, professional advisor fees, audit fees and other expenses incurred in connection with general operations.Selling expenses. For the periods covered by this section, our selling and marketing expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to our sales andmarketing staff, store rent, business travel, coordination with distributor marketing and promotions, transportation costs and other sales related costs.Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, both in U.S. dollars and as apercentage of or revenue.Year endedDecember 31, 2018Year ended December 31, 2017Year ended December 31, 2016Amount% of SalesAmount% of SalesAmount% of SalesRevenue18,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales20,851,252112%35,274,352148%39,041,93295%Gross (loss)/profit2,316,13712%11,511,81648%2,158,2725%Operating expensesDistribution and selling expenses2,670,95514%3,265,38014%3,606,0109%Administrative expenses4,907,02026%4,879,39721%3,543,9939%Total operating expenses7,577,97541%8,144,77634%7,150,00317%Other income122,1391%461,5642%555,0511%Other gains and losses13,522,30073%122,2441%11,123,76727%Loss from operations23,294,273126%19,317,27281%15,560,44738%Finance costs96,4441%96,3850%71,7830%Change in fair value of warrant liabilities00%00%3,4090%Loss before tax23,390,717126%19,413,65782%15,628,82138%Income tax5,422,11929%4,598,06119%3,726,1339%Loss for the year17,968,59897%14,815,59662%11,902,68829%46Table of ContentsA breakdown of revenue, percentage of revenue and percentage of gross margin by segment for the respective periods is as follows:BybusinessDistribution networkCorporate storesOEMConsolidatedYear endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Sales toexternalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205% of Sales73%63%78%13%29%13%14%7%9%100%100%100%Segmentsgrossmargins2,245,9442,277,8586,623,6175,402,99414,291,6805,727,349845,700502,0071,262,0052,316,13611,511,8162,158,273Grossmarginrate17%15%21%227%205%104%33%29%36%12%48%5%Segment salesFor the year ended December 31, 2018, total revenue decreased by 22% from $23.8 million in 2017 to $18.5 million. Our total revenue of 2017 decreased by 33% from$41.2 million to $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company reports financial and operating results in three segments: distributor network,corporate stores and OEM.Distributor Network —Revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2018 decreased by 10% from $15 million in 2017 to $13 million primarily due to adecrease in sales volume. There was a decrease of revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2017 by 53% from $32.1 million in year 2016 primarily dueto a decrease in sales volume. The distributor segment accounted for 73% of the total revenue in 2018, compared to 63% and 78% during years 2017 and 2016,respectively.In year 2018, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network increased to 17% from 15% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price of newproducts. The sales went down in year 2018 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstockduring previous periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.47Table of ContentsIn year 2017, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network decreased to 15% from 21% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price, and thesales went down in year 2017 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstock duringprevious periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.The Company’s distributor network currently consists of 11 distributors in 12 provinces. Most of these distributors, either directly or through their subdistributors,operate KBSbranded stores. Some wholesale distributors sold the products to multibranded stores and online stores. As of December 31, 2018, distributorsoperated a total of 32 KBSbranded stores, primarily in second and third tier cities. KBS products distributed to the fourth and fifth tier cities are primarily sold inmultibranded department stores.Corporate Stores — Total revenue from corporate store sale for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $6.98 million for year 2017. In 2018 sales fromcorporate store decreased as compared to 2017 due to a decrease in promotion sales of repurchased inventory from certain distributors which are unable to pay offthe debts owed to us.Total revenue from corporate store sales for fiscal year 2017 was $6.98 million, compared to $5.53 million for year 2016. In 2017 sales from corporate stores increasedas compared to 2016 due to an increase in sales volume, which in turn was mainly attributable to the increase in promotion sales on repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors which are unable to pay off the debts owed to us.As of December 31, 2018, we operated 1 corporate store which located in Fujian. Total revenue from corporate store sales of 2018 decreased as compared to 2017because of the decrease the promotion sales of repurchased inventory.The corporate store segment contributed 14% of total revenue in 2018, compared to 29% of 2017 and 13% of 2016. Gross profit margin for the Company’s corporatestore was 232% in 2018, compared to 205% in 2017 and 104% in 2016. The margin compression from 2016 to 2018 is primarily due to: 1) close of 1 corporate store in2016 and the sale of its inventory at a lower price; 2) reduction of sale price of our goods in corporate stores to stimulate sales; 3) loss from sales of repurchasedinventory from certain distributors which sold at big discounted price in year 2017 and year 2018.OEM — The OEM segment is comprised of products that are designed by the customers but manufactured by us. Revenue from the OEM segment increased by$0.83 million to $2.57 million for year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017. Gross profit margin increased to 33%from 29% of year 2017. Revenue from the OEM segment decreased by $1.79 million to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $3.53 million foryear ended December 31, 2016. Gross profit margin decreased to 29% from 36% of year 2016. Our revenues from sales of OEM represented 14%, 9% and 9%,respectively of our total revenues for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.Cost of sales and gross profit rateCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for production purpose,outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges and water and electricity.Our cost of sales decreased from $35 million in year 2017 to $21 million in year 2018. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017.The gross profit rate increased from 48% in year 2017 to 12% in year 2018 due to 1) a decrease in the number of promotion sales in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, whichcaused a loss at RMB 40 million; 2) the higher price of updated new products and improvement of products quality; 3) higher profit margin of OEM segments due tolower amortized fixed fees from big orders from certain customers. In order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continuedoperation, we decided to continue to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors in 2018 and thereafter.48Table of ContentsOur cost of sales decreased from $39 million in year 2016 to $35 million in year 2017. The decrease was consistent with the decrease in our revenue, which resulted ina decrease in purchases by $7 million. The decrease in purchases was mainly due to a challenging retail environment and close of some stores.The gross profit rate decreased from 5% in year 2016 to 48% in year 2017 due to 1) a decrease in the number of our franchised stores from 55 as of December 31,2016 to 40 as of December 31, 2017; 2) in order to make more fair and friendly business environment for our all distributors, we adjusted our price policy to havesame price to our district distributors and province distributors in 2017, the price sell to the district distributor is lower than before. 3) a slowdown in demand inmenswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and our distributors faceddifficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 141.42 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million. Although we are not contractually obligated to buy back the excessiveinventory from any our distributors, in order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continued operation, we decided to do same in2017 to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors and we may implement similar plans in the following years.Administrative expensesAdministrative expenses increased by $0.02 million or 1% to $4.9 million for year 2018 from $4.88 million for 2017. The change was mainly due to the decrease ofoutsourcing design expense and the increase of the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Administrative expenses increased by $1.34 million or 37% to $4.88 million for year 2017 from $3.54 million for 2016. The increase was mainly due to the increase indesign staff expenses and the increase attributable to the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Distribution and selling expensesThe selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.59 million or 18% to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $ 3.2 million in 2017, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expense, products promotion expenses and entertainment expenses.The selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.34 million or 9.45% to $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $ 3.6 million in 2016, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expenses and promotion expense of products including placement order meeting expense.The advertisement expenses of 2018, 2017 and 2016 are relatively even and selling expenses accounted for 6.6%, 7.5% and 9% for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Other gains and lossesOther gains and losses increased by $13.4 million, or 10,875%, to $13.52 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $0.12 million for year 2017. The increasewas mainly due to the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value.Other gains and losses decreased by $11 million, or 98.9%, to $0.12 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $11.1 million for year 2016. The decrease wasmainly due to the fact that there was no additional provision on bad debts from three clients as in 2016.Profit for the yearWe had a loss of $18 million in 2018 as compared to a loss of $14.81 million for 2017, representing a decrease of profit of $3 million or 21%. Net margin was 97% forthe year ended December 31, 2018, compared to 62% for the year ended December 31, 2017.49Table of ContentsWe had a loss of $14.81 million in 2017 as compared to a loss of $11.9 million for 2016, representing a decrease of profit of $2.91 million or 25%. Net margin was 62%for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 29% for the year ended December 31, 2016.Profit for the year decreased from 2018 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons:(1)the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value (2) thedistribution and selling expenses decreased to a small portion of total revenue and the revenue also decreased compared to year ended December 31, 2017; (3) aslowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brands, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling products and paying back the balance owed to us. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 40 million.Profit for the year decreased from 2016 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons: (1) the administrative expenses increased to a large portion of total revenue; and(2) slowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 141.42 millionfrom certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million.B.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesAs of December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $21,026,103. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and cash in the banks. Webelieve that our current levels of cash and cash equivalent and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next12 months. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through net cash flow from operations. Our cash flows are driven by key performance indicatorsincluding the number of orders placed by distributors, number of outlets that each distributor operates the pricing of our products, sales of our corporate stores, andthe collect portion of account receivable. Currently there is only minimal cash held by offshore subsidiaries and there is no need for these subsidiaries to transfercash to Hongri PRC.The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this report:Fiscal Year Ended December 31201820172016Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(3,703,354)$1,922,252$3,194,287Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities52,932(865,365)45,445Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(3,907,291)(39,024)4,919,241Effects of exchange rate change in cash(1,117,062)1,513,138(1,556,980)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080Cash and cash equivalent at end of the period$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,34150Table of ContentsOperating ActivitiesThe net cash provided by operating activities consists of profit before tax, as adjusted by finance costs, change in fair value of warrant liabilities, interest income,shared based compensation, bad debt allowance, depreciation of property, plant and equipment, amortization of prepaid lease payment and trademark, amortizationof subsidies prepaid to distributors, amortization of prepayment and premiums under operating leases, provision(Reversal) of inventory obsolescence, provision ofimpairment loss in prepayments, loss(gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment, deferred income tax, which include trade and other receivables, prepaymentand deferred expenses, inventory, trade and other payables.Net cash used in operating activities in fiscal year 2018 was $3.7 million, compared with net cash provided by operating activities of $1.9 million in the year endedDecember 31, 2017. The change is mainly due to the increase of provision of Anhui property and the increase of deferred tax due to the loss of fiscal year 2018.Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.9 million, compared with $3.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2016. The change is mainlydue to the decrease in the amount of collection of account receivable.Investing ActivitiesNet cash provided by investing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.05 million, compared with $0.8 million net cash used in investing activities in 2017. The net cashprovided in investing activities in 2018 was interest received from our bank deposits.Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $0.8 million, compared with $0.04 million net cash provided by investing activities in 2016. The net cashused in investing activities in 2017 was to purchase fire protection facility.Financing ActivitiesNet cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.26 million, compared with $1.1 million net cash used in financing activities in 2017. It mainly consistedof repayment of bank loans in 2018.Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.1 million, compared with $1.68 million net cash provided by financing activities in 2016. It mainlyconsisted of interests paid for our bank loans.Loans, Other Commitments, ContingenciesAs of December 31, 2018, we had bank loans in an amount of $1,092,785. We may, however, in the future, require additional cash resources due to changing businessconditions, implementation of our strategy to expand our business or other investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our own financial resources areinsufficient to satisfy the capital requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain additional credit facilities. The sale of additionalequity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require usto agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overallbusiness prospects.C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.Our industry is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and changing customer demands. These conditions require continuousexpenditures on product research and development to enhance existing products create new products and avoid product obsolescence. See Item 3 “Key Information—D. Risk Factors—If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected,” —“Ifwe are unable to keep pace with the rapid technological changes in our industry, demand for our products and services could decline which would adversely affectour revenue,” and —“Our technology may become obsolete which could materially adversely affect our ability to sell our products and services.” For a detailedanalysis of research and development costs, see Item 5.A. “Operating Results—Results of Operations—Research and development expenses”.D.Trend InformationOther than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that wouldcause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.E.Off Balance Sheet ArrangementsWe do not have any off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes infinancial condition, sales or expenses, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures, or capital resources that are material to an investment in our securities.51Table of ContentsF.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual ObligationsThe table below shows our material contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018.Payments Due by PeriodLess than1 year13 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsContractual ObligationsConstruction Obligations$64,088,236Operating Lease Obligations$78,532146,7052,225,030Total$64,166,768146,7052,225,030Anhui Factory Construction ContractOn November 20, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party for the construction of a new plant with a total size of 110,557 square meters, atTaihu City, Anhui at a consideration of RMB 690 million (equivalent to approximately $104 million). This is the frame contract for the construction of Anhui factoryand round estimation. By December 31, 2016 we had already paid about $37.75 million in total on the phase 1, 2, 3 of construction based on detailed phase contractand the balance of construction cost of the Anui factory need to be determined based on the ontime budget on every phase. The majority of funds for constructionexpenses came from the cash balance on the account as of December 31, 2018 and the new profit of following year.Anhui Land Use Right Acquisition ContractOn September 2, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party to acquire a land use right in relation to the development of factories in Taihu City,Anhui Province, at a total consideration of RMB 43 million (approximately $6.3 million). Full consideration was paid in September 2010. There are three parts of theland. The Company has obtained land use rights certificates for the first parcel of land with 7,405 square meters on March 19, 2012, and the second parcel of landwith 2,440 square meters on May 26, 2012. The Company is currently in the process of obtaining the land use right certificate for the third parcel of the land with100,712 square meters.Except as set forth above, we have no other material longterm debt, capital or operating lease or fixed purchase obligations.InflationInflation and changing prices have not had a material effect on our business, and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect ourbusiness in the foreseeable future. However, our management will closely monitor price changes in the Chinese economy and the apparel industry and continuallymaintain effective cost controls in operations.52Table of ContentsSeasonalityOur business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal. Historically, we have realized more of our revenue and earnings in the fourth quarter, which includes themajority of the holiday shopping season, than in any other fiscal quarter.Critical Accounting PoliciesThe preparation of financial statements is in conformity with IFRS as issued by the IASB. It requires the Company’s management to make assumptions, estimatesand judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. The Company hasidentified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of Company’s financial statements. These accounting policies are important for anunderstanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of theCompany’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to makeestimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitivebecause of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly frommanagement’s current judgments. The Company believes the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in thepreparation of the Company’s financial statements.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects the considerationto which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled in exchange fortransferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that asignificant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration issubsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to the customerfor more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would be reflected in a separatefinancing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financing component which provides theCompany a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interest expense accreted on the contract liabilityunder the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services is oneyear or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component, using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of the goods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receiptsover the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.53Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with thedividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. Revenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer. Revenue from allabove categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of thetransaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered and title has passed.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting the deductible inputVAT of the period, is VAT payable.54Table of ContentsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial periodof time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use orsale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal government retirementbenefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fund their retirementbenefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal government takes responsibility for theretirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly, the only obligation of the Groupwith respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employment with the Group. There are no provisionsunder the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans are considered defined contribution plans. The Grouphas no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixed contributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pensionschemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service is performed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised inother comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Groupoperates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable taxregulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred taxassets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which thosedeductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or fromthe initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accountingprofit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able to control thereversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising fromdeductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profitsagainst which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.55Table of ContentsThe carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficienttaxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based ontax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assetsreflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carryingamount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when thedeferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities wherethere is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, inwhich case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arisesfrom the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.Store preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll and supplies.The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenses when occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases areclassified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes. Leaseholdimprovements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes other thanconstruction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful lives and aftertaking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction in progressis carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment whencompleted and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for theirintended use.56Table of ContentsAn item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of theasset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) isincluded in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.The Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights to use theland on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizable valuerepresents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fair valuethrough profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model formanaging them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the practicalexpedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus in the case of a financialasset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group hasapplied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance with the policies set out for “Revenue recognition(applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cash flowsthat are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established by regulation orconvention in the marketplace.57Subsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognised inthe income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversals arerecognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair value changes arerecognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive income is recycled to theincome statement.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under HKAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. The classification isdetermined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statement when theright of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and the amount of the dividendcan be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains arerecorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income are not subject to impairmentassessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value throughprofit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for thepurpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading unless they aredesignated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interest are classified and measured atfair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to be classified at amortised cost or at fairvalue through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition ifdoing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.58Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in theincome statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separate derivative if theeconomic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet thedefinition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changesin fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cashflows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between thecontractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the originaleffective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to thecontractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are providedfor credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been asignificant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespectiveof the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. When making theassessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on thefinancial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort,including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider afinancial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full beforetaking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering thecontractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the general approach andthey are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach as detailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured at anamount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets and for whichthe loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the loss allowance ismeasured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs59Simplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of asignificant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not track changes incredit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on itshistorical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt the simplifiedapproach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed from theGroup’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to what extent, ithas retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset nortransferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Groupalso recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that theGroup has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and the maximumamount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’sfinancial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.Subsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method unless theeffect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement when the liabilities arederecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.60Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantiallymodified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference between therespective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right tooffset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to the contractualprovisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financialassets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.The Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. Theeffective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of theeffective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, where appropriate, a shorter period tothe net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.61Table of ContentsReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including trade and otherreceivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment (seeaccounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a resultof one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have been affected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequently assessed forimpairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience of collecting payments,and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national or local economic conditions thatcorrelate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between the asset’scarrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.The carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables, where thecarrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized in profit or loss. When atrade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off arecredited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment losseswas recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset at the date theimpairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.G.Safe HarborSee “Introductory Notes—ForwardLooking Information.”62Table of ContentsITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEESA.Directors and Senior ManagementThe following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors and senior management, as well as employees upon whose work we are dependent, as ofthe date of this annual report.NAMEAGEPOSITIONKeyan Yan47Chairman and Chief Executive OfficerThemis Kalapotharakos44Executive DirectorLixiaTu37Chief Financial Officer and DirectorJohn Sano49Independent DirectorMatthew C. Los54Independent DirectorZhongmin Zhang76Independent DirectorYuet Mei Chan38Independent DirectorMr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has been the Chairman of our board of directors and Chief Executive Officer since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr.Yan has over 16 years of senior management experience. He served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of KBS International between March 2011 and August2014. From 1994 to present, Mr. Yan has served as general manager of Hongri PRC. Prior to joining us, Mr. Yan served as workshop manager, production managerand marketing manager of Zhenshi Knitting Factory in Shishi, China from 19891994. Mr. Yan obtained a certificate of corporate management from Xiamen Universityin 1992.Ms. Lixia Tu. Ms. Tu became the Company’s Chief Financial Officer on June 25, 2015. Ms. Tu has more than night years of accounting and audit experience, familiarwith IFRS, US GAAP, SarbanesOxley and the compliance requirements of SEC. After she worked as a project manager at BDO China Fu Jian SHU LUN PANCertified Public Accountants for four years, she worked as a CFO or a financial consultant for some other companies. Ms. Tu holds a Master’s degree inprofessional accounting from the University of Deakin in Australia. Ms. Tu is also a member of the Chartered Association of Certified Accountants.Mr. Themis Kalapotharakos. Mr. Kalapotharakos became our executive director on June 15, 2015. Mr. Kalapotharakos has acquired a range of expertise of a widespectrum of business activities. He has extensive highlevel experience at the Shipping, Trading and Finance industries where he has founded, developed andoperated various businesses starting from the ground up. His roles involved regular communication and coordination with investors, financial institutions, capitalmarket authorities, custodian and administrative banks, auditors and legal counsel. He holds a Bachelor’s degree from Cardiff University and an MSc Degree fromCass Business School in the UK.John Sano. Mr. Sano has been an independent director of the Company since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr. Sano has over 20 years ofexperience in apparel & home furnishings concept, design, sourcing, production, and ecommerce. He has extensive experience in all aspects of the retail clothingsupply chain, from conceptualization to final production and distribution. Mr. Sano has also advised and worked closely with numerous top brands in the US. Hehas been General Director of Sano Design Services since 2002. Mr. Sano has an associate’s degree in interior design from Traphagen School of Design.Mr. Matthew C. Los. Mr. Los became our director on October 8, 2015. Mr. Los has acquired a range of expertise of a wide spectrum of business activities. He hasover 20 years’ experience at high level management, and has founded, developed and operated various businesses in the shipping, energy, telecommunications realestate industries starting from the ground up. He also has experience in the capital markets and was the CEO of Aquasition Corp., the predecessor of the Company,prior to the Share Exchange. Mr. Los has a BSc in Mechanical Engineering and Computer Aided Design from University of Westminster in the UK.Mr. Zhongmin Zhang. Mr. Zhang became our director on July 10, 2017. He has over 45 years of extensive experience in many facets of textile business, including inproduction, marketing, and management. Currently, Mr. Zhang is the president of Zhengzhou Guangda Textile Printing & Dyeing Co., Ltd. which has an annualproduction of 216 million meters of various textile products, with a value of RMB 800 million. Holding a title of Senior Engineer, Mr. Zhang graduated from HarbinInstitute of Technology in 1965. He also has certificates in finance management and civil law.Mr. Yuet Mei Chan. Ms. Chan became our director on July 10, 2017. She has over 15 years of experience in the banking industry. She held several senior positions ina prestigious bank in Hong Kong from 20012016. She is currently a financial consultant at AIA and specializes in analyzing financial situations and market trends.Ms. Chan holds a diploma in Computing and Business Studies from Hong Kong St. Perth College.No family relationship exists between any of the persons named above.63Table of ContentsB.CompensationIn 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $207,268 in cash as compensation to our directors and senior management as a group, and some of our directors andexecutive officers also received compensation in the form of annual salaries and bonuses. We do not set aside or accrue any amounts for pension, retirement orother benefits for our directors and senior management. However, we reimburse our directors for outofpocket expenses incurred in connection with their services insuch capacity.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to our executive officers and directors as compensations for theirservices. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to the Company’s executiveofficers, directors and certain employees as compensations for their service. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.2018 Equity Incentive PlanOn December 24, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2018 Plan, pursuant to which the Company may offerup to two million shares of common stock as equity incentives to its directors, employees and consultants. Such number of shares is subject to adjustment in theevent of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, stock splits, stock dividends, or other change in the corporate structure of the Companyaffecting the shares issuable under the 2018 Plan. As of December 31, 2018, we have not granted any equity awards under the 2018 Plan.The following paragraphs summarize the terms of our 2018 Plan:Purpose. The purposes of the 2018 Plan are to promote the longterm growth and profitability of the Company and its affiliates by stimulating the efforts ofemployees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates who are selected to be participants, aligning the longterm interests of participants with thoseof shareholders, heightening the desire of participants to continue in working toward and contributing to our success, attracting and retaining the best availablepersonnel for positions of substantial responsibility, and generally providing additional incentive for them to promote the success of our business through the grantof awards of or pertaining to our common stock. The 2018 Plan permits the grant of ISOs, NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share AppreciationRights, Performance Units and Performance Shares as the administrator of the 2018 Plan may determine.Administration. The 2018 Plan is administered by our Board. The administrator has the authority to determine the specific terms and conditions of all awards grantedunder the 2018 Plan, including, without limitation, the number of shares of common stock subject to each award, the price to be paid for the shares and the applicablevesting criteria. The administrator has discretion to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2018 Plan.Eligibility. NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share Appreciation Rights, Performance Units and Performance Shares may be granted to employees,directors or consultants either alone or in combination with any other awards. ISOs may be granted only to employees of the Company, and of any parent orsubsidiary.Shares Available for Issuance Under the 2018 Plan. Subject to adjustment as described below, (a) the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issuedunder the 2018 Plan is 2,000,000 shares of common stock, (b) to the extent consistent with Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the“Code”), not more than an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of common stock may be issued under ISOs, and (c) not more than 200,000 shares of common stock (or forawards denominated in cash, the Fair Market Value of 200,000 shares of common stock on the Grant Date, as defined in the 2018 Plan), may be awarded to anyindividual participant in the aggregate in any one fiscal year of the Company, such limitation to be applied in a manner consistent with the requirements of, and onlyto the extent required for compliance with, the exclusion from the limitation on deductibility of compensation under Code Section 162(m). The number and class ofshares available under the 2018 Plan are subject to adjustment in the event of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, share splits, sharedividends, or other similar events which change the number or kind of shares outstanding.64Table of ContentsTransferability. Unless otherwise provided in the 2018 Plan or otherwise determined by the administrator, an award may not be sold, pledged, assigned,hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution and may be exercised, during the lifetime of theparticipant, only by the participant. However, the administrator may, at or after the grant of an award other than an ISO, provide that such award may be transferredby the recipient to a “family member” (as defined in the 2018 Plan); provided, however, that any such transfer is without payment of any consideration whatsoeverand that no transfer shall be valid unless first approved by the administrator, acting in its sole discretion, and as required by our Amended and Restated Articles ofIncorporation. If the administrator makes an award transferable, such award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the administrator deemsappropriate.Termination of, or Amendments to, the 2018 Plan. The Board may at any time amend, alter, suspend or terminate the 2018 Plan, provided that the Company willobtain shareholder approval of any 2018 Plan amendment to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with applicable Laws. No amendment, alteration,suspension or termination of the 2018 Plan will impair the rights of any participant, unless mutually agreed otherwise between the participant and the administrator,which agreement must be in writing and signed by the participant and the Company. Termination of the 2018 Plan will not affect the administrator’s ability to exercisethe powers granted to it hereunder with respect to awards granted prior to the date of such termination.The 2018 Plan will terminate five years following the date it was adopted by the Board, unless sooner terminated by the Board.Employment AgreementsPlease refer to Item 10 “Additional Information—C. Material Contracts.”C.Board PracticesOur board of directors currently consists of seven members, Keyan Yan, Lixia Tu, John Sano, Themis Kalapotharakos, Matthew C. Los, Yuet Mei Chan andZhongmin Zhang.The Board has established the Audit Committee, which is comprised entirely of independent directors. From time to time, the Board may establish other committees.Audit CommitteeOur Audit Committee is currently composed of three members: Yuet Mei Chan, John Sano and Matthew C. Los. Our Board of Directors determined that each memberof the Audit Committee meets the independence criteria prescribed by applicable regulation and the rules of the SEC for audit committee membership. Each AuditCommittee member also meets NASDAQ’s financial literacy requirements. Matthew C. Los serves as Chair of the Audit Committee.Our Board of Directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is the “audit committee financial expert” as such term is defined in Item 407(d) of Regulation SKpromulgated by the SEC and also meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements.The Audit Committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our Company. The Audit Committee isresponsible for, among other things:●the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the independent auditor;●reviewing and preapproving all auditing services and permissible nonaudit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed by theindependent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed relatedparty transactions;●discussing the interim and annual financial statements with management and our independent auditors;●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor (a) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls, (b) theCompany’s internal audit procedures, and (c) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, and managementreports thereon;65Table of Contents●reviewing reported violations of the Company’s code of conduct and business ethics; and●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor various topics and events that may have significant financial impact on theCompany or that are the subject of discussions between management and the independent auditors.D.EmployeesAs of December 31, 2018, we employed 370 fulltime employees. The following table sets forth the number of our fulltime employees by function. FunctionNumber ofEmployeesManagement and Administration28Marketing, Sales and Distribution18Design and Product Development20Production281Procurement, Warehousing and Logistics19Quality and Assurance7TOTAL370We believe that we have maintained a satisfactory working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any significant labor disputes or anydifficulty in recruiting staff for company’s operations. None of company’s employees is represented by a labor union.Our employees in China participate in a state pension plan organized by Chinese municipal and provincial governments. The company is required to make monthlycontributions to the plan for each employee at the rate of 23% of his or her average assessable salary. In addition, the company is required by Chinese law to coveremployees in China with various types of social insurance. The company believes that it is in material compliance with the relevant PRC laws.E.Share OwnershipThe following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of each class of our voting securities as of April 26, 2019 (i) by each person who is knownby us to beneficially own more than 5% of our voting securities; (ii) by each of our officers and directors; and (iii) by all of our officers and directors as a group.NameOffice, If AnyTitle of ClassAmount andNature ofBeneficialOwnership(1)Percent ofClass(2)Officers and DirectorsKeyan Yan(3)Chairman, CEO and PresidentCommon Stock964,32037.21%Lixia TuChief Financial Officer and DirectorCommon Stock60,0002.32%Themis KalapotharakosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%John SanoDirectorCommon Stock5,0000.19%Matthew C. LosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%Zhongmin ZhangDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%Yuet Mei ChanDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%All officers and directors as a group (7 personsnamed above)1,129,32043.58%5% Security HoldersKeyan Yan (3)Common Stock964,32037.21%Alliance Investment Management Limited(4)Common Stock195,488(4)7.54%*Less than 1%(1)Beneficial Ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Eachof the beneficial owners listed above has direct ownership of and sole voting power and investment power with respect to our common stock.66Table of Contents(2)As of April 26, 2019, a total of 2,591,299 shares of commons stock are considered to be outstanding pursuant to SEC Rule 13d3(d)(1). For each Beneficial Ownerabove, any securities that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days have been included in the denominator.(3)Includes 20,000 shares of common stock owned by Bizhen Chen, Mr. Yan’s wife.(4)Based solely on Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on August 8, 2018, in which Alliance Investment Management reported it has sole voting and dispositivepower with respect to 195,488 shares of our common stock. The address of the reporting person is 7 Belmont Road, Kingston, Jamaica.None of our existing shareholders has voting rights that differ from the voting rights of other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at asubsequent date, result in our change in control.ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSA.Major ShareholdersPlease refer to Item 6 “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.”B.Related Party TransactionsFrom time to time, KBS and its subsidiaries borrowed money from our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Keyan Yan, to pay for Company expenses. Theseamounts are interestfree, unsecured and repayable on demand. In years 2017 and 2016, Mr. Yan paid all the Company expenses in connection with the Company’sNasdaq continued listing and SEC reporting out of his pocket. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of these amounts we borrowed from Mr. Yan was$485,302 and $35,483, respectively.C.Interests of Experts and CounselNot applicable.ITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATIONA.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial InformationFinancial StatementsWe have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this report. See Item 18 “Financial Statements.”Legal Proceedings We may be subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our business from time to time. We are currently not party to anylegal or arbitration proceedings, including those relating to bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings and those involving any third party, which may have, orhave had in the recent past, significant effects on our financial position or profitability.Dividend PolicyTo date, we have not paid any cash dividends on our shares. As a Marshall Islands company, we may only declare and pay dividends except when the corporationis insolvent or would thereby be made insolvent or when the declaration or payment would be contrary to any restrictions contained in our Articles ofIncorporation. Dividends may be declared and paid out of surplus only; but in case there is no surplus, dividends may be declared or paid out of the net profits forthe fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and for the preceding fiscal year. We currently anticipate that we will retain any available funds to finance thegrowth and operation of our business and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our cash held in foreign countriesmay be subject to certain control limitations or repatriation requirements, limiting our ability to use this cash to pay dividends.67Table of ContentsB.Significant ChangesNo significant change has occurred since the date of our consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTINGA.Offer and Listing DetailsOur common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market and trade under the symbol “KBSF.” Between January 23, 2013 and November 3, 2014, our commonstock was traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “AQU.” Our Warrants and Units are quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “KBSFW”and “KBSFU”, respectively. Prior to November 3, 2014, our Warrants and Units were quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “AQUUF” and “AQUUU”,respectively. Before their quotation on the OTC Markets, our Units commenced to trade on the Nasdaq Stock Market on October 26, 2012 and our Warrantscommenced to trade separately from its Units on January 23, 2013.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.Approximate Number of Holders of Our SecuritiesOn April 26, 2019, there was 1 holder of record of our Units, 359 shareholders of record of our common stock and 1 holder of record of our Warrants. Certain of oursecurities are held in nominee or street name so the actual number of beneficial owners of our securities is greater than the number of record holders set forth above.B.Plan of DistributionNot applicable.C.MarketsSee our disclosures above under “A. Offer and Listing Details.”D.Selling ShareholdersNot applicable. E.DilutionNot applicable.F.Expenses of the IssueNot applicable.68Table of ContentsITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONA.Share CapitalOur Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation authorize the Company to issue up to 155,000,000 shares with a par value of $0.0001, consisting of 150,000,000shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of date of this report, there are 2,591,299 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Wehave never issued any preferred stock.●As of date of this report, we have 717 IPO Units outstanding.●As of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding (including 369,302 IPO Warrants and 24,534 Placement Warrants), each warrant entitles theholder to purchase one share of common stock at a purchase price of $172.5.B.Memorandum and Articles of AssociationThe following represents a summary of certain key provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. The summary does not purport to be a summary of allof the provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. For more complete information you should read our amended and restated articles ofincorporation and bylaws, each listed as an exhibit to this report.We were incorporated in the Marshall Islands on January 26, 2012 under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BCA”). The purpose of the Company isto engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may now or hereafter be organized under the BCA. Our amended and restated articles of incorporationand bylaws do not impose any limitations on the ownership rights of our stockholders.Description of Common StockEach outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Upon our dissolution, liquidation orwinding up of the affairs of the Company, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidationpreferences, if any, the holders or our common stock will be entitled to receive pro rata our remaining assets available for distribution. Holders of common stock donot have conversion, redemption or preemptive rights to subscribe to any of our securities.Blank Check Preferred Stock.Our Board of Directors is authorized, without any further vote or action by our stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in different classesand series and, with respect to each class or series, to determine the designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights,conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the powers and rights associated with the common stock,at such times and on such other terms as they think proper. Our Board of Directors may issue shares of preferred stock on terms calculated to discourage, delay orprevent a change of control of our company or the removal of our management.WarrantsAs of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding, among which 369,302 warrants were issued to the public in our IPO (the “IPO Warrants”). Each ofthe IPO Warrants entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.5 expiring on July 31, 2019, provided that there is an effectiveregistration statement covering the shares of common stock underlying the IPO Warrants.69Table of ContentsThe Company may redeem the IPO Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon 30 days’ notice, after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, only inthe event that the last sale price of the shares of common stock is at least $17.50 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30trading day period (“30Day TradingPeriod”) ending three business days prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is a current registration statement in effect with respectto the shares of common stock underlying such IPO Warrants throughout the 30day redemption period. The Company is only required to use its best efforts tomaintain the effectiveness of the registration statement covering the underlying common stock of the IPO Warrants. There are no contractual penalties for failure todeliver securities if a registration statement is not effective at the time of exercise. Additionally, in the event that a registration statement is not effective at the time ofexercise, the holder of such warrant shall not be entitled to exercise such warrant for cash and in no event (whether in the case of a registration statement not beingeffective or otherwise) will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrant exercise.In addition, Aqua Investments Corp., an entity controlled by certain founding shareholders of the Company, acquired 24,534 warrants, each entitles the holder topurchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50, expiring on July 31, 2019 (the “Placement Warrants”). The Placement Warrants are identical to the IPOWarrants except that the Placement Warrants (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis; (ii) will not be redeemable by the Company and (ii) may beexercised even if there is not an effective registration statement relating to the shares underlying the warrants, so long as they are held by the initial purchaser orany of its permitted transferees.As of date of this report, we also have 717 IPO Units outstanding and publicly trading, each including one IPO Warrant and one share of our common stock.DirectorsThe business and affairs of the Company are managed by or under the direction of our Board of Directors.Our directors are elected by the holders of the shares representing a majority of the total voting power of the thenoutstanding capital stock of the Company entitledto vote generally in the election of directors (“Voting Stock”). Our amended and restated articles of incorporation provide that cumulative voting shall not be used toelect directors. Each director will be elected to serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his/her successor shall have been duly elected andqualified, except in the event of his/her death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of his/her term of office.Any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of thetotal voting power of the Voting Stock entitled to vote thereon or with cause by directors constituting at least twothirds of the entire Board.Vacancies in the Board of Directors occurring by death, resignation, the creation of new directorships, the failure of the shareholders to elect the whole board at anyannual election of directors, or, except as herein provided, for any other reason, including removal of directors for cause, may be filled either by the affirmative voteof a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, at any special meeting called for that purpose or at any regular meeting of theBoard. Vacancies occurring by removal of directors without cause may be filled only by vote of the shareholders.Shareholder MeetingsAnnual stockholder meetings will be held at a time and place selected by our board of directors. The meetings may be held in or outside of the Marshall Islands.Under our amended and restated articles of incorporation, special meetings may be called by the board of directors, or by the secretary of the Company requestedby stockholders representing certain amount of voting power. Our board of directors shall give not less than 15 days and not more than 60 days prior written noticeof a shareholders’ meeting to each shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat and to each shareholder of record who, by reason of any action proposed at suchmeeting would be entitled to have his/her shares appraised if such action were taken, and the notice shall include a statement of that purpose and to that effect.Our bylaws provide that a meeting of shareholders is duly constituted if, at the commencement of the meeting, there are shareholders present in person or by proxyrepresenting not less than a majority of the votes of the shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on resolutions of shareholders to be considered at themeeting.70Table of ContentsIf a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of stock represented at the meeting will be the act of the shareholders. At any meeting ofshareholders, each shareholder entitled to vote any shares on any manner to be voted upon at such meeting shall be entitled to one vote on such matter for eachsuch share. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the action so taken, issigned by all the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof.Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal and Payment.Under the BCA, our stockholders have the right to dissent from various corporate actions, including any merger or sale of all or substantially all of our assets notmade in the usual course of our business, and receive payment of the fair value of their shares. However, the right of a dissenting stockholder to receive payment ofthe fair value of his or her shares shall not be available for any shares of stock of the constituent corporation surviving a merger if the merger did not require for itsapproval the vote of the stockholders of the surviving corporation. In the event of any further amendment of our articles of incorporation, a stockholder also has theright to dissent and receive payment for his or her shares if the amendment alters certain rights in respect of those shares. The dissenting stockholder must followthe procedures set forth in the BCA to receive payment. In the event that we and any dissenting stockholder fail to agree on a price for the shares, the BCAprocedures involve, among other things, the institution of proceedings in the circuit court in the judicial circuit in the Marshall Islands in which our Marshall Islandsoffice is situated. The value of the shares of the dissenting stockholder is fixed by the court after reference, if the court so elects, to the recommendations of a courtappointed appraiser.Stockholders’ Derivative ActionsUnder the BCA, any of our stockholders may bring an action in our name to procure a judgment in our favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that thestockholder bringing the action is a holder of common stock both at the time the derivative action is commenced and at the time of the transaction to which theaction relates.Indemnification of Officers and DirectorsThe BCA authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors and officers to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages forbreaches of directors’ fiduciary duties. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation include a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors formonetary damages for actions taken as a director to the fullest extent permitted by law. We must indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorizedby law. We are also expressly authorized to advance certain expenses (including attorneys’ fees and disbursements and court costs) to our directors and offices andcarry directors’ and officers’ insurance providing indemnification for our directors, officers and certain employees for some liabilities.The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws may discourage stockholders frombringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigationagainst directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. In addition, your investment may beadversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.C.Material ContractsWe have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in Item 4 “Information on theCompany,” Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations,” Item 7 “Major Shareholders and RelatedParty Transactions,” or filed (or incorporated by reference) as exhibits to this annual report or otherwise described or referenced in this annual report.D.Exchange ControlsMarshall Islands Exchange ControlsUnder Marshall Islands law, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect theremittance of dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our shares.71Table of ContentsBVI Exchange ControlsThere are no material exchange controls restrictions on payment of dividends, interest or other payments to the holders of our common stock or on the conduct ofour operations in the BVI, where we were incorporated. There are no material BVI laws that impose any material exchange controls on us or that affect the paymentof dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our common stock. BVI law and our memorandum and articles of association do not impose anymaterial limitations on the right of nonresidents or foreign owners to hold or vote our common stock.PRC Exchange ControlsRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued bySAFE and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade and service payments, payment ofinterest and dividends can be made without prior approval from SAFE by following the appropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMBinto foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRC for the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments,loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from SAFE or its local office.On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency Management Policy on Direct Investment, effective fromJune 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investmentfrom SAFE. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for the purpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed withqualified banks, which, under the supervision of SAFE, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise, or SAFE Circular 19,was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to SAFE Circular 19, a foreigninvested enterprise may, according to its actualbusiness needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchange bureau has confirmedmonetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the time being, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shall truthfully use itscapital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equity investment with theamount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open a corresponding Account forForeign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming andRegulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or SAFE Circular 16, was promulgated and became effective on June 9,2016. According to SAFE Circular 16, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreign currency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionarybasis. SAFE Circular 16 provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items (including but not limited to foreigncurrency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. SAFE Circular 16 reiterates the principle thatRenminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope andmay not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guarantee the principal within the PRCunless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless it is within the businessscope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Optimizing Genuineness and ComplianceVerification, or SAFE Circular 3, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits from domestic entities tooffshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution, original copies oftax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses before remitting any profits.Moreover, pursuant to SAFE Circular 3, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provide boardresolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.72Table of ContentsRegulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsSAFE issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special PurposeVehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issues Concerning theRegulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles, to regulateforeign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investment and financing orconduct round trip investment in China. SAFE Circular 37 defines a SPV as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly or indirectly, by PRC residents orentities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets or interests, while “round tripinvestment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through SPVs, namely, establishing foreigninvested enterprises to obtain theownership, control rights and management rights. SAFE Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into an SPV, PRC residents or entities be required tocomplete foreign exchange registration with SAFE or its local branch. In addition, SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving theAdministration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended SAFE Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015,requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.PRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to SPVs but had not obtained registration as required before theimplementation of the SAFE Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the SPVs with qualified banks. An amendment to the registration isrequired if there is a material change with respect to the SPV registered, such as any change of basic information (including change of the PRC residents, name andoperation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers or divisions. Failure to comply with the registrationprocedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclose controllers of the foreigninvestedenterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to itsoffshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities to penalties under PRC foreignexchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companiesby PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRCsubsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansSAFE promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan ofOverseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issued by SAFE in March 2007. Pursuant tothe Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residents participating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted companyare required to register with SAFE or its local branches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents mustconduct the SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of theoverseas publicly listed company or another qualified institution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevantSAFE registration should there be any material change to the stock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of thePRC residents who have the right to exercise the employee stock options, apply to SAFE or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreigncurrencies in connection with the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the saleof shares under the stock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRCopened by the PRC agents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.73Table of ContentsWe adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We have advised therecipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice. However, wecannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subjectthe PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016 respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014 respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our BVI holding company may rely on dividend payments from IST,which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on the ability of ourconsolidated VIEs to make remittance to IST and on the ability of IST to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations ofthose entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends andother distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you,and otherwise fund and conduct our business”E.TaxationThe following is a general summary of the material Marshall Islands, Hong Kong, BVI, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to an investmentin our units, shares of common stock and warrants to acquire our shares of common stock, sometimes referred to collectively in this summary as our “securities”.The discussion is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal or tax advice to any particular prospective purchaser. The discussion is based on lawsand relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change or different interpretations, possibly withretroactive effect. The discussion does not address United States state or local tax laws, or tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Marshall Islands, Hong Kong,the BVI, the PRC and the United States. We recommend that you consult your own tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquisition, ownership anddisposition of our securities.Marshall Islands TaxationThe following are the material Marshall Islands tax consequences of our activities to us and to our stockholders and warrant holders of investing in our CommonStock and warrants. Under current Marshall Islands law, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains, and no Marshall Islands withholding tax or income taxwill be imposed upon payments of dividends by us to our stockholders or proceeds from the disposition of our common stock and warrants, provided suchstockholders or warrant holders, as the case may be, are not residents in the Marshall Islands. There is no tax treaty between the United States and the Republic ofthe Marshall Islands.BVI TaxationThe BVI does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid to us by our BVI subsidiary, nor does the BVI levy any capital gains or income taxes on us or our BVIsubsidiary. However, our BVI subsidiary is required to pay the BVI government an annual license fee based on the number of shares it is authorized to issue.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the BVI.74Table of ContentsHong Kong TaxationOur Hong Kong subsidiaries, under the current laws of Hong Kong, are subject to profits tax of 16.5%. No provision for Hong Kong profits tax has been made asour Hong Kong subsidiaries have no taxable income.PRC TaxationWe are a holding company incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which indirectly holds our equity interests in our PRC operating subsidiaries. The EIT Law and itsimplementation rules, both of which became effective as of January 1, 2008, provide that a PRC enterprise is subject to a standard income tax rate of 25% and Chinasourced income of foreign enterprises, such as dividends paid by a PRC subsidiary to its overseas parent, will normally be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of10%, unless there are applicable treaties between the overseas parent’s jurisdiction of incorporation and China to reduce such rate.Under the Arrangement between the Mainland and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention ofFiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, or the Double Taxation Arrangement, effective as of January 1, 2007, such dividend withholding tax rate is reducedto 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns over 25% of the PRC company distributing the dividends. Under the aforesaid arrangement, any dividends that ourPRC operating subsidiaries pay to their Hong Kong holding companies may be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 5% if they are not considered to be a PRC“resident enterprise” as described below. However, if the Hong Kong holdings companies are not considered to be the “beneficial owner” of such dividends underthe Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties promulgated by the State Administration of Taxation on October 27,2009 (and not a PRC “resident enterprise”), such dividends would be subject to the withholding tax rate of 10%. The withholding tax rate of 5% or 10% applicablewill have a significant impact on the amount of dividends to be received by us and ultimately by shareholders.According to the Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties, the term “beneficial owner” refers to a person who hasthe right to own and dispose of the income and the rights or properties generated from the said income. The “beneficial owner” may be an individual, a company orany other organization which is usually engaged in substantial business operations. A conduit company is not a “beneficial owner.” The term “conduit company”refers to a company which is usually established for purposes of dodging or reducing taxes, and transferring or accumulating profits. Such a company is onlyregistered in the country of domicile to satisfy the organizational form as required by law, but it does not engage in such substantial business operations asmanufacturing, distribution and management. As our Hong Kong holding companies are controlling companies and are not engaged in substantial businessoperations, they could be considered as conduit companies by tax authorities and we do not expect them to be a beneficial owner.In addition to the changes to the current tax structure, under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto management bodies” withinChina is considered a resident enterprise and will normally be subject to an EIT of 25% on its global income. The implementing rules define the term “de factomanagement bodies” as “an establishment that exercises, in substance, overall management and control over the production, business, personnel, accounting, etc.,of a Chinese enterprise.”It remains unclear whether the PRC tax authorities would require or permit our overseas registered entities to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. We do notcurrently consider our company to be a PRC resident enterprise. However, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterpriseincome tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on ourworldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on offering proceedsand nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although under the EIT Law and its implementing rulesdividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued guidance with respect to the processing ofoutbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidance issuedwith respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation in which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to our nonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC shareholders from transferring our shares.75Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income TaxationThe following is a discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our securities. It does notpurport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s situation. The discussion applies only toholders that hold their securities as capital assets (generally property held for investment) within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based on the Code, income tax regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial positions, published positions of theInternal Revenue Service, or the IRS, and other applicable authorities, all as in effect as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly withretroactive effect. This discussion is general in nature and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations, nor does the discussion address any state, local orforeign tax considerations or any U.S. tax considerations (e.g., estate or gift tax) other than U.S. federal income tax considerations, that may be applicable toparticular holders.This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant in light of particular circumstances, nor does it address the U.S.federal income tax consequences to persons who are subject to special rules under U.S. federal income tax law, including:●banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions;●persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;●taxexempt organizations;●controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid United States federal incometax;●certain former citizens or longterm residents of the United States;●dealers in securities or currencies;●traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting for their securities holdings;●persons that own, or are deemed to own, more than five percent of our capital stock;●holders who acquired our stock as compensation or pursuant to the exercise of a stock option; or●persons who hold our shares as a position in a hedging transaction, “straddle,” or other risk reduction transaction.For purposes of this discussion, a U.S. holder is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (ii) acorporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States (or treated assuch under applicable U.S. tax laws), any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardlessof its source; or (iv) a trust if (a) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have theauthority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) it has a valid election in effect under applicable law and regulations to be treated as a U.S. person forU.S. federal income tax purposes. A nonU.S. holder is a holder that is neither a U.S. holder nor a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S.federal income tax purposes.In the case of a partnership or entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally willdepend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal incometax consequences to them of the merger or of the ownership and disposition of our shares.As a result of consummation of the Share Exchange, (i) we acquired substantially all the properties of KBS International, a U.S. corporation, and (ii) the formershareholders of KBS International held at least 80 percent of our common stock by reason of having held stock of KBS International. Accordingly, under Section7874 of the Code, we are treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as a U.S. corporation and, among other consequences, are subject to U.S. federal income tax on ourworldwide income. This discussion assumes that Section 7874 of the Code continues to apply to treat us as a U.S. corporation for all purposes under the Code. If,for some reason (e.g., future repeal of Section 7874 of the Code), we were no longer treated as a U.S. corporation under the Code, the U.S. federal income taxconsequences described herein could be materially and adversely affected.76Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. HoldersDistributionsIn the event that distributions are paid on our common stock, the gross amount of such distributions will be included in the gross income of the U.S. holder asdividend income on the date of receipt to the extent that the distribution is paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federalincome tax principles. Such dividends will be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Dividends received by noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, may be subject to reduced rates of taxation under current law. A U.S. holdermay be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed on dividends paid by us. However, the foreign tax credit rules arecomplex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 of the Code and the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and theGovernment of the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, or theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty, is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may be entitled to underthe foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.To the extent that dividends paid on our common stock exceed current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distributions will be treated first as a taxfree returnof tax basis on our common stock, and to the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds tax basis, the excess will be treated as gain from the disposition ofthose common stock. Because Section 7874 of the Code has applied to treat us as a U.S. corporation only since consummation of the Share Exchange in 2014, wemay not be able to demonstrate to the IRS the extent to which a distribution on our common stock exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (asdetermined under U.S. federal income tax principles), in which case all of such distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.Sale or Other DispositionU.S. holders of our common stock will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of common stock equal to the differencebetween the amount realized for the common stock and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the common stock. This gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss. Undercurrent law, noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, are eligible for reduced tax rates if the common stock has been held for more than one year. Thedeductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. A U.S. holder may be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed ongain from the sale or other disposition of common stock. However, the foreign tax credit rules are complex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 ofthe Code and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may beentitled to under the foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Unearned Income Medicare ContributionCertain U.S. holders who are individuals, trusts or estates are required to pay an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on, among other things, dividends on and capitalgains from the sale or other disposition of shares of stock. U.S. holders should consult their own advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this rule on their ownershipand disposition of our common stock.U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for NonU.S. HoldersDistributionsThe rules applicable to nonU.S. holders for determining the extent to which distributions on our common stock, if any, constitute dividends for U.S. federal incometax purposes are the same as for U.S. holders. See “–U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. Holders– Distributions.”77Table of ContentsAny dividends paid to a nonU.S. holder by us are treated as income derived from sources within the United States and generally will be subject to U.S. federalincome tax withholding at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends, or at a lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty if nonU.S. holdersprovide proper certification of eligibility for the lower rate (usually on IRS Form W8BEN or W8BENE). Dividends received by a nonU.S. holder that are effectivelyconnected with such holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business (and, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained bythe nonU.S. holder in the U.S.) are exempt from such withholding tax, provided that applicable certification requirements are satisfied. In such case, however, nonU.S. holders will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such dividends, net of certain deductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. In addition, corporatenonU.S. holders may be subject to an additional branch profits tax equal to 30% or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable tax treaty on dividendsreceived that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.If nonU.S. holders are eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, such nonU.S. holders may obtain a refund ofany excess amounts withheld by filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.Sale or Other DispositionExcept as described below for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, any gain realized by a nonU.S. holder upon the saleor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:criminal liability in serious cases.According to the PRC Product Quality Law, consumers or other victims who suffer injury or property losses due to product defects may demand compensation fromthe manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the corresponding amount from the manufacturer if the manufactureris responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Relating to Consumer ProtectionThe principal legal provisions for the protection of consumer interests are set forth in the Law of the PRC on Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests, or theConsumer Protection Law, which was promulgated in October 1993 amended in October 2013. The Consumer Protection Law sets forth standards of behavior thatbusinesses must observe in their dealings with consumers.Violations of the Consumer Protection Law may result in the imposition of fines. In addition, the violating entity may be ordered to suspend its operations, and itsbusiness license may be revoked. There may also be criminal liability in serious cases.According to the Consumer Protection Law, if the legal rights and interests of a consumer are violated during the purchase or use of goods, the consumer may seekcompensation from the seller. If the manufacturer or an upstream distributor is responsible, after compensating the consumer, the seller may recover thecorresponding amount from the manufacturer or the upstream distributor. Consumers or other persons who suffer personal injury or property damages due todefects in products may seek compensation from the manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the correspondingamount from the manufacturer if the manufacturer is responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Related to TrademarksThe PRC Trademark Law, adopted in 1982 and revised in 2001 and 2013, protects the proprietary rights to registered trademarks. The Trademark Office under theState Administration of Industry and Commerce handles trademark registration and grants a term of ten years to registered trademarks and another ten years totrademarks as requested upon expiry of the prior term. Trademark license agreements and transfer agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record.37Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Environmental MattersOur facilities are subject to various governmental regulations related to environmental protection. We use a myriad of chemicals in our operations and produceemissions that could pose environmental risks. Our manufacturing facilities are subject to various pollution control regulations with respect to noise, water and airpollution and the disposal of waste and hazardous materials, including, China’s Environmental Protection Law, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Appraisingof Environment Impacts, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of AirPollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution, and China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of NoisePollution. We are subject to periodic inspections by local environmental protection authorities.We did not incur material costs in environmental compliance in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016. We believe we are in material compliance with the relevant PRCenvironmental laws and regulations. We are not currently subject to any pending actions alleging any violations of applicable PRC environmental laws.Regulations Related to EmploymentThe PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law require that employers must execute written employment contracts with fulltime employees. All employers mustcompensate their employees with wages equal to at least the local minimum wage standards. Violations of the PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law may resultin the imposition of fines and other administrative sanctions, and serious violations may constitute criminal offences.On December 28, 2012, the PRC Labor Contract Law was amended with effect on July 1, 2013 to impose more stringent requirements on labor dispatch. Under suchlaw, dispatched workers are entitled to pay equal to that of fulltime employees for equal work, but the number of dispatched workers that an employer hires may notexceed a certain percentage of its total number of employees as determined by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Additionally, dispatchedworkers are only permitted to engage in temporary, auxiliary or substitute work. According to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch promulgated by theMinistry of Human Resources and Social Security on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014, the number of dispatched workers hired by anemployer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees (including both directly hired employees and dispatched workers). The Interim Provisions onLabor Dispatch require employers not in compliance with the PRC Labor Contract Law in this regard to reduce the number of its dispatched workers to below 10% ofthe total number of its employees prior to March 1, 2016.Enterprises in China are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in certain employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pensionplan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a workrelated injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund,and contribute to the plans or funds in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of the employees as specified by thelocal government from time to time at locations where they operate their businesses or where they are located. The enterprise may be ordered to pay the full amountwithin a deadline if it fails to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans and may be subject to fines and other administrative sanctions.Regulations Relating to Foreign ExchangeRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued by theState Administration of Foreign Exchange and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade andservice payments, payment of interest and dividends can be made without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange by following theappropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRCfor the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange or its local office.38Table of ContentsOn February 13, 2015, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency ManagementPolicy on Direct Investment, effective from June 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign directinvestment and overseas direct investment from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for thepurpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed with qualified banks, which, under the supervision of the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to this Circular, a foreigninvested enterprise may,according to its actual business needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchangebureau has confirmed monetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the timebeing, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shalltruthfully use its capital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equityinvestment with the amount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open acorresponding Account for Foreign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of theState Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts waspromulgated and became effective on June 9, 2016. According to this Circular, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreigncurrency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionary basis. This Circular provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items(including but not limited to foreign currency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. ThisCircular reiterates the principle that Renminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposesbeyond its business scope and may not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guaranteethe principal within the PRC unless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless itis within the business scope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration andOptimizing Genuineness and Compliance Verification, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits fromdomestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution,original copies of tax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses beforeremitting any profits. Moreover, pursuant to this Circular, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provideboard resolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and RoundtripInvestment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Issues Concerning the Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore SpecialPurpose Vehicles, to regulate foreign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investmentand financing or conduct round trip investment in China. Circular 37 defines a “special purpose vehicle” as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly orindirectly, by PRC residents or entities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets orinterests, while “round trip investment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through special purpose vehicles, namely, establishingforeigninvested enterprises to obtain the ownership, control rights and management rights. Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into a specialpurpose vehicle, PRC residents or entities be required to complete foreign exchange registration with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranch. In addition, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the ForeignExchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015, requiring PRC residents or entities toregister with qualified banks rather than the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.39Table of ContentsPRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to special purpose vehicles but had not obtained registration asrequired before the implementation of the Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the special purpose vehicles with qualified banks. Anamendment to the registration is required if there is a material change with respect to the special purpose vehicle registered, such as any change of basic information(including change of the PRC residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers ordivisions. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclosecontrollers of the foreigninvested enterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchangeactivities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, sharetransfer or liquidation, to its offshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities topenalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating toinvestments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our abilityto inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic IndividualsParticipating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issuedby the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in March 2007. Pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residentsparticipating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted company are required to register with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents must conduct the registration and other procedures withrespect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of the overseas publicly listed company or another qualifiedinstitution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevant registration should there be any material change to thestock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of the PRC residents who have the right to exercise the employeestock options, apply to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreign currencies in connectionwith the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the sale of shares under thestock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRC opened by the PRCagents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.We have adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we will have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We haveadvised the recipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.However, we cannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock IncentivePlan Notice. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plansmay subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016, respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014, respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our Marshall Islands holding company may rely on dividend paymentsfrom Hongri PRC, which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on theability of our other PRC subsidiaries to make remittance to Hongri PRC and on the ability of Hongri PRC to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cashgenerated by the operations of those entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We rely to a significant extent on dividends and otherdistributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiary to fund offshore cash and financing requirements.”40Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Overseas ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the StateOwned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective onSeptember 8, 2006 and was amended on June 22, 2009. These regulations, among other things, require that (i) PRC entities or individuals obtain approval from theMinistry of Commerce before they establish or control a special purpose vehicle overseas, provided that they intend to use the special purpose vehicle to acquiretheir equity interests in a PRC company at the consideration of newly issued share of the special purpose vehicle, or Share Swap, and list their equity interests in thePRC company overseas by listing the special purpose vehicle in an overseas market; (ii) the special purpose vehicle obtains approval from the Ministry ofCommerce before it acquires the equity interests held by the PRC entities or PRC individual in the PRC company by Share Swap; and (iii) the special purpose vehicleobtains China Securities Regulatory Commission approval before it lists overseas. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The approval ofthe China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with this offering under a PRC regulation. The regulation also establishes more complexprocedures for acquisitions conducted by foreign investors that could make it more difficult for us to grow through acquisitions.”Regulations Relating to TaxationDividend Withholding TaxIn March 2007, the National People’s Congress enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law which became effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on February 24,2017. According to Enterprise Income Tax Law, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a foreigninvested enterprise in China to its foreignenterprise investors are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that providesfor a preferential withholding arrangement. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Negotiated Reduction of Dividends and Interest Rates,issued on January 29, 2008 and supplemented and revised on February 29, 2008, and the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, which became effective onDecember 8, 2006 and applicable to income derived in any year of assessment commencing on or after April 1, 2007 in Hong Kong and in any year commencing on orafter January 1, 2007 in the PRC, such withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong enterprise is deemed the beneficial owner of any dividend paid by aPRC subsidiary by PRC tax authorities and holds at least 25% of the equity interest in that particular PRC subsidiary at all times within the 12month periodimmediately prior to the distribution of the dividends. Furthermore, pursuant to the Announcement on Issues concerning “Beneficial Owners” in Tax Treaties issuedon February 3, 2018 by the State Administration of Taxation, when determining the status of “beneficial owners,” a comprehensive analysis may be conductedthrough materials such as articles of association, financial statements, records of capital flows, minutes of board of directors, resolutions of board of directors,allocation of manpower and material resources, the relevant expenses, functions and risk assumption, loan contracts, royalty contracts or transfer contracts, patentregistration certificates and copyright certificates, etc. However, even if an applicant has the status as a “beneficiary owner,” if the competent tax authority findsnecessity to apply the principal purpose test clause in the tax treaties or the general antitax avoidance rules stipulated in domestic tax laws, the general antitaxavoidance provisions shall apply.Enterprise Income TaxIn December 2007, the State Council promulgated the Implementing Rules of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008. TheEnterprise Income Tax Law and its relevant implementing rules (i) impose a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate, which is applicable to both foreigninvestedenterprises and domestic enterprises (ii) permits companies to continue to enjoy their existing tax incentives, subject to certain transitional phaseout rules and(iii) introduces new tax incentives, subject to various qualification criteria.41Table of ContentsThe Enterprise Income Tax Law also provides that enterprises organized under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies”located within China may be considered PRC resident enterprises and therefore be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwideincome. The implementing rules further define the term “de facto management body” as the management body that exercises substantial and overall managementand control over the production and operations, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. If an enterprise organized under the laws of jurisdictionoutside China is considered a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, itwould be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. Second, a 10% withholding tax would be imposed on dividends itpays to its nonPRC enterprise shareholders and with respect to gains derived by its nonPRC enterprise shareholders from transfer of its shares.On October 17, 2017, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Bulletin on Issues Concerning the Withholding of NonPRC Resident Enterprise Income Tax atSource, or Bulletin 37, which replaced the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by NonPRC Resident Enterprisesissued by the State Administration of Taxation on December 10, 2009, and partially replaced and supplemented rules under the Bulletin on Issues of EnterpriseIncome Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by NonPRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7, issued by the State Administration of Taxation on February 3, 2015.Under Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by nonPRC resident enterprises may be recharacterizedand treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose ofavoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. In respect of anindirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the relevant gain is to be regarded as effectively connected with the PRC establishment and thereforeincluded in its enterprise income tax filing, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relatesto the immoveable properties in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not effectively connected to a PRC establishment of a nonresident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax at 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similararrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Pursuant to Bulletin 37, the withholding party shalldeclare and pay the withheld tax to the competent tax authority in the place where such withholding party is located within seven days from the date of occurrenceof the withholding obligation. Both Bulletin 37 and Bulletin 7 do not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange wheresuch shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We and our existingshareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a Chinese establishmentof a nonChinese company, or immovable properties located in China owned by nonChinese companies.”ValueAdded TaxIn November 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Pilot Plan for Imposition of ValueAdded Tax to ReplaceBusiness Tax. In March 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation further promulgated the Notice on Fully Promoting the Pilot Plan forReplacing Business Tax by ValueAdded Tax. Pursuant to this Pilot Plan and the relevant notice, value added tax at a rate of 6% is generally imposed, on anationwide basis, on the revenue generated from the provision of service in lieu of business tax in the modern service industries. Value added tax of a rate of 6%applies to revenue derived from the provision of some modern services. Unlike business tax, a taxpayer is allowed to offset the qualified input value added tax paidon taxable purchases against the output value added tax chargeable on the modern services provided.C.Organizational StructureSee “—A. History and Development of the Company—Corporate Structure” above for details of our current organizational structure.42Table of ContentsD.Property, Plants and EquipmentOur company has established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31,2018, this network was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, our company’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The facilityhas a production capacity of 2 million pieces per year and we move in upon the completion of phase 2 in year 2015. By relocating from the coastal area to AnhuiProvince, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a more stable labor supply. We manufacture a variety of menswear products, including, jeans,shirts, suits and socks. Because of its variety and complexity in the production process, these products require special sewing machines and workmanship, whichwe currently do not possess. As a result, the Company is not yet able to produce KBS branded products and has outsourced its KBS branded productmanufacturing to other established ODM and OEM manufacturers in the Fujian and Zhejiang regions. The Company has completed the second phase constructionof its new factory at the end of 2014. The second phase has an annual production capacity of 5 million pieces subject to our purchasing additional equipment.Currently Anhui factory mainly produces OEM orders and some international orders.Our production facility consists of total 110,557 square meters of land. We obtained a portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square metersand 2,440 square meters in May 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildingsand offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need foradditional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of landhas been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Oncethe construction of the new production facilities is completed, our total production capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year fromthe current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.In 2016, we closed 1 corporate store and as of December 31, 2018, we leased the premises for our sole remaining corporate store. We have undertaken variousmeasures to verify the lessees’ rights to the property leased to us in respect of its stores. In China, all land is owned by the State or other governmental bodies, and“ownership” is generally evidenced by a land use rights certificate. We rent some stores that were located in rural areas where land use rights are held collectivelyby villages and records regarding the ownership of land use rights are frequently not kept. In these cases, the company has confirmed our ability to lease the storesthrough communications with village authorities, and has reviewed electricity and water bills to confirm utilities are being paid by the parties leasing the premises tous. Based on the results of these efforts, we believe the risk of third party claims against our leases of these stores is relatively small and the measures taken by ourcompany are sufficient to verify the land use rights for all of its stores.In addition, the property used as our head office and corporate store is leased from a related party, whose ownership of the property has been verified by ourcompany. We paid a total of RMB720,000, RMB 720,000, and RMB 720,000, as rental fees for the existing corporate stores during the fiscal years 2016, 2017 and 2018,respectively. The total area of these 2 corporate stores is 158 square meters. The sales of each store and its location are shown below:AreaSales in fiscalyear 2016(USD)Sales in fiscalyear 2017(USD)Sales in fiscalyear2018(USD)Shishi factory1,240,354.74772,299691,431Quanzhou Dayang (closed in 2016)470,280.90Total:1,710,635.64772,299691,43143Table of ContentsITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot required.ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSWe are engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of casual menswear in China, including apparel and accessories, which we market under the KBSbrand. The KBS brand was developed in 2006. Before 2012, we were engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of fashion sportswear in China. Sinceour products feature a unique and stylish design that is more fashionable than traditional sportswear, as well as quality fabrics and materials and the sportswearmarket was becoming more and more competitive, in late 2011 we turned our focus on casual menswear market which has higher profit margin. KBS’s apparelproducts include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, Jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, belts and caps. In 2016, the suggestedretail prices of KBS’s products ranged from RMB199 to RMB1,499 for its apparel products and RMB15 to RMB899 for its accessory products. KBS holds newproducts launch events twice every year, one in spring and the other in autumn. Since 2006, we have launched about 1,500,536 collections of new products eachyear with a different theme to highlight the current trends for the season. KBS’s marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese.” KBS’scustomers are male middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range, primarily located in tier two and tier three cities in China. The company has adopted “KBS” as auniform brand name, which stands for “Keep Best Style”, and KBS are designed by us for a uniform look and feel that fits our brand image, with instore displaysthat accentuate the quality and style of our products across all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. We believe that the KBSbrand has become a recognized brand name in the cities where their products are sold.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors. Thenumber of stores grew significantly from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006 to 31 corporate stores as of December 31, 2012 and 96franchised stores as of December 31, 2013, and decreased to 84 stores as of December 31, 2014. Because of the recent softening of economic growing in China andfierce competition from our competitors, online store sales of franchised stores and corporate stores went down in 2015 as compared with the previous year. In 2017and 2018, the distributors closed 15 and 8 franchised stores, respectively, and we closed 1 corporate store in year 2016. We generate more revenues from OEM in2018 and intend to generate more in OEM and target area from acquisitions.KBS also acts as an original design manufacturer, or ODM, upon request. Income from such services accounted for 14%, 7.3% and 9% of revenue for the yearsended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, KBS’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The company believesthat the shortage of labor and rising wage expectations in China, especially in the coastal area, could have a material impact on our operations as well as itssuppliers’ cost of manufacturing. By relocating from the coastal area to inland Anhui Province, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a morestable labor supply. Since the company’s original production team was not ready to produce the new style KBS products, KBS has outsourced its productmanufacturing to other established ODM manufacturers. As such, KBS’s own production facility in Taihu mainly takes OEM orders from other sportswearcompanies, like Xtep. Our production facility in Taihu, Anhui Province includes three parcels of land with a total area of 110,557 square meters. We have obtainedland use rights for two parcels of land with an area of 9,845 square meters in 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction ofthe adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire theland use right of the third parcel of land. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 can be continued. Once completed, our totalproduction capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year. We do not necessarilyrely on our own production facility to satisfy the demand of our products as we may outsource some or all of the production work to various ODM and OEMmanufacturers in China.44Table of ContentsA.Principal Factors Affecting Financial PerformanceOur operating results are primarily affected by the following factors:●Growth of China’s menswear industry. With approximately onefifth of the world’s population and a fastgrowing gross domestic product, Chinarepresents a significant growth opportunity for a wide variety of retail goods, including apparel. The enhanced living standards and increased disposableincome that has resulted from the vibrant economic growth has driven the rapid development of the men’s apparel market in China in recent years. China iscurrently one of the world’s largest men’s apparel markets. As a leading provider of casual menswear in China, we believe we are well positioned tocapitalize on the favorable economic, demographic and industry trends in this sector.●Brand recognition. We derive all of our revenues from sales of the KBS branded products in China, and our success depends on the market perceptionand acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture, lifestyle and images associated with this brand. Market acceptance of our brand may affect the sellingprices and market demand for our products, the profit margin of us can achieve, and our ability to grow.●Ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network. The ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in terms of floor area in our salesnetwork affects our results of operations in a given period. The franchised stores operated by our distributors have been and will continue to be the maincontributor to our revenue for the foreseeable future. Under the distribution business model, we sell directly to our distributors and recognize revenuesupon delivery of our products to them. Such distribution network has enabled us to accelerate sales growth at a much lower cost than opening direct storesand has limited our inventory and sales risks. Corporate stores operated by us, on the other hand, despite incurring more significant capital expenditures ascompared with franchised stores, allow us more control over our brand and the consumer’s shopping experience, which are important factors for the overallsuccess of our business. In addition, our corporate store sales generally have a higher gross profit margin than sales to distributors because we are able tosell the products at retail prices directly to the endconsumers and because we recognize expenses relating to our corporate stores as selling anddistribution expenses. Therefore, the ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network will affect our gross profit margin.●Product offering and pricing. Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define menswear trends as well as to anticipate, gauge andreact to changing consumer demands for menswear in a timely manner. Most of our products are subject to changing consumer preferences and fashiontrends that cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumer acceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, andour future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes.●Fluctuations in raw material supply and prices. The per unit cost of producing our products depends on the supply and price of raw materials,particularly fabrics such as cotton, wool and polyester, which have experienced volatility in past years. Increases in the price of raw materials wouldnegatively impact our gross margins if we are not able to offset such price increases through increases in our selling price or changes in product offeringsand mix.Financial Statement PresentationRevenue. During the periods covered by this section, we generated revenue from sales of our menswear products.45Table of ContentsCost of sales. During the periods covered by this section, our cost of sales primarily consisted of the costs of our outsourcing cost, raw materials, labor andoverhead. We did not have any inward or outward freight charges as these charges are borne by our distributors and suppliers.Gross profit and gross margin. For the periods covered by this section, our gross profit is equal to the difference between our net sales and cost of sales. Our grossmargin is equal to the gross profit divided by net sales. Our gross margin may not be comparable to those of other retail entities since some retail entities include allof their distribution network costs in cost of sales and others, like us, include these expenses in another statement of operations line item.Administrative expenses. For the periods covered by this section, general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to ourgeneral management, finance and administrative staff, professional advisor fees, audit fees and other expenses incurred in connection with general operations.Selling expenses. For the periods covered by this section, our selling and marketing expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to our sales andmarketing staff, store rent, business travel, coordination with distributor marketing and promotions, transportation costs and other sales related costs.Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, both in U.S. dollars and as apercentage of or revenue.Year endedDecember 31, 2018Year ended December 31, 2017Year ended December 31, 2016Amount% of SalesAmount% of SalesAmount% of SalesRevenue18,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales20,851,252112%35,274,352148%39,041,93295%Gross (loss)/profit2,316,13712%11,511,81648%2,158,2725%Operating expensesDistribution and selling expenses2,670,95514%3,265,38014%3,606,0109%Administrative expenses4,907,02026%4,879,39721%3,543,9939%Total operating expenses7,577,97541%8,144,77634%7,150,00317%Other income122,1391%461,5642%555,0511%Other gains and losses13,522,30073%122,2441%11,123,76727%Loss from operations23,294,273126%19,317,27281%15,560,44738%Finance costs96,4441%96,3850%71,7830%Change in fair value of warrant liabilities00%00%3,4090%Loss before tax23,390,717126%19,413,65782%15,628,82138%Income tax5,422,11929%4,598,06119%3,726,1339%Loss for the year17,968,59897%14,815,59662%11,902,68829%46Table of ContentsA breakdown of revenue, percentage of revenue and percentage of gross margin by segment for the respective periods is as follows:BybusinessDistribution networkCorporate storesOEMConsolidatedYear endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Sales toexternalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205% of Sales73%63%78%13%29%13%14%7%9%100%100%100%Segmentsgrossmargins2,245,9442,277,8586,623,6175,402,99414,291,6805,727,349845,700502,0071,262,0052,316,13611,511,8162,158,273Grossmarginrate17%15%21%227%205%104%33%29%36%12%48%5%Segment salesFor the year ended December 31, 2018, total revenue decreased by 22% from $23.8 million in 2017 to $18.5 million. Our total revenue of 2017 decreased by 33% from$41.2 million to $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company reports financial and operating results in three segments: distributor network,corporate stores and OEM.Distributor Network —Revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2018 decreased by 10% from $15 million in 2017 to $13 million primarily due to adecrease in sales volume. There was a decrease of revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2017 by 53% from $32.1 million in year 2016 primarily dueto a decrease in sales volume. The distributor segment accounted for 73% of the total revenue in 2018, compared to 63% and 78% during years 2017 and 2016,respectively.In year 2018, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network increased to 17% from 15% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price of newproducts. The sales went down in year 2018 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstockduring previous periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.47Table of ContentsIn year 2017, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network decreased to 15% from 21% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price, and thesales went down in year 2017 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstock duringprevious periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.The Company’s distributor network currently consists of 11 distributors in 12 provinces. Most of these distributors, either directly or through their subdistributors,operate KBSbranded stores. Some wholesale distributors sold the products to multibranded stores and online stores. As of December 31, 2018, distributorsoperated a total of 32 KBSbranded stores, primarily in second and third tier cities. KBS products distributed to the fourth and fifth tier cities are primarily sold inmultibranded department stores.Corporate Stores — Total revenue from corporate store sale for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $6.98 million for year 2017. In 2018 sales fromcorporate store decreased as compared to 2017 due to a decrease in promotion sales of repurchased inventory from certain distributors which are unable to pay offthe debts owed to us.Total revenue from corporate store sales for fiscal year 2017 was $6.98 million, compared to $5.53 million for year 2016. In 2017 sales from corporate stores increasedas compared to 2016 due to an increase in sales volume, which in turn was mainly attributable to the increase in promotion sales on repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors which are unable to pay off the debts owed to us.As of December 31, 2018, we operated 1 corporate store which located in Fujian. Total revenue from corporate store sales of 2018 decreased as compared to 2017because of the decrease the promotion sales of repurchased inventory.The corporate store segment contributed 14% of total revenue in 2018, compared to 29% of 2017 and 13% of 2016. Gross profit margin for the Company’s corporatestore was 232% in 2018, compared to 205% in 2017 and 104% in 2016. The margin compression from 2016 to 2018 is primarily due to: 1) close of 1 corporate store in2016 and the sale of its inventory at a lower price; 2) reduction of sale price of our goods in corporate stores to stimulate sales; 3) loss from sales of repurchasedinventory from certain distributors which sold at big discounted price in year 2017 and year 2018.OEM — The OEM segment is comprised of products that are designed by the customers but manufactured by us. Revenue from the OEM segment increased by$0.83 million to $2.57 million for year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017. Gross profit margin increased to 33%from 29% of year 2017. Revenue from the OEM segment decreased by $1.79 million to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $3.53 million foryear ended December 31, 2016. Gross profit margin decreased to 29% from 36% of year 2016. Our revenues from sales of OEM represented 14%, 9% and 9%,respectively of our total revenues for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.Cost of sales and gross profit rateCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for production purpose,outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges and water and electricity.Our cost of sales decreased from $35 million in year 2017 to $21 million in year 2018. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017.The gross profit rate increased from 48% in year 2017 to 12% in year 2018 due to 1) a decrease in the number of promotion sales in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, whichcaused a loss at RMB 40 million; 2) the higher price of updated new products and improvement of products quality; 3) higher profit margin of OEM segments due tolower amortized fixed fees from big orders from certain customers. In order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continuedoperation, we decided to continue to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors in 2018 and thereafter.48Table of ContentsOur cost of sales decreased from $39 million in year 2016 to $35 million in year 2017. The decrease was consistent with the decrease in our revenue, which resulted ina decrease in purchases by $7 million. The decrease in purchases was mainly due to a challenging retail environment and close of some stores.The gross profit rate decreased from 5% in year 2016 to 48% in year 2017 due to 1) a decrease in the number of our franchised stores from 55 as of December 31,2016 to 40 as of December 31, 2017; 2) in order to make more fair and friendly business environment for our all distributors, we adjusted our price policy to havesame price to our district distributors and province distributors in 2017, the price sell to the district distributor is lower than before. 3) a slowdown in demand inmenswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and our distributors faceddifficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 141.42 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million. Although we are not contractually obligated to buy back the excessiveinventory from any our distributors, in order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continued operation, we decided to do same in2017 to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors and we may implement similar plans in the following years.Administrative expensesAdministrative expenses increased by $0.02 million or 1% to $4.9 million for year 2018 from $4.88 million for 2017. The change was mainly due to the decrease ofoutsourcing design expense and the increase of the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Administrative expenses increased by $1.34 million or 37% to $4.88 million for year 2017 from $3.54 million for 2016. The increase was mainly due to the increase indesign staff expenses and the increase attributable to the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Distribution and selling expensesThe selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.59 million or 18% to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $ 3.2 million in 2017, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expense, products promotion expenses and entertainment expenses.The selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.34 million or 9.45% to $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $ 3.6 million in 2016, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expenses and promotion expense of products including placement order meeting expense.The advertisement expenses of 2018, 2017 and 2016 are relatively even and selling expenses accounted for 6.6%, 7.5% and 9% for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Other gains and lossesOther gains and losses increased by $13.4 million, or 10,875%, to $13.52 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $0.12 million for year 2017. The increasewas mainly due to the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value.Other gains and losses decreased by $11 million, or 98.9%, to $0.12 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $11.1 million for year 2016. The decrease wasmainly due to the fact that there was no additional provision on bad debts from three clients as in 2016.Profit for the yearWe had a loss of $18 million in 2018 as compared to a loss of $14.81 million for 2017, representing a decrease of profit of $3 million or 21%. Net margin was 97% forthe year ended December 31, 2018, compared to 62% for the year ended December 31, 2017.49Table of ContentsWe had a loss of $14.81 million in 2017 as compared to a loss of $11.9 million for 2016, representing a decrease of profit of $2.91 million or 25%. Net margin was 62%for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 29% for the year ended December 31, 2016.Profit for the year decreased from 2018 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons:(1)the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value (2) thedistribution and selling expenses decreased to a small portion of total revenue and the revenue also decreased compared to year ended December 31, 2017; (3) aslowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brands, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling products and paying back the balance owed to us. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 40 million.Profit for the year decreased from 2016 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons: (1) the administrative expenses increased to a large portion of total revenue; and(2) slowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 141.42 millionfrom certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million.B.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesAs of December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $21,026,103. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and cash in the banks. Webelieve that our current levels of cash and cash equivalent and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next12 months. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through net cash flow from operations. Our cash flows are driven by key performance indicatorsincluding the number of orders placed by distributors, number of outlets that each distributor operates the pricing of our products, sales of our corporate stores, andthe collect portion of account receivable. Currently there is only minimal cash held by offshore subsidiaries and there is no need for these subsidiaries to transfercash to Hongri PRC.The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this report:Fiscal Year Ended December 31201820172016Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(3,703,354)$1,922,252$3,194,287Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities52,932(865,365)45,445Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(3,907,291)(39,024)4,919,241Effects of exchange rate change in cash(1,117,062)1,513,138(1,556,980)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080Cash and cash equivalent at end of the period$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,34150Table of ContentsOperating ActivitiesThe net cash provided by operating activities consists of profit before tax, as adjusted by finance costs, change in fair value of warrant liabilities, interest income,shared based compensation, bad debt allowance, depreciation of property, plant and equipment, amortization of prepaid lease payment and trademark, amortizationof subsidies prepaid to distributors, amortization of prepayment and premiums under operating leases, provision(Reversal) of inventory obsolescence, provision ofimpairment loss in prepayments, loss(gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment, deferred income tax, which include trade and other receivables, prepaymentand deferred expenses, inventory, trade and other payables.Net cash used in operating activities in fiscal year 2018 was $3.7 million, compared with net cash provided by operating activities of $1.9 million in the year endedDecember 31, 2017. The change is mainly due to the increase of provision of Anhui property and the increase of deferred tax due to the loss of fiscal year 2018.Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.9 million, compared with $3.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2016. The change is mainlydue to the decrease in the amount of collection of account receivable.Investing ActivitiesNet cash provided by investing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.05 million, compared with $0.8 million net cash used in investing activities in 2017. The net cashprovided in investing activities in 2018 was interest received from our bank deposits.Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $0.8 million, compared with $0.04 million net cash provided by investing activities in 2016. The net cashused in investing activities in 2017 was to purchase fire protection facility.Financing ActivitiesNet cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.26 million, compared with $1.1 million net cash used in financing activities in 2017. It mainly consistedof repayment of bank loans in 2018.Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.1 million, compared with $1.68 million net cash provided by financing activities in 2016. It mainlyconsisted of interests paid for our bank loans.Loans, Other Commitments, ContingenciesAs of December 31, 2018, we had bank loans in an amount of $1,092,785. We may, however, in the future, require additional cash resources due to changing businessconditions, implementation of our strategy to expand our business or other investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our own financial resources areinsufficient to satisfy the capital requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain additional credit facilities. The sale of additionalequity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require usto agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overallbusiness prospects.C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.Our industry is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and changing customer demands. These conditions require continuousexpenditures on product research and development to enhance existing products create new products and avoid product obsolescence. See Item 3 “Key Information—D. Risk Factors—If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected,” —“Ifwe are unable to keep pace with the rapid technological changes in our industry, demand for our products and services could decline which would adversely affectour revenue,” and —“Our technology may become obsolete which could materially adversely affect our ability to sell our products and services.” For a detailedanalysis of research and development costs, see Item 5.A. “Operating Results—Results of Operations—Research and development expenses”.D.Trend InformationOther than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that wouldcause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.E.Off Balance Sheet ArrangementsWe do not have any off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes infinancial condition, sales or expenses, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures, or capital resources that are material to an investment in our securities.51Table of ContentsF.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual ObligationsThe table below shows our material contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018.Payments Due by PeriodLess than1 year13 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsContractual ObligationsConstruction Obligations$64,088,236Operating Lease Obligations$78,532146,7052,225,030Total$64,166,768146,7052,225,030Anhui Factory Construction ContractOn November 20, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party for the construction of a new plant with a total size of 110,557 square meters, atTaihu City, Anhui at a consideration of RMB 690 million (equivalent to approximately $104 million). This is the frame contract for the construction of Anhui factoryand round estimation. By December 31, 2016 we had already paid about $37.75 million in total on the phase 1, 2, 3 of construction based on detailed phase contractand the balance of construction cost of the Anui factory need to be determined based on the ontime budget on every phase. The majority of funds for constructionexpenses came from the cash balance on the account as of December 31, 2018 and the new profit of following year.Anhui Land Use Right Acquisition ContractOn September 2, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party to acquire a land use right in relation to the development of factories in Taihu City,Anhui Province, at a total consideration of RMB 43 million (approximately $6.3 million). Full consideration was paid in September 2010. There are three parts of theland. The Company has obtained land use rights certificates for the first parcel of land with 7,405 square meters on March 19, 2012, and the second parcel of landwith 2,440 square meters on May 26, 2012. The Company is currently in the process of obtaining the land use right certificate for the third parcel of the land with100,712 square meters.Except as set forth above, we have no other material longterm debt, capital or operating lease or fixed purchase obligations.InflationInflation and changing prices have not had a material effect on our business, and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect ourbusiness in the foreseeable future. However, our management will closely monitor price changes in the Chinese economy and the apparel industry and continuallymaintain effective cost controls in operations.52Table of ContentsSeasonalityOur business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal. Historically, we have realized more of our revenue and earnings in the fourth quarter, which includes themajority of the holiday shopping season, than in any other fiscal quarter.Critical Accounting PoliciesThe preparation of financial statements is in conformity with IFRS as issued by the IASB. It requires the Company’s management to make assumptions, estimatesand judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. The Company hasidentified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of Company’s financial statements. These accounting policies are important for anunderstanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of theCompany’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to makeestimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitivebecause of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly frommanagement’s current judgments. The Company believes the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in thepreparation of the Company’s financial statements.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects the considerationto which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled in exchange fortransferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that asignificant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration issubsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to the customerfor more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would be reflected in a separatefinancing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financing component which provides theCompany a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interest expense accreted on the contract liabilityunder the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services is oneyear or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component, using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of the goods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receiptsover the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.53Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with thedividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. Revenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer. Revenue from allabove categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of thetransaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered and title has passed.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting the deductible inputVAT of the period, is VAT payable.54Table of ContentsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial periodof time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use orsale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal government retirementbenefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fund their retirementbenefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal government takes responsibility for theretirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly, the only obligation of the Groupwith respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employment with the Group. There are no provisionsunder the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans are considered defined contribution plans. The Grouphas no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixed contributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pensionschemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service is performed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised inother comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Groupoperates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable taxregulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred taxassets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which thosedeductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or fromthe initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accountingprofit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able to control thereversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising fromdeductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profitsagainst which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.55Table of ContentsThe carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficienttaxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based ontax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assetsreflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carryingamount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when thedeferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities wherethere is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, inwhich case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arisesfrom the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.Store preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll and supplies.The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenses when occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases areclassified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes. Leaseholdimprovements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes other thanconstruction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful lives and aftertaking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction in progressis carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment whencompleted and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for theirintended use.56Table of ContentsAn item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of theasset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) isincluded in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.The Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights to use theland on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizable valuerepresents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fair valuethrough profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model formanaging them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the practicalexpedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus in the case of a financialasset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group hasapplied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance with the policies set out for “Revenue recognition(applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cash flowsthat are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established by regulation orconvention in the marketplace.57Subsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognised inthe income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversals arerecognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair value changes arerecognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive income is recycled to theincome statement.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under HKAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. The classification isdetermined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statement when theright of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and the amount of the dividendcan be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains arerecorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income are not subject to impairmentassessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value throughprofit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for thepurpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading unless they aredesignated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interest are classified and measured atfair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to be classified at amortised cost or at fairvalue through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition ifdoing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.58Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in theincome statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separate derivative if theeconomic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet thedefinition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changesin fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cashflows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between thecontractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the originaleffective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to thecontractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are providedfor credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been asignificant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespectiveof the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. When making theassessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on thefinancial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort,including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider afinancial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full beforetaking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering thecontractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the general approach andthey are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach as detailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured at anamount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets and for whichthe loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the loss allowance ismeasured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs59Simplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of asignificant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not track changes incredit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on itshistorical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt the simplifiedapproach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed from theGroup’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to what extent, ithas retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset nortransferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Groupalso recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that theGroup has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and the maximumamount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’sfinancial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.Subsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method unless theeffect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement when the liabilities arederecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.60Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantiallymodified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference between therespective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right tooffset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to the contractualprovisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financialassets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.The Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. Theeffective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of theeffective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, where appropriate, a shorter period tothe net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.61Table of ContentsReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including trade and otherreceivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment (seeaccounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a resultof one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have been affected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequently assessed forimpairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience of collecting payments,and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national or local economic conditions thatcorrelate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between the asset’scarrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.The carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables, where thecarrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized in profit or loss. When atrade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off arecredited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment losseswas recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset at the date theimpairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.G.Safe HarborSee “Introductory Notes—ForwardLooking Information.”62Table of ContentsITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEESA.Directors and Senior ManagementThe following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors and senior management, as well as employees upon whose work we are dependent, as ofthe date of this annual report.NAMEAGEPOSITIONKeyan Yan47Chairman and Chief Executive OfficerThemis Kalapotharakos44Executive DirectorLixiaTu37Chief Financial Officer and DirectorJohn Sano49Independent DirectorMatthew C. Los54Independent DirectorZhongmin Zhang76Independent DirectorYuet Mei Chan38Independent DirectorMr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has been the Chairman of our board of directors and Chief Executive Officer since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr.Yan has over 16 years of senior management experience. He served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of KBS International between March 2011 and August2014. From 1994 to present, Mr. Yan has served as general manager of Hongri PRC. Prior to joining us, Mr. Yan served as workshop manager, production managerand marketing manager of Zhenshi Knitting Factory in Shishi, China from 19891994. Mr. Yan obtained a certificate of corporate management from Xiamen Universityin 1992.Ms. Lixia Tu. Ms. Tu became the Company’s Chief Financial Officer on June 25, 2015. Ms. Tu has more than night years of accounting and audit experience, familiarwith IFRS, US GAAP, SarbanesOxley and the compliance requirements of SEC. After she worked as a project manager at BDO China Fu Jian SHU LUN PANCertified Public Accountants for four years, she worked as a CFO or a financial consultant for some other companies. Ms. Tu holds a Master’s degree inprofessional accounting from the University of Deakin in Australia. Ms. Tu is also a member of the Chartered Association of Certified Accountants.Mr. Themis Kalapotharakos. Mr. Kalapotharakos became our executive director on June 15, 2015. Mr. Kalapotharakos has acquired a range of expertise of a widespectrum of business activities. He has extensive highlevel experience at the Shipping, Trading and Finance industries where he has founded, developed andoperated various businesses starting from the ground up. His roles involved regular communication and coordination with investors, financial institutions, capitalmarket authorities, custodian and administrative banks, auditors and legal counsel. He holds a Bachelor’s degree from Cardiff University and an MSc Degree fromCass Business School in the UK.John Sano. Mr. Sano has been an independent director of the Company since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr. Sano has over 20 years ofexperience in apparel & home furnishings concept, design, sourcing, production, and ecommerce. He has extensive experience in all aspects of the retail clothingsupply chain, from conceptualization to final production and distribution. Mr. Sano has also advised and worked closely with numerous top brands in the US. Hehas been General Director of Sano Design Services since 2002. Mr. Sano has an associate’s degree in interior design from Traphagen School of Design.Mr. Matthew C. Los. Mr. Los became our director on October 8, 2015. Mr. Los has acquired a range of expertise of a wide spectrum of business activities. He hasover 20 years’ experience at high level management, and has founded, developed and operated various businesses in the shipping, energy, telecommunications realestate industries starting from the ground up. He also has experience in the capital markets and was the CEO of Aquasition Corp., the predecessor of the Company,prior to the Share Exchange. Mr. Los has a BSc in Mechanical Engineering and Computer Aided Design from University of Westminster in the UK.Mr. Zhongmin Zhang. Mr. Zhang became our director on July 10, 2017. He has over 45 years of extensive experience in many facets of textile business, including inproduction, marketing, and management. Currently, Mr. Zhang is the president of Zhengzhou Guangda Textile Printing & Dyeing Co., Ltd. which has an annualproduction of 216 million meters of various textile products, with a value of RMB 800 million. Holding a title of Senior Engineer, Mr. Zhang graduated from HarbinInstitute of Technology in 1965. He also has certificates in finance management and civil law.Mr. Yuet Mei Chan. Ms. Chan became our director on July 10, 2017. She has over 15 years of experience in the banking industry. She held several senior positions ina prestigious bank in Hong Kong from 20012016. She is currently a financial consultant at AIA and specializes in analyzing financial situations and market trends.Ms. Chan holds a diploma in Computing and Business Studies from Hong Kong St. Perth College.No family relationship exists between any of the persons named above.63Table of ContentsB.CompensationIn 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $207,268 in cash as compensation to our directors and senior management as a group, and some of our directors andexecutive officers also received compensation in the form of annual salaries and bonuses. We do not set aside or accrue any amounts for pension, retirement orother benefits for our directors and senior management. However, we reimburse our directors for outofpocket expenses incurred in connection with their services insuch capacity.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to our executive officers and directors as compensations for theirservices. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to the Company’s executiveofficers, directors and certain employees as compensations for their service. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.2018 Equity Incentive PlanOn December 24, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2018 Plan, pursuant to which the Company may offerup to two million shares of common stock as equity incentives to its directors, employees and consultants. Such number of shares is subject to adjustment in theevent of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, stock splits, stock dividends, or other change in the corporate structure of the Companyaffecting the shares issuable under the 2018 Plan. As of December 31, 2018, we have not granted any equity awards under the 2018 Plan.The following paragraphs summarize the terms of our 2018 Plan:Purpose. The purposes of the 2018 Plan are to promote the longterm growth and profitability of the Company and its affiliates by stimulating the efforts ofemployees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates who are selected to be participants, aligning the longterm interests of participants with thoseof shareholders, heightening the desire of participants to continue in working toward and contributing to our success, attracting and retaining the best availablepersonnel for positions of substantial responsibility, and generally providing additional incentive for them to promote the success of our business through the grantof awards of or pertaining to our common stock. The 2018 Plan permits the grant of ISOs, NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share AppreciationRights, Performance Units and Performance Shares as the administrator of the 2018 Plan may determine.Administration. The 2018 Plan is administered by our Board. The administrator has the authority to determine the specific terms and conditions of all awards grantedunder the 2018 Plan, including, without limitation, the number of shares of common stock subject to each award, the price to be paid for the shares and the applicablevesting criteria. The administrator has discretion to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2018 Plan.Eligibility. NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share Appreciation Rights, Performance Units and Performance Shares may be granted to employees,directors or consultants either alone or in combination with any other awards. ISOs may be granted only to employees of the Company, and of any parent orsubsidiary.Shares Available for Issuance Under the 2018 Plan. Subject to adjustment as described below, (a) the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issuedunder the 2018 Plan is 2,000,000 shares of common stock, (b) to the extent consistent with Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the“Code”), not more than an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of common stock may be issued under ISOs, and (c) not more than 200,000 shares of common stock (or forawards denominated in cash, the Fair Market Value of 200,000 shares of common stock on the Grant Date, as defined in the 2018 Plan), may be awarded to anyindividual participant in the aggregate in any one fiscal year of the Company, such limitation to be applied in a manner consistent with the requirements of, and onlyto the extent required for compliance with, the exclusion from the limitation on deductibility of compensation under Code Section 162(m). The number and class ofshares available under the 2018 Plan are subject to adjustment in the event of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, share splits, sharedividends, or other similar events which change the number or kind of shares outstanding.64Table of ContentsTransferability. Unless otherwise provided in the 2018 Plan or otherwise determined by the administrator, an award may not be sold, pledged, assigned,hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution and may be exercised, during the lifetime of theparticipant, only by the participant. However, the administrator may, at or after the grant of an award other than an ISO, provide that such award may be transferredby the recipient to a “family member” (as defined in the 2018 Plan); provided, however, that any such transfer is without payment of any consideration whatsoeverand that no transfer shall be valid unless first approved by the administrator, acting in its sole discretion, and as required by our Amended and Restated Articles ofIncorporation. If the administrator makes an award transferable, such award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the administrator deemsappropriate.Termination of, or Amendments to, the 2018 Plan. The Board may at any time amend, alter, suspend or terminate the 2018 Plan, provided that the Company willobtain shareholder approval of any 2018 Plan amendment to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with applicable Laws. No amendment, alteration,suspension or termination of the 2018 Plan will impair the rights of any participant, unless mutually agreed otherwise between the participant and the administrator,which agreement must be in writing and signed by the participant and the Company. Termination of the 2018 Plan will not affect the administrator’s ability to exercisethe powers granted to it hereunder with respect to awards granted prior to the date of such termination.The 2018 Plan will terminate five years following the date it was adopted by the Board, unless sooner terminated by the Board.Employment AgreementsPlease refer to Item 10 “Additional Information—C. Material Contracts.”C.Board PracticesOur board of directors currently consists of seven members, Keyan Yan, Lixia Tu, John Sano, Themis Kalapotharakos, Matthew C. Los, Yuet Mei Chan andZhongmin Zhang.The Board has established the Audit Committee, which is comprised entirely of independent directors. From time to time, the Board may establish other committees.Audit CommitteeOur Audit Committee is currently composed of three members: Yuet Mei Chan, John Sano and Matthew C. Los. Our Board of Directors determined that each memberof the Audit Committee meets the independence criteria prescribed by applicable regulation and the rules of the SEC for audit committee membership. Each AuditCommittee member also meets NASDAQ’s financial literacy requirements. Matthew C. Los serves as Chair of the Audit Committee.Our Board of Directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is the “audit committee financial expert” as such term is defined in Item 407(d) of Regulation SKpromulgated by the SEC and also meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements.The Audit Committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our Company. The Audit Committee isresponsible for, among other things:●the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the independent auditor;●reviewing and preapproving all auditing services and permissible nonaudit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed by theindependent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed relatedparty transactions;●discussing the interim and annual financial statements with management and our independent auditors;●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor (a) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls, (b) theCompany’s internal audit procedures, and (c) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, and managementreports thereon;65Table of Contents●reviewing reported violations of the Company’s code of conduct and business ethics; and●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor various topics and events that may have significant financial impact on theCompany or that are the subject of discussions between management and the independent auditors.D.EmployeesAs of December 31, 2018, we employed 370 fulltime employees. The following table sets forth the number of our fulltime employees by function. FunctionNumber ofEmployeesManagement and Administration28Marketing, Sales and Distribution18Design and Product Development20Production281Procurement, Warehousing and Logistics19Quality and Assurance7TOTAL370We believe that we have maintained a satisfactory working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any significant labor disputes or anydifficulty in recruiting staff for company’s operations. None of company’s employees is represented by a labor union.Our employees in China participate in a state pension plan organized by Chinese municipal and provincial governments. The company is required to make monthlycontributions to the plan for each employee at the rate of 23% of his or her average assessable salary. In addition, the company is required by Chinese law to coveremployees in China with various types of social insurance. The company believes that it is in material compliance with the relevant PRC laws.E.Share OwnershipThe following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of each class of our voting securities as of April 26, 2019 (i) by each person who is knownby us to beneficially own more than 5% of our voting securities; (ii) by each of our officers and directors; and (iii) by all of our officers and directors as a group.NameOffice, If AnyTitle of ClassAmount andNature ofBeneficialOwnership(1)Percent ofClass(2)Officers and DirectorsKeyan Yan(3)Chairman, CEO and PresidentCommon Stock964,32037.21%Lixia TuChief Financial Officer and DirectorCommon Stock60,0002.32%Themis KalapotharakosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%John SanoDirectorCommon Stock5,0000.19%Matthew C. LosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%Zhongmin ZhangDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%Yuet Mei ChanDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%All officers and directors as a group (7 personsnamed above)1,129,32043.58%5% Security HoldersKeyan Yan (3)Common Stock964,32037.21%Alliance Investment Management Limited(4)Common Stock195,488(4)7.54%*Less than 1%(1)Beneficial Ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Eachof the beneficial owners listed above has direct ownership of and sole voting power and investment power with respect to our common stock.66Table of Contents(2)As of April 26, 2019, a total of 2,591,299 shares of commons stock are considered to be outstanding pursuant to SEC Rule 13d3(d)(1). For each Beneficial Ownerabove, any securities that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days have been included in the denominator.(3)Includes 20,000 shares of common stock owned by Bizhen Chen, Mr. Yan’s wife.(4)Based solely on Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on August 8, 2018, in which Alliance Investment Management reported it has sole voting and dispositivepower with respect to 195,488 shares of our common stock. The address of the reporting person is 7 Belmont Road, Kingston, Jamaica.None of our existing shareholders has voting rights that differ from the voting rights of other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at asubsequent date, result in our change in control.ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSA.Major ShareholdersPlease refer to Item 6 “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.”B.Related Party TransactionsFrom time to time, KBS and its subsidiaries borrowed money from our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Keyan Yan, to pay for Company expenses. Theseamounts are interestfree, unsecured and repayable on demand. In years 2017 and 2016, Mr. Yan paid all the Company expenses in connection with the Company’sNasdaq continued listing and SEC reporting out of his pocket. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of these amounts we borrowed from Mr. Yan was$485,302 and $35,483, respectively.C.Interests of Experts and CounselNot applicable.ITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATIONA.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial InformationFinancial StatementsWe have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this report. See Item 18 “Financial Statements.”Legal Proceedings We may be subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our business from time to time. We are currently not party to anylegal or arbitration proceedings, including those relating to bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings and those involving any third party, which may have, orhave had in the recent past, significant effects on our financial position or profitability.Dividend PolicyTo date, we have not paid any cash dividends on our shares. As a Marshall Islands company, we may only declare and pay dividends except when the corporationis insolvent or would thereby be made insolvent or when the declaration or payment would be contrary to any restrictions contained in our Articles ofIncorporation. Dividends may be declared and paid out of surplus only; but in case there is no surplus, dividends may be declared or paid out of the net profits forthe fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and for the preceding fiscal year. We currently anticipate that we will retain any available funds to finance thegrowth and operation of our business and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our cash held in foreign countriesmay be subject to certain control limitations or repatriation requirements, limiting our ability to use this cash to pay dividends.67Table of ContentsB.Significant ChangesNo significant change has occurred since the date of our consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTINGA.Offer and Listing DetailsOur common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market and trade under the symbol “KBSF.” Between January 23, 2013 and November 3, 2014, our commonstock was traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “AQU.” Our Warrants and Units are quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “KBSFW”and “KBSFU”, respectively. Prior to November 3, 2014, our Warrants and Units were quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “AQUUF” and “AQUUU”,respectively. Before their quotation on the OTC Markets, our Units commenced to trade on the Nasdaq Stock Market on October 26, 2012 and our Warrantscommenced to trade separately from its Units on January 23, 2013.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.Approximate Number of Holders of Our SecuritiesOn April 26, 2019, there was 1 holder of record of our Units, 359 shareholders of record of our common stock and 1 holder of record of our Warrants. Certain of oursecurities are held in nominee or street name so the actual number of beneficial owners of our securities is greater than the number of record holders set forth above.B.Plan of DistributionNot applicable.C.MarketsSee our disclosures above under “A. Offer and Listing Details.”D.Selling ShareholdersNot applicable. E.DilutionNot applicable.F.Expenses of the IssueNot applicable.68Table of ContentsITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONA.Share CapitalOur Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation authorize the Company to issue up to 155,000,000 shares with a par value of $0.0001, consisting of 150,000,000shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of date of this report, there are 2,591,299 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Wehave never issued any preferred stock.●As of date of this report, we have 717 IPO Units outstanding.●As of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding (including 369,302 IPO Warrants and 24,534 Placement Warrants), each warrant entitles theholder to purchase one share of common stock at a purchase price of $172.5.B.Memorandum and Articles of AssociationThe following represents a summary of certain key provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. The summary does not purport to be a summary of allof the provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. For more complete information you should read our amended and restated articles ofincorporation and bylaws, each listed as an exhibit to this report.We were incorporated in the Marshall Islands on January 26, 2012 under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BCA”). The purpose of the Company isto engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may now or hereafter be organized under the BCA. Our amended and restated articles of incorporationand bylaws do not impose any limitations on the ownership rights of our stockholders.Description of Common StockEach outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Upon our dissolution, liquidation orwinding up of the affairs of the Company, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidationpreferences, if any, the holders or our common stock will be entitled to receive pro rata our remaining assets available for distribution. Holders of common stock donot have conversion, redemption or preemptive rights to subscribe to any of our securities.Blank Check Preferred Stock.Our Board of Directors is authorized, without any further vote or action by our stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in different classesand series and, with respect to each class or series, to determine the designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights,conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the powers and rights associated with the common stock,at such times and on such other terms as they think proper. Our Board of Directors may issue shares of preferred stock on terms calculated to discourage, delay orprevent a change of control of our company or the removal of our management.WarrantsAs of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding, among which 369,302 warrants were issued to the public in our IPO (the “IPO Warrants”). Each ofthe IPO Warrants entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.5 expiring on July 31, 2019, provided that there is an effectiveregistration statement covering the shares of common stock underlying the IPO Warrants.69Table of ContentsThe Company may redeem the IPO Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon 30 days’ notice, after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, only inthe event that the last sale price of the shares of common stock is at least $17.50 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30trading day period (“30Day TradingPeriod”) ending three business days prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is a current registration statement in effect with respectto the shares of common stock underlying such IPO Warrants throughout the 30day redemption period. The Company is only required to use its best efforts tomaintain the effectiveness of the registration statement covering the underlying common stock of the IPO Warrants. There are no contractual penalties for failure todeliver securities if a registration statement is not effective at the time of exercise. Additionally, in the event that a registration statement is not effective at the time ofexercise, the holder of such warrant shall not be entitled to exercise such warrant for cash and in no event (whether in the case of a registration statement not beingeffective or otherwise) will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrant exercise.In addition, Aqua Investments Corp., an entity controlled by certain founding shareholders of the Company, acquired 24,534 warrants, each entitles the holder topurchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50, expiring on July 31, 2019 (the “Placement Warrants”). The Placement Warrants are identical to the IPOWarrants except that the Placement Warrants (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis; (ii) will not be redeemable by the Company and (ii) may beexercised even if there is not an effective registration statement relating to the shares underlying the warrants, so long as they are held by the initial purchaser orany of its permitted transferees.As of date of this report, we also have 717 IPO Units outstanding and publicly trading, each including one IPO Warrant and one share of our common stock.DirectorsThe business and affairs of the Company are managed by or under the direction of our Board of Directors.Our directors are elected by the holders of the shares representing a majority of the total voting power of the thenoutstanding capital stock of the Company entitledto vote generally in the election of directors (“Voting Stock”). Our amended and restated articles of incorporation provide that cumulative voting shall not be used toelect directors. Each director will be elected to serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his/her successor shall have been duly elected andqualified, except in the event of his/her death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of his/her term of office.Any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of thetotal voting power of the Voting Stock entitled to vote thereon or with cause by directors constituting at least twothirds of the entire Board.Vacancies in the Board of Directors occurring by death, resignation, the creation of new directorships, the failure of the shareholders to elect the whole board at anyannual election of directors, or, except as herein provided, for any other reason, including removal of directors for cause, may be filled either by the affirmative voteof a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, at any special meeting called for that purpose or at any regular meeting of theBoard. Vacancies occurring by removal of directors without cause may be filled only by vote of the shareholders.Shareholder MeetingsAnnual stockholder meetings will be held at a time and place selected by our board of directors. The meetings may be held in or outside of the Marshall Islands.Under our amended and restated articles of incorporation, special meetings may be called by the board of directors, or by the secretary of the Company requestedby stockholders representing certain amount of voting power. Our board of directors shall give not less than 15 days and not more than 60 days prior written noticeof a shareholders’ meeting to each shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat and to each shareholder of record who, by reason of any action proposed at suchmeeting would be entitled to have his/her shares appraised if such action were taken, and the notice shall include a statement of that purpose and to that effect.Our bylaws provide that a meeting of shareholders is duly constituted if, at the commencement of the meeting, there are shareholders present in person or by proxyrepresenting not less than a majority of the votes of the shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on resolutions of shareholders to be considered at themeeting.70Table of ContentsIf a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of stock represented at the meeting will be the act of the shareholders. At any meeting ofshareholders, each shareholder entitled to vote any shares on any manner to be voted upon at such meeting shall be entitled to one vote on such matter for eachsuch share. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the action so taken, issigned by all the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof.Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal and Payment.Under the BCA, our stockholders have the right to dissent from various corporate actions, including any merger or sale of all or substantially all of our assets notmade in the usual course of our business, and receive payment of the fair value of their shares. However, the right of a dissenting stockholder to receive payment ofthe fair value of his or her shares shall not be available for any shares of stock of the constituent corporation surviving a merger if the merger did not require for itsapproval the vote of the stockholders of the surviving corporation. In the event of any further amendment of our articles of incorporation, a stockholder also has theright to dissent and receive payment for his or her shares if the amendment alters certain rights in respect of those shares. The dissenting stockholder must followthe procedures set forth in the BCA to receive payment. In the event that we and any dissenting stockholder fail to agree on a price for the shares, the BCAprocedures involve, among other things, the institution of proceedings in the circuit court in the judicial circuit in the Marshall Islands in which our Marshall Islandsoffice is situated. The value of the shares of the dissenting stockholder is fixed by the court after reference, if the court so elects, to the recommendations of a courtappointed appraiser.Stockholders’ Derivative ActionsUnder the BCA, any of our stockholders may bring an action in our name to procure a judgment in our favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that thestockholder bringing the action is a holder of common stock both at the time the derivative action is commenced and at the time of the transaction to which theaction relates.Indemnification of Officers and DirectorsThe BCA authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors and officers to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages forbreaches of directors’ fiduciary duties. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation include a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors formonetary damages for actions taken as a director to the fullest extent permitted by law. We must indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorizedby law. We are also expressly authorized to advance certain expenses (including attorneys’ fees and disbursements and court costs) to our directors and offices andcarry directors’ and officers’ insurance providing indemnification for our directors, officers and certain employees for some liabilities.The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws may discourage stockholders frombringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigationagainst directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. In addition, your investment may beadversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.C.Material ContractsWe have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in Item 4 “Information on theCompany,” Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations,” Item 7 “Major Shareholders and RelatedParty Transactions,” or filed (or incorporated by reference) as exhibits to this annual report or otherwise described or referenced in this annual report.D.Exchange ControlsMarshall Islands Exchange ControlsUnder Marshall Islands law, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect theremittance of dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our shares.71Table of ContentsBVI Exchange ControlsThere are no material exchange controls restrictions on payment of dividends, interest or other payments to the holders of our common stock or on the conduct ofour operations in the BVI, where we were incorporated. There are no material BVI laws that impose any material exchange controls on us or that affect the paymentof dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our common stock. BVI law and our memorandum and articles of association do not impose anymaterial limitations on the right of nonresidents or foreign owners to hold or vote our common stock.PRC Exchange ControlsRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued bySAFE and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade and service payments, payment ofinterest and dividends can be made without prior approval from SAFE by following the appropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMBinto foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRC for the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments,loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from SAFE or its local office.On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency Management Policy on Direct Investment, effective fromJune 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investmentfrom SAFE. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for the purpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed withqualified banks, which, under the supervision of SAFE, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise, or SAFE Circular 19,was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to SAFE Circular 19, a foreigninvested enterprise may, according to its actualbusiness needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchange bureau has confirmedmonetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the time being, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shall truthfully use itscapital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equity investment with theamount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open a corresponding Account forForeign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming andRegulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or SAFE Circular 16, was promulgated and became effective on June 9,2016. According to SAFE Circular 16, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreign currency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionarybasis. SAFE Circular 16 provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items (including but not limited to foreigncurrency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. SAFE Circular 16 reiterates the principle thatRenminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope andmay not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guarantee the principal within the PRCunless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless it is within the businessscope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Optimizing Genuineness and ComplianceVerification, or SAFE Circular 3, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits from domestic entities tooffshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution, original copies oftax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses before remitting any profits.Moreover, pursuant to SAFE Circular 3, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provide boardresolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.72Table of ContentsRegulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsSAFE issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special PurposeVehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issues Concerning theRegulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles, to regulateforeign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investment and financing orconduct round trip investment in China. SAFE Circular 37 defines a SPV as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly or indirectly, by PRC residents orentities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets or interests, while “round tripinvestment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through SPVs, namely, establishing foreigninvested enterprises to obtain theownership, control rights and management rights. SAFE Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into an SPV, PRC residents or entities be required tocomplete foreign exchange registration with SAFE or its local branch. In addition, SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving theAdministration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended SAFE Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015,requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.PRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to SPVs but had not obtained registration as required before theimplementation of the SAFE Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the SPVs with qualified banks. An amendment to the registration isrequired if there is a material change with respect to the SPV registered, such as any change of basic information (including change of the PRC residents, name andoperation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers or divisions. Failure to comply with the registrationprocedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclose controllers of the foreigninvestedenterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to itsoffshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities to penalties under PRC foreignexchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companiesby PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRCsubsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansSAFE promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan ofOverseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issued by SAFE in March 2007. Pursuant tothe Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residents participating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted companyare required to register with SAFE or its local branches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents mustconduct the SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of theoverseas publicly listed company or another qualified institution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevantSAFE registration should there be any material change to the stock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of thePRC residents who have the right to exercise the employee stock options, apply to SAFE or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreigncurrencies in connection with the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the saleof shares under the stock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRCopened by the PRC agents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.73Table of ContentsWe adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We have advised therecipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice. However, wecannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subjectthe PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016 respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014 respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our BVI holding company may rely on dividend payments from IST,which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on the ability of ourconsolidated VIEs to make remittance to IST and on the ability of IST to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations ofthose entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends andother distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you,and otherwise fund and conduct our business”E.TaxationThe following is a general summary of the material Marshall Islands, Hong Kong, BVI, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to an investmentin our units, shares of common stock and warrants to acquire our shares of common stock, sometimes referred to collectively in this summary as our “securities”.The discussion is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal or tax advice to any particular prospective purchaser. The discussion is based on lawsand relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change or different interpretations, possibly withretroactive effect. The discussion does not address United States state or local tax laws, or tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Marshall Islands, Hong Kong,the BVI, the PRC and the United States. We recommend that you consult your own tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquisition, ownership anddisposition of our securities.Marshall Islands TaxationThe following are the material Marshall Islands tax consequences of our activities to us and to our stockholders and warrant holders of investing in our CommonStock and warrants. Under current Marshall Islands law, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains, and no Marshall Islands withholding tax or income taxwill be imposed upon payments of dividends by us to our stockholders or proceeds from the disposition of our common stock and warrants, provided suchstockholders or warrant holders, as the case may be, are not residents in the Marshall Islands. There is no tax treaty between the United States and the Republic ofthe Marshall Islands.BVI TaxationThe BVI does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid to us by our BVI subsidiary, nor does the BVI levy any capital gains or income taxes on us or our BVIsubsidiary. However, our BVI subsidiary is required to pay the BVI government an annual license fee based on the number of shares it is authorized to issue.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the BVI.74Table of ContentsHong Kong TaxationOur Hong Kong subsidiaries, under the current laws of Hong Kong, are subject to profits tax of 16.5%. No provision for Hong Kong profits tax has been made asour Hong Kong subsidiaries have no taxable income.PRC TaxationWe are a holding company incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which indirectly holds our equity interests in our PRC operating subsidiaries. The EIT Law and itsimplementation rules, both of which became effective as of January 1, 2008, provide that a PRC enterprise is subject to a standard income tax rate of 25% and Chinasourced income of foreign enterprises, such as dividends paid by a PRC subsidiary to its overseas parent, will normally be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of10%, unless there are applicable treaties between the overseas parent’s jurisdiction of incorporation and China to reduce such rate.Under the Arrangement between the Mainland and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention ofFiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, or the Double Taxation Arrangement, effective as of January 1, 2007, such dividend withholding tax rate is reducedto 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns over 25% of the PRC company distributing the dividends. Under the aforesaid arrangement, any dividends that ourPRC operating subsidiaries pay to their Hong Kong holding companies may be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 5% if they are not considered to be a PRC“resident enterprise” as described below. However, if the Hong Kong holdings companies are not considered to be the “beneficial owner” of such dividends underthe Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties promulgated by the State Administration of Taxation on October 27,2009 (and not a PRC “resident enterprise”), such dividends would be subject to the withholding tax rate of 10%. The withholding tax rate of 5% or 10% applicablewill have a significant impact on the amount of dividends to be received by us and ultimately by shareholders.According to the Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties, the term “beneficial owner” refers to a person who hasthe right to own and dispose of the income and the rights or properties generated from the said income. The “beneficial owner” may be an individual, a company orany other organization which is usually engaged in substantial business operations. A conduit company is not a “beneficial owner.” The term “conduit company”refers to a company which is usually established for purposes of dodging or reducing taxes, and transferring or accumulating profits. Such a company is onlyregistered in the country of domicile to satisfy the organizational form as required by law, but it does not engage in such substantial business operations asmanufacturing, distribution and management. As our Hong Kong holding companies are controlling companies and are not engaged in substantial businessoperations, they could be considered as conduit companies by tax authorities and we do not expect them to be a beneficial owner.In addition to the changes to the current tax structure, under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto management bodies” withinChina is considered a resident enterprise and will normally be subject to an EIT of 25% on its global income. The implementing rules define the term “de factomanagement bodies” as “an establishment that exercises, in substance, overall management and control over the production, business, personnel, accounting, etc.,of a Chinese enterprise.”It remains unclear whether the PRC tax authorities would require or permit our overseas registered entities to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. We do notcurrently consider our company to be a PRC resident enterprise. However, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterpriseincome tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on ourworldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on offering proceedsand nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although under the EIT Law and its implementing rulesdividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued guidance with respect to the processing ofoutbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidance issuedwith respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation in which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to our nonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC shareholders from transferring our shares.75Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income TaxationThe following is a discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our securities. It does notpurport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s situation. The discussion applies only toholders that hold their securities as capital assets (generally property held for investment) within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based on the Code, income tax regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial positions, published positions of theInternal Revenue Service, or the IRS, and other applicable authorities, all as in effect as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly withretroactive effect. This discussion is general in nature and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations, nor does the discussion address any state, local orforeign tax considerations or any U.S. tax considerations (e.g., estate or gift tax) other than U.S. federal income tax considerations, that may be applicable toparticular holders.This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant in light of particular circumstances, nor does it address the U.S.federal income tax consequences to persons who are subject to special rules under U.S. federal income tax law, including:●banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions;●persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;●taxexempt organizations;●controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid United States federal incometax;●certain former citizens or longterm residents of the United States;●dealers in securities or currencies;●traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting for their securities holdings;●persons that own, or are deemed to own, more than five percent of our capital stock;●holders who acquired our stock as compensation or pursuant to the exercise of a stock option; or●persons who hold our shares as a position in a hedging transaction, “straddle,” or other risk reduction transaction.For purposes of this discussion, a U.S. holder is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (ii) acorporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States (or treated assuch under applicable U.S. tax laws), any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardlessof its source; or (iv) a trust if (a) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have theauthority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) it has a valid election in effect under applicable law and regulations to be treated as a U.S. person forU.S. federal income tax purposes. A nonU.S. holder is a holder that is neither a U.S. holder nor a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S.federal income tax purposes.In the case of a partnership or entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally willdepend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal incometax consequences to them of the merger or of the ownership and disposition of our shares.As a result of consummation of the Share Exchange, (i) we acquired substantially all the properties of KBS International, a U.S. corporation, and (ii) the formershareholders of KBS International held at least 80 percent of our common stock by reason of having held stock of KBS International. Accordingly, under Section7874 of the Code, we are treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as a U.S. corporation and, among other consequences, are subject to U.S. federal income tax on ourworldwide income. This discussion assumes that Section 7874 of the Code continues to apply to treat us as a U.S. corporation for all purposes under the Code. If,for some reason (e.g., future repeal of Section 7874 of the Code), we were no longer treated as a U.S. corporation under the Code, the U.S. federal income taxconsequences described herein could be materially and adversely affected.76Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. HoldersDistributionsIn the event that distributions are paid on our common stock, the gross amount of such distributions will be included in the gross income of the U.S. holder asdividend income on the date of receipt to the extent that the distribution is paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federalincome tax principles. Such dividends will be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Dividends received by noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, may be subject to reduced rates of taxation under current law. A U.S. holdermay be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed on dividends paid by us. However, the foreign tax credit rules arecomplex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 of the Code and the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and theGovernment of the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, or theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty, is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may be entitled to underthe foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.To the extent that dividends paid on our common stock exceed current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distributions will be treated first as a taxfree returnof tax basis on our common stock, and to the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds tax basis, the excess will be treated as gain from the disposition ofthose common stock. Because Section 7874 of the Code has applied to treat us as a U.S. corporation only since consummation of the Share Exchange in 2014, wemay not be able to demonstrate to the IRS the extent to which a distribution on our common stock exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (asdetermined under U.S. federal income tax principles), in which case all of such distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.Sale or Other DispositionU.S. holders of our common stock will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of common stock equal to the differencebetween the amount realized for the common stock and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the common stock. This gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss. Undercurrent law, noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, are eligible for reduced tax rates if the common stock has been held for more than one year. Thedeductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. A U.S. holder may be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed ongain from the sale or other disposition of common stock. However, the foreign tax credit rules are complex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 ofthe Code and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may beentitled to under the foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Unearned Income Medicare ContributionCertain U.S. holders who are individuals, trusts or estates are required to pay an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on, among other things, dividends on and capitalgains from the sale or other disposition of shares of stock. U.S. holders should consult their own advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this rule on their ownershipand disposition of our common stock.U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for NonU.S. HoldersDistributionsThe rules applicable to nonU.S. holders for determining the extent to which distributions on our common stock, if any, constitute dividends for U.S. federal incometax purposes are the same as for U.S. holders. See “–U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. Holders– Distributions.”77Table of ContentsAny dividends paid to a nonU.S. holder by us are treated as income derived from sources within the United States and generally will be subject to U.S. federalincome tax withholding at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends, or at a lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty if nonU.S. holdersprovide proper certification of eligibility for the lower rate (usually on IRS Form W8BEN or W8BENE). Dividends received by a nonU.S. holder that are effectivelyconnected with such holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business (and, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained bythe nonU.S. holder in the U.S.) are exempt from such withholding tax, provided that applicable certification requirements are satisfied. In such case, however, nonU.S. holders will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such dividends, net of certain deductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. In addition, corporatenonU.S. holders may be subject to an additional branch profits tax equal to 30% or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable tax treaty on dividendsreceived that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.If nonU.S. holders are eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, such nonU.S. holders may obtain a refund ofany excess amounts withheld by filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.Sale or Other DispositionExcept as described below for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, any gain realized by a nonU.S. holder upon the saleor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:criminal liability in serious cases.According to the PRC Product Quality Law, consumers or other victims who suffer injury or property losses due to product defects may demand compensation fromthe manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the corresponding amount from the manufacturer if the manufactureris responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Relating to Consumer ProtectionThe principal legal provisions for the protection of consumer interests are set forth in the Law of the PRC on Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests, or theConsumer Protection Law, which was promulgated in October 1993 amended in October 2013. The Consumer Protection Law sets forth standards of behavior thatbusinesses must observe in their dealings with consumers.Violations of the Consumer Protection Law may result in the imposition of fines. In addition, the violating entity may be ordered to suspend its operations, and itsbusiness license may be revoked. There may also be criminal liability in serious cases.According to the Consumer Protection Law, if the legal rights and interests of a consumer are violated during the purchase or use of goods, the consumer may seekcompensation from the seller. If the manufacturer or an upstream distributor is responsible, after compensating the consumer, the seller may recover thecorresponding amount from the manufacturer or the upstream distributor. Consumers or other persons who suffer personal injury or property damages due todefects in products may seek compensation from the manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the correspondingamount from the manufacturer if the manufacturer is responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Related to TrademarksThe PRC Trademark Law, adopted in 1982 and revised in 2001 and 2013, protects the proprietary rights to registered trademarks. The Trademark Office under theState Administration of Industry and Commerce handles trademark registration and grants a term of ten years to registered trademarks and another ten years totrademarks as requested upon expiry of the prior term. Trademark license agreements and transfer agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record.37Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Environmental MattersOur facilities are subject to various governmental regulations related to environmental protection. We use a myriad of chemicals in our operations and produceemissions that could pose environmental risks. Our manufacturing facilities are subject to various pollution control regulations with respect to noise, water and airpollution and the disposal of waste and hazardous materials, including, China’s Environmental Protection Law, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Appraisingof Environment Impacts, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of AirPollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution, and China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of NoisePollution. We are subject to periodic inspections by local environmental protection authorities.We did not incur material costs in environmental compliance in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016. We believe we are in material compliance with the relevant PRCenvironmental laws and regulations. We are not currently subject to any pending actions alleging any violations of applicable PRC environmental laws.Regulations Related to EmploymentThe PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law require that employers must execute written employment contracts with fulltime employees. All employers mustcompensate their employees with wages equal to at least the local minimum wage standards. Violations of the PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law may resultin the imposition of fines and other administrative sanctions, and serious violations may constitute criminal offences.On December 28, 2012, the PRC Labor Contract Law was amended with effect on July 1, 2013 to impose more stringent requirements on labor dispatch. Under suchlaw, dispatched workers are entitled to pay equal to that of fulltime employees for equal work, but the number of dispatched workers that an employer hires may notexceed a certain percentage of its total number of employees as determined by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Additionally, dispatchedworkers are only permitted to engage in temporary, auxiliary or substitute work. According to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch promulgated by theMinistry of Human Resources and Social Security on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014, the number of dispatched workers hired by anemployer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees (including both directly hired employees and dispatched workers). The Interim Provisions onLabor Dispatch require employers not in compliance with the PRC Labor Contract Law in this regard to reduce the number of its dispatched workers to below 10% ofthe total number of its employees prior to March 1, 2016.Enterprises in China are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in certain employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pensionplan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a workrelated injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund,and contribute to the plans or funds in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of the employees as specified by thelocal government from time to time at locations where they operate their businesses or where they are located. The enterprise may be ordered to pay the full amountwithin a deadline if it fails to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans and may be subject to fines and other administrative sanctions.Regulations Relating to Foreign ExchangeRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued by theState Administration of Foreign Exchange and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade andservice payments, payment of interest and dividends can be made without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange by following theappropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRCfor the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange or its local office.38Table of ContentsOn February 13, 2015, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency ManagementPolicy on Direct Investment, effective from June 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign directinvestment and overseas direct investment from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for thepurpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed with qualified banks, which, under the supervision of the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to this Circular, a foreigninvested enterprise may,according to its actual business needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchangebureau has confirmed monetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the timebeing, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shalltruthfully use its capital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equityinvestment with the amount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open acorresponding Account for Foreign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of theState Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts waspromulgated and became effective on June 9, 2016. According to this Circular, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreigncurrency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionary basis. This Circular provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items(including but not limited to foreign currency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. ThisCircular reiterates the principle that Renminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposesbeyond its business scope and may not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guaranteethe principal within the PRC unless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless itis within the business scope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration andOptimizing Genuineness and Compliance Verification, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits fromdomestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution,original copies of tax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses beforeremitting any profits. Moreover, pursuant to this Circular, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provideboard resolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and RoundtripInvestment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Issues Concerning the Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore SpecialPurpose Vehicles, to regulate foreign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investmentand financing or conduct round trip investment in China. Circular 37 defines a “special purpose vehicle” as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly orindirectly, by PRC residents or entities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets orinterests, while “round trip investment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through special purpose vehicles, namely, establishingforeigninvested enterprises to obtain the ownership, control rights and management rights. Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into a specialpurpose vehicle, PRC residents or entities be required to complete foreign exchange registration with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranch. In addition, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the ForeignExchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015, requiring PRC residents or entities toregister with qualified banks rather than the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.39Table of ContentsPRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to special purpose vehicles but had not obtained registration asrequired before the implementation of the Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the special purpose vehicles with qualified banks. Anamendment to the registration is required if there is a material change with respect to the special purpose vehicle registered, such as any change of basic information(including change of the PRC residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers ordivisions. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclosecontrollers of the foreigninvested enterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchangeactivities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, sharetransfer or liquidation, to its offshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities topenalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating toinvestments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our abilityto inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic IndividualsParticipating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issuedby the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in March 2007. Pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residentsparticipating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted company are required to register with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents must conduct the registration and other procedures withrespect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of the overseas publicly listed company or another qualifiedinstitution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevant registration should there be any material change to thestock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of the PRC residents who have the right to exercise the employeestock options, apply to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreign currencies in connectionwith the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the sale of shares under thestock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRC opened by the PRCagents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.We have adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we will have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We haveadvised the recipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.However, we cannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock IncentivePlan Notice. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plansmay subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016, respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014, respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our Marshall Islands holding company may rely on dividend paymentsfrom Hongri PRC, which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on theability of our other PRC subsidiaries to make remittance to Hongri PRC and on the ability of Hongri PRC to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cashgenerated by the operations of those entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We rely to a significant extent on dividends and otherdistributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiary to fund offshore cash and financing requirements.”40Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Overseas ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the StateOwned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective onSeptember 8, 2006 and was amended on June 22, 2009. These regulations, among other things, require that (i) PRC entities or individuals obtain approval from theMinistry of Commerce before they establish or control a special purpose vehicle overseas, provided that they intend to use the special purpose vehicle to acquiretheir equity interests in a PRC company at the consideration of newly issued share of the special purpose vehicle, or Share Swap, and list their equity interests in thePRC company overseas by listing the special purpose vehicle in an overseas market; (ii) the special purpose vehicle obtains approval from the Ministry ofCommerce before it acquires the equity interests held by the PRC entities or PRC individual in the PRC company by Share Swap; and (iii) the special purpose vehicleobtains China Securities Regulatory Commission approval before it lists overseas. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The approval ofthe China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with this offering under a PRC regulation. The regulation also establishes more complexprocedures for acquisitions conducted by foreign investors that could make it more difficult for us to grow through acquisitions.”Regulations Relating to TaxationDividend Withholding TaxIn March 2007, the National People’s Congress enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law which became effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on February 24,2017. According to Enterprise Income Tax Law, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a foreigninvested enterprise in China to its foreignenterprise investors are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that providesfor a preferential withholding arrangement. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Negotiated Reduction of Dividends and Interest Rates,issued on January 29, 2008 and supplemented and revised on February 29, 2008, and the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, which became effective onDecember 8, 2006 and applicable to income derived in any year of assessment commencing on or after April 1, 2007 in Hong Kong and in any year commencing on orafter January 1, 2007 in the PRC, such withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong enterprise is deemed the beneficial owner of any dividend paid by aPRC subsidiary by PRC tax authorities and holds at least 25% of the equity interest in that particular PRC subsidiary at all times within the 12month periodimmediately prior to the distribution of the dividends. Furthermore, pursuant to the Announcement on Issues concerning “Beneficial Owners” in Tax Treaties issuedon February 3, 2018 by the State Administration of Taxation, when determining the status of “beneficial owners,” a comprehensive analysis may be conductedthrough materials such as articles of association, financial statements, records of capital flows, minutes of board of directors, resolutions of board of directors,allocation of manpower and material resources, the relevant expenses, functions and risk assumption, loan contracts, royalty contracts or transfer contracts, patentregistration certificates and copyright certificates, etc. However, even if an applicant has the status as a “beneficiary owner,” if the competent tax authority findsnecessity to apply the principal purpose test clause in the tax treaties or the general antitax avoidance rules stipulated in domestic tax laws, the general antitaxavoidance provisions shall apply.Enterprise Income TaxIn December 2007, the State Council promulgated the Implementing Rules of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008. TheEnterprise Income Tax Law and its relevant implementing rules (i) impose a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate, which is applicable to both foreigninvestedenterprises and domestic enterprises (ii) permits companies to continue to enjoy their existing tax incentives, subject to certain transitional phaseout rules and(iii) introduces new tax incentives, subject to various qualification criteria.41Table of ContentsThe Enterprise Income Tax Law also provides that enterprises organized under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies”located within China may be considered PRC resident enterprises and therefore be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwideincome. The implementing rules further define the term “de facto management body” as the management body that exercises substantial and overall managementand control over the production and operations, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. If an enterprise organized under the laws of jurisdictionoutside China is considered a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, itwould be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. Second, a 10% withholding tax would be imposed on dividends itpays to its nonPRC enterprise shareholders and with respect to gains derived by its nonPRC enterprise shareholders from transfer of its shares.On October 17, 2017, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Bulletin on Issues Concerning the Withholding of NonPRC Resident Enterprise Income Tax atSource, or Bulletin 37, which replaced the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by NonPRC Resident Enterprisesissued by the State Administration of Taxation on December 10, 2009, and partially replaced and supplemented rules under the Bulletin on Issues of EnterpriseIncome Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by NonPRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7, issued by the State Administration of Taxation on February 3, 2015.Under Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by nonPRC resident enterprises may be recharacterizedand treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose ofavoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. In respect of anindirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the relevant gain is to be regarded as effectively connected with the PRC establishment and thereforeincluded in its enterprise income tax filing, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relatesto the immoveable properties in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not effectively connected to a PRC establishment of a nonresident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax at 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similararrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Pursuant to Bulletin 37, the withholding party shalldeclare and pay the withheld tax to the competent tax authority in the place where such withholding party is located within seven days from the date of occurrenceof the withholding obligation. Both Bulletin 37 and Bulletin 7 do not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange wheresuch shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We and our existingshareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a Chinese establishmentof a nonChinese company, or immovable properties located in China owned by nonChinese companies.”ValueAdded TaxIn November 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Pilot Plan for Imposition of ValueAdded Tax to ReplaceBusiness Tax. In March 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation further promulgated the Notice on Fully Promoting the Pilot Plan forReplacing Business Tax by ValueAdded Tax. Pursuant to this Pilot Plan and the relevant notice, value added tax at a rate of 6% is generally imposed, on anationwide basis, on the revenue generated from the provision of service in lieu of business tax in the modern service industries. Value added tax of a rate of 6%applies to revenue derived from the provision of some modern services. Unlike business tax, a taxpayer is allowed to offset the qualified input value added tax paidon taxable purchases against the output value added tax chargeable on the modern services provided.C.Organizational StructureSee “—A. History and Development of the Company—Corporate Structure” above for details of our current organizational structure.42Table of ContentsD.Property, Plants and EquipmentOur company has established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31,2018, this network was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, our company’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The facilityhas a production capacity of 2 million pieces per year and we move in upon the completion of phase 2 in year 2015. By relocating from the coastal area to AnhuiProvince, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a more stable labor supply. We manufacture a variety of menswear products, including, jeans,shirts, suits and socks. Because of its variety and complexity in the production process, these products require special sewing machines and workmanship, whichwe currently do not possess. As a result, the Company is not yet able to produce KBS branded products and has outsourced its KBS branded productmanufacturing to other established ODM and OEM manufacturers in the Fujian and Zhejiang regions. The Company has completed the second phase constructionof its new factory at the end of 2014. The second phase has an annual production capacity of 5 million pieces subject to our purchasing additional equipment.Currently Anhui factory mainly produces OEM orders and some international orders.Our production facility consists of total 110,557 square meters of land. We obtained a portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square metersand 2,440 square meters in May 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildingsand offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need foradditional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of landhas been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Oncethe construction of the new production facilities is completed, our total production capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year fromthe current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.In 2016, we closed 1 corporate store and as of December 31, 2018, we leased the premises for our sole remaining corporate store. We have undertaken variousmeasures to verify the lessees’ rights to the property leased to us in respect of its stores. In China, all land is owned by the State or other governmental bodies, and“ownership” is generally evidenced by a land use rights certificate. We rent some stores that were located in rural areas where land use rights are held collectivelyby villages and records regarding the ownership of land use rights are frequently not kept. In these cases, the company has confirmed our ability to lease the storesthrough communications with village authorities, and has reviewed electricity and water bills to confirm utilities are being paid by the parties leasing the premises tous. Based on the results of these efforts, we believe the risk of third party claims against our leases of these stores is relatively small and the measures taken by ourcompany are sufficient to verify the land use rights for all of its stores.In addition, the property used as our head office and corporate store is leased from a related party, whose ownership of the property has been verified by ourcompany. We paid a total of RMB720,000, RMB 720,000, and RMB 720,000, as rental fees for the existing corporate stores during the fiscal years 2016, 2017 and 2018,respectively. The total area of these 2 corporate stores is 158 square meters. The sales of each store and its location are shown below:AreaSales in fiscalyear 2016(USD)Sales in fiscalyear 2017(USD)Sales in fiscalyear2018(USD)Shishi factory1,240,354.74772,299691,431Quanzhou Dayang (closed in 2016)470,280.90Total:1,710,635.64772,299691,43143Table of ContentsITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot required.ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSWe are engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of casual menswear in China, including apparel and accessories, which we market under the KBSbrand. The KBS brand was developed in 2006. Before 2012, we were engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of fashion sportswear in China. Sinceour products feature a unique and stylish design that is more fashionable than traditional sportswear, as well as quality fabrics and materials and the sportswearmarket was becoming more and more competitive, in late 2011 we turned our focus on casual menswear market which has higher profit margin. KBS’s apparelproducts include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, Jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, belts and caps. In 2016, the suggestedretail prices of KBS’s products ranged from RMB199 to RMB1,499 for its apparel products and RMB15 to RMB899 for its accessory products. KBS holds newproducts launch events twice every year, one in spring and the other in autumn. Since 2006, we have launched about 1,500,536 collections of new products eachyear with a different theme to highlight the current trends for the season. KBS’s marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese.” KBS’scustomers are male middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range, primarily located in tier two and tier three cities in China. The company has adopted “KBS” as auniform brand name, which stands for “Keep Best Style”, and KBS are designed by us for a uniform look and feel that fits our brand image, with instore displaysthat accentuate the quality and style of our products across all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. We believe that the KBSbrand has become a recognized brand name in the cities where their products are sold.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors. Thenumber of stores grew significantly from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006 to 31 corporate stores as of December 31, 2012 and 96franchised stores as of December 31, 2013, and decreased to 84 stores as of December 31, 2014. Because of the recent softening of economic growing in China andfierce competition from our competitors, online store sales of franchised stores and corporate stores went down in 2015 as compared with the previous year. In 2017and 2018, the distributors closed 15 and 8 franchised stores, respectively, and we closed 1 corporate store in year 2016. We generate more revenues from OEM in2018 and intend to generate more in OEM and target area from acquisitions.KBS also acts as an original design manufacturer, or ODM, upon request. Income from such services accounted for 14%, 7.3% and 9% of revenue for the yearsended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, KBS’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The company believesthat the shortage of labor and rising wage expectations in China, especially in the coastal area, could have a material impact on our operations as well as itssuppliers’ cost of manufacturing. By relocating from the coastal area to inland Anhui Province, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a morestable labor supply. Since the company’s original production team was not ready to produce the new style KBS products, KBS has outsourced its productmanufacturing to other established ODM manufacturers. As such, KBS’s own production facility in Taihu mainly takes OEM orders from other sportswearcompanies, like Xtep. Our production facility in Taihu, Anhui Province includes three parcels of land with a total area of 110,557 square meters. We have obtainedland use rights for two parcels of land with an area of 9,845 square meters in 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction ofthe adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire theland use right of the third parcel of land. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 can be continued. Once completed, our totalproduction capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year. We do not necessarilyrely on our own production facility to satisfy the demand of our products as we may outsource some or all of the production work to various ODM and OEMmanufacturers in China.44Table of ContentsA.Principal Factors Affecting Financial PerformanceOur operating results are primarily affected by the following factors:●Growth of China’s menswear industry. With approximately onefifth of the world’s population and a fastgrowing gross domestic product, Chinarepresents a significant growth opportunity for a wide variety of retail goods, including apparel. The enhanced living standards and increased disposableincome that has resulted from the vibrant economic growth has driven the rapid development of the men’s apparel market in China in recent years. China iscurrently one of the world’s largest men’s apparel markets. As a leading provider of casual menswear in China, we believe we are well positioned tocapitalize on the favorable economic, demographic and industry trends in this sector.●Brand recognition. We derive all of our revenues from sales of the KBS branded products in China, and our success depends on the market perceptionand acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture, lifestyle and images associated with this brand. Market acceptance of our brand may affect the sellingprices and market demand for our products, the profit margin of us can achieve, and our ability to grow.●Ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network. The ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in terms of floor area in our salesnetwork affects our results of operations in a given period. The franchised stores operated by our distributors have been and will continue to be the maincontributor to our revenue for the foreseeable future. Under the distribution business model, we sell directly to our distributors and recognize revenuesupon delivery of our products to them. Such distribution network has enabled us to accelerate sales growth at a much lower cost than opening direct storesand has limited our inventory and sales risks. Corporate stores operated by us, on the other hand, despite incurring more significant capital expenditures ascompared with franchised stores, allow us more control over our brand and the consumer’s shopping experience, which are important factors for the overallsuccess of our business. In addition, our corporate store sales generally have a higher gross profit margin than sales to distributors because we are able tosell the products at retail prices directly to the endconsumers and because we recognize expenses relating to our corporate stores as selling anddistribution expenses. Therefore, the ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network will affect our gross profit margin.●Product offering and pricing. Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define menswear trends as well as to anticipate, gauge andreact to changing consumer demands for menswear in a timely manner. Most of our products are subject to changing consumer preferences and fashiontrends that cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumer acceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, andour future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes.●Fluctuations in raw material supply and prices. The per unit cost of producing our products depends on the supply and price of raw materials,particularly fabrics such as cotton, wool and polyester, which have experienced volatility in past years. Increases in the price of raw materials wouldnegatively impact our gross margins if we are not able to offset such price increases through increases in our selling price or changes in product offeringsand mix.Financial Statement PresentationRevenue. During the periods covered by this section, we generated revenue from sales of our menswear products.45Table of ContentsCost of sales. During the periods covered by this section, our cost of sales primarily consisted of the costs of our outsourcing cost, raw materials, labor andoverhead. We did not have any inward or outward freight charges as these charges are borne by our distributors and suppliers.Gross profit and gross margin. For the periods covered by this section, our gross profit is equal to the difference between our net sales and cost of sales. Our grossmargin is equal to the gross profit divided by net sales. Our gross margin may not be comparable to those of other retail entities since some retail entities include allof their distribution network costs in cost of sales and others, like us, include these expenses in another statement of operations line item.Administrative expenses. For the periods covered by this section, general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to ourgeneral management, finance and administrative staff, professional advisor fees, audit fees and other expenses incurred in connection with general operations.Selling expenses. For the periods covered by this section, our selling and marketing expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to our sales andmarketing staff, store rent, business travel, coordination with distributor marketing and promotions, transportation costs and other sales related costs.Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, both in U.S. dollars and as apercentage of or revenue.Year endedDecember 31, 2018Year ended December 31, 2017Year ended December 31, 2016Amount% of SalesAmount% of SalesAmount% of SalesRevenue18,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales20,851,252112%35,274,352148%39,041,93295%Gross (loss)/profit2,316,13712%11,511,81648%2,158,2725%Operating expensesDistribution and selling expenses2,670,95514%3,265,38014%3,606,0109%Administrative expenses4,907,02026%4,879,39721%3,543,9939%Total operating expenses7,577,97541%8,144,77634%7,150,00317%Other income122,1391%461,5642%555,0511%Other gains and losses13,522,30073%122,2441%11,123,76727%Loss from operations23,294,273126%19,317,27281%15,560,44738%Finance costs96,4441%96,3850%71,7830%Change in fair value of warrant liabilities00%00%3,4090%Loss before tax23,390,717126%19,413,65782%15,628,82138%Income tax5,422,11929%4,598,06119%3,726,1339%Loss for the year17,968,59897%14,815,59662%11,902,68829%46Table of ContentsA breakdown of revenue, percentage of revenue and percentage of gross margin by segment for the respective periods is as follows:BybusinessDistribution networkCorporate storesOEMConsolidatedYear endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Sales toexternalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205% of Sales73%63%78%13%29%13%14%7%9%100%100%100%Segmentsgrossmargins2,245,9442,277,8586,623,6175,402,99414,291,6805,727,349845,700502,0071,262,0052,316,13611,511,8162,158,273Grossmarginrate17%15%21%227%205%104%33%29%36%12%48%5%Segment salesFor the year ended December 31, 2018, total revenue decreased by 22% from $23.8 million in 2017 to $18.5 million. Our total revenue of 2017 decreased by 33% from$41.2 million to $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company reports financial and operating results in three segments: distributor network,corporate stores and OEM.Distributor Network —Revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2018 decreased by 10% from $15 million in 2017 to $13 million primarily due to adecrease in sales volume. There was a decrease of revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2017 by 53% from $32.1 million in year 2016 primarily dueto a decrease in sales volume. The distributor segment accounted for 73% of the total revenue in 2018, compared to 63% and 78% during years 2017 and 2016,respectively.In year 2018, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network increased to 17% from 15% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price of newproducts. The sales went down in year 2018 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstockduring previous periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.47Table of ContentsIn year 2017, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network decreased to 15% from 21% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price, and thesales went down in year 2017 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstock duringprevious periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.The Company’s distributor network currently consists of 11 distributors in 12 provinces. Most of these distributors, either directly or through their subdistributors,operate KBSbranded stores. Some wholesale distributors sold the products to multibranded stores and online stores. As of December 31, 2018, distributorsoperated a total of 32 KBSbranded stores, primarily in second and third tier cities. KBS products distributed to the fourth and fifth tier cities are primarily sold inmultibranded department stores.Corporate Stores — Total revenue from corporate store sale for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $6.98 million for year 2017. In 2018 sales fromcorporate store decreased as compared to 2017 due to a decrease in promotion sales of repurchased inventory from certain distributors which are unable to pay offthe debts owed to us.Total revenue from corporate store sales for fiscal year 2017 was $6.98 million, compared to $5.53 million for year 2016. In 2017 sales from corporate stores increasedas compared to 2016 due to an increase in sales volume, which in turn was mainly attributable to the increase in promotion sales on repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors which are unable to pay off the debts owed to us.As of December 31, 2018, we operated 1 corporate store which located in Fujian. Total revenue from corporate store sales of 2018 decreased as compared to 2017because of the decrease the promotion sales of repurchased inventory.The corporate store segment contributed 14% of total revenue in 2018, compared to 29% of 2017 and 13% of 2016. Gross profit margin for the Company’s corporatestore was 232% in 2018, compared to 205% in 2017 and 104% in 2016. The margin compression from 2016 to 2018 is primarily due to: 1) close of 1 corporate store in2016 and the sale of its inventory at a lower price; 2) reduction of sale price of our goods in corporate stores to stimulate sales; 3) loss from sales of repurchasedinventory from certain distributors which sold at big discounted price in year 2017 and year 2018.OEM — The OEM segment is comprised of products that are designed by the customers but manufactured by us. Revenue from the OEM segment increased by$0.83 million to $2.57 million for year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017. Gross profit margin increased to 33%from 29% of year 2017. Revenue from the OEM segment decreased by $1.79 million to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $3.53 million foryear ended December 31, 2016. Gross profit margin decreased to 29% from 36% of year 2016. Our revenues from sales of OEM represented 14%, 9% and 9%,respectively of our total revenues for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.Cost of sales and gross profit rateCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for production purpose,outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges and water and electricity.Our cost of sales decreased from $35 million in year 2017 to $21 million in year 2018. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017.The gross profit rate increased from 48% in year 2017 to 12% in year 2018 due to 1) a decrease in the number of promotion sales in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, whichcaused a loss at RMB 40 million; 2) the higher price of updated new products and improvement of products quality; 3) higher profit margin of OEM segments due tolower amortized fixed fees from big orders from certain customers. In order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continuedoperation, we decided to continue to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors in 2018 and thereafter.48Table of ContentsOur cost of sales decreased from $39 million in year 2016 to $35 million in year 2017. The decrease was consistent with the decrease in our revenue, which resulted ina decrease in purchases by $7 million. The decrease in purchases was mainly due to a challenging retail environment and close of some stores.The gross profit rate decreased from 5% in year 2016 to 48% in year 2017 due to 1) a decrease in the number of our franchised stores from 55 as of December 31,2016 to 40 as of December 31, 2017; 2) in order to make more fair and friendly business environment for our all distributors, we adjusted our price policy to havesame price to our district distributors and province distributors in 2017, the price sell to the district distributor is lower than before. 3) a slowdown in demand inmenswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and our distributors faceddifficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 141.42 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million. Although we are not contractually obligated to buy back the excessiveinventory from any our distributors, in order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continued operation, we decided to do same in2017 to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors and we may implement similar plans in the following years.Administrative expensesAdministrative expenses increased by $0.02 million or 1% to $4.9 million for year 2018 from $4.88 million for 2017. The change was mainly due to the decrease ofoutsourcing design expense and the increase of the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Administrative expenses increased by $1.34 million or 37% to $4.88 million for year 2017 from $3.54 million for 2016. The increase was mainly due to the increase indesign staff expenses and the increase attributable to the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Distribution and selling expensesThe selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.59 million or 18% to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $ 3.2 million in 2017, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expense, products promotion expenses and entertainment expenses.The selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.34 million or 9.45% to $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $ 3.6 million in 2016, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expenses and promotion expense of products including placement order meeting expense.The advertisement expenses of 2018, 2017 and 2016 are relatively even and selling expenses accounted for 6.6%, 7.5% and 9% for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Other gains and lossesOther gains and losses increased by $13.4 million, or 10,875%, to $13.52 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $0.12 million for year 2017. The increasewas mainly due to the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value.Other gains and losses decreased by $11 million, or 98.9%, to $0.12 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $11.1 million for year 2016. The decrease wasmainly due to the fact that there was no additional provision on bad debts from three clients as in 2016.Profit for the yearWe had a loss of $18 million in 2018 as compared to a loss of $14.81 million for 2017, representing a decrease of profit of $3 million or 21%. Net margin was 97% forthe year ended December 31, 2018, compared to 62% for the year ended December 31, 2017.49Table of ContentsWe had a loss of $14.81 million in 2017 as compared to a loss of $11.9 million for 2016, representing a decrease of profit of $2.91 million or 25%. Net margin was 62%for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 29% for the year ended December 31, 2016.Profit for the year decreased from 2018 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons:(1)the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value (2) thedistribution and selling expenses decreased to a small portion of total revenue and the revenue also decreased compared to year ended December 31, 2017; (3) aslowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brands, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling products and paying back the balance owed to us. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 40 million.Profit for the year decreased from 2016 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons: (1) the administrative expenses increased to a large portion of total revenue; and(2) slowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 141.42 millionfrom certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million.B.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesAs of December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $21,026,103. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and cash in the banks. Webelieve that our current levels of cash and cash equivalent and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next12 months. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through net cash flow from operations. Our cash flows are driven by key performance indicatorsincluding the number of orders placed by distributors, number of outlets that each distributor operates the pricing of our products, sales of our corporate stores, andthe collect portion of account receivable. Currently there is only minimal cash held by offshore subsidiaries and there is no need for these subsidiaries to transfercash to Hongri PRC.The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this report:Fiscal Year Ended December 31201820172016Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(3,703,354)$1,922,252$3,194,287Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities52,932(865,365)45,445Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(3,907,291)(39,024)4,919,241Effects of exchange rate change in cash(1,117,062)1,513,138(1,556,980)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080Cash and cash equivalent at end of the period$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,34150Table of ContentsOperating ActivitiesThe net cash provided by operating activities consists of profit before tax, as adjusted by finance costs, change in fair value of warrant liabilities, interest income,shared based compensation, bad debt allowance, depreciation of property, plant and equipment, amortization of prepaid lease payment and trademark, amortizationof subsidies prepaid to distributors, amortization of prepayment and premiums under operating leases, provision(Reversal) of inventory obsolescence, provision ofimpairment loss in prepayments, loss(gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment, deferred income tax, which include trade and other receivables, prepaymentand deferred expenses, inventory, trade and other payables.Net cash used in operating activities in fiscal year 2018 was $3.7 million, compared with net cash provided by operating activities of $1.9 million in the year endedDecember 31, 2017. The change is mainly due to the increase of provision of Anhui property and the increase of deferred tax due to the loss of fiscal year 2018.Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.9 million, compared with $3.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2016. The change is mainlydue to the decrease in the amount of collection of account receivable.Investing ActivitiesNet cash provided by investing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.05 million, compared with $0.8 million net cash used in investing activities in 2017. The net cashprovided in investing activities in 2018 was interest received from our bank deposits.Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $0.8 million, compared with $0.04 million net cash provided by investing activities in 2016. The net cashused in investing activities in 2017 was to purchase fire protection facility.Financing ActivitiesNet cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.26 million, compared with $1.1 million net cash used in financing activities in 2017. It mainly consistedof repayment of bank loans in 2018.Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.1 million, compared with $1.68 million net cash provided by financing activities in 2016. It mainlyconsisted of interests paid for our bank loans.Loans, Other Commitments, ContingenciesAs of December 31, 2018, we had bank loans in an amount of $1,092,785. We may, however, in the future, require additional cash resources due to changing businessconditions, implementation of our strategy to expand our business or other investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our own financial resources areinsufficient to satisfy the capital requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain additional credit facilities. The sale of additionalequity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require usto agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overallbusiness prospects.C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.Our industry is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and changing customer demands. These conditions require continuousexpenditures on product research and development to enhance existing products create new products and avoid product obsolescence. See Item 3 “Key Information—D. Risk Factors—If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected,” —“Ifwe are unable to keep pace with the rapid technological changes in our industry, demand for our products and services could decline which would adversely affectour revenue,” and —“Our technology may become obsolete which could materially adversely affect our ability to sell our products and services.” For a detailedanalysis of research and development costs, see Item 5.A. “Operating Results—Results of Operations—Research and development expenses”.D.Trend InformationOther than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that wouldcause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.E.Off Balance Sheet ArrangementsWe do not have any off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes infinancial condition, sales or expenses, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures, or capital resources that are material to an investment in our securities.51Table of ContentsF.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual ObligationsThe table below shows our material contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018.Payments Due by PeriodLess than1 year13 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsContractual ObligationsConstruction Obligations$64,088,236Operating Lease Obligations$78,532146,7052,225,030Total$64,166,768146,7052,225,030Anhui Factory Construction ContractOn November 20, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party for the construction of a new plant with a total size of 110,557 square meters, atTaihu City, Anhui at a consideration of RMB 690 million (equivalent to approximately $104 million). This is the frame contract for the construction of Anhui factoryand round estimation. By December 31, 2016 we had already paid about $37.75 million in total on the phase 1, 2, 3 of construction based on detailed phase contractand the balance of construction cost of the Anui factory need to be determined based on the ontime budget on every phase. The majority of funds for constructionexpenses came from the cash balance on the account as of December 31, 2018 and the new profit of following year.Anhui Land Use Right Acquisition ContractOn September 2, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party to acquire a land use right in relation to the development of factories in Taihu City,Anhui Province, at a total consideration of RMB 43 million (approximately $6.3 million). Full consideration was paid in September 2010. There are three parts of theland. The Company has obtained land use rights certificates for the first parcel of land with 7,405 square meters on March 19, 2012, and the second parcel of landwith 2,440 square meters on May 26, 2012. The Company is currently in the process of obtaining the land use right certificate for the third parcel of the land with100,712 square meters.Except as set forth above, we have no other material longterm debt, capital or operating lease or fixed purchase obligations.InflationInflation and changing prices have not had a material effect on our business, and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect ourbusiness in the foreseeable future. However, our management will closely monitor price changes in the Chinese economy and the apparel industry and continuallymaintain effective cost controls in operations.52Table of ContentsSeasonalityOur business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal. Historically, we have realized more of our revenue and earnings in the fourth quarter, which includes themajority of the holiday shopping season, than in any other fiscal quarter.Critical Accounting PoliciesThe preparation of financial statements is in conformity with IFRS as issued by the IASB. It requires the Company’s management to make assumptions, estimatesand judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. The Company hasidentified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of Company’s financial statements. These accounting policies are important for anunderstanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of theCompany’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to makeestimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitivebecause of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly frommanagement’s current judgments. The Company believes the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in thepreparation of the Company’s financial statements.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects the considerationto which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled in exchange fortransferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that asignificant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration issubsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to the customerfor more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would be reflected in a separatefinancing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financing component which provides theCompany a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interest expense accreted on the contract liabilityunder the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services is oneyear or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component, using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of the goods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receiptsover the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.53Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with thedividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. Revenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer. Revenue from allabove categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of thetransaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered and title has passed.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting the deductible inputVAT of the period, is VAT payable.54Table of ContentsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial periodof time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use orsale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal government retirementbenefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fund their retirementbenefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal government takes responsibility for theretirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly, the only obligation of the Groupwith respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employment with the Group. There are no provisionsunder the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans are considered defined contribution plans. The Grouphas no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixed contributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pensionschemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service is performed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised inother comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Groupoperates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable taxregulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred taxassets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which thosedeductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or fromthe initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accountingprofit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able to control thereversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising fromdeductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profitsagainst which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.55Table of ContentsThe carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficienttaxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based ontax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assetsreflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carryingamount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when thedeferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities wherethere is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, inwhich case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arisesfrom the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.Store preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll and supplies.The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenses when occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases areclassified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes. Leaseholdimprovements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes other thanconstruction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful lives and aftertaking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction in progressis carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment whencompleted and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for theirintended use.56Table of ContentsAn item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of theasset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) isincluded in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.The Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights to use theland on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizable valuerepresents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fair valuethrough profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model formanaging them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the practicalexpedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus in the case of a financialasset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group hasapplied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance with the policies set out for “Revenue recognition(applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cash flowsthat are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established by regulation orconvention in the marketplace.57Subsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognised inthe income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversals arerecognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair value changes arerecognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive income is recycled to theincome statement.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under HKAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. The classification isdetermined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statement when theright of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and the amount of the dividendcan be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains arerecorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income are not subject to impairmentassessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value throughprofit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for thepurpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading unless they aredesignated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interest are classified and measured atfair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to be classified at amortised cost or at fairvalue through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition ifdoing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.58Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in theincome statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separate derivative if theeconomic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet thedefinition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changesin fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cashflows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between thecontractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the originaleffective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to thecontractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are providedfor credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been asignificant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespectiveof the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. When making theassessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on thefinancial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort,including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider afinancial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full beforetaking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering thecontractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the general approach andthey are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach as detailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured at anamount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets and for whichthe loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the loss allowance ismeasured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs59Simplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of asignificant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not track changes incredit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on itshistorical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt the simplifiedapproach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed from theGroup’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to what extent, ithas retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset nortransferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Groupalso recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that theGroup has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and the maximumamount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’sfinancial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.Subsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method unless theeffect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement when the liabilities arederecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.60Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantiallymodified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference between therespective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right tooffset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to the contractualprovisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financialassets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.The Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. Theeffective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of theeffective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, where appropriate, a shorter period tothe net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.61Table of ContentsReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including trade and otherreceivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment (seeaccounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a resultof one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have been affected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequently assessed forimpairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience of collecting payments,and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national or local economic conditions thatcorrelate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between the asset’scarrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.The carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables, where thecarrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized in profit or loss. When atrade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off arecredited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment losseswas recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset at the date theimpairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.G.Safe HarborSee “Introductory Notes—ForwardLooking Information.”62Table of ContentsITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEESA.Directors and Senior ManagementThe following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors and senior management, as well as employees upon whose work we are dependent, as ofthe date of this annual report.NAMEAGEPOSITIONKeyan Yan47Chairman and Chief Executive OfficerThemis Kalapotharakos44Executive DirectorLixiaTu37Chief Financial Officer and DirectorJohn Sano49Independent DirectorMatthew C. Los54Independent DirectorZhongmin Zhang76Independent DirectorYuet Mei Chan38Independent DirectorMr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has been the Chairman of our board of directors and Chief Executive Officer since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr.Yan has over 16 years of senior management experience. He served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of KBS International between March 2011 and August2014. From 1994 to present, Mr. Yan has served as general manager of Hongri PRC. Prior to joining us, Mr. Yan served as workshop manager, production managerand marketing manager of Zhenshi Knitting Factory in Shishi, China from 19891994. Mr. Yan obtained a certificate of corporate management from Xiamen Universityin 1992.Ms. Lixia Tu. Ms. Tu became the Company’s Chief Financial Officer on June 25, 2015. Ms. Tu has more than night years of accounting and audit experience, familiarwith IFRS, US GAAP, SarbanesOxley and the compliance requirements of SEC. After she worked as a project manager at BDO China Fu Jian SHU LUN PANCertified Public Accountants for four years, she worked as a CFO or a financial consultant for some other companies. Ms. Tu holds a Master’s degree inprofessional accounting from the University of Deakin in Australia. Ms. Tu is also a member of the Chartered Association of Certified Accountants.Mr. Themis Kalapotharakos. Mr. Kalapotharakos became our executive director on June 15, 2015. Mr. Kalapotharakos has acquired a range of expertise of a widespectrum of business activities. He has extensive highlevel experience at the Shipping, Trading and Finance industries where he has founded, developed andoperated various businesses starting from the ground up. His roles involved regular communication and coordination with investors, financial institutions, capitalmarket authorities, custodian and administrative banks, auditors and legal counsel. He holds a Bachelor’s degree from Cardiff University and an MSc Degree fromCass Business School in the UK.John Sano. Mr. Sano has been an independent director of the Company since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr. Sano has over 20 years ofexperience in apparel & home furnishings concept, design, sourcing, production, and ecommerce. He has extensive experience in all aspects of the retail clothingsupply chain, from conceptualization to final production and distribution. Mr. Sano has also advised and worked closely with numerous top brands in the US. Hehas been General Director of Sano Design Services since 2002. Mr. Sano has an associate’s degree in interior design from Traphagen School of Design.Mr. Matthew C. Los. Mr. Los became our director on October 8, 2015. Mr. Los has acquired a range of expertise of a wide spectrum of business activities. He hasover 20 years’ experience at high level management, and has founded, developed and operated various businesses in the shipping, energy, telecommunications realestate industries starting from the ground up. He also has experience in the capital markets and was the CEO of Aquasition Corp., the predecessor of the Company,prior to the Share Exchange. Mr. Los has a BSc in Mechanical Engineering and Computer Aided Design from University of Westminster in the UK.Mr. Zhongmin Zhang. Mr. Zhang became our director on July 10, 2017. He has over 45 years of extensive experience in many facets of textile business, including inproduction, marketing, and management. Currently, Mr. Zhang is the president of Zhengzhou Guangda Textile Printing & Dyeing Co., Ltd. which has an annualproduction of 216 million meters of various textile products, with a value of RMB 800 million. Holding a title of Senior Engineer, Mr. Zhang graduated from HarbinInstitute of Technology in 1965. He also has certificates in finance management and civil law.Mr. Yuet Mei Chan. Ms. Chan became our director on July 10, 2017. She has over 15 years of experience in the banking industry. She held several senior positions ina prestigious bank in Hong Kong from 20012016. She is currently a financial consultant at AIA and specializes in analyzing financial situations and market trends.Ms. Chan holds a diploma in Computing and Business Studies from Hong Kong St. Perth College.No family relationship exists between any of the persons named above.63Table of ContentsB.CompensationIn 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $207,268 in cash as compensation to our directors and senior management as a group, and some of our directors andexecutive officers also received compensation in the form of annual salaries and bonuses. We do not set aside or accrue any amounts for pension, retirement orother benefits for our directors and senior management. However, we reimburse our directors for outofpocket expenses incurred in connection with their services insuch capacity.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to our executive officers and directors as compensations for theirservices. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to the Company’s executiveofficers, directors and certain employees as compensations for their service. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.2018 Equity Incentive PlanOn December 24, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2018 Plan, pursuant to which the Company may offerup to two million shares of common stock as equity incentives to its directors, employees and consultants. Such number of shares is subject to adjustment in theevent of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, stock splits, stock dividends, or other change in the corporate structure of the Companyaffecting the shares issuable under the 2018 Plan. As of December 31, 2018, we have not granted any equity awards under the 2018 Plan.The following paragraphs summarize the terms of our 2018 Plan:Purpose. The purposes of the 2018 Plan are to promote the longterm growth and profitability of the Company and its affiliates by stimulating the efforts ofemployees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates who are selected to be participants, aligning the longterm interests of participants with thoseof shareholders, heightening the desire of participants to continue in working toward and contributing to our success, attracting and retaining the best availablepersonnel for positions of substantial responsibility, and generally providing additional incentive for them to promote the success of our business through the grantof awards of or pertaining to our common stock. The 2018 Plan permits the grant of ISOs, NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share AppreciationRights, Performance Units and Performance Shares as the administrator of the 2018 Plan may determine.Administration. The 2018 Plan is administered by our Board. The administrator has the authority to determine the specific terms and conditions of all awards grantedunder the 2018 Plan, including, without limitation, the number of shares of common stock subject to each award, the price to be paid for the shares and the applicablevesting criteria. The administrator has discretion to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2018 Plan.Eligibility. NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share Appreciation Rights, Performance Units and Performance Shares may be granted to employees,directors or consultants either alone or in combination with any other awards. ISOs may be granted only to employees of the Company, and of any parent orsubsidiary.Shares Available for Issuance Under the 2018 Plan. Subject to adjustment as described below, (a) the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issuedunder the 2018 Plan is 2,000,000 shares of common stock, (b) to the extent consistent with Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the“Code”), not more than an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of common stock may be issued under ISOs, and (c) not more than 200,000 shares of common stock (or forawards denominated in cash, the Fair Market Value of 200,000 shares of common stock on the Grant Date, as defined in the 2018 Plan), may be awarded to anyindividual participant in the aggregate in any one fiscal year of the Company, such limitation to be applied in a manner consistent with the requirements of, and onlyto the extent required for compliance with, the exclusion from the limitation on deductibility of compensation under Code Section 162(m). The number and class ofshares available under the 2018 Plan are subject to adjustment in the event of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, share splits, sharedividends, or other similar events which change the number or kind of shares outstanding.64Table of ContentsTransferability. Unless otherwise provided in the 2018 Plan or otherwise determined by the administrator, an award may not be sold, pledged, assigned,hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution and may be exercised, during the lifetime of theparticipant, only by the participant. However, the administrator may, at or after the grant of an award other than an ISO, provide that such award may be transferredby the recipient to a “family member” (as defined in the 2018 Plan); provided, however, that any such transfer is without payment of any consideration whatsoeverand that no transfer shall be valid unless first approved by the administrator, acting in its sole discretion, and as required by our Amended and Restated Articles ofIncorporation. If the administrator makes an award transferable, such award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the administrator deemsappropriate.Termination of, or Amendments to, the 2018 Plan. The Board may at any time amend, alter, suspend or terminate the 2018 Plan, provided that the Company willobtain shareholder approval of any 2018 Plan amendment to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with applicable Laws. No amendment, alteration,suspension or termination of the 2018 Plan will impair the rights of any participant, unless mutually agreed otherwise between the participant and the administrator,which agreement must be in writing and signed by the participant and the Company. Termination of the 2018 Plan will not affect the administrator’s ability to exercisethe powers granted to it hereunder with respect to awards granted prior to the date of such termination.The 2018 Plan will terminate five years following the date it was adopted by the Board, unless sooner terminated by the Board.Employment AgreementsPlease refer to Item 10 “Additional Information—C. Material Contracts.”C.Board PracticesOur board of directors currently consists of seven members, Keyan Yan, Lixia Tu, John Sano, Themis Kalapotharakos, Matthew C. Los, Yuet Mei Chan andZhongmin Zhang.The Board has established the Audit Committee, which is comprised entirely of independent directors. From time to time, the Board may establish other committees.Audit CommitteeOur Audit Committee is currently composed of three members: Yuet Mei Chan, John Sano and Matthew C. Los. Our Board of Directors determined that each memberof the Audit Committee meets the independence criteria prescribed by applicable regulation and the rules of the SEC for audit committee membership. Each AuditCommittee member also meets NASDAQ’s financial literacy requirements. Matthew C. Los serves as Chair of the Audit Committee.Our Board of Directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is the “audit committee financial expert” as such term is defined in Item 407(d) of Regulation SKpromulgated by the SEC and also meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements.The Audit Committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our Company. The Audit Committee isresponsible for, among other things:●the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the independent auditor;●reviewing and preapproving all auditing services and permissible nonaudit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed by theindependent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed relatedparty transactions;●discussing the interim and annual financial statements with management and our independent auditors;●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor (a) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls, (b) theCompany’s internal audit procedures, and (c) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, and managementreports thereon;65Table of Contents●reviewing reported violations of the Company’s code of conduct and business ethics; and●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor various topics and events that may have significant financial impact on theCompany or that are the subject of discussions between management and the independent auditors.D.EmployeesAs of December 31, 2018, we employed 370 fulltime employees. The following table sets forth the number of our fulltime employees by function. FunctionNumber ofEmployeesManagement and Administration28Marketing, Sales and Distribution18Design and Product Development20Production281Procurement, Warehousing and Logistics19Quality and Assurance7TOTAL370We believe that we have maintained a satisfactory working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any significant labor disputes or anydifficulty in recruiting staff for company’s operations. None of company’s employees is represented by a labor union.Our employees in China participate in a state pension plan organized by Chinese municipal and provincial governments. The company is required to make monthlycontributions to the plan for each employee at the rate of 23% of his or her average assessable salary. In addition, the company is required by Chinese law to coveremployees in China with various types of social insurance. The company believes that it is in material compliance with the relevant PRC laws.E.Share OwnershipThe following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of each class of our voting securities as of April 26, 2019 (i) by each person who is knownby us to beneficially own more than 5% of our voting securities; (ii) by each of our officers and directors; and (iii) by all of our officers and directors as a group.NameOffice, If AnyTitle of ClassAmount andNature ofBeneficialOwnership(1)Percent ofClass(2)Officers and DirectorsKeyan Yan(3)Chairman, CEO and PresidentCommon Stock964,32037.21%Lixia TuChief Financial Officer and DirectorCommon Stock60,0002.32%Themis KalapotharakosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%John SanoDirectorCommon Stock5,0000.19%Matthew C. LosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%Zhongmin ZhangDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%Yuet Mei ChanDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%All officers and directors as a group (7 personsnamed above)1,129,32043.58%5% Security HoldersKeyan Yan (3)Common Stock964,32037.21%Alliance Investment Management Limited(4)Common Stock195,488(4)7.54%*Less than 1%(1)Beneficial Ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Eachof the beneficial owners listed above has direct ownership of and sole voting power and investment power with respect to our common stock.66Table of Contents(2)As of April 26, 2019, a total of 2,591,299 shares of commons stock are considered to be outstanding pursuant to SEC Rule 13d3(d)(1). For each Beneficial Ownerabove, any securities that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days have been included in the denominator.(3)Includes 20,000 shares of common stock owned by Bizhen Chen, Mr. Yan’s wife.(4)Based solely on Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on August 8, 2018, in which Alliance Investment Management reported it has sole voting and dispositivepower with respect to 195,488 shares of our common stock. The address of the reporting person is 7 Belmont Road, Kingston, Jamaica.None of our existing shareholders has voting rights that differ from the voting rights of other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at asubsequent date, result in our change in control.ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSA.Major ShareholdersPlease refer to Item 6 “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.”B.Related Party TransactionsFrom time to time, KBS and its subsidiaries borrowed money from our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Keyan Yan, to pay for Company expenses. Theseamounts are interestfree, unsecured and repayable on demand. In years 2017 and 2016, Mr. Yan paid all the Company expenses in connection with the Company’sNasdaq continued listing and SEC reporting out of his pocket. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of these amounts we borrowed from Mr. Yan was$485,302 and $35,483, respectively.C.Interests of Experts and CounselNot applicable.ITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATIONA.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial InformationFinancial StatementsWe have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this report. See Item 18 “Financial Statements.”Legal Proceedings We may be subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our business from time to time. We are currently not party to anylegal or arbitration proceedings, including those relating to bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings and those involving any third party, which may have, orhave had in the recent past, significant effects on our financial position or profitability.Dividend PolicyTo date, we have not paid any cash dividends on our shares. As a Marshall Islands company, we may only declare and pay dividends except when the corporationis insolvent or would thereby be made insolvent or when the declaration or payment would be contrary to any restrictions contained in our Articles ofIncorporation. Dividends may be declared and paid out of surplus only; but in case there is no surplus, dividends may be declared or paid out of the net profits forthe fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and for the preceding fiscal year. We currently anticipate that we will retain any available funds to finance thegrowth and operation of our business and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our cash held in foreign countriesmay be subject to certain control limitations or repatriation requirements, limiting our ability to use this cash to pay dividends.67Table of ContentsB.Significant ChangesNo significant change has occurred since the date of our consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTINGA.Offer and Listing DetailsOur common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market and trade under the symbol “KBSF.” Between January 23, 2013 and November 3, 2014, our commonstock was traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “AQU.” Our Warrants and Units are quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “KBSFW”and “KBSFU”, respectively. Prior to November 3, 2014, our Warrants and Units were quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “AQUUF” and “AQUUU”,respectively. Before their quotation on the OTC Markets, our Units commenced to trade on the Nasdaq Stock Market on October 26, 2012 and our Warrantscommenced to trade separately from its Units on January 23, 2013.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.Approximate Number of Holders of Our SecuritiesOn April 26, 2019, there was 1 holder of record of our Units, 359 shareholders of record of our common stock and 1 holder of record of our Warrants. Certain of oursecurities are held in nominee or street name so the actual number of beneficial owners of our securities is greater than the number of record holders set forth above.B.Plan of DistributionNot applicable.C.MarketsSee our disclosures above under “A. Offer and Listing Details.”D.Selling ShareholdersNot applicable. E.DilutionNot applicable.F.Expenses of the IssueNot applicable.68Table of ContentsITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONA.Share CapitalOur Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation authorize the Company to issue up to 155,000,000 shares with a par value of $0.0001, consisting of 150,000,000shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of date of this report, there are 2,591,299 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Wehave never issued any preferred stock.●As of date of this report, we have 717 IPO Units outstanding.●As of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding (including 369,302 IPO Warrants and 24,534 Placement Warrants), each warrant entitles theholder to purchase one share of common stock at a purchase price of $172.5.B.Memorandum and Articles of AssociationThe following represents a summary of certain key provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. The summary does not purport to be a summary of allof the provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. For more complete information you should read our amended and restated articles ofincorporation and bylaws, each listed as an exhibit to this report.We were incorporated in the Marshall Islands on January 26, 2012 under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BCA”). The purpose of the Company isto engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may now or hereafter be organized under the BCA. Our amended and restated articles of incorporationand bylaws do not impose any limitations on the ownership rights of our stockholders.Description of Common StockEach outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Upon our dissolution, liquidation orwinding up of the affairs of the Company, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidationpreferences, if any, the holders or our common stock will be entitled to receive pro rata our remaining assets available for distribution. Holders of common stock donot have conversion, redemption or preemptive rights to subscribe to any of our securities.Blank Check Preferred Stock.Our Board of Directors is authorized, without any further vote or action by our stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in different classesand series and, with respect to each class or series, to determine the designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights,conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the powers and rights associated with the common stock,at such times and on such other terms as they think proper. Our Board of Directors may issue shares of preferred stock on terms calculated to discourage, delay orprevent a change of control of our company or the removal of our management.WarrantsAs of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding, among which 369,302 warrants were issued to the public in our IPO (the “IPO Warrants”). Each ofthe IPO Warrants entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.5 expiring on July 31, 2019, provided that there is an effectiveregistration statement covering the shares of common stock underlying the IPO Warrants.69Table of ContentsThe Company may redeem the IPO Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon 30 days’ notice, after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, only inthe event that the last sale price of the shares of common stock is at least $17.50 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30trading day period (“30Day TradingPeriod”) ending three business days prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is a current registration statement in effect with respectto the shares of common stock underlying such IPO Warrants throughout the 30day redemption period. The Company is only required to use its best efforts tomaintain the effectiveness of the registration statement covering the underlying common stock of the IPO Warrants. There are no contractual penalties for failure todeliver securities if a registration statement is not effective at the time of exercise. Additionally, in the event that a registration statement is not effective at the time ofexercise, the holder of such warrant shall not be entitled to exercise such warrant for cash and in no event (whether in the case of a registration statement not beingeffective or otherwise) will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrant exercise.In addition, Aqua Investments Corp., an entity controlled by certain founding shareholders of the Company, acquired 24,534 warrants, each entitles the holder topurchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50, expiring on July 31, 2019 (the “Placement Warrants”). The Placement Warrants are identical to the IPOWarrants except that the Placement Warrants (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis; (ii) will not be redeemable by the Company and (ii) may beexercised even if there is not an effective registration statement relating to the shares underlying the warrants, so long as they are held by the initial purchaser orany of its permitted transferees.As of date of this report, we also have 717 IPO Units outstanding and publicly trading, each including one IPO Warrant and one share of our common stock.DirectorsThe business and affairs of the Company are managed by or under the direction of our Board of Directors.Our directors are elected by the holders of the shares representing a majority of the total voting power of the thenoutstanding capital stock of the Company entitledto vote generally in the election of directors (“Voting Stock”). Our amended and restated articles of incorporation provide that cumulative voting shall not be used toelect directors. Each director will be elected to serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his/her successor shall have been duly elected andqualified, except in the event of his/her death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of his/her term of office.Any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of thetotal voting power of the Voting Stock entitled to vote thereon or with cause by directors constituting at least twothirds of the entire Board.Vacancies in the Board of Directors occurring by death, resignation, the creation of new directorships, the failure of the shareholders to elect the whole board at anyannual election of directors, or, except as herein provided, for any other reason, including removal of directors for cause, may be filled either by the affirmative voteof a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, at any special meeting called for that purpose or at any regular meeting of theBoard. Vacancies occurring by removal of directors without cause may be filled only by vote of the shareholders.Shareholder MeetingsAnnual stockholder meetings will be held at a time and place selected by our board of directors. The meetings may be held in or outside of the Marshall Islands.Under our amended and restated articles of incorporation, special meetings may be called by the board of directors, or by the secretary of the Company requestedby stockholders representing certain amount of voting power. Our board of directors shall give not less than 15 days and not more than 60 days prior written noticeof a shareholders’ meeting to each shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat and to each shareholder of record who, by reason of any action proposed at suchmeeting would be entitled to have his/her shares appraised if such action were taken, and the notice shall include a statement of that purpose and to that effect.Our bylaws provide that a meeting of shareholders is duly constituted if, at the commencement of the meeting, there are shareholders present in person or by proxyrepresenting not less than a majority of the votes of the shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on resolutions of shareholders to be considered at themeeting.70Table of ContentsIf a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of stock represented at the meeting will be the act of the shareholders. At any meeting ofshareholders, each shareholder entitled to vote any shares on any manner to be voted upon at such meeting shall be entitled to one vote on such matter for eachsuch share. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the action so taken, issigned by all the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof.Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal and Payment.Under the BCA, our stockholders have the right to dissent from various corporate actions, including any merger or sale of all or substantially all of our assets notmade in the usual course of our business, and receive payment of the fair value of their shares. However, the right of a dissenting stockholder to receive payment ofthe fair value of his or her shares shall not be available for any shares of stock of the constituent corporation surviving a merger if the merger did not require for itsapproval the vote of the stockholders of the surviving corporation. In the event of any further amendment of our articles of incorporation, a stockholder also has theright to dissent and receive payment for his or her shares if the amendment alters certain rights in respect of those shares. The dissenting stockholder must followthe procedures set forth in the BCA to receive payment. In the event that we and any dissenting stockholder fail to agree on a price for the shares, the BCAprocedures involve, among other things, the institution of proceedings in the circuit court in the judicial circuit in the Marshall Islands in which our Marshall Islandsoffice is situated. The value of the shares of the dissenting stockholder is fixed by the court after reference, if the court so elects, to the recommendations of a courtappointed appraiser.Stockholders’ Derivative ActionsUnder the BCA, any of our stockholders may bring an action in our name to procure a judgment in our favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that thestockholder bringing the action is a holder of common stock both at the time the derivative action is commenced and at the time of the transaction to which theaction relates.Indemnification of Officers and DirectorsThe BCA authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors and officers to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages forbreaches of directors’ fiduciary duties. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation include a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors formonetary damages for actions taken as a director to the fullest extent permitted by law. We must indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorizedby law. We are also expressly authorized to advance certain expenses (including attorneys’ fees and disbursements and court costs) to our directors and offices andcarry directors’ and officers’ insurance providing indemnification for our directors, officers and certain employees for some liabilities.The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws may discourage stockholders frombringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigationagainst directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. In addition, your investment may beadversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.C.Material ContractsWe have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in Item 4 “Information on theCompany,” Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations,” Item 7 “Major Shareholders and RelatedParty Transactions,” or filed (or incorporated by reference) as exhibits to this annual report or otherwise described or referenced in this annual report.D.Exchange ControlsMarshall Islands Exchange ControlsUnder Marshall Islands law, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect theremittance of dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our shares.71Table of ContentsBVI Exchange ControlsThere are no material exchange controls restrictions on payment of dividends, interest or other payments to the holders of our common stock or on the conduct ofour operations in the BVI, where we were incorporated. There are no material BVI laws that impose any material exchange controls on us or that affect the paymentof dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our common stock. BVI law and our memorandum and articles of association do not impose anymaterial limitations on the right of nonresidents or foreign owners to hold or vote our common stock.PRC Exchange ControlsRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued bySAFE and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade and service payments, payment ofinterest and dividends can be made without prior approval from SAFE by following the appropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMBinto foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRC for the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments,loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from SAFE or its local office.On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency Management Policy on Direct Investment, effective fromJune 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investmentfrom SAFE. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for the purpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed withqualified banks, which, under the supervision of SAFE, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise, or SAFE Circular 19,was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to SAFE Circular 19, a foreigninvested enterprise may, according to its actualbusiness needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchange bureau has confirmedmonetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the time being, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shall truthfully use itscapital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equity investment with theamount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open a corresponding Account forForeign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming andRegulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or SAFE Circular 16, was promulgated and became effective on June 9,2016. According to SAFE Circular 16, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreign currency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionarybasis. SAFE Circular 16 provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items (including but not limited to foreigncurrency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. SAFE Circular 16 reiterates the principle thatRenminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope andmay not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guarantee the principal within the PRCunless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless it is within the businessscope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Optimizing Genuineness and ComplianceVerification, or SAFE Circular 3, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits from domestic entities tooffshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution, original copies oftax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses before remitting any profits.Moreover, pursuant to SAFE Circular 3, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provide boardresolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.72Table of ContentsRegulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsSAFE issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special PurposeVehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issues Concerning theRegulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles, to regulateforeign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investment and financing orconduct round trip investment in China. SAFE Circular 37 defines a SPV as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly or indirectly, by PRC residents orentities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets or interests, while “round tripinvestment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through SPVs, namely, establishing foreigninvested enterprises to obtain theownership, control rights and management rights. SAFE Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into an SPV, PRC residents or entities be required tocomplete foreign exchange registration with SAFE or its local branch. In addition, SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving theAdministration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended SAFE Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015,requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.PRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to SPVs but had not obtained registration as required before theimplementation of the SAFE Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the SPVs with qualified banks. An amendment to the registration isrequired if there is a material change with respect to the SPV registered, such as any change of basic information (including change of the PRC residents, name andoperation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers or divisions. Failure to comply with the registrationprocedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclose controllers of the foreigninvestedenterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to itsoffshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities to penalties under PRC foreignexchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companiesby PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRCsubsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansSAFE promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan ofOverseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issued by SAFE in March 2007. Pursuant tothe Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residents participating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted companyare required to register with SAFE or its local branches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents mustconduct the SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of theoverseas publicly listed company or another qualified institution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevantSAFE registration should there be any material change to the stock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of thePRC residents who have the right to exercise the employee stock options, apply to SAFE or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreigncurrencies in connection with the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the saleof shares under the stock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRCopened by the PRC agents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.73Table of ContentsWe adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We have advised therecipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice. However, wecannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subjectthe PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016 respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014 respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our BVI holding company may rely on dividend payments from IST,which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on the ability of ourconsolidated VIEs to make remittance to IST and on the ability of IST to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations ofthose entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends andother distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you,and otherwise fund and conduct our business”E.TaxationThe following is a general summary of the material Marshall Islands, Hong Kong, BVI, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to an investmentin our units, shares of common stock and warrants to acquire our shares of common stock, sometimes referred to collectively in this summary as our “securities”.The discussion is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal or tax advice to any particular prospective purchaser. The discussion is based on lawsand relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change or different interpretations, possibly withretroactive effect. The discussion does not address United States state or local tax laws, or tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Marshall Islands, Hong Kong,the BVI, the PRC and the United States. We recommend that you consult your own tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquisition, ownership anddisposition of our securities.Marshall Islands TaxationThe following are the material Marshall Islands tax consequences of our activities to us and to our stockholders and warrant holders of investing in our CommonStock and warrants. Under current Marshall Islands law, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains, and no Marshall Islands withholding tax or income taxwill be imposed upon payments of dividends by us to our stockholders or proceeds from the disposition of our common stock and warrants, provided suchstockholders or warrant holders, as the case may be, are not residents in the Marshall Islands. There is no tax treaty between the United States and the Republic ofthe Marshall Islands.BVI TaxationThe BVI does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid to us by our BVI subsidiary, nor does the BVI levy any capital gains or income taxes on us or our BVIsubsidiary. However, our BVI subsidiary is required to pay the BVI government an annual license fee based on the number of shares it is authorized to issue.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the BVI.74Table of ContentsHong Kong TaxationOur Hong Kong subsidiaries, under the current laws of Hong Kong, are subject to profits tax of 16.5%. No provision for Hong Kong profits tax has been made asour Hong Kong subsidiaries have no taxable income.PRC TaxationWe are a holding company incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which indirectly holds our equity interests in our PRC operating subsidiaries. The EIT Law and itsimplementation rules, both of which became effective as of January 1, 2008, provide that a PRC enterprise is subject to a standard income tax rate of 25% and Chinasourced income of foreign enterprises, such as dividends paid by a PRC subsidiary to its overseas parent, will normally be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of10%, unless there are applicable treaties between the overseas parent’s jurisdiction of incorporation and China to reduce such rate.Under the Arrangement between the Mainland and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention ofFiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, or the Double Taxation Arrangement, effective as of January 1, 2007, such dividend withholding tax rate is reducedto 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns over 25% of the PRC company distributing the dividends. Under the aforesaid arrangement, any dividends that ourPRC operating subsidiaries pay to their Hong Kong holding companies may be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 5% if they are not considered to be a PRC“resident enterprise” as described below. However, if the Hong Kong holdings companies are not considered to be the “beneficial owner” of such dividends underthe Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties promulgated by the State Administration of Taxation on October 27,2009 (and not a PRC “resident enterprise”), such dividends would be subject to the withholding tax rate of 10%. The withholding tax rate of 5% or 10% applicablewill have a significant impact on the amount of dividends to be received by us and ultimately by shareholders.According to the Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties, the term “beneficial owner” refers to a person who hasthe right to own and dispose of the income and the rights or properties generated from the said income. The “beneficial owner” may be an individual, a company orany other organization which is usually engaged in substantial business operations. A conduit company is not a “beneficial owner.” The term “conduit company”refers to a company which is usually established for purposes of dodging or reducing taxes, and transferring or accumulating profits. Such a company is onlyregistered in the country of domicile to satisfy the organizational form as required by law, but it does not engage in such substantial business operations asmanufacturing, distribution and management. As our Hong Kong holding companies are controlling companies and are not engaged in substantial businessoperations, they could be considered as conduit companies by tax authorities and we do not expect them to be a beneficial owner.In addition to the changes to the current tax structure, under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto management bodies” withinChina is considered a resident enterprise and will normally be subject to an EIT of 25% on its global income. The implementing rules define the term “de factomanagement bodies” as “an establishment that exercises, in substance, overall management and control over the production, business, personnel, accounting, etc.,of a Chinese enterprise.”It remains unclear whether the PRC tax authorities would require or permit our overseas registered entities to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. We do notcurrently consider our company to be a PRC resident enterprise. However, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterpriseincome tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on ourworldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on offering proceedsand nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although under the EIT Law and its implementing rulesdividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued guidance with respect to the processing ofoutbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidance issuedwith respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation in which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to our nonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC shareholders from transferring our shares.75Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income TaxationThe following is a discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our securities. It does notpurport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s situation. The discussion applies only toholders that hold their securities as capital assets (generally property held for investment) within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based on the Code, income tax regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial positions, published positions of theInternal Revenue Service, or the IRS, and other applicable authorities, all as in effect as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly withretroactive effect. This discussion is general in nature and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations, nor does the discussion address any state, local orforeign tax considerations or any U.S. tax considerations (e.g., estate or gift tax) other than U.S. federal income tax considerations, that may be applicable toparticular holders.This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant in light of particular circumstances, nor does it address the U.S.federal income tax consequences to persons who are subject to special rules under U.S. federal income tax law, including:●banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions;●persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;●taxexempt organizations;●controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid United States federal incometax;●certain former citizens or longterm residents of the United States;●dealers in securities or currencies;●traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting for their securities holdings;●persons that own, or are deemed to own, more than five percent of our capital stock;●holders who acquired our stock as compensation or pursuant to the exercise of a stock option; or●persons who hold our shares as a position in a hedging transaction, “straddle,” or other risk reduction transaction.For purposes of this discussion, a U.S. holder is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (ii) acorporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States (or treated assuch under applicable U.S. tax laws), any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardlessof its source; or (iv) a trust if (a) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have theauthority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) it has a valid election in effect under applicable law and regulations to be treated as a U.S. person forU.S. federal income tax purposes. A nonU.S. holder is a holder that is neither a U.S. holder nor a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S.federal income tax purposes.In the case of a partnership or entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally willdepend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal incometax consequences to them of the merger or of the ownership and disposition of our shares.As a result of consummation of the Share Exchange, (i) we acquired substantially all the properties of KBS International, a U.S. corporation, and (ii) the formershareholders of KBS International held at least 80 percent of our common stock by reason of having held stock of KBS International. Accordingly, under Section7874 of the Code, we are treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as a U.S. corporation and, among other consequences, are subject to U.S. federal income tax on ourworldwide income. This discussion assumes that Section 7874 of the Code continues to apply to treat us as a U.S. corporation for all purposes under the Code. If,for some reason (e.g., future repeal of Section 7874 of the Code), we were no longer treated as a U.S. corporation under the Code, the U.S. federal income taxconsequences described herein could be materially and adversely affected.76Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. HoldersDistributionsIn the event that distributions are paid on our common stock, the gross amount of such distributions will be included in the gross income of the U.S. holder asdividend income on the date of receipt to the extent that the distribution is paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federalincome tax principles. Such dividends will be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Dividends received by noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, may be subject to reduced rates of taxation under current law. A U.S. holdermay be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed on dividends paid by us. However, the foreign tax credit rules arecomplex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 of the Code and the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and theGovernment of the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, or theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty, is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may be entitled to underthe foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.To the extent that dividends paid on our common stock exceed current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distributions will be treated first as a taxfree returnof tax basis on our common stock, and to the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds tax basis, the excess will be treated as gain from the disposition ofthose common stock. Because Section 7874 of the Code has applied to treat us as a U.S. corporation only since consummation of the Share Exchange in 2014, wemay not be able to demonstrate to the IRS the extent to which a distribution on our common stock exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (asdetermined under U.S. federal income tax principles), in which case all of such distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.Sale or Other DispositionU.S. holders of our common stock will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of common stock equal to the differencebetween the amount realized for the common stock and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the common stock. This gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss. Undercurrent law, noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, are eligible for reduced tax rates if the common stock has been held for more than one year. Thedeductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. A U.S. holder may be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed ongain from the sale or other disposition of common stock. However, the foreign tax credit rules are complex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 ofthe Code and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may beentitled to under the foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Unearned Income Medicare ContributionCertain U.S. holders who are individuals, trusts or estates are required to pay an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on, among other things, dividends on and capitalgains from the sale or other disposition of shares of stock. U.S. holders should consult their own advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this rule on their ownershipand disposition of our common stock.U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for NonU.S. HoldersDistributionsThe rules applicable to nonU.S. holders for determining the extent to which distributions on our common stock, if any, constitute dividends for U.S. federal incometax purposes are the same as for U.S. holders. See “–U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. Holders– Distributions.”77Table of ContentsAny dividends paid to a nonU.S. holder by us are treated as income derived from sources within the United States and generally will be subject to U.S. federalincome tax withholding at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends, or at a lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty if nonU.S. holdersprovide proper certification of eligibility for the lower rate (usually on IRS Form W8BEN or W8BENE). Dividends received by a nonU.S. holder that are effectivelyconnected with such holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business (and, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained bythe nonU.S. holder in the U.S.) are exempt from such withholding tax, provided that applicable certification requirements are satisfied. In such case, however, nonU.S. holders will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such dividends, net of certain deductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. In addition, corporatenonU.S. holders may be subject to an additional branch profits tax equal to 30% or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable tax treaty on dividendsreceived that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.If nonU.S. holders are eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, such nonU.S. holders may obtain a refund ofany excess amounts withheld by filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.Sale or Other DispositionExcept as described below for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, any gain realized by a nonU.S. holder upon the saleor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:criminal liability in serious cases.According to the PRC Product Quality Law, consumers or other victims who suffer injury or property losses due to product defects may demand compensation fromthe manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the corresponding amount from the manufacturer if the manufactureris responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Relating to Consumer ProtectionThe principal legal provisions for the protection of consumer interests are set forth in the Law of the PRC on Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests, or theConsumer Protection Law, which was promulgated in October 1993 amended in October 2013. The Consumer Protection Law sets forth standards of behavior thatbusinesses must observe in their dealings with consumers.Violations of the Consumer Protection Law may result in the imposition of fines. In addition, the violating entity may be ordered to suspend its operations, and itsbusiness license may be revoked. There may also be criminal liability in serious cases.According to the Consumer Protection Law, if the legal rights and interests of a consumer are violated during the purchase or use of goods, the consumer may seekcompensation from the seller. If the manufacturer or an upstream distributor is responsible, after compensating the consumer, the seller may recover thecorresponding amount from the manufacturer or the upstream distributor. Consumers or other persons who suffer personal injury or property damages due todefects in products may seek compensation from the manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the correspondingamount from the manufacturer if the manufacturer is responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Related to TrademarksThe PRC Trademark Law, adopted in 1982 and revised in 2001 and 2013, protects the proprietary rights to registered trademarks. The Trademark Office under theState Administration of Industry and Commerce handles trademark registration and grants a term of ten years to registered trademarks and another ten years totrademarks as requested upon expiry of the prior term. Trademark license agreements and transfer agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record.37Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Environmental MattersOur facilities are subject to various governmental regulations related to environmental protection. We use a myriad of chemicals in our operations and produceemissions that could pose environmental risks. Our manufacturing facilities are subject to various pollution control regulations with respect to noise, water and airpollution and the disposal of waste and hazardous materials, including, China’s Environmental Protection Law, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Appraisingof Environment Impacts, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of AirPollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution, and China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of NoisePollution. We are subject to periodic inspections by local environmental protection authorities.We did not incur material costs in environmental compliance in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016. We believe we are in material compliance with the relevant PRCenvironmental laws and regulations. We are not currently subject to any pending actions alleging any violations of applicable PRC environmental laws.Regulations Related to EmploymentThe PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law require that employers must execute written employment contracts with fulltime employees. All employers mustcompensate their employees with wages equal to at least the local minimum wage standards. Violations of the PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law may resultin the imposition of fines and other administrative sanctions, and serious violations may constitute criminal offences.On December 28, 2012, the PRC Labor Contract Law was amended with effect on July 1, 2013 to impose more stringent requirements on labor dispatch. Under suchlaw, dispatched workers are entitled to pay equal to that of fulltime employees for equal work, but the number of dispatched workers that an employer hires may notexceed a certain percentage of its total number of employees as determined by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Additionally, dispatchedworkers are only permitted to engage in temporary, auxiliary or substitute work. According to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch promulgated by theMinistry of Human Resources and Social Security on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014, the number of dispatched workers hired by anemployer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees (including both directly hired employees and dispatched workers). The Interim Provisions onLabor Dispatch require employers not in compliance with the PRC Labor Contract Law in this regard to reduce the number of its dispatched workers to below 10% ofthe total number of its employees prior to March 1, 2016.Enterprises in China are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in certain employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pensionplan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a workrelated injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund,and contribute to the plans or funds in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of the employees as specified by thelocal government from time to time at locations where they operate their businesses or where they are located. The enterprise may be ordered to pay the full amountwithin a deadline if it fails to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans and may be subject to fines and other administrative sanctions.Regulations Relating to Foreign ExchangeRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued by theState Administration of Foreign Exchange and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade andservice payments, payment of interest and dividends can be made without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange by following theappropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRCfor the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange or its local office.38Table of ContentsOn February 13, 2015, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency ManagementPolicy on Direct Investment, effective from June 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign directinvestment and overseas direct investment from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for thepurpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed with qualified banks, which, under the supervision of the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to this Circular, a foreigninvested enterprise may,according to its actual business needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchangebureau has confirmed monetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the timebeing, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shalltruthfully use its capital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equityinvestment with the amount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open acorresponding Account for Foreign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of theState Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts waspromulgated and became effective on June 9, 2016. According to this Circular, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreigncurrency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionary basis. This Circular provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items(including but not limited to foreign currency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. ThisCircular reiterates the principle that Renminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposesbeyond its business scope and may not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guaranteethe principal within the PRC unless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless itis within the business scope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration andOptimizing Genuineness and Compliance Verification, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits fromdomestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution,original copies of tax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses beforeremitting any profits. Moreover, pursuant to this Circular, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provideboard resolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and RoundtripInvestment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Issues Concerning the Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore SpecialPurpose Vehicles, to regulate foreign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investmentand financing or conduct round trip investment in China. Circular 37 defines a “special purpose vehicle” as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly orindirectly, by PRC residents or entities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets orinterests, while “round trip investment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through special purpose vehicles, namely, establishingforeigninvested enterprises to obtain the ownership, control rights and management rights. Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into a specialpurpose vehicle, PRC residents or entities be required to complete foreign exchange registration with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranch. In addition, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the ForeignExchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015, requiring PRC residents or entities toregister with qualified banks rather than the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.39Table of ContentsPRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to special purpose vehicles but had not obtained registration asrequired before the implementation of the Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the special purpose vehicles with qualified banks. Anamendment to the registration is required if there is a material change with respect to the special purpose vehicle registered, such as any change of basic information(including change of the PRC residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers ordivisions. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclosecontrollers of the foreigninvested enterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchangeactivities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, sharetransfer or liquidation, to its offshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities topenalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating toinvestments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our abilityto inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic IndividualsParticipating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issuedby the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in March 2007. Pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residentsparticipating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted company are required to register with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents must conduct the registration and other procedures withrespect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of the overseas publicly listed company or another qualifiedinstitution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevant registration should there be any material change to thestock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of the PRC residents who have the right to exercise the employeestock options, apply to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreign currencies in connectionwith the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the sale of shares under thestock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRC opened by the PRCagents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.We have adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we will have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We haveadvised the recipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.However, we cannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock IncentivePlan Notice. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plansmay subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016, respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014, respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our Marshall Islands holding company may rely on dividend paymentsfrom Hongri PRC, which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on theability of our other PRC subsidiaries to make remittance to Hongri PRC and on the ability of Hongri PRC to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cashgenerated by the operations of those entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We rely to a significant extent on dividends and otherdistributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiary to fund offshore cash and financing requirements.”40Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Overseas ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the StateOwned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective onSeptember 8, 2006 and was amended on June 22, 2009. These regulations, among other things, require that (i) PRC entities or individuals obtain approval from theMinistry of Commerce before they establish or control a special purpose vehicle overseas, provided that they intend to use the special purpose vehicle to acquiretheir equity interests in a PRC company at the consideration of newly issued share of the special purpose vehicle, or Share Swap, and list their equity interests in thePRC company overseas by listing the special purpose vehicle in an overseas market; (ii) the special purpose vehicle obtains approval from the Ministry ofCommerce before it acquires the equity interests held by the PRC entities or PRC individual in the PRC company by Share Swap; and (iii) the special purpose vehicleobtains China Securities Regulatory Commission approval before it lists overseas. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The approval ofthe China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with this offering under a PRC regulation. The regulation also establishes more complexprocedures for acquisitions conducted by foreign investors that could make it more difficult for us to grow through acquisitions.”Regulations Relating to TaxationDividend Withholding TaxIn March 2007, the National People’s Congress enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law which became effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on February 24,2017. According to Enterprise Income Tax Law, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a foreigninvested enterprise in China to its foreignenterprise investors are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that providesfor a preferential withholding arrangement. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Negotiated Reduction of Dividends and Interest Rates,issued on January 29, 2008 and supplemented and revised on February 29, 2008, and the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, which became effective onDecember 8, 2006 and applicable to income derived in any year of assessment commencing on or after April 1, 2007 in Hong Kong and in any year commencing on orafter January 1, 2007 in the PRC, such withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong enterprise is deemed the beneficial owner of any dividend paid by aPRC subsidiary by PRC tax authorities and holds at least 25% of the equity interest in that particular PRC subsidiary at all times within the 12month periodimmediately prior to the distribution of the dividends. Furthermore, pursuant to the Announcement on Issues concerning “Beneficial Owners” in Tax Treaties issuedon February 3, 2018 by the State Administration of Taxation, when determining the status of “beneficial owners,” a comprehensive analysis may be conductedthrough materials such as articles of association, financial statements, records of capital flows, minutes of board of directors, resolutions of board of directors,allocation of manpower and material resources, the relevant expenses, functions and risk assumption, loan contracts, royalty contracts or transfer contracts, patentregistration certificates and copyright certificates, etc. However, even if an applicant has the status as a “beneficiary owner,” if the competent tax authority findsnecessity to apply the principal purpose test clause in the tax treaties or the general antitax avoidance rules stipulated in domestic tax laws, the general antitaxavoidance provisions shall apply.Enterprise Income TaxIn December 2007, the State Council promulgated the Implementing Rules of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008. TheEnterprise Income Tax Law and its relevant implementing rules (i) impose a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate, which is applicable to both foreigninvestedenterprises and domestic enterprises (ii) permits companies to continue to enjoy their existing tax incentives, subject to certain transitional phaseout rules and(iii) introduces new tax incentives, subject to various qualification criteria.41Table of ContentsThe Enterprise Income Tax Law also provides that enterprises organized under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies”located within China may be considered PRC resident enterprises and therefore be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwideincome. The implementing rules further define the term “de facto management body” as the management body that exercises substantial and overall managementand control over the production and operations, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. If an enterprise organized under the laws of jurisdictionoutside China is considered a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, itwould be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. Second, a 10% withholding tax would be imposed on dividends itpays to its nonPRC enterprise shareholders and with respect to gains derived by its nonPRC enterprise shareholders from transfer of its shares.On October 17, 2017, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Bulletin on Issues Concerning the Withholding of NonPRC Resident Enterprise Income Tax atSource, or Bulletin 37, which replaced the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by NonPRC Resident Enterprisesissued by the State Administration of Taxation on December 10, 2009, and partially replaced and supplemented rules under the Bulletin on Issues of EnterpriseIncome Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by NonPRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7, issued by the State Administration of Taxation on February 3, 2015.Under Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by nonPRC resident enterprises may be recharacterizedand treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose ofavoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. In respect of anindirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the relevant gain is to be regarded as effectively connected with the PRC establishment and thereforeincluded in its enterprise income tax filing, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relatesto the immoveable properties in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not effectively connected to a PRC establishment of a nonresident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax at 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similararrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Pursuant to Bulletin 37, the withholding party shalldeclare and pay the withheld tax to the competent tax authority in the place where such withholding party is located within seven days from the date of occurrenceof the withholding obligation. Both Bulletin 37 and Bulletin 7 do not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange wheresuch shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We and our existingshareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a Chinese establishmentof a nonChinese company, or immovable properties located in China owned by nonChinese companies.”ValueAdded TaxIn November 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Pilot Plan for Imposition of ValueAdded Tax to ReplaceBusiness Tax. In March 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation further promulgated the Notice on Fully Promoting the Pilot Plan forReplacing Business Tax by ValueAdded Tax. Pursuant to this Pilot Plan and the relevant notice, value added tax at a rate of 6% is generally imposed, on anationwide basis, on the revenue generated from the provision of service in lieu of business tax in the modern service industries. Value added tax of a rate of 6%applies to revenue derived from the provision of some modern services. Unlike business tax, a taxpayer is allowed to offset the qualified input value added tax paidon taxable purchases against the output value added tax chargeable on the modern services provided.C.Organizational StructureSee “—A. History and Development of the Company—Corporate Structure” above for details of our current organizational structure.42Table of ContentsD.Property, Plants and EquipmentOur company has established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31,2018, this network was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, our company’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The facilityhas a production capacity of 2 million pieces per year and we move in upon the completion of phase 2 in year 2015. By relocating from the coastal area to AnhuiProvince, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a more stable labor supply. We manufacture a variety of menswear products, including, jeans,shirts, suits and socks. Because of its variety and complexity in the production process, these products require special sewing machines and workmanship, whichwe currently do not possess. As a result, the Company is not yet able to produce KBS branded products and has outsourced its KBS branded productmanufacturing to other established ODM and OEM manufacturers in the Fujian and Zhejiang regions. The Company has completed the second phase constructionof its new factory at the end of 2014. The second phase has an annual production capacity of 5 million pieces subject to our purchasing additional equipment.Currently Anhui factory mainly produces OEM orders and some international orders.Our production facility consists of total 110,557 square meters of land. We obtained a portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square metersand 2,440 square meters in May 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildingsand offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need foradditional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of landhas been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Oncethe construction of the new production facilities is completed, our total production capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year fromthe current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.In 2016, we closed 1 corporate store and as of December 31, 2018, we leased the premises for our sole remaining corporate store. We have undertaken variousmeasures to verify the lessees’ rights to the property leased to us in respect of its stores. In China, all land is owned by the State or other governmental bodies, and“ownership” is generally evidenced by a land use rights certificate. We rent some stores that were located in rural areas where land use rights are held collectivelyby villages and records regarding the ownership of land use rights are frequently not kept. In these cases, the company has confirmed our ability to lease the storesthrough communications with village authorities, and has reviewed electricity and water bills to confirm utilities are being paid by the parties leasing the premises tous. Based on the results of these efforts, we believe the risk of third party claims against our leases of these stores is relatively small and the measures taken by ourcompany are sufficient to verify the land use rights for all of its stores.In addition, the property used as our head office and corporate store is leased from a related party, whose ownership of the property has been verified by ourcompany. We paid a total of RMB720,000, RMB 720,000, and RMB 720,000, as rental fees for the existing corporate stores during the fiscal years 2016, 2017 and 2018,respectively. The total area of these 2 corporate stores is 158 square meters. The sales of each store and its location are shown below:AreaSales in fiscalyear 2016(USD)Sales in fiscalyear 2017(USD)Sales in fiscalyear2018(USD)Shishi factory1,240,354.74772,299691,431Quanzhou Dayang (closed in 2016)470,280.90Total:1,710,635.64772,299691,43143Table of ContentsITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot required.ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSWe are engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of casual menswear in China, including apparel and accessories, which we market under the KBSbrand. The KBS brand was developed in 2006. Before 2012, we were engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of fashion sportswear in China. Sinceour products feature a unique and stylish design that is more fashionable than traditional sportswear, as well as quality fabrics and materials and the sportswearmarket was becoming more and more competitive, in late 2011 we turned our focus on casual menswear market which has higher profit margin. KBS’s apparelproducts include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, Jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, belts and caps. In 2016, the suggestedretail prices of KBS’s products ranged from RMB199 to RMB1,499 for its apparel products and RMB15 to RMB899 for its accessory products. KBS holds newproducts launch events twice every year, one in spring and the other in autumn. Since 2006, we have launched about 1,500,536 collections of new products eachyear with a different theme to highlight the current trends for the season. KBS’s marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese.” KBS’scustomers are male middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range, primarily located in tier two and tier three cities in China. The company has adopted “KBS” as auniform brand name, which stands for “Keep Best Style”, and KBS are designed by us for a uniform look and feel that fits our brand image, with instore displaysthat accentuate the quality and style of our products across all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. We believe that the KBSbrand has become a recognized brand name in the cities where their products are sold.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors. Thenumber of stores grew significantly from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006 to 31 corporate stores as of December 31, 2012 and 96franchised stores as of December 31, 2013, and decreased to 84 stores as of December 31, 2014. Because of the recent softening of economic growing in China andfierce competition from our competitors, online store sales of franchised stores and corporate stores went down in 2015 as compared with the previous year. In 2017and 2018, the distributors closed 15 and 8 franchised stores, respectively, and we closed 1 corporate store in year 2016. We generate more revenues from OEM in2018 and intend to generate more in OEM and target area from acquisitions.KBS also acts as an original design manufacturer, or ODM, upon request. Income from such services accounted for 14%, 7.3% and 9% of revenue for the yearsended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, KBS’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The company believesthat the shortage of labor and rising wage expectations in China, especially in the coastal area, could have a material impact on our operations as well as itssuppliers’ cost of manufacturing. By relocating from the coastal area to inland Anhui Province, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a morestable labor supply. Since the company’s original production team was not ready to produce the new style KBS products, KBS has outsourced its productmanufacturing to other established ODM manufacturers. As such, KBS’s own production facility in Taihu mainly takes OEM orders from other sportswearcompanies, like Xtep. Our production facility in Taihu, Anhui Province includes three parcels of land with a total area of 110,557 square meters. We have obtainedland use rights for two parcels of land with an area of 9,845 square meters in 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction ofthe adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire theland use right of the third parcel of land. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 can be continued. Once completed, our totalproduction capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year. We do not necessarilyrely on our own production facility to satisfy the demand of our products as we may outsource some or all of the production work to various ODM and OEMmanufacturers in China.44Table of ContentsA.Principal Factors Affecting Financial PerformanceOur operating results are primarily affected by the following factors:●Growth of China’s menswear industry. With approximately onefifth of the world’s population and a fastgrowing gross domestic product, Chinarepresents a significant growth opportunity for a wide variety of retail goods, including apparel. The enhanced living standards and increased disposableincome that has resulted from the vibrant economic growth has driven the rapid development of the men’s apparel market in China in recent years. China iscurrently one of the world’s largest men’s apparel markets. As a leading provider of casual menswear in China, we believe we are well positioned tocapitalize on the favorable economic, demographic and industry trends in this sector.●Brand recognition. We derive all of our revenues from sales of the KBS branded products in China, and our success depends on the market perceptionand acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture, lifestyle and images associated with this brand. Market acceptance of our brand may affect the sellingprices and market demand for our products, the profit margin of us can achieve, and our ability to grow.●Ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network. The ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in terms of floor area in our salesnetwork affects our results of operations in a given period. The franchised stores operated by our distributors have been and will continue to be the maincontributor to our revenue for the foreseeable future. Under the distribution business model, we sell directly to our distributors and recognize revenuesupon delivery of our products to them. Such distribution network has enabled us to accelerate sales growth at a much lower cost than opening direct storesand has limited our inventory and sales risks. Corporate stores operated by us, on the other hand, despite incurring more significant capital expenditures ascompared with franchised stores, allow us more control over our brand and the consumer’s shopping experience, which are important factors for the overallsuccess of our business. In addition, our corporate store sales generally have a higher gross profit margin than sales to distributors because we are able tosell the products at retail prices directly to the endconsumers and because we recognize expenses relating to our corporate stores as selling anddistribution expenses. Therefore, the ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network will affect our gross profit margin.●Product offering and pricing. Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define menswear trends as well as to anticipate, gauge andreact to changing consumer demands for menswear in a timely manner. Most of our products are subject to changing consumer preferences and fashiontrends that cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumer acceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, andour future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes.●Fluctuations in raw material supply and prices. The per unit cost of producing our products depends on the supply and price of raw materials,particularly fabrics such as cotton, wool and polyester, which have experienced volatility in past years. Increases in the price of raw materials wouldnegatively impact our gross margins if we are not able to offset such price increases through increases in our selling price or changes in product offeringsand mix.Financial Statement PresentationRevenue. During the periods covered by this section, we generated revenue from sales of our menswear products.45Table of ContentsCost of sales. During the periods covered by this section, our cost of sales primarily consisted of the costs of our outsourcing cost, raw materials, labor andoverhead. We did not have any inward or outward freight charges as these charges are borne by our distributors and suppliers.Gross profit and gross margin. For the periods covered by this section, our gross profit is equal to the difference between our net sales and cost of sales. Our grossmargin is equal to the gross profit divided by net sales. Our gross margin may not be comparable to those of other retail entities since some retail entities include allof their distribution network costs in cost of sales and others, like us, include these expenses in another statement of operations line item.Administrative expenses. For the periods covered by this section, general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to ourgeneral management, finance and administrative staff, professional advisor fees, audit fees and other expenses incurred in connection with general operations.Selling expenses. For the periods covered by this section, our selling and marketing expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to our sales andmarketing staff, store rent, business travel, coordination with distributor marketing and promotions, transportation costs and other sales related costs.Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, both in U.S. dollars and as apercentage of or revenue.Year endedDecember 31, 2018Year ended December 31, 2017Year ended December 31, 2016Amount% of SalesAmount% of SalesAmount% of SalesRevenue18,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales20,851,252112%35,274,352148%39,041,93295%Gross (loss)/profit2,316,13712%11,511,81648%2,158,2725%Operating expensesDistribution and selling expenses2,670,95514%3,265,38014%3,606,0109%Administrative expenses4,907,02026%4,879,39721%3,543,9939%Total operating expenses7,577,97541%8,144,77634%7,150,00317%Other income122,1391%461,5642%555,0511%Other gains and losses13,522,30073%122,2441%11,123,76727%Loss from operations23,294,273126%19,317,27281%15,560,44738%Finance costs96,4441%96,3850%71,7830%Change in fair value of warrant liabilities00%00%3,4090%Loss before tax23,390,717126%19,413,65782%15,628,82138%Income tax5,422,11929%4,598,06119%3,726,1339%Loss for the year17,968,59897%14,815,59662%11,902,68829%46Table of ContentsA breakdown of revenue, percentage of revenue and percentage of gross margin by segment for the respective periods is as follows:BybusinessDistribution networkCorporate storesOEMConsolidatedYear endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Sales toexternalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205% of Sales73%63%78%13%29%13%14%7%9%100%100%100%Segmentsgrossmargins2,245,9442,277,8586,623,6175,402,99414,291,6805,727,349845,700502,0071,262,0052,316,13611,511,8162,158,273Grossmarginrate17%15%21%227%205%104%33%29%36%12%48%5%Segment salesFor the year ended December 31, 2018, total revenue decreased by 22% from $23.8 million in 2017 to $18.5 million. Our total revenue of 2017 decreased by 33% from$41.2 million to $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company reports financial and operating results in three segments: distributor network,corporate stores and OEM.Distributor Network —Revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2018 decreased by 10% from $15 million in 2017 to $13 million primarily due to adecrease in sales volume. There was a decrease of revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2017 by 53% from $32.1 million in year 2016 primarily dueto a decrease in sales volume. The distributor segment accounted for 73% of the total revenue in 2018, compared to 63% and 78% during years 2017 and 2016,respectively.In year 2018, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network increased to 17% from 15% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price of newproducts. The sales went down in year 2018 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstockduring previous periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.47Table of ContentsIn year 2017, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network decreased to 15% from 21% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price, and thesales went down in year 2017 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstock duringprevious periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.The Company’s distributor network currently consists of 11 distributors in 12 provinces. Most of these distributors, either directly or through their subdistributors,operate KBSbranded stores. Some wholesale distributors sold the products to multibranded stores and online stores. As of December 31, 2018, distributorsoperated a total of 32 KBSbranded stores, primarily in second and third tier cities. KBS products distributed to the fourth and fifth tier cities are primarily sold inmultibranded department stores.Corporate Stores — Total revenue from corporate store sale for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $6.98 million for year 2017. In 2018 sales fromcorporate store decreased as compared to 2017 due to a decrease in promotion sales of repurchased inventory from certain distributors which are unable to pay offthe debts owed to us.Total revenue from corporate store sales for fiscal year 2017 was $6.98 million, compared to $5.53 million for year 2016. In 2017 sales from corporate stores increasedas compared to 2016 due to an increase in sales volume, which in turn was mainly attributable to the increase in promotion sales on repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors which are unable to pay off the debts owed to us.As of December 31, 2018, we operated 1 corporate store which located in Fujian. Total revenue from corporate store sales of 2018 decreased as compared to 2017because of the decrease the promotion sales of repurchased inventory.The corporate store segment contributed 14% of total revenue in 2018, compared to 29% of 2017 and 13% of 2016. Gross profit margin for the Company’s corporatestore was 232% in 2018, compared to 205% in 2017 and 104% in 2016. The margin compression from 2016 to 2018 is primarily due to: 1) close of 1 corporate store in2016 and the sale of its inventory at a lower price; 2) reduction of sale price of our goods in corporate stores to stimulate sales; 3) loss from sales of repurchasedinventory from certain distributors which sold at big discounted price in year 2017 and year 2018.OEM — The OEM segment is comprised of products that are designed by the customers but manufactured by us. Revenue from the OEM segment increased by$0.83 million to $2.57 million for year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017. Gross profit margin increased to 33%from 29% of year 2017. Revenue from the OEM segment decreased by $1.79 million to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $3.53 million foryear ended December 31, 2016. Gross profit margin decreased to 29% from 36% of year 2016. Our revenues from sales of OEM represented 14%, 9% and 9%,respectively of our total revenues for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.Cost of sales and gross profit rateCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for production purpose,outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges and water and electricity.Our cost of sales decreased from $35 million in year 2017 to $21 million in year 2018. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017.The gross profit rate increased from 48% in year 2017 to 12% in year 2018 due to 1) a decrease in the number of promotion sales in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, whichcaused a loss at RMB 40 million; 2) the higher price of updated new products and improvement of products quality; 3) higher profit margin of OEM segments due tolower amortized fixed fees from big orders from certain customers. In order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continuedoperation, we decided to continue to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors in 2018 and thereafter.48Table of ContentsOur cost of sales decreased from $39 million in year 2016 to $35 million in year 2017. The decrease was consistent with the decrease in our revenue, which resulted ina decrease in purchases by $7 million. The decrease in purchases was mainly due to a challenging retail environment and close of some stores.The gross profit rate decreased from 5% in year 2016 to 48% in year 2017 due to 1) a decrease in the number of our franchised stores from 55 as of December 31,2016 to 40 as of December 31, 2017; 2) in order to make more fair and friendly business environment for our all distributors, we adjusted our price policy to havesame price to our district distributors and province distributors in 2017, the price sell to the district distributor is lower than before. 3) a slowdown in demand inmenswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and our distributors faceddifficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 141.42 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million. Although we are not contractually obligated to buy back the excessiveinventory from any our distributors, in order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continued operation, we decided to do same in2017 to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors and we may implement similar plans in the following years.Administrative expensesAdministrative expenses increased by $0.02 million or 1% to $4.9 million for year 2018 from $4.88 million for 2017. The change was mainly due to the decrease ofoutsourcing design expense and the increase of the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Administrative expenses increased by $1.34 million or 37% to $4.88 million for year 2017 from $3.54 million for 2016. The increase was mainly due to the increase indesign staff expenses and the increase attributable to the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Distribution and selling expensesThe selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.59 million or 18% to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $ 3.2 million in 2017, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expense, products promotion expenses and entertainment expenses.The selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.34 million or 9.45% to $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $ 3.6 million in 2016, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expenses and promotion expense of products including placement order meeting expense.The advertisement expenses of 2018, 2017 and 2016 are relatively even and selling expenses accounted for 6.6%, 7.5% and 9% for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Other gains and lossesOther gains and losses increased by $13.4 million, or 10,875%, to $13.52 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $0.12 million for year 2017. The increasewas mainly due to the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value.Other gains and losses decreased by $11 million, or 98.9%, to $0.12 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $11.1 million for year 2016. The decrease wasmainly due to the fact that there was no additional provision on bad debts from three clients as in 2016.Profit for the yearWe had a loss of $18 million in 2018 as compared to a loss of $14.81 million for 2017, representing a decrease of profit of $3 million or 21%. Net margin was 97% forthe year ended December 31, 2018, compared to 62% for the year ended December 31, 2017.49Table of ContentsWe had a loss of $14.81 million in 2017 as compared to a loss of $11.9 million for 2016, representing a decrease of profit of $2.91 million or 25%. Net margin was 62%for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 29% for the year ended December 31, 2016.Profit for the year decreased from 2018 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons:(1)the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value (2) thedistribution and selling expenses decreased to a small portion of total revenue and the revenue also decreased compared to year ended December 31, 2017; (3) aslowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brands, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling products and paying back the balance owed to us. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 40 million.Profit for the year decreased from 2016 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons: (1) the administrative expenses increased to a large portion of total revenue; and(2) slowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 141.42 millionfrom certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million.B.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesAs of December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $21,026,103. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and cash in the banks. Webelieve that our current levels of cash and cash equivalent and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next12 months. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through net cash flow from operations. Our cash flows are driven by key performance indicatorsincluding the number of orders placed by distributors, number of outlets that each distributor operates the pricing of our products, sales of our corporate stores, andthe collect portion of account receivable. Currently there is only minimal cash held by offshore subsidiaries and there is no need for these subsidiaries to transfercash to Hongri PRC.The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this report:Fiscal Year Ended December 31201820172016Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(3,703,354)$1,922,252$3,194,287Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities52,932(865,365)45,445Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(3,907,291)(39,024)4,919,241Effects of exchange rate change in cash(1,117,062)1,513,138(1,556,980)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080Cash and cash equivalent at end of the period$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,34150Table of ContentsOperating ActivitiesThe net cash provided by operating activities consists of profit before tax, as adjusted by finance costs, change in fair value of warrant liabilities, interest income,shared based compensation, bad debt allowance, depreciation of property, plant and equipment, amortization of prepaid lease payment and trademark, amortizationof subsidies prepaid to distributors, amortization of prepayment and premiums under operating leases, provision(Reversal) of inventory obsolescence, provision ofimpairment loss in prepayments, loss(gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment, deferred income tax, which include trade and other receivables, prepaymentand deferred expenses, inventory, trade and other payables.Net cash used in operating activities in fiscal year 2018 was $3.7 million, compared with net cash provided by operating activities of $1.9 million in the year endedDecember 31, 2017. The change is mainly due to the increase of provision of Anhui property and the increase of deferred tax due to the loss of fiscal year 2018.Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.9 million, compared with $3.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2016. The change is mainlydue to the decrease in the amount of collection of account receivable.Investing ActivitiesNet cash provided by investing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.05 million, compared with $0.8 million net cash used in investing activities in 2017. The net cashprovided in investing activities in 2018 was interest received from our bank deposits.Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $0.8 million, compared with $0.04 million net cash provided by investing activities in 2016. The net cashused in investing activities in 2017 was to purchase fire protection facility.Financing ActivitiesNet cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.26 million, compared with $1.1 million net cash used in financing activities in 2017. It mainly consistedof repayment of bank loans in 2018.Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.1 million, compared with $1.68 million net cash provided by financing activities in 2016. It mainlyconsisted of interests paid for our bank loans.Loans, Other Commitments, ContingenciesAs of December 31, 2018, we had bank loans in an amount of $1,092,785. We may, however, in the future, require additional cash resources due to changing businessconditions, implementation of our strategy to expand our business or other investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our own financial resources areinsufficient to satisfy the capital requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain additional credit facilities. The sale of additionalequity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require usto agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overallbusiness prospects.C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.Our industry is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and changing customer demands. These conditions require continuousexpenditures on product research and development to enhance existing products create new products and avoid product obsolescence. See Item 3 “Key Information—D. Risk Factors—If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected,” —“Ifwe are unable to keep pace with the rapid technological changes in our industry, demand for our products and services could decline which would adversely affectour revenue,” and —“Our technology may become obsolete which could materially adversely affect our ability to sell our products and services.” For a detailedanalysis of research and development costs, see Item 5.A. “Operating Results—Results of Operations—Research and development expenses”.D.Trend InformationOther than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that wouldcause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.E.Off Balance Sheet ArrangementsWe do not have any off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes infinancial condition, sales or expenses, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures, or capital resources that are material to an investment in our securities.51Table of ContentsF.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual ObligationsThe table below shows our material contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018.Payments Due by PeriodLess than1 year13 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsContractual ObligationsConstruction Obligations$64,088,236Operating Lease Obligations$78,532146,7052,225,030Total$64,166,768146,7052,225,030Anhui Factory Construction ContractOn November 20, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party for the construction of a new plant with a total size of 110,557 square meters, atTaihu City, Anhui at a consideration of RMB 690 million (equivalent to approximately $104 million). This is the frame contract for the construction of Anhui factoryand round estimation. By December 31, 2016 we had already paid about $37.75 million in total on the phase 1, 2, 3 of construction based on detailed phase contractand the balance of construction cost of the Anui factory need to be determined based on the ontime budget on every phase. The majority of funds for constructionexpenses came from the cash balance on the account as of December 31, 2018 and the new profit of following year.Anhui Land Use Right Acquisition ContractOn September 2, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party to acquire a land use right in relation to the development of factories in Taihu City,Anhui Province, at a total consideration of RMB 43 million (approximately $6.3 million). Full consideration was paid in September 2010. There are three parts of theland. The Company has obtained land use rights certificates for the first parcel of land with 7,405 square meters on March 19, 2012, and the second parcel of landwith 2,440 square meters on May 26, 2012. The Company is currently in the process of obtaining the land use right certificate for the third parcel of the land with100,712 square meters.Except as set forth above, we have no other material longterm debt, capital or operating lease or fixed purchase obligations.InflationInflation and changing prices have not had a material effect on our business, and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect ourbusiness in the foreseeable future. However, our management will closely monitor price changes in the Chinese economy and the apparel industry and continuallymaintain effective cost controls in operations.52Table of ContentsSeasonalityOur business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal. Historically, we have realized more of our revenue and earnings in the fourth quarter, which includes themajority of the holiday shopping season, than in any other fiscal quarter.Critical Accounting PoliciesThe preparation of financial statements is in conformity with IFRS as issued by the IASB. It requires the Company’s management to make assumptions, estimatesand judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. The Company hasidentified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of Company’s financial statements. These accounting policies are important for anunderstanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of theCompany’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to makeestimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitivebecause of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly frommanagement’s current judgments. The Company believes the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in thepreparation of the Company’s financial statements.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects the considerationto which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled in exchange fortransferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that asignificant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration issubsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to the customerfor more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would be reflected in a separatefinancing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financing component which provides theCompany a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interest expense accreted on the contract liabilityunder the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services is oneyear or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component, using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of the goods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receiptsover the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.53Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with thedividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. Revenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer. Revenue from allabove categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of thetransaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered and title has passed.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting the deductible inputVAT of the period, is VAT payable.54Table of ContentsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial periodof time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use orsale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal government retirementbenefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fund their retirementbenefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal government takes responsibility for theretirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly, the only obligation of the Groupwith respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employment with the Group. There are no provisionsunder the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans are considered defined contribution plans. The Grouphas no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixed contributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pensionschemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service is performed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised inother comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Groupoperates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable taxregulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred taxassets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which thosedeductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or fromthe initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accountingprofit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able to control thereversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising fromdeductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profitsagainst which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.55Table of ContentsThe carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficienttaxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based ontax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assetsreflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carryingamount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when thedeferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities wherethere is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, inwhich case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arisesfrom the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.Store preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll and supplies.The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenses when occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases areclassified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes. Leaseholdimprovements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes other thanconstruction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful lives and aftertaking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction in progressis carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment whencompleted and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for theirintended use.56Table of ContentsAn item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of theasset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) isincluded in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.The Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights to use theland on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizable valuerepresents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fair valuethrough profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model formanaging them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the practicalexpedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus in the case of a financialasset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group hasapplied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance with the policies set out for “Revenue recognition(applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cash flowsthat are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established by regulation orconvention in the marketplace.57Subsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognised inthe income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversals arerecognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair value changes arerecognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive income is recycled to theincome statement.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under HKAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. The classification isdetermined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statement when theright of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and the amount of the dividendcan be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains arerecorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income are not subject to impairmentassessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value throughprofit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for thepurpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading unless they aredesignated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interest are classified and measured atfair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to be classified at amortised cost or at fairvalue through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition ifdoing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.58Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in theincome statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separate derivative if theeconomic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet thedefinition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changesin fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cashflows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between thecontractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the originaleffective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to thecontractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are providedfor credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been asignificant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespectiveof the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. When making theassessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on thefinancial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort,including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider afinancial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full beforetaking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering thecontractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the general approach andthey are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach as detailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured at anamount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets and for whichthe loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the loss allowance ismeasured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs59Simplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of asignificant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not track changes incredit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on itshistorical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt the simplifiedapproach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed from theGroup’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to what extent, ithas retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset nortransferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Groupalso recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that theGroup has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and the maximumamount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’sfinancial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.Subsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method unless theeffect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement when the liabilities arederecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.60Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantiallymodified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference between therespective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right tooffset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to the contractualprovisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financialassets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.The Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. Theeffective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of theeffective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, where appropriate, a shorter period tothe net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.61Table of ContentsReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including trade and otherreceivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment (seeaccounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a resultof one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have been affected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequently assessed forimpairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience of collecting payments,and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national or local economic conditions thatcorrelate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between the asset’scarrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.The carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables, where thecarrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized in profit or loss. When atrade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off arecredited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment losseswas recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset at the date theimpairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.G.Safe HarborSee “Introductory Notes—ForwardLooking Information.”62Table of ContentsITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEESA.Directors and Senior ManagementThe following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors and senior management, as well as employees upon whose work we are dependent, as ofthe date of this annual report.NAMEAGEPOSITIONKeyan Yan47Chairman and Chief Executive OfficerThemis Kalapotharakos44Executive DirectorLixiaTu37Chief Financial Officer and DirectorJohn Sano49Independent DirectorMatthew C. Los54Independent DirectorZhongmin Zhang76Independent DirectorYuet Mei Chan38Independent DirectorMr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has been the Chairman of our board of directors and Chief Executive Officer since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr.Yan has over 16 years of senior management experience. He served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of KBS International between March 2011 and August2014. From 1994 to present, Mr. Yan has served as general manager of Hongri PRC. Prior to joining us, Mr. Yan served as workshop manager, production managerand marketing manager of Zhenshi Knitting Factory in Shishi, China from 19891994. Mr. Yan obtained a certificate of corporate management from Xiamen Universityin 1992.Ms. Lixia Tu. Ms. Tu became the Company’s Chief Financial Officer on June 25, 2015. Ms. Tu has more than night years of accounting and audit experience, familiarwith IFRS, US GAAP, SarbanesOxley and the compliance requirements of SEC. After she worked as a project manager at BDO China Fu Jian SHU LUN PANCertified Public Accountants for four years, she worked as a CFO or a financial consultant for some other companies. Ms. Tu holds a Master’s degree inprofessional accounting from the University of Deakin in Australia. Ms. Tu is also a member of the Chartered Association of Certified Accountants.Mr. Themis Kalapotharakos. Mr. Kalapotharakos became our executive director on June 15, 2015. Mr. Kalapotharakos has acquired a range of expertise of a widespectrum of business activities. He has extensive highlevel experience at the Shipping, Trading and Finance industries where he has founded, developed andoperated various businesses starting from the ground up. His roles involved regular communication and coordination with investors, financial institutions, capitalmarket authorities, custodian and administrative banks, auditors and legal counsel. He holds a Bachelor’s degree from Cardiff University and an MSc Degree fromCass Business School in the UK.John Sano. Mr. Sano has been an independent director of the Company since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr. Sano has over 20 years ofexperience in apparel & home furnishings concept, design, sourcing, production, and ecommerce. He has extensive experience in all aspects of the retail clothingsupply chain, from conceptualization to final production and distribution. Mr. Sano has also advised and worked closely with numerous top brands in the US. Hehas been General Director of Sano Design Services since 2002. Mr. Sano has an associate’s degree in interior design from Traphagen School of Design.Mr. Matthew C. Los. Mr. Los became our director on October 8, 2015. Mr. Los has acquired a range of expertise of a wide spectrum of business activities. He hasover 20 years’ experience at high level management, and has founded, developed and operated various businesses in the shipping, energy, telecommunications realestate industries starting from the ground up. He also has experience in the capital markets and was the CEO of Aquasition Corp., the predecessor of the Company,prior to the Share Exchange. Mr. Los has a BSc in Mechanical Engineering and Computer Aided Design from University of Westminster in the UK.Mr. Zhongmin Zhang. Mr. Zhang became our director on July 10, 2017. He has over 45 years of extensive experience in many facets of textile business, including inproduction, marketing, and management. Currently, Mr. Zhang is the president of Zhengzhou Guangda Textile Printing & Dyeing Co., Ltd. which has an annualproduction of 216 million meters of various textile products, with a value of RMB 800 million. Holding a title of Senior Engineer, Mr. Zhang graduated from HarbinInstitute of Technology in 1965. He also has certificates in finance management and civil law.Mr. Yuet Mei Chan. Ms. Chan became our director on July 10, 2017. She has over 15 years of experience in the banking industry. She held several senior positions ina prestigious bank in Hong Kong from 20012016. She is currently a financial consultant at AIA and specializes in analyzing financial situations and market trends.Ms. Chan holds a diploma in Computing and Business Studies from Hong Kong St. Perth College.No family relationship exists between any of the persons named above.63Table of ContentsB.CompensationIn 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $207,268 in cash as compensation to our directors and senior management as a group, and some of our directors andexecutive officers also received compensation in the form of annual salaries and bonuses. We do not set aside or accrue any amounts for pension, retirement orother benefits for our directors and senior management. However, we reimburse our directors for outofpocket expenses incurred in connection with their services insuch capacity.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to our executive officers and directors as compensations for theirservices. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to the Company’s executiveofficers, directors and certain employees as compensations for their service. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.2018 Equity Incentive PlanOn December 24, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2018 Plan, pursuant to which the Company may offerup to two million shares of common stock as equity incentives to its directors, employees and consultants. Such number of shares is subject to adjustment in theevent of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, stock splits, stock dividends, or other change in the corporate structure of the Companyaffecting the shares issuable under the 2018 Plan. As of December 31, 2018, we have not granted any equity awards under the 2018 Plan.The following paragraphs summarize the terms of our 2018 Plan:Purpose. The purposes of the 2018 Plan are to promote the longterm growth and profitability of the Company and its affiliates by stimulating the efforts ofemployees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates who are selected to be participants, aligning the longterm interests of participants with thoseof shareholders, heightening the desire of participants to continue in working toward and contributing to our success, attracting and retaining the best availablepersonnel for positions of substantial responsibility, and generally providing additional incentive for them to promote the success of our business through the grantof awards of or pertaining to our common stock. The 2018 Plan permits the grant of ISOs, NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share AppreciationRights, Performance Units and Performance Shares as the administrator of the 2018 Plan may determine.Administration. The 2018 Plan is administered by our Board. The administrator has the authority to determine the specific terms and conditions of all awards grantedunder the 2018 Plan, including, without limitation, the number of shares of common stock subject to each award, the price to be paid for the shares and the applicablevesting criteria. The administrator has discretion to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2018 Plan.Eligibility. NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share Appreciation Rights, Performance Units and Performance Shares may be granted to employees,directors or consultants either alone or in combination with any other awards. ISOs may be granted only to employees of the Company, and of any parent orsubsidiary.Shares Available for Issuance Under the 2018 Plan. Subject to adjustment as described below, (a) the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issuedunder the 2018 Plan is 2,000,000 shares of common stock, (b) to the extent consistent with Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the“Code”), not more than an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of common stock may be issued under ISOs, and (c) not more than 200,000 shares of common stock (or forawards denominated in cash, the Fair Market Value of 200,000 shares of common stock on the Grant Date, as defined in the 2018 Plan), may be awarded to anyindividual participant in the aggregate in any one fiscal year of the Company, such limitation to be applied in a manner consistent with the requirements of, and onlyto the extent required for compliance with, the exclusion from the limitation on deductibility of compensation under Code Section 162(m). The number and class ofshares available under the 2018 Plan are subject to adjustment in the event of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, share splits, sharedividends, or other similar events which change the number or kind of shares outstanding.64Table of ContentsTransferability. Unless otherwise provided in the 2018 Plan or otherwise determined by the administrator, an award may not be sold, pledged, assigned,hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution and may be exercised, during the lifetime of theparticipant, only by the participant. However, the administrator may, at or after the grant of an award other than an ISO, provide that such award may be transferredby the recipient to a “family member” (as defined in the 2018 Plan); provided, however, that any such transfer is without payment of any consideration whatsoeverand that no transfer shall be valid unless first approved by the administrator, acting in its sole discretion, and as required by our Amended and Restated Articles ofIncorporation. If the administrator makes an award transferable, such award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the administrator deemsappropriate.Termination of, or Amendments to, the 2018 Plan. The Board may at any time amend, alter, suspend or terminate the 2018 Plan, provided that the Company willobtain shareholder approval of any 2018 Plan amendment to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with applicable Laws. No amendment, alteration,suspension or termination of the 2018 Plan will impair the rights of any participant, unless mutually agreed otherwise between the participant and the administrator,which agreement must be in writing and signed by the participant and the Company. Termination of the 2018 Plan will not affect the administrator’s ability to exercisethe powers granted to it hereunder with respect to awards granted prior to the date of such termination.The 2018 Plan will terminate five years following the date it was adopted by the Board, unless sooner terminated by the Board.Employment AgreementsPlease refer to Item 10 “Additional Information—C. Material Contracts.”C.Board PracticesOur board of directors currently consists of seven members, Keyan Yan, Lixia Tu, John Sano, Themis Kalapotharakos, Matthew C. Los, Yuet Mei Chan andZhongmin Zhang.The Board has established the Audit Committee, which is comprised entirely of independent directors. From time to time, the Board may establish other committees.Audit CommitteeOur Audit Committee is currently composed of three members: Yuet Mei Chan, John Sano and Matthew C. Los. Our Board of Directors determined that each memberof the Audit Committee meets the independence criteria prescribed by applicable regulation and the rules of the SEC for audit committee membership. Each AuditCommittee member also meets NASDAQ’s financial literacy requirements. Matthew C. Los serves as Chair of the Audit Committee.Our Board of Directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is the “audit committee financial expert” as such term is defined in Item 407(d) of Regulation SKpromulgated by the SEC and also meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements.The Audit Committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our Company. The Audit Committee isresponsible for, among other things:●the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the independent auditor;●reviewing and preapproving all auditing services and permissible nonaudit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed by theindependent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed relatedparty transactions;●discussing the interim and annual financial statements with management and our independent auditors;●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor (a) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls, (b) theCompany’s internal audit procedures, and (c) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, and managementreports thereon;65Table of Contents●reviewing reported violations of the Company’s code of conduct and business ethics; and●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor various topics and events that may have significant financial impact on theCompany or that are the subject of discussions between management and the independent auditors.D.EmployeesAs of December 31, 2018, we employed 370 fulltime employees. The following table sets forth the number of our fulltime employees by function. FunctionNumber ofEmployeesManagement and Administration28Marketing, Sales and Distribution18Design and Product Development20Production281Procurement, Warehousing and Logistics19Quality and Assurance7TOTAL370We believe that we have maintained a satisfactory working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any significant labor disputes or anydifficulty in recruiting staff for company’s operations. None of company’s employees is represented by a labor union.Our employees in China participate in a state pension plan organized by Chinese municipal and provincial governments. The company is required to make monthlycontributions to the plan for each employee at the rate of 23% of his or her average assessable salary. In addition, the company is required by Chinese law to coveremployees in China with various types of social insurance. The company believes that it is in material compliance with the relevant PRC laws.E.Share OwnershipThe following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of each class of our voting securities as of April 26, 2019 (i) by each person who is knownby us to beneficially own more than 5% of our voting securities; (ii) by each of our officers and directors; and (iii) by all of our officers and directors as a group.NameOffice, If AnyTitle of ClassAmount andNature ofBeneficialOwnership(1)Percent ofClass(2)Officers and DirectorsKeyan Yan(3)Chairman, CEO and PresidentCommon Stock964,32037.21%Lixia TuChief Financial Officer and DirectorCommon Stock60,0002.32%Themis KalapotharakosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%John SanoDirectorCommon Stock5,0000.19%Matthew C. LosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%Zhongmin ZhangDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%Yuet Mei ChanDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%All officers and directors as a group (7 personsnamed above)1,129,32043.58%5% Security HoldersKeyan Yan (3)Common Stock964,32037.21%Alliance Investment Management Limited(4)Common Stock195,488(4)7.54%*Less than 1%(1)Beneficial Ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Eachof the beneficial owners listed above has direct ownership of and sole voting power and investment power with respect to our common stock.66Table of Contents(2)As of April 26, 2019, a total of 2,591,299 shares of commons stock are considered to be outstanding pursuant to SEC Rule 13d3(d)(1). For each Beneficial Ownerabove, any securities that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days have been included in the denominator.(3)Includes 20,000 shares of common stock owned by Bizhen Chen, Mr. Yan’s wife.(4)Based solely on Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on August 8, 2018, in which Alliance Investment Management reported it has sole voting and dispositivepower with respect to 195,488 shares of our common stock. The address of the reporting person is 7 Belmont Road, Kingston, Jamaica.None of our existing shareholders has voting rights that differ from the voting rights of other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at asubsequent date, result in our change in control.ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSA.Major ShareholdersPlease refer to Item 6 “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.”B.Related Party TransactionsFrom time to time, KBS and its subsidiaries borrowed money from our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Keyan Yan, to pay for Company expenses. Theseamounts are interestfree, unsecured and repayable on demand. In years 2017 and 2016, Mr. Yan paid all the Company expenses in connection with the Company’sNasdaq continued listing and SEC reporting out of his pocket. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of these amounts we borrowed from Mr. Yan was$485,302 and $35,483, respectively.C.Interests of Experts and CounselNot applicable.ITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATIONA.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial InformationFinancial StatementsWe have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this report. See Item 18 “Financial Statements.”Legal Proceedings We may be subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our business from time to time. We are currently not party to anylegal or arbitration proceedings, including those relating to bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings and those involving any third party, which may have, orhave had in the recent past, significant effects on our financial position or profitability.Dividend PolicyTo date, we have not paid any cash dividends on our shares. As a Marshall Islands company, we may only declare and pay dividends except when the corporationis insolvent or would thereby be made insolvent or when the declaration or payment would be contrary to any restrictions contained in our Articles ofIncorporation. Dividends may be declared and paid out of surplus only; but in case there is no surplus, dividends may be declared or paid out of the net profits forthe fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and for the preceding fiscal year. We currently anticipate that we will retain any available funds to finance thegrowth and operation of our business and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our cash held in foreign countriesmay be subject to certain control limitations or repatriation requirements, limiting our ability to use this cash to pay dividends.67Table of ContentsB.Significant ChangesNo significant change has occurred since the date of our consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTINGA.Offer and Listing DetailsOur common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market and trade under the symbol “KBSF.” Between January 23, 2013 and November 3, 2014, our commonstock was traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “AQU.” Our Warrants and Units are quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “KBSFW”and “KBSFU”, respectively. Prior to November 3, 2014, our Warrants and Units were quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “AQUUF” and “AQUUU”,respectively. Before their quotation on the OTC Markets, our Units commenced to trade on the Nasdaq Stock Market on October 26, 2012 and our Warrantscommenced to trade separately from its Units on January 23, 2013.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.Approximate Number of Holders of Our SecuritiesOn April 26, 2019, there was 1 holder of record of our Units, 359 shareholders of record of our common stock and 1 holder of record of our Warrants. Certain of oursecurities are held in nominee or street name so the actual number of beneficial owners of our securities is greater than the number of record holders set forth above.B.Plan of DistributionNot applicable.C.MarketsSee our disclosures above under “A. Offer and Listing Details.”D.Selling ShareholdersNot applicable. E.DilutionNot applicable.F.Expenses of the IssueNot applicable.68Table of ContentsITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONA.Share CapitalOur Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation authorize the Company to issue up to 155,000,000 shares with a par value of $0.0001, consisting of 150,000,000shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of date of this report, there are 2,591,299 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Wehave never issued any preferred stock.●As of date of this report, we have 717 IPO Units outstanding.●As of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding (including 369,302 IPO Warrants and 24,534 Placement Warrants), each warrant entitles theholder to purchase one share of common stock at a purchase price of $172.5.B.Memorandum and Articles of AssociationThe following represents a summary of certain key provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. The summary does not purport to be a summary of allof the provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. For more complete information you should read our amended and restated articles ofincorporation and bylaws, each listed as an exhibit to this report.We were incorporated in the Marshall Islands on January 26, 2012 under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BCA”). The purpose of the Company isto engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may now or hereafter be organized under the BCA. Our amended and restated articles of incorporationand bylaws do not impose any limitations on the ownership rights of our stockholders.Description of Common StockEach outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Upon our dissolution, liquidation orwinding up of the affairs of the Company, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidationpreferences, if any, the holders or our common stock will be entitled to receive pro rata our remaining assets available for distribution. Holders of common stock donot have conversion, redemption or preemptive rights to subscribe to any of our securities.Blank Check Preferred Stock.Our Board of Directors is authorized, without any further vote or action by our stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in different classesand series and, with respect to each class or series, to determine the designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights,conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the powers and rights associated with the common stock,at such times and on such other terms as they think proper. Our Board of Directors may issue shares of preferred stock on terms calculated to discourage, delay orprevent a change of control of our company or the removal of our management.WarrantsAs of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding, among which 369,302 warrants were issued to the public in our IPO (the “IPO Warrants”). Each ofthe IPO Warrants entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.5 expiring on July 31, 2019, provided that there is an effectiveregistration statement covering the shares of common stock underlying the IPO Warrants.69Table of ContentsThe Company may redeem the IPO Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon 30 days’ notice, after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, only inthe event that the last sale price of the shares of common stock is at least $17.50 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30trading day period (“30Day TradingPeriod”) ending three business days prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is a current registration statement in effect with respectto the shares of common stock underlying such IPO Warrants throughout the 30day redemption period. The Company is only required to use its best efforts tomaintain the effectiveness of the registration statement covering the underlying common stock of the IPO Warrants. There are no contractual penalties for failure todeliver securities if a registration statement is not effective at the time of exercise. Additionally, in the event that a registration statement is not effective at the time ofexercise, the holder of such warrant shall not be entitled to exercise such warrant for cash and in no event (whether in the case of a registration statement not beingeffective or otherwise) will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrant exercise.In addition, Aqua Investments Corp., an entity controlled by certain founding shareholders of the Company, acquired 24,534 warrants, each entitles the holder topurchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50, expiring on July 31, 2019 (the “Placement Warrants”). The Placement Warrants are identical to the IPOWarrants except that the Placement Warrants (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis; (ii) will not be redeemable by the Company and (ii) may beexercised even if there is not an effective registration statement relating to the shares underlying the warrants, so long as they are held by the initial purchaser orany of its permitted transferees.As of date of this report, we also have 717 IPO Units outstanding and publicly trading, each including one IPO Warrant and one share of our common stock.DirectorsThe business and affairs of the Company are managed by or under the direction of our Board of Directors.Our directors are elected by the holders of the shares representing a majority of the total voting power of the thenoutstanding capital stock of the Company entitledto vote generally in the election of directors (“Voting Stock”). Our amended and restated articles of incorporation provide that cumulative voting shall not be used toelect directors. Each director will be elected to serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his/her successor shall have been duly elected andqualified, except in the event of his/her death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of his/her term of office.Any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of thetotal voting power of the Voting Stock entitled to vote thereon or with cause by directors constituting at least twothirds of the entire Board.Vacancies in the Board of Directors occurring by death, resignation, the creation of new directorships, the failure of the shareholders to elect the whole board at anyannual election of directors, or, except as herein provided, for any other reason, including removal of directors for cause, may be filled either by the affirmative voteof a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, at any special meeting called for that purpose or at any regular meeting of theBoard. Vacancies occurring by removal of directors without cause may be filled only by vote of the shareholders.Shareholder MeetingsAnnual stockholder meetings will be held at a time and place selected by our board of directors. The meetings may be held in or outside of the Marshall Islands.Under our amended and restated articles of incorporation, special meetings may be called by the board of directors, or by the secretary of the Company requestedby stockholders representing certain amount of voting power. Our board of directors shall give not less than 15 days and not more than 60 days prior written noticeof a shareholders’ meeting to each shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat and to each shareholder of record who, by reason of any action proposed at suchmeeting would be entitled to have his/her shares appraised if such action were taken, and the notice shall include a statement of that purpose and to that effect.Our bylaws provide that a meeting of shareholders is duly constituted if, at the commencement of the meeting, there are shareholders present in person or by proxyrepresenting not less than a majority of the votes of the shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on resolutions of shareholders to be considered at themeeting.70Table of ContentsIf a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of stock represented at the meeting will be the act of the shareholders. At any meeting ofshareholders, each shareholder entitled to vote any shares on any manner to be voted upon at such meeting shall be entitled to one vote on such matter for eachsuch share. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the action so taken, issigned by all the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof.Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal and Payment.Under the BCA, our stockholders have the right to dissent from various corporate actions, including any merger or sale of all or substantially all of our assets notmade in the usual course of our business, and receive payment of the fair value of their shares. However, the right of a dissenting stockholder to receive payment ofthe fair value of his or her shares shall not be available for any shares of stock of the constituent corporation surviving a merger if the merger did not require for itsapproval the vote of the stockholders of the surviving corporation. In the event of any further amendment of our articles of incorporation, a stockholder also has theright to dissent and receive payment for his or her shares if the amendment alters certain rights in respect of those shares. The dissenting stockholder must followthe procedures set forth in the BCA to receive payment. In the event that we and any dissenting stockholder fail to agree on a price for the shares, the BCAprocedures involve, among other things, the institution of proceedings in the circuit court in the judicial circuit in the Marshall Islands in which our Marshall Islandsoffice is situated. The value of the shares of the dissenting stockholder is fixed by the court after reference, if the court so elects, to the recommendations of a courtappointed appraiser.Stockholders’ Derivative ActionsUnder the BCA, any of our stockholders may bring an action in our name to procure a judgment in our favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that thestockholder bringing the action is a holder of common stock both at the time the derivative action is commenced and at the time of the transaction to which theaction relates.Indemnification of Officers and DirectorsThe BCA authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors and officers to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages forbreaches of directors’ fiduciary duties. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation include a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors formonetary damages for actions taken as a director to the fullest extent permitted by law. We must indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorizedby law. We are also expressly authorized to advance certain expenses (including attorneys’ fees and disbursements and court costs) to our directors and offices andcarry directors’ and officers’ insurance providing indemnification for our directors, officers and certain employees for some liabilities.The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws may discourage stockholders frombringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigationagainst directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. In addition, your investment may beadversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.C.Material ContractsWe have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in Item 4 “Information on theCompany,” Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations,” Item 7 “Major Shareholders and RelatedParty Transactions,” or filed (or incorporated by reference) as exhibits to this annual report or otherwise described or referenced in this annual report.D.Exchange ControlsMarshall Islands Exchange ControlsUnder Marshall Islands law, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect theremittance of dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our shares.71Table of ContentsBVI Exchange ControlsThere are no material exchange controls restrictions on payment of dividends, interest or other payments to the holders of our common stock or on the conduct ofour operations in the BVI, where we were incorporated. There are no material BVI laws that impose any material exchange controls on us or that affect the paymentof dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our common stock. BVI law and our memorandum and articles of association do not impose anymaterial limitations on the right of nonresidents or foreign owners to hold or vote our common stock.PRC Exchange ControlsRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued bySAFE and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade and service payments, payment ofinterest and dividends can be made without prior approval from SAFE by following the appropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMBinto foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRC for the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments,loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from SAFE or its local office.On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency Management Policy on Direct Investment, effective fromJune 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investmentfrom SAFE. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for the purpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed withqualified banks, which, under the supervision of SAFE, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise, or SAFE Circular 19,was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to SAFE Circular 19, a foreigninvested enterprise may, according to its actualbusiness needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchange bureau has confirmedmonetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the time being, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shall truthfully use itscapital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equity investment with theamount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open a corresponding Account forForeign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming andRegulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or SAFE Circular 16, was promulgated and became effective on June 9,2016. According to SAFE Circular 16, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreign currency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionarybasis. SAFE Circular 16 provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items (including but not limited to foreigncurrency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. SAFE Circular 16 reiterates the principle thatRenminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope andmay not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guarantee the principal within the PRCunless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless it is within the businessscope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Optimizing Genuineness and ComplianceVerification, or SAFE Circular 3, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits from domestic entities tooffshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution, original copies oftax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses before remitting any profits.Moreover, pursuant to SAFE Circular 3, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provide boardresolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.72Table of ContentsRegulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsSAFE issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special PurposeVehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issues Concerning theRegulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles, to regulateforeign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investment and financing orconduct round trip investment in China. SAFE Circular 37 defines a SPV as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly or indirectly, by PRC residents orentities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets or interests, while “round tripinvestment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through SPVs, namely, establishing foreigninvested enterprises to obtain theownership, control rights and management rights. SAFE Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into an SPV, PRC residents or entities be required tocomplete foreign exchange registration with SAFE or its local branch. In addition, SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving theAdministration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended SAFE Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015,requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.PRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to SPVs but had not obtained registration as required before theimplementation of the SAFE Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the SPVs with qualified banks. An amendment to the registration isrequired if there is a material change with respect to the SPV registered, such as any change of basic information (including change of the PRC residents, name andoperation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers or divisions. Failure to comply with the registrationprocedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclose controllers of the foreigninvestedenterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to itsoffshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities to penalties under PRC foreignexchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companiesby PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRCsubsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansSAFE promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan ofOverseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issued by SAFE in March 2007. Pursuant tothe Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residents participating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted companyare required to register with SAFE or its local branches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents mustconduct the SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of theoverseas publicly listed company or another qualified institution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevantSAFE registration should there be any material change to the stock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of thePRC residents who have the right to exercise the employee stock options, apply to SAFE or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreigncurrencies in connection with the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the saleof shares under the stock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRCopened by the PRC agents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.73Table of ContentsWe adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We have advised therecipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice. However, wecannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subjectthe PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016 respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014 respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our BVI holding company may rely on dividend payments from IST,which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on the ability of ourconsolidated VIEs to make remittance to IST and on the ability of IST to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations ofthose entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends andother distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you,and otherwise fund and conduct our business”E.TaxationThe following is a general summary of the material Marshall Islands, Hong Kong, BVI, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to an investmentin our units, shares of common stock and warrants to acquire our shares of common stock, sometimes referred to collectively in this summary as our “securities”.The discussion is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal or tax advice to any particular prospective purchaser. The discussion is based on lawsand relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change or different interpretations, possibly withretroactive effect. The discussion does not address United States state or local tax laws, or tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Marshall Islands, Hong Kong,the BVI, the PRC and the United States. We recommend that you consult your own tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquisition, ownership anddisposition of our securities.Marshall Islands TaxationThe following are the material Marshall Islands tax consequences of our activities to us and to our stockholders and warrant holders of investing in our CommonStock and warrants. Under current Marshall Islands law, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains, and no Marshall Islands withholding tax or income taxwill be imposed upon payments of dividends by us to our stockholders or proceeds from the disposition of our common stock and warrants, provided suchstockholders or warrant holders, as the case may be, are not residents in the Marshall Islands. There is no tax treaty between the United States and the Republic ofthe Marshall Islands.BVI TaxationThe BVI does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid to us by our BVI subsidiary, nor does the BVI levy any capital gains or income taxes on us or our BVIsubsidiary. However, our BVI subsidiary is required to pay the BVI government an annual license fee based on the number of shares it is authorized to issue.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the BVI.74Table of ContentsHong Kong TaxationOur Hong Kong subsidiaries, under the current laws of Hong Kong, are subject to profits tax of 16.5%. No provision for Hong Kong profits tax has been made asour Hong Kong subsidiaries have no taxable income.PRC TaxationWe are a holding company incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which indirectly holds our equity interests in our PRC operating subsidiaries. The EIT Law and itsimplementation rules, both of which became effective as of January 1, 2008, provide that a PRC enterprise is subject to a standard income tax rate of 25% and Chinasourced income of foreign enterprises, such as dividends paid by a PRC subsidiary to its overseas parent, will normally be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of10%, unless there are applicable treaties between the overseas parent’s jurisdiction of incorporation and China to reduce such rate.Under the Arrangement between the Mainland and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention ofFiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, or the Double Taxation Arrangement, effective as of January 1, 2007, such dividend withholding tax rate is reducedto 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns over 25% of the PRC company distributing the dividends. Under the aforesaid arrangement, any dividends that ourPRC operating subsidiaries pay to their Hong Kong holding companies may be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 5% if they are not considered to be a PRC“resident enterprise” as described below. However, if the Hong Kong holdings companies are not considered to be the “beneficial owner” of such dividends underthe Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties promulgated by the State Administration of Taxation on October 27,2009 (and not a PRC “resident enterprise”), such dividends would be subject to the withholding tax rate of 10%. The withholding tax rate of 5% or 10% applicablewill have a significant impact on the amount of dividends to be received by us and ultimately by shareholders.According to the Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties, the term “beneficial owner” refers to a person who hasthe right to own and dispose of the income and the rights or properties generated from the said income. The “beneficial owner” may be an individual, a company orany other organization which is usually engaged in substantial business operations. A conduit company is not a “beneficial owner.” The term “conduit company”refers to a company which is usually established for purposes of dodging or reducing taxes, and transferring or accumulating profits. Such a company is onlyregistered in the country of domicile to satisfy the organizational form as required by law, but it does not engage in such substantial business operations asmanufacturing, distribution and management. As our Hong Kong holding companies are controlling companies and are not engaged in substantial businessoperations, they could be considered as conduit companies by tax authorities and we do not expect them to be a beneficial owner.In addition to the changes to the current tax structure, under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto management bodies” withinChina is considered a resident enterprise and will normally be subject to an EIT of 25% on its global income. The implementing rules define the term “de factomanagement bodies” as “an establishment that exercises, in substance, overall management and control over the production, business, personnel, accounting, etc.,of a Chinese enterprise.”It remains unclear whether the PRC tax authorities would require or permit our overseas registered entities to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. We do notcurrently consider our company to be a PRC resident enterprise. However, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterpriseincome tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on ourworldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on offering proceedsand nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although under the EIT Law and its implementing rulesdividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued guidance with respect to the processing ofoutbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidance issuedwith respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation in which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to our nonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC shareholders from transferring our shares.75Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income TaxationThe following is a discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our securities. It does notpurport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s situation. The discussion applies only toholders that hold their securities as capital assets (generally property held for investment) within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based on the Code, income tax regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial positions, published positions of theInternal Revenue Service, or the IRS, and other applicable authorities, all as in effect as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly withretroactive effect. This discussion is general in nature and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations, nor does the discussion address any state, local orforeign tax considerations or any U.S. tax considerations (e.g., estate or gift tax) other than U.S. federal income tax considerations, that may be applicable toparticular holders.This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant in light of particular circumstances, nor does it address the U.S.federal income tax consequences to persons who are subject to special rules under U.S. federal income tax law, including:●banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions;●persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;●taxexempt organizations;●controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid United States federal incometax;●certain former citizens or longterm residents of the United States;●dealers in securities or currencies;●traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting for their securities holdings;●persons that own, or are deemed to own, more than five percent of our capital stock;●holders who acquired our stock as compensation or pursuant to the exercise of a stock option; or●persons who hold our shares as a position in a hedging transaction, “straddle,” or other risk reduction transaction.For purposes of this discussion, a U.S. holder is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (ii) acorporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States (or treated assuch under applicable U.S. tax laws), any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardlessof its source; or (iv) a trust if (a) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have theauthority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) it has a valid election in effect under applicable law and regulations to be treated as a U.S. person forU.S. federal income tax purposes. A nonU.S. holder is a holder that is neither a U.S. holder nor a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S.federal income tax purposes.In the case of a partnership or entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally willdepend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal incometax consequences to them of the merger or of the ownership and disposition of our shares.As a result of consummation of the Share Exchange, (i) we acquired substantially all the properties of KBS International, a U.S. corporation, and (ii) the formershareholders of KBS International held at least 80 percent of our common stock by reason of having held stock of KBS International. Accordingly, under Section7874 of the Code, we are treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as a U.S. corporation and, among other consequences, are subject to U.S. federal income tax on ourworldwide income. This discussion assumes that Section 7874 of the Code continues to apply to treat us as a U.S. corporation for all purposes under the Code. If,for some reason (e.g., future repeal of Section 7874 of the Code), we were no longer treated as a U.S. corporation under the Code, the U.S. federal income taxconsequences described herein could be materially and adversely affected.76Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. HoldersDistributionsIn the event that distributions are paid on our common stock, the gross amount of such distributions will be included in the gross income of the U.S. holder asdividend income on the date of receipt to the extent that the distribution is paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federalincome tax principles. Such dividends will be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Dividends received by noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, may be subject to reduced rates of taxation under current law. A U.S. holdermay be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed on dividends paid by us. However, the foreign tax credit rules arecomplex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 of the Code and the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and theGovernment of the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, or theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty, is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may be entitled to underthe foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.To the extent that dividends paid on our common stock exceed current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distributions will be treated first as a taxfree returnof tax basis on our common stock, and to the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds tax basis, the excess will be treated as gain from the disposition ofthose common stock. Because Section 7874 of the Code has applied to treat us as a U.S. corporation only since consummation of the Share Exchange in 2014, wemay not be able to demonstrate to the IRS the extent to which a distribution on our common stock exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (asdetermined under U.S. federal income tax principles), in which case all of such distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.Sale or Other DispositionU.S. holders of our common stock will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of common stock equal to the differencebetween the amount realized for the common stock and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the common stock. This gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss. Undercurrent law, noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, are eligible for reduced tax rates if the common stock has been held for more than one year. Thedeductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. A U.S. holder may be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed ongain from the sale or other disposition of common stock. However, the foreign tax credit rules are complex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 ofthe Code and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may beentitled to under the foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Unearned Income Medicare ContributionCertain U.S. holders who are individuals, trusts or estates are required to pay an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on, among other things, dividends on and capitalgains from the sale or other disposition of shares of stock. U.S. holders should consult their own advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this rule on their ownershipand disposition of our common stock.U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for NonU.S. HoldersDistributionsThe rules applicable to nonU.S. holders for determining the extent to which distributions on our common stock, if any, constitute dividends for U.S. federal incometax purposes are the same as for U.S. holders. See “–U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. Holders– Distributions.”77Table of ContentsAny dividends paid to a nonU.S. holder by us are treated as income derived from sources within the United States and generally will be subject to U.S. federalincome tax withholding at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends, or at a lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty if nonU.S. holdersprovide proper certification of eligibility for the lower rate (usually on IRS Form W8BEN or W8BENE). Dividends received by a nonU.S. holder that are effectivelyconnected with such holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business (and, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained bythe nonU.S. holder in the U.S.) are exempt from such withholding tax, provided that applicable certification requirements are satisfied. In such case, however, nonU.S. holders will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such dividends, net of certain deductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. In addition, corporatenonU.S. holders may be subject to an additional branch profits tax equal to 30% or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable tax treaty on dividendsreceived that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.If nonU.S. holders are eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, such nonU.S. holders may obtain a refund ofany excess amounts withheld by filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.Sale or Other DispositionExcept as described below for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, any gain realized by a nonU.S. holder upon the saleor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:criminal liability in serious cases.According to the PRC Product Quality Law, consumers or other victims who suffer injury or property losses due to product defects may demand compensation fromthe manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the corresponding amount from the manufacturer if the manufactureris responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Relating to Consumer ProtectionThe principal legal provisions for the protection of consumer interests are set forth in the Law of the PRC on Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests, or theConsumer Protection Law, which was promulgated in October 1993 amended in October 2013. The Consumer Protection Law sets forth standards of behavior thatbusinesses must observe in their dealings with consumers.Violations of the Consumer Protection Law may result in the imposition of fines. In addition, the violating entity may be ordered to suspend its operations, and itsbusiness license may be revoked. There may also be criminal liability in serious cases.According to the Consumer Protection Law, if the legal rights and interests of a consumer are violated during the purchase or use of goods, the consumer may seekcompensation from the seller. If the manufacturer or an upstream distributor is responsible, after compensating the consumer, the seller may recover thecorresponding amount from the manufacturer or the upstream distributor. Consumers or other persons who suffer personal injury or property damages due todefects in products may seek compensation from the manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the correspondingamount from the manufacturer if the manufacturer is responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Related to TrademarksThe PRC Trademark Law, adopted in 1982 and revised in 2001 and 2013, protects the proprietary rights to registered trademarks. The Trademark Office under theState Administration of Industry and Commerce handles trademark registration and grants a term of ten years to registered trademarks and another ten years totrademarks as requested upon expiry of the prior term. Trademark license agreements and transfer agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record.37Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Environmental MattersOur facilities are subject to various governmental regulations related to environmental protection. We use a myriad of chemicals in our operations and produceemissions that could pose environmental risks. Our manufacturing facilities are subject to various pollution control regulations with respect to noise, water and airpollution and the disposal of waste and hazardous materials, including, China’s Environmental Protection Law, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Appraisingof Environment Impacts, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of AirPollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution, and China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of NoisePollution. We are subject to periodic inspections by local environmental protection authorities.We did not incur material costs in environmental compliance in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016. We believe we are in material compliance with the relevant PRCenvironmental laws and regulations. We are not currently subject to any pending actions alleging any violations of applicable PRC environmental laws.Regulations Related to EmploymentThe PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law require that employers must execute written employment contracts with fulltime employees. All employers mustcompensate their employees with wages equal to at least the local minimum wage standards. Violations of the PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law may resultin the imposition of fines and other administrative sanctions, and serious violations may constitute criminal offences.On December 28, 2012, the PRC Labor Contract Law was amended with effect on July 1, 2013 to impose more stringent requirements on labor dispatch. Under suchlaw, dispatched workers are entitled to pay equal to that of fulltime employees for equal work, but the number of dispatched workers that an employer hires may notexceed a certain percentage of its total number of employees as determined by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Additionally, dispatchedworkers are only permitted to engage in temporary, auxiliary or substitute work. According to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch promulgated by theMinistry of Human Resources and Social Security on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014, the number of dispatched workers hired by anemployer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees (including both directly hired employees and dispatched workers). The Interim Provisions onLabor Dispatch require employers not in compliance with the PRC Labor Contract Law in this regard to reduce the number of its dispatched workers to below 10% ofthe total number of its employees prior to March 1, 2016.Enterprises in China are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in certain employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pensionplan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a workrelated injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund,and contribute to the plans or funds in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of the employees as specified by thelocal government from time to time at locations where they operate their businesses or where they are located. The enterprise may be ordered to pay the full amountwithin a deadline if it fails to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans and may be subject to fines and other administrative sanctions.Regulations Relating to Foreign ExchangeRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued by theState Administration of Foreign Exchange and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade andservice payments, payment of interest and dividends can be made without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange by following theappropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRCfor the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange or its local office.38Table of ContentsOn February 13, 2015, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency ManagementPolicy on Direct Investment, effective from June 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign directinvestment and overseas direct investment from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for thepurpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed with qualified banks, which, under the supervision of the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to this Circular, a foreigninvested enterprise may,according to its actual business needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchangebureau has confirmed monetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the timebeing, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shalltruthfully use its capital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equityinvestment with the amount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open acorresponding Account for Foreign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of theState Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts waspromulgated and became effective on June 9, 2016. According to this Circular, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreigncurrency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionary basis. This Circular provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items(including but not limited to foreign currency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. ThisCircular reiterates the principle that Renminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposesbeyond its business scope and may not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guaranteethe principal within the PRC unless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless itis within the business scope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration andOptimizing Genuineness and Compliance Verification, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits fromdomestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution,original copies of tax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses beforeremitting any profits. Moreover, pursuant to this Circular, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provideboard resolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and RoundtripInvestment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Issues Concerning the Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore SpecialPurpose Vehicles, to regulate foreign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investmentand financing or conduct round trip investment in China. Circular 37 defines a “special purpose vehicle” as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly orindirectly, by PRC residents or entities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets orinterests, while “round trip investment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through special purpose vehicles, namely, establishingforeigninvested enterprises to obtain the ownership, control rights and management rights. Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into a specialpurpose vehicle, PRC residents or entities be required to complete foreign exchange registration with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranch. In addition, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the ForeignExchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015, requiring PRC residents or entities toregister with qualified banks rather than the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.39Table of ContentsPRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to special purpose vehicles but had not obtained registration asrequired before the implementation of the Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the special purpose vehicles with qualified banks. Anamendment to the registration is required if there is a material change with respect to the special purpose vehicle registered, such as any change of basic information(including change of the PRC residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers ordivisions. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclosecontrollers of the foreigninvested enterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchangeactivities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, sharetransfer or liquidation, to its offshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities topenalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating toinvestments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our abilityto inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic IndividualsParticipating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issuedby the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in March 2007. Pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residentsparticipating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted company are required to register with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents must conduct the registration and other procedures withrespect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of the overseas publicly listed company or another qualifiedinstitution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevant registration should there be any material change to thestock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of the PRC residents who have the right to exercise the employeestock options, apply to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreign currencies in connectionwith the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the sale of shares under thestock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRC opened by the PRCagents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.We have adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we will have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We haveadvised the recipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.However, we cannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock IncentivePlan Notice. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plansmay subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016, respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014, respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our Marshall Islands holding company may rely on dividend paymentsfrom Hongri PRC, which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on theability of our other PRC subsidiaries to make remittance to Hongri PRC and on the ability of Hongri PRC to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cashgenerated by the operations of those entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We rely to a significant extent on dividends and otherdistributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiary to fund offshore cash and financing requirements.”40Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Overseas ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the StateOwned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective onSeptember 8, 2006 and was amended on June 22, 2009. These regulations, among other things, require that (i) PRC entities or individuals obtain approval from theMinistry of Commerce before they establish or control a special purpose vehicle overseas, provided that they intend to use the special purpose vehicle to acquiretheir equity interests in a PRC company at the consideration of newly issued share of the special purpose vehicle, or Share Swap, and list their equity interests in thePRC company overseas by listing the special purpose vehicle in an overseas market; (ii) the special purpose vehicle obtains approval from the Ministry ofCommerce before it acquires the equity interests held by the PRC entities or PRC individual in the PRC company by Share Swap; and (iii) the special purpose vehicleobtains China Securities Regulatory Commission approval before it lists overseas. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The approval ofthe China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with this offering under a PRC regulation. The regulation also establishes more complexprocedures for acquisitions conducted by foreign investors that could make it more difficult for us to grow through acquisitions.”Regulations Relating to TaxationDividend Withholding TaxIn March 2007, the National People’s Congress enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law which became effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on February 24,2017. According to Enterprise Income Tax Law, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a foreigninvested enterprise in China to its foreignenterprise investors are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that providesfor a preferential withholding arrangement. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Negotiated Reduction of Dividends and Interest Rates,issued on January 29, 2008 and supplemented and revised on February 29, 2008, and the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, which became effective onDecember 8, 2006 and applicable to income derived in any year of assessment commencing on or after April 1, 2007 in Hong Kong and in any year commencing on orafter January 1, 2007 in the PRC, such withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong enterprise is deemed the beneficial owner of any dividend paid by aPRC subsidiary by PRC tax authorities and holds at least 25% of the equity interest in that particular PRC subsidiary at all times within the 12month periodimmediately prior to the distribution of the dividends. Furthermore, pursuant to the Announcement on Issues concerning “Beneficial Owners” in Tax Treaties issuedon February 3, 2018 by the State Administration of Taxation, when determining the status of “beneficial owners,” a comprehensive analysis may be conductedthrough materials such as articles of association, financial statements, records of capital flows, minutes of board of directors, resolutions of board of directors,allocation of manpower and material resources, the relevant expenses, functions and risk assumption, loan contracts, royalty contracts or transfer contracts, patentregistration certificates and copyright certificates, etc. However, even if an applicant has the status as a “beneficiary owner,” if the competent tax authority findsnecessity to apply the principal purpose test clause in the tax treaties or the general antitax avoidance rules stipulated in domestic tax laws, the general antitaxavoidance provisions shall apply.Enterprise Income TaxIn December 2007, the State Council promulgated the Implementing Rules of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008. TheEnterprise Income Tax Law and its relevant implementing rules (i) impose a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate, which is applicable to both foreigninvestedenterprises and domestic enterprises (ii) permits companies to continue to enjoy their existing tax incentives, subject to certain transitional phaseout rules and(iii) introduces new tax incentives, subject to various qualification criteria.41Table of ContentsThe Enterprise Income Tax Law also provides that enterprises organized under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies”located within China may be considered PRC resident enterprises and therefore be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwideincome. The implementing rules further define the term “de facto management body” as the management body that exercises substantial and overall managementand control over the production and operations, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. If an enterprise organized under the laws of jurisdictionoutside China is considered a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, itwould be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. Second, a 10% withholding tax would be imposed on dividends itpays to its nonPRC enterprise shareholders and with respect to gains derived by its nonPRC enterprise shareholders from transfer of its shares.On October 17, 2017, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Bulletin on Issues Concerning the Withholding of NonPRC Resident Enterprise Income Tax atSource, or Bulletin 37, which replaced the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by NonPRC Resident Enterprisesissued by the State Administration of Taxation on December 10, 2009, and partially replaced and supplemented rules under the Bulletin on Issues of EnterpriseIncome Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by NonPRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7, issued by the State Administration of Taxation on February 3, 2015.Under Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by nonPRC resident enterprises may be recharacterizedand treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose ofavoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. In respect of anindirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the relevant gain is to be regarded as effectively connected with the PRC establishment and thereforeincluded in its enterprise income tax filing, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relatesto the immoveable properties in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not effectively connected to a PRC establishment of a nonresident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax at 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similararrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Pursuant to Bulletin 37, the withholding party shalldeclare and pay the withheld tax to the competent tax authority in the place where such withholding party is located within seven days from the date of occurrenceof the withholding obligation. Both Bulletin 37 and Bulletin 7 do not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange wheresuch shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We and our existingshareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a Chinese establishmentof a nonChinese company, or immovable properties located in China owned by nonChinese companies.”ValueAdded TaxIn November 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Pilot Plan for Imposition of ValueAdded Tax to ReplaceBusiness Tax. In March 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation further promulgated the Notice on Fully Promoting the Pilot Plan forReplacing Business Tax by ValueAdded Tax. Pursuant to this Pilot Plan and the relevant notice, value added tax at a rate of 6% is generally imposed, on anationwide basis, on the revenue generated from the provision of service in lieu of business tax in the modern service industries. Value added tax of a rate of 6%applies to revenue derived from the provision of some modern services. Unlike business tax, a taxpayer is allowed to offset the qualified input value added tax paidon taxable purchases against the output value added tax chargeable on the modern services provided.C.Organizational StructureSee “—A. History and Development of the Company—Corporate Structure” above for details of our current organizational structure.42Table of ContentsD.Property, Plants and EquipmentOur company has established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31,2018, this network was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, our company’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The facilityhas a production capacity of 2 million pieces per year and we move in upon the completion of phase 2 in year 2015. By relocating from the coastal area to AnhuiProvince, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a more stable labor supply. We manufacture a variety of menswear products, including, jeans,shirts, suits and socks. Because of its variety and complexity in the production process, these products require special sewing machines and workmanship, whichwe currently do not possess. As a result, the Company is not yet able to produce KBS branded products and has outsourced its KBS branded productmanufacturing to other established ODM and OEM manufacturers in the Fujian and Zhejiang regions. The Company has completed the second phase constructionof its new factory at the end of 2014. The second phase has an annual production capacity of 5 million pieces subject to our purchasing additional equipment.Currently Anhui factory mainly produces OEM orders and some international orders.Our production facility consists of total 110,557 square meters of land. We obtained a portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square metersand 2,440 square meters in May 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildingsand offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need foradditional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of landhas been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Oncethe construction of the new production facilities is completed, our total production capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year fromthe current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.In 2016, we closed 1 corporate store and as of December 31, 2018, we leased the premises for our sole remaining corporate store. We have undertaken variousmeasures to verify the lessees’ rights to the property leased to us in respect of its stores. In China, all land is owned by the State or other governmental bodies, and“ownership” is generally evidenced by a land use rights certificate. We rent some stores that were located in rural areas where land use rights are held collectivelyby villages and records regarding the ownership of land use rights are frequently not kept. In these cases, the company has confirmed our ability to lease the storesthrough communications with village authorities, and has reviewed electricity and water bills to confirm utilities are being paid by the parties leasing the premises tous. Based on the results of these efforts, we believe the risk of third party claims against our leases of these stores is relatively small and the measures taken by ourcompany are sufficient to verify the land use rights for all of its stores.In addition, the property used as our head office and corporate store is leased from a related party, whose ownership of the property has been verified by ourcompany. We paid a total of RMB720,000, RMB 720,000, and RMB 720,000, as rental fees for the existing corporate stores during the fiscal years 2016, 2017 and 2018,respectively. The total area of these 2 corporate stores is 158 square meters. The sales of each store and its location are shown below:AreaSales in fiscalyear 2016(USD)Sales in fiscalyear 2017(USD)Sales in fiscalyear2018(USD)Shishi factory1,240,354.74772,299691,431Quanzhou Dayang (closed in 2016)470,280.90Total:1,710,635.64772,299691,43143Table of ContentsITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot required.ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSWe are engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of casual menswear in China, including apparel and accessories, which we market under the KBSbrand. The KBS brand was developed in 2006. Before 2012, we were engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of fashion sportswear in China. Sinceour products feature a unique and stylish design that is more fashionable than traditional sportswear, as well as quality fabrics and materials and the sportswearmarket was becoming more and more competitive, in late 2011 we turned our focus on casual menswear market which has higher profit margin. KBS’s apparelproducts include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, Jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, belts and caps. In 2016, the suggestedretail prices of KBS’s products ranged from RMB199 to RMB1,499 for its apparel products and RMB15 to RMB899 for its accessory products. KBS holds newproducts launch events twice every year, one in spring and the other in autumn. Since 2006, we have launched about 1,500,536 collections of new products eachyear with a different theme to highlight the current trends for the season. KBS’s marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese.” KBS’scustomers are male middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range, primarily located in tier two and tier three cities in China. The company has adopted “KBS” as auniform brand name, which stands for “Keep Best Style”, and KBS are designed by us for a uniform look and feel that fits our brand image, with instore displaysthat accentuate the quality and style of our products across all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. We believe that the KBSbrand has become a recognized brand name in the cities where their products are sold.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors. Thenumber of stores grew significantly from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006 to 31 corporate stores as of December 31, 2012 and 96franchised stores as of December 31, 2013, and decreased to 84 stores as of December 31, 2014. Because of the recent softening of economic growing in China andfierce competition from our competitors, online store sales of franchised stores and corporate stores went down in 2015 as compared with the previous year. In 2017and 2018, the distributors closed 15 and 8 franchised stores, respectively, and we closed 1 corporate store in year 2016. We generate more revenues from OEM in2018 and intend to generate more in OEM and target area from acquisitions.KBS also acts as an original design manufacturer, or ODM, upon request. Income from such services accounted for 14%, 7.3% and 9% of revenue for the yearsended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, KBS’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The company believesthat the shortage of labor and rising wage expectations in China, especially in the coastal area, could have a material impact on our operations as well as itssuppliers’ cost of manufacturing. By relocating from the coastal area to inland Anhui Province, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a morestable labor supply. Since the company’s original production team was not ready to produce the new style KBS products, KBS has outsourced its productmanufacturing to other established ODM manufacturers. As such, KBS’s own production facility in Taihu mainly takes OEM orders from other sportswearcompanies, like Xtep. Our production facility in Taihu, Anhui Province includes three parcels of land with a total area of 110,557 square meters. We have obtainedland use rights for two parcels of land with an area of 9,845 square meters in 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction ofthe adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire theland use right of the third parcel of land. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 can be continued. Once completed, our totalproduction capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year. We do not necessarilyrely on our own production facility to satisfy the demand of our products as we may outsource some or all of the production work to various ODM and OEMmanufacturers in China.44Table of ContentsA.Principal Factors Affecting Financial PerformanceOur operating results are primarily affected by the following factors:●Growth of China’s menswear industry. With approximately onefifth of the world’s population and a fastgrowing gross domestic product, Chinarepresents a significant growth opportunity for a wide variety of retail goods, including apparel. The enhanced living standards and increased disposableincome that has resulted from the vibrant economic growth has driven the rapid development of the men’s apparel market in China in recent years. China iscurrently one of the world’s largest men’s apparel markets. As a leading provider of casual menswear in China, we believe we are well positioned tocapitalize on the favorable economic, demographic and industry trends in this sector.●Brand recognition. We derive all of our revenues from sales of the KBS branded products in China, and our success depends on the market perceptionand acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture, lifestyle and images associated with this brand. Market acceptance of our brand may affect the sellingprices and market demand for our products, the profit margin of us can achieve, and our ability to grow.●Ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network. The ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in terms of floor area in our salesnetwork affects our results of operations in a given period. The franchised stores operated by our distributors have been and will continue to be the maincontributor to our revenue for the foreseeable future. Under the distribution business model, we sell directly to our distributors and recognize revenuesupon delivery of our products to them. Such distribution network has enabled us to accelerate sales growth at a much lower cost than opening direct storesand has limited our inventory and sales risks. Corporate stores operated by us, on the other hand, despite incurring more significant capital expenditures ascompared with franchised stores, allow us more control over our brand and the consumer’s shopping experience, which are important factors for the overallsuccess of our business. In addition, our corporate store sales generally have a higher gross profit margin than sales to distributors because we are able tosell the products at retail prices directly to the endconsumers and because we recognize expenses relating to our corporate stores as selling anddistribution expenses. Therefore, the ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network will affect our gross profit margin.●Product offering and pricing. Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define menswear trends as well as to anticipate, gauge andreact to changing consumer demands for menswear in a timely manner. Most of our products are subject to changing consumer preferences and fashiontrends that cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumer acceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, andour future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes.●Fluctuations in raw material supply and prices. The per unit cost of producing our products depends on the supply and price of raw materials,particularly fabrics such as cotton, wool and polyester, which have experienced volatility in past years. Increases in the price of raw materials wouldnegatively impact our gross margins if we are not able to offset such price increases through increases in our selling price or changes in product offeringsand mix.Financial Statement PresentationRevenue. During the periods covered by this section, we generated revenue from sales of our menswear products.45Table of ContentsCost of sales. During the periods covered by this section, our cost of sales primarily consisted of the costs of our outsourcing cost, raw materials, labor andoverhead. We did not have any inward or outward freight charges as these charges are borne by our distributors and suppliers.Gross profit and gross margin. For the periods covered by this section, our gross profit is equal to the difference between our net sales and cost of sales. Our grossmargin is equal to the gross profit divided by net sales. Our gross margin may not be comparable to those of other retail entities since some retail entities include allof their distribution network costs in cost of sales and others, like us, include these expenses in another statement of operations line item.Administrative expenses. For the periods covered by this section, general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to ourgeneral management, finance and administrative staff, professional advisor fees, audit fees and other expenses incurred in connection with general operations.Selling expenses. For the periods covered by this section, our selling and marketing expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to our sales andmarketing staff, store rent, business travel, coordination with distributor marketing and promotions, transportation costs and other sales related costs.Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, both in U.S. dollars and as apercentage of or revenue.Year endedDecember 31, 2018Year ended December 31, 2017Year ended December 31, 2016Amount% of SalesAmount% of SalesAmount% of SalesRevenue18,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales20,851,252112%35,274,352148%39,041,93295%Gross (loss)/profit2,316,13712%11,511,81648%2,158,2725%Operating expensesDistribution and selling expenses2,670,95514%3,265,38014%3,606,0109%Administrative expenses4,907,02026%4,879,39721%3,543,9939%Total operating expenses7,577,97541%8,144,77634%7,150,00317%Other income122,1391%461,5642%555,0511%Other gains and losses13,522,30073%122,2441%11,123,76727%Loss from operations23,294,273126%19,317,27281%15,560,44738%Finance costs96,4441%96,3850%71,7830%Change in fair value of warrant liabilities00%00%3,4090%Loss before tax23,390,717126%19,413,65782%15,628,82138%Income tax5,422,11929%4,598,06119%3,726,1339%Loss for the year17,968,59897%14,815,59662%11,902,68829%46Table of ContentsA breakdown of revenue, percentage of revenue and percentage of gross margin by segment for the respective periods is as follows:BybusinessDistribution networkCorporate storesOEMConsolidatedYear endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Sales toexternalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205% of Sales73%63%78%13%29%13%14%7%9%100%100%100%Segmentsgrossmargins2,245,9442,277,8586,623,6175,402,99414,291,6805,727,349845,700502,0071,262,0052,316,13611,511,8162,158,273Grossmarginrate17%15%21%227%205%104%33%29%36%12%48%5%Segment salesFor the year ended December 31, 2018, total revenue decreased by 22% from $23.8 million in 2017 to $18.5 million. Our total revenue of 2017 decreased by 33% from$41.2 million to $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company reports financial and operating results in three segments: distributor network,corporate stores and OEM.Distributor Network —Revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2018 decreased by 10% from $15 million in 2017 to $13 million primarily due to adecrease in sales volume. There was a decrease of revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2017 by 53% from $32.1 million in year 2016 primarily dueto a decrease in sales volume. The distributor segment accounted for 73% of the total revenue in 2018, compared to 63% and 78% during years 2017 and 2016,respectively.In year 2018, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network increased to 17% from 15% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price of newproducts. The sales went down in year 2018 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstockduring previous periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.47Table of ContentsIn year 2017, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network decreased to 15% from 21% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price, and thesales went down in year 2017 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstock duringprevious periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.The Company’s distributor network currently consists of 11 distributors in 12 provinces. Most of these distributors, either directly or through their subdistributors,operate KBSbranded stores. Some wholesale distributors sold the products to multibranded stores and online stores. As of December 31, 2018, distributorsoperated a total of 32 KBSbranded stores, primarily in second and third tier cities. KBS products distributed to the fourth and fifth tier cities are primarily sold inmultibranded department stores.Corporate Stores — Total revenue from corporate store sale for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $6.98 million for year 2017. In 2018 sales fromcorporate store decreased as compared to 2017 due to a decrease in promotion sales of repurchased inventory from certain distributors which are unable to pay offthe debts owed to us.Total revenue from corporate store sales for fiscal year 2017 was $6.98 million, compared to $5.53 million for year 2016. In 2017 sales from corporate stores increasedas compared to 2016 due to an increase in sales volume, which in turn was mainly attributable to the increase in promotion sales on repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors which are unable to pay off the debts owed to us.As of December 31, 2018, we operated 1 corporate store which located in Fujian. Total revenue from corporate store sales of 2018 decreased as compared to 2017because of the decrease the promotion sales of repurchased inventory.The corporate store segment contributed 14% of total revenue in 2018, compared to 29% of 2017 and 13% of 2016. Gross profit margin for the Company’s corporatestore was 232% in 2018, compared to 205% in 2017 and 104% in 2016. The margin compression from 2016 to 2018 is primarily due to: 1) close of 1 corporate store in2016 and the sale of its inventory at a lower price; 2) reduction of sale price of our goods in corporate stores to stimulate sales; 3) loss from sales of repurchasedinventory from certain distributors which sold at big discounted price in year 2017 and year 2018.OEM — The OEM segment is comprised of products that are designed by the customers but manufactured by us. Revenue from the OEM segment increased by$0.83 million to $2.57 million for year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017. Gross profit margin increased to 33%from 29% of year 2017. Revenue from the OEM segment decreased by $1.79 million to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $3.53 million foryear ended December 31, 2016. Gross profit margin decreased to 29% from 36% of year 2016. Our revenues from sales of OEM represented 14%, 9% and 9%,respectively of our total revenues for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.Cost of sales and gross profit rateCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for production purpose,outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges and water and electricity.Our cost of sales decreased from $35 million in year 2017 to $21 million in year 2018. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017.The gross profit rate increased from 48% in year 2017 to 12% in year 2018 due to 1) a decrease in the number of promotion sales in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, whichcaused a loss at RMB 40 million; 2) the higher price of updated new products and improvement of products quality; 3) higher profit margin of OEM segments due tolower amortized fixed fees from big orders from certain customers. In order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continuedoperation, we decided to continue to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors in 2018 and thereafter.48Table of ContentsOur cost of sales decreased from $39 million in year 2016 to $35 million in year 2017. The decrease was consistent with the decrease in our revenue, which resulted ina decrease in purchases by $7 million. The decrease in purchases was mainly due to a challenging retail environment and close of some stores.The gross profit rate decreased from 5% in year 2016 to 48% in year 2017 due to 1) a decrease in the number of our franchised stores from 55 as of December 31,2016 to 40 as of December 31, 2017; 2) in order to make more fair and friendly business environment for our all distributors, we adjusted our price policy to havesame price to our district distributors and province distributors in 2017, the price sell to the district distributor is lower than before. 3) a slowdown in demand inmenswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and our distributors faceddifficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 141.42 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million. Although we are not contractually obligated to buy back the excessiveinventory from any our distributors, in order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continued operation, we decided to do same in2017 to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors and we may implement similar plans in the following years.Administrative expensesAdministrative expenses increased by $0.02 million or 1% to $4.9 million for year 2018 from $4.88 million for 2017. The change was mainly due to the decrease ofoutsourcing design expense and the increase of the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Administrative expenses increased by $1.34 million or 37% to $4.88 million for year 2017 from $3.54 million for 2016. The increase was mainly due to the increase indesign staff expenses and the increase attributable to the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Distribution and selling expensesThe selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.59 million or 18% to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $ 3.2 million in 2017, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expense, products promotion expenses and entertainment expenses.The selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.34 million or 9.45% to $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $ 3.6 million in 2016, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expenses and promotion expense of products including placement order meeting expense.The advertisement expenses of 2018, 2017 and 2016 are relatively even and selling expenses accounted for 6.6%, 7.5% and 9% for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Other gains and lossesOther gains and losses increased by $13.4 million, or 10,875%, to $13.52 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $0.12 million for year 2017. The increasewas mainly due to the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value.Other gains and losses decreased by $11 million, or 98.9%, to $0.12 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $11.1 million for year 2016. The decrease wasmainly due to the fact that there was no additional provision on bad debts from three clients as in 2016.Profit for the yearWe had a loss of $18 million in 2018 as compared to a loss of $14.81 million for 2017, representing a decrease of profit of $3 million or 21%. Net margin was 97% forthe year ended December 31, 2018, compared to 62% for the year ended December 31, 2017.49Table of ContentsWe had a loss of $14.81 million in 2017 as compared to a loss of $11.9 million for 2016, representing a decrease of profit of $2.91 million or 25%. Net margin was 62%for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 29% for the year ended December 31, 2016.Profit for the year decreased from 2018 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons:(1)the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value (2) thedistribution and selling expenses decreased to a small portion of total revenue and the revenue also decreased compared to year ended December 31, 2017; (3) aslowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brands, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling products and paying back the balance owed to us. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 40 million.Profit for the year decreased from 2016 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons: (1) the administrative expenses increased to a large portion of total revenue; and(2) slowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 141.42 millionfrom certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million.B.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesAs of December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $21,026,103. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and cash in the banks. Webelieve that our current levels of cash and cash equivalent and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next12 months. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through net cash flow from operations. Our cash flows are driven by key performance indicatorsincluding the number of orders placed by distributors, number of outlets that each distributor operates the pricing of our products, sales of our corporate stores, andthe collect portion of account receivable. Currently there is only minimal cash held by offshore subsidiaries and there is no need for these subsidiaries to transfercash to Hongri PRC.The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this report:Fiscal Year Ended December 31201820172016Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(3,703,354)$1,922,252$3,194,287Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities52,932(865,365)45,445Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(3,907,291)(39,024)4,919,241Effects of exchange rate change in cash(1,117,062)1,513,138(1,556,980)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080Cash and cash equivalent at end of the period$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,34150Table of ContentsOperating ActivitiesThe net cash provided by operating activities consists of profit before tax, as adjusted by finance costs, change in fair value of warrant liabilities, interest income,shared based compensation, bad debt allowance, depreciation of property, plant and equipment, amortization of prepaid lease payment and trademark, amortizationof subsidies prepaid to distributors, amortization of prepayment and premiums under operating leases, provision(Reversal) of inventory obsolescence, provision ofimpairment loss in prepayments, loss(gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment, deferred income tax, which include trade and other receivables, prepaymentand deferred expenses, inventory, trade and other payables.Net cash used in operating activities in fiscal year 2018 was $3.7 million, compared with net cash provided by operating activities of $1.9 million in the year endedDecember 31, 2017. The change is mainly due to the increase of provision of Anhui property and the increase of deferred tax due to the loss of fiscal year 2018.Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.9 million, compared with $3.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2016. The change is mainlydue to the decrease in the amount of collection of account receivable.Investing ActivitiesNet cash provided by investing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.05 million, compared with $0.8 million net cash used in investing activities in 2017. The net cashprovided in investing activities in 2018 was interest received from our bank deposits.Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $0.8 million, compared with $0.04 million net cash provided by investing activities in 2016. The net cashused in investing activities in 2017 was to purchase fire protection facility.Financing ActivitiesNet cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.26 million, compared with $1.1 million net cash used in financing activities in 2017. It mainly consistedof repayment of bank loans in 2018.Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.1 million, compared with $1.68 million net cash provided by financing activities in 2016. It mainlyconsisted of interests paid for our bank loans.Loans, Other Commitments, ContingenciesAs of December 31, 2018, we had bank loans in an amount of $1,092,785. We may, however, in the future, require additional cash resources due to changing businessconditions, implementation of our strategy to expand our business or other investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our own financial resources areinsufficient to satisfy the capital requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain additional credit facilities. The sale of additionalequity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require usto agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overallbusiness prospects.C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.Our industry is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and changing customer demands. These conditions require continuousexpenditures on product research and development to enhance existing products create new products and avoid product obsolescence. See Item 3 “Key Information—D. Risk Factors—If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected,” —“Ifwe are unable to keep pace with the rapid technological changes in our industry, demand for our products and services could decline which would adversely affectour revenue,” and —“Our technology may become obsolete which could materially adversely affect our ability to sell our products and services.” For a detailedanalysis of research and development costs, see Item 5.A. “Operating Results—Results of Operations—Research and development expenses”.D.Trend InformationOther than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that wouldcause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.E.Off Balance Sheet ArrangementsWe do not have any off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes infinancial condition, sales or expenses, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures, or capital resources that are material to an investment in our securities.51Table of ContentsF.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual ObligationsThe table below shows our material contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018.Payments Due by PeriodLess than1 year13 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsContractual ObligationsConstruction Obligations$64,088,236Operating Lease Obligations$78,532146,7052,225,030Total$64,166,768146,7052,225,030Anhui Factory Construction ContractOn November 20, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party for the construction of a new plant with a total size of 110,557 square meters, atTaihu City, Anhui at a consideration of RMB 690 million (equivalent to approximately $104 million). This is the frame contract for the construction of Anhui factoryand round estimation. By December 31, 2016 we had already paid about $37.75 million in total on the phase 1, 2, 3 of construction based on detailed phase contractand the balance of construction cost of the Anui factory need to be determined based on the ontime budget on every phase. The majority of funds for constructionexpenses came from the cash balance on the account as of December 31, 2018 and the new profit of following year.Anhui Land Use Right Acquisition ContractOn September 2, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party to acquire a land use right in relation to the development of factories in Taihu City,Anhui Province, at a total consideration of RMB 43 million (approximately $6.3 million). Full consideration was paid in September 2010. There are three parts of theland. The Company has obtained land use rights certificates for the first parcel of land with 7,405 square meters on March 19, 2012, and the second parcel of landwith 2,440 square meters on May 26, 2012. The Company is currently in the process of obtaining the land use right certificate for the third parcel of the land with100,712 square meters.Except as set forth above, we have no other material longterm debt, capital or operating lease or fixed purchase obligations.InflationInflation and changing prices have not had a material effect on our business, and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect ourbusiness in the foreseeable future. However, our management will closely monitor price changes in the Chinese economy and the apparel industry and continuallymaintain effective cost controls in operations.52Table of ContentsSeasonalityOur business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal. Historically, we have realized more of our revenue and earnings in the fourth quarter, which includes themajority of the holiday shopping season, than in any other fiscal quarter.Critical Accounting PoliciesThe preparation of financial statements is in conformity with IFRS as issued by the IASB. It requires the Company’s management to make assumptions, estimatesand judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. The Company hasidentified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of Company’s financial statements. These accounting policies are important for anunderstanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of theCompany’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to makeestimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitivebecause of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly frommanagement’s current judgments. The Company believes the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in thepreparation of the Company’s financial statements.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects the considerationto which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled in exchange fortransferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that asignificant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration issubsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to the customerfor more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would be reflected in a separatefinancing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financing component which provides theCompany a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interest expense accreted on the contract liabilityunder the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services is oneyear or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component, using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of the goods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receiptsover the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.53Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with thedividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. Revenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer. Revenue from allabove categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of thetransaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered and title has passed.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting the deductible inputVAT of the period, is VAT payable.54Table of ContentsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial periodof time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use orsale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal government retirementbenefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fund their retirementbenefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal government takes responsibility for theretirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly, the only obligation of the Groupwith respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employment with the Group. There are no provisionsunder the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans are considered defined contribution plans. The Grouphas no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixed contributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pensionschemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service is performed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised inother comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Groupoperates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable taxregulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred taxassets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which thosedeductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or fromthe initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accountingprofit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able to control thereversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising fromdeductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profitsagainst which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.55Table of ContentsThe carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficienttaxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based ontax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assetsreflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carryingamount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when thedeferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities wherethere is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, inwhich case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arisesfrom the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.Store preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll and supplies.The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenses when occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases areclassified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes. Leaseholdimprovements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes other thanconstruction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful lives and aftertaking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction in progressis carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment whencompleted and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for theirintended use.56Table of ContentsAn item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of theasset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) isincluded in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.The Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights to use theland on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizable valuerepresents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fair valuethrough profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model formanaging them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the practicalexpedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus in the case of a financialasset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group hasapplied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance with the policies set out for “Revenue recognition(applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cash flowsthat are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established by regulation orconvention in the marketplace.57Subsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognised inthe income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversals arerecognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair value changes arerecognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive income is recycled to theincome statement.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under HKAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. The classification isdetermined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statement when theright of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and the amount of the dividendcan be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains arerecorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income are not subject to impairmentassessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value throughprofit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for thepurpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading unless they aredesignated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interest are classified and measured atfair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to be classified at amortised cost or at fairvalue through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition ifdoing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.58Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in theincome statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separate derivative if theeconomic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet thedefinition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changesin fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cashflows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between thecontractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the originaleffective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to thecontractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are providedfor credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been asignificant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespectiveof the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. When making theassessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on thefinancial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort,including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider afinancial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full beforetaking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering thecontractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the general approach andthey are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach as detailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured at anamount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets and for whichthe loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the loss allowance ismeasured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs59Simplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of asignificant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not track changes incredit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on itshistorical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt the simplifiedapproach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed from theGroup’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to what extent, ithas retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset nortransferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Groupalso recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that theGroup has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and the maximumamount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’sfinancial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.Subsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method unless theeffect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement when the liabilities arederecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.60Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantiallymodified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference between therespective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right tooffset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to the contractualprovisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financialassets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.The Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. Theeffective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of theeffective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, where appropriate, a shorter period tothe net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.61Table of ContentsReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including trade and otherreceivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment (seeaccounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a resultof one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have been affected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequently assessed forimpairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience of collecting payments,and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national or local economic conditions thatcorrelate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between the asset’scarrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.The carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables, where thecarrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized in profit or loss. When atrade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off arecredited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment losseswas recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset at the date theimpairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.G.Safe HarborSee “Introductory Notes—ForwardLooking Information.”62Table of ContentsITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEESA.Directors and Senior ManagementThe following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors and senior management, as well as employees upon whose work we are dependent, as ofthe date of this annual report.NAMEAGEPOSITIONKeyan Yan47Chairman and Chief Executive OfficerThemis Kalapotharakos44Executive DirectorLixiaTu37Chief Financial Officer and DirectorJohn Sano49Independent DirectorMatthew C. Los54Independent DirectorZhongmin Zhang76Independent DirectorYuet Mei Chan38Independent DirectorMr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has been the Chairman of our board of directors and Chief Executive Officer since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr.Yan has over 16 years of senior management experience. He served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of KBS International between March 2011 and August2014. From 1994 to present, Mr. Yan has served as general manager of Hongri PRC. Prior to joining us, Mr. Yan served as workshop manager, production managerand marketing manager of Zhenshi Knitting Factory in Shishi, China from 19891994. Mr. Yan obtained a certificate of corporate management from Xiamen Universityin 1992.Ms. Lixia Tu. Ms. Tu became the Company’s Chief Financial Officer on June 25, 2015. Ms. Tu has more than night years of accounting and audit experience, familiarwith IFRS, US GAAP, SarbanesOxley and the compliance requirements of SEC. After she worked as a project manager at BDO China Fu Jian SHU LUN PANCertified Public Accountants for four years, she worked as a CFO or a financial consultant for some other companies. Ms. Tu holds a Master’s degree inprofessional accounting from the University of Deakin in Australia. Ms. Tu is also a member of the Chartered Association of Certified Accountants.Mr. Themis Kalapotharakos. Mr. Kalapotharakos became our executive director on June 15, 2015. Mr. Kalapotharakos has acquired a range of expertise of a widespectrum of business activities. He has extensive highlevel experience at the Shipping, Trading and Finance industries where he has founded, developed andoperated various businesses starting from the ground up. His roles involved regular communication and coordination with investors, financial institutions, capitalmarket authorities, custodian and administrative banks, auditors and legal counsel. He holds a Bachelor’s degree from Cardiff University and an MSc Degree fromCass Business School in the UK.John Sano. Mr. Sano has been an independent director of the Company since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr. Sano has over 20 years ofexperience in apparel & home furnishings concept, design, sourcing, production, and ecommerce. He has extensive experience in all aspects of the retail clothingsupply chain, from conceptualization to final production and distribution. Mr. Sano has also advised and worked closely with numerous top brands in the US. Hehas been General Director of Sano Design Services since 2002. Mr. Sano has an associate’s degree in interior design from Traphagen School of Design.Mr. Matthew C. Los. Mr. Los became our director on October 8, 2015. Mr. Los has acquired a range of expertise of a wide spectrum of business activities. He hasover 20 years’ experience at high level management, and has founded, developed and operated various businesses in the shipping, energy, telecommunications realestate industries starting from the ground up. He also has experience in the capital markets and was the CEO of Aquasition Corp., the predecessor of the Company,prior to the Share Exchange. Mr. Los has a BSc in Mechanical Engineering and Computer Aided Design from University of Westminster in the UK.Mr. Zhongmin Zhang. Mr. Zhang became our director on July 10, 2017. He has over 45 years of extensive experience in many facets of textile business, including inproduction, marketing, and management. Currently, Mr. Zhang is the president of Zhengzhou Guangda Textile Printing & Dyeing Co., Ltd. which has an annualproduction of 216 million meters of various textile products, with a value of RMB 800 million. Holding a title of Senior Engineer, Mr. Zhang graduated from HarbinInstitute of Technology in 1965. He also has certificates in finance management and civil law.Mr. Yuet Mei Chan. Ms. Chan became our director on July 10, 2017. She has over 15 years of experience in the banking industry. She held several senior positions ina prestigious bank in Hong Kong from 20012016. She is currently a financial consultant at AIA and specializes in analyzing financial situations and market trends.Ms. Chan holds a diploma in Computing and Business Studies from Hong Kong St. Perth College.No family relationship exists between any of the persons named above.63Table of ContentsB.CompensationIn 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $207,268 in cash as compensation to our directors and senior management as a group, and some of our directors andexecutive officers also received compensation in the form of annual salaries and bonuses. We do not set aside or accrue any amounts for pension, retirement orother benefits for our directors and senior management. However, we reimburse our directors for outofpocket expenses incurred in connection with their services insuch capacity.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to our executive officers and directors as compensations for theirservices. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to the Company’s executiveofficers, directors and certain employees as compensations for their service. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.2018 Equity Incentive PlanOn December 24, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2018 Plan, pursuant to which the Company may offerup to two million shares of common stock as equity incentives to its directors, employees and consultants. Such number of shares is subject to adjustment in theevent of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, stock splits, stock dividends, or other change in the corporate structure of the Companyaffecting the shares issuable under the 2018 Plan. As of December 31, 2018, we have not granted any equity awards under the 2018 Plan.The following paragraphs summarize the terms of our 2018 Plan:Purpose. The purposes of the 2018 Plan are to promote the longterm growth and profitability of the Company and its affiliates by stimulating the efforts ofemployees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates who are selected to be participants, aligning the longterm interests of participants with thoseof shareholders, heightening the desire of participants to continue in working toward and contributing to our success, attracting and retaining the best availablepersonnel for positions of substantial responsibility, and generally providing additional incentive for them to promote the success of our business through the grantof awards of or pertaining to our common stock. The 2018 Plan permits the grant of ISOs, NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share AppreciationRights, Performance Units and Performance Shares as the administrator of the 2018 Plan may determine.Administration. The 2018 Plan is administered by our Board. The administrator has the authority to determine the specific terms and conditions of all awards grantedunder the 2018 Plan, including, without limitation, the number of shares of common stock subject to each award, the price to be paid for the shares and the applicablevesting criteria. The administrator has discretion to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2018 Plan.Eligibility. NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share Appreciation Rights, Performance Units and Performance Shares may be granted to employees,directors or consultants either alone or in combination with any other awards. ISOs may be granted only to employees of the Company, and of any parent orsubsidiary.Shares Available for Issuance Under the 2018 Plan. Subject to adjustment as described below, (a) the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issuedunder the 2018 Plan is 2,000,000 shares of common stock, (b) to the extent consistent with Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the“Code”), not more than an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of common stock may be issued under ISOs, and (c) not more than 200,000 shares of common stock (or forawards denominated in cash, the Fair Market Value of 200,000 shares of common stock on the Grant Date, as defined in the 2018 Plan), may be awarded to anyindividual participant in the aggregate in any one fiscal year of the Company, such limitation to be applied in a manner consistent with the requirements of, and onlyto the extent required for compliance with, the exclusion from the limitation on deductibility of compensation under Code Section 162(m). The number and class ofshares available under the 2018 Plan are subject to adjustment in the event of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, share splits, sharedividends, or other similar events which change the number or kind of shares outstanding.64Table of ContentsTransferability. Unless otherwise provided in the 2018 Plan or otherwise determined by the administrator, an award may not be sold, pledged, assigned,hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution and may be exercised, during the lifetime of theparticipant, only by the participant. However, the administrator may, at or after the grant of an award other than an ISO, provide that such award may be transferredby the recipient to a “family member” (as defined in the 2018 Plan); provided, however, that any such transfer is without payment of any consideration whatsoeverand that no transfer shall be valid unless first approved by the administrator, acting in its sole discretion, and as required by our Amended and Restated Articles ofIncorporation. If the administrator makes an award transferable, such award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the administrator deemsappropriate.Termination of, or Amendments to, the 2018 Plan. The Board may at any time amend, alter, suspend or terminate the 2018 Plan, provided that the Company willobtain shareholder approval of any 2018 Plan amendment to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with applicable Laws. No amendment, alteration,suspension or termination of the 2018 Plan will impair the rights of any participant, unless mutually agreed otherwise between the participant and the administrator,which agreement must be in writing and signed by the participant and the Company. Termination of the 2018 Plan will not affect the administrator’s ability to exercisethe powers granted to it hereunder with respect to awards granted prior to the date of such termination.The 2018 Plan will terminate five years following the date it was adopted by the Board, unless sooner terminated by the Board.Employment AgreementsPlease refer to Item 10 “Additional Information—C. Material Contracts.”C.Board PracticesOur board of directors currently consists of seven members, Keyan Yan, Lixia Tu, John Sano, Themis Kalapotharakos, Matthew C. Los, Yuet Mei Chan andZhongmin Zhang.The Board has established the Audit Committee, which is comprised entirely of independent directors. From time to time, the Board may establish other committees.Audit CommitteeOur Audit Committee is currently composed of three members: Yuet Mei Chan, John Sano and Matthew C. Los. Our Board of Directors determined that each memberof the Audit Committee meets the independence criteria prescribed by applicable regulation and the rules of the SEC for audit committee membership. Each AuditCommittee member also meets NASDAQ’s financial literacy requirements. Matthew C. Los serves as Chair of the Audit Committee.Our Board of Directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is the “audit committee financial expert” as such term is defined in Item 407(d) of Regulation SKpromulgated by the SEC and also meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements.The Audit Committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our Company. The Audit Committee isresponsible for, among other things:●the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the independent auditor;●reviewing and preapproving all auditing services and permissible nonaudit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed by theindependent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed relatedparty transactions;●discussing the interim and annual financial statements with management and our independent auditors;●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor (a) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls, (b) theCompany’s internal audit procedures, and (c) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, and managementreports thereon;65Table of Contents●reviewing reported violations of the Company’s code of conduct and business ethics; and●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor various topics and events that may have significant financial impact on theCompany or that are the subject of discussions between management and the independent auditors.D.EmployeesAs of December 31, 2018, we employed 370 fulltime employees. The following table sets forth the number of our fulltime employees by function. FunctionNumber ofEmployeesManagement and Administration28Marketing, Sales and Distribution18Design and Product Development20Production281Procurement, Warehousing and Logistics19Quality and Assurance7TOTAL370We believe that we have maintained a satisfactory working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any significant labor disputes or anydifficulty in recruiting staff for company’s operations. None of company’s employees is represented by a labor union.Our employees in China participate in a state pension plan organized by Chinese municipal and provincial governments. The company is required to make monthlycontributions to the plan for each employee at the rate of 23% of his or her average assessable salary. In addition, the company is required by Chinese law to coveremployees in China with various types of social insurance. The company believes that it is in material compliance with the relevant PRC laws.E.Share OwnershipThe following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of each class of our voting securities as of April 26, 2019 (i) by each person who is knownby us to beneficially own more than 5% of our voting securities; (ii) by each of our officers and directors; and (iii) by all of our officers and directors as a group.NameOffice, If AnyTitle of ClassAmount andNature ofBeneficialOwnership(1)Percent ofClass(2)Officers and DirectorsKeyan Yan(3)Chairman, CEO and PresidentCommon Stock964,32037.21%Lixia TuChief Financial Officer and DirectorCommon Stock60,0002.32%Themis KalapotharakosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%John SanoDirectorCommon Stock5,0000.19%Matthew C. LosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%Zhongmin ZhangDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%Yuet Mei ChanDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%All officers and directors as a group (7 personsnamed above)1,129,32043.58%5% Security HoldersKeyan Yan (3)Common Stock964,32037.21%Alliance Investment Management Limited(4)Common Stock195,488(4)7.54%*Less than 1%(1)Beneficial Ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Eachof the beneficial owners listed above has direct ownership of and sole voting power and investment power with respect to our common stock.66Table of Contents(2)As of April 26, 2019, a total of 2,591,299 shares of commons stock are considered to be outstanding pursuant to SEC Rule 13d3(d)(1). For each Beneficial Ownerabove, any securities that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days have been included in the denominator.(3)Includes 20,000 shares of common stock owned by Bizhen Chen, Mr. Yan’s wife.(4)Based solely on Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on August 8, 2018, in which Alliance Investment Management reported it has sole voting and dispositivepower with respect to 195,488 shares of our common stock. The address of the reporting person is 7 Belmont Road, Kingston, Jamaica.None of our existing shareholders has voting rights that differ from the voting rights of other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at asubsequent date, result in our change in control.ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSA.Major ShareholdersPlease refer to Item 6 “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.”B.Related Party TransactionsFrom time to time, KBS and its subsidiaries borrowed money from our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Keyan Yan, to pay for Company expenses. Theseamounts are interestfree, unsecured and repayable on demand. In years 2017 and 2016, Mr. Yan paid all the Company expenses in connection with the Company’sNasdaq continued listing and SEC reporting out of his pocket. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of these amounts we borrowed from Mr. Yan was$485,302 and $35,483, respectively.C.Interests of Experts and CounselNot applicable.ITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATIONA.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial InformationFinancial StatementsWe have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this report. See Item 18 “Financial Statements.”Legal Proceedings We may be subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our business from time to time. We are currently not party to anylegal or arbitration proceedings, including those relating to bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings and those involving any third party, which may have, orhave had in the recent past, significant effects on our financial position or profitability.Dividend PolicyTo date, we have not paid any cash dividends on our shares. As a Marshall Islands company, we may only declare and pay dividends except when the corporationis insolvent or would thereby be made insolvent or when the declaration or payment would be contrary to any restrictions contained in our Articles ofIncorporation. Dividends may be declared and paid out of surplus only; but in case there is no surplus, dividends may be declared or paid out of the net profits forthe fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and for the preceding fiscal year. We currently anticipate that we will retain any available funds to finance thegrowth and operation of our business and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our cash held in foreign countriesmay be subject to certain control limitations or repatriation requirements, limiting our ability to use this cash to pay dividends.67Table of ContentsB.Significant ChangesNo significant change has occurred since the date of our consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTINGA.Offer and Listing DetailsOur common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market and trade under the symbol “KBSF.” Between January 23, 2013 and November 3, 2014, our commonstock was traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “AQU.” Our Warrants and Units are quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “KBSFW”and “KBSFU”, respectively. Prior to November 3, 2014, our Warrants and Units were quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “AQUUF” and “AQUUU”,respectively. Before their quotation on the OTC Markets, our Units commenced to trade on the Nasdaq Stock Market on October 26, 2012 and our Warrantscommenced to trade separately from its Units on January 23, 2013.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.Approximate Number of Holders of Our SecuritiesOn April 26, 2019, there was 1 holder of record of our Units, 359 shareholders of record of our common stock and 1 holder of record of our Warrants. Certain of oursecurities are held in nominee or street name so the actual number of beneficial owners of our securities is greater than the number of record holders set forth above.B.Plan of DistributionNot applicable.C.MarketsSee our disclosures above under “A. Offer and Listing Details.”D.Selling ShareholdersNot applicable. E.DilutionNot applicable.F.Expenses of the IssueNot applicable.68Table of ContentsITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONA.Share CapitalOur Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation authorize the Company to issue up to 155,000,000 shares with a par value of $0.0001, consisting of 150,000,000shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of date of this report, there are 2,591,299 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Wehave never issued any preferred stock.●As of date of this report, we have 717 IPO Units outstanding.●As of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding (including 369,302 IPO Warrants and 24,534 Placement Warrants), each warrant entitles theholder to purchase one share of common stock at a purchase price of $172.5.B.Memorandum and Articles of AssociationThe following represents a summary of certain key provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. The summary does not purport to be a summary of allof the provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. For more complete information you should read our amended and restated articles ofincorporation and bylaws, each listed as an exhibit to this report.We were incorporated in the Marshall Islands on January 26, 2012 under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BCA”). The purpose of the Company isto engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may now or hereafter be organized under the BCA. Our amended and restated articles of incorporationand bylaws do not impose any limitations on the ownership rights of our stockholders.Description of Common StockEach outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Upon our dissolution, liquidation orwinding up of the affairs of the Company, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidationpreferences, if any, the holders or our common stock will be entitled to receive pro rata our remaining assets available for distribution. Holders of common stock donot have conversion, redemption or preemptive rights to subscribe to any of our securities.Blank Check Preferred Stock.Our Board of Directors is authorized, without any further vote or action by our stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in different classesand series and, with respect to each class or series, to determine the designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights,conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the powers and rights associated with the common stock,at such times and on such other terms as they think proper. Our Board of Directors may issue shares of preferred stock on terms calculated to discourage, delay orprevent a change of control of our company or the removal of our management.WarrantsAs of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding, among which 369,302 warrants were issued to the public in our IPO (the “IPO Warrants”). Each ofthe IPO Warrants entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.5 expiring on July 31, 2019, provided that there is an effectiveregistration statement covering the shares of common stock underlying the IPO Warrants.69Table of ContentsThe Company may redeem the IPO Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon 30 days’ notice, after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, only inthe event that the last sale price of the shares of common stock is at least $17.50 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30trading day period (“30Day TradingPeriod”) ending three business days prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is a current registration statement in effect with respectto the shares of common stock underlying such IPO Warrants throughout the 30day redemption period. The Company is only required to use its best efforts tomaintain the effectiveness of the registration statement covering the underlying common stock of the IPO Warrants. There are no contractual penalties for failure todeliver securities if a registration statement is not effective at the time of exercise. Additionally, in the event that a registration statement is not effective at the time ofexercise, the holder of such warrant shall not be entitled to exercise such warrant for cash and in no event (whether in the case of a registration statement not beingeffective or otherwise) will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrant exercise.In addition, Aqua Investments Corp., an entity controlled by certain founding shareholders of the Company, acquired 24,534 warrants, each entitles the holder topurchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50, expiring on July 31, 2019 (the “Placement Warrants”). The Placement Warrants are identical to the IPOWarrants except that the Placement Warrants (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis; (ii) will not be redeemable by the Company and (ii) may beexercised even if there is not an effective registration statement relating to the shares underlying the warrants, so long as they are held by the initial purchaser orany of its permitted transferees.As of date of this report, we also have 717 IPO Units outstanding and publicly trading, each including one IPO Warrant and one share of our common stock.DirectorsThe business and affairs of the Company are managed by or under the direction of our Board of Directors.Our directors are elected by the holders of the shares representing a majority of the total voting power of the thenoutstanding capital stock of the Company entitledto vote generally in the election of directors (“Voting Stock”). Our amended and restated articles of incorporation provide that cumulative voting shall not be used toelect directors. Each director will be elected to serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his/her successor shall have been duly elected andqualified, except in the event of his/her death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of his/her term of office.Any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of thetotal voting power of the Voting Stock entitled to vote thereon or with cause by directors constituting at least twothirds of the entire Board.Vacancies in the Board of Directors occurring by death, resignation, the creation of new directorships, the failure of the shareholders to elect the whole board at anyannual election of directors, or, except as herein provided, for any other reason, including removal of directors for cause, may be filled either by the affirmative voteof a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, at any special meeting called for that purpose or at any regular meeting of theBoard. Vacancies occurring by removal of directors without cause may be filled only by vote of the shareholders.Shareholder MeetingsAnnual stockholder meetings will be held at a time and place selected by our board of directors. The meetings may be held in or outside of the Marshall Islands.Under our amended and restated articles of incorporation, special meetings may be called by the board of directors, or by the secretary of the Company requestedby stockholders representing certain amount of voting power. Our board of directors shall give not less than 15 days and not more than 60 days prior written noticeof a shareholders’ meeting to each shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat and to each shareholder of record who, by reason of any action proposed at suchmeeting would be entitled to have his/her shares appraised if such action were taken, and the notice shall include a statement of that purpose and to that effect.Our bylaws provide that a meeting of shareholders is duly constituted if, at the commencement of the meeting, there are shareholders present in person or by proxyrepresenting not less than a majority of the votes of the shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on resolutions of shareholders to be considered at themeeting.70Table of ContentsIf a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of stock represented at the meeting will be the act of the shareholders. At any meeting ofshareholders, each shareholder entitled to vote any shares on any manner to be voted upon at such meeting shall be entitled to one vote on such matter for eachsuch share. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the action so taken, issigned by all the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof.Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal and Payment.Under the BCA, our stockholders have the right to dissent from various corporate actions, including any merger or sale of all or substantially all of our assets notmade in the usual course of our business, and receive payment of the fair value of their shares. However, the right of a dissenting stockholder to receive payment ofthe fair value of his or her shares shall not be available for any shares of stock of the constituent corporation surviving a merger if the merger did not require for itsapproval the vote of the stockholders of the surviving corporation. In the event of any further amendment of our articles of incorporation, a stockholder also has theright to dissent and receive payment for his or her shares if the amendment alters certain rights in respect of those shares. The dissenting stockholder must followthe procedures set forth in the BCA to receive payment. In the event that we and any dissenting stockholder fail to agree on a price for the shares, the BCAprocedures involve, among other things, the institution of proceedings in the circuit court in the judicial circuit in the Marshall Islands in which our Marshall Islandsoffice is situated. The value of the shares of the dissenting stockholder is fixed by the court after reference, if the court so elects, to the recommendations of a courtappointed appraiser.Stockholders’ Derivative ActionsUnder the BCA, any of our stockholders may bring an action in our name to procure a judgment in our favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that thestockholder bringing the action is a holder of common stock both at the time the derivative action is commenced and at the time of the transaction to which theaction relates.Indemnification of Officers and DirectorsThe BCA authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors and officers to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages forbreaches of directors’ fiduciary duties. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation include a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors formonetary damages for actions taken as a director to the fullest extent permitted by law. We must indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorizedby law. We are also expressly authorized to advance certain expenses (including attorneys’ fees and disbursements and court costs) to our directors and offices andcarry directors’ and officers’ insurance providing indemnification for our directors, officers and certain employees for some liabilities.The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws may discourage stockholders frombringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigationagainst directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. In addition, your investment may beadversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.C.Material ContractsWe have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in Item 4 “Information on theCompany,” Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations,” Item 7 “Major Shareholders and RelatedParty Transactions,” or filed (or incorporated by reference) as exhibits to this annual report or otherwise described or referenced in this annual report.D.Exchange ControlsMarshall Islands Exchange ControlsUnder Marshall Islands law, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect theremittance of dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our shares.71Table of ContentsBVI Exchange ControlsThere are no material exchange controls restrictions on payment of dividends, interest or other payments to the holders of our common stock or on the conduct ofour operations in the BVI, where we were incorporated. There are no material BVI laws that impose any material exchange controls on us or that affect the paymentof dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our common stock. BVI law and our memorandum and articles of association do not impose anymaterial limitations on the right of nonresidents or foreign owners to hold or vote our common stock.PRC Exchange ControlsRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued bySAFE and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade and service payments, payment ofinterest and dividends can be made without prior approval from SAFE by following the appropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMBinto foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRC for the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments,loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from SAFE or its local office.On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency Management Policy on Direct Investment, effective fromJune 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investmentfrom SAFE. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for the purpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed withqualified banks, which, under the supervision of SAFE, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise, or SAFE Circular 19,was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to SAFE Circular 19, a foreigninvested enterprise may, according to its actualbusiness needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchange bureau has confirmedmonetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the time being, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shall truthfully use itscapital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equity investment with theamount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open a corresponding Account forForeign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming andRegulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or SAFE Circular 16, was promulgated and became effective on June 9,2016. According to SAFE Circular 16, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreign currency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionarybasis. SAFE Circular 16 provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items (including but not limited to foreigncurrency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. SAFE Circular 16 reiterates the principle thatRenminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope andmay not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guarantee the principal within the PRCunless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless it is within the businessscope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Optimizing Genuineness and ComplianceVerification, or SAFE Circular 3, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits from domestic entities tooffshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution, original copies oftax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses before remitting any profits.Moreover, pursuant to SAFE Circular 3, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provide boardresolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.72Table of ContentsRegulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsSAFE issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special PurposeVehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issues Concerning theRegulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles, to regulateforeign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investment and financing orconduct round trip investment in China. SAFE Circular 37 defines a SPV as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly or indirectly, by PRC residents orentities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets or interests, while “round tripinvestment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through SPVs, namely, establishing foreigninvested enterprises to obtain theownership, control rights and management rights. SAFE Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into an SPV, PRC residents or entities be required tocomplete foreign exchange registration with SAFE or its local branch. In addition, SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving theAdministration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended SAFE Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015,requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.PRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to SPVs but had not obtained registration as required before theimplementation of the SAFE Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the SPVs with qualified banks. An amendment to the registration isrequired if there is a material change with respect to the SPV registered, such as any change of basic information (including change of the PRC residents, name andoperation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers or divisions. Failure to comply with the registrationprocedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclose controllers of the foreigninvestedenterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to itsoffshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities to penalties under PRC foreignexchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companiesby PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRCsubsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansSAFE promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan ofOverseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issued by SAFE in March 2007. Pursuant tothe Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residents participating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted companyare required to register with SAFE or its local branches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents mustconduct the SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of theoverseas publicly listed company or another qualified institution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevantSAFE registration should there be any material change to the stock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of thePRC residents who have the right to exercise the employee stock options, apply to SAFE or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreigncurrencies in connection with the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the saleof shares under the stock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRCopened by the PRC agents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.73Table of ContentsWe adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We have advised therecipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice. However, wecannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subjectthe PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016 respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014 respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our BVI holding company may rely on dividend payments from IST,which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on the ability of ourconsolidated VIEs to make remittance to IST and on the ability of IST to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations ofthose entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends andother distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you,and otherwise fund and conduct our business”E.TaxationThe following is a general summary of the material Marshall Islands, Hong Kong, BVI, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to an investmentin our units, shares of common stock and warrants to acquire our shares of common stock, sometimes referred to collectively in this summary as our “securities”.The discussion is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal or tax advice to any particular prospective purchaser. The discussion is based on lawsand relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change or different interpretations, possibly withretroactive effect. The discussion does not address United States state or local tax laws, or tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Marshall Islands, Hong Kong,the BVI, the PRC and the United States. We recommend that you consult your own tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquisition, ownership anddisposition of our securities.Marshall Islands TaxationThe following are the material Marshall Islands tax consequences of our activities to us and to our stockholders and warrant holders of investing in our CommonStock and warrants. Under current Marshall Islands law, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains, and no Marshall Islands withholding tax or income taxwill be imposed upon payments of dividends by us to our stockholders or proceeds from the disposition of our common stock and warrants, provided suchstockholders or warrant holders, as the case may be, are not residents in the Marshall Islands. There is no tax treaty between the United States and the Republic ofthe Marshall Islands.BVI TaxationThe BVI does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid to us by our BVI subsidiary, nor does the BVI levy any capital gains or income taxes on us or our BVIsubsidiary. However, our BVI subsidiary is required to pay the BVI government an annual license fee based on the number of shares it is authorized to issue.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the BVI.74Table of ContentsHong Kong TaxationOur Hong Kong subsidiaries, under the current laws of Hong Kong, are subject to profits tax of 16.5%. No provision for Hong Kong profits tax has been made asour Hong Kong subsidiaries have no taxable income.PRC TaxationWe are a holding company incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which indirectly holds our equity interests in our PRC operating subsidiaries. The EIT Law and itsimplementation rules, both of which became effective as of January 1, 2008, provide that a PRC enterprise is subject to a standard income tax rate of 25% and Chinasourced income of foreign enterprises, such as dividends paid by a PRC subsidiary to its overseas parent, will normally be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of10%, unless there are applicable treaties between the overseas parent’s jurisdiction of incorporation and China to reduce such rate.Under the Arrangement between the Mainland and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention ofFiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, or the Double Taxation Arrangement, effective as of January 1, 2007, such dividend withholding tax rate is reducedto 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns over 25% of the PRC company distributing the dividends. Under the aforesaid arrangement, any dividends that ourPRC operating subsidiaries pay to their Hong Kong holding companies may be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 5% if they are not considered to be a PRC“resident enterprise” as described below. However, if the Hong Kong holdings companies are not considered to be the “beneficial owner” of such dividends underthe Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties promulgated by the State Administration of Taxation on October 27,2009 (and not a PRC “resident enterprise”), such dividends would be subject to the withholding tax rate of 10%. The withholding tax rate of 5% or 10% applicablewill have a significant impact on the amount of dividends to be received by us and ultimately by shareholders.According to the Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties, the term “beneficial owner” refers to a person who hasthe right to own and dispose of the income and the rights or properties generated from the said income. The “beneficial owner” may be an individual, a company orany other organization which is usually engaged in substantial business operations. A conduit company is not a “beneficial owner.” The term “conduit company”refers to a company which is usually established for purposes of dodging or reducing taxes, and transferring or accumulating profits. Such a company is onlyregistered in the country of domicile to satisfy the organizational form as required by law, but it does not engage in such substantial business operations asmanufacturing, distribution and management. As our Hong Kong holding companies are controlling companies and are not engaged in substantial businessoperations, they could be considered as conduit companies by tax authorities and we do not expect them to be a beneficial owner.In addition to the changes to the current tax structure, under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto management bodies” withinChina is considered a resident enterprise and will normally be subject to an EIT of 25% on its global income. The implementing rules define the term “de factomanagement bodies” as “an establishment that exercises, in substance, overall management and control over the production, business, personnel, accounting, etc.,of a Chinese enterprise.”It remains unclear whether the PRC tax authorities would require or permit our overseas registered entities to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. We do notcurrently consider our company to be a PRC resident enterprise. However, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterpriseincome tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on ourworldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on offering proceedsand nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although under the EIT Law and its implementing rulesdividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued guidance with respect to the processing ofoutbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidance issuedwith respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation in which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to our nonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC shareholders from transferring our shares.75Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income TaxationThe following is a discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our securities. It does notpurport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s situation. The discussion applies only toholders that hold their securities as capital assets (generally property held for investment) within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based on the Code, income tax regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial positions, published positions of theInternal Revenue Service, or the IRS, and other applicable authorities, all as in effect as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly withretroactive effect. This discussion is general in nature and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations, nor does the discussion address any state, local orforeign tax considerations or any U.S. tax considerations (e.g., estate or gift tax) other than U.S. federal income tax considerations, that may be applicable toparticular holders.This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant in light of particular circumstances, nor does it address the U.S.federal income tax consequences to persons who are subject to special rules under U.S. federal income tax law, including:●banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions;●persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;●taxexempt organizations;●controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid United States federal incometax;●certain former citizens or longterm residents of the United States;●dealers in securities or currencies;●traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting for their securities holdings;●persons that own, or are deemed to own, more than five percent of our capital stock;●holders who acquired our stock as compensation or pursuant to the exercise of a stock option; or●persons who hold our shares as a position in a hedging transaction, “straddle,” or other risk reduction transaction.For purposes of this discussion, a U.S. holder is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (ii) acorporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States (or treated assuch under applicable U.S. tax laws), any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardlessof its source; or (iv) a trust if (a) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have theauthority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) it has a valid election in effect under applicable law and regulations to be treated as a U.S. person forU.S. federal income tax purposes. A nonU.S. holder is a holder that is neither a U.S. holder nor a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S.federal income tax purposes.In the case of a partnership or entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally willdepend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal incometax consequences to them of the merger or of the ownership and disposition of our shares.As a result of consummation of the Share Exchange, (i) we acquired substantially all the properties of KBS International, a U.S. corporation, and (ii) the formershareholders of KBS International held at least 80 percent of our common stock by reason of having held stock of KBS International. Accordingly, under Section7874 of the Code, we are treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as a U.S. corporation and, among other consequences, are subject to U.S. federal income tax on ourworldwide income. This discussion assumes that Section 7874 of the Code continues to apply to treat us as a U.S. corporation for all purposes under the Code. If,for some reason (e.g., future repeal of Section 7874 of the Code), we were no longer treated as a U.S. corporation under the Code, the U.S. federal income taxconsequences described herein could be materially and adversely affected.76Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. HoldersDistributionsIn the event that distributions are paid on our common stock, the gross amount of such distributions will be included in the gross income of the U.S. holder asdividend income on the date of receipt to the extent that the distribution is paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federalincome tax principles. Such dividends will be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Dividends received by noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, may be subject to reduced rates of taxation under current law. A U.S. holdermay be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed on dividends paid by us. However, the foreign tax credit rules arecomplex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 of the Code and the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and theGovernment of the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, or theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty, is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may be entitled to underthe foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.To the extent that dividends paid on our common stock exceed current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distributions will be treated first as a taxfree returnof tax basis on our common stock, and to the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds tax basis, the excess will be treated as gain from the disposition ofthose common stock. Because Section 7874 of the Code has applied to treat us as a U.S. corporation only since consummation of the Share Exchange in 2014, wemay not be able to demonstrate to the IRS the extent to which a distribution on our common stock exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (asdetermined under U.S. federal income tax principles), in which case all of such distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.Sale or Other DispositionU.S. holders of our common stock will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of common stock equal to the differencebetween the amount realized for the common stock and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the common stock. This gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss. Undercurrent law, noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, are eligible for reduced tax rates if the common stock has been held for more than one year. Thedeductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. A U.S. holder may be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed ongain from the sale or other disposition of common stock. However, the foreign tax credit rules are complex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 ofthe Code and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may beentitled to under the foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Unearned Income Medicare ContributionCertain U.S. holders who are individuals, trusts or estates are required to pay an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on, among other things, dividends on and capitalgains from the sale or other disposition of shares of stock. U.S. holders should consult their own advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this rule on their ownershipand disposition of our common stock.U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for NonU.S. HoldersDistributionsThe rules applicable to nonU.S. holders for determining the extent to which distributions on our common stock, if any, constitute dividends for U.S. federal incometax purposes are the same as for U.S. holders. See “–U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. Holders– Distributions.”77Table of ContentsAny dividends paid to a nonU.S. holder by us are treated as income derived from sources within the United States and generally will be subject to U.S. federalincome tax withholding at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends, or at a lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty if nonU.S. holdersprovide proper certification of eligibility for the lower rate (usually on IRS Form W8BEN or W8BENE). Dividends received by a nonU.S. holder that are effectivelyconnected with such holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business (and, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained bythe nonU.S. holder in the U.S.) are exempt from such withholding tax, provided that applicable certification requirements are satisfied. In such case, however, nonU.S. holders will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such dividends, net of certain deductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. In addition, corporatenonU.S. holders may be subject to an additional branch profits tax equal to 30% or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable tax treaty on dividendsreceived that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.If nonU.S. holders are eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, such nonU.S. holders may obtain a refund ofany excess amounts withheld by filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.Sale or Other DispositionExcept as described below for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, any gain realized by a nonU.S. holder upon the saleor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:criminal liability in serious cases.According to the PRC Product Quality Law, consumers or other victims who suffer injury or property losses due to product defects may demand compensation fromthe manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the corresponding amount from the manufacturer if the manufactureris responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Relating to Consumer ProtectionThe principal legal provisions for the protection of consumer interests are set forth in the Law of the PRC on Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests, or theConsumer Protection Law, which was promulgated in October 1993 amended in October 2013. The Consumer Protection Law sets forth standards of behavior thatbusinesses must observe in their dealings with consumers.Violations of the Consumer Protection Law may result in the imposition of fines. In addition, the violating entity may be ordered to suspend its operations, and itsbusiness license may be revoked. There may also be criminal liability in serious cases.According to the Consumer Protection Law, if the legal rights and interests of a consumer are violated during the purchase or use of goods, the consumer may seekcompensation from the seller. If the manufacturer or an upstream distributor is responsible, after compensating the consumer, the seller may recover thecorresponding amount from the manufacturer or the upstream distributor. Consumers or other persons who suffer personal injury or property damages due todefects in products may seek compensation from the manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the correspondingamount from the manufacturer if the manufacturer is responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Related to TrademarksThe PRC Trademark Law, adopted in 1982 and revised in 2001 and 2013, protects the proprietary rights to registered trademarks. The Trademark Office under theState Administration of Industry and Commerce handles trademark registration and grants a term of ten years to registered trademarks and another ten years totrademarks as requested upon expiry of the prior term. Trademark license agreements and transfer agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record.37Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Environmental MattersOur facilities are subject to various governmental regulations related to environmental protection. We use a myriad of chemicals in our operations and produceemissions that could pose environmental risks. Our manufacturing facilities are subject to various pollution control regulations with respect to noise, water and airpollution and the disposal of waste and hazardous materials, including, China’s Environmental Protection Law, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Appraisingof Environment Impacts, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of AirPollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution, and China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of NoisePollution. We are subject to periodic inspections by local environmental protection authorities.We did not incur material costs in environmental compliance in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016. We believe we are in material compliance with the relevant PRCenvironmental laws and regulations. We are not currently subject to any pending actions alleging any violations of applicable PRC environmental laws.Regulations Related to EmploymentThe PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law require that employers must execute written employment contracts with fulltime employees. All employers mustcompensate their employees with wages equal to at least the local minimum wage standards. Violations of the PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law may resultin the imposition of fines and other administrative sanctions, and serious violations may constitute criminal offences.On December 28, 2012, the PRC Labor Contract Law was amended with effect on July 1, 2013 to impose more stringent requirements on labor dispatch. Under suchlaw, dispatched workers are entitled to pay equal to that of fulltime employees for equal work, but the number of dispatched workers that an employer hires may notexceed a certain percentage of its total number of employees as determined by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Additionally, dispatchedworkers are only permitted to engage in temporary, auxiliary or substitute work. According to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch promulgated by theMinistry of Human Resources and Social Security on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014, the number of dispatched workers hired by anemployer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees (including both directly hired employees and dispatched workers). The Interim Provisions onLabor Dispatch require employers not in compliance with the PRC Labor Contract Law in this regard to reduce the number of its dispatched workers to below 10% ofthe total number of its employees prior to March 1, 2016.Enterprises in China are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in certain employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pensionplan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a workrelated injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund,and contribute to the plans or funds in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of the employees as specified by thelocal government from time to time at locations where they operate their businesses or where they are located. The enterprise may be ordered to pay the full amountwithin a deadline if it fails to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans and may be subject to fines and other administrative sanctions.Regulations Relating to Foreign ExchangeRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued by theState Administration of Foreign Exchange and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade andservice payments, payment of interest and dividends can be made without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange by following theappropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRCfor the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange or its local office.38Table of ContentsOn February 13, 2015, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency ManagementPolicy on Direct Investment, effective from June 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign directinvestment and overseas direct investment from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for thepurpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed with qualified banks, which, under the supervision of the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to this Circular, a foreigninvested enterprise may,according to its actual business needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchangebureau has confirmed monetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the timebeing, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shalltruthfully use its capital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equityinvestment with the amount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open acorresponding Account for Foreign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of theState Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts waspromulgated and became effective on June 9, 2016. According to this Circular, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreigncurrency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionary basis. This Circular provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items(including but not limited to foreign currency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. ThisCircular reiterates the principle that Renminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposesbeyond its business scope and may not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guaranteethe principal within the PRC unless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless itis within the business scope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration andOptimizing Genuineness and Compliance Verification, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits fromdomestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution,original copies of tax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses beforeremitting any profits. Moreover, pursuant to this Circular, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provideboard resolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and RoundtripInvestment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Issues Concerning the Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore SpecialPurpose Vehicles, to regulate foreign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investmentand financing or conduct round trip investment in China. Circular 37 defines a “special purpose vehicle” as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly orindirectly, by PRC residents or entities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets orinterests, while “round trip investment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through special purpose vehicles, namely, establishingforeigninvested enterprises to obtain the ownership, control rights and management rights. Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into a specialpurpose vehicle, PRC residents or entities be required to complete foreign exchange registration with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranch. In addition, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the ForeignExchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015, requiring PRC residents or entities toregister with qualified banks rather than the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.39Table of ContentsPRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to special purpose vehicles but had not obtained registration asrequired before the implementation of the Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the special purpose vehicles with qualified banks. Anamendment to the registration is required if there is a material change with respect to the special purpose vehicle registered, such as any change of basic information(including change of the PRC residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers ordivisions. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclosecontrollers of the foreigninvested enterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchangeactivities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, sharetransfer or liquidation, to its offshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities topenalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating toinvestments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our abilityto inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic IndividualsParticipating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issuedby the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in March 2007. Pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residentsparticipating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted company are required to register with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents must conduct the registration and other procedures withrespect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of the overseas publicly listed company or another qualifiedinstitution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevant registration should there be any material change to thestock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of the PRC residents who have the right to exercise the employeestock options, apply to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreign currencies in connectionwith the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the sale of shares under thestock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRC opened by the PRCagents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.We have adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we will have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We haveadvised the recipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.However, we cannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock IncentivePlan Notice. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plansmay subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016, respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014, respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our Marshall Islands holding company may rely on dividend paymentsfrom Hongri PRC, which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on theability of our other PRC subsidiaries to make remittance to Hongri PRC and on the ability of Hongri PRC to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cashgenerated by the operations of those entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We rely to a significant extent on dividends and otherdistributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiary to fund offshore cash and financing requirements.”40Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Overseas ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the StateOwned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective onSeptember 8, 2006 and was amended on June 22, 2009. These regulations, among other things, require that (i) PRC entities or individuals obtain approval from theMinistry of Commerce before they establish or control a special purpose vehicle overseas, provided that they intend to use the special purpose vehicle to acquiretheir equity interests in a PRC company at the consideration of newly issued share of the special purpose vehicle, or Share Swap, and list their equity interests in thePRC company overseas by listing the special purpose vehicle in an overseas market; (ii) the special purpose vehicle obtains approval from the Ministry ofCommerce before it acquires the equity interests held by the PRC entities or PRC individual in the PRC company by Share Swap; and (iii) the special purpose vehicleobtains China Securities Regulatory Commission approval before it lists overseas. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The approval ofthe China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with this offering under a PRC regulation. The regulation also establishes more complexprocedures for acquisitions conducted by foreign investors that could make it more difficult for us to grow through acquisitions.”Regulations Relating to TaxationDividend Withholding TaxIn March 2007, the National People’s Congress enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law which became effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on February 24,2017. According to Enterprise Income Tax Law, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a foreigninvested enterprise in China to its foreignenterprise investors are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that providesfor a preferential withholding arrangement. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Negotiated Reduction of Dividends and Interest Rates,issued on January 29, 2008 and supplemented and revised on February 29, 2008, and the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, which became effective onDecember 8, 2006 and applicable to income derived in any year of assessment commencing on or after April 1, 2007 in Hong Kong and in any year commencing on orafter January 1, 2007 in the PRC, such withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong enterprise is deemed the beneficial owner of any dividend paid by aPRC subsidiary by PRC tax authorities and holds at least 25% of the equity interest in that particular PRC subsidiary at all times within the 12month periodimmediately prior to the distribution of the dividends. Furthermore, pursuant to the Announcement on Issues concerning “Beneficial Owners” in Tax Treaties issuedon February 3, 2018 by the State Administration of Taxation, when determining the status of “beneficial owners,” a comprehensive analysis may be conductedthrough materials such as articles of association, financial statements, records of capital flows, minutes of board of directors, resolutions of board of directors,allocation of manpower and material resources, the relevant expenses, functions and risk assumption, loan contracts, royalty contracts or transfer contracts, patentregistration certificates and copyright certificates, etc. However, even if an applicant has the status as a “beneficiary owner,” if the competent tax authority findsnecessity to apply the principal purpose test clause in the tax treaties or the general antitax avoidance rules stipulated in domestic tax laws, the general antitaxavoidance provisions shall apply.Enterprise Income TaxIn December 2007, the State Council promulgated the Implementing Rules of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008. TheEnterprise Income Tax Law and its relevant implementing rules (i) impose a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate, which is applicable to both foreigninvestedenterprises and domestic enterprises (ii) permits companies to continue to enjoy their existing tax incentives, subject to certain transitional phaseout rules and(iii) introduces new tax incentives, subject to various qualification criteria.41Table of ContentsThe Enterprise Income Tax Law also provides that enterprises organized under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies”located within China may be considered PRC resident enterprises and therefore be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwideincome. The implementing rules further define the term “de facto management body” as the management body that exercises substantial and overall managementand control over the production and operations, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. If an enterprise organized under the laws of jurisdictionoutside China is considered a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, itwould be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. Second, a 10% withholding tax would be imposed on dividends itpays to its nonPRC enterprise shareholders and with respect to gains derived by its nonPRC enterprise shareholders from transfer of its shares.On October 17, 2017, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Bulletin on Issues Concerning the Withholding of NonPRC Resident Enterprise Income Tax atSource, or Bulletin 37, which replaced the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by NonPRC Resident Enterprisesissued by the State Administration of Taxation on December 10, 2009, and partially replaced and supplemented rules under the Bulletin on Issues of EnterpriseIncome Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by NonPRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7, issued by the State Administration of Taxation on February 3, 2015.Under Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by nonPRC resident enterprises may be recharacterizedand treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose ofavoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. In respect of anindirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the relevant gain is to be regarded as effectively connected with the PRC establishment and thereforeincluded in its enterprise income tax filing, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relatesto the immoveable properties in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not effectively connected to a PRC establishment of a nonresident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax at 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similararrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Pursuant to Bulletin 37, the withholding party shalldeclare and pay the withheld tax to the competent tax authority in the place where such withholding party is located within seven days from the date of occurrenceof the withholding obligation. Both Bulletin 37 and Bulletin 7 do not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange wheresuch shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We and our existingshareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a Chinese establishmentof a nonChinese company, or immovable properties located in China owned by nonChinese companies.”ValueAdded TaxIn November 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Pilot Plan for Imposition of ValueAdded Tax to ReplaceBusiness Tax. In March 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation further promulgated the Notice on Fully Promoting the Pilot Plan forReplacing Business Tax by ValueAdded Tax. Pursuant to this Pilot Plan and the relevant notice, value added tax at a rate of 6% is generally imposed, on anationwide basis, on the revenue generated from the provision of service in lieu of business tax in the modern service industries. Value added tax of a rate of 6%applies to revenue derived from the provision of some modern services. Unlike business tax, a taxpayer is allowed to offset the qualified input value added tax paidon taxable purchases against the output value added tax chargeable on the modern services provided.C.Organizational StructureSee “—A. History and Development of the Company—Corporate Structure” above for details of our current organizational structure.42Table of ContentsD.Property, Plants and EquipmentOur company has established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31,2018, this network was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, our company’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The facilityhas a production capacity of 2 million pieces per year and we move in upon the completion of phase 2 in year 2015. By relocating from the coastal area to AnhuiProvince, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a more stable labor supply. We manufacture a variety of menswear products, including, jeans,shirts, suits and socks. Because of its variety and complexity in the production process, these products require special sewing machines and workmanship, whichwe currently do not possess. As a result, the Company is not yet able to produce KBS branded products and has outsourced its KBS branded productmanufacturing to other established ODM and OEM manufacturers in the Fujian and Zhejiang regions. The Company has completed the second phase constructionof its new factory at the end of 2014. The second phase has an annual production capacity of 5 million pieces subject to our purchasing additional equipment.Currently Anhui factory mainly produces OEM orders and some international orders.Our production facility consists of total 110,557 square meters of land. We obtained a portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square metersand 2,440 square meters in May 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildingsand offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need foradditional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of landhas been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Oncethe construction of the new production facilities is completed, our total production capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year fromthe current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.In 2016, we closed 1 corporate store and as of December 31, 2018, we leased the premises for our sole remaining corporate store. We have undertaken variousmeasures to verify the lessees’ rights to the property leased to us in respect of its stores. In China, all land is owned by the State or other governmental bodies, and“ownership” is generally evidenced by a land use rights certificate. We rent some stores that were located in rural areas where land use rights are held collectivelyby villages and records regarding the ownership of land use rights are frequently not kept. In these cases, the company has confirmed our ability to lease the storesthrough communications with village authorities, and has reviewed electricity and water bills to confirm utilities are being paid by the parties leasing the premises tous. Based on the results of these efforts, we believe the risk of third party claims against our leases of these stores is relatively small and the measures taken by ourcompany are sufficient to verify the land use rights for all of its stores.In addition, the property used as our head office and corporate store is leased from a related party, whose ownership of the property has been verified by ourcompany. We paid a total of RMB720,000, RMB 720,000, and RMB 720,000, as rental fees for the existing corporate stores during the fiscal years 2016, 2017 and 2018,respectively. The total area of these 2 corporate stores is 158 square meters. The sales of each store and its location are shown below:AreaSales in fiscalyear 2016(USD)Sales in fiscalyear 2017(USD)Sales in fiscalyear2018(USD)Shishi factory1,240,354.74772,299691,431Quanzhou Dayang (closed in 2016)470,280.90Total:1,710,635.64772,299691,43143Table of ContentsITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot required.ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSWe are engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of casual menswear in China, including apparel and accessories, which we market under the KBSbrand. The KBS brand was developed in 2006. Before 2012, we were engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of fashion sportswear in China. Sinceour products feature a unique and stylish design that is more fashionable than traditional sportswear, as well as quality fabrics and materials and the sportswearmarket was becoming more and more competitive, in late 2011 we turned our focus on casual menswear market which has higher profit margin. KBS’s apparelproducts include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, Jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, belts and caps. In 2016, the suggestedretail prices of KBS’s products ranged from RMB199 to RMB1,499 for its apparel products and RMB15 to RMB899 for its accessory products. KBS holds newproducts launch events twice every year, one in spring and the other in autumn. Since 2006, we have launched about 1,500,536 collections of new products eachyear with a different theme to highlight the current trends for the season. KBS’s marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese.” KBS’scustomers are male middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range, primarily located in tier two and tier three cities in China. The company has adopted “KBS” as auniform brand name, which stands for “Keep Best Style”, and KBS are designed by us for a uniform look and feel that fits our brand image, with instore displaysthat accentuate the quality and style of our products across all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. We believe that the KBSbrand has become a recognized brand name in the cities where their products are sold.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors. Thenumber of stores grew significantly from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006 to 31 corporate stores as of December 31, 2012 and 96franchised stores as of December 31, 2013, and decreased to 84 stores as of December 31, 2014. Because of the recent softening of economic growing in China andfierce competition from our competitors, online store sales of franchised stores and corporate stores went down in 2015 as compared with the previous year. In 2017and 2018, the distributors closed 15 and 8 franchised stores, respectively, and we closed 1 corporate store in year 2016. We generate more revenues from OEM in2018 and intend to generate more in OEM and target area from acquisitions.KBS also acts as an original design manufacturer, or ODM, upon request. Income from such services accounted for 14%, 7.3% and 9% of revenue for the yearsended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, KBS’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The company believesthat the shortage of labor and rising wage expectations in China, especially in the coastal area, could have a material impact on our operations as well as itssuppliers’ cost of manufacturing. By relocating from the coastal area to inland Anhui Province, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a morestable labor supply. Since the company’s original production team was not ready to produce the new style KBS products, KBS has outsourced its productmanufacturing to other established ODM manufacturers. As such, KBS’s own production facility in Taihu mainly takes OEM orders from other sportswearcompanies, like Xtep. Our production facility in Taihu, Anhui Province includes three parcels of land with a total area of 110,557 square meters. We have obtainedland use rights for two parcels of land with an area of 9,845 square meters in 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction ofthe adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire theland use right of the third parcel of land. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 can be continued. Once completed, our totalproduction capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year. We do not necessarilyrely on our own production facility to satisfy the demand of our products as we may outsource some or all of the production work to various ODM and OEMmanufacturers in China.44Table of ContentsA.Principal Factors Affecting Financial PerformanceOur operating results are primarily affected by the following factors:●Growth of China’s menswear industry. With approximately onefifth of the world’s population and a fastgrowing gross domestic product, Chinarepresents a significant growth opportunity for a wide variety of retail goods, including apparel. The enhanced living standards and increased disposableincome that has resulted from the vibrant economic growth has driven the rapid development of the men’s apparel market in China in recent years. China iscurrently one of the world’s largest men’s apparel markets. As a leading provider of casual menswear in China, we believe we are well positioned tocapitalize on the favorable economic, demographic and industry trends in this sector.●Brand recognition. We derive all of our revenues from sales of the KBS branded products in China, and our success depends on the market perceptionand acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture, lifestyle and images associated with this brand. Market acceptance of our brand may affect the sellingprices and market demand for our products, the profit margin of us can achieve, and our ability to grow.●Ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network. The ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in terms of floor area in our salesnetwork affects our results of operations in a given period. The franchised stores operated by our distributors have been and will continue to be the maincontributor to our revenue for the foreseeable future. Under the distribution business model, we sell directly to our distributors and recognize revenuesupon delivery of our products to them. Such distribution network has enabled us to accelerate sales growth at a much lower cost than opening direct storesand has limited our inventory and sales risks. Corporate stores operated by us, on the other hand, despite incurring more significant capital expenditures ascompared with franchised stores, allow us more control over our brand and the consumer’s shopping experience, which are important factors for the overallsuccess of our business. In addition, our corporate store sales generally have a higher gross profit margin than sales to distributors because we are able tosell the products at retail prices directly to the endconsumers and because we recognize expenses relating to our corporate stores as selling anddistribution expenses. Therefore, the ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network will affect our gross profit margin.●Product offering and pricing. Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define menswear trends as well as to anticipate, gauge andreact to changing consumer demands for menswear in a timely manner. Most of our products are subject to changing consumer preferences and fashiontrends that cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumer acceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, andour future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes.●Fluctuations in raw material supply and prices. The per unit cost of producing our products depends on the supply and price of raw materials,particularly fabrics such as cotton, wool and polyester, which have experienced volatility in past years. Increases in the price of raw materials wouldnegatively impact our gross margins if we are not able to offset such price increases through increases in our selling price or changes in product offeringsand mix.Financial Statement PresentationRevenue. During the periods covered by this section, we generated revenue from sales of our menswear products.45Table of ContentsCost of sales. During the periods covered by this section, our cost of sales primarily consisted of the costs of our outsourcing cost, raw materials, labor andoverhead. We did not have any inward or outward freight charges as these charges are borne by our distributors and suppliers.Gross profit and gross margin. For the periods covered by this section, our gross profit is equal to the difference between our net sales and cost of sales. Our grossmargin is equal to the gross profit divided by net sales. Our gross margin may not be comparable to those of other retail entities since some retail entities include allof their distribution network costs in cost of sales and others, like us, include these expenses in another statement of operations line item.Administrative expenses. For the periods covered by this section, general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to ourgeneral management, finance and administrative staff, professional advisor fees, audit fees and other expenses incurred in connection with general operations.Selling expenses. For the periods covered by this section, our selling and marketing expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to our sales andmarketing staff, store rent, business travel, coordination with distributor marketing and promotions, transportation costs and other sales related costs.Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, both in U.S. dollars and as apercentage of or revenue.Year endedDecember 31, 2018Year ended December 31, 2017Year ended December 31, 2016Amount% of SalesAmount% of SalesAmount% of SalesRevenue18,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales20,851,252112%35,274,352148%39,041,93295%Gross (loss)/profit2,316,13712%11,511,81648%2,158,2725%Operating expensesDistribution and selling expenses2,670,95514%3,265,38014%3,606,0109%Administrative expenses4,907,02026%4,879,39721%3,543,9939%Total operating expenses7,577,97541%8,144,77634%7,150,00317%Other income122,1391%461,5642%555,0511%Other gains and losses13,522,30073%122,2441%11,123,76727%Loss from operations23,294,273126%19,317,27281%15,560,44738%Finance costs96,4441%96,3850%71,7830%Change in fair value of warrant liabilities00%00%3,4090%Loss before tax23,390,717126%19,413,65782%15,628,82138%Income tax5,422,11929%4,598,06119%3,726,1339%Loss for the year17,968,59897%14,815,59662%11,902,68829%46Table of ContentsA breakdown of revenue, percentage of revenue and percentage of gross margin by segment for the respective periods is as follows:BybusinessDistribution networkCorporate storesOEMConsolidatedYear endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Sales toexternalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205% of Sales73%63%78%13%29%13%14%7%9%100%100%100%Segmentsgrossmargins2,245,9442,277,8586,623,6175,402,99414,291,6805,727,349845,700502,0071,262,0052,316,13611,511,8162,158,273Grossmarginrate17%15%21%227%205%104%33%29%36%12%48%5%Segment salesFor the year ended December 31, 2018, total revenue decreased by 22% from $23.8 million in 2017 to $18.5 million. Our total revenue of 2017 decreased by 33% from$41.2 million to $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company reports financial and operating results in three segments: distributor network,corporate stores and OEM.Distributor Network —Revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2018 decreased by 10% from $15 million in 2017 to $13 million primarily due to adecrease in sales volume. There was a decrease of revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2017 by 53% from $32.1 million in year 2016 primarily dueto a decrease in sales volume. The distributor segment accounted for 73% of the total revenue in 2018, compared to 63% and 78% during years 2017 and 2016,respectively.In year 2018, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network increased to 17% from 15% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price of newproducts. The sales went down in year 2018 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstockduring previous periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.47Table of ContentsIn year 2017, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network decreased to 15% from 21% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price, and thesales went down in year 2017 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstock duringprevious periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.The Company’s distributor network currently consists of 11 distributors in 12 provinces. Most of these distributors, either directly or through their subdistributors,operate KBSbranded stores. Some wholesale distributors sold the products to multibranded stores and online stores. As of December 31, 2018, distributorsoperated a total of 32 KBSbranded stores, primarily in second and third tier cities. KBS products distributed to the fourth and fifth tier cities are primarily sold inmultibranded department stores.Corporate Stores — Total revenue from corporate store sale for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $6.98 million for year 2017. In 2018 sales fromcorporate store decreased as compared to 2017 due to a decrease in promotion sales of repurchased inventory from certain distributors which are unable to pay offthe debts owed to us.Total revenue from corporate store sales for fiscal year 2017 was $6.98 million, compared to $5.53 million for year 2016. In 2017 sales from corporate stores increasedas compared to 2016 due to an increase in sales volume, which in turn was mainly attributable to the increase in promotion sales on repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors which are unable to pay off the debts owed to us.As of December 31, 2018, we operated 1 corporate store which located in Fujian. Total revenue from corporate store sales of 2018 decreased as compared to 2017because of the decrease the promotion sales of repurchased inventory.The corporate store segment contributed 14% of total revenue in 2018, compared to 29% of 2017 and 13% of 2016. Gross profit margin for the Company’s corporatestore was 232% in 2018, compared to 205% in 2017 and 104% in 2016. The margin compression from 2016 to 2018 is primarily due to: 1) close of 1 corporate store in2016 and the sale of its inventory at a lower price; 2) reduction of sale price of our goods in corporate stores to stimulate sales; 3) loss from sales of repurchasedinventory from certain distributors which sold at big discounted price in year 2017 and year 2018.OEM — The OEM segment is comprised of products that are designed by the customers but manufactured by us. Revenue from the OEM segment increased by$0.83 million to $2.57 million for year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017. Gross profit margin increased to 33%from 29% of year 2017. Revenue from the OEM segment decreased by $1.79 million to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $3.53 million foryear ended December 31, 2016. Gross profit margin decreased to 29% from 36% of year 2016. Our revenues from sales of OEM represented 14%, 9% and 9%,respectively of our total revenues for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.Cost of sales and gross profit rateCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for production purpose,outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges and water and electricity.Our cost of sales decreased from $35 million in year 2017 to $21 million in year 2018. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017.The gross profit rate increased from 48% in year 2017 to 12% in year 2018 due to 1) a decrease in the number of promotion sales in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, whichcaused a loss at RMB 40 million; 2) the higher price of updated new products and improvement of products quality; 3) higher profit margin of OEM segments due tolower amortized fixed fees from big orders from certain customers. In order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continuedoperation, we decided to continue to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors in 2018 and thereafter.48Table of ContentsOur cost of sales decreased from $39 million in year 2016 to $35 million in year 2017. The decrease was consistent with the decrease in our revenue, which resulted ina decrease in purchases by $7 million. The decrease in purchases was mainly due to a challenging retail environment and close of some stores.The gross profit rate decreased from 5% in year 2016 to 48% in year 2017 due to 1) a decrease in the number of our franchised stores from 55 as of December 31,2016 to 40 as of December 31, 2017; 2) in order to make more fair and friendly business environment for our all distributors, we adjusted our price policy to havesame price to our district distributors and province distributors in 2017, the price sell to the district distributor is lower than before. 3) a slowdown in demand inmenswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and our distributors faceddifficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 141.42 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million. Although we are not contractually obligated to buy back the excessiveinventory from any our distributors, in order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continued operation, we decided to do same in2017 to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors and we may implement similar plans in the following years.Administrative expensesAdministrative expenses increased by $0.02 million or 1% to $4.9 million for year 2018 from $4.88 million for 2017. The change was mainly due to the decrease ofoutsourcing design expense and the increase of the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Administrative expenses increased by $1.34 million or 37% to $4.88 million for year 2017 from $3.54 million for 2016. The increase was mainly due to the increase indesign staff expenses and the increase attributable to the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Distribution and selling expensesThe selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.59 million or 18% to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $ 3.2 million in 2017, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expense, products promotion expenses and entertainment expenses.The selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.34 million or 9.45% to $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $ 3.6 million in 2016, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expenses and promotion expense of products including placement order meeting expense.The advertisement expenses of 2018, 2017 and 2016 are relatively even and selling expenses accounted for 6.6%, 7.5% and 9% for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Other gains and lossesOther gains and losses increased by $13.4 million, or 10,875%, to $13.52 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $0.12 million for year 2017. The increasewas mainly due to the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value.Other gains and losses decreased by $11 million, or 98.9%, to $0.12 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $11.1 million for year 2016. The decrease wasmainly due to the fact that there was no additional provision on bad debts from three clients as in 2016.Profit for the yearWe had a loss of $18 million in 2018 as compared to a loss of $14.81 million for 2017, representing a decrease of profit of $3 million or 21%. Net margin was 97% forthe year ended December 31, 2018, compared to 62% for the year ended December 31, 2017.49Table of ContentsWe had a loss of $14.81 million in 2017 as compared to a loss of $11.9 million for 2016, representing a decrease of profit of $2.91 million or 25%. Net margin was 62%for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 29% for the year ended December 31, 2016.Profit for the year decreased from 2018 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons:(1)the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value (2) thedistribution and selling expenses decreased to a small portion of total revenue and the revenue also decreased compared to year ended December 31, 2017; (3) aslowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brands, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling products and paying back the balance owed to us. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 40 million.Profit for the year decreased from 2016 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons: (1) the administrative expenses increased to a large portion of total revenue; and(2) slowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 141.42 millionfrom certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million.B.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesAs of December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $21,026,103. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and cash in the banks. Webelieve that our current levels of cash and cash equivalent and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next12 months. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through net cash flow from operations. Our cash flows are driven by key performance indicatorsincluding the number of orders placed by distributors, number of outlets that each distributor operates the pricing of our products, sales of our corporate stores, andthe collect portion of account receivable. Currently there is only minimal cash held by offshore subsidiaries and there is no need for these subsidiaries to transfercash to Hongri PRC.The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this report:Fiscal Year Ended December 31201820172016Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(3,703,354)$1,922,252$3,194,287Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities52,932(865,365)45,445Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(3,907,291)(39,024)4,919,241Effects of exchange rate change in cash(1,117,062)1,513,138(1,556,980)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080Cash and cash equivalent at end of the period$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,34150Table of ContentsOperating ActivitiesThe net cash provided by operating activities consists of profit before tax, as adjusted by finance costs, change in fair value of warrant liabilities, interest income,shared based compensation, bad debt allowance, depreciation of property, plant and equipment, amortization of prepaid lease payment and trademark, amortizationof subsidies prepaid to distributors, amortization of prepayment and premiums under operating leases, provision(Reversal) of inventory obsolescence, provision ofimpairment loss in prepayments, loss(gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment, deferred income tax, which include trade and other receivables, prepaymentand deferred expenses, inventory, trade and other payables.Net cash used in operating activities in fiscal year 2018 was $3.7 million, compared with net cash provided by operating activities of $1.9 million in the year endedDecember 31, 2017. The change is mainly due to the increase of provision of Anhui property and the increase of deferred tax due to the loss of fiscal year 2018.Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.9 million, compared with $3.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2016. The change is mainlydue to the decrease in the amount of collection of account receivable.Investing ActivitiesNet cash provided by investing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.05 million, compared with $0.8 million net cash used in investing activities in 2017. The net cashprovided in investing activities in 2018 was interest received from our bank deposits.Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $0.8 million, compared with $0.04 million net cash provided by investing activities in 2016. The net cashused in investing activities in 2017 was to purchase fire protection facility.Financing ActivitiesNet cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.26 million, compared with $1.1 million net cash used in financing activities in 2017. It mainly consistedof repayment of bank loans in 2018.Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.1 million, compared with $1.68 million net cash provided by financing activities in 2016. It mainlyconsisted of interests paid for our bank loans.Loans, Other Commitments, ContingenciesAs of December 31, 2018, we had bank loans in an amount of $1,092,785. We may, however, in the future, require additional cash resources due to changing businessconditions, implementation of our strategy to expand our business or other investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our own financial resources areinsufficient to satisfy the capital requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain additional credit facilities. The sale of additionalequity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require usto agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overallbusiness prospects.C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.Our industry is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and changing customer demands. These conditions require continuousexpenditures on product research and development to enhance existing products create new products and avoid product obsolescence. See Item 3 “Key Information—D. Risk Factors—If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected,” —“Ifwe are unable to keep pace with the rapid technological changes in our industry, demand for our products and services could decline which would adversely affectour revenue,” and —“Our technology may become obsolete which could materially adversely affect our ability to sell our products and services.” For a detailedanalysis of research and development costs, see Item 5.A. “Operating Results—Results of Operations—Research and development expenses”.D.Trend InformationOther than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that wouldcause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.E.Off Balance Sheet ArrangementsWe do not have any off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes infinancial condition, sales or expenses, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures, or capital resources that are material to an investment in our securities.51Table of ContentsF.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual ObligationsThe table below shows our material contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018.Payments Due by PeriodLess than1 year13 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsContractual ObligationsConstruction Obligations$64,088,236Operating Lease Obligations$78,532146,7052,225,030Total$64,166,768146,7052,225,030Anhui Factory Construction ContractOn November 20, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party for the construction of a new plant with a total size of 110,557 square meters, atTaihu City, Anhui at a consideration of RMB 690 million (equivalent to approximately $104 million). This is the frame contract for the construction of Anhui factoryand round estimation. By December 31, 2016 we had already paid about $37.75 million in total on the phase 1, 2, 3 of construction based on detailed phase contractand the balance of construction cost of the Anui factory need to be determined based on the ontime budget on every phase. The majority of funds for constructionexpenses came from the cash balance on the account as of December 31, 2018 and the new profit of following year.Anhui Land Use Right Acquisition ContractOn September 2, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party to acquire a land use right in relation to the development of factories in Taihu City,Anhui Province, at a total consideration of RMB 43 million (approximately $6.3 million). Full consideration was paid in September 2010. There are three parts of theland. The Company has obtained land use rights certificates for the first parcel of land with 7,405 square meters on March 19, 2012, and the second parcel of landwith 2,440 square meters on May 26, 2012. The Company is currently in the process of obtaining the land use right certificate for the third parcel of the land with100,712 square meters.Except as set forth above, we have no other material longterm debt, capital or operating lease or fixed purchase obligations.InflationInflation and changing prices have not had a material effect on our business, and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect ourbusiness in the foreseeable future. However, our management will closely monitor price changes in the Chinese economy and the apparel industry and continuallymaintain effective cost controls in operations.52Table of ContentsSeasonalityOur business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal. Historically, we have realized more of our revenue and earnings in the fourth quarter, which includes themajority of the holiday shopping season, than in any other fiscal quarter.Critical Accounting PoliciesThe preparation of financial statements is in conformity with IFRS as issued by the IASB. It requires the Company’s management to make assumptions, estimatesand judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. The Company hasidentified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of Company’s financial statements. These accounting policies are important for anunderstanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of theCompany’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to makeestimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitivebecause of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly frommanagement’s current judgments. The Company believes the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in thepreparation of the Company’s financial statements.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects the considerationto which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled in exchange fortransferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that asignificant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration issubsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to the customerfor more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would be reflected in a separatefinancing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financing component which provides theCompany a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interest expense accreted on the contract liabilityunder the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services is oneyear or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component, using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of the goods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receiptsover the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.53Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with thedividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. Revenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer. Revenue from allabove categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of thetransaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered and title has passed.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting the deductible inputVAT of the period, is VAT payable.54Table of ContentsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial periodof time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use orsale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal government retirementbenefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fund their retirementbenefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal government takes responsibility for theretirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly, the only obligation of the Groupwith respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employment with the Group. There are no provisionsunder the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans are considered defined contribution plans. The Grouphas no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixed contributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pensionschemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service is performed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised inother comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Groupoperates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable taxregulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred taxassets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which thosedeductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or fromthe initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accountingprofit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able to control thereversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising fromdeductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profitsagainst which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.55Table of ContentsThe carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficienttaxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based ontax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assetsreflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carryingamount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when thedeferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities wherethere is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, inwhich case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arisesfrom the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.Store preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll and supplies.The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenses when occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases areclassified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes. Leaseholdimprovements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes other thanconstruction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful lives and aftertaking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction in progressis carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment whencompleted and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for theirintended use.56Table of ContentsAn item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of theasset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) isincluded in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.The Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights to use theland on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizable valuerepresents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fair valuethrough profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model formanaging them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the practicalexpedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus in the case of a financialasset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group hasapplied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance with the policies set out for “Revenue recognition(applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cash flowsthat are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established by regulation orconvention in the marketplace.57Subsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognised inthe income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversals arerecognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair value changes arerecognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive income is recycled to theincome statement.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under HKAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. The classification isdetermined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statement when theright of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and the amount of the dividendcan be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains arerecorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income are not subject to impairmentassessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value throughprofit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for thepurpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading unless they aredesignated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interest are classified and measured atfair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to be classified at amortised cost or at fairvalue through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition ifdoing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.58Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in theincome statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separate derivative if theeconomic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet thedefinition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changesin fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cashflows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between thecontractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the originaleffective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to thecontractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are providedfor credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been asignificant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespectiveof the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. When making theassessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on thefinancial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort,including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider afinancial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full beforetaking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering thecontractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the general approach andthey are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach as detailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured at anamount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets and for whichthe loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the loss allowance ismeasured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs59Simplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of asignificant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not track changes incredit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on itshistorical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt the simplifiedapproach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed from theGroup’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to what extent, ithas retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset nortransferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Groupalso recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that theGroup has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and the maximumamount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’sfinancial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.Subsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method unless theeffect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement when the liabilities arederecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.60Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantiallymodified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference between therespective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right tooffset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to the contractualprovisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financialassets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.The Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. Theeffective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of theeffective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, where appropriate, a shorter period tothe net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.61Table of ContentsReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including trade and otherreceivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment (seeaccounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a resultof one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have been affected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequently assessed forimpairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience of collecting payments,and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national or local economic conditions thatcorrelate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between the asset’scarrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.The carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables, where thecarrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized in profit or loss. When atrade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off arecredited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment losseswas recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset at the date theimpairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.G.Safe HarborSee “Introductory Notes—ForwardLooking Information.”62Table of ContentsITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEESA.Directors and Senior ManagementThe following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors and senior management, as well as employees upon whose work we are dependent, as ofthe date of this annual report.NAMEAGEPOSITIONKeyan Yan47Chairman and Chief Executive OfficerThemis Kalapotharakos44Executive DirectorLixiaTu37Chief Financial Officer and DirectorJohn Sano49Independent DirectorMatthew C. Los54Independent DirectorZhongmin Zhang76Independent DirectorYuet Mei Chan38Independent DirectorMr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has been the Chairman of our board of directors and Chief Executive Officer since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr.Yan has over 16 years of senior management experience. He served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of KBS International between March 2011 and August2014. From 1994 to present, Mr. Yan has served as general manager of Hongri PRC. Prior to joining us, Mr. Yan served as workshop manager, production managerand marketing manager of Zhenshi Knitting Factory in Shishi, China from 19891994. Mr. Yan obtained a certificate of corporate management from Xiamen Universityin 1992.Ms. Lixia Tu. Ms. Tu became the Company’s Chief Financial Officer on June 25, 2015. Ms. Tu has more than night years of accounting and audit experience, familiarwith IFRS, US GAAP, SarbanesOxley and the compliance requirements of SEC. After she worked as a project manager at BDO China Fu Jian SHU LUN PANCertified Public Accountants for four years, she worked as a CFO or a financial consultant for some other companies. Ms. Tu holds a Master’s degree inprofessional accounting from the University of Deakin in Australia. Ms. Tu is also a member of the Chartered Association of Certified Accountants.Mr. Themis Kalapotharakos. Mr. Kalapotharakos became our executive director on June 15, 2015. Mr. Kalapotharakos has acquired a range of expertise of a widespectrum of business activities. He has extensive highlevel experience at the Shipping, Trading and Finance industries where he has founded, developed andoperated various businesses starting from the ground up. His roles involved regular communication and coordination with investors, financial institutions, capitalmarket authorities, custodian and administrative banks, auditors and legal counsel. He holds a Bachelor’s degree from Cardiff University and an MSc Degree fromCass Business School in the UK.John Sano. Mr. Sano has been an independent director of the Company since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr. Sano has over 20 years ofexperience in apparel & home furnishings concept, design, sourcing, production, and ecommerce. He has extensive experience in all aspects of the retail clothingsupply chain, from conceptualization to final production and distribution. Mr. Sano has also advised and worked closely with numerous top brands in the US. Hehas been General Director of Sano Design Services since 2002. Mr. Sano has an associate’s degree in interior design from Traphagen School of Design.Mr. Matthew C. Los. Mr. Los became our director on October 8, 2015. Mr. Los has acquired a range of expertise of a wide spectrum of business activities. He hasover 20 years’ experience at high level management, and has founded, developed and operated various businesses in the shipping, energy, telecommunications realestate industries starting from the ground up. He also has experience in the capital markets and was the CEO of Aquasition Corp., the predecessor of the Company,prior to the Share Exchange. Mr. Los has a BSc in Mechanical Engineering and Computer Aided Design from University of Westminster in the UK.Mr. Zhongmin Zhang. Mr. Zhang became our director on July 10, 2017. He has over 45 years of extensive experience in many facets of textile business, including inproduction, marketing, and management. Currently, Mr. Zhang is the president of Zhengzhou Guangda Textile Printing & Dyeing Co., Ltd. which has an annualproduction of 216 million meters of various textile products, with a value of RMB 800 million. Holding a title of Senior Engineer, Mr. Zhang graduated from HarbinInstitute of Technology in 1965. He also has certificates in finance management and civil law.Mr. Yuet Mei Chan. Ms. Chan became our director on July 10, 2017. She has over 15 years of experience in the banking industry. She held several senior positions ina prestigious bank in Hong Kong from 20012016. She is currently a financial consultant at AIA and specializes in analyzing financial situations and market trends.Ms. Chan holds a diploma in Computing and Business Studies from Hong Kong St. Perth College.No family relationship exists between any of the persons named above.63Table of ContentsB.CompensationIn 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $207,268 in cash as compensation to our directors and senior management as a group, and some of our directors andexecutive officers also received compensation in the form of annual salaries and bonuses. We do not set aside or accrue any amounts for pension, retirement orother benefits for our directors and senior management. However, we reimburse our directors for outofpocket expenses incurred in connection with their services insuch capacity.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to our executive officers and directors as compensations for theirservices. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to the Company’s executiveofficers, directors and certain employees as compensations for their service. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.2018 Equity Incentive PlanOn December 24, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2018 Plan, pursuant to which the Company may offerup to two million shares of common stock as equity incentives to its directors, employees and consultants. Such number of shares is subject to adjustment in theevent of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, stock splits, stock dividends, or other change in the corporate structure of the Companyaffecting the shares issuable under the 2018 Plan. As of December 31, 2018, we have not granted any equity awards under the 2018 Plan.The following paragraphs summarize the terms of our 2018 Plan:Purpose. The purposes of the 2018 Plan are to promote the longterm growth and profitability of the Company and its affiliates by stimulating the efforts ofemployees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates who are selected to be participants, aligning the longterm interests of participants with thoseof shareholders, heightening the desire of participants to continue in working toward and contributing to our success, attracting and retaining the best availablepersonnel for positions of substantial responsibility, and generally providing additional incentive for them to promote the success of our business through the grantof awards of or pertaining to our common stock. The 2018 Plan permits the grant of ISOs, NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share AppreciationRights, Performance Units and Performance Shares as the administrator of the 2018 Plan may determine.Administration. The 2018 Plan is administered by our Board. The administrator has the authority to determine the specific terms and conditions of all awards grantedunder the 2018 Plan, including, without limitation, the number of shares of common stock subject to each award, the price to be paid for the shares and the applicablevesting criteria. The administrator has discretion to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2018 Plan.Eligibility. NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share Appreciation Rights, Performance Units and Performance Shares may be granted to employees,directors or consultants either alone or in combination with any other awards. ISOs may be granted only to employees of the Company, and of any parent orsubsidiary.Shares Available for Issuance Under the 2018 Plan. Subject to adjustment as described below, (a) the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issuedunder the 2018 Plan is 2,000,000 shares of common stock, (b) to the extent consistent with Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the“Code”), not more than an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of common stock may be issued under ISOs, and (c) not more than 200,000 shares of common stock (or forawards denominated in cash, the Fair Market Value of 200,000 shares of common stock on the Grant Date, as defined in the 2018 Plan), may be awarded to anyindividual participant in the aggregate in any one fiscal year of the Company, such limitation to be applied in a manner consistent with the requirements of, and onlyto the extent required for compliance with, the exclusion from the limitation on deductibility of compensation under Code Section 162(m). The number and class ofshares available under the 2018 Plan are subject to adjustment in the event of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, share splits, sharedividends, or other similar events which change the number or kind of shares outstanding.64Table of ContentsTransferability. Unless otherwise provided in the 2018 Plan or otherwise determined by the administrator, an award may not be sold, pledged, assigned,hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution and may be exercised, during the lifetime of theparticipant, only by the participant. However, the administrator may, at or after the grant of an award other than an ISO, provide that such award may be transferredby the recipient to a “family member” (as defined in the 2018 Plan); provided, however, that any such transfer is without payment of any consideration whatsoeverand that no transfer shall be valid unless first approved by the administrator, acting in its sole discretion, and as required by our Amended and Restated Articles ofIncorporation. If the administrator makes an award transferable, such award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the administrator deemsappropriate.Termination of, or Amendments to, the 2018 Plan. The Board may at any time amend, alter, suspend or terminate the 2018 Plan, provided that the Company willobtain shareholder approval of any 2018 Plan amendment to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with applicable Laws. No amendment, alteration,suspension or termination of the 2018 Plan will impair the rights of any participant, unless mutually agreed otherwise between the participant and the administrator,which agreement must be in writing and signed by the participant and the Company. Termination of the 2018 Plan will not affect the administrator’s ability to exercisethe powers granted to it hereunder with respect to awards granted prior to the date of such termination.The 2018 Plan will terminate five years following the date it was adopted by the Board, unless sooner terminated by the Board.Employment AgreementsPlease refer to Item 10 “Additional Information—C. Material Contracts.”C.Board PracticesOur board of directors currently consists of seven members, Keyan Yan, Lixia Tu, John Sano, Themis Kalapotharakos, Matthew C. Los, Yuet Mei Chan andZhongmin Zhang.The Board has established the Audit Committee, which is comprised entirely of independent directors. From time to time, the Board may establish other committees.Audit CommitteeOur Audit Committee is currently composed of three members: Yuet Mei Chan, John Sano and Matthew C. Los. Our Board of Directors determined that each memberof the Audit Committee meets the independence criteria prescribed by applicable regulation and the rules of the SEC for audit committee membership. Each AuditCommittee member also meets NASDAQ’s financial literacy requirements. Matthew C. Los serves as Chair of the Audit Committee.Our Board of Directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is the “audit committee financial expert” as such term is defined in Item 407(d) of Regulation SKpromulgated by the SEC and also meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements.The Audit Committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our Company. The Audit Committee isresponsible for, among other things:●the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the independent auditor;●reviewing and preapproving all auditing services and permissible nonaudit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed by theindependent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed relatedparty transactions;●discussing the interim and annual financial statements with management and our independent auditors;●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor (a) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls, (b) theCompany’s internal audit procedures, and (c) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, and managementreports thereon;65Table of Contents●reviewing reported violations of the Company’s code of conduct and business ethics; and●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor various topics and events that may have significant financial impact on theCompany or that are the subject of discussions between management and the independent auditors.D.EmployeesAs of December 31, 2018, we employed 370 fulltime employees. The following table sets forth the number of our fulltime employees by function. FunctionNumber ofEmployeesManagement and Administration28Marketing, Sales and Distribution18Design and Product Development20Production281Procurement, Warehousing and Logistics19Quality and Assurance7TOTAL370We believe that we have maintained a satisfactory working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any significant labor disputes or anydifficulty in recruiting staff for company’s operations. None of company’s employees is represented by a labor union.Our employees in China participate in a state pension plan organized by Chinese municipal and provincial governments. The company is required to make monthlycontributions to the plan for each employee at the rate of 23% of his or her average assessable salary. In addition, the company is required by Chinese law to coveremployees in China with various types of social insurance. The company believes that it is in material compliance with the relevant PRC laws.E.Share OwnershipThe following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of each class of our voting securities as of April 26, 2019 (i) by each person who is knownby us to beneficially own more than 5% of our voting securities; (ii) by each of our officers and directors; and (iii) by all of our officers and directors as a group.NameOffice, If AnyTitle of ClassAmount andNature ofBeneficialOwnership(1)Percent ofClass(2)Officers and DirectorsKeyan Yan(3)Chairman, CEO and PresidentCommon Stock964,32037.21%Lixia TuChief Financial Officer and DirectorCommon Stock60,0002.32%Themis KalapotharakosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%John SanoDirectorCommon Stock5,0000.19%Matthew C. LosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%Zhongmin ZhangDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%Yuet Mei ChanDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%All officers and directors as a group (7 personsnamed above)1,129,32043.58%5% Security HoldersKeyan Yan (3)Common Stock964,32037.21%Alliance Investment Management Limited(4)Common Stock195,488(4)7.54%*Less than 1%(1)Beneficial Ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Eachof the beneficial owners listed above has direct ownership of and sole voting power and investment power with respect to our common stock.66Table of Contents(2)As of April 26, 2019, a total of 2,591,299 shares of commons stock are considered to be outstanding pursuant to SEC Rule 13d3(d)(1). For each Beneficial Ownerabove, any securities that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days have been included in the denominator.(3)Includes 20,000 shares of common stock owned by Bizhen Chen, Mr. Yan’s wife.(4)Based solely on Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on August 8, 2018, in which Alliance Investment Management reported it has sole voting and dispositivepower with respect to 195,488 shares of our common stock. The address of the reporting person is 7 Belmont Road, Kingston, Jamaica.None of our existing shareholders has voting rights that differ from the voting rights of other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at asubsequent date, result in our change in control.ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSA.Major ShareholdersPlease refer to Item 6 “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.”B.Related Party TransactionsFrom time to time, KBS and its subsidiaries borrowed money from our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Keyan Yan, to pay for Company expenses. Theseamounts are interestfree, unsecured and repayable on demand. In years 2017 and 2016, Mr. Yan paid all the Company expenses in connection with the Company’sNasdaq continued listing and SEC reporting out of his pocket. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of these amounts we borrowed from Mr. Yan was$485,302 and $35,483, respectively.C.Interests of Experts and CounselNot applicable.ITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATIONA.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial InformationFinancial StatementsWe have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this report. See Item 18 “Financial Statements.”Legal Proceedings We may be subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our business from time to time. We are currently not party to anylegal or arbitration proceedings, including those relating to bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings and those involving any third party, which may have, orhave had in the recent past, significant effects on our financial position or profitability.Dividend PolicyTo date, we have not paid any cash dividends on our shares. As a Marshall Islands company, we may only declare and pay dividends except when the corporationis insolvent or would thereby be made insolvent or when the declaration or payment would be contrary to any restrictions contained in our Articles ofIncorporation. Dividends may be declared and paid out of surplus only; but in case there is no surplus, dividends may be declared or paid out of the net profits forthe fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and for the preceding fiscal year. We currently anticipate that we will retain any available funds to finance thegrowth and operation of our business and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our cash held in foreign countriesmay be subject to certain control limitations or repatriation requirements, limiting our ability to use this cash to pay dividends.67Table of ContentsB.Significant ChangesNo significant change has occurred since the date of our consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTINGA.Offer and Listing DetailsOur common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market and trade under the symbol “KBSF.” Between January 23, 2013 and November 3, 2014, our commonstock was traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “AQU.” Our Warrants and Units are quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “KBSFW”and “KBSFU”, respectively. Prior to November 3, 2014, our Warrants and Units were quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “AQUUF” and “AQUUU”,respectively. Before their quotation on the OTC Markets, our Units commenced to trade on the Nasdaq Stock Market on October 26, 2012 and our Warrantscommenced to trade separately from its Units on January 23, 2013.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.Approximate Number of Holders of Our SecuritiesOn April 26, 2019, there was 1 holder of record of our Units, 359 shareholders of record of our common stock and 1 holder of record of our Warrants. Certain of oursecurities are held in nominee or street name so the actual number of beneficial owners of our securities is greater than the number of record holders set forth above.B.Plan of DistributionNot applicable.C.MarketsSee our disclosures above under “A. Offer and Listing Details.”D.Selling ShareholdersNot applicable. E.DilutionNot applicable.F.Expenses of the IssueNot applicable.68Table of ContentsITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONA.Share CapitalOur Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation authorize the Company to issue up to 155,000,000 shares with a par value of $0.0001, consisting of 150,000,000shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of date of this report, there are 2,591,299 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Wehave never issued any preferred stock.●As of date of this report, we have 717 IPO Units outstanding.●As of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding (including 369,302 IPO Warrants and 24,534 Placement Warrants), each warrant entitles theholder to purchase one share of common stock at a purchase price of $172.5.B.Memorandum and Articles of AssociationThe following represents a summary of certain key provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. The summary does not purport to be a summary of allof the provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. For more complete information you should read our amended and restated articles ofincorporation and bylaws, each listed as an exhibit to this report.We were incorporated in the Marshall Islands on January 26, 2012 under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BCA”). The purpose of the Company isto engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may now or hereafter be organized under the BCA. Our amended and restated articles of incorporationand bylaws do not impose any limitations on the ownership rights of our stockholders.Description of Common StockEach outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Upon our dissolution, liquidation orwinding up of the affairs of the Company, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidationpreferences, if any, the holders or our common stock will be entitled to receive pro rata our remaining assets available for distribution. Holders of common stock donot have conversion, redemption or preemptive rights to subscribe to any of our securities.Blank Check Preferred Stock.Our Board of Directors is authorized, without any further vote or action by our stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in different classesand series and, with respect to each class or series, to determine the designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights,conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the powers and rights associated with the common stock,at such times and on such other terms as they think proper. Our Board of Directors may issue shares of preferred stock on terms calculated to discourage, delay orprevent a change of control of our company or the removal of our management.WarrantsAs of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding, among which 369,302 warrants were issued to the public in our IPO (the “IPO Warrants”). Each ofthe IPO Warrants entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.5 expiring on July 31, 2019, provided that there is an effectiveregistration statement covering the shares of common stock underlying the IPO Warrants.69Table of ContentsThe Company may redeem the IPO Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon 30 days’ notice, after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, only inthe event that the last sale price of the shares of common stock is at least $17.50 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30trading day period (“30Day TradingPeriod”) ending three business days prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is a current registration statement in effect with respectto the shares of common stock underlying such IPO Warrants throughout the 30day redemption period. The Company is only required to use its best efforts tomaintain the effectiveness of the registration statement covering the underlying common stock of the IPO Warrants. There are no contractual penalties for failure todeliver securities if a registration statement is not effective at the time of exercise. Additionally, in the event that a registration statement is not effective at the time ofexercise, the holder of such warrant shall not be entitled to exercise such warrant for cash and in no event (whether in the case of a registration statement not beingeffective or otherwise) will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrant exercise.In addition, Aqua Investments Corp., an entity controlled by certain founding shareholders of the Company, acquired 24,534 warrants, each entitles the holder topurchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50, expiring on July 31, 2019 (the “Placement Warrants”). The Placement Warrants are identical to the IPOWarrants except that the Placement Warrants (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis; (ii) will not be redeemable by the Company and (ii) may beexercised even if there is not an effective registration statement relating to the shares underlying the warrants, so long as they are held by the initial purchaser orany of its permitted transferees.As of date of this report, we also have 717 IPO Units outstanding and publicly trading, each including one IPO Warrant and one share of our common stock.DirectorsThe business and affairs of the Company are managed by or under the direction of our Board of Directors.Our directors are elected by the holders of the shares representing a majority of the total voting power of the thenoutstanding capital stock of the Company entitledto vote generally in the election of directors (“Voting Stock”). Our amended and restated articles of incorporation provide that cumulative voting shall not be used toelect directors. Each director will be elected to serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his/her successor shall have been duly elected andqualified, except in the event of his/her death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of his/her term of office.Any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of thetotal voting power of the Voting Stock entitled to vote thereon or with cause by directors constituting at least twothirds of the entire Board.Vacancies in the Board of Directors occurring by death, resignation, the creation of new directorships, the failure of the shareholders to elect the whole board at anyannual election of directors, or, except as herein provided, for any other reason, including removal of directors for cause, may be filled either by the affirmative voteof a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, at any special meeting called for that purpose or at any regular meeting of theBoard. Vacancies occurring by removal of directors without cause may be filled only by vote of the shareholders.Shareholder MeetingsAnnual stockholder meetings will be held at a time and place selected by our board of directors. The meetings may be held in or outside of the Marshall Islands.Under our amended and restated articles of incorporation, special meetings may be called by the board of directors, or by the secretary of the Company requestedby stockholders representing certain amount of voting power. Our board of directors shall give not less than 15 days and not more than 60 days prior written noticeof a shareholders’ meeting to each shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat and to each shareholder of record who, by reason of any action proposed at suchmeeting would be entitled to have his/her shares appraised if such action were taken, and the notice shall include a statement of that purpose and to that effect.Our bylaws provide that a meeting of shareholders is duly constituted if, at the commencement of the meeting, there are shareholders present in person or by proxyrepresenting not less than a majority of the votes of the shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on resolutions of shareholders to be considered at themeeting.70Table of ContentsIf a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of stock represented at the meeting will be the act of the shareholders. At any meeting ofshareholders, each shareholder entitled to vote any shares on any manner to be voted upon at such meeting shall be entitled to one vote on such matter for eachsuch share. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the action so taken, issigned by all the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof.Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal and Payment.Under the BCA, our stockholders have the right to dissent from various corporate actions, including any merger or sale of all or substantially all of our assets notmade in the usual course of our business, and receive payment of the fair value of their shares. However, the right of a dissenting stockholder to receive payment ofthe fair value of his or her shares shall not be available for any shares of stock of the constituent corporation surviving a merger if the merger did not require for itsapproval the vote of the stockholders of the surviving corporation. In the event of any further amendment of our articles of incorporation, a stockholder also has theright to dissent and receive payment for his or her shares if the amendment alters certain rights in respect of those shares. The dissenting stockholder must followthe procedures set forth in the BCA to receive payment. In the event that we and any dissenting stockholder fail to agree on a price for the shares, the BCAprocedures involve, among other things, the institution of proceedings in the circuit court in the judicial circuit in the Marshall Islands in which our Marshall Islandsoffice is situated. The value of the shares of the dissenting stockholder is fixed by the court after reference, if the court so elects, to the recommendations of a courtappointed appraiser.Stockholders’ Derivative ActionsUnder the BCA, any of our stockholders may bring an action in our name to procure a judgment in our favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that thestockholder bringing the action is a holder of common stock both at the time the derivative action is commenced and at the time of the transaction to which theaction relates.Indemnification of Officers and DirectorsThe BCA authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors and officers to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages forbreaches of directors’ fiduciary duties. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation include a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors formonetary damages for actions taken as a director to the fullest extent permitted by law. We must indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorizedby law. We are also expressly authorized to advance certain expenses (including attorneys’ fees and disbursements and court costs) to our directors and offices andcarry directors’ and officers’ insurance providing indemnification for our directors, officers and certain employees for some liabilities.The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws may discourage stockholders frombringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigationagainst directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. In addition, your investment may beadversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.C.Material ContractsWe have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in Item 4 “Information on theCompany,” Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations,” Item 7 “Major Shareholders and RelatedParty Transactions,” or filed (or incorporated by reference) as exhibits to this annual report or otherwise described or referenced in this annual report.D.Exchange ControlsMarshall Islands Exchange ControlsUnder Marshall Islands law, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect theremittance of dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our shares.71Table of ContentsBVI Exchange ControlsThere are no material exchange controls restrictions on payment of dividends, interest or other payments to the holders of our common stock or on the conduct ofour operations in the BVI, where we were incorporated. There are no material BVI laws that impose any material exchange controls on us or that affect the paymentof dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our common stock. BVI law and our memorandum and articles of association do not impose anymaterial limitations on the right of nonresidents or foreign owners to hold or vote our common stock.PRC Exchange ControlsRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued bySAFE and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade and service payments, payment ofinterest and dividends can be made without prior approval from SAFE by following the appropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMBinto foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRC for the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments,loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from SAFE or its local office.On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency Management Policy on Direct Investment, effective fromJune 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investmentfrom SAFE. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for the purpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed withqualified banks, which, under the supervision of SAFE, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise, or SAFE Circular 19,was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to SAFE Circular 19, a foreigninvested enterprise may, according to its actualbusiness needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchange bureau has confirmedmonetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the time being, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shall truthfully use itscapital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equity investment with theamount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open a corresponding Account forForeign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming andRegulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or SAFE Circular 16, was promulgated and became effective on June 9,2016. According to SAFE Circular 16, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreign currency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionarybasis. SAFE Circular 16 provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items (including but not limited to foreigncurrency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. SAFE Circular 16 reiterates the principle thatRenminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope andmay not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guarantee the principal within the PRCunless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless it is within the businessscope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Optimizing Genuineness and ComplianceVerification, or SAFE Circular 3, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits from domestic entities tooffshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution, original copies oftax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses before remitting any profits.Moreover, pursuant to SAFE Circular 3, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provide boardresolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.72Table of ContentsRegulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsSAFE issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special PurposeVehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issues Concerning theRegulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles, to regulateforeign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investment and financing orconduct round trip investment in China. SAFE Circular 37 defines a SPV as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly or indirectly, by PRC residents orentities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets or interests, while “round tripinvestment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through SPVs, namely, establishing foreigninvested enterprises to obtain theownership, control rights and management rights. SAFE Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into an SPV, PRC residents or entities be required tocomplete foreign exchange registration with SAFE or its local branch. In addition, SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving theAdministration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended SAFE Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015,requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.PRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to SPVs but had not obtained registration as required before theimplementation of the SAFE Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the SPVs with qualified banks. An amendment to the registration isrequired if there is a material change with respect to the SPV registered, such as any change of basic information (including change of the PRC residents, name andoperation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers or divisions. Failure to comply with the registrationprocedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclose controllers of the foreigninvestedenterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to itsoffshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities to penalties under PRC foreignexchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companiesby PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRCsubsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansSAFE promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan ofOverseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issued by SAFE in March 2007. Pursuant tothe Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residents participating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted companyare required to register with SAFE or its local branches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents mustconduct the SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of theoverseas publicly listed company or another qualified institution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevantSAFE registration should there be any material change to the stock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of thePRC residents who have the right to exercise the employee stock options, apply to SAFE or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreigncurrencies in connection with the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the saleof shares under the stock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRCopened by the PRC agents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.73Table of ContentsWe adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We have advised therecipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice. However, wecannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subjectthe PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016 respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014 respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our BVI holding company may rely on dividend payments from IST,which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on the ability of ourconsolidated VIEs to make remittance to IST and on the ability of IST to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations ofthose entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends andother distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you,and otherwise fund and conduct our business”E.TaxationThe following is a general summary of the material Marshall Islands, Hong Kong, BVI, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to an investmentin our units, shares of common stock and warrants to acquire our shares of common stock, sometimes referred to collectively in this summary as our “securities”.The discussion is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal or tax advice to any particular prospective purchaser. The discussion is based on lawsand relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change or different interpretations, possibly withretroactive effect. The discussion does not address United States state or local tax laws, or tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Marshall Islands, Hong Kong,the BVI, the PRC and the United States. We recommend that you consult your own tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquisition, ownership anddisposition of our securities.Marshall Islands TaxationThe following are the material Marshall Islands tax consequences of our activities to us and to our stockholders and warrant holders of investing in our CommonStock and warrants. Under current Marshall Islands law, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains, and no Marshall Islands withholding tax or income taxwill be imposed upon payments of dividends by us to our stockholders or proceeds from the disposition of our common stock and warrants, provided suchstockholders or warrant holders, as the case may be, are not residents in the Marshall Islands. There is no tax treaty between the United States and the Republic ofthe Marshall Islands.BVI TaxationThe BVI does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid to us by our BVI subsidiary, nor does the BVI levy any capital gains or income taxes on us or our BVIsubsidiary. However, our BVI subsidiary is required to pay the BVI government an annual license fee based on the number of shares it is authorized to issue.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the BVI.74Table of ContentsHong Kong TaxationOur Hong Kong subsidiaries, under the current laws of Hong Kong, are subject to profits tax of 16.5%. No provision for Hong Kong profits tax has been made asour Hong Kong subsidiaries have no taxable income.PRC TaxationWe are a holding company incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which indirectly holds our equity interests in our PRC operating subsidiaries. The EIT Law and itsimplementation rules, both of which became effective as of January 1, 2008, provide that a PRC enterprise is subject to a standard income tax rate of 25% and Chinasourced income of foreign enterprises, such as dividends paid by a PRC subsidiary to its overseas parent, will normally be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of10%, unless there are applicable treaties between the overseas parent’s jurisdiction of incorporation and China to reduce such rate.Under the Arrangement between the Mainland and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention ofFiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, or the Double Taxation Arrangement, effective as of January 1, 2007, such dividend withholding tax rate is reducedto 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns over 25% of the PRC company distributing the dividends. Under the aforesaid arrangement, any dividends that ourPRC operating subsidiaries pay to their Hong Kong holding companies may be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 5% if they are not considered to be a PRC“resident enterprise” as described below. However, if the Hong Kong holdings companies are not considered to be the “beneficial owner” of such dividends underthe Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties promulgated by the State Administration of Taxation on October 27,2009 (and not a PRC “resident enterprise”), such dividends would be subject to the withholding tax rate of 10%. The withholding tax rate of 5% or 10% applicablewill have a significant impact on the amount of dividends to be received by us and ultimately by shareholders.According to the Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties, the term “beneficial owner” refers to a person who hasthe right to own and dispose of the income and the rights or properties generated from the said income. The “beneficial owner” may be an individual, a company orany other organization which is usually engaged in substantial business operations. A conduit company is not a “beneficial owner.” The term “conduit company”refers to a company which is usually established for purposes of dodging or reducing taxes, and transferring or accumulating profits. Such a company is onlyregistered in the country of domicile to satisfy the organizational form as required by law, but it does not engage in such substantial business operations asmanufacturing, distribution and management. As our Hong Kong holding companies are controlling companies and are not engaged in substantial businessoperations, they could be considered as conduit companies by tax authorities and we do not expect them to be a beneficial owner.In addition to the changes to the current tax structure, under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto management bodies” withinChina is considered a resident enterprise and will normally be subject to an EIT of 25% on its global income. The implementing rules define the term “de factomanagement bodies” as “an establishment that exercises, in substance, overall management and control over the production, business, personnel, accounting, etc.,of a Chinese enterprise.”It remains unclear whether the PRC tax authorities would require or permit our overseas registered entities to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. We do notcurrently consider our company to be a PRC resident enterprise. However, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterpriseincome tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on ourworldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on offering proceedsand nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although under the EIT Law and its implementing rulesdividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued guidance with respect to the processing ofoutbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidance issuedwith respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation in which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to our nonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC shareholders from transferring our shares.75Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income TaxationThe following is a discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our securities. It does notpurport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s situation. The discussion applies only toholders that hold their securities as capital assets (generally property held for investment) within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based on the Code, income tax regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial positions, published positions of theInternal Revenue Service, or the IRS, and other applicable authorities, all as in effect as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly withretroactive effect. This discussion is general in nature and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations, nor does the discussion address any state, local orforeign tax considerations or any U.S. tax considerations (e.g., estate or gift tax) other than U.S. federal income tax considerations, that may be applicable toparticular holders.This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant in light of particular circumstances, nor does it address the U.S.federal income tax consequences to persons who are subject to special rules under U.S. federal income tax law, including:●banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions;●persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;●taxexempt organizations;●controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid United States federal incometax;●certain former citizens or longterm residents of the United States;●dealers in securities or currencies;●traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting for their securities holdings;●persons that own, or are deemed to own, more than five percent of our capital stock;●holders who acquired our stock as compensation or pursuant to the exercise of a stock option; or●persons who hold our shares as a position in a hedging transaction, “straddle,” or other risk reduction transaction.For purposes of this discussion, a U.S. holder is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (ii) acorporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States (or treated assuch under applicable U.S. tax laws), any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardlessof its source; or (iv) a trust if (a) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have theauthority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) it has a valid election in effect under applicable law and regulations to be treated as a U.S. person forU.S. federal income tax purposes. A nonU.S. holder is a holder that is neither a U.S. holder nor a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S.federal income tax purposes.In the case of a partnership or entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally willdepend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal incometax consequences to them of the merger or of the ownership and disposition of our shares.As a result of consummation of the Share Exchange, (i) we acquired substantially all the properties of KBS International, a U.S. corporation, and (ii) the formershareholders of KBS International held at least 80 percent of our common stock by reason of having held stock of KBS International. Accordingly, under Section7874 of the Code, we are treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as a U.S. corporation and, among other consequences, are subject to U.S. federal income tax on ourworldwide income. This discussion assumes that Section 7874 of the Code continues to apply to treat us as a U.S. corporation for all purposes under the Code. If,for some reason (e.g., future repeal of Section 7874 of the Code), we were no longer treated as a U.S. corporation under the Code, the U.S. federal income taxconsequences described herein could be materially and adversely affected.76Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. HoldersDistributionsIn the event that distributions are paid on our common stock, the gross amount of such distributions will be included in the gross income of the U.S. holder asdividend income on the date of receipt to the extent that the distribution is paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federalincome tax principles. Such dividends will be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Dividends received by noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, may be subject to reduced rates of taxation under current law. A U.S. holdermay be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed on dividends paid by us. However, the foreign tax credit rules arecomplex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 of the Code and the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and theGovernment of the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, or theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty, is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may be entitled to underthe foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.To the extent that dividends paid on our common stock exceed current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distributions will be treated first as a taxfree returnof tax basis on our common stock, and to the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds tax basis, the excess will be treated as gain from the disposition ofthose common stock. Because Section 7874 of the Code has applied to treat us as a U.S. corporation only since consummation of the Share Exchange in 2014, wemay not be able to demonstrate to the IRS the extent to which a distribution on our common stock exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (asdetermined under U.S. federal income tax principles), in which case all of such distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.Sale or Other DispositionU.S. holders of our common stock will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of common stock equal to the differencebetween the amount realized for the common stock and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the common stock. This gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss. Undercurrent law, noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, are eligible for reduced tax rates if the common stock has been held for more than one year. Thedeductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. A U.S. holder may be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed ongain from the sale or other disposition of common stock. However, the foreign tax credit rules are complex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 ofthe Code and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may beentitled to under the foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Unearned Income Medicare ContributionCertain U.S. holders who are individuals, trusts or estates are required to pay an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on, among other things, dividends on and capitalgains from the sale or other disposition of shares of stock. U.S. holders should consult their own advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this rule on their ownershipand disposition of our common stock.U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for NonU.S. HoldersDistributionsThe rules applicable to nonU.S. holders for determining the extent to which distributions on our common stock, if any, constitute dividends for U.S. federal incometax purposes are the same as for U.S. holders. See “–U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. Holders– Distributions.”77Table of ContentsAny dividends paid to a nonU.S. holder by us are treated as income derived from sources within the United States and generally will be subject to U.S. federalincome tax withholding at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends, or at a lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty if nonU.S. holdersprovide proper certification of eligibility for the lower rate (usually on IRS Form W8BEN or W8BENE). Dividends received by a nonU.S. holder that are effectivelyconnected with such holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business (and, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained bythe nonU.S. holder in the U.S.) are exempt from such withholding tax, provided that applicable certification requirements are satisfied. In such case, however, nonU.S. holders will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such dividends, net of certain deductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. In addition, corporatenonU.S. holders may be subject to an additional branch profits tax equal to 30% or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable tax treaty on dividendsreceived that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.If nonU.S. holders are eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, such nonU.S. holders may obtain a refund ofany excess amounts withheld by filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.Sale or Other DispositionExcept as described below for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, any gain realized by a nonU.S. holder upon the saleor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:criminal liability in serious cases.According to the PRC Product Quality Law, consumers or other victims who suffer injury or property losses due to product defects may demand compensation fromthe manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the corresponding amount from the manufacturer if the manufactureris responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Relating to Consumer ProtectionThe principal legal provisions for the protection of consumer interests are set forth in the Law of the PRC on Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests, or theConsumer Protection Law, which was promulgated in October 1993 amended in October 2013. The Consumer Protection Law sets forth standards of behavior thatbusinesses must observe in their dealings with consumers.Violations of the Consumer Protection Law may result in the imposition of fines. In addition, the violating entity may be ordered to suspend its operations, and itsbusiness license may be revoked. There may also be criminal liability in serious cases.According to the Consumer Protection Law, if the legal rights and interests of a consumer are violated during the purchase or use of goods, the consumer may seekcompensation from the seller. If the manufacturer or an upstream distributor is responsible, after compensating the consumer, the seller may recover thecorresponding amount from the manufacturer or the upstream distributor. Consumers or other persons who suffer personal injury or property damages due todefects in products may seek compensation from the manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the correspondingamount from the manufacturer if the manufacturer is responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Related to TrademarksThe PRC Trademark Law, adopted in 1982 and revised in 2001 and 2013, protects the proprietary rights to registered trademarks. The Trademark Office under theState Administration of Industry and Commerce handles trademark registration and grants a term of ten years to registered trademarks and another ten years totrademarks as requested upon expiry of the prior term. Trademark license agreements and transfer agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record.37Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Environmental MattersOur facilities are subject to various governmental regulations related to environmental protection. We use a myriad of chemicals in our operations and produceemissions that could pose environmental risks. Our manufacturing facilities are subject to various pollution control regulations with respect to noise, water and airpollution and the disposal of waste and hazardous materials, including, China’s Environmental Protection Law, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Appraisingof Environment Impacts, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of AirPollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution, and China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of NoisePollution. We are subject to periodic inspections by local environmental protection authorities.We did not incur material costs in environmental compliance in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016. We believe we are in material compliance with the relevant PRCenvironmental laws and regulations. We are not currently subject to any pending actions alleging any violations of applicable PRC environmental laws.Regulations Related to EmploymentThe PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law require that employers must execute written employment contracts with fulltime employees. All employers mustcompensate their employees with wages equal to at least the local minimum wage standards. Violations of the PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law may resultin the imposition of fines and other administrative sanctions, and serious violations may constitute criminal offences.On December 28, 2012, the PRC Labor Contract Law was amended with effect on July 1, 2013 to impose more stringent requirements on labor dispatch. Under suchlaw, dispatched workers are entitled to pay equal to that of fulltime employees for equal work, but the number of dispatched workers that an employer hires may notexceed a certain percentage of its total number of employees as determined by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Additionally, dispatchedworkers are only permitted to engage in temporary, auxiliary or substitute work. According to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch promulgated by theMinistry of Human Resources and Social Security on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014, the number of dispatched workers hired by anemployer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees (including both directly hired employees and dispatched workers). The Interim Provisions onLabor Dispatch require employers not in compliance with the PRC Labor Contract Law in this regard to reduce the number of its dispatched workers to below 10% ofthe total number of its employees prior to March 1, 2016.Enterprises in China are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in certain employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pensionplan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a workrelated injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund,and contribute to the plans or funds in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of the employees as specified by thelocal government from time to time at locations where they operate their businesses or where they are located. The enterprise may be ordered to pay the full amountwithin a deadline if it fails to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans and may be subject to fines and other administrative sanctions.Regulations Relating to Foreign ExchangeRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued by theState Administration of Foreign Exchange and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade andservice payments, payment of interest and dividends can be made without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange by following theappropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRCfor the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange or its local office.38Table of ContentsOn February 13, 2015, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency ManagementPolicy on Direct Investment, effective from June 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign directinvestment and overseas direct investment from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for thepurpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed with qualified banks, which, under the supervision of the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to this Circular, a foreigninvested enterprise may,according to its actual business needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchangebureau has confirmed monetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the timebeing, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shalltruthfully use its capital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equityinvestment with the amount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open acorresponding Account for Foreign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of theState Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts waspromulgated and became effective on June 9, 2016. According to this Circular, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreigncurrency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionary basis. This Circular provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items(including but not limited to foreign currency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. ThisCircular reiterates the principle that Renminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposesbeyond its business scope and may not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guaranteethe principal within the PRC unless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless itis within the business scope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration andOptimizing Genuineness and Compliance Verification, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits fromdomestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution,original copies of tax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses beforeremitting any profits. Moreover, pursuant to this Circular, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provideboard resolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and RoundtripInvestment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Issues Concerning the Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore SpecialPurpose Vehicles, to regulate foreign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investmentand financing or conduct round trip investment in China. Circular 37 defines a “special purpose vehicle” as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly orindirectly, by PRC residents or entities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets orinterests, while “round trip investment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through special purpose vehicles, namely, establishingforeigninvested enterprises to obtain the ownership, control rights and management rights. Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into a specialpurpose vehicle, PRC residents or entities be required to complete foreign exchange registration with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranch. In addition, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the ForeignExchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015, requiring PRC residents or entities toregister with qualified banks rather than the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.39Table of ContentsPRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to special purpose vehicles but had not obtained registration asrequired before the implementation of the Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the special purpose vehicles with qualified banks. Anamendment to the registration is required if there is a material change with respect to the special purpose vehicle registered, such as any change of basic information(including change of the PRC residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers ordivisions. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclosecontrollers of the foreigninvested enterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchangeactivities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, sharetransfer or liquidation, to its offshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities topenalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating toinvestments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our abilityto inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic IndividualsParticipating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issuedby the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in March 2007. Pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residentsparticipating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted company are required to register with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents must conduct the registration and other procedures withrespect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of the overseas publicly listed company or another qualifiedinstitution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevant registration should there be any material change to thestock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of the PRC residents who have the right to exercise the employeestock options, apply to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreign currencies in connectionwith the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the sale of shares under thestock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRC opened by the PRCagents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.We have adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we will have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We haveadvised the recipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.However, we cannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock IncentivePlan Notice. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plansmay subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016, respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014, respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our Marshall Islands holding company may rely on dividend paymentsfrom Hongri PRC, which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on theability of our other PRC subsidiaries to make remittance to Hongri PRC and on the ability of Hongri PRC to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cashgenerated by the operations of those entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We rely to a significant extent on dividends and otherdistributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiary to fund offshore cash and financing requirements.”40Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Overseas ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the StateOwned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective onSeptember 8, 2006 and was amended on June 22, 2009. These regulations, among other things, require that (i) PRC entities or individuals obtain approval from theMinistry of Commerce before they establish or control a special purpose vehicle overseas, provided that they intend to use the special purpose vehicle to acquiretheir equity interests in a PRC company at the consideration of newly issued share of the special purpose vehicle, or Share Swap, and list their equity interests in thePRC company overseas by listing the special purpose vehicle in an overseas market; (ii) the special purpose vehicle obtains approval from the Ministry ofCommerce before it acquires the equity interests held by the PRC entities or PRC individual in the PRC company by Share Swap; and (iii) the special purpose vehicleobtains China Securities Regulatory Commission approval before it lists overseas. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The approval ofthe China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with this offering under a PRC regulation. The regulation also establishes more complexprocedures for acquisitions conducted by foreign investors that could make it more difficult for us to grow through acquisitions.”Regulations Relating to TaxationDividend Withholding TaxIn March 2007, the National People’s Congress enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law which became effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on February 24,2017. According to Enterprise Income Tax Law, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a foreigninvested enterprise in China to its foreignenterprise investors are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that providesfor a preferential withholding arrangement. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Negotiated Reduction of Dividends and Interest Rates,issued on January 29, 2008 and supplemented and revised on February 29, 2008, and the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, which became effective onDecember 8, 2006 and applicable to income derived in any year of assessment commencing on or after April 1, 2007 in Hong Kong and in any year commencing on orafter January 1, 2007 in the PRC, such withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong enterprise is deemed the beneficial owner of any dividend paid by aPRC subsidiary by PRC tax authorities and holds at least 25% of the equity interest in that particular PRC subsidiary at all times within the 12month periodimmediately prior to the distribution of the dividends. Furthermore, pursuant to the Announcement on Issues concerning “Beneficial Owners” in Tax Treaties issuedon February 3, 2018 by the State Administration of Taxation, when determining the status of “beneficial owners,” a comprehensive analysis may be conductedthrough materials such as articles of association, financial statements, records of capital flows, minutes of board of directors, resolutions of board of directors,allocation of manpower and material resources, the relevant expenses, functions and risk assumption, loan contracts, royalty contracts or transfer contracts, patentregistration certificates and copyright certificates, etc. However, even if an applicant has the status as a “beneficiary owner,” if the competent tax authority findsnecessity to apply the principal purpose test clause in the tax treaties or the general antitax avoidance rules stipulated in domestic tax laws, the general antitaxavoidance provisions shall apply.Enterprise Income TaxIn December 2007, the State Council promulgated the Implementing Rules of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008. TheEnterprise Income Tax Law and its relevant implementing rules (i) impose a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate, which is applicable to both foreigninvestedenterprises and domestic enterprises (ii) permits companies to continue to enjoy their existing tax incentives, subject to certain transitional phaseout rules and(iii) introduces new tax incentives, subject to various qualification criteria.41Table of ContentsThe Enterprise Income Tax Law also provides that enterprises organized under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies”located within China may be considered PRC resident enterprises and therefore be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwideincome. The implementing rules further define the term “de facto management body” as the management body that exercises substantial and overall managementand control over the production and operations, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. If an enterprise organized under the laws of jurisdictionoutside China is considered a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, itwould be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. Second, a 10% withholding tax would be imposed on dividends itpays to its nonPRC enterprise shareholders and with respect to gains derived by its nonPRC enterprise shareholders from transfer of its shares.On October 17, 2017, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Bulletin on Issues Concerning the Withholding of NonPRC Resident Enterprise Income Tax atSource, or Bulletin 37, which replaced the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by NonPRC Resident Enterprisesissued by the State Administration of Taxation on December 10, 2009, and partially replaced and supplemented rules under the Bulletin on Issues of EnterpriseIncome Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by NonPRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7, issued by the State Administration of Taxation on February 3, 2015.Under Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by nonPRC resident enterprises may be recharacterizedand treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose ofavoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. In respect of anindirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the relevant gain is to be regarded as effectively connected with the PRC establishment and thereforeincluded in its enterprise income tax filing, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relatesto the immoveable properties in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not effectively connected to a PRC establishment of a nonresident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax at 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similararrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Pursuant to Bulletin 37, the withholding party shalldeclare and pay the withheld tax to the competent tax authority in the place where such withholding party is located within seven days from the date of occurrenceof the withholding obligation. Both Bulletin 37 and Bulletin 7 do not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange wheresuch shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We and our existingshareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a Chinese establishmentof a nonChinese company, or immovable properties located in China owned by nonChinese companies.”ValueAdded TaxIn November 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Pilot Plan for Imposition of ValueAdded Tax to ReplaceBusiness Tax. In March 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation further promulgated the Notice on Fully Promoting the Pilot Plan forReplacing Business Tax by ValueAdded Tax. Pursuant to this Pilot Plan and the relevant notice, value added tax at a rate of 6% is generally imposed, on anationwide basis, on the revenue generated from the provision of service in lieu of business tax in the modern service industries. Value added tax of a rate of 6%applies to revenue derived from the provision of some modern services. Unlike business tax, a taxpayer is allowed to offset the qualified input value added tax paidon taxable purchases against the output value added tax chargeable on the modern services provided.C.Organizational StructureSee “—A. History and Development of the Company—Corporate Structure” above for details of our current organizational structure.42Table of ContentsD.Property, Plants and EquipmentOur company has established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31,2018, this network was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, our company’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The facilityhas a production capacity of 2 million pieces per year and we move in upon the completion of phase 2 in year 2015. By relocating from the coastal area to AnhuiProvince, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a more stable labor supply. We manufacture a variety of menswear products, including, jeans,shirts, suits and socks. Because of its variety and complexity in the production process, these products require special sewing machines and workmanship, whichwe currently do not possess. As a result, the Company is not yet able to produce KBS branded products and has outsourced its KBS branded productmanufacturing to other established ODM and OEM manufacturers in the Fujian and Zhejiang regions. The Company has completed the second phase constructionof its new factory at the end of 2014. The second phase has an annual production capacity of 5 million pieces subject to our purchasing additional equipment.Currently Anhui factory mainly produces OEM orders and some international orders.Our production facility consists of total 110,557 square meters of land. We obtained a portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square metersand 2,440 square meters in May 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildingsand offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need foradditional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of landhas been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Oncethe construction of the new production facilities is completed, our total production capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year fromthe current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.In 2016, we closed 1 corporate store and as of December 31, 2018, we leased the premises for our sole remaining corporate store. We have undertaken variousmeasures to verify the lessees’ rights to the property leased to us in respect of its stores. In China, all land is owned by the State or other governmental bodies, and“ownership” is generally evidenced by a land use rights certificate. We rent some stores that were located in rural areas where land use rights are held collectivelyby villages and records regarding the ownership of land use rights are frequently not kept. In these cases, the company has confirmed our ability to lease the storesthrough communications with village authorities, and has reviewed electricity and water bills to confirm utilities are being paid by the parties leasing the premises tous. Based on the results of these efforts, we believe the risk of third party claims against our leases of these stores is relatively small and the measures taken by ourcompany are sufficient to verify the land use rights for all of its stores.In addition, the property used as our head office and corporate store is leased from a related party, whose ownership of the property has been verified by ourcompany. We paid a total of RMB720,000, RMB 720,000, and RMB 720,000, as rental fees for the existing corporate stores during the fiscal years 2016, 2017 and 2018,respectively. The total area of these 2 corporate stores is 158 square meters. The sales of each store and its location are shown below:AreaSales in fiscalyear 2016(USD)Sales in fiscalyear 2017(USD)Sales in fiscalyear2018(USD)Shishi factory1,240,354.74772,299691,431Quanzhou Dayang (closed in 2016)470,280.90Total:1,710,635.64772,299691,43143Table of ContentsITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot required.ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSWe are engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of casual menswear in China, including apparel and accessories, which we market under the KBSbrand. The KBS brand was developed in 2006. Before 2012, we were engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of fashion sportswear in China. Sinceour products feature a unique and stylish design that is more fashionable than traditional sportswear, as well as quality fabrics and materials and the sportswearmarket was becoming more and more competitive, in late 2011 we turned our focus on casual menswear market which has higher profit margin. KBS’s apparelproducts include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, Jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, belts and caps. In 2016, the suggestedretail prices of KBS’s products ranged from RMB199 to RMB1,499 for its apparel products and RMB15 to RMB899 for its accessory products. KBS holds newproducts launch events twice every year, one in spring and the other in autumn. Since 2006, we have launched about 1,500,536 collections of new products eachyear with a different theme to highlight the current trends for the season. KBS’s marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese.” KBS’scustomers are male middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range, primarily located in tier two and tier three cities in China. The company has adopted “KBS” as auniform brand name, which stands for “Keep Best Style”, and KBS are designed by us for a uniform look and feel that fits our brand image, with instore displaysthat accentuate the quality and style of our products across all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. We believe that the KBSbrand has become a recognized brand name in the cities where their products are sold.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors. Thenumber of stores grew significantly from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006 to 31 corporate stores as of December 31, 2012 and 96franchised stores as of December 31, 2013, and decreased to 84 stores as of December 31, 2014. Because of the recent softening of economic growing in China andfierce competition from our competitors, online store sales of franchised stores and corporate stores went down in 2015 as compared with the previous year. In 2017and 2018, the distributors closed 15 and 8 franchised stores, respectively, and we closed 1 corporate store in year 2016. We generate more revenues from OEM in2018 and intend to generate more in OEM and target area from acquisitions.KBS also acts as an original design manufacturer, or ODM, upon request. Income from such services accounted for 14%, 7.3% and 9% of revenue for the yearsended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, KBS’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The company believesthat the shortage of labor and rising wage expectations in China, especially in the coastal area, could have a material impact on our operations as well as itssuppliers’ cost of manufacturing. By relocating from the coastal area to inland Anhui Province, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a morestable labor supply. Since the company’s original production team was not ready to produce the new style KBS products, KBS has outsourced its productmanufacturing to other established ODM manufacturers. As such, KBS’s own production facility in Taihu mainly takes OEM orders from other sportswearcompanies, like Xtep. Our production facility in Taihu, Anhui Province includes three parcels of land with a total area of 110,557 square meters. We have obtainedland use rights for two parcels of land with an area of 9,845 square meters in 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction ofthe adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire theland use right of the third parcel of land. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 can be continued. Once completed, our totalproduction capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year. We do not necessarilyrely on our own production facility to satisfy the demand of our products as we may outsource some or all of the production work to various ODM and OEMmanufacturers in China.44Table of ContentsA.Principal Factors Affecting Financial PerformanceOur operating results are primarily affected by the following factors:●Growth of China’s menswear industry. With approximately onefifth of the world’s population and a fastgrowing gross domestic product, Chinarepresents a significant growth opportunity for a wide variety of retail goods, including apparel. The enhanced living standards and increased disposableincome that has resulted from the vibrant economic growth has driven the rapid development of the men’s apparel market in China in recent years. China iscurrently one of the world’s largest men’s apparel markets. As a leading provider of casual menswear in China, we believe we are well positioned tocapitalize on the favorable economic, demographic and industry trends in this sector.●Brand recognition. We derive all of our revenues from sales of the KBS branded products in China, and our success depends on the market perceptionand acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture, lifestyle and images associated with this brand. Market acceptance of our brand may affect the sellingprices and market demand for our products, the profit margin of us can achieve, and our ability to grow.●Ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network. The ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in terms of floor area in our salesnetwork affects our results of operations in a given period. The franchised stores operated by our distributors have been and will continue to be the maincontributor to our revenue for the foreseeable future. Under the distribution business model, we sell directly to our distributors and recognize revenuesupon delivery of our products to them. Such distribution network has enabled us to accelerate sales growth at a much lower cost than opening direct storesand has limited our inventory and sales risks. Corporate stores operated by us, on the other hand, despite incurring more significant capital expenditures ascompared with franchised stores, allow us more control over our brand and the consumer’s shopping experience, which are important factors for the overallsuccess of our business. In addition, our corporate store sales generally have a higher gross profit margin than sales to distributors because we are able tosell the products at retail prices directly to the endconsumers and because we recognize expenses relating to our corporate stores as selling anddistribution expenses. Therefore, the ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network will affect our gross profit margin.●Product offering and pricing. Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define menswear trends as well as to anticipate, gauge andreact to changing consumer demands for menswear in a timely manner. Most of our products are subject to changing consumer preferences and fashiontrends that cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumer acceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, andour future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes.●Fluctuations in raw material supply and prices. The per unit cost of producing our products depends on the supply and price of raw materials,particularly fabrics such as cotton, wool and polyester, which have experienced volatility in past years. Increases in the price of raw materials wouldnegatively impact our gross margins if we are not able to offset such price increases through increases in our selling price or changes in product offeringsand mix.Financial Statement PresentationRevenue. During the periods covered by this section, we generated revenue from sales of our menswear products.45Table of ContentsCost of sales. During the periods covered by this section, our cost of sales primarily consisted of the costs of our outsourcing cost, raw materials, labor andoverhead. We did not have any inward or outward freight charges as these charges are borne by our distributors and suppliers.Gross profit and gross margin. For the periods covered by this section, our gross profit is equal to the difference between our net sales and cost of sales. Our grossmargin is equal to the gross profit divided by net sales. Our gross margin may not be comparable to those of other retail entities since some retail entities include allof their distribution network costs in cost of sales and others, like us, include these expenses in another statement of operations line item.Administrative expenses. For the periods covered by this section, general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to ourgeneral management, finance and administrative staff, professional advisor fees, audit fees and other expenses incurred in connection with general operations.Selling expenses. For the periods covered by this section, our selling and marketing expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to our sales andmarketing staff, store rent, business travel, coordination with distributor marketing and promotions, transportation costs and other sales related costs.Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, both in U.S. dollars and as apercentage of or revenue.Year endedDecember 31, 2018Year ended December 31, 2017Year ended December 31, 2016Amount% of SalesAmount% of SalesAmount% of SalesRevenue18,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales20,851,252112%35,274,352148%39,041,93295%Gross (loss)/profit2,316,13712%11,511,81648%2,158,2725%Operating expensesDistribution and selling expenses2,670,95514%3,265,38014%3,606,0109%Administrative expenses4,907,02026%4,879,39721%3,543,9939%Total operating expenses7,577,97541%8,144,77634%7,150,00317%Other income122,1391%461,5642%555,0511%Other gains and losses13,522,30073%122,2441%11,123,76727%Loss from operations23,294,273126%19,317,27281%15,560,44738%Finance costs96,4441%96,3850%71,7830%Change in fair value of warrant liabilities00%00%3,4090%Loss before tax23,390,717126%19,413,65782%15,628,82138%Income tax5,422,11929%4,598,06119%3,726,1339%Loss for the year17,968,59897%14,815,59662%11,902,68829%46Table of ContentsA breakdown of revenue, percentage of revenue and percentage of gross margin by segment for the respective periods is as follows:BybusinessDistribution networkCorporate storesOEMConsolidatedYear endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Sales toexternalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205% of Sales73%63%78%13%29%13%14%7%9%100%100%100%Segmentsgrossmargins2,245,9442,277,8586,623,6175,402,99414,291,6805,727,349845,700502,0071,262,0052,316,13611,511,8162,158,273Grossmarginrate17%15%21%227%205%104%33%29%36%12%48%5%Segment salesFor the year ended December 31, 2018, total revenue decreased by 22% from $23.8 million in 2017 to $18.5 million. Our total revenue of 2017 decreased by 33% from$41.2 million to $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company reports financial and operating results in three segments: distributor network,corporate stores and OEM.Distributor Network —Revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2018 decreased by 10% from $15 million in 2017 to $13 million primarily due to adecrease in sales volume. There was a decrease of revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2017 by 53% from $32.1 million in year 2016 primarily dueto a decrease in sales volume. The distributor segment accounted for 73% of the total revenue in 2018, compared to 63% and 78% during years 2017 and 2016,respectively.In year 2018, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network increased to 17% from 15% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price of newproducts. The sales went down in year 2018 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstockduring previous periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.47Table of ContentsIn year 2017, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network decreased to 15% from 21% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price, and thesales went down in year 2017 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstock duringprevious periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.The Company’s distributor network currently consists of 11 distributors in 12 provinces. Most of these distributors, either directly or through their subdistributors,operate KBSbranded stores. Some wholesale distributors sold the products to multibranded stores and online stores. As of December 31, 2018, distributorsoperated a total of 32 KBSbranded stores, primarily in second and third tier cities. KBS products distributed to the fourth and fifth tier cities are primarily sold inmultibranded department stores.Corporate Stores — Total revenue from corporate store sale for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $6.98 million for year 2017. In 2018 sales fromcorporate store decreased as compared to 2017 due to a decrease in promotion sales of repurchased inventory from certain distributors which are unable to pay offthe debts owed to us.Total revenue from corporate store sales for fiscal year 2017 was $6.98 million, compared to $5.53 million for year 2016. In 2017 sales from corporate stores increasedas compared to 2016 due to an increase in sales volume, which in turn was mainly attributable to the increase in promotion sales on repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors which are unable to pay off the debts owed to us.As of December 31, 2018, we operated 1 corporate store which located in Fujian. Total revenue from corporate store sales of 2018 decreased as compared to 2017because of the decrease the promotion sales of repurchased inventory.The corporate store segment contributed 14% of total revenue in 2018, compared to 29% of 2017 and 13% of 2016. Gross profit margin for the Company’s corporatestore was 232% in 2018, compared to 205% in 2017 and 104% in 2016. The margin compression from 2016 to 2018 is primarily due to: 1) close of 1 corporate store in2016 and the sale of its inventory at a lower price; 2) reduction of sale price of our goods in corporate stores to stimulate sales; 3) loss from sales of repurchasedinventory from certain distributors which sold at big discounted price in year 2017 and year 2018.OEM — The OEM segment is comprised of products that are designed by the customers but manufactured by us. Revenue from the OEM segment increased by$0.83 million to $2.57 million for year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017. Gross profit margin increased to 33%from 29% of year 2017. Revenue from the OEM segment decreased by $1.79 million to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $3.53 million foryear ended December 31, 2016. Gross profit margin decreased to 29% from 36% of year 2016. Our revenues from sales of OEM represented 14%, 9% and 9%,respectively of our total revenues for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.Cost of sales and gross profit rateCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for production purpose,outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges and water and electricity.Our cost of sales decreased from $35 million in year 2017 to $21 million in year 2018. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017.The gross profit rate increased from 48% in year 2017 to 12% in year 2018 due to 1) a decrease in the number of promotion sales in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, whichcaused a loss at RMB 40 million; 2) the higher price of updated new products and improvement of products quality; 3) higher profit margin of OEM segments due tolower amortized fixed fees from big orders from certain customers. In order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continuedoperation, we decided to continue to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors in 2018 and thereafter.48Table of ContentsOur cost of sales decreased from $39 million in year 2016 to $35 million in year 2017. The decrease was consistent with the decrease in our revenue, which resulted ina decrease in purchases by $7 million. The decrease in purchases was mainly due to a challenging retail environment and close of some stores.The gross profit rate decreased from 5% in year 2016 to 48% in year 2017 due to 1) a decrease in the number of our franchised stores from 55 as of December 31,2016 to 40 as of December 31, 2017; 2) in order to make more fair and friendly business environment for our all distributors, we adjusted our price policy to havesame price to our district distributors and province distributors in 2017, the price sell to the district distributor is lower than before. 3) a slowdown in demand inmenswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and our distributors faceddifficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 141.42 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million. Although we are not contractually obligated to buy back the excessiveinventory from any our distributors, in order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continued operation, we decided to do same in2017 to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors and we may implement similar plans in the following years.Administrative expensesAdministrative expenses increased by $0.02 million or 1% to $4.9 million for year 2018 from $4.88 million for 2017. The change was mainly due to the decrease ofoutsourcing design expense and the increase of the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Administrative expenses increased by $1.34 million or 37% to $4.88 million for year 2017 from $3.54 million for 2016. The increase was mainly due to the increase indesign staff expenses and the increase attributable to the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Distribution and selling expensesThe selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.59 million or 18% to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $ 3.2 million in 2017, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expense, products promotion expenses and entertainment expenses.The selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.34 million or 9.45% to $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $ 3.6 million in 2016, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expenses and promotion expense of products including placement order meeting expense.The advertisement expenses of 2018, 2017 and 2016 are relatively even and selling expenses accounted for 6.6%, 7.5% and 9% for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Other gains and lossesOther gains and losses increased by $13.4 million, or 10,875%, to $13.52 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $0.12 million for year 2017. The increasewas mainly due to the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value.Other gains and losses decreased by $11 million, or 98.9%, to $0.12 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $11.1 million for year 2016. The decrease wasmainly due to the fact that there was no additional provision on bad debts from three clients as in 2016.Profit for the yearWe had a loss of $18 million in 2018 as compared to a loss of $14.81 million for 2017, representing a decrease of profit of $3 million or 21%. Net margin was 97% forthe year ended December 31, 2018, compared to 62% for the year ended December 31, 2017.49Table of ContentsWe had a loss of $14.81 million in 2017 as compared to a loss of $11.9 million for 2016, representing a decrease of profit of $2.91 million or 25%. Net margin was 62%for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 29% for the year ended December 31, 2016.Profit for the year decreased from 2018 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons:(1)the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value (2) thedistribution and selling expenses decreased to a small portion of total revenue and the revenue also decreased compared to year ended December 31, 2017; (3) aslowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brands, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling products and paying back the balance owed to us. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 40 million.Profit for the year decreased from 2016 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons: (1) the administrative expenses increased to a large portion of total revenue; and(2) slowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 141.42 millionfrom certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million.B.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesAs of December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $21,026,103. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and cash in the banks. Webelieve that our current levels of cash and cash equivalent and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next12 months. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through net cash flow from operations. Our cash flows are driven by key performance indicatorsincluding the number of orders placed by distributors, number of outlets that each distributor operates the pricing of our products, sales of our corporate stores, andthe collect portion of account receivable. Currently there is only minimal cash held by offshore subsidiaries and there is no need for these subsidiaries to transfercash to Hongri PRC.The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this report:Fiscal Year Ended December 31201820172016Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(3,703,354)$1,922,252$3,194,287Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities52,932(865,365)45,445Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(3,907,291)(39,024)4,919,241Effects of exchange rate change in cash(1,117,062)1,513,138(1,556,980)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080Cash and cash equivalent at end of the period$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,34150Table of ContentsOperating ActivitiesThe net cash provided by operating activities consists of profit before tax, as adjusted by finance costs, change in fair value of warrant liabilities, interest income,shared based compensation, bad debt allowance, depreciation of property, plant and equipment, amortization of prepaid lease payment and trademark, amortizationof subsidies prepaid to distributors, amortization of prepayment and premiums under operating leases, provision(Reversal) of inventory obsolescence, provision ofimpairment loss in prepayments, loss(gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment, deferred income tax, which include trade and other receivables, prepaymentand deferred expenses, inventory, trade and other payables.Net cash used in operating activities in fiscal year 2018 was $3.7 million, compared with net cash provided by operating activities of $1.9 million in the year endedDecember 31, 2017. The change is mainly due to the increase of provision of Anhui property and the increase of deferred tax due to the loss of fiscal year 2018.Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.9 million, compared with $3.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2016. The change is mainlydue to the decrease in the amount of collection of account receivable.Investing ActivitiesNet cash provided by investing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.05 million, compared with $0.8 million net cash used in investing activities in 2017. The net cashprovided in investing activities in 2018 was interest received from our bank deposits.Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $0.8 million, compared with $0.04 million net cash provided by investing activities in 2016. The net cashused in investing activities in 2017 was to purchase fire protection facility.Financing ActivitiesNet cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.26 million, compared with $1.1 million net cash used in financing activities in 2017. It mainly consistedof repayment of bank loans in 2018.Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.1 million, compared with $1.68 million net cash provided by financing activities in 2016. It mainlyconsisted of interests paid for our bank loans.Loans, Other Commitments, ContingenciesAs of December 31, 2018, we had bank loans in an amount of $1,092,785. We may, however, in the future, require additional cash resources due to changing businessconditions, implementation of our strategy to expand our business or other investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our own financial resources areinsufficient to satisfy the capital requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain additional credit facilities. The sale of additionalequity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require usto agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overallbusiness prospects.C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.Our industry is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and changing customer demands. These conditions require continuousexpenditures on product research and development to enhance existing products create new products and avoid product obsolescence. See Item 3 “Key Information—D. Risk Factors—If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected,” —“Ifwe are unable to keep pace with the rapid technological changes in our industry, demand for our products and services could decline which would adversely affectour revenue,” and —“Our technology may become obsolete which could materially adversely affect our ability to sell our products and services.” For a detailedanalysis of research and development costs, see Item 5.A. “Operating Results—Results of Operations—Research and development expenses”.D.Trend InformationOther than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that wouldcause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.E.Off Balance Sheet ArrangementsWe do not have any off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes infinancial condition, sales or expenses, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures, or capital resources that are material to an investment in our securities.51Table of ContentsF.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual ObligationsThe table below shows our material contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018.Payments Due by PeriodLess than1 year13 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsContractual ObligationsConstruction Obligations$64,088,236Operating Lease Obligations$78,532146,7052,225,030Total$64,166,768146,7052,225,030Anhui Factory Construction ContractOn November 20, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party for the construction of a new plant with a total size of 110,557 square meters, atTaihu City, Anhui at a consideration of RMB 690 million (equivalent to approximately $104 million). This is the frame contract for the construction of Anhui factoryand round estimation. By December 31, 2016 we had already paid about $37.75 million in total on the phase 1, 2, 3 of construction based on detailed phase contractand the balance of construction cost of the Anui factory need to be determined based on the ontime budget on every phase. The majority of funds for constructionexpenses came from the cash balance on the account as of December 31, 2018 and the new profit of following year.Anhui Land Use Right Acquisition ContractOn September 2, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party to acquire a land use right in relation to the development of factories in Taihu City,Anhui Province, at a total consideration of RMB 43 million (approximately $6.3 million). Full consideration was paid in September 2010. There are three parts of theland. The Company has obtained land use rights certificates for the first parcel of land with 7,405 square meters on March 19, 2012, and the second parcel of landwith 2,440 square meters on May 26, 2012. The Company is currently in the process of obtaining the land use right certificate for the third parcel of the land with100,712 square meters.Except as set forth above, we have no other material longterm debt, capital or operating lease or fixed purchase obligations.InflationInflation and changing prices have not had a material effect on our business, and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect ourbusiness in the foreseeable future. However, our management will closely monitor price changes in the Chinese economy and the apparel industry and continuallymaintain effective cost controls in operations.52Table of ContentsSeasonalityOur business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal. Historically, we have realized more of our revenue and earnings in the fourth quarter, which includes themajority of the holiday shopping season, than in any other fiscal quarter.Critical Accounting PoliciesThe preparation of financial statements is in conformity with IFRS as issued by the IASB. It requires the Company’s management to make assumptions, estimatesand judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. The Company hasidentified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of Company’s financial statements. These accounting policies are important for anunderstanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of theCompany’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to makeestimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitivebecause of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly frommanagement’s current judgments. The Company believes the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in thepreparation of the Company’s financial statements.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects the considerationto which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled in exchange fortransferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that asignificant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration issubsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to the customerfor more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would be reflected in a separatefinancing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financing component which provides theCompany a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interest expense accreted on the contract liabilityunder the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services is oneyear or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component, using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of the goods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receiptsover the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.53Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with thedividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. Revenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer. Revenue from allabove categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of thetransaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered and title has passed.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting the deductible inputVAT of the period, is VAT payable.54Table of ContentsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial periodof time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use orsale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal government retirementbenefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fund their retirementbenefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal government takes responsibility for theretirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly, the only obligation of the Groupwith respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employment with the Group. There are no provisionsunder the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans are considered defined contribution plans. The Grouphas no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixed contributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pensionschemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service is performed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised inother comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Groupoperates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable taxregulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred taxassets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which thosedeductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or fromthe initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accountingprofit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able to control thereversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising fromdeductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profitsagainst which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.55Table of ContentsThe carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficienttaxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based ontax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assetsreflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carryingamount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when thedeferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities wherethere is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, inwhich case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arisesfrom the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.Store preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll and supplies.The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenses when occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases areclassified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes. Leaseholdimprovements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes other thanconstruction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful lives and aftertaking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction in progressis carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment whencompleted and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for theirintended use.56Table of ContentsAn item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of theasset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) isincluded in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.The Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights to use theland on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizable valuerepresents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fair valuethrough profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model formanaging them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the practicalexpedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus in the case of a financialasset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group hasapplied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance with the policies set out for “Revenue recognition(applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cash flowsthat are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established by regulation orconvention in the marketplace.57Subsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognised inthe income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversals arerecognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair value changes arerecognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive income is recycled to theincome statement.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under HKAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. The classification isdetermined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statement when theright of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and the amount of the dividendcan be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains arerecorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income are not subject to impairmentassessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value throughprofit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for thepurpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading unless they aredesignated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interest are classified and measured atfair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to be classified at amortised cost or at fairvalue through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition ifdoing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.58Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in theincome statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separate derivative if theeconomic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet thedefinition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changesin fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cashflows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between thecontractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the originaleffective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to thecontractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are providedfor credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been asignificant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespectiveof the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. When making theassessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on thefinancial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort,including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider afinancial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full beforetaking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering thecontractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the general approach andthey are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach as detailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured at anamount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets and for whichthe loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the loss allowance ismeasured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs59Simplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of asignificant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not track changes incredit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on itshistorical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt the simplifiedapproach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed from theGroup’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to what extent, ithas retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset nortransferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Groupalso recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that theGroup has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and the maximumamount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’sfinancial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.Subsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method unless theeffect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement when the liabilities arederecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.60Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantiallymodified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference between therespective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right tooffset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to the contractualprovisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financialassets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.The Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. Theeffective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of theeffective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, where appropriate, a shorter period tothe net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.61Table of ContentsReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including trade and otherreceivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment (seeaccounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a resultof one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have been affected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequently assessed forimpairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience of collecting payments,and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national or local economic conditions thatcorrelate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between the asset’scarrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.The carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables, where thecarrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized in profit or loss. When atrade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off arecredited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment losseswas recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset at the date theimpairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.G.Safe HarborSee “Introductory Notes—ForwardLooking Information.”62Table of ContentsITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEESA.Directors and Senior ManagementThe following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors and senior management, as well as employees upon whose work we are dependent, as ofthe date of this annual report.NAMEAGEPOSITIONKeyan Yan47Chairman and Chief Executive OfficerThemis Kalapotharakos44Executive DirectorLixiaTu37Chief Financial Officer and DirectorJohn Sano49Independent DirectorMatthew C. Los54Independent DirectorZhongmin Zhang76Independent DirectorYuet Mei Chan38Independent DirectorMr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has been the Chairman of our board of directors and Chief Executive Officer since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr.Yan has over 16 years of senior management experience. He served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of KBS International between March 2011 and August2014. From 1994 to present, Mr. Yan has served as general manager of Hongri PRC. Prior to joining us, Mr. Yan served as workshop manager, production managerand marketing manager of Zhenshi Knitting Factory in Shishi, China from 19891994. Mr. Yan obtained a certificate of corporate management from Xiamen Universityin 1992.Ms. Lixia Tu. Ms. Tu became the Company’s Chief Financial Officer on June 25, 2015. Ms. Tu has more than night years of accounting and audit experience, familiarwith IFRS, US GAAP, SarbanesOxley and the compliance requirements of SEC. After she worked as a project manager at BDO China Fu Jian SHU LUN PANCertified Public Accountants for four years, she worked as a CFO or a financial consultant for some other companies. Ms. Tu holds a Master’s degree inprofessional accounting from the University of Deakin in Australia. Ms. Tu is also a member of the Chartered Association of Certified Accountants.Mr. Themis Kalapotharakos. Mr. Kalapotharakos became our executive director on June 15, 2015. Mr. Kalapotharakos has acquired a range of expertise of a widespectrum of business activities. He has extensive highlevel experience at the Shipping, Trading and Finance industries where he has founded, developed andoperated various businesses starting from the ground up. His roles involved regular communication and coordination with investors, financial institutions, capitalmarket authorities, custodian and administrative banks, auditors and legal counsel. He holds a Bachelor’s degree from Cardiff University and an MSc Degree fromCass Business School in the UK.John Sano. Mr. Sano has been an independent director of the Company since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr. Sano has over 20 years ofexperience in apparel & home furnishings concept, design, sourcing, production, and ecommerce. He has extensive experience in all aspects of the retail clothingsupply chain, from conceptualization to final production and distribution. Mr. Sano has also advised and worked closely with numerous top brands in the US. Hehas been General Director of Sano Design Services since 2002. Mr. Sano has an associate’s degree in interior design from Traphagen School of Design.Mr. Matthew C. Los. Mr. Los became our director on October 8, 2015. Mr. Los has acquired a range of expertise of a wide spectrum of business activities. He hasover 20 years’ experience at high level management, and has founded, developed and operated various businesses in the shipping, energy, telecommunications realestate industries starting from the ground up. He also has experience in the capital markets and was the CEO of Aquasition Corp., the predecessor of the Company,prior to the Share Exchange. Mr. Los has a BSc in Mechanical Engineering and Computer Aided Design from University of Westminster in the UK.Mr. Zhongmin Zhang. Mr. Zhang became our director on July 10, 2017. He has over 45 years of extensive experience in many facets of textile business, including inproduction, marketing, and management. Currently, Mr. Zhang is the president of Zhengzhou Guangda Textile Printing & Dyeing Co., Ltd. which has an annualproduction of 216 million meters of various textile products, with a value of RMB 800 million. Holding a title of Senior Engineer, Mr. Zhang graduated from HarbinInstitute of Technology in 1965. He also has certificates in finance management and civil law.Mr. Yuet Mei Chan. Ms. Chan became our director on July 10, 2017. She has over 15 years of experience in the banking industry. She held several senior positions ina prestigious bank in Hong Kong from 20012016. She is currently a financial consultant at AIA and specializes in analyzing financial situations and market trends.Ms. Chan holds a diploma in Computing and Business Studies from Hong Kong St. Perth College.No family relationship exists between any of the persons named above.63Table of ContentsB.CompensationIn 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $207,268 in cash as compensation to our directors and senior management as a group, and some of our directors andexecutive officers also received compensation in the form of annual salaries and bonuses. We do not set aside or accrue any amounts for pension, retirement orother benefits for our directors and senior management. However, we reimburse our directors for outofpocket expenses incurred in connection with their services insuch capacity.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to our executive officers and directors as compensations for theirservices. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to the Company’s executiveofficers, directors and certain employees as compensations for their service. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.2018 Equity Incentive PlanOn December 24, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2018 Plan, pursuant to which the Company may offerup to two million shares of common stock as equity incentives to its directors, employees and consultants. Such number of shares is subject to adjustment in theevent of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, stock splits, stock dividends, or other change in the corporate structure of the Companyaffecting the shares issuable under the 2018 Plan. As of December 31, 2018, we have not granted any equity awards under the 2018 Plan.The following paragraphs summarize the terms of our 2018 Plan:Purpose. The purposes of the 2018 Plan are to promote the longterm growth and profitability of the Company and its affiliates by stimulating the efforts ofemployees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates who are selected to be participants, aligning the longterm interests of participants with thoseof shareholders, heightening the desire of participants to continue in working toward and contributing to our success, attracting and retaining the best availablepersonnel for positions of substantial responsibility, and generally providing additional incentive for them to promote the success of our business through the grantof awards of or pertaining to our common stock. The 2018 Plan permits the grant of ISOs, NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share AppreciationRights, Performance Units and Performance Shares as the administrator of the 2018 Plan may determine.Administration. The 2018 Plan is administered by our Board. The administrator has the authority to determine the specific terms and conditions of all awards grantedunder the 2018 Plan, including, without limitation, the number of shares of common stock subject to each award, the price to be paid for the shares and the applicablevesting criteria. The administrator has discretion to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2018 Plan.Eligibility. NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share Appreciation Rights, Performance Units and Performance Shares may be granted to employees,directors or consultants either alone or in combination with any other awards. ISOs may be granted only to employees of the Company, and of any parent orsubsidiary.Shares Available for Issuance Under the 2018 Plan. Subject to adjustment as described below, (a) the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issuedunder the 2018 Plan is 2,000,000 shares of common stock, (b) to the extent consistent with Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the“Code”), not more than an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of common stock may be issued under ISOs, and (c) not more than 200,000 shares of common stock (or forawards denominated in cash, the Fair Market Value of 200,000 shares of common stock on the Grant Date, as defined in the 2018 Plan), may be awarded to anyindividual participant in the aggregate in any one fiscal year of the Company, such limitation to be applied in a manner consistent with the requirements of, and onlyto the extent required for compliance with, the exclusion from the limitation on deductibility of compensation under Code Section 162(m). The number and class ofshares available under the 2018 Plan are subject to adjustment in the event of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, share splits, sharedividends, or other similar events which change the number or kind of shares outstanding.64Table of ContentsTransferability. Unless otherwise provided in the 2018 Plan or otherwise determined by the administrator, an award may not be sold, pledged, assigned,hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution and may be exercised, during the lifetime of theparticipant, only by the participant. However, the administrator may, at or after the grant of an award other than an ISO, provide that such award may be transferredby the recipient to a “family member” (as defined in the 2018 Plan); provided, however, that any such transfer is without payment of any consideration whatsoeverand that no transfer shall be valid unless first approved by the administrator, acting in its sole discretion, and as required by our Amended and Restated Articles ofIncorporation. If the administrator makes an award transferable, such award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the administrator deemsappropriate.Termination of, or Amendments to, the 2018 Plan. The Board may at any time amend, alter, suspend or terminate the 2018 Plan, provided that the Company willobtain shareholder approval of any 2018 Plan amendment to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with applicable Laws. No amendment, alteration,suspension or termination of the 2018 Plan will impair the rights of any participant, unless mutually agreed otherwise between the participant and the administrator,which agreement must be in writing and signed by the participant and the Company. Termination of the 2018 Plan will not affect the administrator’s ability to exercisethe powers granted to it hereunder with respect to awards granted prior to the date of such termination.The 2018 Plan will terminate five years following the date it was adopted by the Board, unless sooner terminated by the Board.Employment AgreementsPlease refer to Item 10 “Additional Information—C. Material Contracts.”C.Board PracticesOur board of directors currently consists of seven members, Keyan Yan, Lixia Tu, John Sano, Themis Kalapotharakos, Matthew C. Los, Yuet Mei Chan andZhongmin Zhang.The Board has established the Audit Committee, which is comprised entirely of independent directors. From time to time, the Board may establish other committees.Audit CommitteeOur Audit Committee is currently composed of three members: Yuet Mei Chan, John Sano and Matthew C. Los. Our Board of Directors determined that each memberof the Audit Committee meets the independence criteria prescribed by applicable regulation and the rules of the SEC for audit committee membership. Each AuditCommittee member also meets NASDAQ’s financial literacy requirements. Matthew C. Los serves as Chair of the Audit Committee.Our Board of Directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is the “audit committee financial expert” as such term is defined in Item 407(d) of Regulation SKpromulgated by the SEC and also meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements.The Audit Committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our Company. The Audit Committee isresponsible for, among other things:●the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the independent auditor;●reviewing and preapproving all auditing services and permissible nonaudit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed by theindependent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed relatedparty transactions;●discussing the interim and annual financial statements with management and our independent auditors;●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor (a) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls, (b) theCompany’s internal audit procedures, and (c) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, and managementreports thereon;65Table of Contents●reviewing reported violations of the Company’s code of conduct and business ethics; and●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor various topics and events that may have significant financial impact on theCompany or that are the subject of discussions between management and the independent auditors.D.EmployeesAs of December 31, 2018, we employed 370 fulltime employees. The following table sets forth the number of our fulltime employees by function. FunctionNumber ofEmployeesManagement and Administration28Marketing, Sales and Distribution18Design and Product Development20Production281Procurement, Warehousing and Logistics19Quality and Assurance7TOTAL370We believe that we have maintained a satisfactory working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any significant labor disputes or anydifficulty in recruiting staff for company’s operations. None of company’s employees is represented by a labor union.Our employees in China participate in a state pension plan organized by Chinese municipal and provincial governments. The company is required to make monthlycontributions to the plan for each employee at the rate of 23% of his or her average assessable salary. In addition, the company is required by Chinese law to coveremployees in China with various types of social insurance. The company believes that it is in material compliance with the relevant PRC laws.E.Share OwnershipThe following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of each class of our voting securities as of April 26, 2019 (i) by each person who is knownby us to beneficially own more than 5% of our voting securities; (ii) by each of our officers and directors; and (iii) by all of our officers and directors as a group.NameOffice, If AnyTitle of ClassAmount andNature ofBeneficialOwnership(1)Percent ofClass(2)Officers and DirectorsKeyan Yan(3)Chairman, CEO and PresidentCommon Stock964,32037.21%Lixia TuChief Financial Officer and DirectorCommon Stock60,0002.32%Themis KalapotharakosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%John SanoDirectorCommon Stock5,0000.19%Matthew C. LosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%Zhongmin ZhangDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%Yuet Mei ChanDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%All officers and directors as a group (7 personsnamed above)1,129,32043.58%5% Security HoldersKeyan Yan (3)Common Stock964,32037.21%Alliance Investment Management Limited(4)Common Stock195,488(4)7.54%*Less than 1%(1)Beneficial Ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Eachof the beneficial owners listed above has direct ownership of and sole voting power and investment power with respect to our common stock.66Table of Contents(2)As of April 26, 2019, a total of 2,591,299 shares of commons stock are considered to be outstanding pursuant to SEC Rule 13d3(d)(1). For each Beneficial Ownerabove, any securities that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days have been included in the denominator.(3)Includes 20,000 shares of common stock owned by Bizhen Chen, Mr. Yan’s wife.(4)Based solely on Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on August 8, 2018, in which Alliance Investment Management reported it has sole voting and dispositivepower with respect to 195,488 shares of our common stock. The address of the reporting person is 7 Belmont Road, Kingston, Jamaica.None of our existing shareholders has voting rights that differ from the voting rights of other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at asubsequent date, result in our change in control.ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSA.Major ShareholdersPlease refer to Item 6 “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.”B.Related Party TransactionsFrom time to time, KBS and its subsidiaries borrowed money from our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Keyan Yan, to pay for Company expenses. Theseamounts are interestfree, unsecured and repayable on demand. In years 2017 and 2016, Mr. Yan paid all the Company expenses in connection with the Company’sNasdaq continued listing and SEC reporting out of his pocket. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of these amounts we borrowed from Mr. Yan was$485,302 and $35,483, respectively.C.Interests of Experts and CounselNot applicable.ITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATIONA.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial InformationFinancial StatementsWe have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this report. See Item 18 “Financial Statements.”Legal Proceedings We may be subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our business from time to time. We are currently not party to anylegal or arbitration proceedings, including those relating to bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings and those involving any third party, which may have, orhave had in the recent past, significant effects on our financial position or profitability.Dividend PolicyTo date, we have not paid any cash dividends on our shares. As a Marshall Islands company, we may only declare and pay dividends except when the corporationis insolvent or would thereby be made insolvent or when the declaration or payment would be contrary to any restrictions contained in our Articles ofIncorporation. Dividends may be declared and paid out of surplus only; but in case there is no surplus, dividends may be declared or paid out of the net profits forthe fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and for the preceding fiscal year. We currently anticipate that we will retain any available funds to finance thegrowth and operation of our business and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our cash held in foreign countriesmay be subject to certain control limitations or repatriation requirements, limiting our ability to use this cash to pay dividends.67Table of ContentsB.Significant ChangesNo significant change has occurred since the date of our consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTINGA.Offer and Listing DetailsOur common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market and trade under the symbol “KBSF.” Between January 23, 2013 and November 3, 2014, our commonstock was traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “AQU.” Our Warrants and Units are quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “KBSFW”and “KBSFU”, respectively. Prior to November 3, 2014, our Warrants and Units were quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “AQUUF” and “AQUUU”,respectively. Before their quotation on the OTC Markets, our Units commenced to trade on the Nasdaq Stock Market on October 26, 2012 and our Warrantscommenced to trade separately from its Units on January 23, 2013.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.Approximate Number of Holders of Our SecuritiesOn April 26, 2019, there was 1 holder of record of our Units, 359 shareholders of record of our common stock and 1 holder of record of our Warrants. Certain of oursecurities are held in nominee or street name so the actual number of beneficial owners of our securities is greater than the number of record holders set forth above.B.Plan of DistributionNot applicable.C.MarketsSee our disclosures above under “A. Offer and Listing Details.”D.Selling ShareholdersNot applicable. E.DilutionNot applicable.F.Expenses of the IssueNot applicable.68Table of ContentsITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONA.Share CapitalOur Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation authorize the Company to issue up to 155,000,000 shares with a par value of $0.0001, consisting of 150,000,000shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of date of this report, there are 2,591,299 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Wehave never issued any preferred stock.●As of date of this report, we have 717 IPO Units outstanding.●As of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding (including 369,302 IPO Warrants and 24,534 Placement Warrants), each warrant entitles theholder to purchase one share of common stock at a purchase price of $172.5.B.Memorandum and Articles of AssociationThe following represents a summary of certain key provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. The summary does not purport to be a summary of allof the provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. For more complete information you should read our amended and restated articles ofincorporation and bylaws, each listed as an exhibit to this report.We were incorporated in the Marshall Islands on January 26, 2012 under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BCA”). The purpose of the Company isto engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may now or hereafter be organized under the BCA. Our amended and restated articles of incorporationand bylaws do not impose any limitations on the ownership rights of our stockholders.Description of Common StockEach outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Upon our dissolution, liquidation orwinding up of the affairs of the Company, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidationpreferences, if any, the holders or our common stock will be entitled to receive pro rata our remaining assets available for distribution. Holders of common stock donot have conversion, redemption or preemptive rights to subscribe to any of our securities.Blank Check Preferred Stock.Our Board of Directors is authorized, without any further vote or action by our stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in different classesand series and, with respect to each class or series, to determine the designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights,conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the powers and rights associated with the common stock,at such times and on such other terms as they think proper. Our Board of Directors may issue shares of preferred stock on terms calculated to discourage, delay orprevent a change of control of our company or the removal of our management.WarrantsAs of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding, among which 369,302 warrants were issued to the public in our IPO (the “IPO Warrants”). Each ofthe IPO Warrants entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.5 expiring on July 31, 2019, provided that there is an effectiveregistration statement covering the shares of common stock underlying the IPO Warrants.69Table of ContentsThe Company may redeem the IPO Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon 30 days’ notice, after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, only inthe event that the last sale price of the shares of common stock is at least $17.50 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30trading day period (“30Day TradingPeriod”) ending three business days prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is a current registration statement in effect with respectto the shares of common stock underlying such IPO Warrants throughout the 30day redemption period. The Company is only required to use its best efforts tomaintain the effectiveness of the registration statement covering the underlying common stock of the IPO Warrants. There are no contractual penalties for failure todeliver securities if a registration statement is not effective at the time of exercise. Additionally, in the event that a registration statement is not effective at the time ofexercise, the holder of such warrant shall not be entitled to exercise such warrant for cash and in no event (whether in the case of a registration statement not beingeffective or otherwise) will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrant exercise.In addition, Aqua Investments Corp., an entity controlled by certain founding shareholders of the Company, acquired 24,534 warrants, each entitles the holder topurchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50, expiring on July 31, 2019 (the “Placement Warrants”). The Placement Warrants are identical to the IPOWarrants except that the Placement Warrants (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis; (ii) will not be redeemable by the Company and (ii) may beexercised even if there is not an effective registration statement relating to the shares underlying the warrants, so long as they are held by the initial purchaser orany of its permitted transferees.As of date of this report, we also have 717 IPO Units outstanding and publicly trading, each including one IPO Warrant and one share of our common stock.DirectorsThe business and affairs of the Company are managed by or under the direction of our Board of Directors.Our directors are elected by the holders of the shares representing a majority of the total voting power of the thenoutstanding capital stock of the Company entitledto vote generally in the election of directors (“Voting Stock”). Our amended and restated articles of incorporation provide that cumulative voting shall not be used toelect directors. Each director will be elected to serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his/her successor shall have been duly elected andqualified, except in the event of his/her death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of his/her term of office.Any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of thetotal voting power of the Voting Stock entitled to vote thereon or with cause by directors constituting at least twothirds of the entire Board.Vacancies in the Board of Directors occurring by death, resignation, the creation of new directorships, the failure of the shareholders to elect the whole board at anyannual election of directors, or, except as herein provided, for any other reason, including removal of directors for cause, may be filled either by the affirmative voteof a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, at any special meeting called for that purpose or at any regular meeting of theBoard. Vacancies occurring by removal of directors without cause may be filled only by vote of the shareholders.Shareholder MeetingsAnnual stockholder meetings will be held at a time and place selected by our board of directors. The meetings may be held in or outside of the Marshall Islands.Under our amended and restated articles of incorporation, special meetings may be called by the board of directors, or by the secretary of the Company requestedby stockholders representing certain amount of voting power. Our board of directors shall give not less than 15 days and not more than 60 days prior written noticeof a shareholders’ meeting to each shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat and to each shareholder of record who, by reason of any action proposed at suchmeeting would be entitled to have his/her shares appraised if such action were taken, and the notice shall include a statement of that purpose and to that effect.Our bylaws provide that a meeting of shareholders is duly constituted if, at the commencement of the meeting, there are shareholders present in person or by proxyrepresenting not less than a majority of the votes of the shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on resolutions of shareholders to be considered at themeeting.70Table of ContentsIf a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of stock represented at the meeting will be the act of the shareholders. At any meeting ofshareholders, each shareholder entitled to vote any shares on any manner to be voted upon at such meeting shall be entitled to one vote on such matter for eachsuch share. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the action so taken, issigned by all the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof.Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal and Payment.Under the BCA, our stockholders have the right to dissent from various corporate actions, including any merger or sale of all or substantially all of our assets notmade in the usual course of our business, and receive payment of the fair value of their shares. However, the right of a dissenting stockholder to receive payment ofthe fair value of his or her shares shall not be available for any shares of stock of the constituent corporation surviving a merger if the merger did not require for itsapproval the vote of the stockholders of the surviving corporation. In the event of any further amendment of our articles of incorporation, a stockholder also has theright to dissent and receive payment for his or her shares if the amendment alters certain rights in respect of those shares. The dissenting stockholder must followthe procedures set forth in the BCA to receive payment. In the event that we and any dissenting stockholder fail to agree on a price for the shares, the BCAprocedures involve, among other things, the institution of proceedings in the circuit court in the judicial circuit in the Marshall Islands in which our Marshall Islandsoffice is situated. The value of the shares of the dissenting stockholder is fixed by the court after reference, if the court so elects, to the recommendations of a courtappointed appraiser.Stockholders’ Derivative ActionsUnder the BCA, any of our stockholders may bring an action in our name to procure a judgment in our favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that thestockholder bringing the action is a holder of common stock both at the time the derivative action is commenced and at the time of the transaction to which theaction relates.Indemnification of Officers and DirectorsThe BCA authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors and officers to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages forbreaches of directors’ fiduciary duties. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation include a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors formonetary damages for actions taken as a director to the fullest extent permitted by law. We must indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorizedby law. We are also expressly authorized to advance certain expenses (including attorneys’ fees and disbursements and court costs) to our directors and offices andcarry directors’ and officers’ insurance providing indemnification for our directors, officers and certain employees for some liabilities.The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws may discourage stockholders frombringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigationagainst directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. In addition, your investment may beadversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.C.Material ContractsWe have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in Item 4 “Information on theCompany,” Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations,” Item 7 “Major Shareholders and RelatedParty Transactions,” or filed (or incorporated by reference) as exhibits to this annual report or otherwise described or referenced in this annual report.D.Exchange ControlsMarshall Islands Exchange ControlsUnder Marshall Islands law, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect theremittance of dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our shares.71Table of ContentsBVI Exchange ControlsThere are no material exchange controls restrictions on payment of dividends, interest or other payments to the holders of our common stock or on the conduct ofour operations in the BVI, where we were incorporated. There are no material BVI laws that impose any material exchange controls on us or that affect the paymentof dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our common stock. BVI law and our memorandum and articles of association do not impose anymaterial limitations on the right of nonresidents or foreign owners to hold or vote our common stock.PRC Exchange ControlsRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued bySAFE and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade and service payments, payment ofinterest and dividends can be made without prior approval from SAFE by following the appropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMBinto foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRC for the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments,loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from SAFE or its local office.On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency Management Policy on Direct Investment, effective fromJune 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investmentfrom SAFE. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for the purpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed withqualified banks, which, under the supervision of SAFE, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise, or SAFE Circular 19,was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to SAFE Circular 19, a foreigninvested enterprise may, according to its actualbusiness needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchange bureau has confirmedmonetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the time being, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shall truthfully use itscapital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equity investment with theamount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open a corresponding Account forForeign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming andRegulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or SAFE Circular 16, was promulgated and became effective on June 9,2016. According to SAFE Circular 16, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreign currency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionarybasis. SAFE Circular 16 provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items (including but not limited to foreigncurrency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. SAFE Circular 16 reiterates the principle thatRenminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope andmay not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guarantee the principal within the PRCunless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless it is within the businessscope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Optimizing Genuineness and ComplianceVerification, or SAFE Circular 3, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits from domestic entities tooffshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution, original copies oftax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses before remitting any profits.Moreover, pursuant to SAFE Circular 3, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provide boardresolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.72Table of ContentsRegulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsSAFE issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special PurposeVehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issues Concerning theRegulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles, to regulateforeign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investment and financing orconduct round trip investment in China. SAFE Circular 37 defines a SPV as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly or indirectly, by PRC residents orentities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets or interests, while “round tripinvestment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through SPVs, namely, establishing foreigninvested enterprises to obtain theownership, control rights and management rights. SAFE Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into an SPV, PRC residents or entities be required tocomplete foreign exchange registration with SAFE or its local branch. In addition, SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving theAdministration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended SAFE Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015,requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.PRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to SPVs but had not obtained registration as required before theimplementation of the SAFE Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the SPVs with qualified banks. An amendment to the registration isrequired if there is a material change with respect to the SPV registered, such as any change of basic information (including change of the PRC residents, name andoperation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers or divisions. Failure to comply with the registrationprocedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclose controllers of the foreigninvestedenterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to itsoffshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities to penalties under PRC foreignexchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companiesby PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRCsubsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansSAFE promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan ofOverseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issued by SAFE in March 2007. Pursuant tothe Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residents participating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted companyare required to register with SAFE or its local branches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents mustconduct the SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of theoverseas publicly listed company or another qualified institution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevantSAFE registration should there be any material change to the stock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of thePRC residents who have the right to exercise the employee stock options, apply to SAFE or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreigncurrencies in connection with the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the saleof shares under the stock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRCopened by the PRC agents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.73Table of ContentsWe adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We have advised therecipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice. However, wecannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subjectthe PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016 respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014 respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our BVI holding company may rely on dividend payments from IST,which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on the ability of ourconsolidated VIEs to make remittance to IST and on the ability of IST to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations ofthose entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends andother distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you,and otherwise fund and conduct our business”E.TaxationThe following is a general summary of the material Marshall Islands, Hong Kong, BVI, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to an investmentin our units, shares of common stock and warrants to acquire our shares of common stock, sometimes referred to collectively in this summary as our “securities”.The discussion is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal or tax advice to any particular prospective purchaser. The discussion is based on lawsand relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change or different interpretations, possibly withretroactive effect. The discussion does not address United States state or local tax laws, or tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Marshall Islands, Hong Kong,the BVI, the PRC and the United States. We recommend that you consult your own tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquisition, ownership anddisposition of our securities.Marshall Islands TaxationThe following are the material Marshall Islands tax consequences of our activities to us and to our stockholders and warrant holders of investing in our CommonStock and warrants. Under current Marshall Islands law, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains, and no Marshall Islands withholding tax or income taxwill be imposed upon payments of dividends by us to our stockholders or proceeds from the disposition of our common stock and warrants, provided suchstockholders or warrant holders, as the case may be, are not residents in the Marshall Islands. There is no tax treaty between the United States and the Republic ofthe Marshall Islands.BVI TaxationThe BVI does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid to us by our BVI subsidiary, nor does the BVI levy any capital gains or income taxes on us or our BVIsubsidiary. However, our BVI subsidiary is required to pay the BVI government an annual license fee based on the number of shares it is authorized to issue.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the BVI.74Table of ContentsHong Kong TaxationOur Hong Kong subsidiaries, under the current laws of Hong Kong, are subject to profits tax of 16.5%. No provision for Hong Kong profits tax has been made asour Hong Kong subsidiaries have no taxable income.PRC TaxationWe are a holding company incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which indirectly holds our equity interests in our PRC operating subsidiaries. The EIT Law and itsimplementation rules, both of which became effective as of January 1, 2008, provide that a PRC enterprise is subject to a standard income tax rate of 25% and Chinasourced income of foreign enterprises, such as dividends paid by a PRC subsidiary to its overseas parent, will normally be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of10%, unless there are applicable treaties between the overseas parent’s jurisdiction of incorporation and China to reduce such rate.Under the Arrangement between the Mainland and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention ofFiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, or the Double Taxation Arrangement, effective as of January 1, 2007, such dividend withholding tax rate is reducedto 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns over 25% of the PRC company distributing the dividends. Under the aforesaid arrangement, any dividends that ourPRC operating subsidiaries pay to their Hong Kong holding companies may be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 5% if they are not considered to be a PRC“resident enterprise” as described below. However, if the Hong Kong holdings companies are not considered to be the “beneficial owner” of such dividends underthe Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties promulgated by the State Administration of Taxation on October 27,2009 (and not a PRC “resident enterprise”), such dividends would be subject to the withholding tax rate of 10%. The withholding tax rate of 5% or 10% applicablewill have a significant impact on the amount of dividends to be received by us and ultimately by shareholders.According to the Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties, the term “beneficial owner” refers to a person who hasthe right to own and dispose of the income and the rights or properties generated from the said income. The “beneficial owner” may be an individual, a company orany other organization which is usually engaged in substantial business operations. A conduit company is not a “beneficial owner.” The term “conduit company”refers to a company which is usually established for purposes of dodging or reducing taxes, and transferring or accumulating profits. Such a company is onlyregistered in the country of domicile to satisfy the organizational form as required by law, but it does not engage in such substantial business operations asmanufacturing, distribution and management. As our Hong Kong holding companies are controlling companies and are not engaged in substantial businessoperations, they could be considered as conduit companies by tax authorities and we do not expect them to be a beneficial owner.In addition to the changes to the current tax structure, under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto management bodies” withinChina is considered a resident enterprise and will normally be subject to an EIT of 25% on its global income. The implementing rules define the term “de factomanagement bodies” as “an establishment that exercises, in substance, overall management and control over the production, business, personnel, accounting, etc.,of a Chinese enterprise.”It remains unclear whether the PRC tax authorities would require or permit our overseas registered entities to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. We do notcurrently consider our company to be a PRC resident enterprise. However, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterpriseincome tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on ourworldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on offering proceedsand nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although under the EIT Law and its implementing rulesdividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued guidance with respect to the processing ofoutbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidance issuedwith respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation in which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to our nonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC shareholders from transferring our shares.75Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income TaxationThe following is a discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our securities. It does notpurport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s situation. The discussion applies only toholders that hold their securities as capital assets (generally property held for investment) within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based on the Code, income tax regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial positions, published positions of theInternal Revenue Service, or the IRS, and other applicable authorities, all as in effect as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly withretroactive effect. This discussion is general in nature and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations, nor does the discussion address any state, local orforeign tax considerations or any U.S. tax considerations (e.g., estate or gift tax) other than U.S. federal income tax considerations, that may be applicable toparticular holders.This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant in light of particular circumstances, nor does it address the U.S.federal income tax consequences to persons who are subject to special rules under U.S. federal income tax law, including:●banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions;●persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;●taxexempt organizations;●controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid United States federal incometax;●certain former citizens or longterm residents of the United States;●dealers in securities or currencies;●traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting for their securities holdings;●persons that own, or are deemed to own, more than five percent of our capital stock;●holders who acquired our stock as compensation or pursuant to the exercise of a stock option; or●persons who hold our shares as a position in a hedging transaction, “straddle,” or other risk reduction transaction.For purposes of this discussion, a U.S. holder is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (ii) acorporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States (or treated assuch under applicable U.S. tax laws), any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardlessof its source; or (iv) a trust if (a) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have theauthority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) it has a valid election in effect under applicable law and regulations to be treated as a U.S. person forU.S. federal income tax purposes. A nonU.S. holder is a holder that is neither a U.S. holder nor a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S.federal income tax purposes.In the case of a partnership or entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally willdepend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal incometax consequences to them of the merger or of the ownership and disposition of our shares.As a result of consummation of the Share Exchange, (i) we acquired substantially all the properties of KBS International, a U.S. corporation, and (ii) the formershareholders of KBS International held at least 80 percent of our common stock by reason of having held stock of KBS International. Accordingly, under Section7874 of the Code, we are treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as a U.S. corporation and, among other consequences, are subject to U.S. federal income tax on ourworldwide income. This discussion assumes that Section 7874 of the Code continues to apply to treat us as a U.S. corporation for all purposes under the Code. If,for some reason (e.g., future repeal of Section 7874 of the Code), we were no longer treated as a U.S. corporation under the Code, the U.S. federal income taxconsequences described herein could be materially and adversely affected.76Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. HoldersDistributionsIn the event that distributions are paid on our common stock, the gross amount of such distributions will be included in the gross income of the U.S. holder asdividend income on the date of receipt to the extent that the distribution is paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federalincome tax principles. Such dividends will be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Dividends received by noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, may be subject to reduced rates of taxation under current law. A U.S. holdermay be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed on dividends paid by us. However, the foreign tax credit rules arecomplex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 of the Code and the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and theGovernment of the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, or theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty, is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may be entitled to underthe foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.To the extent that dividends paid on our common stock exceed current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distributions will be treated first as a taxfree returnof tax basis on our common stock, and to the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds tax basis, the excess will be treated as gain from the disposition ofthose common stock. Because Section 7874 of the Code has applied to treat us as a U.S. corporation only since consummation of the Share Exchange in 2014, wemay not be able to demonstrate to the IRS the extent to which a distribution on our common stock exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (asdetermined under U.S. federal income tax principles), in which case all of such distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.Sale or Other DispositionU.S. holders of our common stock will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of common stock equal to the differencebetween the amount realized for the common stock and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the common stock. This gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss. Undercurrent law, noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, are eligible for reduced tax rates if the common stock has been held for more than one year. Thedeductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. A U.S. holder may be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed ongain from the sale or other disposition of common stock. However, the foreign tax credit rules are complex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 ofthe Code and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may beentitled to under the foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Unearned Income Medicare ContributionCertain U.S. holders who are individuals, trusts or estates are required to pay an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on, among other things, dividends on and capitalgains from the sale or other disposition of shares of stock. U.S. holders should consult their own advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this rule on their ownershipand disposition of our common stock.U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for NonU.S. HoldersDistributionsThe rules applicable to nonU.S. holders for determining the extent to which distributions on our common stock, if any, constitute dividends for U.S. federal incometax purposes are the same as for U.S. holders. See “–U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. Holders– Distributions.”77Table of ContentsAny dividends paid to a nonU.S. holder by us are treated as income derived from sources within the United States and generally will be subject to U.S. federalincome tax withholding at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends, or at a lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty if nonU.S. holdersprovide proper certification of eligibility for the lower rate (usually on IRS Form W8BEN or W8BENE). Dividends received by a nonU.S. holder that are effectivelyconnected with such holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business (and, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained bythe nonU.S. holder in the U.S.) are exempt from such withholding tax, provided that applicable certification requirements are satisfied. In such case, however, nonU.S. holders will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such dividends, net of certain deductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. In addition, corporatenonU.S. holders may be subject to an additional branch profits tax equal to 30% or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable tax treaty on dividendsreceived that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.If nonU.S. holders are eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, such nonU.S. holders may obtain a refund ofany excess amounts withheld by filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.Sale or Other DispositionExcept as described below for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, any gain realized by a nonU.S. holder upon the saleor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:criminal liability in serious cases.According to the PRC Product Quality Law, consumers or other victims who suffer injury or property losses due to product defects may demand compensation fromthe manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the corresponding amount from the manufacturer if the manufactureris responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Relating to Consumer ProtectionThe principal legal provisions for the protection of consumer interests are set forth in the Law of the PRC on Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests, or theConsumer Protection Law, which was promulgated in October 1993 amended in October 2013. The Consumer Protection Law sets forth standards of behavior thatbusinesses must observe in their dealings with consumers.Violations of the Consumer Protection Law may result in the imposition of fines. In addition, the violating entity may be ordered to suspend its operations, and itsbusiness license may be revoked. There may also be criminal liability in serious cases.According to the Consumer Protection Law, if the legal rights and interests of a consumer are violated during the purchase or use of goods, the consumer may seekcompensation from the seller. If the manufacturer or an upstream distributor is responsible, after compensating the consumer, the seller may recover thecorresponding amount from the manufacturer or the upstream distributor. Consumers or other persons who suffer personal injury or property damages due todefects in products may seek compensation from the manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the correspondingamount from the manufacturer if the manufacturer is responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Related to TrademarksThe PRC Trademark Law, adopted in 1982 and revised in 2001 and 2013, protects the proprietary rights to registered trademarks. The Trademark Office under theState Administration of Industry and Commerce handles trademark registration and grants a term of ten years to registered trademarks and another ten years totrademarks as requested upon expiry of the prior term. Trademark license agreements and transfer agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record.37Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Environmental MattersOur facilities are subject to various governmental regulations related to environmental protection. We use a myriad of chemicals in our operations and produceemissions that could pose environmental risks. Our manufacturing facilities are subject to various pollution control regulations with respect to noise, water and airpollution and the disposal of waste and hazardous materials, including, China’s Environmental Protection Law, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Appraisingof Environment Impacts, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of AirPollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution, and China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of NoisePollution. We are subject to periodic inspections by local environmental protection authorities.We did not incur material costs in environmental compliance in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016. We believe we are in material compliance with the relevant PRCenvironmental laws and regulations. We are not currently subject to any pending actions alleging any violations of applicable PRC environmental laws.Regulations Related to EmploymentThe PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law require that employers must execute written employment contracts with fulltime employees. All employers mustcompensate their employees with wages equal to at least the local minimum wage standards. Violations of the PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law may resultin the imposition of fines and other administrative sanctions, and serious violations may constitute criminal offences.On December 28, 2012, the PRC Labor Contract Law was amended with effect on July 1, 2013 to impose more stringent requirements on labor dispatch. Under suchlaw, dispatched workers are entitled to pay equal to that of fulltime employees for equal work, but the number of dispatched workers that an employer hires may notexceed a certain percentage of its total number of employees as determined by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Additionally, dispatchedworkers are only permitted to engage in temporary, auxiliary or substitute work. According to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch promulgated by theMinistry of Human Resources and Social Security on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014, the number of dispatched workers hired by anemployer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees (including both directly hired employees and dispatched workers). The Interim Provisions onLabor Dispatch require employers not in compliance with the PRC Labor Contract Law in this regard to reduce the number of its dispatched workers to below 10% ofthe total number of its employees prior to March 1, 2016.Enterprises in China are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in certain employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pensionplan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a workrelated injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund,and contribute to the plans or funds in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of the employees as specified by thelocal government from time to time at locations where they operate their businesses or where they are located. The enterprise may be ordered to pay the full amountwithin a deadline if it fails to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans and may be subject to fines and other administrative sanctions.Regulations Relating to Foreign ExchangeRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued by theState Administration of Foreign Exchange and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade andservice payments, payment of interest and dividends can be made without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange by following theappropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRCfor the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange or its local office.38Table of ContentsOn February 13, 2015, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency ManagementPolicy on Direct Investment, effective from June 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign directinvestment and overseas direct investment from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for thepurpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed with qualified banks, which, under the supervision of the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to this Circular, a foreigninvested enterprise may,according to its actual business needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchangebureau has confirmed monetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the timebeing, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shalltruthfully use its capital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equityinvestment with the amount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open acorresponding Account for Foreign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of theState Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts waspromulgated and became effective on June 9, 2016. According to this Circular, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreigncurrency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionary basis. This Circular provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items(including but not limited to foreign currency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. ThisCircular reiterates the principle that Renminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposesbeyond its business scope and may not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guaranteethe principal within the PRC unless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless itis within the business scope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration andOptimizing Genuineness and Compliance Verification, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits fromdomestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution,original copies of tax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses beforeremitting any profits. Moreover, pursuant to this Circular, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provideboard resolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and RoundtripInvestment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Issues Concerning the Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore SpecialPurpose Vehicles, to regulate foreign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investmentand financing or conduct round trip investment in China. Circular 37 defines a “special purpose vehicle” as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly orindirectly, by PRC residents or entities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets orinterests, while “round trip investment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through special purpose vehicles, namely, establishingforeigninvested enterprises to obtain the ownership, control rights and management rights. Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into a specialpurpose vehicle, PRC residents or entities be required to complete foreign exchange registration with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranch. In addition, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the ForeignExchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015, requiring PRC residents or entities toregister with qualified banks rather than the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.39Table of ContentsPRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to special purpose vehicles but had not obtained registration asrequired before the implementation of the Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the special purpose vehicles with qualified banks. Anamendment to the registration is required if there is a material change with respect to the special purpose vehicle registered, such as any change of basic information(including change of the PRC residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers ordivisions. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclosecontrollers of the foreigninvested enterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchangeactivities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, sharetransfer or liquidation, to its offshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities topenalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating toinvestments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our abilityto inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic IndividualsParticipating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issuedby the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in March 2007. Pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residentsparticipating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted company are required to register with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents must conduct the registration and other procedures withrespect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of the overseas publicly listed company or another qualifiedinstitution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevant registration should there be any material change to thestock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of the PRC residents who have the right to exercise the employeestock options, apply to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreign currencies in connectionwith the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the sale of shares under thestock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRC opened by the PRCagents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.We have adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we will have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We haveadvised the recipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.However, we cannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock IncentivePlan Notice. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plansmay subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016, respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014, respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our Marshall Islands holding company may rely on dividend paymentsfrom Hongri PRC, which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on theability of our other PRC subsidiaries to make remittance to Hongri PRC and on the ability of Hongri PRC to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cashgenerated by the operations of those entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We rely to a significant extent on dividends and otherdistributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiary to fund offshore cash and financing requirements.”40Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Overseas ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the StateOwned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective onSeptember 8, 2006 and was amended on June 22, 2009. These regulations, among other things, require that (i) PRC entities or individuals obtain approval from theMinistry of Commerce before they establish or control a special purpose vehicle overseas, provided that they intend to use the special purpose vehicle to acquiretheir equity interests in a PRC company at the consideration of newly issued share of the special purpose vehicle, or Share Swap, and list their equity interests in thePRC company overseas by listing the special purpose vehicle in an overseas market; (ii) the special purpose vehicle obtains approval from the Ministry ofCommerce before it acquires the equity interests held by the PRC entities or PRC individual in the PRC company by Share Swap; and (iii) the special purpose vehicleobtains China Securities Regulatory Commission approval before it lists overseas. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The approval ofthe China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with this offering under a PRC regulation. The regulation also establishes more complexprocedures for acquisitions conducted by foreign investors that could make it more difficult for us to grow through acquisitions.”Regulations Relating to TaxationDividend Withholding TaxIn March 2007, the National People’s Congress enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law which became effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on February 24,2017. According to Enterprise Income Tax Law, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a foreigninvested enterprise in China to its foreignenterprise investors are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that providesfor a preferential withholding arrangement. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Negotiated Reduction of Dividends and Interest Rates,issued on January 29, 2008 and supplemented and revised on February 29, 2008, and the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, which became effective onDecember 8, 2006 and applicable to income derived in any year of assessment commencing on or after April 1, 2007 in Hong Kong and in any year commencing on orafter January 1, 2007 in the PRC, such withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong enterprise is deemed the beneficial owner of any dividend paid by aPRC subsidiary by PRC tax authorities and holds at least 25% of the equity interest in that particular PRC subsidiary at all times within the 12month periodimmediately prior to the distribution of the dividends. Furthermore, pursuant to the Announcement on Issues concerning “Beneficial Owners” in Tax Treaties issuedon February 3, 2018 by the State Administration of Taxation, when determining the status of “beneficial owners,” a comprehensive analysis may be conductedthrough materials such as articles of association, financial statements, records of capital flows, minutes of board of directors, resolutions of board of directors,allocation of manpower and material resources, the relevant expenses, functions and risk assumption, loan contracts, royalty contracts or transfer contracts, patentregistration certificates and copyright certificates, etc. However, even if an applicant has the status as a “beneficiary owner,” if the competent tax authority findsnecessity to apply the principal purpose test clause in the tax treaties or the general antitax avoidance rules stipulated in domestic tax laws, the general antitaxavoidance provisions shall apply.Enterprise Income TaxIn December 2007, the State Council promulgated the Implementing Rules of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008. TheEnterprise Income Tax Law and its relevant implementing rules (i) impose a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate, which is applicable to both foreigninvestedenterprises and domestic enterprises (ii) permits companies to continue to enjoy their existing tax incentives, subject to certain transitional phaseout rules and(iii) introduces new tax incentives, subject to various qualification criteria.41Table of ContentsThe Enterprise Income Tax Law also provides that enterprises organized under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies”located within China may be considered PRC resident enterprises and therefore be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwideincome. The implementing rules further define the term “de facto management body” as the management body that exercises substantial and overall managementand control over the production and operations, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. If an enterprise organized under the laws of jurisdictionoutside China is considered a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, itwould be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. Second, a 10% withholding tax would be imposed on dividends itpays to its nonPRC enterprise shareholders and with respect to gains derived by its nonPRC enterprise shareholders from transfer of its shares.On October 17, 2017, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Bulletin on Issues Concerning the Withholding of NonPRC Resident Enterprise Income Tax atSource, or Bulletin 37, which replaced the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by NonPRC Resident Enterprisesissued by the State Administration of Taxation on December 10, 2009, and partially replaced and supplemented rules under the Bulletin on Issues of EnterpriseIncome Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by NonPRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7, issued by the State Administration of Taxation on February 3, 2015.Under Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by nonPRC resident enterprises may be recharacterizedand treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose ofavoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. In respect of anindirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the relevant gain is to be regarded as effectively connected with the PRC establishment and thereforeincluded in its enterprise income tax filing, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relatesto the immoveable properties in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not effectively connected to a PRC establishment of a nonresident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax at 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similararrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Pursuant to Bulletin 37, the withholding party shalldeclare and pay the withheld tax to the competent tax authority in the place where such withholding party is located within seven days from the date of occurrenceof the withholding obligation. Both Bulletin 37 and Bulletin 7 do not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange wheresuch shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We and our existingshareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a Chinese establishmentof a nonChinese company, or immovable properties located in China owned by nonChinese companies.”ValueAdded TaxIn November 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Pilot Plan for Imposition of ValueAdded Tax to ReplaceBusiness Tax. In March 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation further promulgated the Notice on Fully Promoting the Pilot Plan forReplacing Business Tax by ValueAdded Tax. Pursuant to this Pilot Plan and the relevant notice, value added tax at a rate of 6% is generally imposed, on anationwide basis, on the revenue generated from the provision of service in lieu of business tax in the modern service industries. Value added tax of a rate of 6%applies to revenue derived from the provision of some modern services. Unlike business tax, a taxpayer is allowed to offset the qualified input value added tax paidon taxable purchases against the output value added tax chargeable on the modern services provided.C.Organizational StructureSee “—A. History and Development of the Company—Corporate Structure” above for details of our current organizational structure.42Table of ContentsD.Property, Plants and EquipmentOur company has established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31,2018, this network was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, our company’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The facilityhas a production capacity of 2 million pieces per year and we move in upon the completion of phase 2 in year 2015. By relocating from the coastal area to AnhuiProvince, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a more stable labor supply. We manufacture a variety of menswear products, including, jeans,shirts, suits and socks. Because of its variety and complexity in the production process, these products require special sewing machines and workmanship, whichwe currently do not possess. As a result, the Company is not yet able to produce KBS branded products and has outsourced its KBS branded productmanufacturing to other established ODM and OEM manufacturers in the Fujian and Zhejiang regions. The Company has completed the second phase constructionof its new factory at the end of 2014. The second phase has an annual production capacity of 5 million pieces subject to our purchasing additional equipment.Currently Anhui factory mainly produces OEM orders and some international orders.Our production facility consists of total 110,557 square meters of land. We obtained a portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square metersand 2,440 square meters in May 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildingsand offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need foradditional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of landhas been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Oncethe construction of the new production facilities is completed, our total production capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year fromthe current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.In 2016, we closed 1 corporate store and as of December 31, 2018, we leased the premises for our sole remaining corporate store. We have undertaken variousmeasures to verify the lessees’ rights to the property leased to us in respect of its stores. In China, all land is owned by the State or other governmental bodies, and“ownership” is generally evidenced by a land use rights certificate. We rent some stores that were located in rural areas where land use rights are held collectivelyby villages and records regarding the ownership of land use rights are frequently not kept. In these cases, the company has confirmed our ability to lease the storesthrough communications with village authorities, and has reviewed electricity and water bills to confirm utilities are being paid by the parties leasing the premises tous. Based on the results of these efforts, we believe the risk of third party claims against our leases of these stores is relatively small and the measures taken by ourcompany are sufficient to verify the land use rights for all of its stores.In addition, the property used as our head office and corporate store is leased from a related party, whose ownership of the property has been verified by ourcompany. We paid a total of RMB720,000, RMB 720,000, and RMB 720,000, as rental fees for the existing corporate stores during the fiscal years 2016, 2017 and 2018,respectively. The total area of these 2 corporate stores is 158 square meters. The sales of each store and its location are shown below:AreaSales in fiscalyear 2016(USD)Sales in fiscalyear 2017(USD)Sales in fiscalyear2018(USD)Shishi factory1,240,354.74772,299691,431Quanzhou Dayang (closed in 2016)470,280.90Total:1,710,635.64772,299691,43143Table of ContentsITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot required.ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSWe are engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of casual menswear in China, including apparel and accessories, which we market under the KBSbrand. The KBS brand was developed in 2006. Before 2012, we were engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of fashion sportswear in China. Sinceour products feature a unique and stylish design that is more fashionable than traditional sportswear, as well as quality fabrics and materials and the sportswearmarket was becoming more and more competitive, in late 2011 we turned our focus on casual menswear market which has higher profit margin. KBS’s apparelproducts include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, Jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, belts and caps. In 2016, the suggestedretail prices of KBS’s products ranged from RMB199 to RMB1,499 for its apparel products and RMB15 to RMB899 for its accessory products. KBS holds newproducts launch events twice every year, one in spring and the other in autumn. Since 2006, we have launched about 1,500,536 collections of new products eachyear with a different theme to highlight the current trends for the season. KBS’s marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese.” KBS’scustomers are male middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range, primarily located in tier two and tier three cities in China. The company has adopted “KBS” as auniform brand name, which stands for “Keep Best Style”, and KBS are designed by us for a uniform look and feel that fits our brand image, with instore displaysthat accentuate the quality and style of our products across all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. We believe that the KBSbrand has become a recognized brand name in the cities where their products are sold.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors. Thenumber of stores grew significantly from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006 to 31 corporate stores as of December 31, 2012 and 96franchised stores as of December 31, 2013, and decreased to 84 stores as of December 31, 2014. Because of the recent softening of economic growing in China andfierce competition from our competitors, online store sales of franchised stores and corporate stores went down in 2015 as compared with the previous year. In 2017and 2018, the distributors closed 15 and 8 franchised stores, respectively, and we closed 1 corporate store in year 2016. We generate more revenues from OEM in2018 and intend to generate more in OEM and target area from acquisitions.KBS also acts as an original design manufacturer, or ODM, upon request. Income from such services accounted for 14%, 7.3% and 9% of revenue for the yearsended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, KBS’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The company believesthat the shortage of labor and rising wage expectations in China, especially in the coastal area, could have a material impact on our operations as well as itssuppliers’ cost of manufacturing. By relocating from the coastal area to inland Anhui Province, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a morestable labor supply. Since the company’s original production team was not ready to produce the new style KBS products, KBS has outsourced its productmanufacturing to other established ODM manufacturers. As such, KBS’s own production facility in Taihu mainly takes OEM orders from other sportswearcompanies, like Xtep. Our production facility in Taihu, Anhui Province includes three parcels of land with a total area of 110,557 square meters. We have obtainedland use rights for two parcels of land with an area of 9,845 square meters in 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction ofthe adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire theland use right of the third parcel of land. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 can be continued. Once completed, our totalproduction capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year. We do not necessarilyrely on our own production facility to satisfy the demand of our products as we may outsource some or all of the production work to various ODM and OEMmanufacturers in China.44Table of ContentsA.Principal Factors Affecting Financial PerformanceOur operating results are primarily affected by the following factors:●Growth of China’s menswear industry. With approximately onefifth of the world’s population and a fastgrowing gross domestic product, Chinarepresents a significant growth opportunity for a wide variety of retail goods, including apparel. The enhanced living standards and increased disposableincome that has resulted from the vibrant economic growth has driven the rapid development of the men’s apparel market in China in recent years. China iscurrently one of the world’s largest men’s apparel markets. As a leading provider of casual menswear in China, we believe we are well positioned tocapitalize on the favorable economic, demographic and industry trends in this sector.●Brand recognition. We derive all of our revenues from sales of the KBS branded products in China, and our success depends on the market perceptionand acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture, lifestyle and images associated with this brand. Market acceptance of our brand may affect the sellingprices and market demand for our products, the profit margin of us can achieve, and our ability to grow.●Ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network. The ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in terms of floor area in our salesnetwork affects our results of operations in a given period. The franchised stores operated by our distributors have been and will continue to be the maincontributor to our revenue for the foreseeable future. Under the distribution business model, we sell directly to our distributors and recognize revenuesupon delivery of our products to them. Such distribution network has enabled us to accelerate sales growth at a much lower cost than opening direct storesand has limited our inventory and sales risks. Corporate stores operated by us, on the other hand, despite incurring more significant capital expenditures ascompared with franchised stores, allow us more control over our brand and the consumer’s shopping experience, which are important factors for the overallsuccess of our business. In addition, our corporate store sales generally have a higher gross profit margin than sales to distributors because we are able tosell the products at retail prices directly to the endconsumers and because we recognize expenses relating to our corporate stores as selling anddistribution expenses. Therefore, the ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network will affect our gross profit margin.●Product offering and pricing. Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define menswear trends as well as to anticipate, gauge andreact to changing consumer demands for menswear in a timely manner. Most of our products are subject to changing consumer preferences and fashiontrends that cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumer acceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, andour future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes.●Fluctuations in raw material supply and prices. The per unit cost of producing our products depends on the supply and price of raw materials,particularly fabrics such as cotton, wool and polyester, which have experienced volatility in past years. Increases in the price of raw materials wouldnegatively impact our gross margins if we are not able to offset such price increases through increases in our selling price or changes in product offeringsand mix.Financial Statement PresentationRevenue. During the periods covered by this section, we generated revenue from sales of our menswear products.45Table of ContentsCost of sales. During the periods covered by this section, our cost of sales primarily consisted of the costs of our outsourcing cost, raw materials, labor andoverhead. We did not have any inward or outward freight charges as these charges are borne by our distributors and suppliers.Gross profit and gross margin. For the periods covered by this section, our gross profit is equal to the difference between our net sales and cost of sales. Our grossmargin is equal to the gross profit divided by net sales. Our gross margin may not be comparable to those of other retail entities since some retail entities include allof their distribution network costs in cost of sales and others, like us, include these expenses in another statement of operations line item.Administrative expenses. For the periods covered by this section, general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to ourgeneral management, finance and administrative staff, professional advisor fees, audit fees and other expenses incurred in connection with general operations.Selling expenses. For the periods covered by this section, our selling and marketing expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to our sales andmarketing staff, store rent, business travel, coordination with distributor marketing and promotions, transportation costs and other sales related costs.Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, both in U.S. dollars and as apercentage of or revenue.Year endedDecember 31, 2018Year ended December 31, 2017Year ended December 31, 2016Amount% of SalesAmount% of SalesAmount% of SalesRevenue18,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales20,851,252112%35,274,352148%39,041,93295%Gross (loss)/profit2,316,13712%11,511,81648%2,158,2725%Operating expensesDistribution and selling expenses2,670,95514%3,265,38014%3,606,0109%Administrative expenses4,907,02026%4,879,39721%3,543,9939%Total operating expenses7,577,97541%8,144,77634%7,150,00317%Other income122,1391%461,5642%555,0511%Other gains and losses13,522,30073%122,2441%11,123,76727%Loss from operations23,294,273126%19,317,27281%15,560,44738%Finance costs96,4441%96,3850%71,7830%Change in fair value of warrant liabilities00%00%3,4090%Loss before tax23,390,717126%19,413,65782%15,628,82138%Income tax5,422,11929%4,598,06119%3,726,1339%Loss for the year17,968,59897%14,815,59662%11,902,68829%46Table of ContentsA breakdown of revenue, percentage of revenue and percentage of gross margin by segment for the respective periods is as follows:BybusinessDistribution networkCorporate storesOEMConsolidatedYear endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Sales toexternalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205% of Sales73%63%78%13%29%13%14%7%9%100%100%100%Segmentsgrossmargins2,245,9442,277,8586,623,6175,402,99414,291,6805,727,349845,700502,0071,262,0052,316,13611,511,8162,158,273Grossmarginrate17%15%21%227%205%104%33%29%36%12%48%5%Segment salesFor the year ended December 31, 2018, total revenue decreased by 22% from $23.8 million in 2017 to $18.5 million. Our total revenue of 2017 decreased by 33% from$41.2 million to $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company reports financial and operating results in three segments: distributor network,corporate stores and OEM.Distributor Network —Revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2018 decreased by 10% from $15 million in 2017 to $13 million primarily due to adecrease in sales volume. There was a decrease of revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2017 by 53% from $32.1 million in year 2016 primarily dueto a decrease in sales volume. The distributor segment accounted for 73% of the total revenue in 2018, compared to 63% and 78% during years 2017 and 2016,respectively.In year 2018, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network increased to 17% from 15% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price of newproducts. The sales went down in year 2018 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstockduring previous periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.47Table of ContentsIn year 2017, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network decreased to 15% from 21% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price, and thesales went down in year 2017 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstock duringprevious periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.The Company’s distributor network currently consists of 11 distributors in 12 provinces. Most of these distributors, either directly or through their subdistributors,operate KBSbranded stores. Some wholesale distributors sold the products to multibranded stores and online stores. As of December 31, 2018, distributorsoperated a total of 32 KBSbranded stores, primarily in second and third tier cities. KBS products distributed to the fourth and fifth tier cities are primarily sold inmultibranded department stores.Corporate Stores — Total revenue from corporate store sale for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $6.98 million for year 2017. In 2018 sales fromcorporate store decreased as compared to 2017 due to a decrease in promotion sales of repurchased inventory from certain distributors which are unable to pay offthe debts owed to us.Total revenue from corporate store sales for fiscal year 2017 was $6.98 million, compared to $5.53 million for year 2016. In 2017 sales from corporate stores increasedas compared to 2016 due to an increase in sales volume, which in turn was mainly attributable to the increase in promotion sales on repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors which are unable to pay off the debts owed to us.As of December 31, 2018, we operated 1 corporate store which located in Fujian. Total revenue from corporate store sales of 2018 decreased as compared to 2017because of the decrease the promotion sales of repurchased inventory.The corporate store segment contributed 14% of total revenue in 2018, compared to 29% of 2017 and 13% of 2016. Gross profit margin for the Company’s corporatestore was 232% in 2018, compared to 205% in 2017 and 104% in 2016. The margin compression from 2016 to 2018 is primarily due to: 1) close of 1 corporate store in2016 and the sale of its inventory at a lower price; 2) reduction of sale price of our goods in corporate stores to stimulate sales; 3) loss from sales of repurchasedinventory from certain distributors which sold at big discounted price in year 2017 and year 2018.OEM — The OEM segment is comprised of products that are designed by the customers but manufactured by us. Revenue from the OEM segment increased by$0.83 million to $2.57 million for year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017. Gross profit margin increased to 33%from 29% of year 2017. Revenue from the OEM segment decreased by $1.79 million to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $3.53 million foryear ended December 31, 2016. Gross profit margin decreased to 29% from 36% of year 2016. Our revenues from sales of OEM represented 14%, 9% and 9%,respectively of our total revenues for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.Cost of sales and gross profit rateCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for production purpose,outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges and water and electricity.Our cost of sales decreased from $35 million in year 2017 to $21 million in year 2018. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017.The gross profit rate increased from 48% in year 2017 to 12% in year 2018 due to 1) a decrease in the number of promotion sales in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, whichcaused a loss at RMB 40 million; 2) the higher price of updated new products and improvement of products quality; 3) higher profit margin of OEM segments due tolower amortized fixed fees from big orders from certain customers. In order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continuedoperation, we decided to continue to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors in 2018 and thereafter.48Table of ContentsOur cost of sales decreased from $39 million in year 2016 to $35 million in year 2017. The decrease was consistent with the decrease in our revenue, which resulted ina decrease in purchases by $7 million. The decrease in purchases was mainly due to a challenging retail environment and close of some stores.The gross profit rate decreased from 5% in year 2016 to 48% in year 2017 due to 1) a decrease in the number of our franchised stores from 55 as of December 31,2016 to 40 as of December 31, 2017; 2) in order to make more fair and friendly business environment for our all distributors, we adjusted our price policy to havesame price to our district distributors and province distributors in 2017, the price sell to the district distributor is lower than before. 3) a slowdown in demand inmenswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and our distributors faceddifficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 141.42 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million. Although we are not contractually obligated to buy back the excessiveinventory from any our distributors, in order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continued operation, we decided to do same in2017 to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors and we may implement similar plans in the following years.Administrative expensesAdministrative expenses increased by $0.02 million or 1% to $4.9 million for year 2018 from $4.88 million for 2017. The change was mainly due to the decrease ofoutsourcing design expense and the increase of the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Administrative expenses increased by $1.34 million or 37% to $4.88 million for year 2017 from $3.54 million for 2016. The increase was mainly due to the increase indesign staff expenses and the increase attributable to the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Distribution and selling expensesThe selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.59 million or 18% to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $ 3.2 million in 2017, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expense, products promotion expenses and entertainment expenses.The selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.34 million or 9.45% to $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $ 3.6 million in 2016, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expenses and promotion expense of products including placement order meeting expense.The advertisement expenses of 2018, 2017 and 2016 are relatively even and selling expenses accounted for 6.6%, 7.5% and 9% for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Other gains and lossesOther gains and losses increased by $13.4 million, or 10,875%, to $13.52 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $0.12 million for year 2017. The increasewas mainly due to the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value.Other gains and losses decreased by $11 million, or 98.9%, to $0.12 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $11.1 million for year 2016. The decrease wasmainly due to the fact that there was no additional provision on bad debts from three clients as in 2016.Profit for the yearWe had a loss of $18 million in 2018 as compared to a loss of $14.81 million for 2017, representing a decrease of profit of $3 million or 21%. Net margin was 97% forthe year ended December 31, 2018, compared to 62% for the year ended December 31, 2017.49Table of ContentsWe had a loss of $14.81 million in 2017 as compared to a loss of $11.9 million for 2016, representing a decrease of profit of $2.91 million or 25%. Net margin was 62%for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 29% for the year ended December 31, 2016.Profit for the year decreased from 2018 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons:(1)the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value (2) thedistribution and selling expenses decreased to a small portion of total revenue and the revenue also decreased compared to year ended December 31, 2017; (3) aslowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brands, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling products and paying back the balance owed to us. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 40 million.Profit for the year decreased from 2016 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons: (1) the administrative expenses increased to a large portion of total revenue; and(2) slowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 141.42 millionfrom certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million.B.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesAs of December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $21,026,103. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and cash in the banks. Webelieve that our current levels of cash and cash equivalent and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next12 months. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through net cash flow from operations. Our cash flows are driven by key performance indicatorsincluding the number of orders placed by distributors, number of outlets that each distributor operates the pricing of our products, sales of our corporate stores, andthe collect portion of account receivable. Currently there is only minimal cash held by offshore subsidiaries and there is no need for these subsidiaries to transfercash to Hongri PRC.The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this report:Fiscal Year Ended December 31201820172016Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(3,703,354)$1,922,252$3,194,287Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities52,932(865,365)45,445Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(3,907,291)(39,024)4,919,241Effects of exchange rate change in cash(1,117,062)1,513,138(1,556,980)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080Cash and cash equivalent at end of the period$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,34150Table of ContentsOperating ActivitiesThe net cash provided by operating activities consists of profit before tax, as adjusted by finance costs, change in fair value of warrant liabilities, interest income,shared based compensation, bad debt allowance, depreciation of property, plant and equipment, amortization of prepaid lease payment and trademark, amortizationof subsidies prepaid to distributors, amortization of prepayment and premiums under operating leases, provision(Reversal) of inventory obsolescence, provision ofimpairment loss in prepayments, loss(gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment, deferred income tax, which include trade and other receivables, prepaymentand deferred expenses, inventory, trade and other payables.Net cash used in operating activities in fiscal year 2018 was $3.7 million, compared with net cash provided by operating activities of $1.9 million in the year endedDecember 31, 2017. The change is mainly due to the increase of provision of Anhui property and the increase of deferred tax due to the loss of fiscal year 2018.Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.9 million, compared with $3.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2016. The change is mainlydue to the decrease in the amount of collection of account receivable.Investing ActivitiesNet cash provided by investing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.05 million, compared with $0.8 million net cash used in investing activities in 2017. The net cashprovided in investing activities in 2018 was interest received from our bank deposits.Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $0.8 million, compared with $0.04 million net cash provided by investing activities in 2016. The net cashused in investing activities in 2017 was to purchase fire protection facility.Financing ActivitiesNet cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.26 million, compared with $1.1 million net cash used in financing activities in 2017. It mainly consistedof repayment of bank loans in 2018.Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.1 million, compared with $1.68 million net cash provided by financing activities in 2016. It mainlyconsisted of interests paid for our bank loans.Loans, Other Commitments, ContingenciesAs of December 31, 2018, we had bank loans in an amount of $1,092,785. We may, however, in the future, require additional cash resources due to changing businessconditions, implementation of our strategy to expand our business or other investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our own financial resources areinsufficient to satisfy the capital requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain additional credit facilities. The sale of additionalequity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require usto agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overallbusiness prospects.C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.Our industry is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and changing customer demands. These conditions require continuousexpenditures on product research and development to enhance existing products create new products and avoid product obsolescence. See Item 3 “Key Information—D. Risk Factors—If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected,” —“Ifwe are unable to keep pace with the rapid technological changes in our industry, demand for our products and services could decline which would adversely affectour revenue,” and —“Our technology may become obsolete which could materially adversely affect our ability to sell our products and services.” For a detailedanalysis of research and development costs, see Item 5.A. “Operating Results—Results of Operations—Research and development expenses”.D.Trend InformationOther than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that wouldcause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.E.Off Balance Sheet ArrangementsWe do not have any off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes infinancial condition, sales or expenses, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures, or capital resources that are material to an investment in our securities.51Table of ContentsF.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual ObligationsThe table below shows our material contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018.Payments Due by PeriodLess than1 year13 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsContractual ObligationsConstruction Obligations$64,088,236Operating Lease Obligations$78,532146,7052,225,030Total$64,166,768146,7052,225,030Anhui Factory Construction ContractOn November 20, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party for the construction of a new plant with a total size of 110,557 square meters, atTaihu City, Anhui at a consideration of RMB 690 million (equivalent to approximately $104 million). This is the frame contract for the construction of Anhui factoryand round estimation. By December 31, 2016 we had already paid about $37.75 million in total on the phase 1, 2, 3 of construction based on detailed phase contractand the balance of construction cost of the Anui factory need to be determined based on the ontime budget on every phase. The majority of funds for constructionexpenses came from the cash balance on the account as of December 31, 2018 and the new profit of following year.Anhui Land Use Right Acquisition ContractOn September 2, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party to acquire a land use right in relation to the development of factories in Taihu City,Anhui Province, at a total consideration of RMB 43 million (approximately $6.3 million). Full consideration was paid in September 2010. There are three parts of theland. The Company has obtained land use rights certificates for the first parcel of land with 7,405 square meters on March 19, 2012, and the second parcel of landwith 2,440 square meters on May 26, 2012. The Company is currently in the process of obtaining the land use right certificate for the third parcel of the land with100,712 square meters.Except as set forth above, we have no other material longterm debt, capital or operating lease or fixed purchase obligations.InflationInflation and changing prices have not had a material effect on our business, and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect ourbusiness in the foreseeable future. However, our management will closely monitor price changes in the Chinese economy and the apparel industry and continuallymaintain effective cost controls in operations.52Table of ContentsSeasonalityOur business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal. Historically, we have realized more of our revenue and earnings in the fourth quarter, which includes themajority of the holiday shopping season, than in any other fiscal quarter.Critical Accounting PoliciesThe preparation of financial statements is in conformity with IFRS as issued by the IASB. It requires the Company’s management to make assumptions, estimatesand judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. The Company hasidentified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of Company’s financial statements. These accounting policies are important for anunderstanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of theCompany’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to makeestimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitivebecause of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly frommanagement’s current judgments. The Company believes the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in thepreparation of the Company’s financial statements.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects the considerationto which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled in exchange fortransferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that asignificant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration issubsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to the customerfor more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would be reflected in a separatefinancing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financing component which provides theCompany a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interest expense accreted on the contract liabilityunder the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services is oneyear or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component, using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of the goods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receiptsover the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.53Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with thedividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. Revenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer. Revenue from allabove categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of thetransaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered and title has passed.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting the deductible inputVAT of the period, is VAT payable.54Table of ContentsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial periodof time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use orsale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal government retirementbenefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fund their retirementbenefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal government takes responsibility for theretirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly, the only obligation of the Groupwith respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employment with the Group. There are no provisionsunder the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans are considered defined contribution plans. The Grouphas no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixed contributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pensionschemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service is performed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised inother comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Groupoperates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable taxregulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred taxassets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which thosedeductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or fromthe initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accountingprofit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able to control thereversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising fromdeductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profitsagainst which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.55Table of ContentsThe carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficienttaxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based ontax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assetsreflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carryingamount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when thedeferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities wherethere is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, inwhich case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arisesfrom the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.Store preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll and supplies.The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenses when occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases areclassified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes. Leaseholdimprovements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes other thanconstruction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful lives and aftertaking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction in progressis carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment whencompleted and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for theirintended use.56Table of ContentsAn item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of theasset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) isincluded in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.The Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights to use theland on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizable valuerepresents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fair valuethrough profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model formanaging them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the practicalexpedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus in the case of a financialasset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group hasapplied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance with the policies set out for “Revenue recognition(applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cash flowsthat are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established by regulation orconvention in the marketplace.57Subsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognised inthe income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversals arerecognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair value changes arerecognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive income is recycled to theincome statement.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under HKAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. The classification isdetermined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statement when theright of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and the amount of the dividendcan be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains arerecorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income are not subject to impairmentassessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value throughprofit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for thepurpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading unless they aredesignated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interest are classified and measured atfair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to be classified at amortised cost or at fairvalue through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition ifdoing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.58Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in theincome statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separate derivative if theeconomic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet thedefinition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changesin fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cashflows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between thecontractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the originaleffective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to thecontractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are providedfor credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been asignificant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespectiveof the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. When making theassessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on thefinancial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort,including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider afinancial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full beforetaking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering thecontractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the general approach andthey are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach as detailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured at anamount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets and for whichthe loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the loss allowance ismeasured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs59Simplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of asignificant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not track changes incredit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on itshistorical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt the simplifiedapproach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed from theGroup’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to what extent, ithas retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset nortransferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Groupalso recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that theGroup has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and the maximumamount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’sfinancial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.Subsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method unless theeffect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement when the liabilities arederecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.60Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantiallymodified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference between therespective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right tooffset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to the contractualprovisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financialassets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.The Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. Theeffective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of theeffective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, where appropriate, a shorter period tothe net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.61Table of ContentsReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including trade and otherreceivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment (seeaccounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a resultof one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have been affected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequently assessed forimpairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience of collecting payments,and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national or local economic conditions thatcorrelate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between the asset’scarrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.The carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables, where thecarrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized in profit or loss. When atrade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off arecredited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment losseswas recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset at the date theimpairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.G.Safe HarborSee “Introductory Notes—ForwardLooking Information.”62Table of ContentsITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEESA.Directors and Senior ManagementThe following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors and senior management, as well as employees upon whose work we are dependent, as ofthe date of this annual report.NAMEAGEPOSITIONKeyan Yan47Chairman and Chief Executive OfficerThemis Kalapotharakos44Executive DirectorLixiaTu37Chief Financial Officer and DirectorJohn Sano49Independent DirectorMatthew C. Los54Independent DirectorZhongmin Zhang76Independent DirectorYuet Mei Chan38Independent DirectorMr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has been the Chairman of our board of directors and Chief Executive Officer since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr.Yan has over 16 years of senior management experience. He served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of KBS International between March 2011 and August2014. From 1994 to present, Mr. Yan has served as general manager of Hongri PRC. Prior to joining us, Mr. Yan served as workshop manager, production managerand marketing manager of Zhenshi Knitting Factory in Shishi, China from 19891994. Mr. Yan obtained a certificate of corporate management from Xiamen Universityin 1992.Ms. Lixia Tu. Ms. Tu became the Company’s Chief Financial Officer on June 25, 2015. Ms. Tu has more than night years of accounting and audit experience, familiarwith IFRS, US GAAP, SarbanesOxley and the compliance requirements of SEC. After she worked as a project manager at BDO China Fu Jian SHU LUN PANCertified Public Accountants for four years, she worked as a CFO or a financial consultant for some other companies. Ms. Tu holds a Master’s degree inprofessional accounting from the University of Deakin in Australia. Ms. Tu is also a member of the Chartered Association of Certified Accountants.Mr. Themis Kalapotharakos. Mr. Kalapotharakos became our executive director on June 15, 2015. Mr. Kalapotharakos has acquired a range of expertise of a widespectrum of business activities. He has extensive highlevel experience at the Shipping, Trading and Finance industries where he has founded, developed andoperated various businesses starting from the ground up. His roles involved regular communication and coordination with investors, financial institutions, capitalmarket authorities, custodian and administrative banks, auditors and legal counsel. He holds a Bachelor’s degree from Cardiff University and an MSc Degree fromCass Business School in the UK.John Sano. Mr. Sano has been an independent director of the Company since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr. Sano has over 20 years ofexperience in apparel & home furnishings concept, design, sourcing, production, and ecommerce. He has extensive experience in all aspects of the retail clothingsupply chain, from conceptualization to final production and distribution. Mr. Sano has also advised and worked closely with numerous top brands in the US. Hehas been General Director of Sano Design Services since 2002. Mr. Sano has an associate’s degree in interior design from Traphagen School of Design.Mr. Matthew C. Los. Mr. Los became our director on October 8, 2015. Mr. Los has acquired a range of expertise of a wide spectrum of business activities. He hasover 20 years’ experience at high level management, and has founded, developed and operated various businesses in the shipping, energy, telecommunications realestate industries starting from the ground up. He also has experience in the capital markets and was the CEO of Aquasition Corp., the predecessor of the Company,prior to the Share Exchange. Mr. Los has a BSc in Mechanical Engineering and Computer Aided Design from University of Westminster in the UK.Mr. Zhongmin Zhang. Mr. Zhang became our director on July 10, 2017. He has over 45 years of extensive experience in many facets of textile business, including inproduction, marketing, and management. Currently, Mr. Zhang is the president of Zhengzhou Guangda Textile Printing & Dyeing Co., Ltd. which has an annualproduction of 216 million meters of various textile products, with a value of RMB 800 million. Holding a title of Senior Engineer, Mr. Zhang graduated from HarbinInstitute of Technology in 1965. He also has certificates in finance management and civil law.Mr. Yuet Mei Chan. Ms. Chan became our director on July 10, 2017. She has over 15 years of experience in the banking industry. She held several senior positions ina prestigious bank in Hong Kong from 20012016. She is currently a financial consultant at AIA and specializes in analyzing financial situations and market trends.Ms. Chan holds a diploma in Computing and Business Studies from Hong Kong St. Perth College.No family relationship exists between any of the persons named above.63Table of ContentsB.CompensationIn 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $207,268 in cash as compensation to our directors and senior management as a group, and some of our directors andexecutive officers also received compensation in the form of annual salaries and bonuses. We do not set aside or accrue any amounts for pension, retirement orother benefits for our directors and senior management. However, we reimburse our directors for outofpocket expenses incurred in connection with their services insuch capacity.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to our executive officers and directors as compensations for theirservices. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to the Company’s executiveofficers, directors and certain employees as compensations for their service. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.2018 Equity Incentive PlanOn December 24, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2018 Plan, pursuant to which the Company may offerup to two million shares of common stock as equity incentives to its directors, employees and consultants. Such number of shares is subject to adjustment in theevent of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, stock splits, stock dividends, or other change in the corporate structure of the Companyaffecting the shares issuable under the 2018 Plan. As of December 31, 2018, we have not granted any equity awards under the 2018 Plan.The following paragraphs summarize the terms of our 2018 Plan:Purpose. The purposes of the 2018 Plan are to promote the longterm growth and profitability of the Company and its affiliates by stimulating the efforts ofemployees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates who are selected to be participants, aligning the longterm interests of participants with thoseof shareholders, heightening the desire of participants to continue in working toward and contributing to our success, attracting and retaining the best availablepersonnel for positions of substantial responsibility, and generally providing additional incentive for them to promote the success of our business through the grantof awards of or pertaining to our common stock. The 2018 Plan permits the grant of ISOs, NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share AppreciationRights, Performance Units and Performance Shares as the administrator of the 2018 Plan may determine.Administration. The 2018 Plan is administered by our Board. The administrator has the authority to determine the specific terms and conditions of all awards grantedunder the 2018 Plan, including, without limitation, the number of shares of common stock subject to each award, the price to be paid for the shares and the applicablevesting criteria. The administrator has discretion to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2018 Plan.Eligibility. NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share Appreciation Rights, Performance Units and Performance Shares may be granted to employees,directors or consultants either alone or in combination with any other awards. ISOs may be granted only to employees of the Company, and of any parent orsubsidiary.Shares Available for Issuance Under the 2018 Plan. Subject to adjustment as described below, (a) the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issuedunder the 2018 Plan is 2,000,000 shares of common stock, (b) to the extent consistent with Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the“Code”), not more than an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of common stock may be issued under ISOs, and (c) not more than 200,000 shares of common stock (or forawards denominated in cash, the Fair Market Value of 200,000 shares of common stock on the Grant Date, as defined in the 2018 Plan), may be awarded to anyindividual participant in the aggregate in any one fiscal year of the Company, such limitation to be applied in a manner consistent with the requirements of, and onlyto the extent required for compliance with, the exclusion from the limitation on deductibility of compensation under Code Section 162(m). The number and class ofshares available under the 2018 Plan are subject to adjustment in the event of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, share splits, sharedividends, or other similar events which change the number or kind of shares outstanding.64Table of ContentsTransferability. Unless otherwise provided in the 2018 Plan or otherwise determined by the administrator, an award may not be sold, pledged, assigned,hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution and may be exercised, during the lifetime of theparticipant, only by the participant. However, the administrator may, at or after the grant of an award other than an ISO, provide that such award may be transferredby the recipient to a “family member” (as defined in the 2018 Plan); provided, however, that any such transfer is without payment of any consideration whatsoeverand that no transfer shall be valid unless first approved by the administrator, acting in its sole discretion, and as required by our Amended and Restated Articles ofIncorporation. If the administrator makes an award transferable, such award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the administrator deemsappropriate.Termination of, or Amendments to, the 2018 Plan. The Board may at any time amend, alter, suspend or terminate the 2018 Plan, provided that the Company willobtain shareholder approval of any 2018 Plan amendment to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with applicable Laws. No amendment, alteration,suspension or termination of the 2018 Plan will impair the rights of any participant, unless mutually agreed otherwise between the participant and the administrator,which agreement must be in writing and signed by the participant and the Company. Termination of the 2018 Plan will not affect the administrator’s ability to exercisethe powers granted to it hereunder with respect to awards granted prior to the date of such termination.The 2018 Plan will terminate five years following the date it was adopted by the Board, unless sooner terminated by the Board.Employment AgreementsPlease refer to Item 10 “Additional Information—C. Material Contracts.”C.Board PracticesOur board of directors currently consists of seven members, Keyan Yan, Lixia Tu, John Sano, Themis Kalapotharakos, Matthew C. Los, Yuet Mei Chan andZhongmin Zhang.The Board has established the Audit Committee, which is comprised entirely of independent directors. From time to time, the Board may establish other committees.Audit CommitteeOur Audit Committee is currently composed of three members: Yuet Mei Chan, John Sano and Matthew C. Los. Our Board of Directors determined that each memberof the Audit Committee meets the independence criteria prescribed by applicable regulation and the rules of the SEC for audit committee membership. Each AuditCommittee member also meets NASDAQ’s financial literacy requirements. Matthew C. Los serves as Chair of the Audit Committee.Our Board of Directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is the “audit committee financial expert” as such term is defined in Item 407(d) of Regulation SKpromulgated by the SEC and also meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements.The Audit Committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our Company. The Audit Committee isresponsible for, among other things:●the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the independent auditor;●reviewing and preapproving all auditing services and permissible nonaudit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed by theindependent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed relatedparty transactions;●discussing the interim and annual financial statements with management and our independent auditors;●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor (a) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls, (b) theCompany’s internal audit procedures, and (c) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, and managementreports thereon;65Table of Contents●reviewing reported violations of the Company’s code of conduct and business ethics; and●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor various topics and events that may have significant financial impact on theCompany or that are the subject of discussions between management and the independent auditors.D.EmployeesAs of December 31, 2018, we employed 370 fulltime employees. The following table sets forth the number of our fulltime employees by function. FunctionNumber ofEmployeesManagement and Administration28Marketing, Sales and Distribution18Design and Product Development20Production281Procurement, Warehousing and Logistics19Quality and Assurance7TOTAL370We believe that we have maintained a satisfactory working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any significant labor disputes or anydifficulty in recruiting staff for company’s operations. None of company’s employees is represented by a labor union.Our employees in China participate in a state pension plan organized by Chinese municipal and provincial governments. The company is required to make monthlycontributions to the plan for each employee at the rate of 23% of his or her average assessable salary. In addition, the company is required by Chinese law to coveremployees in China with various types of social insurance. The company believes that it is in material compliance with the relevant PRC laws.E.Share OwnershipThe following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of each class of our voting securities as of April 26, 2019 (i) by each person who is knownby us to beneficially own more than 5% of our voting securities; (ii) by each of our officers and directors; and (iii) by all of our officers and directors as a group.NameOffice, If AnyTitle of ClassAmount andNature ofBeneficialOwnership(1)Percent ofClass(2)Officers and DirectorsKeyan Yan(3)Chairman, CEO and PresidentCommon Stock964,32037.21%Lixia TuChief Financial Officer and DirectorCommon Stock60,0002.32%Themis KalapotharakosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%John SanoDirectorCommon Stock5,0000.19%Matthew C. LosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%Zhongmin ZhangDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%Yuet Mei ChanDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%All officers and directors as a group (7 personsnamed above)1,129,32043.58%5% Security HoldersKeyan Yan (3)Common Stock964,32037.21%Alliance Investment Management Limited(4)Common Stock195,488(4)7.54%*Less than 1%(1)Beneficial Ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Eachof the beneficial owners listed above has direct ownership of and sole voting power and investment power with respect to our common stock.66Table of Contents(2)As of April 26, 2019, a total of 2,591,299 shares of commons stock are considered to be outstanding pursuant to SEC Rule 13d3(d)(1). For each Beneficial Ownerabove, any securities that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days have been included in the denominator.(3)Includes 20,000 shares of common stock owned by Bizhen Chen, Mr. Yan’s wife.(4)Based solely on Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on August 8, 2018, in which Alliance Investment Management reported it has sole voting and dispositivepower with respect to 195,488 shares of our common stock. The address of the reporting person is 7 Belmont Road, Kingston, Jamaica.None of our existing shareholders has voting rights that differ from the voting rights of other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at asubsequent date, result in our change in control.ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSA.Major ShareholdersPlease refer to Item 6 “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.”B.Related Party TransactionsFrom time to time, KBS and its subsidiaries borrowed money from our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Keyan Yan, to pay for Company expenses. Theseamounts are interestfree, unsecured and repayable on demand. In years 2017 and 2016, Mr. Yan paid all the Company expenses in connection with the Company’sNasdaq continued listing and SEC reporting out of his pocket. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of these amounts we borrowed from Mr. Yan was$485,302 and $35,483, respectively.C.Interests of Experts and CounselNot applicable.ITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATIONA.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial InformationFinancial StatementsWe have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this report. See Item 18 “Financial Statements.”Legal Proceedings We may be subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our business from time to time. We are currently not party to anylegal or arbitration proceedings, including those relating to bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings and those involving any third party, which may have, orhave had in the recent past, significant effects on our financial position or profitability.Dividend PolicyTo date, we have not paid any cash dividends on our shares. As a Marshall Islands company, we may only declare and pay dividends except when the corporationis insolvent or would thereby be made insolvent or when the declaration or payment would be contrary to any restrictions contained in our Articles ofIncorporation. Dividends may be declared and paid out of surplus only; but in case there is no surplus, dividends may be declared or paid out of the net profits forthe fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and for the preceding fiscal year. We currently anticipate that we will retain any available funds to finance thegrowth and operation of our business and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our cash held in foreign countriesmay be subject to certain control limitations or repatriation requirements, limiting our ability to use this cash to pay dividends.67Table of ContentsB.Significant ChangesNo significant change has occurred since the date of our consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTINGA.Offer and Listing DetailsOur common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market and trade under the symbol “KBSF.” Between January 23, 2013 and November 3, 2014, our commonstock was traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “AQU.” Our Warrants and Units are quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “KBSFW”and “KBSFU”, respectively. Prior to November 3, 2014, our Warrants and Units were quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “AQUUF” and “AQUUU”,respectively. Before their quotation on the OTC Markets, our Units commenced to trade on the Nasdaq Stock Market on October 26, 2012 and our Warrantscommenced to trade separately from its Units on January 23, 2013.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.Approximate Number of Holders of Our SecuritiesOn April 26, 2019, there was 1 holder of record of our Units, 359 shareholders of record of our common stock and 1 holder of record of our Warrants. Certain of oursecurities are held in nominee or street name so the actual number of beneficial owners of our securities is greater than the number of record holders set forth above.B.Plan of DistributionNot applicable.C.MarketsSee our disclosures above under “A. Offer and Listing Details.”D.Selling ShareholdersNot applicable. E.DilutionNot applicable.F.Expenses of the IssueNot applicable.68Table of ContentsITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONA.Share CapitalOur Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation authorize the Company to issue up to 155,000,000 shares with a par value of $0.0001, consisting of 150,000,000shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of date of this report, there are 2,591,299 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Wehave never issued any preferred stock.●As of date of this report, we have 717 IPO Units outstanding.●As of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding (including 369,302 IPO Warrants and 24,534 Placement Warrants), each warrant entitles theholder to purchase one share of common stock at a purchase price of $172.5.B.Memorandum and Articles of AssociationThe following represents a summary of certain key provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. The summary does not purport to be a summary of allof the provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. For more complete information you should read our amended and restated articles ofincorporation and bylaws, each listed as an exhibit to this report.We were incorporated in the Marshall Islands on January 26, 2012 under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BCA”). The purpose of the Company isto engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may now or hereafter be organized under the BCA. Our amended and restated articles of incorporationand bylaws do not impose any limitations on the ownership rights of our stockholders.Description of Common StockEach outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Upon our dissolution, liquidation orwinding up of the affairs of the Company, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidationpreferences, if any, the holders or our common stock will be entitled to receive pro rata our remaining assets available for distribution. Holders of common stock donot have conversion, redemption or preemptive rights to subscribe to any of our securities.Blank Check Preferred Stock.Our Board of Directors is authorized, without any further vote or action by our stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in different classesand series and, with respect to each class or series, to determine the designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights,conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the powers and rights associated with the common stock,at such times and on such other terms as they think proper. Our Board of Directors may issue shares of preferred stock on terms calculated to discourage, delay orprevent a change of control of our company or the removal of our management.WarrantsAs of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding, among which 369,302 warrants were issued to the public in our IPO (the “IPO Warrants”). Each ofthe IPO Warrants entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.5 expiring on July 31, 2019, provided that there is an effectiveregistration statement covering the shares of common stock underlying the IPO Warrants.69Table of ContentsThe Company may redeem the IPO Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon 30 days’ notice, after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, only inthe event that the last sale price of the shares of common stock is at least $17.50 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30trading day period (“30Day TradingPeriod”) ending three business days prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is a current registration statement in effect with respectto the shares of common stock underlying such IPO Warrants throughout the 30day redemption period. The Company is only required to use its best efforts tomaintain the effectiveness of the registration statement covering the underlying common stock of the IPO Warrants. There are no contractual penalties for failure todeliver securities if a registration statement is not effective at the time of exercise. Additionally, in the event that a registration statement is not effective at the time ofexercise, the holder of such warrant shall not be entitled to exercise such warrant for cash and in no event (whether in the case of a registration statement not beingeffective or otherwise) will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrant exercise.In addition, Aqua Investments Corp., an entity controlled by certain founding shareholders of the Company, acquired 24,534 warrants, each entitles the holder topurchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50, expiring on July 31, 2019 (the “Placement Warrants”). The Placement Warrants are identical to the IPOWarrants except that the Placement Warrants (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis; (ii) will not be redeemable by the Company and (ii) may beexercised even if there is not an effective registration statement relating to the shares underlying the warrants, so long as they are held by the initial purchaser orany of its permitted transferees.As of date of this report, we also have 717 IPO Units outstanding and publicly trading, each including one IPO Warrant and one share of our common stock.DirectorsThe business and affairs of the Company are managed by or under the direction of our Board of Directors.Our directors are elected by the holders of the shares representing a majority of the total voting power of the thenoutstanding capital stock of the Company entitledto vote generally in the election of directors (“Voting Stock”). Our amended and restated articles of incorporation provide that cumulative voting shall not be used toelect directors. Each director will be elected to serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his/her successor shall have been duly elected andqualified, except in the event of his/her death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of his/her term of office.Any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of thetotal voting power of the Voting Stock entitled to vote thereon or with cause by directors constituting at least twothirds of the entire Board.Vacancies in the Board of Directors occurring by death, resignation, the creation of new directorships, the failure of the shareholders to elect the whole board at anyannual election of directors, or, except as herein provided, for any other reason, including removal of directors for cause, may be filled either by the affirmative voteof a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, at any special meeting called for that purpose or at any regular meeting of theBoard. Vacancies occurring by removal of directors without cause may be filled only by vote of the shareholders.Shareholder MeetingsAnnual stockholder meetings will be held at a time and place selected by our board of directors. The meetings may be held in or outside of the Marshall Islands.Under our amended and restated articles of incorporation, special meetings may be called by the board of directors, or by the secretary of the Company requestedby stockholders representing certain amount of voting power. Our board of directors shall give not less than 15 days and not more than 60 days prior written noticeof a shareholders’ meeting to each shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat and to each shareholder of record who, by reason of any action proposed at suchmeeting would be entitled to have his/her shares appraised if such action were taken, and the notice shall include a statement of that purpose and to that effect.Our bylaws provide that a meeting of shareholders is duly constituted if, at the commencement of the meeting, there are shareholders present in person or by proxyrepresenting not less than a majority of the votes of the shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on resolutions of shareholders to be considered at themeeting.70Table of ContentsIf a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of stock represented at the meeting will be the act of the shareholders. At any meeting ofshareholders, each shareholder entitled to vote any shares on any manner to be voted upon at such meeting shall be entitled to one vote on such matter for eachsuch share. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the action so taken, issigned by all the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof.Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal and Payment.Under the BCA, our stockholders have the right to dissent from various corporate actions, including any merger or sale of all or substantially all of our assets notmade in the usual course of our business, and receive payment of the fair value of their shares. However, the right of a dissenting stockholder to receive payment ofthe fair value of his or her shares shall not be available for any shares of stock of the constituent corporation surviving a merger if the merger did not require for itsapproval the vote of the stockholders of the surviving corporation. In the event of any further amendment of our articles of incorporation, a stockholder also has theright to dissent and receive payment for his or her shares if the amendment alters certain rights in respect of those shares. The dissenting stockholder must followthe procedures set forth in the BCA to receive payment. In the event that we and any dissenting stockholder fail to agree on a price for the shares, the BCAprocedures involve, among other things, the institution of proceedings in the circuit court in the judicial circuit in the Marshall Islands in which our Marshall Islandsoffice is situated. The value of the shares of the dissenting stockholder is fixed by the court after reference, if the court so elects, to the recommendations of a courtappointed appraiser.Stockholders’ Derivative ActionsUnder the BCA, any of our stockholders may bring an action in our name to procure a judgment in our favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that thestockholder bringing the action is a holder of common stock both at the time the derivative action is commenced and at the time of the transaction to which theaction relates.Indemnification of Officers and DirectorsThe BCA authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors and officers to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages forbreaches of directors’ fiduciary duties. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation include a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors formonetary damages for actions taken as a director to the fullest extent permitted by law. We must indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorizedby law. We are also expressly authorized to advance certain expenses (including attorneys’ fees and disbursements and court costs) to our directors and offices andcarry directors’ and officers’ insurance providing indemnification for our directors, officers and certain employees for some liabilities.The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws may discourage stockholders frombringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigationagainst directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. In addition, your investment may beadversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.C.Material ContractsWe have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in Item 4 “Information on theCompany,” Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations,” Item 7 “Major Shareholders and RelatedParty Transactions,” or filed (or incorporated by reference) as exhibits to this annual report or otherwise described or referenced in this annual report.D.Exchange ControlsMarshall Islands Exchange ControlsUnder Marshall Islands law, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect theremittance of dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our shares.71Table of ContentsBVI Exchange ControlsThere are no material exchange controls restrictions on payment of dividends, interest or other payments to the holders of our common stock or on the conduct ofour operations in the BVI, where we were incorporated. There are no material BVI laws that impose any material exchange controls on us or that affect the paymentof dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our common stock. BVI law and our memorandum and articles of association do not impose anymaterial limitations on the right of nonresidents or foreign owners to hold or vote our common stock.PRC Exchange ControlsRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued bySAFE and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade and service payments, payment ofinterest and dividends can be made without prior approval from SAFE by following the appropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMBinto foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRC for the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments,loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from SAFE or its local office.On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency Management Policy on Direct Investment, effective fromJune 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investmentfrom SAFE. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for the purpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed withqualified banks, which, under the supervision of SAFE, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise, or SAFE Circular 19,was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to SAFE Circular 19, a foreigninvested enterprise may, according to its actualbusiness needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchange bureau has confirmedmonetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the time being, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shall truthfully use itscapital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equity investment with theamount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open a corresponding Account forForeign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming andRegulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or SAFE Circular 16, was promulgated and became effective on June 9,2016. According to SAFE Circular 16, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreign currency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionarybasis. SAFE Circular 16 provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items (including but not limited to foreigncurrency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. SAFE Circular 16 reiterates the principle thatRenminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope andmay not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guarantee the principal within the PRCunless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless it is within the businessscope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Optimizing Genuineness and ComplianceVerification, or SAFE Circular 3, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits from domestic entities tooffshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution, original copies oftax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses before remitting any profits.Moreover, pursuant to SAFE Circular 3, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provide boardresolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.72Table of ContentsRegulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsSAFE issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special PurposeVehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issues Concerning theRegulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles, to regulateforeign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investment and financing orconduct round trip investment in China. SAFE Circular 37 defines a SPV as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly or indirectly, by PRC residents orentities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets or interests, while “round tripinvestment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through SPVs, namely, establishing foreigninvested enterprises to obtain theownership, control rights and management rights. SAFE Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into an SPV, PRC residents or entities be required tocomplete foreign exchange registration with SAFE or its local branch. In addition, SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving theAdministration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended SAFE Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015,requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.PRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to SPVs but had not obtained registration as required before theimplementation of the SAFE Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the SPVs with qualified banks. An amendment to the registration isrequired if there is a material change with respect to the SPV registered, such as any change of basic information (including change of the PRC residents, name andoperation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers or divisions. Failure to comply with the registrationprocedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclose controllers of the foreigninvestedenterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to itsoffshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities to penalties under PRC foreignexchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companiesby PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRCsubsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansSAFE promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan ofOverseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issued by SAFE in March 2007. Pursuant tothe Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residents participating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted companyare required to register with SAFE or its local branches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents mustconduct the SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of theoverseas publicly listed company or another qualified institution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevantSAFE registration should there be any material change to the stock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of thePRC residents who have the right to exercise the employee stock options, apply to SAFE or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreigncurrencies in connection with the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the saleof shares under the stock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRCopened by the PRC agents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.73Table of ContentsWe adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We have advised therecipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice. However, wecannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subjectthe PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016 respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014 respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our BVI holding company may rely on dividend payments from IST,which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on the ability of ourconsolidated VIEs to make remittance to IST and on the ability of IST to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations ofthose entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends andother distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you,and otherwise fund and conduct our business”E.TaxationThe following is a general summary of the material Marshall Islands, Hong Kong, BVI, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to an investmentin our units, shares of common stock and warrants to acquire our shares of common stock, sometimes referred to collectively in this summary as our “securities”.The discussion is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal or tax advice to any particular prospective purchaser. The discussion is based on lawsand relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change or different interpretations, possibly withretroactive effect. The discussion does not address United States state or local tax laws, or tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Marshall Islands, Hong Kong,the BVI, the PRC and the United States. We recommend that you consult your own tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquisition, ownership anddisposition of our securities.Marshall Islands TaxationThe following are the material Marshall Islands tax consequences of our activities to us and to our stockholders and warrant holders of investing in our CommonStock and warrants. Under current Marshall Islands law, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains, and no Marshall Islands withholding tax or income taxwill be imposed upon payments of dividends by us to our stockholders or proceeds from the disposition of our common stock and warrants, provided suchstockholders or warrant holders, as the case may be, are not residents in the Marshall Islands. There is no tax treaty between the United States and the Republic ofthe Marshall Islands.BVI TaxationThe BVI does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid to us by our BVI subsidiary, nor does the BVI levy any capital gains or income taxes on us or our BVIsubsidiary. However, our BVI subsidiary is required to pay the BVI government an annual license fee based on the number of shares it is authorized to issue.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the BVI.74Table of ContentsHong Kong TaxationOur Hong Kong subsidiaries, under the current laws of Hong Kong, are subject to profits tax of 16.5%. No provision for Hong Kong profits tax has been made asour Hong Kong subsidiaries have no taxable income.PRC TaxationWe are a holding company incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which indirectly holds our equity interests in our PRC operating subsidiaries. The EIT Law and itsimplementation rules, both of which became effective as of January 1, 2008, provide that a PRC enterprise is subject to a standard income tax rate of 25% and Chinasourced income of foreign enterprises, such as dividends paid by a PRC subsidiary to its overseas parent, will normally be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of10%, unless there are applicable treaties between the overseas parent’s jurisdiction of incorporation and China to reduce such rate.Under the Arrangement between the Mainland and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention ofFiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, or the Double Taxation Arrangement, effective as of January 1, 2007, such dividend withholding tax rate is reducedto 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns over 25% of the PRC company distributing the dividends. Under the aforesaid arrangement, any dividends that ourPRC operating subsidiaries pay to their Hong Kong holding companies may be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 5% if they are not considered to be a PRC“resident enterprise” as described below. However, if the Hong Kong holdings companies are not considered to be the “beneficial owner” of such dividends underthe Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties promulgated by the State Administration of Taxation on October 27,2009 (and not a PRC “resident enterprise”), such dividends would be subject to the withholding tax rate of 10%. The withholding tax rate of 5% or 10% applicablewill have a significant impact on the amount of dividends to be received by us and ultimately by shareholders.According to the Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties, the term “beneficial owner” refers to a person who hasthe right to own and dispose of the income and the rights or properties generated from the said income. The “beneficial owner” may be an individual, a company orany other organization which is usually engaged in substantial business operations. A conduit company is not a “beneficial owner.” The term “conduit company”refers to a company which is usually established for purposes of dodging or reducing taxes, and transferring or accumulating profits. Such a company is onlyregistered in the country of domicile to satisfy the organizational form as required by law, but it does not engage in such substantial business operations asmanufacturing, distribution and management. As our Hong Kong holding companies are controlling companies and are not engaged in substantial businessoperations, they could be considered as conduit companies by tax authorities and we do not expect them to be a beneficial owner.In addition to the changes to the current tax structure, under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto management bodies” withinChina is considered a resident enterprise and will normally be subject to an EIT of 25% on its global income. The implementing rules define the term “de factomanagement bodies” as “an establishment that exercises, in substance, overall management and control over the production, business, personnel, accounting, etc.,of a Chinese enterprise.”It remains unclear whether the PRC tax authorities would require or permit our overseas registered entities to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. We do notcurrently consider our company to be a PRC resident enterprise. However, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterpriseincome tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on ourworldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on offering proceedsand nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although under the EIT Law and its implementing rulesdividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued guidance with respect to the processing ofoutbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidance issuedwith respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation in which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to our nonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC shareholders from transferring our shares.75Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income TaxationThe following is a discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our securities. It does notpurport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s situation. The discussion applies only toholders that hold their securities as capital assets (generally property held for investment) within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based on the Code, income tax regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial positions, published positions of theInternal Revenue Service, or the IRS, and other applicable authorities, all as in effect as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly withretroactive effect. This discussion is general in nature and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations, nor does the discussion address any state, local orforeign tax considerations or any U.S. tax considerations (e.g., estate or gift tax) other than U.S. federal income tax considerations, that may be applicable toparticular holders.This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant in light of particular circumstances, nor does it address the U.S.federal income tax consequences to persons who are subject to special rules under U.S. federal income tax law, including:●banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions;●persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;●taxexempt organizations;●controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid United States federal incometax;●certain former citizens or longterm residents of the United States;●dealers in securities or currencies;●traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting for their securities holdings;●persons that own, or are deemed to own, more than five percent of our capital stock;●holders who acquired our stock as compensation or pursuant to the exercise of a stock option; or●persons who hold our shares as a position in a hedging transaction, “straddle,” or other risk reduction transaction.For purposes of this discussion, a U.S. holder is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (ii) acorporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States (or treated assuch under applicable U.S. tax laws), any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardlessof its source; or (iv) a trust if (a) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have theauthority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) it has a valid election in effect under applicable law and regulations to be treated as a U.S. person forU.S. federal income tax purposes. A nonU.S. holder is a holder that is neither a U.S. holder nor a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S.federal income tax purposes.In the case of a partnership or entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally willdepend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal incometax consequences to them of the merger or of the ownership and disposition of our shares.As a result of consummation of the Share Exchange, (i) we acquired substantially all the properties of KBS International, a U.S. corporation, and (ii) the formershareholders of KBS International held at least 80 percent of our common stock by reason of having held stock of KBS International. Accordingly, under Section7874 of the Code, we are treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as a U.S. corporation and, among other consequences, are subject to U.S. federal income tax on ourworldwide income. This discussion assumes that Section 7874 of the Code continues to apply to treat us as a U.S. corporation for all purposes under the Code. If,for some reason (e.g., future repeal of Section 7874 of the Code), we were no longer treated as a U.S. corporation under the Code, the U.S. federal income taxconsequences described herein could be materially and adversely affected.76Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. HoldersDistributionsIn the event that distributions are paid on our common stock, the gross amount of such distributions will be included in the gross income of the U.S. holder asdividend income on the date of receipt to the extent that the distribution is paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federalincome tax principles. Such dividends will be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Dividends received by noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, may be subject to reduced rates of taxation under current law. A U.S. holdermay be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed on dividends paid by us. However, the foreign tax credit rules arecomplex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 of the Code and the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and theGovernment of the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, or theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty, is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may be entitled to underthe foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.To the extent that dividends paid on our common stock exceed current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distributions will be treated first as a taxfree returnof tax basis on our common stock, and to the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds tax basis, the excess will be treated as gain from the disposition ofthose common stock. Because Section 7874 of the Code has applied to treat us as a U.S. corporation only since consummation of the Share Exchange in 2014, wemay not be able to demonstrate to the IRS the extent to which a distribution on our common stock exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (asdetermined under U.S. federal income tax principles), in which case all of such distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.Sale or Other DispositionU.S. holders of our common stock will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of common stock equal to the differencebetween the amount realized for the common stock and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the common stock. This gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss. Undercurrent law, noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, are eligible for reduced tax rates if the common stock has been held for more than one year. Thedeductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. A U.S. holder may be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed ongain from the sale or other disposition of common stock. However, the foreign tax credit rules are complex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 ofthe Code and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may beentitled to under the foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Unearned Income Medicare ContributionCertain U.S. holders who are individuals, trusts or estates are required to pay an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on, among other things, dividends on and capitalgains from the sale or other disposition of shares of stock. U.S. holders should consult their own advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this rule on their ownershipand disposition of our common stock.U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for NonU.S. HoldersDistributionsThe rules applicable to nonU.S. holders for determining the extent to which distributions on our common stock, if any, constitute dividends for U.S. federal incometax purposes are the same as for U.S. holders. See “–U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. Holders– Distributions.”77Table of ContentsAny dividends paid to a nonU.S. holder by us are treated as income derived from sources within the United States and generally will be subject to U.S. federalincome tax withholding at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends, or at a lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty if nonU.S. holdersprovide proper certification of eligibility for the lower rate (usually on IRS Form W8BEN or W8BENE). Dividends received by a nonU.S. holder that are effectivelyconnected with such holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business (and, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained bythe nonU.S. holder in the U.S.) are exempt from such withholding tax, provided that applicable certification requirements are satisfied. In such case, however, nonU.S. holders will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such dividends, net of certain deductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. In addition, corporatenonU.S. holders may be subject to an additional branch profits tax equal to 30% or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable tax treaty on dividendsreceived that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.If nonU.S. holders are eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, such nonU.S. holders may obtain a refund ofany excess amounts withheld by filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.Sale or Other DispositionExcept as described below for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, any gain realized by a nonU.S. holder upon the saleor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:criminal liability in serious cases.According to the PRC Product Quality Law, consumers or other victims who suffer injury or property losses due to product defects may demand compensation fromthe manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the corresponding amount from the manufacturer if the manufactureris responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Relating to Consumer ProtectionThe principal legal provisions for the protection of consumer interests are set forth in the Law of the PRC on Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests, or theConsumer Protection Law, which was promulgated in October 1993 amended in October 2013. The Consumer Protection Law sets forth standards of behavior thatbusinesses must observe in their dealings with consumers.Violations of the Consumer Protection Law may result in the imposition of fines. In addition, the violating entity may be ordered to suspend its operations, and itsbusiness license may be revoked. There may also be criminal liability in serious cases.According to the Consumer Protection Law, if the legal rights and interests of a consumer are violated during the purchase or use of goods, the consumer may seekcompensation from the seller. If the manufacturer or an upstream distributor is responsible, after compensating the consumer, the seller may recover thecorresponding amount from the manufacturer or the upstream distributor. Consumers or other persons who suffer personal injury or property damages due todefects in products may seek compensation from the manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the correspondingamount from the manufacturer if the manufacturer is responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Related to TrademarksThe PRC Trademark Law, adopted in 1982 and revised in 2001 and 2013, protects the proprietary rights to registered trademarks. The Trademark Office under theState Administration of Industry and Commerce handles trademark registration and grants a term of ten years to registered trademarks and another ten years totrademarks as requested upon expiry of the prior term. Trademark license agreements and transfer agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record.37Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Environmental MattersOur facilities are subject to various governmental regulations related to environmental protection. We use a myriad of chemicals in our operations and produceemissions that could pose environmental risks. Our manufacturing facilities are subject to various pollution control regulations with respect to noise, water and airpollution and the disposal of waste and hazardous materials, including, China’s Environmental Protection Law, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Appraisingof Environment Impacts, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of AirPollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution, and China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of NoisePollution. We are subject to periodic inspections by local environmental protection authorities.We did not incur material costs in environmental compliance in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016. We believe we are in material compliance with the relevant PRCenvironmental laws and regulations. We are not currently subject to any pending actions alleging any violations of applicable PRC environmental laws.Regulations Related to EmploymentThe PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law require that employers must execute written employment contracts with fulltime employees. All employers mustcompensate their employees with wages equal to at least the local minimum wage standards. Violations of the PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law may resultin the imposition of fines and other administrative sanctions, and serious violations may constitute criminal offences.On December 28, 2012, the PRC Labor Contract Law was amended with effect on July 1, 2013 to impose more stringent requirements on labor dispatch. Under suchlaw, dispatched workers are entitled to pay equal to that of fulltime employees for equal work, but the number of dispatched workers that an employer hires may notexceed a certain percentage of its total number of employees as determined by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Additionally, dispatchedworkers are only permitted to engage in temporary, auxiliary or substitute work. According to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch promulgated by theMinistry of Human Resources and Social Security on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014, the number of dispatched workers hired by anemployer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees (including both directly hired employees and dispatched workers). The Interim Provisions onLabor Dispatch require employers not in compliance with the PRC Labor Contract Law in this regard to reduce the number of its dispatched workers to below 10% ofthe total number of its employees prior to March 1, 2016.Enterprises in China are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in certain employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pensionplan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a workrelated injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund,and contribute to the plans or funds in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of the employees as specified by thelocal government from time to time at locations where they operate their businesses or where they are located. The enterprise may be ordered to pay the full amountwithin a deadline if it fails to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans and may be subject to fines and other administrative sanctions.Regulations Relating to Foreign ExchangeRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued by theState Administration of Foreign Exchange and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade andservice payments, payment of interest and dividends can be made without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange by following theappropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRCfor the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange or its local office.38Table of ContentsOn February 13, 2015, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency ManagementPolicy on Direct Investment, effective from June 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign directinvestment and overseas direct investment from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for thepurpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed with qualified banks, which, under the supervision of the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to this Circular, a foreigninvested enterprise may,according to its actual business needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchangebureau has confirmed monetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the timebeing, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shalltruthfully use its capital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equityinvestment with the amount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open acorresponding Account for Foreign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of theState Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts waspromulgated and became effective on June 9, 2016. According to this Circular, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreigncurrency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionary basis. This Circular provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items(including but not limited to foreign currency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. ThisCircular reiterates the principle that Renminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposesbeyond its business scope and may not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guaranteethe principal within the PRC unless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless itis within the business scope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration andOptimizing Genuineness and Compliance Verification, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits fromdomestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution,original copies of tax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses beforeremitting any profits. Moreover, pursuant to this Circular, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provideboard resolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and RoundtripInvestment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Issues Concerning the Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore SpecialPurpose Vehicles, to regulate foreign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investmentand financing or conduct round trip investment in China. Circular 37 defines a “special purpose vehicle” as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly orindirectly, by PRC residents or entities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets orinterests, while “round trip investment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through special purpose vehicles, namely, establishingforeigninvested enterprises to obtain the ownership, control rights and management rights. Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into a specialpurpose vehicle, PRC residents or entities be required to complete foreign exchange registration with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranch. In addition, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the ForeignExchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015, requiring PRC residents or entities toregister with qualified banks rather than the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.39Table of ContentsPRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to special purpose vehicles but had not obtained registration asrequired before the implementation of the Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the special purpose vehicles with qualified banks. Anamendment to the registration is required if there is a material change with respect to the special purpose vehicle registered, such as any change of basic information(including change of the PRC residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers ordivisions. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclosecontrollers of the foreigninvested enterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchangeactivities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, sharetransfer or liquidation, to its offshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities topenalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating toinvestments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our abilityto inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic IndividualsParticipating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issuedby the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in March 2007. Pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residentsparticipating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted company are required to register with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents must conduct the registration and other procedures withrespect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of the overseas publicly listed company or another qualifiedinstitution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevant registration should there be any material change to thestock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of the PRC residents who have the right to exercise the employeestock options, apply to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreign currencies in connectionwith the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the sale of shares under thestock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRC opened by the PRCagents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.We have adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we will have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We haveadvised the recipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.However, we cannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock IncentivePlan Notice. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plansmay subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016, respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014, respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our Marshall Islands holding company may rely on dividend paymentsfrom Hongri PRC, which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on theability of our other PRC subsidiaries to make remittance to Hongri PRC and on the ability of Hongri PRC to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cashgenerated by the operations of those entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We rely to a significant extent on dividends and otherdistributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiary to fund offshore cash and financing requirements.”40Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Overseas ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the StateOwned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective onSeptember 8, 2006 and was amended on June 22, 2009. These regulations, among other things, require that (i) PRC entities or individuals obtain approval from theMinistry of Commerce before they establish or control a special purpose vehicle overseas, provided that they intend to use the special purpose vehicle to acquiretheir equity interests in a PRC company at the consideration of newly issued share of the special purpose vehicle, or Share Swap, and list their equity interests in thePRC company overseas by listing the special purpose vehicle in an overseas market; (ii) the special purpose vehicle obtains approval from the Ministry ofCommerce before it acquires the equity interests held by the PRC entities or PRC individual in the PRC company by Share Swap; and (iii) the special purpose vehicleobtains China Securities Regulatory Commission approval before it lists overseas. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The approval ofthe China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with this offering under a PRC regulation. The regulation also establishes more complexprocedures for acquisitions conducted by foreign investors that could make it more difficult for us to grow through acquisitions.”Regulations Relating to TaxationDividend Withholding TaxIn March 2007, the National People’s Congress enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law which became effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on February 24,2017. According to Enterprise Income Tax Law, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a foreigninvested enterprise in China to its foreignenterprise investors are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that providesfor a preferential withholding arrangement. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Negotiated Reduction of Dividends and Interest Rates,issued on January 29, 2008 and supplemented and revised on February 29, 2008, and the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, which became effective onDecember 8, 2006 and applicable to income derived in any year of assessment commencing on or after April 1, 2007 in Hong Kong and in any year commencing on orafter January 1, 2007 in the PRC, such withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong enterprise is deemed the beneficial owner of any dividend paid by aPRC subsidiary by PRC tax authorities and holds at least 25% of the equity interest in that particular PRC subsidiary at all times within the 12month periodimmediately prior to the distribution of the dividends. Furthermore, pursuant to the Announcement on Issues concerning “Beneficial Owners” in Tax Treaties issuedon February 3, 2018 by the State Administration of Taxation, when determining the status of “beneficial owners,” a comprehensive analysis may be conductedthrough materials such as articles of association, financial statements, records of capital flows, minutes of board of directors, resolutions of board of directors,allocation of manpower and material resources, the relevant expenses, functions and risk assumption, loan contracts, royalty contracts or transfer contracts, patentregistration certificates and copyright certificates, etc. However, even if an applicant has the status as a “beneficiary owner,” if the competent tax authority findsnecessity to apply the principal purpose test clause in the tax treaties or the general antitax avoidance rules stipulated in domestic tax laws, the general antitaxavoidance provisions shall apply.Enterprise Income TaxIn December 2007, the State Council promulgated the Implementing Rules of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008. TheEnterprise Income Tax Law and its relevant implementing rules (i) impose a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate, which is applicable to both foreigninvestedenterprises and domestic enterprises (ii) permits companies to continue to enjoy their existing tax incentives, subject to certain transitional phaseout rules and(iii) introduces new tax incentives, subject to various qualification criteria.41Table of ContentsThe Enterprise Income Tax Law also provides that enterprises organized under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies”located within China may be considered PRC resident enterprises and therefore be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwideincome. The implementing rules further define the term “de facto management body” as the management body that exercises substantial and overall managementand control over the production and operations, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. If an enterprise organized under the laws of jurisdictionoutside China is considered a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, itwould be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. Second, a 10% withholding tax would be imposed on dividends itpays to its nonPRC enterprise shareholders and with respect to gains derived by its nonPRC enterprise shareholders from transfer of its shares.On October 17, 2017, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Bulletin on Issues Concerning the Withholding of NonPRC Resident Enterprise Income Tax atSource, or Bulletin 37, which replaced the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by NonPRC Resident Enterprisesissued by the State Administration of Taxation on December 10, 2009, and partially replaced and supplemented rules under the Bulletin on Issues of EnterpriseIncome Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by NonPRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7, issued by the State Administration of Taxation on February 3, 2015.Under Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by nonPRC resident enterprises may be recharacterizedand treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose ofavoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. In respect of anindirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the relevant gain is to be regarded as effectively connected with the PRC establishment and thereforeincluded in its enterprise income tax filing, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relatesto the immoveable properties in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not effectively connected to a PRC establishment of a nonresident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax at 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similararrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Pursuant to Bulletin 37, the withholding party shalldeclare and pay the withheld tax to the competent tax authority in the place where such withholding party is located within seven days from the date of occurrenceof the withholding obligation. Both Bulletin 37 and Bulletin 7 do not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange wheresuch shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We and our existingshareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a Chinese establishmentof a nonChinese company, or immovable properties located in China owned by nonChinese companies.”ValueAdded TaxIn November 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Pilot Plan for Imposition of ValueAdded Tax to ReplaceBusiness Tax. In March 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation further promulgated the Notice on Fully Promoting the Pilot Plan forReplacing Business Tax by ValueAdded Tax. Pursuant to this Pilot Plan and the relevant notice, value added tax at a rate of 6% is generally imposed, on anationwide basis, on the revenue generated from the provision of service in lieu of business tax in the modern service industries. Value added tax of a rate of 6%applies to revenue derived from the provision of some modern services. Unlike business tax, a taxpayer is allowed to offset the qualified input value added tax paidon taxable purchases against the output value added tax chargeable on the modern services provided.C.Organizational StructureSee “—A. History and Development of the Company—Corporate Structure” above for details of our current organizational structure.42Table of ContentsD.Property, Plants and EquipmentOur company has established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31,2018, this network was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, our company’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The facilityhas a production capacity of 2 million pieces per year and we move in upon the completion of phase 2 in year 2015. By relocating from the coastal area to AnhuiProvince, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a more stable labor supply. We manufacture a variety of menswear products, including, jeans,shirts, suits and socks. Because of its variety and complexity in the production process, these products require special sewing machines and workmanship, whichwe currently do not possess. As a result, the Company is not yet able to produce KBS branded products and has outsourced its KBS branded productmanufacturing to other established ODM and OEM manufacturers in the Fujian and Zhejiang regions. The Company has completed the second phase constructionof its new factory at the end of 2014. The second phase has an annual production capacity of 5 million pieces subject to our purchasing additional equipment.Currently Anhui factory mainly produces OEM orders and some international orders.Our production facility consists of total 110,557 square meters of land. We obtained a portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square metersand 2,440 square meters in May 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildingsand offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need foradditional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of landhas been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Oncethe construction of the new production facilities is completed, our total production capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year fromthe current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.In 2016, we closed 1 corporate store and as of December 31, 2018, we leased the premises for our sole remaining corporate store. We have undertaken variousmeasures to verify the lessees’ rights to the property leased to us in respect of its stores. In China, all land is owned by the State or other governmental bodies, and“ownership” is generally evidenced by a land use rights certificate. We rent some stores that were located in rural areas where land use rights are held collectivelyby villages and records regarding the ownership of land use rights are frequently not kept. In these cases, the company has confirmed our ability to lease the storesthrough communications with village authorities, and has reviewed electricity and water bills to confirm utilities are being paid by the parties leasing the premises tous. Based on the results of these efforts, we believe the risk of third party claims against our leases of these stores is relatively small and the measures taken by ourcompany are sufficient to verify the land use rights for all of its stores.In addition, the property used as our head office and corporate store is leased from a related party, whose ownership of the property has been verified by ourcompany. We paid a total of RMB720,000, RMB 720,000, and RMB 720,000, as rental fees for the existing corporate stores during the fiscal years 2016, 2017 and 2018,respectively. The total area of these 2 corporate stores is 158 square meters. The sales of each store and its location are shown below:AreaSales in fiscalyear 2016(USD)Sales in fiscalyear 2017(USD)Sales in fiscalyear2018(USD)Shishi factory1,240,354.74772,299691,431Quanzhou Dayang (closed in 2016)470,280.90Total:1,710,635.64772,299691,43143Table of ContentsITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot required.ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSWe are engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of casual menswear in China, including apparel and accessories, which we market under the KBSbrand. The KBS brand was developed in 2006. Before 2012, we were engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of fashion sportswear in China. Sinceour products feature a unique and stylish design that is more fashionable than traditional sportswear, as well as quality fabrics and materials and the sportswearmarket was becoming more and more competitive, in late 2011 we turned our focus on casual menswear market which has higher profit margin. KBS’s apparelproducts include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, Jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, belts and caps. In 2016, the suggestedretail prices of KBS’s products ranged from RMB199 to RMB1,499 for its apparel products and RMB15 to RMB899 for its accessory products. KBS holds newproducts launch events twice every year, one in spring and the other in autumn. Since 2006, we have launched about 1,500,536 collections of new products eachyear with a different theme to highlight the current trends for the season. KBS’s marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese.” KBS’scustomers are male middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range, primarily located in tier two and tier three cities in China. The company has adopted “KBS” as auniform brand name, which stands for “Keep Best Style”, and KBS are designed by us for a uniform look and feel that fits our brand image, with instore displaysthat accentuate the quality and style of our products across all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. We believe that the KBSbrand has become a recognized brand name in the cities where their products are sold.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors. Thenumber of stores grew significantly from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006 to 31 corporate stores as of December 31, 2012 and 96franchised stores as of December 31, 2013, and decreased to 84 stores as of December 31, 2014. Because of the recent softening of economic growing in China andfierce competition from our competitors, online store sales of franchised stores and corporate stores went down in 2015 as compared with the previous year. In 2017and 2018, the distributors closed 15 and 8 franchised stores, respectively, and we closed 1 corporate store in year 2016. We generate more revenues from OEM in2018 and intend to generate more in OEM and target area from acquisitions.KBS also acts as an original design manufacturer, or ODM, upon request. Income from such services accounted for 14%, 7.3% and 9% of revenue for the yearsended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, KBS’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The company believesthat the shortage of labor and rising wage expectations in China, especially in the coastal area, could have a material impact on our operations as well as itssuppliers’ cost of manufacturing. By relocating from the coastal area to inland Anhui Province, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a morestable labor supply. Since the company’s original production team was not ready to produce the new style KBS products, KBS has outsourced its productmanufacturing to other established ODM manufacturers. As such, KBS’s own production facility in Taihu mainly takes OEM orders from other sportswearcompanies, like Xtep. Our production facility in Taihu, Anhui Province includes three parcels of land with a total area of 110,557 square meters. We have obtainedland use rights for two parcels of land with an area of 9,845 square meters in 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction ofthe adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire theland use right of the third parcel of land. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 can be continued. Once completed, our totalproduction capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year. We do not necessarilyrely on our own production facility to satisfy the demand of our products as we may outsource some or all of the production work to various ODM and OEMmanufacturers in China.44Table of ContentsA.Principal Factors Affecting Financial PerformanceOur operating results are primarily affected by the following factors:●Growth of China’s menswear industry. With approximately onefifth of the world’s population and a fastgrowing gross domestic product, Chinarepresents a significant growth opportunity for a wide variety of retail goods, including apparel. The enhanced living standards and increased disposableincome that has resulted from the vibrant economic growth has driven the rapid development of the men’s apparel market in China in recent years. China iscurrently one of the world’s largest men’s apparel markets. As a leading provider of casual menswear in China, we believe we are well positioned tocapitalize on the favorable economic, demographic and industry trends in this sector.●Brand recognition. We derive all of our revenues from sales of the KBS branded products in China, and our success depends on the market perceptionand acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture, lifestyle and images associated with this brand. Market acceptance of our brand may affect the sellingprices and market demand for our products, the profit margin of us can achieve, and our ability to grow.●Ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network. The ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in terms of floor area in our salesnetwork affects our results of operations in a given period. The franchised stores operated by our distributors have been and will continue to be the maincontributor to our revenue for the foreseeable future. Under the distribution business model, we sell directly to our distributors and recognize revenuesupon delivery of our products to them. Such distribution network has enabled us to accelerate sales growth at a much lower cost than opening direct storesand has limited our inventory and sales risks. Corporate stores operated by us, on the other hand, despite incurring more significant capital expenditures ascompared with franchised stores, allow us more control over our brand and the consumer’s shopping experience, which are important factors for the overallsuccess of our business. In addition, our corporate store sales generally have a higher gross profit margin than sales to distributors because we are able tosell the products at retail prices directly to the endconsumers and because we recognize expenses relating to our corporate stores as selling anddistribution expenses. Therefore, the ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network will affect our gross profit margin.●Product offering and pricing. Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define menswear trends as well as to anticipate, gauge andreact to changing consumer demands for menswear in a timely manner. Most of our products are subject to changing consumer preferences and fashiontrends that cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumer acceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, andour future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes.●Fluctuations in raw material supply and prices. The per unit cost of producing our products depends on the supply and price of raw materials,particularly fabrics such as cotton, wool and polyester, which have experienced volatility in past years. Increases in the price of raw materials wouldnegatively impact our gross margins if we are not able to offset such price increases through increases in our selling price or changes in product offeringsand mix.Financial Statement PresentationRevenue. During the periods covered by this section, we generated revenue from sales of our menswear products.45Table of ContentsCost of sales. During the periods covered by this section, our cost of sales primarily consisted of the costs of our outsourcing cost, raw materials, labor andoverhead. We did not have any inward or outward freight charges as these charges are borne by our distributors and suppliers.Gross profit and gross margin. For the periods covered by this section, our gross profit is equal to the difference between our net sales and cost of sales. Our grossmargin is equal to the gross profit divided by net sales. Our gross margin may not be comparable to those of other retail entities since some retail entities include allof their distribution network costs in cost of sales and others, like us, include these expenses in another statement of operations line item.Administrative expenses. For the periods covered by this section, general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to ourgeneral management, finance and administrative staff, professional advisor fees, audit fees and other expenses incurred in connection with general operations.Selling expenses. For the periods covered by this section, our selling and marketing expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to our sales andmarketing staff, store rent, business travel, coordination with distributor marketing and promotions, transportation costs and other sales related costs.Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, both in U.S. dollars and as apercentage of or revenue.Year endedDecember 31, 2018Year ended December 31, 2017Year ended December 31, 2016Amount% of SalesAmount% of SalesAmount% of SalesRevenue18,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales20,851,252112%35,274,352148%39,041,93295%Gross (loss)/profit2,316,13712%11,511,81648%2,158,2725%Operating expensesDistribution and selling expenses2,670,95514%3,265,38014%3,606,0109%Administrative expenses4,907,02026%4,879,39721%3,543,9939%Total operating expenses7,577,97541%8,144,77634%7,150,00317%Other income122,1391%461,5642%555,0511%Other gains and losses13,522,30073%122,2441%11,123,76727%Loss from operations23,294,273126%19,317,27281%15,560,44738%Finance costs96,4441%96,3850%71,7830%Change in fair value of warrant liabilities00%00%3,4090%Loss before tax23,390,717126%19,413,65782%15,628,82138%Income tax5,422,11929%4,598,06119%3,726,1339%Loss for the year17,968,59897%14,815,59662%11,902,68829%46Table of ContentsA breakdown of revenue, percentage of revenue and percentage of gross margin by segment for the respective periods is as follows:BybusinessDistribution networkCorporate storesOEMConsolidatedYear endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Sales toexternalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205% of Sales73%63%78%13%29%13%14%7%9%100%100%100%Segmentsgrossmargins2,245,9442,277,8586,623,6175,402,99414,291,6805,727,349845,700502,0071,262,0052,316,13611,511,8162,158,273Grossmarginrate17%15%21%227%205%104%33%29%36%12%48%5%Segment salesFor the year ended December 31, 2018, total revenue decreased by 22% from $23.8 million in 2017 to $18.5 million. Our total revenue of 2017 decreased by 33% from$41.2 million to $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company reports financial and operating results in three segments: distributor network,corporate stores and OEM.Distributor Network —Revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2018 decreased by 10% from $15 million in 2017 to $13 million primarily due to adecrease in sales volume. There was a decrease of revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2017 by 53% from $32.1 million in year 2016 primarily dueto a decrease in sales volume. The distributor segment accounted for 73% of the total revenue in 2018, compared to 63% and 78% during years 2017 and 2016,respectively.In year 2018, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network increased to 17% from 15% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price of newproducts. The sales went down in year 2018 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstockduring previous periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.47Table of ContentsIn year 2017, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network decreased to 15% from 21% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price, and thesales went down in year 2017 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstock duringprevious periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.The Company’s distributor network currently consists of 11 distributors in 12 provinces. Most of these distributors, either directly or through their subdistributors,operate KBSbranded stores. Some wholesale distributors sold the products to multibranded stores and online stores. As of December 31, 2018, distributorsoperated a total of 32 KBSbranded stores, primarily in second and third tier cities. KBS products distributed to the fourth and fifth tier cities are primarily sold inmultibranded department stores.Corporate Stores — Total revenue from corporate store sale for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $6.98 million for year 2017. In 2018 sales fromcorporate store decreased as compared to 2017 due to a decrease in promotion sales of repurchased inventory from certain distributors which are unable to pay offthe debts owed to us.Total revenue from corporate store sales for fiscal year 2017 was $6.98 million, compared to $5.53 million for year 2016. In 2017 sales from corporate stores increasedas compared to 2016 due to an increase in sales volume, which in turn was mainly attributable to the increase in promotion sales on repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors which are unable to pay off the debts owed to us.As of December 31, 2018, we operated 1 corporate store which located in Fujian. Total revenue from corporate store sales of 2018 decreased as compared to 2017because of the decrease the promotion sales of repurchased inventory.The corporate store segment contributed 14% of total revenue in 2018, compared to 29% of 2017 and 13% of 2016. Gross profit margin for the Company’s corporatestore was 232% in 2018, compared to 205% in 2017 and 104% in 2016. The margin compression from 2016 to 2018 is primarily due to: 1) close of 1 corporate store in2016 and the sale of its inventory at a lower price; 2) reduction of sale price of our goods in corporate stores to stimulate sales; 3) loss from sales of repurchasedinventory from certain distributors which sold at big discounted price in year 2017 and year 2018.OEM — The OEM segment is comprised of products that are designed by the customers but manufactured by us. Revenue from the OEM segment increased by$0.83 million to $2.57 million for year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017. Gross profit margin increased to 33%from 29% of year 2017. Revenue from the OEM segment decreased by $1.79 million to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $3.53 million foryear ended December 31, 2016. Gross profit margin decreased to 29% from 36% of year 2016. Our revenues from sales of OEM represented 14%, 9% and 9%,respectively of our total revenues for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.Cost of sales and gross profit rateCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for production purpose,outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges and water and electricity.Our cost of sales decreased from $35 million in year 2017 to $21 million in year 2018. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017.The gross profit rate increased from 48% in year 2017 to 12% in year 2018 due to 1) a decrease in the number of promotion sales in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, whichcaused a loss at RMB 40 million; 2) the higher price of updated new products and improvement of products quality; 3) higher profit margin of OEM segments due tolower amortized fixed fees from big orders from certain customers. In order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continuedoperation, we decided to continue to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors in 2018 and thereafter.48Table of ContentsOur cost of sales decreased from $39 million in year 2016 to $35 million in year 2017. The decrease was consistent with the decrease in our revenue, which resulted ina decrease in purchases by $7 million. The decrease in purchases was mainly due to a challenging retail environment and close of some stores.The gross profit rate decreased from 5% in year 2016 to 48% in year 2017 due to 1) a decrease in the number of our franchised stores from 55 as of December 31,2016 to 40 as of December 31, 2017; 2) in order to make more fair and friendly business environment for our all distributors, we adjusted our price policy to havesame price to our district distributors and province distributors in 2017, the price sell to the district distributor is lower than before. 3) a slowdown in demand inmenswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and our distributors faceddifficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 141.42 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million. Although we are not contractually obligated to buy back the excessiveinventory from any our distributors, in order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continued operation, we decided to do same in2017 to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors and we may implement similar plans in the following years.Administrative expensesAdministrative expenses increased by $0.02 million or 1% to $4.9 million for year 2018 from $4.88 million for 2017. The change was mainly due to the decrease ofoutsourcing design expense and the increase of the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Administrative expenses increased by $1.34 million or 37% to $4.88 million for year 2017 from $3.54 million for 2016. The increase was mainly due to the increase indesign staff expenses and the increase attributable to the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Distribution and selling expensesThe selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.59 million or 18% to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $ 3.2 million in 2017, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expense, products promotion expenses and entertainment expenses.The selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.34 million or 9.45% to $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $ 3.6 million in 2016, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expenses and promotion expense of products including placement order meeting expense.The advertisement expenses of 2018, 2017 and 2016 are relatively even and selling expenses accounted for 6.6%, 7.5% and 9% for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Other gains and lossesOther gains and losses increased by $13.4 million, or 10,875%, to $13.52 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $0.12 million for year 2017. The increasewas mainly due to the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value.Other gains and losses decreased by $11 million, or 98.9%, to $0.12 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $11.1 million for year 2016. The decrease wasmainly due to the fact that there was no additional provision on bad debts from three clients as in 2016.Profit for the yearWe had a loss of $18 million in 2018 as compared to a loss of $14.81 million for 2017, representing a decrease of profit of $3 million or 21%. Net margin was 97% forthe year ended December 31, 2018, compared to 62% for the year ended December 31, 2017.49Table of ContentsWe had a loss of $14.81 million in 2017 as compared to a loss of $11.9 million for 2016, representing a decrease of profit of $2.91 million or 25%. Net margin was 62%for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 29% for the year ended December 31, 2016.Profit for the year decreased from 2018 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons:(1)the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value (2) thedistribution and selling expenses decreased to a small portion of total revenue and the revenue also decreased compared to year ended December 31, 2017; (3) aslowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brands, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling products and paying back the balance owed to us. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 40 million.Profit for the year decreased from 2016 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons: (1) the administrative expenses increased to a large portion of total revenue; and(2) slowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 141.42 millionfrom certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million.B.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesAs of December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $21,026,103. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and cash in the banks. Webelieve that our current levels of cash and cash equivalent and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next12 months. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through net cash flow from operations. Our cash flows are driven by key performance indicatorsincluding the number of orders placed by distributors, number of outlets that each distributor operates the pricing of our products, sales of our corporate stores, andthe collect portion of account receivable. Currently there is only minimal cash held by offshore subsidiaries and there is no need for these subsidiaries to transfercash to Hongri PRC.The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this report:Fiscal Year Ended December 31201820172016Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(3,703,354)$1,922,252$3,194,287Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities52,932(865,365)45,445Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(3,907,291)(39,024)4,919,241Effects of exchange rate change in cash(1,117,062)1,513,138(1,556,980)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080Cash and cash equivalent at end of the period$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,34150Table of ContentsOperating ActivitiesThe net cash provided by operating activities consists of profit before tax, as adjusted by finance costs, change in fair value of warrant liabilities, interest income,shared based compensation, bad debt allowance, depreciation of property, plant and equipment, amortization of prepaid lease payment and trademark, amortizationof subsidies prepaid to distributors, amortization of prepayment and premiums under operating leases, provision(Reversal) of inventory obsolescence, provision ofimpairment loss in prepayments, loss(gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment, deferred income tax, which include trade and other receivables, prepaymentand deferred expenses, inventory, trade and other payables.Net cash used in operating activities in fiscal year 2018 was $3.7 million, compared with net cash provided by operating activities of $1.9 million in the year endedDecember 31, 2017. The change is mainly due to the increase of provision of Anhui property and the increase of deferred tax due to the loss of fiscal year 2018.Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.9 million, compared with $3.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2016. The change is mainlydue to the decrease in the amount of collection of account receivable.Investing ActivitiesNet cash provided by investing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.05 million, compared with $0.8 million net cash used in investing activities in 2017. The net cashprovided in investing activities in 2018 was interest received from our bank deposits.Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $0.8 million, compared with $0.04 million net cash provided by investing activities in 2016. The net cashused in investing activities in 2017 was to purchase fire protection facility.Financing ActivitiesNet cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.26 million, compared with $1.1 million net cash used in financing activities in 2017. It mainly consistedof repayment of bank loans in 2018.Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.1 million, compared with $1.68 million net cash provided by financing activities in 2016. It mainlyconsisted of interests paid for our bank loans.Loans, Other Commitments, ContingenciesAs of December 31, 2018, we had bank loans in an amount of $1,092,785. We may, however, in the future, require additional cash resources due to changing businessconditions, implementation of our strategy to expand our business or other investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our own financial resources areinsufficient to satisfy the capital requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain additional credit facilities. The sale of additionalequity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require usto agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overallbusiness prospects.C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.Our industry is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and changing customer demands. These conditions require continuousexpenditures on product research and development to enhance existing products create new products and avoid product obsolescence. See Item 3 “Key Information—D. Risk Factors—If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected,” —“Ifwe are unable to keep pace with the rapid technological changes in our industry, demand for our products and services could decline which would adversely affectour revenue,” and —“Our technology may become obsolete which could materially adversely affect our ability to sell our products and services.” For a detailedanalysis of research and development costs, see Item 5.A. “Operating Results—Results of Operations—Research and development expenses”.D.Trend InformationOther than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that wouldcause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.E.Off Balance Sheet ArrangementsWe do not have any off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes infinancial condition, sales or expenses, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures, or capital resources that are material to an investment in our securities.51Table of ContentsF.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual ObligationsThe table below shows our material contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018.Payments Due by PeriodLess than1 year13 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsContractual ObligationsConstruction Obligations$64,088,236Operating Lease Obligations$78,532146,7052,225,030Total$64,166,768146,7052,225,030Anhui Factory Construction ContractOn November 20, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party for the construction of a new plant with a total size of 110,557 square meters, atTaihu City, Anhui at a consideration of RMB 690 million (equivalent to approximately $104 million). This is the frame contract for the construction of Anhui factoryand round estimation. By December 31, 2016 we had already paid about $37.75 million in total on the phase 1, 2, 3 of construction based on detailed phase contractand the balance of construction cost of the Anui factory need to be determined based on the ontime budget on every phase. The majority of funds for constructionexpenses came from the cash balance on the account as of December 31, 2018 and the new profit of following year.Anhui Land Use Right Acquisition ContractOn September 2, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party to acquire a land use right in relation to the development of factories in Taihu City,Anhui Province, at a total consideration of RMB 43 million (approximately $6.3 million). Full consideration was paid in September 2010. There are three parts of theland. The Company has obtained land use rights certificates for the first parcel of land with 7,405 square meters on March 19, 2012, and the second parcel of landwith 2,440 square meters on May 26, 2012. The Company is currently in the process of obtaining the land use right certificate for the third parcel of the land with100,712 square meters.Except as set forth above, we have no other material longterm debt, capital or operating lease or fixed purchase obligations.InflationInflation and changing prices have not had a material effect on our business, and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect ourbusiness in the foreseeable future. However, our management will closely monitor price changes in the Chinese economy and the apparel industry and continuallymaintain effective cost controls in operations.52Table of ContentsSeasonalityOur business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal. Historically, we have realized more of our revenue and earnings in the fourth quarter, which includes themajority of the holiday shopping season, than in any other fiscal quarter.Critical Accounting PoliciesThe preparation of financial statements is in conformity with IFRS as issued by the IASB. It requires the Company’s management to make assumptions, estimatesand judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. The Company hasidentified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of Company’s financial statements. These accounting policies are important for anunderstanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of theCompany’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to makeestimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitivebecause of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly frommanagement’s current judgments. The Company believes the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in thepreparation of the Company’s financial statements.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects the considerationto which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled in exchange fortransferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that asignificant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration issubsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to the customerfor more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would be reflected in a separatefinancing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financing component which provides theCompany a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interest expense accreted on the contract liabilityunder the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services is oneyear or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component, using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of the goods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receiptsover the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.53Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with thedividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. Revenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer. Revenue from allabove categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of thetransaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered and title has passed.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting the deductible inputVAT of the period, is VAT payable.54Table of ContentsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial periodof time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use orsale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal government retirementbenefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fund their retirementbenefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal government takes responsibility for theretirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly, the only obligation of the Groupwith respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employment with the Group. There are no provisionsunder the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans are considered defined contribution plans. The Grouphas no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixed contributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pensionschemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service is performed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised inother comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Groupoperates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable taxregulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred taxassets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which thosedeductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or fromthe initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accountingprofit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able to control thereversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising fromdeductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profitsagainst which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.55Table of ContentsThe carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficienttaxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based ontax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assetsreflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carryingamount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when thedeferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities wherethere is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, inwhich case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arisesfrom the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.Store preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll and supplies.The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenses when occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases areclassified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes. Leaseholdimprovements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes other thanconstruction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful lives and aftertaking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction in progressis carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment whencompleted and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for theirintended use.56Table of ContentsAn item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of theasset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) isincluded in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.The Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights to use theland on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizable valuerepresents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fair valuethrough profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model formanaging them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the practicalexpedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus in the case of a financialasset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group hasapplied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance with the policies set out for “Revenue recognition(applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cash flowsthat are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established by regulation orconvention in the marketplace.57Subsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognised inthe income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversals arerecognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair value changes arerecognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive income is recycled to theincome statement.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under HKAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. The classification isdetermined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statement when theright of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and the amount of the dividendcan be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains arerecorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income are not subject to impairmentassessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value throughprofit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for thepurpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading unless they aredesignated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interest are classified and measured atfair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to be classified at amortised cost or at fairvalue through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition ifdoing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.58Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in theincome statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separate derivative if theeconomic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet thedefinition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changesin fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cashflows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between thecontractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the originaleffective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to thecontractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are providedfor credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been asignificant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespectiveof the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. When making theassessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on thefinancial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort,including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider afinancial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full beforetaking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering thecontractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the general approach andthey are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach as detailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured at anamount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets and for whichthe loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the loss allowance ismeasured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs59Simplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of asignificant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not track changes incredit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on itshistorical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt the simplifiedapproach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed from theGroup’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to what extent, ithas retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset nortransferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Groupalso recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that theGroup has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and the maximumamount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’sfinancial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.Subsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method unless theeffect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement when the liabilities arederecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.60Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantiallymodified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference between therespective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right tooffset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to the contractualprovisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financialassets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.The Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. Theeffective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of theeffective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, where appropriate, a shorter period tothe net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.61Table of ContentsReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including trade and otherreceivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment (seeaccounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a resultof one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have been affected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequently assessed forimpairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience of collecting payments,and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national or local economic conditions thatcorrelate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between the asset’scarrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.The carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables, where thecarrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized in profit or loss. When atrade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off arecredited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment losseswas recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset at the date theimpairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.G.Safe HarborSee “Introductory Notes—ForwardLooking Information.”62Table of ContentsITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEESA.Directors and Senior ManagementThe following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors and senior management, as well as employees upon whose work we are dependent, as ofthe date of this annual report.NAMEAGEPOSITIONKeyan Yan47Chairman and Chief Executive OfficerThemis Kalapotharakos44Executive DirectorLixiaTu37Chief Financial Officer and DirectorJohn Sano49Independent DirectorMatthew C. Los54Independent DirectorZhongmin Zhang76Independent DirectorYuet Mei Chan38Independent DirectorMr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has been the Chairman of our board of directors and Chief Executive Officer since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr.Yan has over 16 years of senior management experience. He served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of KBS International between March 2011 and August2014. From 1994 to present, Mr. Yan has served as general manager of Hongri PRC. Prior to joining us, Mr. Yan served as workshop manager, production managerand marketing manager of Zhenshi Knitting Factory in Shishi, China from 19891994. Mr. Yan obtained a certificate of corporate management from Xiamen Universityin 1992.Ms. Lixia Tu. Ms. Tu became the Company’s Chief Financial Officer on June 25, 2015. Ms. Tu has more than night years of accounting and audit experience, familiarwith IFRS, US GAAP, SarbanesOxley and the compliance requirements of SEC. After she worked as a project manager at BDO China Fu Jian SHU LUN PANCertified Public Accountants for four years, she worked as a CFO or a financial consultant for some other companies. Ms. Tu holds a Master’s degree inprofessional accounting from the University of Deakin in Australia. Ms. Tu is also a member of the Chartered Association of Certified Accountants.Mr. Themis Kalapotharakos. Mr. Kalapotharakos became our executive director on June 15, 2015. Mr. Kalapotharakos has acquired a range of expertise of a widespectrum of business activities. He has extensive highlevel experience at the Shipping, Trading and Finance industries where he has founded, developed andoperated various businesses starting from the ground up. His roles involved regular communication and coordination with investors, financial institutions, capitalmarket authorities, custodian and administrative banks, auditors and legal counsel. He holds a Bachelor’s degree from Cardiff University and an MSc Degree fromCass Business School in the UK.John Sano. Mr. Sano has been an independent director of the Company since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr. Sano has over 20 years ofexperience in apparel & home furnishings concept, design, sourcing, production, and ecommerce. He has extensive experience in all aspects of the retail clothingsupply chain, from conceptualization to final production and distribution. Mr. Sano has also advised and worked closely with numerous top brands in the US. Hehas been General Director of Sano Design Services since 2002. Mr. Sano has an associate’s degree in interior design from Traphagen School of Design.Mr. Matthew C. Los. Mr. Los became our director on October 8, 2015. Mr. Los has acquired a range of expertise of a wide spectrum of business activities. He hasover 20 years’ experience at high level management, and has founded, developed and operated various businesses in the shipping, energy, telecommunications realestate industries starting from the ground up. He also has experience in the capital markets and was the CEO of Aquasition Corp., the predecessor of the Company,prior to the Share Exchange. Mr. Los has a BSc in Mechanical Engineering and Computer Aided Design from University of Westminster in the UK.Mr. Zhongmin Zhang. Mr. Zhang became our director on July 10, 2017. He has over 45 years of extensive experience in many facets of textile business, including inproduction, marketing, and management. Currently, Mr. Zhang is the president of Zhengzhou Guangda Textile Printing & Dyeing Co., Ltd. which has an annualproduction of 216 million meters of various textile products, with a value of RMB 800 million. Holding a title of Senior Engineer, Mr. Zhang graduated from HarbinInstitute of Technology in 1965. He also has certificates in finance management and civil law.Mr. Yuet Mei Chan. Ms. Chan became our director on July 10, 2017. She has over 15 years of experience in the banking industry. She held several senior positions ina prestigious bank in Hong Kong from 20012016. She is currently a financial consultant at AIA and specializes in analyzing financial situations and market trends.Ms. Chan holds a diploma in Computing and Business Studies from Hong Kong St. Perth College.No family relationship exists between any of the persons named above.63Table of ContentsB.CompensationIn 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $207,268 in cash as compensation to our directors and senior management as a group, and some of our directors andexecutive officers also received compensation in the form of annual salaries and bonuses. We do not set aside or accrue any amounts for pension, retirement orother benefits for our directors and senior management. However, we reimburse our directors for outofpocket expenses incurred in connection with their services insuch capacity.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to our executive officers and directors as compensations for theirservices. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to the Company’s executiveofficers, directors and certain employees as compensations for their service. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.2018 Equity Incentive PlanOn December 24, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2018 Plan, pursuant to which the Company may offerup to two million shares of common stock as equity incentives to its directors, employees and consultants. Such number of shares is subject to adjustment in theevent of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, stock splits, stock dividends, or other change in the corporate structure of the Companyaffecting the shares issuable under the 2018 Plan. As of December 31, 2018, we have not granted any equity awards under the 2018 Plan.The following paragraphs summarize the terms of our 2018 Plan:Purpose. The purposes of the 2018 Plan are to promote the longterm growth and profitability of the Company and its affiliates by stimulating the efforts ofemployees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates who are selected to be participants, aligning the longterm interests of participants with thoseof shareholders, heightening the desire of participants to continue in working toward and contributing to our success, attracting and retaining the best availablepersonnel for positions of substantial responsibility, and generally providing additional incentive for them to promote the success of our business through the grantof awards of or pertaining to our common stock. The 2018 Plan permits the grant of ISOs, NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share AppreciationRights, Performance Units and Performance Shares as the administrator of the 2018 Plan may determine.Administration. The 2018 Plan is administered by our Board. The administrator has the authority to determine the specific terms and conditions of all awards grantedunder the 2018 Plan, including, without limitation, the number of shares of common stock subject to each award, the price to be paid for the shares and the applicablevesting criteria. The administrator has discretion to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2018 Plan.Eligibility. NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share Appreciation Rights, Performance Units and Performance Shares may be granted to employees,directors or consultants either alone or in combination with any other awards. ISOs may be granted only to employees of the Company, and of any parent orsubsidiary.Shares Available for Issuance Under the 2018 Plan. Subject to adjustment as described below, (a) the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issuedunder the 2018 Plan is 2,000,000 shares of common stock, (b) to the extent consistent with Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the“Code”), not more than an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of common stock may be issued under ISOs, and (c) not more than 200,000 shares of common stock (or forawards denominated in cash, the Fair Market Value of 200,000 shares of common stock on the Grant Date, as defined in the 2018 Plan), may be awarded to anyindividual participant in the aggregate in any one fiscal year of the Company, such limitation to be applied in a manner consistent with the requirements of, and onlyto the extent required for compliance with, the exclusion from the limitation on deductibility of compensation under Code Section 162(m). The number and class ofshares available under the 2018 Plan are subject to adjustment in the event of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, share splits, sharedividends, or other similar events which change the number or kind of shares outstanding.64Table of ContentsTransferability. Unless otherwise provided in the 2018 Plan or otherwise determined by the administrator, an award may not be sold, pledged, assigned,hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution and may be exercised, during the lifetime of theparticipant, only by the participant. However, the administrator may, at or after the grant of an award other than an ISO, provide that such award may be transferredby the recipient to a “family member” (as defined in the 2018 Plan); provided, however, that any such transfer is without payment of any consideration whatsoeverand that no transfer shall be valid unless first approved by the administrator, acting in its sole discretion, and as required by our Amended and Restated Articles ofIncorporation. If the administrator makes an award transferable, such award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the administrator deemsappropriate.Termination of, or Amendments to, the 2018 Plan. The Board may at any time amend, alter, suspend or terminate the 2018 Plan, provided that the Company willobtain shareholder approval of any 2018 Plan amendment to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with applicable Laws. No amendment, alteration,suspension or termination of the 2018 Plan will impair the rights of any participant, unless mutually agreed otherwise between the participant and the administrator,which agreement must be in writing and signed by the participant and the Company. Termination of the 2018 Plan will not affect the administrator’s ability to exercisethe powers granted to it hereunder with respect to awards granted prior to the date of such termination.The 2018 Plan will terminate five years following the date it was adopted by the Board, unless sooner terminated by the Board.Employment AgreementsPlease refer to Item 10 “Additional Information—C. Material Contracts.”C.Board PracticesOur board of directors currently consists of seven members, Keyan Yan, Lixia Tu, John Sano, Themis Kalapotharakos, Matthew C. Los, Yuet Mei Chan andZhongmin Zhang.The Board has established the Audit Committee, which is comprised entirely of independent directors. From time to time, the Board may establish other committees.Audit CommitteeOur Audit Committee is currently composed of three members: Yuet Mei Chan, John Sano and Matthew C. Los. Our Board of Directors determined that each memberof the Audit Committee meets the independence criteria prescribed by applicable regulation and the rules of the SEC for audit committee membership. Each AuditCommittee member also meets NASDAQ’s financial literacy requirements. Matthew C. Los serves as Chair of the Audit Committee.Our Board of Directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is the “audit committee financial expert” as such term is defined in Item 407(d) of Regulation SKpromulgated by the SEC and also meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements.The Audit Committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our Company. The Audit Committee isresponsible for, among other things:●the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the independent auditor;●reviewing and preapproving all auditing services and permissible nonaudit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed by theindependent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed relatedparty transactions;●discussing the interim and annual financial statements with management and our independent auditors;●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor (a) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls, (b) theCompany’s internal audit procedures, and (c) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, and managementreports thereon;65Table of Contents●reviewing reported violations of the Company’s code of conduct and business ethics; and●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor various topics and events that may have significant financial impact on theCompany or that are the subject of discussions between management and the independent auditors.D.EmployeesAs of December 31, 2018, we employed 370 fulltime employees. The following table sets forth the number of our fulltime employees by function. FunctionNumber ofEmployeesManagement and Administration28Marketing, Sales and Distribution18Design and Product Development20Production281Procurement, Warehousing and Logistics19Quality and Assurance7TOTAL370We believe that we have maintained a satisfactory working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any significant labor disputes or anydifficulty in recruiting staff for company’s operations. None of company’s employees is represented by a labor union.Our employees in China participate in a state pension plan organized by Chinese municipal and provincial governments. The company is required to make monthlycontributions to the plan for each employee at the rate of 23% of his or her average assessable salary. In addition, the company is required by Chinese law to coveremployees in China with various types of social insurance. The company believes that it is in material compliance with the relevant PRC laws.E.Share OwnershipThe following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of each class of our voting securities as of April 26, 2019 (i) by each person who is knownby us to beneficially own more than 5% of our voting securities; (ii) by each of our officers and directors; and (iii) by all of our officers and directors as a group.NameOffice, If AnyTitle of ClassAmount andNature ofBeneficialOwnership(1)Percent ofClass(2)Officers and DirectorsKeyan Yan(3)Chairman, CEO and PresidentCommon Stock964,32037.21%Lixia TuChief Financial Officer and DirectorCommon Stock60,0002.32%Themis KalapotharakosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%John SanoDirectorCommon Stock5,0000.19%Matthew C. LosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%Zhongmin ZhangDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%Yuet Mei ChanDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%All officers and directors as a group (7 personsnamed above)1,129,32043.58%5% Security HoldersKeyan Yan (3)Common Stock964,32037.21%Alliance Investment Management Limited(4)Common Stock195,488(4)7.54%*Less than 1%(1)Beneficial Ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Eachof the beneficial owners listed above has direct ownership of and sole voting power and investment power with respect to our common stock.66Table of Contents(2)As of April 26, 2019, a total of 2,591,299 shares of commons stock are considered to be outstanding pursuant to SEC Rule 13d3(d)(1). For each Beneficial Ownerabove, any securities that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days have been included in the denominator.(3)Includes 20,000 shares of common stock owned by Bizhen Chen, Mr. Yan’s wife.(4)Based solely on Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on August 8, 2018, in which Alliance Investment Management reported it has sole voting and dispositivepower with respect to 195,488 shares of our common stock. The address of the reporting person is 7 Belmont Road, Kingston, Jamaica.None of our existing shareholders has voting rights that differ from the voting rights of other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at asubsequent date, result in our change in control.ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSA.Major ShareholdersPlease refer to Item 6 “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.”B.Related Party TransactionsFrom time to time, KBS and its subsidiaries borrowed money from our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Keyan Yan, to pay for Company expenses. Theseamounts are interestfree, unsecured and repayable on demand. In years 2017 and 2016, Mr. Yan paid all the Company expenses in connection with the Company’sNasdaq continued listing and SEC reporting out of his pocket. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of these amounts we borrowed from Mr. Yan was$485,302 and $35,483, respectively.C.Interests of Experts and CounselNot applicable.ITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATIONA.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial InformationFinancial StatementsWe have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this report. See Item 18 “Financial Statements.”Legal Proceedings We may be subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our business from time to time. We are currently not party to anylegal or arbitration proceedings, including those relating to bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings and those involving any third party, which may have, orhave had in the recent past, significant effects on our financial position or profitability.Dividend PolicyTo date, we have not paid any cash dividends on our shares. As a Marshall Islands company, we may only declare and pay dividends except when the corporationis insolvent or would thereby be made insolvent or when the declaration or payment would be contrary to any restrictions contained in our Articles ofIncorporation. Dividends may be declared and paid out of surplus only; but in case there is no surplus, dividends may be declared or paid out of the net profits forthe fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and for the preceding fiscal year. We currently anticipate that we will retain any available funds to finance thegrowth and operation of our business and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our cash held in foreign countriesmay be subject to certain control limitations or repatriation requirements, limiting our ability to use this cash to pay dividends.67Table of ContentsB.Significant ChangesNo significant change has occurred since the date of our consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTINGA.Offer and Listing DetailsOur common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market and trade under the symbol “KBSF.” Between January 23, 2013 and November 3, 2014, our commonstock was traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “AQU.” Our Warrants and Units are quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “KBSFW”and “KBSFU”, respectively. Prior to November 3, 2014, our Warrants and Units were quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “AQUUF” and “AQUUU”,respectively. Before their quotation on the OTC Markets, our Units commenced to trade on the Nasdaq Stock Market on October 26, 2012 and our Warrantscommenced to trade separately from its Units on January 23, 2013.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.Approximate Number of Holders of Our SecuritiesOn April 26, 2019, there was 1 holder of record of our Units, 359 shareholders of record of our common stock and 1 holder of record of our Warrants. Certain of oursecurities are held in nominee or street name so the actual number of beneficial owners of our securities is greater than the number of record holders set forth above.B.Plan of DistributionNot applicable.C.MarketsSee our disclosures above under “A. Offer and Listing Details.”D.Selling ShareholdersNot applicable. E.DilutionNot applicable.F.Expenses of the IssueNot applicable.68Table of ContentsITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONA.Share CapitalOur Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation authorize the Company to issue up to 155,000,000 shares with a par value of $0.0001, consisting of 150,000,000shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of date of this report, there are 2,591,299 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Wehave never issued any preferred stock.●As of date of this report, we have 717 IPO Units outstanding.●As of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding (including 369,302 IPO Warrants and 24,534 Placement Warrants), each warrant entitles theholder to purchase one share of common stock at a purchase price of $172.5.B.Memorandum and Articles of AssociationThe following represents a summary of certain key provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. The summary does not purport to be a summary of allof the provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. For more complete information you should read our amended and restated articles ofincorporation and bylaws, each listed as an exhibit to this report.We were incorporated in the Marshall Islands on January 26, 2012 under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BCA”). The purpose of the Company isto engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may now or hereafter be organized under the BCA. Our amended and restated articles of incorporationand bylaws do not impose any limitations on the ownership rights of our stockholders.Description of Common StockEach outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Upon our dissolution, liquidation orwinding up of the affairs of the Company, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidationpreferences, if any, the holders or our common stock will be entitled to receive pro rata our remaining assets available for distribution. Holders of common stock donot have conversion, redemption or preemptive rights to subscribe to any of our securities.Blank Check Preferred Stock.Our Board of Directors is authorized, without any further vote or action by our stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in different classesand series and, with respect to each class or series, to determine the designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights,conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the powers and rights associated with the common stock,at such times and on such other terms as they think proper. Our Board of Directors may issue shares of preferred stock on terms calculated to discourage, delay orprevent a change of control of our company or the removal of our management.WarrantsAs of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding, among which 369,302 warrants were issued to the public in our IPO (the “IPO Warrants”). Each ofthe IPO Warrants entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.5 expiring on July 31, 2019, provided that there is an effectiveregistration statement covering the shares of common stock underlying the IPO Warrants.69Table of ContentsThe Company may redeem the IPO Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon 30 days’ notice, after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, only inthe event that the last sale price of the shares of common stock is at least $17.50 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30trading day period (“30Day TradingPeriod”) ending three business days prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is a current registration statement in effect with respectto the shares of common stock underlying such IPO Warrants throughout the 30day redemption period. The Company is only required to use its best efforts tomaintain the effectiveness of the registration statement covering the underlying common stock of the IPO Warrants. There are no contractual penalties for failure todeliver securities if a registration statement is not effective at the time of exercise. Additionally, in the event that a registration statement is not effective at the time ofexercise, the holder of such warrant shall not be entitled to exercise such warrant for cash and in no event (whether in the case of a registration statement not beingeffective or otherwise) will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrant exercise.In addition, Aqua Investments Corp., an entity controlled by certain founding shareholders of the Company, acquired 24,534 warrants, each entitles the holder topurchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50, expiring on July 31, 2019 (the “Placement Warrants”). The Placement Warrants are identical to the IPOWarrants except that the Placement Warrants (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis; (ii) will not be redeemable by the Company and (ii) may beexercised even if there is not an effective registration statement relating to the shares underlying the warrants, so long as they are held by the initial purchaser orany of its permitted transferees.As of date of this report, we also have 717 IPO Units outstanding and publicly trading, each including one IPO Warrant and one share of our common stock.DirectorsThe business and affairs of the Company are managed by or under the direction of our Board of Directors.Our directors are elected by the holders of the shares representing a majority of the total voting power of the thenoutstanding capital stock of the Company entitledto vote generally in the election of directors (“Voting Stock”). Our amended and restated articles of incorporation provide that cumulative voting shall not be used toelect directors. Each director will be elected to serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his/her successor shall have been duly elected andqualified, except in the event of his/her death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of his/her term of office.Any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of thetotal voting power of the Voting Stock entitled to vote thereon or with cause by directors constituting at least twothirds of the entire Board.Vacancies in the Board of Directors occurring by death, resignation, the creation of new directorships, the failure of the shareholders to elect the whole board at anyannual election of directors, or, except as herein provided, for any other reason, including removal of directors for cause, may be filled either by the affirmative voteof a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, at any special meeting called for that purpose or at any regular meeting of theBoard. Vacancies occurring by removal of directors without cause may be filled only by vote of the shareholders.Shareholder MeetingsAnnual stockholder meetings will be held at a time and place selected by our board of directors. The meetings may be held in or outside of the Marshall Islands.Under our amended and restated articles of incorporation, special meetings may be called by the board of directors, or by the secretary of the Company requestedby stockholders representing certain amount of voting power. Our board of directors shall give not less than 15 days and not more than 60 days prior written noticeof a shareholders’ meeting to each shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat and to each shareholder of record who, by reason of any action proposed at suchmeeting would be entitled to have his/her shares appraised if such action were taken, and the notice shall include a statement of that purpose and to that effect.Our bylaws provide that a meeting of shareholders is duly constituted if, at the commencement of the meeting, there are shareholders present in person or by proxyrepresenting not less than a majority of the votes of the shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on resolutions of shareholders to be considered at themeeting.70Table of ContentsIf a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of stock represented at the meeting will be the act of the shareholders. At any meeting ofshareholders, each shareholder entitled to vote any shares on any manner to be voted upon at such meeting shall be entitled to one vote on such matter for eachsuch share. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the action so taken, issigned by all the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof.Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal and Payment.Under the BCA, our stockholders have the right to dissent from various corporate actions, including any merger or sale of all or substantially all of our assets notmade in the usual course of our business, and receive payment of the fair value of their shares. However, the right of a dissenting stockholder to receive payment ofthe fair value of his or her shares shall not be available for any shares of stock of the constituent corporation surviving a merger if the merger did not require for itsapproval the vote of the stockholders of the surviving corporation. In the event of any further amendment of our articles of incorporation, a stockholder also has theright to dissent and receive payment for his or her shares if the amendment alters certain rights in respect of those shares. The dissenting stockholder must followthe procedures set forth in the BCA to receive payment. In the event that we and any dissenting stockholder fail to agree on a price for the shares, the BCAprocedures involve, among other things, the institution of proceedings in the circuit court in the judicial circuit in the Marshall Islands in which our Marshall Islandsoffice is situated. The value of the shares of the dissenting stockholder is fixed by the court after reference, if the court so elects, to the recommendations of a courtappointed appraiser.Stockholders’ Derivative ActionsUnder the BCA, any of our stockholders may bring an action in our name to procure a judgment in our favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that thestockholder bringing the action is a holder of common stock both at the time the derivative action is commenced and at the time of the transaction to which theaction relates.Indemnification of Officers and DirectorsThe BCA authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors and officers to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages forbreaches of directors’ fiduciary duties. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation include a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors formonetary damages for actions taken as a director to the fullest extent permitted by law. We must indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorizedby law. We are also expressly authorized to advance certain expenses (including attorneys’ fees and disbursements and court costs) to our directors and offices andcarry directors’ and officers’ insurance providing indemnification for our directors, officers and certain employees for some liabilities.The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws may discourage stockholders frombringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigationagainst directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. In addition, your investment may beadversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.C.Material ContractsWe have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in Item 4 “Information on theCompany,” Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations,” Item 7 “Major Shareholders and RelatedParty Transactions,” or filed (or incorporated by reference) as exhibits to this annual report or otherwise described or referenced in this annual report.D.Exchange ControlsMarshall Islands Exchange ControlsUnder Marshall Islands law, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect theremittance of dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our shares.71Table of ContentsBVI Exchange ControlsThere are no material exchange controls restrictions on payment of dividends, interest or other payments to the holders of our common stock or on the conduct ofour operations in the BVI, where we were incorporated. There are no material BVI laws that impose any material exchange controls on us or that affect the paymentof dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our common stock. BVI law and our memorandum and articles of association do not impose anymaterial limitations on the right of nonresidents or foreign owners to hold or vote our common stock.PRC Exchange ControlsRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued bySAFE and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade and service payments, payment ofinterest and dividends can be made without prior approval from SAFE by following the appropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMBinto foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRC for the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments,loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from SAFE or its local office.On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency Management Policy on Direct Investment, effective fromJune 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investmentfrom SAFE. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for the purpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed withqualified banks, which, under the supervision of SAFE, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise, or SAFE Circular 19,was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to SAFE Circular 19, a foreigninvested enterprise may, according to its actualbusiness needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchange bureau has confirmedmonetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the time being, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shall truthfully use itscapital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equity investment with theamount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open a corresponding Account forForeign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming andRegulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or SAFE Circular 16, was promulgated and became effective on June 9,2016. According to SAFE Circular 16, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreign currency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionarybasis. SAFE Circular 16 provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items (including but not limited to foreigncurrency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. SAFE Circular 16 reiterates the principle thatRenminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope andmay not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guarantee the principal within the PRCunless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless it is within the businessscope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Optimizing Genuineness and ComplianceVerification, or SAFE Circular 3, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits from domestic entities tooffshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution, original copies oftax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses before remitting any profits.Moreover, pursuant to SAFE Circular 3, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provide boardresolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.72Table of ContentsRegulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsSAFE issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special PurposeVehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issues Concerning theRegulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles, to regulateforeign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investment and financing orconduct round trip investment in China. SAFE Circular 37 defines a SPV as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly or indirectly, by PRC residents orentities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets or interests, while “round tripinvestment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through SPVs, namely, establishing foreigninvested enterprises to obtain theownership, control rights and management rights. SAFE Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into an SPV, PRC residents or entities be required tocomplete foreign exchange registration with SAFE or its local branch. In addition, SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving theAdministration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended SAFE Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015,requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.PRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to SPVs but had not obtained registration as required before theimplementation of the SAFE Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the SPVs with qualified banks. An amendment to the registration isrequired if there is a material change with respect to the SPV registered, such as any change of basic information (including change of the PRC residents, name andoperation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers or divisions. Failure to comply with the registrationprocedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclose controllers of the foreigninvestedenterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to itsoffshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities to penalties under PRC foreignexchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companiesby PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRCsubsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansSAFE promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan ofOverseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issued by SAFE in March 2007. Pursuant tothe Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residents participating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted companyare required to register with SAFE or its local branches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents mustconduct the SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of theoverseas publicly listed company or another qualified institution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevantSAFE registration should there be any material change to the stock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of thePRC residents who have the right to exercise the employee stock options, apply to SAFE or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreigncurrencies in connection with the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the saleof shares under the stock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRCopened by the PRC agents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.73Table of ContentsWe adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We have advised therecipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice. However, wecannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subjectthe PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016 respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014 respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our BVI holding company may rely on dividend payments from IST,which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on the ability of ourconsolidated VIEs to make remittance to IST and on the ability of IST to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations ofthose entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends andother distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you,and otherwise fund and conduct our business”E.TaxationThe following is a general summary of the material Marshall Islands, Hong Kong, BVI, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to an investmentin our units, shares of common stock and warrants to acquire our shares of common stock, sometimes referred to collectively in this summary as our “securities”.The discussion is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal or tax advice to any particular prospective purchaser. The discussion is based on lawsand relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change or different interpretations, possibly withretroactive effect. The discussion does not address United States state or local tax laws, or tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Marshall Islands, Hong Kong,the BVI, the PRC and the United States. We recommend that you consult your own tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquisition, ownership anddisposition of our securities.Marshall Islands TaxationThe following are the material Marshall Islands tax consequences of our activities to us and to our stockholders and warrant holders of investing in our CommonStock and warrants. Under current Marshall Islands law, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains, and no Marshall Islands withholding tax or income taxwill be imposed upon payments of dividends by us to our stockholders or proceeds from the disposition of our common stock and warrants, provided suchstockholders or warrant holders, as the case may be, are not residents in the Marshall Islands. There is no tax treaty between the United States and the Republic ofthe Marshall Islands.BVI TaxationThe BVI does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid to us by our BVI subsidiary, nor does the BVI levy any capital gains or income taxes on us or our BVIsubsidiary. However, our BVI subsidiary is required to pay the BVI government an annual license fee based on the number of shares it is authorized to issue.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the BVI.74Table of ContentsHong Kong TaxationOur Hong Kong subsidiaries, under the current laws of Hong Kong, are subject to profits tax of 16.5%. No provision for Hong Kong profits tax has been made asour Hong Kong subsidiaries have no taxable income.PRC TaxationWe are a holding company incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which indirectly holds our equity interests in our PRC operating subsidiaries. The EIT Law and itsimplementation rules, both of which became effective as of January 1, 2008, provide that a PRC enterprise is subject to a standard income tax rate of 25% and Chinasourced income of foreign enterprises, such as dividends paid by a PRC subsidiary to its overseas parent, will normally be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of10%, unless there are applicable treaties between the overseas parent’s jurisdiction of incorporation and China to reduce such rate.Under the Arrangement between the Mainland and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention ofFiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, or the Double Taxation Arrangement, effective as of January 1, 2007, such dividend withholding tax rate is reducedto 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns over 25% of the PRC company distributing the dividends. Under the aforesaid arrangement, any dividends that ourPRC operating subsidiaries pay to their Hong Kong holding companies may be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 5% if they are not considered to be a PRC“resident enterprise” as described below. However, if the Hong Kong holdings companies are not considered to be the “beneficial owner” of such dividends underthe Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties promulgated by the State Administration of Taxation on October 27,2009 (and not a PRC “resident enterprise”), such dividends would be subject to the withholding tax rate of 10%. The withholding tax rate of 5% or 10% applicablewill have a significant impact on the amount of dividends to be received by us and ultimately by shareholders.According to the Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties, the term “beneficial owner” refers to a person who hasthe right to own and dispose of the income and the rights or properties generated from the said income. The “beneficial owner” may be an individual, a company orany other organization which is usually engaged in substantial business operations. A conduit company is not a “beneficial owner.” The term “conduit company”refers to a company which is usually established for purposes of dodging or reducing taxes, and transferring or accumulating profits. Such a company is onlyregistered in the country of domicile to satisfy the organizational form as required by law, but it does not engage in such substantial business operations asmanufacturing, distribution and management. As our Hong Kong holding companies are controlling companies and are not engaged in substantial businessoperations, they could be considered as conduit companies by tax authorities and we do not expect them to be a beneficial owner.In addition to the changes to the current tax structure, under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto management bodies” withinChina is considered a resident enterprise and will normally be subject to an EIT of 25% on its global income. The implementing rules define the term “de factomanagement bodies” as “an establishment that exercises, in substance, overall management and control over the production, business, personnel, accounting, etc.,of a Chinese enterprise.”It remains unclear whether the PRC tax authorities would require or permit our overseas registered entities to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. We do notcurrently consider our company to be a PRC resident enterprise. However, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterpriseincome tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on ourworldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on offering proceedsand nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although under the EIT Law and its implementing rulesdividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued guidance with respect to the processing ofoutbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidance issuedwith respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation in which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to our nonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC shareholders from transferring our shares.75Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income TaxationThe following is a discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our securities. It does notpurport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s situation. The discussion applies only toholders that hold their securities as capital assets (generally property held for investment) within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based on the Code, income tax regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial positions, published positions of theInternal Revenue Service, or the IRS, and other applicable authorities, all as in effect as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly withretroactive effect. This discussion is general in nature and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations, nor does the discussion address any state, local orforeign tax considerations or any U.S. tax considerations (e.g., estate or gift tax) other than U.S. federal income tax considerations, that may be applicable toparticular holders.This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant in light of particular circumstances, nor does it address the U.S.federal income tax consequences to persons who are subject to special rules under U.S. federal income tax law, including:●banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions;●persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;●taxexempt organizations;●controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid United States federal incometax;●certain former citizens or longterm residents of the United States;●dealers in securities or currencies;●traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting for their securities holdings;●persons that own, or are deemed to own, more than five percent of our capital stock;●holders who acquired our stock as compensation or pursuant to the exercise of a stock option; or●persons who hold our shares as a position in a hedging transaction, “straddle,” or other risk reduction transaction.For purposes of this discussion, a U.S. holder is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (ii) acorporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States (or treated assuch under applicable U.S. tax laws), any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardlessof its source; or (iv) a trust if (a) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have theauthority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) it has a valid election in effect under applicable law and regulations to be treated as a U.S. person forU.S. federal income tax purposes. A nonU.S. holder is a holder that is neither a U.S. holder nor a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S.federal income tax purposes.In the case of a partnership or entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally willdepend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal incometax consequences to them of the merger or of the ownership and disposition of our shares.As a result of consummation of the Share Exchange, (i) we acquired substantially all the properties of KBS International, a U.S. corporation, and (ii) the formershareholders of KBS International held at least 80 percent of our common stock by reason of having held stock of KBS International. Accordingly, under Section7874 of the Code, we are treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as a U.S. corporation and, among other consequences, are subject to U.S. federal income tax on ourworldwide income. This discussion assumes that Section 7874 of the Code continues to apply to treat us as a U.S. corporation for all purposes under the Code. If,for some reason (e.g., future repeal of Section 7874 of the Code), we were no longer treated as a U.S. corporation under the Code, the U.S. federal income taxconsequences described herein could be materially and adversely affected.76Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. HoldersDistributionsIn the event that distributions are paid on our common stock, the gross amount of such distributions will be included in the gross income of the U.S. holder asdividend income on the date of receipt to the extent that the distribution is paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federalincome tax principles. Such dividends will be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Dividends received by noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, may be subject to reduced rates of taxation under current law. A U.S. holdermay be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed on dividends paid by us. However, the foreign tax credit rules arecomplex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 of the Code and the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and theGovernment of the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, or theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty, is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may be entitled to underthe foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.To the extent that dividends paid on our common stock exceed current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distributions will be treated first as a taxfree returnof tax basis on our common stock, and to the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds tax basis, the excess will be treated as gain from the disposition ofthose common stock. Because Section 7874 of the Code has applied to treat us as a U.S. corporation only since consummation of the Share Exchange in 2014, wemay not be able to demonstrate to the IRS the extent to which a distribution on our common stock exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (asdetermined under U.S. federal income tax principles), in which case all of such distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.Sale or Other DispositionU.S. holders of our common stock will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of common stock equal to the differencebetween the amount realized for the common stock and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the common stock. This gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss. Undercurrent law, noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, are eligible for reduced tax rates if the common stock has been held for more than one year. Thedeductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. A U.S. holder may be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed ongain from the sale or other disposition of common stock. However, the foreign tax credit rules are complex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 ofthe Code and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may beentitled to under the foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Unearned Income Medicare ContributionCertain U.S. holders who are individuals, trusts or estates are required to pay an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on, among other things, dividends on and capitalgains from the sale or other disposition of shares of stock. U.S. holders should consult their own advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this rule on their ownershipand disposition of our common stock.U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for NonU.S. HoldersDistributionsThe rules applicable to nonU.S. holders for determining the extent to which distributions on our common stock, if any, constitute dividends for U.S. federal incometax purposes are the same as for U.S. holders. See “–U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. Holders– Distributions.”77Table of ContentsAny dividends paid to a nonU.S. holder by us are treated as income derived from sources within the United States and generally will be subject to U.S. federalincome tax withholding at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends, or at a lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty if nonU.S. holdersprovide proper certification of eligibility for the lower rate (usually on IRS Form W8BEN or W8BENE). Dividends received by a nonU.S. holder that are effectivelyconnected with such holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business (and, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained bythe nonU.S. holder in the U.S.) are exempt from such withholding tax, provided that applicable certification requirements are satisfied. In such case, however, nonU.S. holders will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such dividends, net of certain deductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. In addition, corporatenonU.S. holders may be subject to an additional branch profits tax equal to 30% or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable tax treaty on dividendsreceived that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.If nonU.S. holders are eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, such nonU.S. holders may obtain a refund ofany excess amounts withheld by filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.Sale or Other DispositionExcept as described below for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, any gain realized by a nonU.S. holder upon the saleor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:criminal liability in serious cases.According to the PRC Product Quality Law, consumers or other victims who suffer injury or property losses due to product defects may demand compensation fromthe manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the corresponding amount from the manufacturer if the manufactureris responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Relating to Consumer ProtectionThe principal legal provisions for the protection of consumer interests are set forth in the Law of the PRC on Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests, or theConsumer Protection Law, which was promulgated in October 1993 amended in October 2013. The Consumer Protection Law sets forth standards of behavior thatbusinesses must observe in their dealings with consumers.Violations of the Consumer Protection Law may result in the imposition of fines. In addition, the violating entity may be ordered to suspend its operations, and itsbusiness license may be revoked. There may also be criminal liability in serious cases.According to the Consumer Protection Law, if the legal rights and interests of a consumer are violated during the purchase or use of goods, the consumer may seekcompensation from the seller. If the manufacturer or an upstream distributor is responsible, after compensating the consumer, the seller may recover thecorresponding amount from the manufacturer or the upstream distributor. Consumers or other persons who suffer personal injury or property damages due todefects in products may seek compensation from the manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the correspondingamount from the manufacturer if the manufacturer is responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Related to TrademarksThe PRC Trademark Law, adopted in 1982 and revised in 2001 and 2013, protects the proprietary rights to registered trademarks. The Trademark Office under theState Administration of Industry and Commerce handles trademark registration and grants a term of ten years to registered trademarks and another ten years totrademarks as requested upon expiry of the prior term. Trademark license agreements and transfer agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record.37Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Environmental MattersOur facilities are subject to various governmental regulations related to environmental protection. We use a myriad of chemicals in our operations and produceemissions that could pose environmental risks. Our manufacturing facilities are subject to various pollution control regulations with respect to noise, water and airpollution and the disposal of waste and hazardous materials, including, China’s Environmental Protection Law, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Appraisingof Environment Impacts, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of AirPollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution, and China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of NoisePollution. We are subject to periodic inspections by local environmental protection authorities.We did not incur material costs in environmental compliance in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016. We believe we are in material compliance with the relevant PRCenvironmental laws and regulations. We are not currently subject to any pending actions alleging any violations of applicable PRC environmental laws.Regulations Related to EmploymentThe PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law require that employers must execute written employment contracts with fulltime employees. All employers mustcompensate their employees with wages equal to at least the local minimum wage standards. Violations of the PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law may resultin the imposition of fines and other administrative sanctions, and serious violations may constitute criminal offences.On December 28, 2012, the PRC Labor Contract Law was amended with effect on July 1, 2013 to impose more stringent requirements on labor dispatch. Under suchlaw, dispatched workers are entitled to pay equal to that of fulltime employees for equal work, but the number of dispatched workers that an employer hires may notexceed a certain percentage of its total number of employees as determined by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Additionally, dispatchedworkers are only permitted to engage in temporary, auxiliary or substitute work. According to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch promulgated by theMinistry of Human Resources and Social Security on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014, the number of dispatched workers hired by anemployer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees (including both directly hired employees and dispatched workers). The Interim Provisions onLabor Dispatch require employers not in compliance with the PRC Labor Contract Law in this regard to reduce the number of its dispatched workers to below 10% ofthe total number of its employees prior to March 1, 2016.Enterprises in China are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in certain employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pensionplan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a workrelated injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund,and contribute to the plans or funds in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of the employees as specified by thelocal government from time to time at locations where they operate their businesses or where they are located. The enterprise may be ordered to pay the full amountwithin a deadline if it fails to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans and may be subject to fines and other administrative sanctions.Regulations Relating to Foreign ExchangeRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued by theState Administration of Foreign Exchange and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade andservice payments, payment of interest and dividends can be made without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange by following theappropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRCfor the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange or its local office.38Table of ContentsOn February 13, 2015, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency ManagementPolicy on Direct Investment, effective from June 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign directinvestment and overseas direct investment from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for thepurpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed with qualified banks, which, under the supervision of the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to this Circular, a foreigninvested enterprise may,according to its actual business needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchangebureau has confirmed monetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the timebeing, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shalltruthfully use its capital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equityinvestment with the amount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open acorresponding Account for Foreign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of theState Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts waspromulgated and became effective on June 9, 2016. According to this Circular, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreigncurrency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionary basis. This Circular provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items(including but not limited to foreign currency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. ThisCircular reiterates the principle that Renminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposesbeyond its business scope and may not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guaranteethe principal within the PRC unless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless itis within the business scope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration andOptimizing Genuineness and Compliance Verification, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits fromdomestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution,original copies of tax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses beforeremitting any profits. Moreover, pursuant to this Circular, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provideboard resolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and RoundtripInvestment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Issues Concerning the Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore SpecialPurpose Vehicles, to regulate foreign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investmentand financing or conduct round trip investment in China. Circular 37 defines a “special purpose vehicle” as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly orindirectly, by PRC residents or entities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets orinterests, while “round trip investment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through special purpose vehicles, namely, establishingforeigninvested enterprises to obtain the ownership, control rights and management rights. Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into a specialpurpose vehicle, PRC residents or entities be required to complete foreign exchange registration with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranch. In addition, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the ForeignExchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015, requiring PRC residents or entities toregister with qualified banks rather than the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.39Table of ContentsPRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to special purpose vehicles but had not obtained registration asrequired before the implementation of the Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the special purpose vehicles with qualified banks. Anamendment to the registration is required if there is a material change with respect to the special purpose vehicle registered, such as any change of basic information(including change of the PRC residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers ordivisions. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclosecontrollers of the foreigninvested enterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchangeactivities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, sharetransfer or liquidation, to its offshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities topenalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating toinvestments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our abilityto inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic IndividualsParticipating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issuedby the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in March 2007. Pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residentsparticipating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted company are required to register with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents must conduct the registration and other procedures withrespect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of the overseas publicly listed company or another qualifiedinstitution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevant registration should there be any material change to thestock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of the PRC residents who have the right to exercise the employeestock options, apply to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreign currencies in connectionwith the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the sale of shares under thestock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRC opened by the PRCagents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.We have adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we will have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We haveadvised the recipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.However, we cannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock IncentivePlan Notice. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plansmay subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016, respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014, respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our Marshall Islands holding company may rely on dividend paymentsfrom Hongri PRC, which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on theability of our other PRC subsidiaries to make remittance to Hongri PRC and on the ability of Hongri PRC to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cashgenerated by the operations of those entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We rely to a significant extent on dividends and otherdistributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiary to fund offshore cash and financing requirements.”40Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Overseas ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the StateOwned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective onSeptember 8, 2006 and was amended on June 22, 2009. These regulations, among other things, require that (i) PRC entities or individuals obtain approval from theMinistry of Commerce before they establish or control a special purpose vehicle overseas, provided that they intend to use the special purpose vehicle to acquiretheir equity interests in a PRC company at the consideration of newly issued share of the special purpose vehicle, or Share Swap, and list their equity interests in thePRC company overseas by listing the special purpose vehicle in an overseas market; (ii) the special purpose vehicle obtains approval from the Ministry ofCommerce before it acquires the equity interests held by the PRC entities or PRC individual in the PRC company by Share Swap; and (iii) the special purpose vehicleobtains China Securities Regulatory Commission approval before it lists overseas. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The approval ofthe China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with this offering under a PRC regulation. The regulation also establishes more complexprocedures for acquisitions conducted by foreign investors that could make it more difficult for us to grow through acquisitions.”Regulations Relating to TaxationDividend Withholding TaxIn March 2007, the National People’s Congress enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law which became effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on February 24,2017. According to Enterprise Income Tax Law, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a foreigninvested enterprise in China to its foreignenterprise investors are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that providesfor a preferential withholding arrangement. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Negotiated Reduction of Dividends and Interest Rates,issued on January 29, 2008 and supplemented and revised on February 29, 2008, and the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, which became effective onDecember 8, 2006 and applicable to income derived in any year of assessment commencing on or after April 1, 2007 in Hong Kong and in any year commencing on orafter January 1, 2007 in the PRC, such withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong enterprise is deemed the beneficial owner of any dividend paid by aPRC subsidiary by PRC tax authorities and holds at least 25% of the equity interest in that particular PRC subsidiary at all times within the 12month periodimmediately prior to the distribution of the dividends. Furthermore, pursuant to the Announcement on Issues concerning “Beneficial Owners” in Tax Treaties issuedon February 3, 2018 by the State Administration of Taxation, when determining the status of “beneficial owners,” a comprehensive analysis may be conductedthrough materials such as articles of association, financial statements, records of capital flows, minutes of board of directors, resolutions of board of directors,allocation of manpower and material resources, the relevant expenses, functions and risk assumption, loan contracts, royalty contracts or transfer contracts, patentregistration certificates and copyright certificates, etc. However, even if an applicant has the status as a “beneficiary owner,” if the competent tax authority findsnecessity to apply the principal purpose test clause in the tax treaties or the general antitax avoidance rules stipulated in domestic tax laws, the general antitaxavoidance provisions shall apply.Enterprise Income TaxIn December 2007, the State Council promulgated the Implementing Rules of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008. TheEnterprise Income Tax Law and its relevant implementing rules (i) impose a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate, which is applicable to both foreigninvestedenterprises and domestic enterprises (ii) permits companies to continue to enjoy their existing tax incentives, subject to certain transitional phaseout rules and(iii) introduces new tax incentives, subject to various qualification criteria.41Table of ContentsThe Enterprise Income Tax Law also provides that enterprises organized under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies”located within China may be considered PRC resident enterprises and therefore be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwideincome. The implementing rules further define the term “de facto management body” as the management body that exercises substantial and overall managementand control over the production and operations, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. If an enterprise organized under the laws of jurisdictionoutside China is considered a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, itwould be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. Second, a 10% withholding tax would be imposed on dividends itpays to its nonPRC enterprise shareholders and with respect to gains derived by its nonPRC enterprise shareholders from transfer of its shares.On October 17, 2017, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Bulletin on Issues Concerning the Withholding of NonPRC Resident Enterprise Income Tax atSource, or Bulletin 37, which replaced the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by NonPRC Resident Enterprisesissued by the State Administration of Taxation on December 10, 2009, and partially replaced and supplemented rules under the Bulletin on Issues of EnterpriseIncome Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by NonPRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7, issued by the State Administration of Taxation on February 3, 2015.Under Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by nonPRC resident enterprises may be recharacterizedand treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose ofavoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. In respect of anindirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the relevant gain is to be regarded as effectively connected with the PRC establishment and thereforeincluded in its enterprise income tax filing, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relatesto the immoveable properties in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not effectively connected to a PRC establishment of a nonresident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax at 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similararrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Pursuant to Bulletin 37, the withholding party shalldeclare and pay the withheld tax to the competent tax authority in the place where such withholding party is located within seven days from the date of occurrenceof the withholding obligation. Both Bulletin 37 and Bulletin 7 do not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange wheresuch shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We and our existingshareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a Chinese establishmentof a nonChinese company, or immovable properties located in China owned by nonChinese companies.”ValueAdded TaxIn November 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Pilot Plan for Imposition of ValueAdded Tax to ReplaceBusiness Tax. In March 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation further promulgated the Notice on Fully Promoting the Pilot Plan forReplacing Business Tax by ValueAdded Tax. Pursuant to this Pilot Plan and the relevant notice, value added tax at a rate of 6% is generally imposed, on anationwide basis, on the revenue generated from the provision of service in lieu of business tax in the modern service industries. Value added tax of a rate of 6%applies to revenue derived from the provision of some modern services. Unlike business tax, a taxpayer is allowed to offset the qualified input value added tax paidon taxable purchases against the output value added tax chargeable on the modern services provided.C.Organizational StructureSee “—A. History and Development of the Company—Corporate Structure” above for details of our current organizational structure.42Table of ContentsD.Property, Plants and EquipmentOur company has established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31,2018, this network was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, our company’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The facilityhas a production capacity of 2 million pieces per year and we move in upon the completion of phase 2 in year 2015. By relocating from the coastal area to AnhuiProvince, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a more stable labor supply. We manufacture a variety of menswear products, including, jeans,shirts, suits and socks. Because of its variety and complexity in the production process, these products require special sewing machines and workmanship, whichwe currently do not possess. As a result, the Company is not yet able to produce KBS branded products and has outsourced its KBS branded productmanufacturing to other established ODM and OEM manufacturers in the Fujian and Zhejiang regions. The Company has completed the second phase constructionof its new factory at the end of 2014. The second phase has an annual production capacity of 5 million pieces subject to our purchasing additional equipment.Currently Anhui factory mainly produces OEM orders and some international orders.Our production facility consists of total 110,557 square meters of land. We obtained a portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square metersand 2,440 square meters in May 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildingsand offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need foradditional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of landhas been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Oncethe construction of the new production facilities is completed, our total production capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year fromthe current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.In 2016, we closed 1 corporate store and as of December 31, 2018, we leased the premises for our sole remaining corporate store. We have undertaken variousmeasures to verify the lessees’ rights to the property leased to us in respect of its stores. In China, all land is owned by the State or other governmental bodies, and“ownership” is generally evidenced by a land use rights certificate. We rent some stores that were located in rural areas where land use rights are held collectivelyby villages and records regarding the ownership of land use rights are frequently not kept. In these cases, the company has confirmed our ability to lease the storesthrough communications with village authorities, and has reviewed electricity and water bills to confirm utilities are being paid by the parties leasing the premises tous. Based on the results of these efforts, we believe the risk of third party claims against our leases of these stores is relatively small and the measures taken by ourcompany are sufficient to verify the land use rights for all of its stores.In addition, the property used as our head office and corporate store is leased from a related party, whose ownership of the property has been verified by ourcompany. We paid a total of RMB720,000, RMB 720,000, and RMB 720,000, as rental fees for the existing corporate stores during the fiscal years 2016, 2017 and 2018,respectively. The total area of these 2 corporate stores is 158 square meters. The sales of each store and its location are shown below:AreaSales in fiscalyear 2016(USD)Sales in fiscalyear 2017(USD)Sales in fiscalyear2018(USD)Shishi factory1,240,354.74772,299691,431Quanzhou Dayang (closed in 2016)470,280.90Total:1,710,635.64772,299691,43143Table of ContentsITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot required.ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSWe are engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of casual menswear in China, including apparel and accessories, which we market under the KBSbrand. The KBS brand was developed in 2006. Before 2012, we were engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of fashion sportswear in China. Sinceour products feature a unique and stylish design that is more fashionable than traditional sportswear, as well as quality fabrics and materials and the sportswearmarket was becoming more and more competitive, in late 2011 we turned our focus on casual menswear market which has higher profit margin. KBS’s apparelproducts include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, Jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, belts and caps. In 2016, the suggestedretail prices of KBS’s products ranged from RMB199 to RMB1,499 for its apparel products and RMB15 to RMB899 for its accessory products. KBS holds newproducts launch events twice every year, one in spring and the other in autumn. Since 2006, we have launched about 1,500,536 collections of new products eachyear with a different theme to highlight the current trends for the season. KBS’s marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese.” KBS’scustomers are male middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range, primarily located in tier two and tier three cities in China. The company has adopted “KBS” as auniform brand name, which stands for “Keep Best Style”, and KBS are designed by us for a uniform look and feel that fits our brand image, with instore displaysthat accentuate the quality and style of our products across all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. We believe that the KBSbrand has become a recognized brand name in the cities where their products are sold.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors. Thenumber of stores grew significantly from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006 to 31 corporate stores as of December 31, 2012 and 96franchised stores as of December 31, 2013, and decreased to 84 stores as of December 31, 2014. Because of the recent softening of economic growing in China andfierce competition from our competitors, online store sales of franchised stores and corporate stores went down in 2015 as compared with the previous year. In 2017and 2018, the distributors closed 15 and 8 franchised stores, respectively, and we closed 1 corporate store in year 2016. We generate more revenues from OEM in2018 and intend to generate more in OEM and target area from acquisitions.KBS also acts as an original design manufacturer, or ODM, upon request. Income from such services accounted for 14%, 7.3% and 9% of revenue for the yearsended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, KBS’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The company believesthat the shortage of labor and rising wage expectations in China, especially in the coastal area, could have a material impact on our operations as well as itssuppliers’ cost of manufacturing. By relocating from the coastal area to inland Anhui Province, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a morestable labor supply. Since the company’s original production team was not ready to produce the new style KBS products, KBS has outsourced its productmanufacturing to other established ODM manufacturers. As such, KBS’s own production facility in Taihu mainly takes OEM orders from other sportswearcompanies, like Xtep. Our production facility in Taihu, Anhui Province includes three parcels of land with a total area of 110,557 square meters. We have obtainedland use rights for two parcels of land with an area of 9,845 square meters in 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction ofthe adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire theland use right of the third parcel of land. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 can be continued. Once completed, our totalproduction capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year. We do not necessarilyrely on our own production facility to satisfy the demand of our products as we may outsource some or all of the production work to various ODM and OEMmanufacturers in China.44Table of ContentsA.Principal Factors Affecting Financial PerformanceOur operating results are primarily affected by the following factors:●Growth of China’s menswear industry. With approximately onefifth of the world’s population and a fastgrowing gross domestic product, Chinarepresents a significant growth opportunity for a wide variety of retail goods, including apparel. The enhanced living standards and increased disposableincome that has resulted from the vibrant economic growth has driven the rapid development of the men’s apparel market in China in recent years. China iscurrently one of the world’s largest men’s apparel markets. As a leading provider of casual menswear in China, we believe we are well positioned tocapitalize on the favorable economic, demographic and industry trends in this sector.●Brand recognition. We derive all of our revenues from sales of the KBS branded products in China, and our success depends on the market perceptionand acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture, lifestyle and images associated with this brand. Market acceptance of our brand may affect the sellingprices and market demand for our products, the profit margin of us can achieve, and our ability to grow.●Ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network. The ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in terms of floor area in our salesnetwork affects our results of operations in a given period. The franchised stores operated by our distributors have been and will continue to be the maincontributor to our revenue for the foreseeable future. Under the distribution business model, we sell directly to our distributors and recognize revenuesupon delivery of our products to them. Such distribution network has enabled us to accelerate sales growth at a much lower cost than opening direct storesand has limited our inventory and sales risks. Corporate stores operated by us, on the other hand, despite incurring more significant capital expenditures ascompared with franchised stores, allow us more control over our brand and the consumer’s shopping experience, which are important factors for the overallsuccess of our business. In addition, our corporate store sales generally have a higher gross profit margin than sales to distributors because we are able tosell the products at retail prices directly to the endconsumers and because we recognize expenses relating to our corporate stores as selling anddistribution expenses. Therefore, the ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network will affect our gross profit margin.●Product offering and pricing. Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define menswear trends as well as to anticipate, gauge andreact to changing consumer demands for menswear in a timely manner. Most of our products are subject to changing consumer preferences and fashiontrends that cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumer acceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, andour future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes.●Fluctuations in raw material supply and prices. The per unit cost of producing our products depends on the supply and price of raw materials,particularly fabrics such as cotton, wool and polyester, which have experienced volatility in past years. Increases in the price of raw materials wouldnegatively impact our gross margins if we are not able to offset such price increases through increases in our selling price or changes in product offeringsand mix.Financial Statement PresentationRevenue. During the periods covered by this section, we generated revenue from sales of our menswear products.45Table of ContentsCost of sales. During the periods covered by this section, our cost of sales primarily consisted of the costs of our outsourcing cost, raw materials, labor andoverhead. We did not have any inward or outward freight charges as these charges are borne by our distributors and suppliers.Gross profit and gross margin. For the periods covered by this section, our gross profit is equal to the difference between our net sales and cost of sales. Our grossmargin is equal to the gross profit divided by net sales. Our gross margin may not be comparable to those of other retail entities since some retail entities include allof their distribution network costs in cost of sales and others, like us, include these expenses in another statement of operations line item.Administrative expenses. For the periods covered by this section, general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to ourgeneral management, finance and administrative staff, professional advisor fees, audit fees and other expenses incurred in connection with general operations.Selling expenses. For the periods covered by this section, our selling and marketing expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to our sales andmarketing staff, store rent, business travel, coordination with distributor marketing and promotions, transportation costs and other sales related costs.Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, both in U.S. dollars and as apercentage of or revenue.Year endedDecember 31, 2018Year ended December 31, 2017Year ended December 31, 2016Amount% of SalesAmount% of SalesAmount% of SalesRevenue18,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales20,851,252112%35,274,352148%39,041,93295%Gross (loss)/profit2,316,13712%11,511,81648%2,158,2725%Operating expensesDistribution and selling expenses2,670,95514%3,265,38014%3,606,0109%Administrative expenses4,907,02026%4,879,39721%3,543,9939%Total operating expenses7,577,97541%8,144,77634%7,150,00317%Other income122,1391%461,5642%555,0511%Other gains and losses13,522,30073%122,2441%11,123,76727%Loss from operations23,294,273126%19,317,27281%15,560,44738%Finance costs96,4441%96,3850%71,7830%Change in fair value of warrant liabilities00%00%3,4090%Loss before tax23,390,717126%19,413,65782%15,628,82138%Income tax5,422,11929%4,598,06119%3,726,1339%Loss for the year17,968,59897%14,815,59662%11,902,68829%46Table of ContentsA breakdown of revenue, percentage of revenue and percentage of gross margin by segment for the respective periods is as follows:BybusinessDistribution networkCorporate storesOEMConsolidatedYear endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Sales toexternalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205% of Sales73%63%78%13%29%13%14%7%9%100%100%100%Segmentsgrossmargins2,245,9442,277,8586,623,6175,402,99414,291,6805,727,349845,700502,0071,262,0052,316,13611,511,8162,158,273Grossmarginrate17%15%21%227%205%104%33%29%36%12%48%5%Segment salesFor the year ended December 31, 2018, total revenue decreased by 22% from $23.8 million in 2017 to $18.5 million. Our total revenue of 2017 decreased by 33% from$41.2 million to $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company reports financial and operating results in three segments: distributor network,corporate stores and OEM.Distributor Network —Revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2018 decreased by 10% from $15 million in 2017 to $13 million primarily due to adecrease in sales volume. There was a decrease of revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2017 by 53% from $32.1 million in year 2016 primarily dueto a decrease in sales volume. The distributor segment accounted for 73% of the total revenue in 2018, compared to 63% and 78% during years 2017 and 2016,respectively.In year 2018, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network increased to 17% from 15% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price of newproducts. The sales went down in year 2018 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstockduring previous periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.47Table of ContentsIn year 2017, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network decreased to 15% from 21% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price, and thesales went down in year 2017 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstock duringprevious periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.The Company’s distributor network currently consists of 11 distributors in 12 provinces. Most of these distributors, either directly or through their subdistributors,operate KBSbranded stores. Some wholesale distributors sold the products to multibranded stores and online stores. As of December 31, 2018, distributorsoperated a total of 32 KBSbranded stores, primarily in second and third tier cities. KBS products distributed to the fourth and fifth tier cities are primarily sold inmultibranded department stores.Corporate Stores — Total revenue from corporate store sale for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $6.98 million for year 2017. In 2018 sales fromcorporate store decreased as compared to 2017 due to a decrease in promotion sales of repurchased inventory from certain distributors which are unable to pay offthe debts owed to us.Total revenue from corporate store sales for fiscal year 2017 was $6.98 million, compared to $5.53 million for year 2016. In 2017 sales from corporate stores increasedas compared to 2016 due to an increase in sales volume, which in turn was mainly attributable to the increase in promotion sales on repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors which are unable to pay off the debts owed to us.As of December 31, 2018, we operated 1 corporate store which located in Fujian. Total revenue from corporate store sales of 2018 decreased as compared to 2017because of the decrease the promotion sales of repurchased inventory.The corporate store segment contributed 14% of total revenue in 2018, compared to 29% of 2017 and 13% of 2016. Gross profit margin for the Company’s corporatestore was 232% in 2018, compared to 205% in 2017 and 104% in 2016. The margin compression from 2016 to 2018 is primarily due to: 1) close of 1 corporate store in2016 and the sale of its inventory at a lower price; 2) reduction of sale price of our goods in corporate stores to stimulate sales; 3) loss from sales of repurchasedinventory from certain distributors which sold at big discounted price in year 2017 and year 2018.OEM — The OEM segment is comprised of products that are designed by the customers but manufactured by us. Revenue from the OEM segment increased by$0.83 million to $2.57 million for year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017. Gross profit margin increased to 33%from 29% of year 2017. Revenue from the OEM segment decreased by $1.79 million to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $3.53 million foryear ended December 31, 2016. Gross profit margin decreased to 29% from 36% of year 2016. Our revenues from sales of OEM represented 14%, 9% and 9%,respectively of our total revenues for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.Cost of sales and gross profit rateCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for production purpose,outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges and water and electricity.Our cost of sales decreased from $35 million in year 2017 to $21 million in year 2018. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017.The gross profit rate increased from 48% in year 2017 to 12% in year 2018 due to 1) a decrease in the number of promotion sales in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, whichcaused a loss at RMB 40 million; 2) the higher price of updated new products and improvement of products quality; 3) higher profit margin of OEM segments due tolower amortized fixed fees from big orders from certain customers. In order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continuedoperation, we decided to continue to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors in 2018 and thereafter.48Table of ContentsOur cost of sales decreased from $39 million in year 2016 to $35 million in year 2017. The decrease was consistent with the decrease in our revenue, which resulted ina decrease in purchases by $7 million. The decrease in purchases was mainly due to a challenging retail environment and close of some stores.The gross profit rate decreased from 5% in year 2016 to 48% in year 2017 due to 1) a decrease in the number of our franchised stores from 55 as of December 31,2016 to 40 as of December 31, 2017; 2) in order to make more fair and friendly business environment for our all distributors, we adjusted our price policy to havesame price to our district distributors and province distributors in 2017, the price sell to the district distributor is lower than before. 3) a slowdown in demand inmenswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and our distributors faceddifficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 141.42 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million. Although we are not contractually obligated to buy back the excessiveinventory from any our distributors, in order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continued operation, we decided to do same in2017 to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors and we may implement similar plans in the following years.Administrative expensesAdministrative expenses increased by $0.02 million or 1% to $4.9 million for year 2018 from $4.88 million for 2017. The change was mainly due to the decrease ofoutsourcing design expense and the increase of the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Administrative expenses increased by $1.34 million or 37% to $4.88 million for year 2017 from $3.54 million for 2016. The increase was mainly due to the increase indesign staff expenses and the increase attributable to the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Distribution and selling expensesThe selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.59 million or 18% to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $ 3.2 million in 2017, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expense, products promotion expenses and entertainment expenses.The selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.34 million or 9.45% to $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $ 3.6 million in 2016, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expenses and promotion expense of products including placement order meeting expense.The advertisement expenses of 2018, 2017 and 2016 are relatively even and selling expenses accounted for 6.6%, 7.5% and 9% for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Other gains and lossesOther gains and losses increased by $13.4 million, or 10,875%, to $13.52 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $0.12 million for year 2017. The increasewas mainly due to the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value.Other gains and losses decreased by $11 million, or 98.9%, to $0.12 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $11.1 million for year 2016. The decrease wasmainly due to the fact that there was no additional provision on bad debts from three clients as in 2016.Profit for the yearWe had a loss of $18 million in 2018 as compared to a loss of $14.81 million for 2017, representing a decrease of profit of $3 million or 21%. Net margin was 97% forthe year ended December 31, 2018, compared to 62% for the year ended December 31, 2017.49Table of ContentsWe had a loss of $14.81 million in 2017 as compared to a loss of $11.9 million for 2016, representing a decrease of profit of $2.91 million or 25%. Net margin was 62%for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 29% for the year ended December 31, 2016.Profit for the year decreased from 2018 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons:(1)the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value (2) thedistribution and selling expenses decreased to a small portion of total revenue and the revenue also decreased compared to year ended December 31, 2017; (3) aslowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brands, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling products and paying back the balance owed to us. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 40 million.Profit for the year decreased from 2016 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons: (1) the administrative expenses increased to a large portion of total revenue; and(2) slowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 141.42 millionfrom certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million.B.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesAs of December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $21,026,103. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and cash in the banks. Webelieve that our current levels of cash and cash equivalent and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next12 months. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through net cash flow from operations. Our cash flows are driven by key performance indicatorsincluding the number of orders placed by distributors, number of outlets that each distributor operates the pricing of our products, sales of our corporate stores, andthe collect portion of account receivable. Currently there is only minimal cash held by offshore subsidiaries and there is no need for these subsidiaries to transfercash to Hongri PRC.The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this report:Fiscal Year Ended December 31201820172016Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(3,703,354)$1,922,252$3,194,287Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities52,932(865,365)45,445Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(3,907,291)(39,024)4,919,241Effects of exchange rate change in cash(1,117,062)1,513,138(1,556,980)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080Cash and cash equivalent at end of the period$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,34150Table of ContentsOperating ActivitiesThe net cash provided by operating activities consists of profit before tax, as adjusted by finance costs, change in fair value of warrant liabilities, interest income,shared based compensation, bad debt allowance, depreciation of property, plant and equipment, amortization of prepaid lease payment and trademark, amortizationof subsidies prepaid to distributors, amortization of prepayment and premiums under operating leases, provision(Reversal) of inventory obsolescence, provision ofimpairment loss in prepayments, loss(gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment, deferred income tax, which include trade and other receivables, prepaymentand deferred expenses, inventory, trade and other payables.Net cash used in operating activities in fiscal year 2018 was $3.7 million, compared with net cash provided by operating activities of $1.9 million in the year endedDecember 31, 2017. The change is mainly due to the increase of provision of Anhui property and the increase of deferred tax due to the loss of fiscal year 2018.Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.9 million, compared with $3.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2016. The change is mainlydue to the decrease in the amount of collection of account receivable.Investing ActivitiesNet cash provided by investing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.05 million, compared with $0.8 million net cash used in investing activities in 2017. The net cashprovided in investing activities in 2018 was interest received from our bank deposits.Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $0.8 million, compared with $0.04 million net cash provided by investing activities in 2016. The net cashused in investing activities in 2017 was to purchase fire protection facility.Financing ActivitiesNet cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.26 million, compared with $1.1 million net cash used in financing activities in 2017. It mainly consistedof repayment of bank loans in 2018.Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.1 million, compared with $1.68 million net cash provided by financing activities in 2016. It mainlyconsisted of interests paid for our bank loans.Loans, Other Commitments, ContingenciesAs of December 31, 2018, we had bank loans in an amount of $1,092,785. We may, however, in the future, require additional cash resources due to changing businessconditions, implementation of our strategy to expand our business or other investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our own financial resources areinsufficient to satisfy the capital requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain additional credit facilities. The sale of additionalequity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require usto agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overallbusiness prospects.C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.Our industry is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and changing customer demands. These conditions require continuousexpenditures on product research and development to enhance existing products create new products and avoid product obsolescence. See Item 3 “Key Information—D. Risk Factors—If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected,” —“Ifwe are unable to keep pace with the rapid technological changes in our industry, demand for our products and services could decline which would adversely affectour revenue,” and —“Our technology may become obsolete which could materially adversely affect our ability to sell our products and services.” For a detailedanalysis of research and development costs, see Item 5.A. “Operating Results—Results of Operations—Research and development expenses”.D.Trend InformationOther than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that wouldcause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.E.Off Balance Sheet ArrangementsWe do not have any off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes infinancial condition, sales or expenses, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures, or capital resources that are material to an investment in our securities.51Table of ContentsF.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual ObligationsThe table below shows our material contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018.Payments Due by PeriodLess than1 year13 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsContractual ObligationsConstruction Obligations$64,088,236Operating Lease Obligations$78,532146,7052,225,030Total$64,166,768146,7052,225,030Anhui Factory Construction ContractOn November 20, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party for the construction of a new plant with a total size of 110,557 square meters, atTaihu City, Anhui at a consideration of RMB 690 million (equivalent to approximately $104 million). This is the frame contract for the construction of Anhui factoryand round estimation. By December 31, 2016 we had already paid about $37.75 million in total on the phase 1, 2, 3 of construction based on detailed phase contractand the balance of construction cost of the Anui factory need to be determined based on the ontime budget on every phase. The majority of funds for constructionexpenses came from the cash balance on the account as of December 31, 2018 and the new profit of following year.Anhui Land Use Right Acquisition ContractOn September 2, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party to acquire a land use right in relation to the development of factories in Taihu City,Anhui Province, at a total consideration of RMB 43 million (approximately $6.3 million). Full consideration was paid in September 2010. There are three parts of theland. The Company has obtained land use rights certificates for the first parcel of land with 7,405 square meters on March 19, 2012, and the second parcel of landwith 2,440 square meters on May 26, 2012. The Company is currently in the process of obtaining the land use right certificate for the third parcel of the land with100,712 square meters.Except as set forth above, we have no other material longterm debt, capital or operating lease or fixed purchase obligations.InflationInflation and changing prices have not had a material effect on our business, and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect ourbusiness in the foreseeable future. However, our management will closely monitor price changes in the Chinese economy and the apparel industry and continuallymaintain effective cost controls in operations.52Table of ContentsSeasonalityOur business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal. Historically, we have realized more of our revenue and earnings in the fourth quarter, which includes themajority of the holiday shopping season, than in any other fiscal quarter.Critical Accounting PoliciesThe preparation of financial statements is in conformity with IFRS as issued by the IASB. It requires the Company’s management to make assumptions, estimatesand judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. The Company hasidentified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of Company’s financial statements. These accounting policies are important for anunderstanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of theCompany’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to makeestimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitivebecause of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly frommanagement’s current judgments. The Company believes the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in thepreparation of the Company’s financial statements.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects the considerationto which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled in exchange fortransferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that asignificant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration issubsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to the customerfor more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would be reflected in a separatefinancing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financing component which provides theCompany a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interest expense accreted on the contract liabilityunder the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services is oneyear or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component, using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of the goods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receiptsover the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.53Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with thedividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. Revenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer. Revenue from allabove categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of thetransaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered and title has passed.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting the deductible inputVAT of the period, is VAT payable.54Table of ContentsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial periodof time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use orsale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal government retirementbenefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fund their retirementbenefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal government takes responsibility for theretirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly, the only obligation of the Groupwith respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employment with the Group. There are no provisionsunder the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans are considered defined contribution plans. The Grouphas no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixed contributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pensionschemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service is performed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised inother comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Groupoperates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable taxregulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred taxassets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which thosedeductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or fromthe initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accountingprofit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able to control thereversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising fromdeductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profitsagainst which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.55Table of ContentsThe carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficienttaxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based ontax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assetsreflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carryingamount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when thedeferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities wherethere is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, inwhich case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arisesfrom the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.Store preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll and supplies.The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenses when occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases areclassified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes. Leaseholdimprovements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes other thanconstruction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful lives and aftertaking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction in progressis carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment whencompleted and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for theirintended use.56Table of ContentsAn item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of theasset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) isincluded in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.The Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights to use theland on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizable valuerepresents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fair valuethrough profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model formanaging them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the practicalexpedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus in the case of a financialasset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group hasapplied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance with the policies set out for “Revenue recognition(applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cash flowsthat are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established by regulation orconvention in the marketplace.57Subsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognised inthe income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversals arerecognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair value changes arerecognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive income is recycled to theincome statement.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under HKAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. The classification isdetermined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statement when theright of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and the amount of the dividendcan be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains arerecorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income are not subject to impairmentassessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value throughprofit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for thepurpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading unless they aredesignated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interest are classified and measured atfair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to be classified at amortised cost or at fairvalue through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition ifdoing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.58Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in theincome statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separate derivative if theeconomic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet thedefinition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changesin fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cashflows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between thecontractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the originaleffective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to thecontractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are providedfor credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been asignificant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespectiveof the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. When making theassessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on thefinancial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort,including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider afinancial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full beforetaking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering thecontractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the general approach andthey are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach as detailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured at anamount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets and for whichthe loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the loss allowance ismeasured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs59Simplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of asignificant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not track changes incredit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on itshistorical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt the simplifiedapproach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed from theGroup’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to what extent, ithas retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset nortransferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Groupalso recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that theGroup has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and the maximumamount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’sfinancial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.Subsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method unless theeffect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement when the liabilities arederecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.60Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantiallymodified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference between therespective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right tooffset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to the contractualprovisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financialassets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.The Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. Theeffective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of theeffective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, where appropriate, a shorter period tothe net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.61Table of ContentsReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including trade and otherreceivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment (seeaccounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a resultof one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have been affected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequently assessed forimpairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience of collecting payments,and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national or local economic conditions thatcorrelate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between the asset’scarrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.The carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables, where thecarrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized in profit or loss. When atrade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off arecredited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment losseswas recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset at the date theimpairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.G.Safe HarborSee “Introductory Notes—ForwardLooking Information.”62Table of ContentsITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEESA.Directors and Senior ManagementThe following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors and senior management, as well as employees upon whose work we are dependent, as ofthe date of this annual report.NAMEAGEPOSITIONKeyan Yan47Chairman and Chief Executive OfficerThemis Kalapotharakos44Executive DirectorLixiaTu37Chief Financial Officer and DirectorJohn Sano49Independent DirectorMatthew C. Los54Independent DirectorZhongmin Zhang76Independent DirectorYuet Mei Chan38Independent DirectorMr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has been the Chairman of our board of directors and Chief Executive Officer since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr.Yan has over 16 years of senior management experience. He served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of KBS International between March 2011 and August2014. From 1994 to present, Mr. Yan has served as general manager of Hongri PRC. Prior to joining us, Mr. Yan served as workshop manager, production managerand marketing manager of Zhenshi Knitting Factory in Shishi, China from 19891994. Mr. Yan obtained a certificate of corporate management from Xiamen Universityin 1992.Ms. Lixia Tu. Ms. Tu became the Company’s Chief Financial Officer on June 25, 2015. Ms. Tu has more than night years of accounting and audit experience, familiarwith IFRS, US GAAP, SarbanesOxley and the compliance requirements of SEC. After she worked as a project manager at BDO China Fu Jian SHU LUN PANCertified Public Accountants for four years, she worked as a CFO or a financial consultant for some other companies. Ms. Tu holds a Master’s degree inprofessional accounting from the University of Deakin in Australia. Ms. Tu is also a member of the Chartered Association of Certified Accountants.Mr. Themis Kalapotharakos. Mr. Kalapotharakos became our executive director on June 15, 2015. Mr. Kalapotharakos has acquired a range of expertise of a widespectrum of business activities. He has extensive highlevel experience at the Shipping, Trading and Finance industries where he has founded, developed andoperated various businesses starting from the ground up. His roles involved regular communication and coordination with investors, financial institutions, capitalmarket authorities, custodian and administrative banks, auditors and legal counsel. He holds a Bachelor’s degree from Cardiff University and an MSc Degree fromCass Business School in the UK.John Sano. Mr. Sano has been an independent director of the Company since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr. Sano has over 20 years ofexperience in apparel & home furnishings concept, design, sourcing, production, and ecommerce. He has extensive experience in all aspects of the retail clothingsupply chain, from conceptualization to final production and distribution. Mr. Sano has also advised and worked closely with numerous top brands in the US. Hehas been General Director of Sano Design Services since 2002. Mr. Sano has an associate’s degree in interior design from Traphagen School of Design.Mr. Matthew C. Los. Mr. Los became our director on October 8, 2015. Mr. Los has acquired a range of expertise of a wide spectrum of business activities. He hasover 20 years’ experience at high level management, and has founded, developed and operated various businesses in the shipping, energy, telecommunications realestate industries starting from the ground up. He also has experience in the capital markets and was the CEO of Aquasition Corp., the predecessor of the Company,prior to the Share Exchange. Mr. Los has a BSc in Mechanical Engineering and Computer Aided Design from University of Westminster in the UK.Mr. Zhongmin Zhang. Mr. Zhang became our director on July 10, 2017. He has over 45 years of extensive experience in many facets of textile business, including inproduction, marketing, and management. Currently, Mr. Zhang is the president of Zhengzhou Guangda Textile Printing & Dyeing Co., Ltd. which has an annualproduction of 216 million meters of various textile products, with a value of RMB 800 million. Holding a title of Senior Engineer, Mr. Zhang graduated from HarbinInstitute of Technology in 1965. He also has certificates in finance management and civil law.Mr. Yuet Mei Chan. Ms. Chan became our director on July 10, 2017. She has over 15 years of experience in the banking industry. She held several senior positions ina prestigious bank in Hong Kong from 20012016. She is currently a financial consultant at AIA and specializes in analyzing financial situations and market trends.Ms. Chan holds a diploma in Computing and Business Studies from Hong Kong St. Perth College.No family relationship exists between any of the persons named above.63Table of ContentsB.CompensationIn 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $207,268 in cash as compensation to our directors and senior management as a group, and some of our directors andexecutive officers also received compensation in the form of annual salaries and bonuses. We do not set aside or accrue any amounts for pension, retirement orother benefits for our directors and senior management. However, we reimburse our directors for outofpocket expenses incurred in connection with their services insuch capacity.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to our executive officers and directors as compensations for theirservices. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to the Company’s executiveofficers, directors and certain employees as compensations for their service. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.2018 Equity Incentive PlanOn December 24, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2018 Plan, pursuant to which the Company may offerup to two million shares of common stock as equity incentives to its directors, employees and consultants. Such number of shares is subject to adjustment in theevent of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, stock splits, stock dividends, or other change in the corporate structure of the Companyaffecting the shares issuable under the 2018 Plan. As of December 31, 2018, we have not granted any equity awards under the 2018 Plan.The following paragraphs summarize the terms of our 2018 Plan:Purpose. The purposes of the 2018 Plan are to promote the longterm growth and profitability of the Company and its affiliates by stimulating the efforts ofemployees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates who are selected to be participants, aligning the longterm interests of participants with thoseof shareholders, heightening the desire of participants to continue in working toward and contributing to our success, attracting and retaining the best availablepersonnel for positions of substantial responsibility, and generally providing additional incentive for them to promote the success of our business through the grantof awards of or pertaining to our common stock. The 2018 Plan permits the grant of ISOs, NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share AppreciationRights, Performance Units and Performance Shares as the administrator of the 2018 Plan may determine.Administration. The 2018 Plan is administered by our Board. The administrator has the authority to determine the specific terms and conditions of all awards grantedunder the 2018 Plan, including, without limitation, the number of shares of common stock subject to each award, the price to be paid for the shares and the applicablevesting criteria. The administrator has discretion to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2018 Plan.Eligibility. NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share Appreciation Rights, Performance Units and Performance Shares may be granted to employees,directors or consultants either alone or in combination with any other awards. ISOs may be granted only to employees of the Company, and of any parent orsubsidiary.Shares Available for Issuance Under the 2018 Plan. Subject to adjustment as described below, (a) the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issuedunder the 2018 Plan is 2,000,000 shares of common stock, (b) to the extent consistent with Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the“Code”), not more than an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of common stock may be issued under ISOs, and (c) not more than 200,000 shares of common stock (or forawards denominated in cash, the Fair Market Value of 200,000 shares of common stock on the Grant Date, as defined in the 2018 Plan), may be awarded to anyindividual participant in the aggregate in any one fiscal year of the Company, such limitation to be applied in a manner consistent with the requirements of, and onlyto the extent required for compliance with, the exclusion from the limitation on deductibility of compensation under Code Section 162(m). The number and class ofshares available under the 2018 Plan are subject to adjustment in the event of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, share splits, sharedividends, or other similar events which change the number or kind of shares outstanding.64Table of ContentsTransferability. Unless otherwise provided in the 2018 Plan or otherwise determined by the administrator, an award may not be sold, pledged, assigned,hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution and may be exercised, during the lifetime of theparticipant, only by the participant. However, the administrator may, at or after the grant of an award other than an ISO, provide that such award may be transferredby the recipient to a “family member” (as defined in the 2018 Plan); provided, however, that any such transfer is without payment of any consideration whatsoeverand that no transfer shall be valid unless first approved by the administrator, acting in its sole discretion, and as required by our Amended and Restated Articles ofIncorporation. If the administrator makes an award transferable, such award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the administrator deemsappropriate.Termination of, or Amendments to, the 2018 Plan. The Board may at any time amend, alter, suspend or terminate the 2018 Plan, provided that the Company willobtain shareholder approval of any 2018 Plan amendment to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with applicable Laws. No amendment, alteration,suspension or termination of the 2018 Plan will impair the rights of any participant, unless mutually agreed otherwise between the participant and the administrator,which agreement must be in writing and signed by the participant and the Company. Termination of the 2018 Plan will not affect the administrator’s ability to exercisethe powers granted to it hereunder with respect to awards granted prior to the date of such termination.The 2018 Plan will terminate five years following the date it was adopted by the Board, unless sooner terminated by the Board.Employment AgreementsPlease refer to Item 10 “Additional Information—C. Material Contracts.”C.Board PracticesOur board of directors currently consists of seven members, Keyan Yan, Lixia Tu, John Sano, Themis Kalapotharakos, Matthew C. Los, Yuet Mei Chan andZhongmin Zhang.The Board has established the Audit Committee, which is comprised entirely of independent directors. From time to time, the Board may establish other committees.Audit CommitteeOur Audit Committee is currently composed of three members: Yuet Mei Chan, John Sano and Matthew C. Los. Our Board of Directors determined that each memberof the Audit Committee meets the independence criteria prescribed by applicable regulation and the rules of the SEC for audit committee membership. Each AuditCommittee member also meets NASDAQ’s financial literacy requirements. Matthew C. Los serves as Chair of the Audit Committee.Our Board of Directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is the “audit committee financial expert” as such term is defined in Item 407(d) of Regulation SKpromulgated by the SEC and also meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements.The Audit Committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our Company. The Audit Committee isresponsible for, among other things:●the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the independent auditor;●reviewing and preapproving all auditing services and permissible nonaudit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed by theindependent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed relatedparty transactions;●discussing the interim and annual financial statements with management and our independent auditors;●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor (a) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls, (b) theCompany’s internal audit procedures, and (c) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, and managementreports thereon;65Table of Contents●reviewing reported violations of the Company’s code of conduct and business ethics; and●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor various topics and events that may have significant financial impact on theCompany or that are the subject of discussions between management and the independent auditors.D.EmployeesAs of December 31, 2018, we employed 370 fulltime employees. The following table sets forth the number of our fulltime employees by function. FunctionNumber ofEmployeesManagement and Administration28Marketing, Sales and Distribution18Design and Product Development20Production281Procurement, Warehousing and Logistics19Quality and Assurance7TOTAL370We believe that we have maintained a satisfactory working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any significant labor disputes or anydifficulty in recruiting staff for company’s operations. None of company’s employees is represented by a labor union.Our employees in China participate in a state pension plan organized by Chinese municipal and provincial governments. The company is required to make monthlycontributions to the plan for each employee at the rate of 23% of his or her average assessable salary. In addition, the company is required by Chinese law to coveremployees in China with various types of social insurance. The company believes that it is in material compliance with the relevant PRC laws.E.Share OwnershipThe following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of each class of our voting securities as of April 26, 2019 (i) by each person who is knownby us to beneficially own more than 5% of our voting securities; (ii) by each of our officers and directors; and (iii) by all of our officers and directors as a group.NameOffice, If AnyTitle of ClassAmount andNature ofBeneficialOwnership(1)Percent ofClass(2)Officers and DirectorsKeyan Yan(3)Chairman, CEO and PresidentCommon Stock964,32037.21%Lixia TuChief Financial Officer and DirectorCommon Stock60,0002.32%Themis KalapotharakosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%John SanoDirectorCommon Stock5,0000.19%Matthew C. LosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%Zhongmin ZhangDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%Yuet Mei ChanDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%All officers and directors as a group (7 personsnamed above)1,129,32043.58%5% Security HoldersKeyan Yan (3)Common Stock964,32037.21%Alliance Investment Management Limited(4)Common Stock195,488(4)7.54%*Less than 1%(1)Beneficial Ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Eachof the beneficial owners listed above has direct ownership of and sole voting power and investment power with respect to our common stock.66Table of Contents(2)As of April 26, 2019, a total of 2,591,299 shares of commons stock are considered to be outstanding pursuant to SEC Rule 13d3(d)(1). For each Beneficial Ownerabove, any securities that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days have been included in the denominator.(3)Includes 20,000 shares of common stock owned by Bizhen Chen, Mr. Yan’s wife.(4)Based solely on Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on August 8, 2018, in which Alliance Investment Management reported it has sole voting and dispositivepower with respect to 195,488 shares of our common stock. The address of the reporting person is 7 Belmont Road, Kingston, Jamaica.None of our existing shareholders has voting rights that differ from the voting rights of other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at asubsequent date, result in our change in control.ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSA.Major ShareholdersPlease refer to Item 6 “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.”B.Related Party TransactionsFrom time to time, KBS and its subsidiaries borrowed money from our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Keyan Yan, to pay for Company expenses. Theseamounts are interestfree, unsecured and repayable on demand. In years 2017 and 2016, Mr. Yan paid all the Company expenses in connection with the Company’sNasdaq continued listing and SEC reporting out of his pocket. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of these amounts we borrowed from Mr. Yan was$485,302 and $35,483, respectively.C.Interests of Experts and CounselNot applicable.ITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATIONA.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial InformationFinancial StatementsWe have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this report. See Item 18 “Financial Statements.”Legal Proceedings We may be subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our business from time to time. We are currently not party to anylegal or arbitration proceedings, including those relating to bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings and those involving any third party, which may have, orhave had in the recent past, significant effects on our financial position or profitability.Dividend PolicyTo date, we have not paid any cash dividends on our shares. As a Marshall Islands company, we may only declare and pay dividends except when the corporationis insolvent or would thereby be made insolvent or when the declaration or payment would be contrary to any restrictions contained in our Articles ofIncorporation. Dividends may be declared and paid out of surplus only; but in case there is no surplus, dividends may be declared or paid out of the net profits forthe fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and for the preceding fiscal year. We currently anticipate that we will retain any available funds to finance thegrowth and operation of our business and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our cash held in foreign countriesmay be subject to certain control limitations or repatriation requirements, limiting our ability to use this cash to pay dividends.67Table of ContentsB.Significant ChangesNo significant change has occurred since the date of our consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTINGA.Offer and Listing DetailsOur common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market and trade under the symbol “KBSF.” Between January 23, 2013 and November 3, 2014, our commonstock was traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “AQU.” Our Warrants and Units are quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “KBSFW”and “KBSFU”, respectively. Prior to November 3, 2014, our Warrants and Units were quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “AQUUF” and “AQUUU”,respectively. Before their quotation on the OTC Markets, our Units commenced to trade on the Nasdaq Stock Market on October 26, 2012 and our Warrantscommenced to trade separately from its Units on January 23, 2013.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.Approximate Number of Holders of Our SecuritiesOn April 26, 2019, there was 1 holder of record of our Units, 359 shareholders of record of our common stock and 1 holder of record of our Warrants. Certain of oursecurities are held in nominee or street name so the actual number of beneficial owners of our securities is greater than the number of record holders set forth above.B.Plan of DistributionNot applicable.C.MarketsSee our disclosures above under “A. Offer and Listing Details.”D.Selling ShareholdersNot applicable. E.DilutionNot applicable.F.Expenses of the IssueNot applicable.68Table of ContentsITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONA.Share CapitalOur Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation authorize the Company to issue up to 155,000,000 shares with a par value of $0.0001, consisting of 150,000,000shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of date of this report, there are 2,591,299 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Wehave never issued any preferred stock.●As of date of this report, we have 717 IPO Units outstanding.●As of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding (including 369,302 IPO Warrants and 24,534 Placement Warrants), each warrant entitles theholder to purchase one share of common stock at a purchase price of $172.5.B.Memorandum and Articles of AssociationThe following represents a summary of certain key provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. The summary does not purport to be a summary of allof the provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. For more complete information you should read our amended and restated articles ofincorporation and bylaws, each listed as an exhibit to this report.We were incorporated in the Marshall Islands on January 26, 2012 under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BCA”). The purpose of the Company isto engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may now or hereafter be organized under the BCA. Our amended and restated articles of incorporationand bylaws do not impose any limitations on the ownership rights of our stockholders.Description of Common StockEach outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Upon our dissolution, liquidation orwinding up of the affairs of the Company, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidationpreferences, if any, the holders or our common stock will be entitled to receive pro rata our remaining assets available for distribution. Holders of common stock donot have conversion, redemption or preemptive rights to subscribe to any of our securities.Blank Check Preferred Stock.Our Board of Directors is authorized, without any further vote or action by our stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in different classesand series and, with respect to each class or series, to determine the designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights,conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the powers and rights associated with the common stock,at such times and on such other terms as they think proper. Our Board of Directors may issue shares of preferred stock on terms calculated to discourage, delay orprevent a change of control of our company or the removal of our management.WarrantsAs of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding, among which 369,302 warrants were issued to the public in our IPO (the “IPO Warrants”). Each ofthe IPO Warrants entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.5 expiring on July 31, 2019, provided that there is an effectiveregistration statement covering the shares of common stock underlying the IPO Warrants.69Table of ContentsThe Company may redeem the IPO Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon 30 days’ notice, after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, only inthe event that the last sale price of the shares of common stock is at least $17.50 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30trading day period (“30Day TradingPeriod”) ending three business days prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is a current registration statement in effect with respectto the shares of common stock underlying such IPO Warrants throughout the 30day redemption period. The Company is only required to use its best efforts tomaintain the effectiveness of the registration statement covering the underlying common stock of the IPO Warrants. There are no contractual penalties for failure todeliver securities if a registration statement is not effective at the time of exercise. Additionally, in the event that a registration statement is not effective at the time ofexercise, the holder of such warrant shall not be entitled to exercise such warrant for cash and in no event (whether in the case of a registration statement not beingeffective or otherwise) will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrant exercise.In addition, Aqua Investments Corp., an entity controlled by certain founding shareholders of the Company, acquired 24,534 warrants, each entitles the holder topurchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50, expiring on July 31, 2019 (the “Placement Warrants”). The Placement Warrants are identical to the IPOWarrants except that the Placement Warrants (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis; (ii) will not be redeemable by the Company and (ii) may beexercised even if there is not an effective registration statement relating to the shares underlying the warrants, so long as they are held by the initial purchaser orany of its permitted transferees.As of date of this report, we also have 717 IPO Units outstanding and publicly trading, each including one IPO Warrant and one share of our common stock.DirectorsThe business and affairs of the Company are managed by or under the direction of our Board of Directors.Our directors are elected by the holders of the shares representing a majority of the total voting power of the thenoutstanding capital stock of the Company entitledto vote generally in the election of directors (“Voting Stock”). Our amended and restated articles of incorporation provide that cumulative voting shall not be used toelect directors. Each director will be elected to serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his/her successor shall have been duly elected andqualified, except in the event of his/her death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of his/her term of office.Any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of thetotal voting power of the Voting Stock entitled to vote thereon or with cause by directors constituting at least twothirds of the entire Board.Vacancies in the Board of Directors occurring by death, resignation, the creation of new directorships, the failure of the shareholders to elect the whole board at anyannual election of directors, or, except as herein provided, for any other reason, including removal of directors for cause, may be filled either by the affirmative voteof a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, at any special meeting called for that purpose or at any regular meeting of theBoard. Vacancies occurring by removal of directors without cause may be filled only by vote of the shareholders.Shareholder MeetingsAnnual stockholder meetings will be held at a time and place selected by our board of directors. The meetings may be held in or outside of the Marshall Islands.Under our amended and restated articles of incorporation, special meetings may be called by the board of directors, or by the secretary of the Company requestedby stockholders representing certain amount of voting power. Our board of directors shall give not less than 15 days and not more than 60 days prior written noticeof a shareholders’ meeting to each shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat and to each shareholder of record who, by reason of any action proposed at suchmeeting would be entitled to have his/her shares appraised if such action were taken, and the notice shall include a statement of that purpose and to that effect.Our bylaws provide that a meeting of shareholders is duly constituted if, at the commencement of the meeting, there are shareholders present in person or by proxyrepresenting not less than a majority of the votes of the shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on resolutions of shareholders to be considered at themeeting.70Table of ContentsIf a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of stock represented at the meeting will be the act of the shareholders. At any meeting ofshareholders, each shareholder entitled to vote any shares on any manner to be voted upon at such meeting shall be entitled to one vote on such matter for eachsuch share. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the action so taken, issigned by all the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof.Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal and Payment.Under the BCA, our stockholders have the right to dissent from various corporate actions, including any merger or sale of all or substantially all of our assets notmade in the usual course of our business, and receive payment of the fair value of their shares. However, the right of a dissenting stockholder to receive payment ofthe fair value of his or her shares shall not be available for any shares of stock of the constituent corporation surviving a merger if the merger did not require for itsapproval the vote of the stockholders of the surviving corporation. In the event of any further amendment of our articles of incorporation, a stockholder also has theright to dissent and receive payment for his or her shares if the amendment alters certain rights in respect of those shares. The dissenting stockholder must followthe procedures set forth in the BCA to receive payment. In the event that we and any dissenting stockholder fail to agree on a price for the shares, the BCAprocedures involve, among other things, the institution of proceedings in the circuit court in the judicial circuit in the Marshall Islands in which our Marshall Islandsoffice is situated. The value of the shares of the dissenting stockholder is fixed by the court after reference, if the court so elects, to the recommendations of a courtappointed appraiser.Stockholders’ Derivative ActionsUnder the BCA, any of our stockholders may bring an action in our name to procure a judgment in our favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that thestockholder bringing the action is a holder of common stock both at the time the derivative action is commenced and at the time of the transaction to which theaction relates.Indemnification of Officers and DirectorsThe BCA authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors and officers to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages forbreaches of directors’ fiduciary duties. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation include a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors formonetary damages for actions taken as a director to the fullest extent permitted by law. We must indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorizedby law. We are also expressly authorized to advance certain expenses (including attorneys’ fees and disbursements and court costs) to our directors and offices andcarry directors’ and officers’ insurance providing indemnification for our directors, officers and certain employees for some liabilities.The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws may discourage stockholders frombringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigationagainst directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. In addition, your investment may beadversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.C.Material ContractsWe have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in Item 4 “Information on theCompany,” Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations,” Item 7 “Major Shareholders and RelatedParty Transactions,” or filed (or incorporated by reference) as exhibits to this annual report or otherwise described or referenced in this annual report.D.Exchange ControlsMarshall Islands Exchange ControlsUnder Marshall Islands law, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect theremittance of dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our shares.71Table of ContentsBVI Exchange ControlsThere are no material exchange controls restrictions on payment of dividends, interest or other payments to the holders of our common stock or on the conduct ofour operations in the BVI, where we were incorporated. There are no material BVI laws that impose any material exchange controls on us or that affect the paymentof dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our common stock. BVI law and our memorandum and articles of association do not impose anymaterial limitations on the right of nonresidents or foreign owners to hold or vote our common stock.PRC Exchange ControlsRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued bySAFE and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade and service payments, payment ofinterest and dividends can be made without prior approval from SAFE by following the appropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMBinto foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRC for the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments,loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from SAFE or its local office.On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency Management Policy on Direct Investment, effective fromJune 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investmentfrom SAFE. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for the purpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed withqualified banks, which, under the supervision of SAFE, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise, or SAFE Circular 19,was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to SAFE Circular 19, a foreigninvested enterprise may, according to its actualbusiness needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchange bureau has confirmedmonetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the time being, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shall truthfully use itscapital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equity investment with theamount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open a corresponding Account forForeign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming andRegulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or SAFE Circular 16, was promulgated and became effective on June 9,2016. According to SAFE Circular 16, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreign currency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionarybasis. SAFE Circular 16 provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items (including but not limited to foreigncurrency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. SAFE Circular 16 reiterates the principle thatRenminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope andmay not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guarantee the principal within the PRCunless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless it is within the businessscope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Optimizing Genuineness and ComplianceVerification, or SAFE Circular 3, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits from domestic entities tooffshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution, original copies oftax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses before remitting any profits.Moreover, pursuant to SAFE Circular 3, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provide boardresolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.72Table of ContentsRegulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsSAFE issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special PurposeVehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issues Concerning theRegulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles, to regulateforeign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investment and financing orconduct round trip investment in China. SAFE Circular 37 defines a SPV as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly or indirectly, by PRC residents orentities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets or interests, while “round tripinvestment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through SPVs, namely, establishing foreigninvested enterprises to obtain theownership, control rights and management rights. SAFE Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into an SPV, PRC residents or entities be required tocomplete foreign exchange registration with SAFE or its local branch. In addition, SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving theAdministration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended SAFE Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015,requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.PRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to SPVs but had not obtained registration as required before theimplementation of the SAFE Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the SPVs with qualified banks. An amendment to the registration isrequired if there is a material change with respect to the SPV registered, such as any change of basic information (including change of the PRC residents, name andoperation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers or divisions. Failure to comply with the registrationprocedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclose controllers of the foreigninvestedenterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to itsoffshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities to penalties under PRC foreignexchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companiesby PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRCsubsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansSAFE promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan ofOverseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issued by SAFE in March 2007. Pursuant tothe Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residents participating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted companyare required to register with SAFE or its local branches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents mustconduct the SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of theoverseas publicly listed company or another qualified institution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevantSAFE registration should there be any material change to the stock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of thePRC residents who have the right to exercise the employee stock options, apply to SAFE or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreigncurrencies in connection with the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the saleof shares under the stock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRCopened by the PRC agents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.73Table of ContentsWe adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We have advised therecipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice. However, wecannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subjectthe PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016 respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014 respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our BVI holding company may rely on dividend payments from IST,which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on the ability of ourconsolidated VIEs to make remittance to IST and on the ability of IST to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations ofthose entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends andother distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you,and otherwise fund and conduct our business”E.TaxationThe following is a general summary of the material Marshall Islands, Hong Kong, BVI, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to an investmentin our units, shares of common stock and warrants to acquire our shares of common stock, sometimes referred to collectively in this summary as our “securities”.The discussion is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal or tax advice to any particular prospective purchaser. The discussion is based on lawsand relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change or different interpretations, possibly withretroactive effect. The discussion does not address United States state or local tax laws, or tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Marshall Islands, Hong Kong,the BVI, the PRC and the United States. We recommend that you consult your own tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquisition, ownership anddisposition of our securities.Marshall Islands TaxationThe following are the material Marshall Islands tax consequences of our activities to us and to our stockholders and warrant holders of investing in our CommonStock and warrants. Under current Marshall Islands law, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains, and no Marshall Islands withholding tax or income taxwill be imposed upon payments of dividends by us to our stockholders or proceeds from the disposition of our common stock and warrants, provided suchstockholders or warrant holders, as the case may be, are not residents in the Marshall Islands. There is no tax treaty between the United States and the Republic ofthe Marshall Islands.BVI TaxationThe BVI does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid to us by our BVI subsidiary, nor does the BVI levy any capital gains or income taxes on us or our BVIsubsidiary. However, our BVI subsidiary is required to pay the BVI government an annual license fee based on the number of shares it is authorized to issue.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the BVI.74Table of ContentsHong Kong TaxationOur Hong Kong subsidiaries, under the current laws of Hong Kong, are subject to profits tax of 16.5%. No provision for Hong Kong profits tax has been made asour Hong Kong subsidiaries have no taxable income.PRC TaxationWe are a holding company incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which indirectly holds our equity interests in our PRC operating subsidiaries. The EIT Law and itsimplementation rules, both of which became effective as of January 1, 2008, provide that a PRC enterprise is subject to a standard income tax rate of 25% and Chinasourced income of foreign enterprises, such as dividends paid by a PRC subsidiary to its overseas parent, will normally be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of10%, unless there are applicable treaties between the overseas parent’s jurisdiction of incorporation and China to reduce such rate.Under the Arrangement between the Mainland and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention ofFiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, or the Double Taxation Arrangement, effective as of January 1, 2007, such dividend withholding tax rate is reducedto 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns over 25% of the PRC company distributing the dividends. Under the aforesaid arrangement, any dividends that ourPRC operating subsidiaries pay to their Hong Kong holding companies may be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 5% if they are not considered to be a PRC“resident enterprise” as described below. However, if the Hong Kong holdings companies are not considered to be the “beneficial owner” of such dividends underthe Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties promulgated by the State Administration of Taxation on October 27,2009 (and not a PRC “resident enterprise”), such dividends would be subject to the withholding tax rate of 10%. The withholding tax rate of 5% or 10% applicablewill have a significant impact on the amount of dividends to be received by us and ultimately by shareholders.According to the Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties, the term “beneficial owner” refers to a person who hasthe right to own and dispose of the income and the rights or properties generated from the said income. The “beneficial owner” may be an individual, a company orany other organization which is usually engaged in substantial business operations. A conduit company is not a “beneficial owner.” The term “conduit company”refers to a company which is usually established for purposes of dodging or reducing taxes, and transferring or accumulating profits. Such a company is onlyregistered in the country of domicile to satisfy the organizational form as required by law, but it does not engage in such substantial business operations asmanufacturing, distribution and management. As our Hong Kong holding companies are controlling companies and are not engaged in substantial businessoperations, they could be considered as conduit companies by tax authorities and we do not expect them to be a beneficial owner.In addition to the changes to the current tax structure, under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto management bodies” withinChina is considered a resident enterprise and will normally be subject to an EIT of 25% on its global income. The implementing rules define the term “de factomanagement bodies” as “an establishment that exercises, in substance, overall management and control over the production, business, personnel, accounting, etc.,of a Chinese enterprise.”It remains unclear whether the PRC tax authorities would require or permit our overseas registered entities to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. We do notcurrently consider our company to be a PRC resident enterprise. However, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterpriseincome tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on ourworldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on offering proceedsand nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although under the EIT Law and its implementing rulesdividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued guidance with respect to the processing ofoutbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidance issuedwith respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation in which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to our nonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC shareholders from transferring our shares.75Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income TaxationThe following is a discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our securities. It does notpurport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s situation. The discussion applies only toholders that hold their securities as capital assets (generally property held for investment) within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based on the Code, income tax regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial positions, published positions of theInternal Revenue Service, or the IRS, and other applicable authorities, all as in effect as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly withretroactive effect. This discussion is general in nature and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations, nor does the discussion address any state, local orforeign tax considerations or any U.S. tax considerations (e.g., estate or gift tax) other than U.S. federal income tax considerations, that may be applicable toparticular holders.This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant in light of particular circumstances, nor does it address the U.S.federal income tax consequences to persons who are subject to special rules under U.S. federal income tax law, including:●banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions;●persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;●taxexempt organizations;●controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid United States federal incometax;●certain former citizens or longterm residents of the United States;●dealers in securities or currencies;●traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting for their securities holdings;●persons that own, or are deemed to own, more than five percent of our capital stock;●holders who acquired our stock as compensation or pursuant to the exercise of a stock option; or●persons who hold our shares as a position in a hedging transaction, “straddle,” or other risk reduction transaction.For purposes of this discussion, a U.S. holder is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (ii) acorporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States (or treated assuch under applicable U.S. tax laws), any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardlessof its source; or (iv) a trust if (a) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have theauthority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) it has a valid election in effect under applicable law and regulations to be treated as a U.S. person forU.S. federal income tax purposes. A nonU.S. holder is a holder that is neither a U.S. holder nor a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S.federal income tax purposes.In the case of a partnership or entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally willdepend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal incometax consequences to them of the merger or of the ownership and disposition of our shares.As a result of consummation of the Share Exchange, (i) we acquired substantially all the properties of KBS International, a U.S. corporation, and (ii) the formershareholders of KBS International held at least 80 percent of our common stock by reason of having held stock of KBS International. Accordingly, under Section7874 of the Code, we are treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as a U.S. corporation and, among other consequences, are subject to U.S. federal income tax on ourworldwide income. This discussion assumes that Section 7874 of the Code continues to apply to treat us as a U.S. corporation for all purposes under the Code. If,for some reason (e.g., future repeal of Section 7874 of the Code), we were no longer treated as a U.S. corporation under the Code, the U.S. federal income taxconsequences described herein could be materially and adversely affected.76Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. HoldersDistributionsIn the event that distributions are paid on our common stock, the gross amount of such distributions will be included in the gross income of the U.S. holder asdividend income on the date of receipt to the extent that the distribution is paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federalincome tax principles. Such dividends will be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Dividends received by noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, may be subject to reduced rates of taxation under current law. A U.S. holdermay be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed on dividends paid by us. However, the foreign tax credit rules arecomplex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 of the Code and the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and theGovernment of the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, or theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty, is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may be entitled to underthe foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.To the extent that dividends paid on our common stock exceed current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distributions will be treated first as a taxfree returnof tax basis on our common stock, and to the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds tax basis, the excess will be treated as gain from the disposition ofthose common stock. Because Section 7874 of the Code has applied to treat us as a U.S. corporation only since consummation of the Share Exchange in 2014, wemay not be able to demonstrate to the IRS the extent to which a distribution on our common stock exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (asdetermined under U.S. federal income tax principles), in which case all of such distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.Sale or Other DispositionU.S. holders of our common stock will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of common stock equal to the differencebetween the amount realized for the common stock and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the common stock. This gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss. Undercurrent law, noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, are eligible for reduced tax rates if the common stock has been held for more than one year. Thedeductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. A U.S. holder may be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed ongain from the sale or other disposition of common stock. However, the foreign tax credit rules are complex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 ofthe Code and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may beentitled to under the foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Unearned Income Medicare ContributionCertain U.S. holders who are individuals, trusts or estates are required to pay an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on, among other things, dividends on and capitalgains from the sale or other disposition of shares of stock. U.S. holders should consult their own advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this rule on their ownershipand disposition of our common stock.U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for NonU.S. HoldersDistributionsThe rules applicable to nonU.S. holders for determining the extent to which distributions on our common stock, if any, constitute dividends for U.S. federal incometax purposes are the same as for U.S. holders. See “–U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. Holders– Distributions.”77Table of ContentsAny dividends paid to a nonU.S. holder by us are treated as income derived from sources within the United States and generally will be subject to U.S. federalincome tax withholding at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends, or at a lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty if nonU.S. holdersprovide proper certification of eligibility for the lower rate (usually on IRS Form W8BEN or W8BENE). Dividends received by a nonU.S. holder that are effectivelyconnected with such holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business (and, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained bythe nonU.S. holder in the U.S.) are exempt from such withholding tax, provided that applicable certification requirements are satisfied. In such case, however, nonU.S. holders will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such dividends, net of certain deductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. In addition, corporatenonU.S. holders may be subject to an additional branch profits tax equal to 30% or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable tax treaty on dividendsreceived that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.If nonU.S. holders are eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, such nonU.S. holders may obtain a refund ofany excess amounts withheld by filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.Sale or Other DispositionExcept as described below for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, any gain realized by a nonU.S. holder upon the saleor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:criminal liability in serious cases.According to the PRC Product Quality Law, consumers or other victims who suffer injury or property losses due to product defects may demand compensation fromthe manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the corresponding amount from the manufacturer if the manufactureris responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Relating to Consumer ProtectionThe principal legal provisions for the protection of consumer interests are set forth in the Law of the PRC on Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests, or theConsumer Protection Law, which was promulgated in October 1993 amended in October 2013. The Consumer Protection Law sets forth standards of behavior thatbusinesses must observe in their dealings with consumers.Violations of the Consumer Protection Law may result in the imposition of fines. In addition, the violating entity may be ordered to suspend its operations, and itsbusiness license may be revoked. There may also be criminal liability in serious cases.According to the Consumer Protection Law, if the legal rights and interests of a consumer are violated during the purchase or use of goods, the consumer may seekcompensation from the seller. If the manufacturer or an upstream distributor is responsible, after compensating the consumer, the seller may recover thecorresponding amount from the manufacturer or the upstream distributor. Consumers or other persons who suffer personal injury or property damages due todefects in products may seek compensation from the manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the correspondingamount from the manufacturer if the manufacturer is responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Related to TrademarksThe PRC Trademark Law, adopted in 1982 and revised in 2001 and 2013, protects the proprietary rights to registered trademarks. The Trademark Office under theState Administration of Industry and Commerce handles trademark registration and grants a term of ten years to registered trademarks and another ten years totrademarks as requested upon expiry of the prior term. Trademark license agreements and transfer agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record.37Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Environmental MattersOur facilities are subject to various governmental regulations related to environmental protection. We use a myriad of chemicals in our operations and produceemissions that could pose environmental risks. Our manufacturing facilities are subject to various pollution control regulations with respect to noise, water and airpollution and the disposal of waste and hazardous materials, including, China’s Environmental Protection Law, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Appraisingof Environment Impacts, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of AirPollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution, and China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of NoisePollution. We are subject to periodic inspections by local environmental protection authorities.We did not incur material costs in environmental compliance in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016. We believe we are in material compliance with the relevant PRCenvironmental laws and regulations. We are not currently subject to any pending actions alleging any violations of applicable PRC environmental laws.Regulations Related to EmploymentThe PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law require that employers must execute written employment contracts with fulltime employees. All employers mustcompensate their employees with wages equal to at least the local minimum wage standards. Violations of the PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law may resultin the imposition of fines and other administrative sanctions, and serious violations may constitute criminal offences.On December 28, 2012, the PRC Labor Contract Law was amended with effect on July 1, 2013 to impose more stringent requirements on labor dispatch. Under suchlaw, dispatched workers are entitled to pay equal to that of fulltime employees for equal work, but the number of dispatched workers that an employer hires may notexceed a certain percentage of its total number of employees as determined by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Additionally, dispatchedworkers are only permitted to engage in temporary, auxiliary or substitute work. According to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch promulgated by theMinistry of Human Resources and Social Security on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014, the number of dispatched workers hired by anemployer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees (including both directly hired employees and dispatched workers). The Interim Provisions onLabor Dispatch require employers not in compliance with the PRC Labor Contract Law in this regard to reduce the number of its dispatched workers to below 10% ofthe total number of its employees prior to March 1, 2016.Enterprises in China are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in certain employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pensionplan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a workrelated injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund,and contribute to the plans or funds in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of the employees as specified by thelocal government from time to time at locations where they operate their businesses or where they are located. The enterprise may be ordered to pay the full amountwithin a deadline if it fails to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans and may be subject to fines and other administrative sanctions.Regulations Relating to Foreign ExchangeRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued by theState Administration of Foreign Exchange and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade andservice payments, payment of interest and dividends can be made without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange by following theappropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRCfor the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange or its local office.38Table of ContentsOn February 13, 2015, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency ManagementPolicy on Direct Investment, effective from June 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign directinvestment and overseas direct investment from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for thepurpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed with qualified banks, which, under the supervision of the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to this Circular, a foreigninvested enterprise may,according to its actual business needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchangebureau has confirmed monetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the timebeing, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shalltruthfully use its capital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equityinvestment with the amount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open acorresponding Account for Foreign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of theState Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts waspromulgated and became effective on June 9, 2016. According to this Circular, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreigncurrency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionary basis. This Circular provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items(including but not limited to foreign currency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. ThisCircular reiterates the principle that Renminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposesbeyond its business scope and may not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guaranteethe principal within the PRC unless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless itis within the business scope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration andOptimizing Genuineness and Compliance Verification, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits fromdomestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution,original copies of tax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses beforeremitting any profits. Moreover, pursuant to this Circular, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provideboard resolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and RoundtripInvestment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Issues Concerning the Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore SpecialPurpose Vehicles, to regulate foreign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investmentand financing or conduct round trip investment in China. Circular 37 defines a “special purpose vehicle” as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly orindirectly, by PRC residents or entities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets orinterests, while “round trip investment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through special purpose vehicles, namely, establishingforeigninvested enterprises to obtain the ownership, control rights and management rights. Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into a specialpurpose vehicle, PRC residents or entities be required to complete foreign exchange registration with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranch. In addition, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the ForeignExchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015, requiring PRC residents or entities toregister with qualified banks rather than the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.39Table of ContentsPRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to special purpose vehicles but had not obtained registration asrequired before the implementation of the Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the special purpose vehicles with qualified banks. Anamendment to the registration is required if there is a material change with respect to the special purpose vehicle registered, such as any change of basic information(including change of the PRC residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers ordivisions. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclosecontrollers of the foreigninvested enterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchangeactivities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, sharetransfer or liquidation, to its offshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities topenalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating toinvestments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our abilityto inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic IndividualsParticipating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issuedby the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in March 2007. Pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residentsparticipating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted company are required to register with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents must conduct the registration and other procedures withrespect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of the overseas publicly listed company or another qualifiedinstitution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevant registration should there be any material change to thestock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of the PRC residents who have the right to exercise the employeestock options, apply to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreign currencies in connectionwith the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the sale of shares under thestock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRC opened by the PRCagents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.We have adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we will have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We haveadvised the recipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.However, we cannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock IncentivePlan Notice. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plansmay subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016, respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014, respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our Marshall Islands holding company may rely on dividend paymentsfrom Hongri PRC, which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on theability of our other PRC subsidiaries to make remittance to Hongri PRC and on the ability of Hongri PRC to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cashgenerated by the operations of those entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We rely to a significant extent on dividends and otherdistributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiary to fund offshore cash and financing requirements.”40Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Overseas ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the StateOwned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective onSeptember 8, 2006 and was amended on June 22, 2009. These regulations, among other things, require that (i) PRC entities or individuals obtain approval from theMinistry of Commerce before they establish or control a special purpose vehicle overseas, provided that they intend to use the special purpose vehicle to acquiretheir equity interests in a PRC company at the consideration of newly issued share of the special purpose vehicle, or Share Swap, and list their equity interests in thePRC company overseas by listing the special purpose vehicle in an overseas market; (ii) the special purpose vehicle obtains approval from the Ministry ofCommerce before it acquires the equity interests held by the PRC entities or PRC individual in the PRC company by Share Swap; and (iii) the special purpose vehicleobtains China Securities Regulatory Commission approval before it lists overseas. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The approval ofthe China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with this offering under a PRC regulation. The regulation also establishes more complexprocedures for acquisitions conducted by foreign investors that could make it more difficult for us to grow through acquisitions.”Regulations Relating to TaxationDividend Withholding TaxIn March 2007, the National People’s Congress enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law which became effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on February 24,2017. According to Enterprise Income Tax Law, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a foreigninvested enterprise in China to its foreignenterprise investors are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that providesfor a preferential withholding arrangement. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Negotiated Reduction of Dividends and Interest Rates,issued on January 29, 2008 and supplemented and revised on February 29, 2008, and the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, which became effective onDecember 8, 2006 and applicable to income derived in any year of assessment commencing on or after April 1, 2007 in Hong Kong and in any year commencing on orafter January 1, 2007 in the PRC, such withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong enterprise is deemed the beneficial owner of any dividend paid by aPRC subsidiary by PRC tax authorities and holds at least 25% of the equity interest in that particular PRC subsidiary at all times within the 12month periodimmediately prior to the distribution of the dividends. Furthermore, pursuant to the Announcement on Issues concerning “Beneficial Owners” in Tax Treaties issuedon February 3, 2018 by the State Administration of Taxation, when determining the status of “beneficial owners,” a comprehensive analysis may be conductedthrough materials such as articles of association, financial statements, records of capital flows, minutes of board of directors, resolutions of board of directors,allocation of manpower and material resources, the relevant expenses, functions and risk assumption, loan contracts, royalty contracts or transfer contracts, patentregistration certificates and copyright certificates, etc. However, even if an applicant has the status as a “beneficiary owner,” if the competent tax authority findsnecessity to apply the principal purpose test clause in the tax treaties or the general antitax avoidance rules stipulated in domestic tax laws, the general antitaxavoidance provisions shall apply.Enterprise Income TaxIn December 2007, the State Council promulgated the Implementing Rules of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008. TheEnterprise Income Tax Law and its relevant implementing rules (i) impose a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate, which is applicable to both foreigninvestedenterprises and domestic enterprises (ii) permits companies to continue to enjoy their existing tax incentives, subject to certain transitional phaseout rules and(iii) introduces new tax incentives, subject to various qualification criteria.41Table of ContentsThe Enterprise Income Tax Law also provides that enterprises organized under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies”located within China may be considered PRC resident enterprises and therefore be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwideincome. The implementing rules further define the term “de facto management body” as the management body that exercises substantial and overall managementand control over the production and operations, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. If an enterprise organized under the laws of jurisdictionoutside China is considered a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, itwould be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. Second, a 10% withholding tax would be imposed on dividends itpays to its nonPRC enterprise shareholders and with respect to gains derived by its nonPRC enterprise shareholders from transfer of its shares.On October 17, 2017, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Bulletin on Issues Concerning the Withholding of NonPRC Resident Enterprise Income Tax atSource, or Bulletin 37, which replaced the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by NonPRC Resident Enterprisesissued by the State Administration of Taxation on December 10, 2009, and partially replaced and supplemented rules under the Bulletin on Issues of EnterpriseIncome Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by NonPRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7, issued by the State Administration of Taxation on February 3, 2015.Under Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by nonPRC resident enterprises may be recharacterizedand treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose ofavoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. In respect of anindirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the relevant gain is to be regarded as effectively connected with the PRC establishment and thereforeincluded in its enterprise income tax filing, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relatesto the immoveable properties in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not effectively connected to a PRC establishment of a nonresident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax at 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similararrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Pursuant to Bulletin 37, the withholding party shalldeclare and pay the withheld tax to the competent tax authority in the place where such withholding party is located within seven days from the date of occurrenceof the withholding obligation. Both Bulletin 37 and Bulletin 7 do not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange wheresuch shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We and our existingshareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a Chinese establishmentof a nonChinese company, or immovable properties located in China owned by nonChinese companies.”ValueAdded TaxIn November 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Pilot Plan for Imposition of ValueAdded Tax to ReplaceBusiness Tax. In March 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation further promulgated the Notice on Fully Promoting the Pilot Plan forReplacing Business Tax by ValueAdded Tax. Pursuant to this Pilot Plan and the relevant notice, value added tax at a rate of 6% is generally imposed, on anationwide basis, on the revenue generated from the provision of service in lieu of business tax in the modern service industries. Value added tax of a rate of 6%applies to revenue derived from the provision of some modern services. Unlike business tax, a taxpayer is allowed to offset the qualified input value added tax paidon taxable purchases against the output value added tax chargeable on the modern services provided.C.Organizational StructureSee “—A. History and Development of the Company—Corporate Structure” above for details of our current organizational structure.42Table of ContentsD.Property, Plants and EquipmentOur company has established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31,2018, this network was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, our company’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The facilityhas a production capacity of 2 million pieces per year and we move in upon the completion of phase 2 in year 2015. By relocating from the coastal area to AnhuiProvince, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a more stable labor supply. We manufacture a variety of menswear products, including, jeans,shirts, suits and socks. Because of its variety and complexity in the production process, these products require special sewing machines and workmanship, whichwe currently do not possess. As a result, the Company is not yet able to produce KBS branded products and has outsourced its KBS branded productmanufacturing to other established ODM and OEM manufacturers in the Fujian and Zhejiang regions. The Company has completed the second phase constructionof its new factory at the end of 2014. The second phase has an annual production capacity of 5 million pieces subject to our purchasing additional equipment.Currently Anhui factory mainly produces OEM orders and some international orders.Our production facility consists of total 110,557 square meters of land. We obtained a portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square metersand 2,440 square meters in May 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildingsand offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need foradditional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of landhas been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Oncethe construction of the new production facilities is completed, our total production capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year fromthe current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.In 2016, we closed 1 corporate store and as of December 31, 2018, we leased the premises for our sole remaining corporate store. We have undertaken variousmeasures to verify the lessees’ rights to the property leased to us in respect of its stores. In China, all land is owned by the State or other governmental bodies, and“ownership” is generally evidenced by a land use rights certificate. We rent some stores that were located in rural areas where land use rights are held collectivelyby villages and records regarding the ownership of land use rights are frequently not kept. In these cases, the company has confirmed our ability to lease the storesthrough communications with village authorities, and has reviewed electricity and water bills to confirm utilities are being paid by the parties leasing the premises tous. Based on the results of these efforts, we believe the risk of third party claims against our leases of these stores is relatively small and the measures taken by ourcompany are sufficient to verify the land use rights for all of its stores.In addition, the property used as our head office and corporate store is leased from a related party, whose ownership of the property has been verified by ourcompany. We paid a total of RMB720,000, RMB 720,000, and RMB 720,000, as rental fees for the existing corporate stores during the fiscal years 2016, 2017 and 2018,respectively. The total area of these 2 corporate stores is 158 square meters. The sales of each store and its location are shown below:AreaSales in fiscalyear 2016(USD)Sales in fiscalyear 2017(USD)Sales in fiscalyear2018(USD)Shishi factory1,240,354.74772,299691,431Quanzhou Dayang (closed in 2016)470,280.90Total:1,710,635.64772,299691,43143Table of ContentsITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot required.ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSWe are engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of casual menswear in China, including apparel and accessories, which we market under the KBSbrand. The KBS brand was developed in 2006. Before 2012, we were engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of fashion sportswear in China. Sinceour products feature a unique and stylish design that is more fashionable than traditional sportswear, as well as quality fabrics and materials and the sportswearmarket was becoming more and more competitive, in late 2011 we turned our focus on casual menswear market which has higher profit margin. KBS’s apparelproducts include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, Jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, belts and caps. In 2016, the suggestedretail prices of KBS’s products ranged from RMB199 to RMB1,499 for its apparel products and RMB15 to RMB899 for its accessory products. KBS holds newproducts launch events twice every year, one in spring and the other in autumn. Since 2006, we have launched about 1,500,536 collections of new products eachyear with a different theme to highlight the current trends for the season. KBS’s marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese.” KBS’scustomers are male middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range, primarily located in tier two and tier three cities in China. The company has adopted “KBS” as auniform brand name, which stands for “Keep Best Style”, and KBS are designed by us for a uniform look and feel that fits our brand image, with instore displaysthat accentuate the quality and style of our products across all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. We believe that the KBSbrand has become a recognized brand name in the cities where their products are sold.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors. Thenumber of stores grew significantly from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006 to 31 corporate stores as of December 31, 2012 and 96franchised stores as of December 31, 2013, and decreased to 84 stores as of December 31, 2014. Because of the recent softening of economic growing in China andfierce competition from our competitors, online store sales of franchised stores and corporate stores went down in 2015 as compared with the previous year. In 2017and 2018, the distributors closed 15 and 8 franchised stores, respectively, and we closed 1 corporate store in year 2016. We generate more revenues from OEM in2018 and intend to generate more in OEM and target area from acquisitions.KBS also acts as an original design manufacturer, or ODM, upon request. Income from such services accounted for 14%, 7.3% and 9% of revenue for the yearsended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, KBS’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The company believesthat the shortage of labor and rising wage expectations in China, especially in the coastal area, could have a material impact on our operations as well as itssuppliers’ cost of manufacturing. By relocating from the coastal area to inland Anhui Province, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a morestable labor supply. Since the company’s original production team was not ready to produce the new style KBS products, KBS has outsourced its productmanufacturing to other established ODM manufacturers. As such, KBS’s own production facility in Taihu mainly takes OEM orders from other sportswearcompanies, like Xtep. Our production facility in Taihu, Anhui Province includes three parcels of land with a total area of 110,557 square meters. We have obtainedland use rights for two parcels of land with an area of 9,845 square meters in 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction ofthe adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire theland use right of the third parcel of land. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 can be continued. Once completed, our totalproduction capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year. We do not necessarilyrely on our own production facility to satisfy the demand of our products as we may outsource some or all of the production work to various ODM and OEMmanufacturers in China.44Table of ContentsA.Principal Factors Affecting Financial PerformanceOur operating results are primarily affected by the following factors:●Growth of China’s menswear industry. With approximately onefifth of the world’s population and a fastgrowing gross domestic product, Chinarepresents a significant growth opportunity for a wide variety of retail goods, including apparel. The enhanced living standards and increased disposableincome that has resulted from the vibrant economic growth has driven the rapid development of the men’s apparel market in China in recent years. China iscurrently one of the world’s largest men’s apparel markets. As a leading provider of casual menswear in China, we believe we are well positioned tocapitalize on the favorable economic, demographic and industry trends in this sector.●Brand recognition. We derive all of our revenues from sales of the KBS branded products in China, and our success depends on the market perceptionand acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture, lifestyle and images associated with this brand. Market acceptance of our brand may affect the sellingprices and market demand for our products, the profit margin of us can achieve, and our ability to grow.●Ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network. The ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in terms of floor area in our salesnetwork affects our results of operations in a given period. The franchised stores operated by our distributors have been and will continue to be the maincontributor to our revenue for the foreseeable future. Under the distribution business model, we sell directly to our distributors and recognize revenuesupon delivery of our products to them. Such distribution network has enabled us to accelerate sales growth at a much lower cost than opening direct storesand has limited our inventory and sales risks. Corporate stores operated by us, on the other hand, despite incurring more significant capital expenditures ascompared with franchised stores, allow us more control over our brand and the consumer’s shopping experience, which are important factors for the overallsuccess of our business. In addition, our corporate store sales generally have a higher gross profit margin than sales to distributors because we are able tosell the products at retail prices directly to the endconsumers and because we recognize expenses relating to our corporate stores as selling anddistribution expenses. Therefore, the ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network will affect our gross profit margin.●Product offering and pricing. Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define menswear trends as well as to anticipate, gauge andreact to changing consumer demands for menswear in a timely manner. Most of our products are subject to changing consumer preferences and fashiontrends that cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumer acceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, andour future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes.●Fluctuations in raw material supply and prices. The per unit cost of producing our products depends on the supply and price of raw materials,particularly fabrics such as cotton, wool and polyester, which have experienced volatility in past years. Increases in the price of raw materials wouldnegatively impact our gross margins if we are not able to offset such price increases through increases in our selling price or changes in product offeringsand mix.Financial Statement PresentationRevenue. During the periods covered by this section, we generated revenue from sales of our menswear products.45Table of ContentsCost of sales. During the periods covered by this section, our cost of sales primarily consisted of the costs of our outsourcing cost, raw materials, labor andoverhead. We did not have any inward or outward freight charges as these charges are borne by our distributors and suppliers.Gross profit and gross margin. For the periods covered by this section, our gross profit is equal to the difference between our net sales and cost of sales. Our grossmargin is equal to the gross profit divided by net sales. Our gross margin may not be comparable to those of other retail entities since some retail entities include allof their distribution network costs in cost of sales and others, like us, include these expenses in another statement of operations line item.Administrative expenses. For the periods covered by this section, general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to ourgeneral management, finance and administrative staff, professional advisor fees, audit fees and other expenses incurred in connection with general operations.Selling expenses. For the periods covered by this section, our selling and marketing expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to our sales andmarketing staff, store rent, business travel, coordination with distributor marketing and promotions, transportation costs and other sales related costs.Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, both in U.S. dollars and as apercentage of or revenue.Year endedDecember 31, 2018Year ended December 31, 2017Year ended December 31, 2016Amount% of SalesAmount% of SalesAmount% of SalesRevenue18,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales20,851,252112%35,274,352148%39,041,93295%Gross (loss)/profit2,316,13712%11,511,81648%2,158,2725%Operating expensesDistribution and selling expenses2,670,95514%3,265,38014%3,606,0109%Administrative expenses4,907,02026%4,879,39721%3,543,9939%Total operating expenses7,577,97541%8,144,77634%7,150,00317%Other income122,1391%461,5642%555,0511%Other gains and losses13,522,30073%122,2441%11,123,76727%Loss from operations23,294,273126%19,317,27281%15,560,44738%Finance costs96,4441%96,3850%71,7830%Change in fair value of warrant liabilities00%00%3,4090%Loss before tax23,390,717126%19,413,65782%15,628,82138%Income tax5,422,11929%4,598,06119%3,726,1339%Loss for the year17,968,59897%14,815,59662%11,902,68829%46Table of ContentsA breakdown of revenue, percentage of revenue and percentage of gross margin by segment for the respective periods is as follows:BybusinessDistribution networkCorporate storesOEMConsolidatedYear endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Sales toexternalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205% of Sales73%63%78%13%29%13%14%7%9%100%100%100%Segmentsgrossmargins2,245,9442,277,8586,623,6175,402,99414,291,6805,727,349845,700502,0071,262,0052,316,13611,511,8162,158,273Grossmarginrate17%15%21%227%205%104%33%29%36%12%48%5%Segment salesFor the year ended December 31, 2018, total revenue decreased by 22% from $23.8 million in 2017 to $18.5 million. Our total revenue of 2017 decreased by 33% from$41.2 million to $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company reports financial and operating results in three segments: distributor network,corporate stores and OEM.Distributor Network —Revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2018 decreased by 10% from $15 million in 2017 to $13 million primarily due to adecrease in sales volume. There was a decrease of revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2017 by 53% from $32.1 million in year 2016 primarily dueto a decrease in sales volume. The distributor segment accounted for 73% of the total revenue in 2018, compared to 63% and 78% during years 2017 and 2016,respectively.In year 2018, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network increased to 17% from 15% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price of newproducts. The sales went down in year 2018 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstockduring previous periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.47Table of ContentsIn year 2017, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network decreased to 15% from 21% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price, and thesales went down in year 2017 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstock duringprevious periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.The Company’s distributor network currently consists of 11 distributors in 12 provinces. Most of these distributors, either directly or through their subdistributors,operate KBSbranded stores. Some wholesale distributors sold the products to multibranded stores and online stores. As of December 31, 2018, distributorsoperated a total of 32 KBSbranded stores, primarily in second and third tier cities. KBS products distributed to the fourth and fifth tier cities are primarily sold inmultibranded department stores.Corporate Stores — Total revenue from corporate store sale for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $6.98 million for year 2017. In 2018 sales fromcorporate store decreased as compared to 2017 due to a decrease in promotion sales of repurchased inventory from certain distributors which are unable to pay offthe debts owed to us.Total revenue from corporate store sales for fiscal year 2017 was $6.98 million, compared to $5.53 million for year 2016. In 2017 sales from corporate stores increasedas compared to 2016 due to an increase in sales volume, which in turn was mainly attributable to the increase in promotion sales on repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors which are unable to pay off the debts owed to us.As of December 31, 2018, we operated 1 corporate store which located in Fujian. Total revenue from corporate store sales of 2018 decreased as compared to 2017because of the decrease the promotion sales of repurchased inventory.The corporate store segment contributed 14% of total revenue in 2018, compared to 29% of 2017 and 13% of 2016. Gross profit margin for the Company’s corporatestore was 232% in 2018, compared to 205% in 2017 and 104% in 2016. The margin compression from 2016 to 2018 is primarily due to: 1) close of 1 corporate store in2016 and the sale of its inventory at a lower price; 2) reduction of sale price of our goods in corporate stores to stimulate sales; 3) loss from sales of repurchasedinventory from certain distributors which sold at big discounted price in year 2017 and year 2018.OEM — The OEM segment is comprised of products that are designed by the customers but manufactured by us. Revenue from the OEM segment increased by$0.83 million to $2.57 million for year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017. Gross profit margin increased to 33%from 29% of year 2017. Revenue from the OEM segment decreased by $1.79 million to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $3.53 million foryear ended December 31, 2016. Gross profit margin decreased to 29% from 36% of year 2016. Our revenues from sales of OEM represented 14%, 9% and 9%,respectively of our total revenues for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.Cost of sales and gross profit rateCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for production purpose,outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges and water and electricity.Our cost of sales decreased from $35 million in year 2017 to $21 million in year 2018. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017.The gross profit rate increased from 48% in year 2017 to 12% in year 2018 due to 1) a decrease in the number of promotion sales in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, whichcaused a loss at RMB 40 million; 2) the higher price of updated new products and improvement of products quality; 3) higher profit margin of OEM segments due tolower amortized fixed fees from big orders from certain customers. In order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continuedoperation, we decided to continue to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors in 2018 and thereafter.48Table of ContentsOur cost of sales decreased from $39 million in year 2016 to $35 million in year 2017. The decrease was consistent with the decrease in our revenue, which resulted ina decrease in purchases by $7 million. The decrease in purchases was mainly due to a challenging retail environment and close of some stores.The gross profit rate decreased from 5% in year 2016 to 48% in year 2017 due to 1) a decrease in the number of our franchised stores from 55 as of December 31,2016 to 40 as of December 31, 2017; 2) in order to make more fair and friendly business environment for our all distributors, we adjusted our price policy to havesame price to our district distributors and province distributors in 2017, the price sell to the district distributor is lower than before. 3) a slowdown in demand inmenswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and our distributors faceddifficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 141.42 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million. Although we are not contractually obligated to buy back the excessiveinventory from any our distributors, in order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continued operation, we decided to do same in2017 to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors and we may implement similar plans in the following years.Administrative expensesAdministrative expenses increased by $0.02 million or 1% to $4.9 million for year 2018 from $4.88 million for 2017. The change was mainly due to the decrease ofoutsourcing design expense and the increase of the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Administrative expenses increased by $1.34 million or 37% to $4.88 million for year 2017 from $3.54 million for 2016. The increase was mainly due to the increase indesign staff expenses and the increase attributable to the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Distribution and selling expensesThe selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.59 million or 18% to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $ 3.2 million in 2017, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expense, products promotion expenses and entertainment expenses.The selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.34 million or 9.45% to $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $ 3.6 million in 2016, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expenses and promotion expense of products including placement order meeting expense.The advertisement expenses of 2018, 2017 and 2016 are relatively even and selling expenses accounted for 6.6%, 7.5% and 9% for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Other gains and lossesOther gains and losses increased by $13.4 million, or 10,875%, to $13.52 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $0.12 million for year 2017. The increasewas mainly due to the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value.Other gains and losses decreased by $11 million, or 98.9%, to $0.12 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $11.1 million for year 2016. The decrease wasmainly due to the fact that there was no additional provision on bad debts from three clients as in 2016.Profit for the yearWe had a loss of $18 million in 2018 as compared to a loss of $14.81 million for 2017, representing a decrease of profit of $3 million or 21%. Net margin was 97% forthe year ended December 31, 2018, compared to 62% for the year ended December 31, 2017.49Table of ContentsWe had a loss of $14.81 million in 2017 as compared to a loss of $11.9 million for 2016, representing a decrease of profit of $2.91 million or 25%. Net margin was 62%for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 29% for the year ended December 31, 2016.Profit for the year decreased from 2018 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons:(1)the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value (2) thedistribution and selling expenses decreased to a small portion of total revenue and the revenue also decreased compared to year ended December 31, 2017; (3) aslowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brands, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling products and paying back the balance owed to us. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 40 million.Profit for the year decreased from 2016 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons: (1) the administrative expenses increased to a large portion of total revenue; and(2) slowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 141.42 millionfrom certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million.B.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesAs of December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $21,026,103. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and cash in the banks. Webelieve that our current levels of cash and cash equivalent and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next12 months. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through net cash flow from operations. Our cash flows are driven by key performance indicatorsincluding the number of orders placed by distributors, number of outlets that each distributor operates the pricing of our products, sales of our corporate stores, andthe collect portion of account receivable. Currently there is only minimal cash held by offshore subsidiaries and there is no need for these subsidiaries to transfercash to Hongri PRC.The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this report:Fiscal Year Ended December 31201820172016Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(3,703,354)$1,922,252$3,194,287Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities52,932(865,365)45,445Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(3,907,291)(39,024)4,919,241Effects of exchange rate change in cash(1,117,062)1,513,138(1,556,980)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080Cash and cash equivalent at end of the period$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,34150Table of ContentsOperating ActivitiesThe net cash provided by operating activities consists of profit before tax, as adjusted by finance costs, change in fair value of warrant liabilities, interest income,shared based compensation, bad debt allowance, depreciation of property, plant and equipment, amortization of prepaid lease payment and trademark, amortizationof subsidies prepaid to distributors, amortization of prepayment and premiums under operating leases, provision(Reversal) of inventory obsolescence, provision ofimpairment loss in prepayments, loss(gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment, deferred income tax, which include trade and other receivables, prepaymentand deferred expenses, inventory, trade and other payables.Net cash used in operating activities in fiscal year 2018 was $3.7 million, compared with net cash provided by operating activities of $1.9 million in the year endedDecember 31, 2017. The change is mainly due to the increase of provision of Anhui property and the increase of deferred tax due to the loss of fiscal year 2018.Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.9 million, compared with $3.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2016. The change is mainlydue to the decrease in the amount of collection of account receivable.Investing ActivitiesNet cash provided by investing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.05 million, compared with $0.8 million net cash used in investing activities in 2017. The net cashprovided in investing activities in 2018 was interest received from our bank deposits.Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $0.8 million, compared with $0.04 million net cash provided by investing activities in 2016. The net cashused in investing activities in 2017 was to purchase fire protection facility.Financing ActivitiesNet cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.26 million, compared with $1.1 million net cash used in financing activities in 2017. It mainly consistedof repayment of bank loans in 2018.Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.1 million, compared with $1.68 million net cash provided by financing activities in 2016. It mainlyconsisted of interests paid for our bank loans.Loans, Other Commitments, ContingenciesAs of December 31, 2018, we had bank loans in an amount of $1,092,785. We may, however, in the future, require additional cash resources due to changing businessconditions, implementation of our strategy to expand our business or other investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our own financial resources areinsufficient to satisfy the capital requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain additional credit facilities. The sale of additionalequity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require usto agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overallbusiness prospects.C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.Our industry is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and changing customer demands. These conditions require continuousexpenditures on product research and development to enhance existing products create new products and avoid product obsolescence. See Item 3 “Key Information—D. Risk Factors—If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected,” —“Ifwe are unable to keep pace with the rapid technological changes in our industry, demand for our products and services could decline which would adversely affectour revenue,” and —“Our technology may become obsolete which could materially adversely affect our ability to sell our products and services.” For a detailedanalysis of research and development costs, see Item 5.A. “Operating Results—Results of Operations—Research and development expenses”.D.Trend InformationOther than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that wouldcause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.E.Off Balance Sheet ArrangementsWe do not have any off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes infinancial condition, sales or expenses, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures, or capital resources that are material to an investment in our securities.51Table of ContentsF.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual ObligationsThe table below shows our material contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018.Payments Due by PeriodLess than1 year13 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsContractual ObligationsConstruction Obligations$64,088,236Operating Lease Obligations$78,532146,7052,225,030Total$64,166,768146,7052,225,030Anhui Factory Construction ContractOn November 20, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party for the construction of a new plant with a total size of 110,557 square meters, atTaihu City, Anhui at a consideration of RMB 690 million (equivalent to approximately $104 million). This is the frame contract for the construction of Anhui factoryand round estimation. By December 31, 2016 we had already paid about $37.75 million in total on the phase 1, 2, 3 of construction based on detailed phase contractand the balance of construction cost of the Anui factory need to be determined based on the ontime budget on every phase. The majority of funds for constructionexpenses came from the cash balance on the account as of December 31, 2018 and the new profit of following year.Anhui Land Use Right Acquisition ContractOn September 2, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party to acquire a land use right in relation to the development of factories in Taihu City,Anhui Province, at a total consideration of RMB 43 million (approximately $6.3 million). Full consideration was paid in September 2010. There are three parts of theland. The Company has obtained land use rights certificates for the first parcel of land with 7,405 square meters on March 19, 2012, and the second parcel of landwith 2,440 square meters on May 26, 2012. The Company is currently in the process of obtaining the land use right certificate for the third parcel of the land with100,712 square meters.Except as set forth above, we have no other material longterm debt, capital or operating lease or fixed purchase obligations.InflationInflation and changing prices have not had a material effect on our business, and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect ourbusiness in the foreseeable future. However, our management will closely monitor price changes in the Chinese economy and the apparel industry and continuallymaintain effective cost controls in operations.52Table of ContentsSeasonalityOur business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal. Historically, we have realized more of our revenue and earnings in the fourth quarter, which includes themajority of the holiday shopping season, than in any other fiscal quarter.Critical Accounting PoliciesThe preparation of financial statements is in conformity with IFRS as issued by the IASB. It requires the Company’s management to make assumptions, estimatesand judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. The Company hasidentified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of Company’s financial statements. These accounting policies are important for anunderstanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of theCompany’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to makeestimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitivebecause of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly frommanagement’s current judgments. The Company believes the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in thepreparation of the Company’s financial statements.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects the considerationto which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled in exchange fortransferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that asignificant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration issubsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to the customerfor more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would be reflected in a separatefinancing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financing component which provides theCompany a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interest expense accreted on the contract liabilityunder the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services is oneyear or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component, using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of the goods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receiptsover the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.53Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with thedividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. Revenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer. Revenue from allabove categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of thetransaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered and title has passed.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting the deductible inputVAT of the period, is VAT payable.54Table of ContentsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial periodof time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use orsale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal government retirementbenefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fund their retirementbenefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal government takes responsibility for theretirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly, the only obligation of the Groupwith respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employment with the Group. There are no provisionsunder the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans are considered defined contribution plans. The Grouphas no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixed contributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pensionschemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service is performed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised inother comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Groupoperates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable taxregulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred taxassets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which thosedeductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or fromthe initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accountingprofit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able to control thereversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising fromdeductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profitsagainst which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.55Table of ContentsThe carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficienttaxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based ontax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assetsreflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carryingamount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when thedeferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities wherethere is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, inwhich case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arisesfrom the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.Store preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll and supplies.The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenses when occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases areclassified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes. Leaseholdimprovements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes other thanconstruction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful lives and aftertaking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction in progressis carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment whencompleted and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for theirintended use.56Table of ContentsAn item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of theasset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) isincluded in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.The Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights to use theland on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizable valuerepresents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fair valuethrough profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model formanaging them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the practicalexpedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus in the case of a financialasset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group hasapplied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance with the policies set out for “Revenue recognition(applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cash flowsthat are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established by regulation orconvention in the marketplace.57Subsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognised inthe income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversals arerecognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair value changes arerecognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive income is recycled to theincome statement.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under HKAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. The classification isdetermined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statement when theright of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and the amount of the dividendcan be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains arerecorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income are not subject to impairmentassessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value throughprofit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for thepurpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading unless they aredesignated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interest are classified and measured atfair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to be classified at amortised cost or at fairvalue through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition ifdoing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.58Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in theincome statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separate derivative if theeconomic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet thedefinition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changesin fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cashflows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between thecontractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the originaleffective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to thecontractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are providedfor credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been asignificant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespectiveof the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. When making theassessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on thefinancial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort,including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider afinancial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full beforetaking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering thecontractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the general approach andthey are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach as detailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured at anamount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets and for whichthe loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the loss allowance ismeasured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs59Simplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of asignificant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not track changes incredit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on itshistorical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt the simplifiedapproach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed from theGroup’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to what extent, ithas retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset nortransferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Groupalso recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that theGroup has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and the maximumamount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’sfinancial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.Subsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method unless theeffect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement when the liabilities arederecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.60Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantiallymodified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference between therespective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right tooffset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to the contractualprovisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financialassets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.The Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. Theeffective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of theeffective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, where appropriate, a shorter period tothe net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.61Table of ContentsReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including trade and otherreceivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment (seeaccounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a resultof one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have been affected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequently assessed forimpairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience of collecting payments,and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national or local economic conditions thatcorrelate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between the asset’scarrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.The carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables, where thecarrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized in profit or loss. When atrade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off arecredited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment losseswas recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset at the date theimpairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.G.Safe HarborSee “Introductory Notes—ForwardLooking Information.”62Table of ContentsITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEESA.Directors and Senior ManagementThe following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors and senior management, as well as employees upon whose work we are dependent, as ofthe date of this annual report.NAMEAGEPOSITIONKeyan Yan47Chairman and Chief Executive OfficerThemis Kalapotharakos44Executive DirectorLixiaTu37Chief Financial Officer and DirectorJohn Sano49Independent DirectorMatthew C. Los54Independent DirectorZhongmin Zhang76Independent DirectorYuet Mei Chan38Independent DirectorMr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has been the Chairman of our board of directors and Chief Executive Officer since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr.Yan has over 16 years of senior management experience. He served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of KBS International between March 2011 and August2014. From 1994 to present, Mr. Yan has served as general manager of Hongri PRC. Prior to joining us, Mr. Yan served as workshop manager, production managerand marketing manager of Zhenshi Knitting Factory in Shishi, China from 19891994. Mr. Yan obtained a certificate of corporate management from Xiamen Universityin 1992.Ms. Lixia Tu. Ms. Tu became the Company’s Chief Financial Officer on June 25, 2015. Ms. Tu has more than night years of accounting and audit experience, familiarwith IFRS, US GAAP, SarbanesOxley and the compliance requirements of SEC. After she worked as a project manager at BDO China Fu Jian SHU LUN PANCertified Public Accountants for four years, she worked as a CFO or a financial consultant for some other companies. Ms. Tu holds a Master’s degree inprofessional accounting from the University of Deakin in Australia. Ms. Tu is also a member of the Chartered Association of Certified Accountants.Mr. Themis Kalapotharakos. Mr. Kalapotharakos became our executive director on June 15, 2015. Mr. Kalapotharakos has acquired a range of expertise of a widespectrum of business activities. He has extensive highlevel experience at the Shipping, Trading and Finance industries where he has founded, developed andoperated various businesses starting from the ground up. His roles involved regular communication and coordination with investors, financial institutions, capitalmarket authorities, custodian and administrative banks, auditors and legal counsel. He holds a Bachelor’s degree from Cardiff University and an MSc Degree fromCass Business School in the UK.John Sano. Mr. Sano has been an independent director of the Company since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr. Sano has over 20 years ofexperience in apparel & home furnishings concept, design, sourcing, production, and ecommerce. He has extensive experience in all aspects of the retail clothingsupply chain, from conceptualization to final production and distribution. Mr. Sano has also advised and worked closely with numerous top brands in the US. Hehas been General Director of Sano Design Services since 2002. Mr. Sano has an associate’s degree in interior design from Traphagen School of Design.Mr. Matthew C. Los. Mr. Los became our director on October 8, 2015. Mr. Los has acquired a range of expertise of a wide spectrum of business activities. He hasover 20 years’ experience at high level management, and has founded, developed and operated various businesses in the shipping, energy, telecommunications realestate industries starting from the ground up. He also has experience in the capital markets and was the CEO of Aquasition Corp., the predecessor of the Company,prior to the Share Exchange. Mr. Los has a BSc in Mechanical Engineering and Computer Aided Design from University of Westminster in the UK.Mr. Zhongmin Zhang. Mr. Zhang became our director on July 10, 2017. He has over 45 years of extensive experience in many facets of textile business, including inproduction, marketing, and management. Currently, Mr. Zhang is the president of Zhengzhou Guangda Textile Printing & Dyeing Co., Ltd. which has an annualproduction of 216 million meters of various textile products, with a value of RMB 800 million. Holding a title of Senior Engineer, Mr. Zhang graduated from HarbinInstitute of Technology in 1965. He also has certificates in finance management and civil law.Mr. Yuet Mei Chan. Ms. Chan became our director on July 10, 2017. She has over 15 years of experience in the banking industry. She held several senior positions ina prestigious bank in Hong Kong from 20012016. She is currently a financial consultant at AIA and specializes in analyzing financial situations and market trends.Ms. Chan holds a diploma in Computing and Business Studies from Hong Kong St. Perth College.No family relationship exists between any of the persons named above.63Table of ContentsB.CompensationIn 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $207,268 in cash as compensation to our directors and senior management as a group, and some of our directors andexecutive officers also received compensation in the form of annual salaries and bonuses. We do not set aside or accrue any amounts for pension, retirement orother benefits for our directors and senior management. However, we reimburse our directors for outofpocket expenses incurred in connection with their services insuch capacity.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to our executive officers and directors as compensations for theirservices. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to the Company’s executiveofficers, directors and certain employees as compensations for their service. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.2018 Equity Incentive PlanOn December 24, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2018 Plan, pursuant to which the Company may offerup to two million shares of common stock as equity incentives to its directors, employees and consultants. Such number of shares is subject to adjustment in theevent of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, stock splits, stock dividends, or other change in the corporate structure of the Companyaffecting the shares issuable under the 2018 Plan. As of December 31, 2018, we have not granted any equity awards under the 2018 Plan.The following paragraphs summarize the terms of our 2018 Plan:Purpose. The purposes of the 2018 Plan are to promote the longterm growth and profitability of the Company and its affiliates by stimulating the efforts ofemployees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates who are selected to be participants, aligning the longterm interests of participants with thoseof shareholders, heightening the desire of participants to continue in working toward and contributing to our success, attracting and retaining the best availablepersonnel for positions of substantial responsibility, and generally providing additional incentive for them to promote the success of our business through the grantof awards of or pertaining to our common stock. The 2018 Plan permits the grant of ISOs, NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share AppreciationRights, Performance Units and Performance Shares as the administrator of the 2018 Plan may determine.Administration. The 2018 Plan is administered by our Board. The administrator has the authority to determine the specific terms and conditions of all awards grantedunder the 2018 Plan, including, without limitation, the number of shares of common stock subject to each award, the price to be paid for the shares and the applicablevesting criteria. The administrator has discretion to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2018 Plan.Eligibility. NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share Appreciation Rights, Performance Units and Performance Shares may be granted to employees,directors or consultants either alone or in combination with any other awards. ISOs may be granted only to employees of the Company, and of any parent orsubsidiary.Shares Available for Issuance Under the 2018 Plan. Subject to adjustment as described below, (a) the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issuedunder the 2018 Plan is 2,000,000 shares of common stock, (b) to the extent consistent with Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the“Code”), not more than an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of common stock may be issued under ISOs, and (c) not more than 200,000 shares of common stock (or forawards denominated in cash, the Fair Market Value of 200,000 shares of common stock on the Grant Date, as defined in the 2018 Plan), may be awarded to anyindividual participant in the aggregate in any one fiscal year of the Company, such limitation to be applied in a manner consistent with the requirements of, and onlyto the extent required for compliance with, the exclusion from the limitation on deductibility of compensation under Code Section 162(m). The number and class ofshares available under the 2018 Plan are subject to adjustment in the event of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, share splits, sharedividends, or other similar events which change the number or kind of shares outstanding.64Table of ContentsTransferability. Unless otherwise provided in the 2018 Plan or otherwise determined by the administrator, an award may not be sold, pledged, assigned,hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution and may be exercised, during the lifetime of theparticipant, only by the participant. However, the administrator may, at or after the grant of an award other than an ISO, provide that such award may be transferredby the recipient to a “family member” (as defined in the 2018 Plan); provided, however, that any such transfer is without payment of any consideration whatsoeverand that no transfer shall be valid unless first approved by the administrator, acting in its sole discretion, and as required by our Amended and Restated Articles ofIncorporation. If the administrator makes an award transferable, such award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the administrator deemsappropriate.Termination of, or Amendments to, the 2018 Plan. The Board may at any time amend, alter, suspend or terminate the 2018 Plan, provided that the Company willobtain shareholder approval of any 2018 Plan amendment to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with applicable Laws. No amendment, alteration,suspension or termination of the 2018 Plan will impair the rights of any participant, unless mutually agreed otherwise between the participant and the administrator,which agreement must be in writing and signed by the participant and the Company. Termination of the 2018 Plan will not affect the administrator’s ability to exercisethe powers granted to it hereunder with respect to awards granted prior to the date of such termination.The 2018 Plan will terminate five years following the date it was adopted by the Board, unless sooner terminated by the Board.Employment AgreementsPlease refer to Item 10 “Additional Information—C. Material Contracts.”C.Board PracticesOur board of directors currently consists of seven members, Keyan Yan, Lixia Tu, John Sano, Themis Kalapotharakos, Matthew C. Los, Yuet Mei Chan andZhongmin Zhang.The Board has established the Audit Committee, which is comprised entirely of independent directors. From time to time, the Board may establish other committees.Audit CommitteeOur Audit Committee is currently composed of three members: Yuet Mei Chan, John Sano and Matthew C. Los. Our Board of Directors determined that each memberof the Audit Committee meets the independence criteria prescribed by applicable regulation and the rules of the SEC for audit committee membership. Each AuditCommittee member also meets NASDAQ’s financial literacy requirements. Matthew C. Los serves as Chair of the Audit Committee.Our Board of Directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is the “audit committee financial expert” as such term is defined in Item 407(d) of Regulation SKpromulgated by the SEC and also meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements.The Audit Committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our Company. The Audit Committee isresponsible for, among other things:●the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the independent auditor;●reviewing and preapproving all auditing services and permissible nonaudit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed by theindependent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed relatedparty transactions;●discussing the interim and annual financial statements with management and our independent auditors;●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor (a) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls, (b) theCompany’s internal audit procedures, and (c) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, and managementreports thereon;65Table of Contents●reviewing reported violations of the Company’s code of conduct and business ethics; and●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor various topics and events that may have significant financial impact on theCompany or that are the subject of discussions between management and the independent auditors.D.EmployeesAs of December 31, 2018, we employed 370 fulltime employees. The following table sets forth the number of our fulltime employees by function. FunctionNumber ofEmployeesManagement and Administration28Marketing, Sales and Distribution18Design and Product Development20Production281Procurement, Warehousing and Logistics19Quality and Assurance7TOTAL370We believe that we have maintained a satisfactory working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any significant labor disputes or anydifficulty in recruiting staff for company’s operations. None of company’s employees is represented by a labor union.Our employees in China participate in a state pension plan organized by Chinese municipal and provincial governments. The company is required to make monthlycontributions to the plan for each employee at the rate of 23% of his or her average assessable salary. In addition, the company is required by Chinese law to coveremployees in China with various types of social insurance. The company believes that it is in material compliance with the relevant PRC laws.E.Share OwnershipThe following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of each class of our voting securities as of April 26, 2019 (i) by each person who is knownby us to beneficially own more than 5% of our voting securities; (ii) by each of our officers and directors; and (iii) by all of our officers and directors as a group.NameOffice, If AnyTitle of ClassAmount andNature ofBeneficialOwnership(1)Percent ofClass(2)Officers and DirectorsKeyan Yan(3)Chairman, CEO and PresidentCommon Stock964,32037.21%Lixia TuChief Financial Officer and DirectorCommon Stock60,0002.32%Themis KalapotharakosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%John SanoDirectorCommon Stock5,0000.19%Matthew C. LosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%Zhongmin ZhangDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%Yuet Mei ChanDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%All officers and directors as a group (7 personsnamed above)1,129,32043.58%5% Security HoldersKeyan Yan (3)Common Stock964,32037.21%Alliance Investment Management Limited(4)Common Stock195,488(4)7.54%*Less than 1%(1)Beneficial Ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Eachof the beneficial owners listed above has direct ownership of and sole voting power and investment power with respect to our common stock.66Table of Contents(2)As of April 26, 2019, a total of 2,591,299 shares of commons stock are considered to be outstanding pursuant to SEC Rule 13d3(d)(1). For each Beneficial Ownerabove, any securities that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days have been included in the denominator.(3)Includes 20,000 shares of common stock owned by Bizhen Chen, Mr. Yan’s wife.(4)Based solely on Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on August 8, 2018, in which Alliance Investment Management reported it has sole voting and dispositivepower with respect to 195,488 shares of our common stock. The address of the reporting person is 7 Belmont Road, Kingston, Jamaica.None of our existing shareholders has voting rights that differ from the voting rights of other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at asubsequent date, result in our change in control.ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSA.Major ShareholdersPlease refer to Item 6 “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.”B.Related Party TransactionsFrom time to time, KBS and its subsidiaries borrowed money from our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Keyan Yan, to pay for Company expenses. Theseamounts are interestfree, unsecured and repayable on demand. In years 2017 and 2016, Mr. Yan paid all the Company expenses in connection with the Company’sNasdaq continued listing and SEC reporting out of his pocket. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of these amounts we borrowed from Mr. Yan was$485,302 and $35,483, respectively.C.Interests of Experts and CounselNot applicable.ITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATIONA.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial InformationFinancial StatementsWe have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this report. See Item 18 “Financial Statements.”Legal Proceedings We may be subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our business from time to time. We are currently not party to anylegal or arbitration proceedings, including those relating to bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings and those involving any third party, which may have, orhave had in the recent past, significant effects on our financial position or profitability.Dividend PolicyTo date, we have not paid any cash dividends on our shares. As a Marshall Islands company, we may only declare and pay dividends except when the corporationis insolvent or would thereby be made insolvent or when the declaration or payment would be contrary to any restrictions contained in our Articles ofIncorporation. Dividends may be declared and paid out of surplus only; but in case there is no surplus, dividends may be declared or paid out of the net profits forthe fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and for the preceding fiscal year. We currently anticipate that we will retain any available funds to finance thegrowth and operation of our business and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our cash held in foreign countriesmay be subject to certain control limitations or repatriation requirements, limiting our ability to use this cash to pay dividends.67Table of ContentsB.Significant ChangesNo significant change has occurred since the date of our consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTINGA.Offer and Listing DetailsOur common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market and trade under the symbol “KBSF.” Between January 23, 2013 and November 3, 2014, our commonstock was traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “AQU.” Our Warrants and Units are quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “KBSFW”and “KBSFU”, respectively. Prior to November 3, 2014, our Warrants and Units were quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “AQUUF” and “AQUUU”,respectively. Before their quotation on the OTC Markets, our Units commenced to trade on the Nasdaq Stock Market on October 26, 2012 and our Warrantscommenced to trade separately from its Units on January 23, 2013.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.Approximate Number of Holders of Our SecuritiesOn April 26, 2019, there was 1 holder of record of our Units, 359 shareholders of record of our common stock and 1 holder of record of our Warrants. Certain of oursecurities are held in nominee or street name so the actual number of beneficial owners of our securities is greater than the number of record holders set forth above.B.Plan of DistributionNot applicable.C.MarketsSee our disclosures above under “A. Offer and Listing Details.”D.Selling ShareholdersNot applicable. E.DilutionNot applicable.F.Expenses of the IssueNot applicable.68Table of ContentsITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONA.Share CapitalOur Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation authorize the Company to issue up to 155,000,000 shares with a par value of $0.0001, consisting of 150,000,000shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of date of this report, there are 2,591,299 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Wehave never issued any preferred stock.●As of date of this report, we have 717 IPO Units outstanding.●As of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding (including 369,302 IPO Warrants and 24,534 Placement Warrants), each warrant entitles theholder to purchase one share of common stock at a purchase price of $172.5.B.Memorandum and Articles of AssociationThe following represents a summary of certain key provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. The summary does not purport to be a summary of allof the provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. For more complete information you should read our amended and restated articles ofincorporation and bylaws, each listed as an exhibit to this report.We were incorporated in the Marshall Islands on January 26, 2012 under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BCA”). The purpose of the Company isto engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may now or hereafter be organized under the BCA. Our amended and restated articles of incorporationand bylaws do not impose any limitations on the ownership rights of our stockholders.Description of Common StockEach outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Upon our dissolution, liquidation orwinding up of the affairs of the Company, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidationpreferences, if any, the holders or our common stock will be entitled to receive pro rata our remaining assets available for distribution. Holders of common stock donot have conversion, redemption or preemptive rights to subscribe to any of our securities.Blank Check Preferred Stock.Our Board of Directors is authorized, without any further vote or action by our stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in different classesand series and, with respect to each class or series, to determine the designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights,conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the powers and rights associated with the common stock,at such times and on such other terms as they think proper. Our Board of Directors may issue shares of preferred stock on terms calculated to discourage, delay orprevent a change of control of our company or the removal of our management.WarrantsAs of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding, among which 369,302 warrants were issued to the public in our IPO (the “IPO Warrants”). Each ofthe IPO Warrants entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.5 expiring on July 31, 2019, provided that there is an effectiveregistration statement covering the shares of common stock underlying the IPO Warrants.69Table of ContentsThe Company may redeem the IPO Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon 30 days’ notice, after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, only inthe event that the last sale price of the shares of common stock is at least $17.50 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30trading day period (“30Day TradingPeriod”) ending three business days prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is a current registration statement in effect with respectto the shares of common stock underlying such IPO Warrants throughout the 30day redemption period. The Company is only required to use its best efforts tomaintain the effectiveness of the registration statement covering the underlying common stock of the IPO Warrants. There are no contractual penalties for failure todeliver securities if a registration statement is not effective at the time of exercise. Additionally, in the event that a registration statement is not effective at the time ofexercise, the holder of such warrant shall not be entitled to exercise such warrant for cash and in no event (whether in the case of a registration statement not beingeffective or otherwise) will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrant exercise.In addition, Aqua Investments Corp., an entity controlled by certain founding shareholders of the Company, acquired 24,534 warrants, each entitles the holder topurchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50, expiring on July 31, 2019 (the “Placement Warrants”). The Placement Warrants are identical to the IPOWarrants except that the Placement Warrants (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis; (ii) will not be redeemable by the Company and (ii) may beexercised even if there is not an effective registration statement relating to the shares underlying the warrants, so long as they are held by the initial purchaser orany of its permitted transferees.As of date of this report, we also have 717 IPO Units outstanding and publicly trading, each including one IPO Warrant and one share of our common stock.DirectorsThe business and affairs of the Company are managed by or under the direction of our Board of Directors.Our directors are elected by the holders of the shares representing a majority of the total voting power of the thenoutstanding capital stock of the Company entitledto vote generally in the election of directors (“Voting Stock”). Our amended and restated articles of incorporation provide that cumulative voting shall not be used toelect directors. Each director will be elected to serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his/her successor shall have been duly elected andqualified, except in the event of his/her death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of his/her term of office.Any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of thetotal voting power of the Voting Stock entitled to vote thereon or with cause by directors constituting at least twothirds of the entire Board.Vacancies in the Board of Directors occurring by death, resignation, the creation of new directorships, the failure of the shareholders to elect the whole board at anyannual election of directors, or, except as herein provided, for any other reason, including removal of directors for cause, may be filled either by the affirmative voteof a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, at any special meeting called for that purpose or at any regular meeting of theBoard. Vacancies occurring by removal of directors without cause may be filled only by vote of the shareholders.Shareholder MeetingsAnnual stockholder meetings will be held at a time and place selected by our board of directors. The meetings may be held in or outside of the Marshall Islands.Under our amended and restated articles of incorporation, special meetings may be called by the board of directors, or by the secretary of the Company requestedby stockholders representing certain amount of voting power. Our board of directors shall give not less than 15 days and not more than 60 days prior written noticeof a shareholders’ meeting to each shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat and to each shareholder of record who, by reason of any action proposed at suchmeeting would be entitled to have his/her shares appraised if such action were taken, and the notice shall include a statement of that purpose and to that effect.Our bylaws provide that a meeting of shareholders is duly constituted if, at the commencement of the meeting, there are shareholders present in person or by proxyrepresenting not less than a majority of the votes of the shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on resolutions of shareholders to be considered at themeeting.70Table of ContentsIf a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of stock represented at the meeting will be the act of the shareholders. At any meeting ofshareholders, each shareholder entitled to vote any shares on any manner to be voted upon at such meeting shall be entitled to one vote on such matter for eachsuch share. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the action so taken, issigned by all the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof.Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal and Payment.Under the BCA, our stockholders have the right to dissent from various corporate actions, including any merger or sale of all or substantially all of our assets notmade in the usual course of our business, and receive payment of the fair value of their shares. However, the right of a dissenting stockholder to receive payment ofthe fair value of his or her shares shall not be available for any shares of stock of the constituent corporation surviving a merger if the merger did not require for itsapproval the vote of the stockholders of the surviving corporation. In the event of any further amendment of our articles of incorporation, a stockholder also has theright to dissent and receive payment for his or her shares if the amendment alters certain rights in respect of those shares. The dissenting stockholder must followthe procedures set forth in the BCA to receive payment. In the event that we and any dissenting stockholder fail to agree on a price for the shares, the BCAprocedures involve, among other things, the institution of proceedings in the circuit court in the judicial circuit in the Marshall Islands in which our Marshall Islandsoffice is situated. The value of the shares of the dissenting stockholder is fixed by the court after reference, if the court so elects, to the recommendations of a courtappointed appraiser.Stockholders’ Derivative ActionsUnder the BCA, any of our stockholders may bring an action in our name to procure a judgment in our favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that thestockholder bringing the action is a holder of common stock both at the time the derivative action is commenced and at the time of the transaction to which theaction relates.Indemnification of Officers and DirectorsThe BCA authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors and officers to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages forbreaches of directors’ fiduciary duties. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation include a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors formonetary damages for actions taken as a director to the fullest extent permitted by law. We must indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorizedby law. We are also expressly authorized to advance certain expenses (including attorneys’ fees and disbursements and court costs) to our directors and offices andcarry directors’ and officers’ insurance providing indemnification for our directors, officers and certain employees for some liabilities.The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws may discourage stockholders frombringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigationagainst directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. In addition, your investment may beadversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.C.Material ContractsWe have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in Item 4 “Information on theCompany,” Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations,” Item 7 “Major Shareholders and RelatedParty Transactions,” or filed (or incorporated by reference) as exhibits to this annual report or otherwise described or referenced in this annual report.D.Exchange ControlsMarshall Islands Exchange ControlsUnder Marshall Islands law, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect theremittance of dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our shares.71Table of ContentsBVI Exchange ControlsThere are no material exchange controls restrictions on payment of dividends, interest or other payments to the holders of our common stock or on the conduct ofour operations in the BVI, where we were incorporated. There are no material BVI laws that impose any material exchange controls on us or that affect the paymentof dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our common stock. BVI law and our memorandum and articles of association do not impose anymaterial limitations on the right of nonresidents or foreign owners to hold or vote our common stock.PRC Exchange ControlsRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued bySAFE and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade and service payments, payment ofinterest and dividends can be made without prior approval from SAFE by following the appropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMBinto foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRC for the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments,loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from SAFE or its local office.On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency Management Policy on Direct Investment, effective fromJune 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investmentfrom SAFE. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for the purpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed withqualified banks, which, under the supervision of SAFE, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise, or SAFE Circular 19,was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to SAFE Circular 19, a foreigninvested enterprise may, according to its actualbusiness needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchange bureau has confirmedmonetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the time being, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shall truthfully use itscapital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equity investment with theamount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open a corresponding Account forForeign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming andRegulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or SAFE Circular 16, was promulgated and became effective on June 9,2016. According to SAFE Circular 16, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreign currency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionarybasis. SAFE Circular 16 provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items (including but not limited to foreigncurrency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. SAFE Circular 16 reiterates the principle thatRenminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope andmay not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guarantee the principal within the PRCunless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless it is within the businessscope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Optimizing Genuineness and ComplianceVerification, or SAFE Circular 3, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits from domestic entities tooffshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution, original copies oftax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses before remitting any profits.Moreover, pursuant to SAFE Circular 3, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provide boardresolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.72Table of ContentsRegulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsSAFE issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special PurposeVehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issues Concerning theRegulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles, to regulateforeign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investment and financing orconduct round trip investment in China. SAFE Circular 37 defines a SPV as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly or indirectly, by PRC residents orentities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets or interests, while “round tripinvestment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through SPVs, namely, establishing foreigninvested enterprises to obtain theownership, control rights and management rights. SAFE Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into an SPV, PRC residents or entities be required tocomplete foreign exchange registration with SAFE or its local branch. In addition, SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving theAdministration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended SAFE Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015,requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.PRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to SPVs but had not obtained registration as required before theimplementation of the SAFE Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the SPVs with qualified banks. An amendment to the registration isrequired if there is a material change with respect to the SPV registered, such as any change of basic information (including change of the PRC residents, name andoperation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers or divisions. Failure to comply with the registrationprocedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclose controllers of the foreigninvestedenterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to itsoffshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities to penalties under PRC foreignexchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companiesby PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRCsubsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansSAFE promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan ofOverseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issued by SAFE in March 2007. Pursuant tothe Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residents participating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted companyare required to register with SAFE or its local branches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents mustconduct the SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of theoverseas publicly listed company or another qualified institution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevantSAFE registration should there be any material change to the stock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of thePRC residents who have the right to exercise the employee stock options, apply to SAFE or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreigncurrencies in connection with the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the saleof shares under the stock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRCopened by the PRC agents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.73Table of ContentsWe adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We have advised therecipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice. However, wecannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subjectthe PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016 respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014 respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our BVI holding company may rely on dividend payments from IST,which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on the ability of ourconsolidated VIEs to make remittance to IST and on the ability of IST to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations ofthose entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends andother distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you,and otherwise fund and conduct our business”E.TaxationThe following is a general summary of the material Marshall Islands, Hong Kong, BVI, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to an investmentin our units, shares of common stock and warrants to acquire our shares of common stock, sometimes referred to collectively in this summary as our “securities”.The discussion is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal or tax advice to any particular prospective purchaser. The discussion is based on lawsand relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change or different interpretations, possibly withretroactive effect. The discussion does not address United States state or local tax laws, or tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Marshall Islands, Hong Kong,the BVI, the PRC and the United States. We recommend that you consult your own tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquisition, ownership anddisposition of our securities.Marshall Islands TaxationThe following are the material Marshall Islands tax consequences of our activities to us and to our stockholders and warrant holders of investing in our CommonStock and warrants. Under current Marshall Islands law, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains, and no Marshall Islands withholding tax or income taxwill be imposed upon payments of dividends by us to our stockholders or proceeds from the disposition of our common stock and warrants, provided suchstockholders or warrant holders, as the case may be, are not residents in the Marshall Islands. There is no tax treaty between the United States and the Republic ofthe Marshall Islands.BVI TaxationThe BVI does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid to us by our BVI subsidiary, nor does the BVI levy any capital gains or income taxes on us or our BVIsubsidiary. However, our BVI subsidiary is required to pay the BVI government an annual license fee based on the number of shares it is authorized to issue.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the BVI.74Table of ContentsHong Kong TaxationOur Hong Kong subsidiaries, under the current laws of Hong Kong, are subject to profits tax of 16.5%. No provision for Hong Kong profits tax has been made asour Hong Kong subsidiaries have no taxable income.PRC TaxationWe are a holding company incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which indirectly holds our equity interests in our PRC operating subsidiaries. The EIT Law and itsimplementation rules, both of which became effective as of January 1, 2008, provide that a PRC enterprise is subject to a standard income tax rate of 25% and Chinasourced income of foreign enterprises, such as dividends paid by a PRC subsidiary to its overseas parent, will normally be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of10%, unless there are applicable treaties between the overseas parent’s jurisdiction of incorporation and China to reduce such rate.Under the Arrangement between the Mainland and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention ofFiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, or the Double Taxation Arrangement, effective as of January 1, 2007, such dividend withholding tax rate is reducedto 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns over 25% of the PRC company distributing the dividends. Under the aforesaid arrangement, any dividends that ourPRC operating subsidiaries pay to their Hong Kong holding companies may be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 5% if they are not considered to be a PRC“resident enterprise” as described below. However, if the Hong Kong holdings companies are not considered to be the “beneficial owner” of such dividends underthe Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties promulgated by the State Administration of Taxation on October 27,2009 (and not a PRC “resident enterprise”), such dividends would be subject to the withholding tax rate of 10%. The withholding tax rate of 5% or 10% applicablewill have a significant impact on the amount of dividends to be received by us and ultimately by shareholders.According to the Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties, the term “beneficial owner” refers to a person who hasthe right to own and dispose of the income and the rights or properties generated from the said income. The “beneficial owner” may be an individual, a company orany other organization which is usually engaged in substantial business operations. A conduit company is not a “beneficial owner.” The term “conduit company”refers to a company which is usually established for purposes of dodging or reducing taxes, and transferring or accumulating profits. Such a company is onlyregistered in the country of domicile to satisfy the organizational form as required by law, but it does not engage in such substantial business operations asmanufacturing, distribution and management. As our Hong Kong holding companies are controlling companies and are not engaged in substantial businessoperations, they could be considered as conduit companies by tax authorities and we do not expect them to be a beneficial owner.In addition to the changes to the current tax structure, under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto management bodies” withinChina is considered a resident enterprise and will normally be subject to an EIT of 25% on its global income. The implementing rules define the term “de factomanagement bodies” as “an establishment that exercises, in substance, overall management and control over the production, business, personnel, accounting, etc.,of a Chinese enterprise.”It remains unclear whether the PRC tax authorities would require or permit our overseas registered entities to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. We do notcurrently consider our company to be a PRC resident enterprise. However, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterpriseincome tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on ourworldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on offering proceedsand nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although under the EIT Law and its implementing rulesdividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued guidance with respect to the processing ofoutbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidance issuedwith respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation in which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to our nonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC shareholders from transferring our shares.75Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income TaxationThe following is a discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our securities. It does notpurport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s situation. The discussion applies only toholders that hold their securities as capital assets (generally property held for investment) within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based on the Code, income tax regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial positions, published positions of theInternal Revenue Service, or the IRS, and other applicable authorities, all as in effect as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly withretroactive effect. This discussion is general in nature and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations, nor does the discussion address any state, local orforeign tax considerations or any U.S. tax considerations (e.g., estate or gift tax) other than U.S. federal income tax considerations, that may be applicable toparticular holders.This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant in light of particular circumstances, nor does it address the U.S.federal income tax consequences to persons who are subject to special rules under U.S. federal income tax law, including:●banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions;●persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;●taxexempt organizations;●controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid United States federal incometax;●certain former citizens or longterm residents of the United States;●dealers in securities or currencies;●traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting for their securities holdings;●persons that own, or are deemed to own, more than five percent of our capital stock;●holders who acquired our stock as compensation or pursuant to the exercise of a stock option; or●persons who hold our shares as a position in a hedging transaction, “straddle,” or other risk reduction transaction.For purposes of this discussion, a U.S. holder is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (ii) acorporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States (or treated assuch under applicable U.S. tax laws), any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardlessof its source; or (iv) a trust if (a) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have theauthority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) it has a valid election in effect under applicable law and regulations to be treated as a U.S. person forU.S. federal income tax purposes. A nonU.S. holder is a holder that is neither a U.S. holder nor a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S.federal income tax purposes.In the case of a partnership or entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally willdepend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal incometax consequences to them of the merger or of the ownership and disposition of our shares.As a result of consummation of the Share Exchange, (i) we acquired substantially all the properties of KBS International, a U.S. corporation, and (ii) the formershareholders of KBS International held at least 80 percent of our common stock by reason of having held stock of KBS International. Accordingly, under Section7874 of the Code, we are treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as a U.S. corporation and, among other consequences, are subject to U.S. federal income tax on ourworldwide income. This discussion assumes that Section 7874 of the Code continues to apply to treat us as a U.S. corporation for all purposes under the Code. If,for some reason (e.g., future repeal of Section 7874 of the Code), we were no longer treated as a U.S. corporation under the Code, the U.S. federal income taxconsequences described herein could be materially and adversely affected.76Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. HoldersDistributionsIn the event that distributions are paid on our common stock, the gross amount of such distributions will be included in the gross income of the U.S. holder asdividend income on the date of receipt to the extent that the distribution is paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federalincome tax principles. Such dividends will be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Dividends received by noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, may be subject to reduced rates of taxation under current law. A U.S. holdermay be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed on dividends paid by us. However, the foreign tax credit rules arecomplex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 of the Code and the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and theGovernment of the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, or theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty, is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may be entitled to underthe foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.To the extent that dividends paid on our common stock exceed current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distributions will be treated first as a taxfree returnof tax basis on our common stock, and to the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds tax basis, the excess will be treated as gain from the disposition ofthose common stock. Because Section 7874 of the Code has applied to treat us as a U.S. corporation only since consummation of the Share Exchange in 2014, wemay not be able to demonstrate to the IRS the extent to which a distribution on our common stock exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (asdetermined under U.S. federal income tax principles), in which case all of such distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.Sale or Other DispositionU.S. holders of our common stock will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of common stock equal to the differencebetween the amount realized for the common stock and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the common stock. This gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss. Undercurrent law, noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, are eligible for reduced tax rates if the common stock has been held for more than one year. Thedeductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. A U.S. holder may be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed ongain from the sale or other disposition of common stock. However, the foreign tax credit rules are complex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 ofthe Code and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may beentitled to under the foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Unearned Income Medicare ContributionCertain U.S. holders who are individuals, trusts or estates are required to pay an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on, among other things, dividends on and capitalgains from the sale or other disposition of shares of stock. U.S. holders should consult their own advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this rule on their ownershipand disposition of our common stock.U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for NonU.S. HoldersDistributionsThe rules applicable to nonU.S. holders for determining the extent to which distributions on our common stock, if any, constitute dividends for U.S. federal incometax purposes are the same as for U.S. holders. See “–U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. Holders– Distributions.”77Table of ContentsAny dividends paid to a nonU.S. holder by us are treated as income derived from sources within the United States and generally will be subject to U.S. federalincome tax withholding at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends, or at a lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty if nonU.S. holdersprovide proper certification of eligibility for the lower rate (usually on IRS Form W8BEN or W8BENE). Dividends received by a nonU.S. holder that are effectivelyconnected with such holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business (and, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained bythe nonU.S. holder in the U.S.) are exempt from such withholding tax, provided that applicable certification requirements are satisfied. In such case, however, nonU.S. holders will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such dividends, net of certain deductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. In addition, corporatenonU.S. holders may be subject to an additional branch profits tax equal to 30% or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable tax treaty on dividendsreceived that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.If nonU.S. holders are eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, such nonU.S. holders may obtain a refund ofany excess amounts withheld by filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.Sale or Other DispositionExcept as described below for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, any gain realized by a nonU.S. holder upon the saleor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:criminal liability in serious cases.According to the PRC Product Quality Law, consumers or other victims who suffer injury or property losses due to product defects may demand compensation fromthe manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the corresponding amount from the manufacturer if the manufactureris responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Relating to Consumer ProtectionThe principal legal provisions for the protection of consumer interests are set forth in the Law of the PRC on Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests, or theConsumer Protection Law, which was promulgated in October 1993 amended in October 2013. The Consumer Protection Law sets forth standards of behavior thatbusinesses must observe in their dealings with consumers.Violations of the Consumer Protection Law may result in the imposition of fines. In addition, the violating entity may be ordered to suspend its operations, and itsbusiness license may be revoked. There may also be criminal liability in serious cases.According to the Consumer Protection Law, if the legal rights and interests of a consumer are violated during the purchase or use of goods, the consumer may seekcompensation from the seller. If the manufacturer or an upstream distributor is responsible, after compensating the consumer, the seller may recover thecorresponding amount from the manufacturer or the upstream distributor. Consumers or other persons who suffer personal injury or property damages due todefects in products may seek compensation from the manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the correspondingamount from the manufacturer if the manufacturer is responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Related to TrademarksThe PRC Trademark Law, adopted in 1982 and revised in 2001 and 2013, protects the proprietary rights to registered trademarks. The Trademark Office under theState Administration of Industry and Commerce handles trademark registration and grants a term of ten years to registered trademarks and another ten years totrademarks as requested upon expiry of the prior term. Trademark license agreements and transfer agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record.37Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Environmental MattersOur facilities are subject to various governmental regulations related to environmental protection. We use a myriad of chemicals in our operations and produceemissions that could pose environmental risks. Our manufacturing facilities are subject to various pollution control regulations with respect to noise, water and airpollution and the disposal of waste and hazardous materials, including, China’s Environmental Protection Law, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Appraisingof Environment Impacts, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of AirPollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution, and China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of NoisePollution. We are subject to periodic inspections by local environmental protection authorities.We did not incur material costs in environmental compliance in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016. We believe we are in material compliance with the relevant PRCenvironmental laws and regulations. We are not currently subject to any pending actions alleging any violations of applicable PRC environmental laws.Regulations Related to EmploymentThe PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law require that employers must execute written employment contracts with fulltime employees. All employers mustcompensate their employees with wages equal to at least the local minimum wage standards. Violations of the PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law may resultin the imposition of fines and other administrative sanctions, and serious violations may constitute criminal offences.On December 28, 2012, the PRC Labor Contract Law was amended with effect on July 1, 2013 to impose more stringent requirements on labor dispatch. Under suchlaw, dispatched workers are entitled to pay equal to that of fulltime employees for equal work, but the number of dispatched workers that an employer hires may notexceed a certain percentage of its total number of employees as determined by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Additionally, dispatchedworkers are only permitted to engage in temporary, auxiliary or substitute work. According to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch promulgated by theMinistry of Human Resources and Social Security on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014, the number of dispatched workers hired by anemployer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees (including both directly hired employees and dispatched workers). The Interim Provisions onLabor Dispatch require employers not in compliance with the PRC Labor Contract Law in this regard to reduce the number of its dispatched workers to below 10% ofthe total number of its employees prior to March 1, 2016.Enterprises in China are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in certain employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pensionplan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a workrelated injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund,and contribute to the plans or funds in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of the employees as specified by thelocal government from time to time at locations where they operate their businesses or where they are located. The enterprise may be ordered to pay the full amountwithin a deadline if it fails to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans and may be subject to fines and other administrative sanctions.Regulations Relating to Foreign ExchangeRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued by theState Administration of Foreign Exchange and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade andservice payments, payment of interest and dividends can be made without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange by following theappropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRCfor the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange or its local office.38Table of ContentsOn February 13, 2015, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency ManagementPolicy on Direct Investment, effective from June 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign directinvestment and overseas direct investment from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for thepurpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed with qualified banks, which, under the supervision of the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to this Circular, a foreigninvested enterprise may,according to its actual business needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchangebureau has confirmed monetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the timebeing, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shalltruthfully use its capital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equityinvestment with the amount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open acorresponding Account for Foreign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of theState Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts waspromulgated and became effective on June 9, 2016. According to this Circular, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreigncurrency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionary basis. This Circular provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items(including but not limited to foreign currency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. ThisCircular reiterates the principle that Renminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposesbeyond its business scope and may not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guaranteethe principal within the PRC unless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless itis within the business scope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration andOptimizing Genuineness and Compliance Verification, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits fromdomestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution,original copies of tax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses beforeremitting any profits. Moreover, pursuant to this Circular, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provideboard resolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and RoundtripInvestment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Issues Concerning the Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore SpecialPurpose Vehicles, to regulate foreign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investmentand financing or conduct round trip investment in China. Circular 37 defines a “special purpose vehicle” as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly orindirectly, by PRC residents or entities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets orinterests, while “round trip investment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through special purpose vehicles, namely, establishingforeigninvested enterprises to obtain the ownership, control rights and management rights. Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into a specialpurpose vehicle, PRC residents or entities be required to complete foreign exchange registration with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranch. In addition, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the ForeignExchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015, requiring PRC residents or entities toregister with qualified banks rather than the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.39Table of ContentsPRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to special purpose vehicles but had not obtained registration asrequired before the implementation of the Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the special purpose vehicles with qualified banks. Anamendment to the registration is required if there is a material change with respect to the special purpose vehicle registered, such as any change of basic information(including change of the PRC residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers ordivisions. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclosecontrollers of the foreigninvested enterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchangeactivities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, sharetransfer or liquidation, to its offshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities topenalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating toinvestments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our abilityto inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic IndividualsParticipating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issuedby the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in March 2007. Pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residentsparticipating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted company are required to register with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents must conduct the registration and other procedures withrespect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of the overseas publicly listed company or another qualifiedinstitution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevant registration should there be any material change to thestock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of the PRC residents who have the right to exercise the employeestock options, apply to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreign currencies in connectionwith the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the sale of shares under thestock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRC opened by the PRCagents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.We have adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we will have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We haveadvised the recipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.However, we cannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock IncentivePlan Notice. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plansmay subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016, respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014, respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our Marshall Islands holding company may rely on dividend paymentsfrom Hongri PRC, which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on theability of our other PRC subsidiaries to make remittance to Hongri PRC and on the ability of Hongri PRC to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cashgenerated by the operations of those entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We rely to a significant extent on dividends and otherdistributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiary to fund offshore cash and financing requirements.”40Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Overseas ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the StateOwned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective onSeptember 8, 2006 and was amended on June 22, 2009. These regulations, among other things, require that (i) PRC entities or individuals obtain approval from theMinistry of Commerce before they establish or control a special purpose vehicle overseas, provided that they intend to use the special purpose vehicle to acquiretheir equity interests in a PRC company at the consideration of newly issued share of the special purpose vehicle, or Share Swap, and list their equity interests in thePRC company overseas by listing the special purpose vehicle in an overseas market; (ii) the special purpose vehicle obtains approval from the Ministry ofCommerce before it acquires the equity interests held by the PRC entities or PRC individual in the PRC company by Share Swap; and (iii) the special purpose vehicleobtains China Securities Regulatory Commission approval before it lists overseas. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The approval ofthe China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with this offering under a PRC regulation. The regulation also establishes more complexprocedures for acquisitions conducted by foreign investors that could make it more difficult for us to grow through acquisitions.”Regulations Relating to TaxationDividend Withholding TaxIn March 2007, the National People’s Congress enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law which became effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on February 24,2017. According to Enterprise Income Tax Law, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a foreigninvested enterprise in China to its foreignenterprise investors are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that providesfor a preferential withholding arrangement. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Negotiated Reduction of Dividends and Interest Rates,issued on January 29, 2008 and supplemented and revised on February 29, 2008, and the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, which became effective onDecember 8, 2006 and applicable to income derived in any year of assessment commencing on or after April 1, 2007 in Hong Kong and in any year commencing on orafter January 1, 2007 in the PRC, such withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong enterprise is deemed the beneficial owner of any dividend paid by aPRC subsidiary by PRC tax authorities and holds at least 25% of the equity interest in that particular PRC subsidiary at all times within the 12month periodimmediately prior to the distribution of the dividends. Furthermore, pursuant to the Announcement on Issues concerning “Beneficial Owners” in Tax Treaties issuedon February 3, 2018 by the State Administration of Taxation, when determining the status of “beneficial owners,” a comprehensive analysis may be conductedthrough materials such as articles of association, financial statements, records of capital flows, minutes of board of directors, resolutions of board of directors,allocation of manpower and material resources, the relevant expenses, functions and risk assumption, loan contracts, royalty contracts or transfer contracts, patentregistration certificates and copyright certificates, etc. However, even if an applicant has the status as a “beneficiary owner,” if the competent tax authority findsnecessity to apply the principal purpose test clause in the tax treaties or the general antitax avoidance rules stipulated in domestic tax laws, the general antitaxavoidance provisions shall apply.Enterprise Income TaxIn December 2007, the State Council promulgated the Implementing Rules of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008. TheEnterprise Income Tax Law and its relevant implementing rules (i) impose a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate, which is applicable to both foreigninvestedenterprises and domestic enterprises (ii) permits companies to continue to enjoy their existing tax incentives, subject to certain transitional phaseout rules and(iii) introduces new tax incentives, subject to various qualification criteria.41Table of ContentsThe Enterprise Income Tax Law also provides that enterprises organized under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies”located within China may be considered PRC resident enterprises and therefore be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwideincome. The implementing rules further define the term “de facto management body” as the management body that exercises substantial and overall managementand control over the production and operations, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. If an enterprise organized under the laws of jurisdictionoutside China is considered a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, itwould be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. Second, a 10% withholding tax would be imposed on dividends itpays to its nonPRC enterprise shareholders and with respect to gains derived by its nonPRC enterprise shareholders from transfer of its shares.On October 17, 2017, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Bulletin on Issues Concerning the Withholding of NonPRC Resident Enterprise Income Tax atSource, or Bulletin 37, which replaced the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by NonPRC Resident Enterprisesissued by the State Administration of Taxation on December 10, 2009, and partially replaced and supplemented rules under the Bulletin on Issues of EnterpriseIncome Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by NonPRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7, issued by the State Administration of Taxation on February 3, 2015.Under Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by nonPRC resident enterprises may be recharacterizedand treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose ofavoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. In respect of anindirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the relevant gain is to be regarded as effectively connected with the PRC establishment and thereforeincluded in its enterprise income tax filing, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relatesto the immoveable properties in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not effectively connected to a PRC establishment of a nonresident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax at 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similararrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Pursuant to Bulletin 37, the withholding party shalldeclare and pay the withheld tax to the competent tax authority in the place where such withholding party is located within seven days from the date of occurrenceof the withholding obligation. Both Bulletin 37 and Bulletin 7 do not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange wheresuch shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We and our existingshareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a Chinese establishmentof a nonChinese company, or immovable properties located in China owned by nonChinese companies.”ValueAdded TaxIn November 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Pilot Plan for Imposition of ValueAdded Tax to ReplaceBusiness Tax. In March 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation further promulgated the Notice on Fully Promoting the Pilot Plan forReplacing Business Tax by ValueAdded Tax. Pursuant to this Pilot Plan and the relevant notice, value added tax at a rate of 6% is generally imposed, on anationwide basis, on the revenue generated from the provision of service in lieu of business tax in the modern service industries. Value added tax of a rate of 6%applies to revenue derived from the provision of some modern services. Unlike business tax, a taxpayer is allowed to offset the qualified input value added tax paidon taxable purchases against the output value added tax chargeable on the modern services provided.C.Organizational StructureSee “—A. History and Development of the Company—Corporate Structure” above for details of our current organizational structure.42Table of ContentsD.Property, Plants and EquipmentOur company has established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31,2018, this network was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, our company’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The facilityhas a production capacity of 2 million pieces per year and we move in upon the completion of phase 2 in year 2015. By relocating from the coastal area to AnhuiProvince, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a more stable labor supply. We manufacture a variety of menswear products, including, jeans,shirts, suits and socks. Because of its variety and complexity in the production process, these products require special sewing machines and workmanship, whichwe currently do not possess. As a result, the Company is not yet able to produce KBS branded products and has outsourced its KBS branded productmanufacturing to other established ODM and OEM manufacturers in the Fujian and Zhejiang regions. The Company has completed the second phase constructionof its new factory at the end of 2014. The second phase has an annual production capacity of 5 million pieces subject to our purchasing additional equipment.Currently Anhui factory mainly produces OEM orders and some international orders.Our production facility consists of total 110,557 square meters of land. We obtained a portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square metersand 2,440 square meters in May 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildingsand offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need foradditional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of landhas been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Oncethe construction of the new production facilities is completed, our total production capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year fromthe current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.In 2016, we closed 1 corporate store and as of December 31, 2018, we leased the premises for our sole remaining corporate store. We have undertaken variousmeasures to verify the lessees’ rights to the property leased to us in respect of its stores. In China, all land is owned by the State or other governmental bodies, and“ownership” is generally evidenced by a land use rights certificate. We rent some stores that were located in rural areas where land use rights are held collectivelyby villages and records regarding the ownership of land use rights are frequently not kept. In these cases, the company has confirmed our ability to lease the storesthrough communications with village authorities, and has reviewed electricity and water bills to confirm utilities are being paid by the parties leasing the premises tous. Based on the results of these efforts, we believe the risk of third party claims against our leases of these stores is relatively small and the measures taken by ourcompany are sufficient to verify the land use rights for all of its stores.In addition, the property used as our head office and corporate store is leased from a related party, whose ownership of the property has been verified by ourcompany. We paid a total of RMB720,000, RMB 720,000, and RMB 720,000, as rental fees for the existing corporate stores during the fiscal years 2016, 2017 and 2018,respectively. The total area of these 2 corporate stores is 158 square meters. The sales of each store and its location are shown below:AreaSales in fiscalyear 2016(USD)Sales in fiscalyear 2017(USD)Sales in fiscalyear2018(USD)Shishi factory1,240,354.74772,299691,431Quanzhou Dayang (closed in 2016)470,280.90Total:1,710,635.64772,299691,43143Table of ContentsITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot required.ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSWe are engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of casual menswear in China, including apparel and accessories, which we market under the KBSbrand. The KBS brand was developed in 2006. Before 2012, we were engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of fashion sportswear in China. Sinceour products feature a unique and stylish design that is more fashionable than traditional sportswear, as well as quality fabrics and materials and the sportswearmarket was becoming more and more competitive, in late 2011 we turned our focus on casual menswear market which has higher profit margin. KBS’s apparelproducts include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, Jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, belts and caps. In 2016, the suggestedretail prices of KBS’s products ranged from RMB199 to RMB1,499 for its apparel products and RMB15 to RMB899 for its accessory products. KBS holds newproducts launch events twice every year, one in spring and the other in autumn. Since 2006, we have launched about 1,500,536 collections of new products eachyear with a different theme to highlight the current trends for the season. KBS’s marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese.” KBS’scustomers are male middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range, primarily located in tier two and tier three cities in China. The company has adopted “KBS” as auniform brand name, which stands for “Keep Best Style”, and KBS are designed by us for a uniform look and feel that fits our brand image, with instore displaysthat accentuate the quality and style of our products across all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. We believe that the KBSbrand has become a recognized brand name in the cities where their products are sold.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors. Thenumber of stores grew significantly from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006 to 31 corporate stores as of December 31, 2012 and 96franchised stores as of December 31, 2013, and decreased to 84 stores as of December 31, 2014. Because of the recent softening of economic growing in China andfierce competition from our competitors, online store sales of franchised stores and corporate stores went down in 2015 as compared with the previous year. In 2017and 2018, the distributors closed 15 and 8 franchised stores, respectively, and we closed 1 corporate store in year 2016. We generate more revenues from OEM in2018 and intend to generate more in OEM and target area from acquisitions.KBS also acts as an original design manufacturer, or ODM, upon request. Income from such services accounted for 14%, 7.3% and 9% of revenue for the yearsended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, KBS’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The company believesthat the shortage of labor and rising wage expectations in China, especially in the coastal area, could have a material impact on our operations as well as itssuppliers’ cost of manufacturing. By relocating from the coastal area to inland Anhui Province, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a morestable labor supply. Since the company’s original production team was not ready to produce the new style KBS products, KBS has outsourced its productmanufacturing to other established ODM manufacturers. As such, KBS’s own production facility in Taihu mainly takes OEM orders from other sportswearcompanies, like Xtep. Our production facility in Taihu, Anhui Province includes three parcels of land with a total area of 110,557 square meters. We have obtainedland use rights for two parcels of land with an area of 9,845 square meters in 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction ofthe adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire theland use right of the third parcel of land. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 can be continued. Once completed, our totalproduction capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year. We do not necessarilyrely on our own production facility to satisfy the demand of our products as we may outsource some or all of the production work to various ODM and OEMmanufacturers in China.44Table of ContentsA.Principal Factors Affecting Financial PerformanceOur operating results are primarily affected by the following factors:●Growth of China’s menswear industry. With approximately onefifth of the world’s population and a fastgrowing gross domestic product, Chinarepresents a significant growth opportunity for a wide variety of retail goods, including apparel. The enhanced living standards and increased disposableincome that has resulted from the vibrant economic growth has driven the rapid development of the men’s apparel market in China in recent years. China iscurrently one of the world’s largest men’s apparel markets. As a leading provider of casual menswear in China, we believe we are well positioned tocapitalize on the favorable economic, demographic and industry trends in this sector.●Brand recognition. We derive all of our revenues from sales of the KBS branded products in China, and our success depends on the market perceptionand acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture, lifestyle and images associated with this brand. Market acceptance of our brand may affect the sellingprices and market demand for our products, the profit margin of us can achieve, and our ability to grow.●Ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network. The ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in terms of floor area in our salesnetwork affects our results of operations in a given period. The franchised stores operated by our distributors have been and will continue to be the maincontributor to our revenue for the foreseeable future. Under the distribution business model, we sell directly to our distributors and recognize revenuesupon delivery of our products to them. Such distribution network has enabled us to accelerate sales growth at a much lower cost than opening direct storesand has limited our inventory and sales risks. Corporate stores operated by us, on the other hand, despite incurring more significant capital expenditures ascompared with franchised stores, allow us more control over our brand and the consumer’s shopping experience, which are important factors for the overallsuccess of our business. In addition, our corporate store sales generally have a higher gross profit margin than sales to distributors because we are able tosell the products at retail prices directly to the endconsumers and because we recognize expenses relating to our corporate stores as selling anddistribution expenses. Therefore, the ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network will affect our gross profit margin.●Product offering and pricing. Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define menswear trends as well as to anticipate, gauge andreact to changing consumer demands for menswear in a timely manner. Most of our products are subject to changing consumer preferences and fashiontrends that cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumer acceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, andour future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes.●Fluctuations in raw material supply and prices. The per unit cost of producing our products depends on the supply and price of raw materials,particularly fabrics such as cotton, wool and polyester, which have experienced volatility in past years. Increases in the price of raw materials wouldnegatively impact our gross margins if we are not able to offset such price increases through increases in our selling price or changes in product offeringsand mix.Financial Statement PresentationRevenue. During the periods covered by this section, we generated revenue from sales of our menswear products.45Table of ContentsCost of sales. During the periods covered by this section, our cost of sales primarily consisted of the costs of our outsourcing cost, raw materials, labor andoverhead. We did not have any inward or outward freight charges as these charges are borne by our distributors and suppliers.Gross profit and gross margin. For the periods covered by this section, our gross profit is equal to the difference between our net sales and cost of sales. Our grossmargin is equal to the gross profit divided by net sales. Our gross margin may not be comparable to those of other retail entities since some retail entities include allof their distribution network costs in cost of sales and others, like us, include these expenses in another statement of operations line item.Administrative expenses. For the periods covered by this section, general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to ourgeneral management, finance and administrative staff, professional advisor fees, audit fees and other expenses incurred in connection with general operations.Selling expenses. For the periods covered by this section, our selling and marketing expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to our sales andmarketing staff, store rent, business travel, coordination with distributor marketing and promotions, transportation costs and other sales related costs.Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, both in U.S. dollars and as apercentage of or revenue.Year endedDecember 31, 2018Year ended December 31, 2017Year ended December 31, 2016Amount% of SalesAmount% of SalesAmount% of SalesRevenue18,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales20,851,252112%35,274,352148%39,041,93295%Gross (loss)/profit2,316,13712%11,511,81648%2,158,2725%Operating expensesDistribution and selling expenses2,670,95514%3,265,38014%3,606,0109%Administrative expenses4,907,02026%4,879,39721%3,543,9939%Total operating expenses7,577,97541%8,144,77634%7,150,00317%Other income122,1391%461,5642%555,0511%Other gains and losses13,522,30073%122,2441%11,123,76727%Loss from operations23,294,273126%19,317,27281%15,560,44738%Finance costs96,4441%96,3850%71,7830%Change in fair value of warrant liabilities00%00%3,4090%Loss before tax23,390,717126%19,413,65782%15,628,82138%Income tax5,422,11929%4,598,06119%3,726,1339%Loss for the year17,968,59897%14,815,59662%11,902,68829%46Table of ContentsA breakdown of revenue, percentage of revenue and percentage of gross margin by segment for the respective periods is as follows:BybusinessDistribution networkCorporate storesOEMConsolidatedYear endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Sales toexternalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205% of Sales73%63%78%13%29%13%14%7%9%100%100%100%Segmentsgrossmargins2,245,9442,277,8586,623,6175,402,99414,291,6805,727,349845,700502,0071,262,0052,316,13611,511,8162,158,273Grossmarginrate17%15%21%227%205%104%33%29%36%12%48%5%Segment salesFor the year ended December 31, 2018, total revenue decreased by 22% from $23.8 million in 2017 to $18.5 million. Our total revenue of 2017 decreased by 33% from$41.2 million to $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company reports financial and operating results in three segments: distributor network,corporate stores and OEM.Distributor Network —Revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2018 decreased by 10% from $15 million in 2017 to $13 million primarily due to adecrease in sales volume. There was a decrease of revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2017 by 53% from $32.1 million in year 2016 primarily dueto a decrease in sales volume. The distributor segment accounted for 73% of the total revenue in 2018, compared to 63% and 78% during years 2017 and 2016,respectively.In year 2018, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network increased to 17% from 15% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price of newproducts. The sales went down in year 2018 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstockduring previous periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.47Table of ContentsIn year 2017, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network decreased to 15% from 21% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price, and thesales went down in year 2017 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstock duringprevious periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.The Company’s distributor network currently consists of 11 distributors in 12 provinces. Most of these distributors, either directly or through their subdistributors,operate KBSbranded stores. Some wholesale distributors sold the products to multibranded stores and online stores. As of December 31, 2018, distributorsoperated a total of 32 KBSbranded stores, primarily in second and third tier cities. KBS products distributed to the fourth and fifth tier cities are primarily sold inmultibranded department stores.Corporate Stores — Total revenue from corporate store sale for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $6.98 million for year 2017. In 2018 sales fromcorporate store decreased as compared to 2017 due to a decrease in promotion sales of repurchased inventory from certain distributors which are unable to pay offthe debts owed to us.Total revenue from corporate store sales for fiscal year 2017 was $6.98 million, compared to $5.53 million for year 2016. In 2017 sales from corporate stores increasedas compared to 2016 due to an increase in sales volume, which in turn was mainly attributable to the increase in promotion sales on repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors which are unable to pay off the debts owed to us.As of December 31, 2018, we operated 1 corporate store which located in Fujian. Total revenue from corporate store sales of 2018 decreased as compared to 2017because of the decrease the promotion sales of repurchased inventory.The corporate store segment contributed 14% of total revenue in 2018, compared to 29% of 2017 and 13% of 2016. Gross profit margin for the Company’s corporatestore was 232% in 2018, compared to 205% in 2017 and 104% in 2016. The margin compression from 2016 to 2018 is primarily due to: 1) close of 1 corporate store in2016 and the sale of its inventory at a lower price; 2) reduction of sale price of our goods in corporate stores to stimulate sales; 3) loss from sales of repurchasedinventory from certain distributors which sold at big discounted price in year 2017 and year 2018.OEM — The OEM segment is comprised of products that are designed by the customers but manufactured by us. Revenue from the OEM segment increased by$0.83 million to $2.57 million for year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017. Gross profit margin increased to 33%from 29% of year 2017. Revenue from the OEM segment decreased by $1.79 million to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $3.53 million foryear ended December 31, 2016. Gross profit margin decreased to 29% from 36% of year 2016. Our revenues from sales of OEM represented 14%, 9% and 9%,respectively of our total revenues for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.Cost of sales and gross profit rateCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for production purpose,outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges and water and electricity.Our cost of sales decreased from $35 million in year 2017 to $21 million in year 2018. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017.The gross profit rate increased from 48% in year 2017 to 12% in year 2018 due to 1) a decrease in the number of promotion sales in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, whichcaused a loss at RMB 40 million; 2) the higher price of updated new products and improvement of products quality; 3) higher profit margin of OEM segments due tolower amortized fixed fees from big orders from certain customers. In order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continuedoperation, we decided to continue to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors in 2018 and thereafter.48Table of ContentsOur cost of sales decreased from $39 million in year 2016 to $35 million in year 2017. The decrease was consistent with the decrease in our revenue, which resulted ina decrease in purchases by $7 million. The decrease in purchases was mainly due to a challenging retail environment and close of some stores.The gross profit rate decreased from 5% in year 2016 to 48% in year 2017 due to 1) a decrease in the number of our franchised stores from 55 as of December 31,2016 to 40 as of December 31, 2017; 2) in order to make more fair and friendly business environment for our all distributors, we adjusted our price policy to havesame price to our district distributors and province distributors in 2017, the price sell to the district distributor is lower than before. 3) a slowdown in demand inmenswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and our distributors faceddifficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 141.42 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million. Although we are not contractually obligated to buy back the excessiveinventory from any our distributors, in order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continued operation, we decided to do same in2017 to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors and we may implement similar plans in the following years.Administrative expensesAdministrative expenses increased by $0.02 million or 1% to $4.9 million for year 2018 from $4.88 million for 2017. The change was mainly due to the decrease ofoutsourcing design expense and the increase of the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Administrative expenses increased by $1.34 million or 37% to $4.88 million for year 2017 from $3.54 million for 2016. The increase was mainly due to the increase indesign staff expenses and the increase attributable to the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Distribution and selling expensesThe selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.59 million or 18% to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $ 3.2 million in 2017, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expense, products promotion expenses and entertainment expenses.The selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.34 million or 9.45% to $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $ 3.6 million in 2016, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expenses and promotion expense of products including placement order meeting expense.The advertisement expenses of 2018, 2017 and 2016 are relatively even and selling expenses accounted for 6.6%, 7.5% and 9% for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Other gains and lossesOther gains and losses increased by $13.4 million, or 10,875%, to $13.52 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $0.12 million for year 2017. The increasewas mainly due to the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value.Other gains and losses decreased by $11 million, or 98.9%, to $0.12 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $11.1 million for year 2016. The decrease wasmainly due to the fact that there was no additional provision on bad debts from three clients as in 2016.Profit for the yearWe had a loss of $18 million in 2018 as compared to a loss of $14.81 million for 2017, representing a decrease of profit of $3 million or 21%. Net margin was 97% forthe year ended December 31, 2018, compared to 62% for the year ended December 31, 2017.49Table of ContentsWe had a loss of $14.81 million in 2017 as compared to a loss of $11.9 million for 2016, representing a decrease of profit of $2.91 million or 25%. Net margin was 62%for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 29% for the year ended December 31, 2016.Profit for the year decreased from 2018 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons:(1)the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value (2) thedistribution and selling expenses decreased to a small portion of total revenue and the revenue also decreased compared to year ended December 31, 2017; (3) aslowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brands, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling products and paying back the balance owed to us. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 40 million.Profit for the year decreased from 2016 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons: (1) the administrative expenses increased to a large portion of total revenue; and(2) slowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 141.42 millionfrom certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million.B.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesAs of December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $21,026,103. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and cash in the banks. Webelieve that our current levels of cash and cash equivalent and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next12 months. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through net cash flow from operations. Our cash flows are driven by key performance indicatorsincluding the number of orders placed by distributors, number of outlets that each distributor operates the pricing of our products, sales of our corporate stores, andthe collect portion of account receivable. Currently there is only minimal cash held by offshore subsidiaries and there is no need for these subsidiaries to transfercash to Hongri PRC.The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this report:Fiscal Year Ended December 31201820172016Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(3,703,354)$1,922,252$3,194,287Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities52,932(865,365)45,445Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(3,907,291)(39,024)4,919,241Effects of exchange rate change in cash(1,117,062)1,513,138(1,556,980)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080Cash and cash equivalent at end of the period$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,34150Table of ContentsOperating ActivitiesThe net cash provided by operating activities consists of profit before tax, as adjusted by finance costs, change in fair value of warrant liabilities, interest income,shared based compensation, bad debt allowance, depreciation of property, plant and equipment, amortization of prepaid lease payment and trademark, amortizationof subsidies prepaid to distributors, amortization of prepayment and premiums under operating leases, provision(Reversal) of inventory obsolescence, provision ofimpairment loss in prepayments, loss(gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment, deferred income tax, which include trade and other receivables, prepaymentand deferred expenses, inventory, trade and other payables.Net cash used in operating activities in fiscal year 2018 was $3.7 million, compared with net cash provided by operating activities of $1.9 million in the year endedDecember 31, 2017. The change is mainly due to the increase of provision of Anhui property and the increase of deferred tax due to the loss of fiscal year 2018.Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.9 million, compared with $3.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2016. The change is mainlydue to the decrease in the amount of collection of account receivable.Investing ActivitiesNet cash provided by investing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.05 million, compared with $0.8 million net cash used in investing activities in 2017. The net cashprovided in investing activities in 2018 was interest received from our bank deposits.Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $0.8 million, compared with $0.04 million net cash provided by investing activities in 2016. The net cashused in investing activities in 2017 was to purchase fire protection facility.Financing ActivitiesNet cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.26 million, compared with $1.1 million net cash used in financing activities in 2017. It mainly consistedof repayment of bank loans in 2018.Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.1 million, compared with $1.68 million net cash provided by financing activities in 2016. It mainlyconsisted of interests paid for our bank loans.Loans, Other Commitments, ContingenciesAs of December 31, 2018, we had bank loans in an amount of $1,092,785. We may, however, in the future, require additional cash resources due to changing businessconditions, implementation of our strategy to expand our business or other investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our own financial resources areinsufficient to satisfy the capital requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain additional credit facilities. The sale of additionalequity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require usto agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overallbusiness prospects.C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.Our industry is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and changing customer demands. These conditions require continuousexpenditures on product research and development to enhance existing products create new products and avoid product obsolescence. See Item 3 “Key Information—D. Risk Factors—If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected,” —“Ifwe are unable to keep pace with the rapid technological changes in our industry, demand for our products and services could decline which would adversely affectour revenue,” and —“Our technology may become obsolete which could materially adversely affect our ability to sell our products and services.” For a detailedanalysis of research and development costs, see Item 5.A. “Operating Results—Results of Operations—Research and development expenses”.D.Trend InformationOther than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that wouldcause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.E.Off Balance Sheet ArrangementsWe do not have any off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes infinancial condition, sales or expenses, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures, or capital resources that are material to an investment in our securities.51Table of ContentsF.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual ObligationsThe table below shows our material contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018.Payments Due by PeriodLess than1 year13 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsContractual ObligationsConstruction Obligations$64,088,236Operating Lease Obligations$78,532146,7052,225,030Total$64,166,768146,7052,225,030Anhui Factory Construction ContractOn November 20, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party for the construction of a new plant with a total size of 110,557 square meters, atTaihu City, Anhui at a consideration of RMB 690 million (equivalent to approximately $104 million). This is the frame contract for the construction of Anhui factoryand round estimation. By December 31, 2016 we had already paid about $37.75 million in total on the phase 1, 2, 3 of construction based on detailed phase contractand the balance of construction cost of the Anui factory need to be determined based on the ontime budget on every phase. The majority of funds for constructionexpenses came from the cash balance on the account as of December 31, 2018 and the new profit of following year.Anhui Land Use Right Acquisition ContractOn September 2, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party to acquire a land use right in relation to the development of factories in Taihu City,Anhui Province, at a total consideration of RMB 43 million (approximately $6.3 million). Full consideration was paid in September 2010. There are three parts of theland. The Company has obtained land use rights certificates for the first parcel of land with 7,405 square meters on March 19, 2012, and the second parcel of landwith 2,440 square meters on May 26, 2012. The Company is currently in the process of obtaining the land use right certificate for the third parcel of the land with100,712 square meters.Except as set forth above, we have no other material longterm debt, capital or operating lease or fixed purchase obligations.InflationInflation and changing prices have not had a material effect on our business, and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect ourbusiness in the foreseeable future. However, our management will closely monitor price changes in the Chinese economy and the apparel industry and continuallymaintain effective cost controls in operations.52Table of ContentsSeasonalityOur business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal. Historically, we have realized more of our revenue and earnings in the fourth quarter, which includes themajority of the holiday shopping season, than in any other fiscal quarter.Critical Accounting PoliciesThe preparation of financial statements is in conformity with IFRS as issued by the IASB. It requires the Company’s management to make assumptions, estimatesand judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. The Company hasidentified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of Company’s financial statements. These accounting policies are important for anunderstanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of theCompany’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to makeestimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitivebecause of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly frommanagement’s current judgments. The Company believes the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in thepreparation of the Company’s financial statements.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects the considerationto which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled in exchange fortransferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that asignificant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration issubsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to the customerfor more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would be reflected in a separatefinancing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financing component which provides theCompany a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interest expense accreted on the contract liabilityunder the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services is oneyear or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component, using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of the goods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receiptsover the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.53Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with thedividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. Revenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer. Revenue from allabove categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of thetransaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered and title has passed.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting the deductible inputVAT of the period, is VAT payable.54Table of ContentsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial periodof time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use orsale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal government retirementbenefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fund their retirementbenefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal government takes responsibility for theretirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly, the only obligation of the Groupwith respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employment with the Group. There are no provisionsunder the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans are considered defined contribution plans. The Grouphas no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixed contributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pensionschemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service is performed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised inother comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Groupoperates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable taxregulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred taxassets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which thosedeductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or fromthe initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accountingprofit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able to control thereversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising fromdeductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profitsagainst which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.55Table of ContentsThe carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficienttaxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based ontax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assetsreflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carryingamount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when thedeferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities wherethere is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, inwhich case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arisesfrom the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.Store preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll and supplies.The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenses when occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases areclassified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes. Leaseholdimprovements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes other thanconstruction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful lives and aftertaking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction in progressis carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment whencompleted and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for theirintended use.56Table of ContentsAn item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of theasset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) isincluded in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.The Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights to use theland on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizable valuerepresents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fair valuethrough profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model formanaging them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the practicalexpedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus in the case of a financialasset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group hasapplied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance with the policies set out for “Revenue recognition(applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cash flowsthat are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established by regulation orconvention in the marketplace.57Subsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognised inthe income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversals arerecognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair value changes arerecognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive income is recycled to theincome statement.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under HKAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. The classification isdetermined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statement when theright of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and the amount of the dividendcan be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains arerecorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income are not subject to impairmentassessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value throughprofit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for thepurpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading unless they aredesignated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interest are classified and measured atfair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to be classified at amortised cost or at fairvalue through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition ifdoing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.58Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in theincome statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separate derivative if theeconomic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet thedefinition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changesin fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cashflows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between thecontractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the originaleffective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to thecontractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are providedfor credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been asignificant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespectiveof the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. When making theassessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on thefinancial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort,including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider afinancial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full beforetaking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering thecontractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the general approach andthey are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach as detailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured at anamount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets and for whichthe loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the loss allowance ismeasured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs59Simplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of asignificant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not track changes incredit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on itshistorical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt the simplifiedapproach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed from theGroup’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to what extent, ithas retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset nortransferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Groupalso recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that theGroup has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and the maximumamount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’sfinancial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.Subsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method unless theeffect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement when the liabilities arederecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.60Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantiallymodified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference between therespective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right tooffset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to the contractualprovisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financialassets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.The Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. Theeffective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of theeffective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, where appropriate, a shorter period tothe net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.61Table of ContentsReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including trade and otherreceivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment (seeaccounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a resultof one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have been affected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequently assessed forimpairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience of collecting payments,and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national or local economic conditions thatcorrelate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between the asset’scarrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.The carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables, where thecarrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized in profit or loss. When atrade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off arecredited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment losseswas recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset at the date theimpairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.G.Safe HarborSee “Introductory Notes—ForwardLooking Information.”62Table of ContentsITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEESA.Directors and Senior ManagementThe following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors and senior management, as well as employees upon whose work we are dependent, as ofthe date of this annual report.NAMEAGEPOSITIONKeyan Yan47Chairman and Chief Executive OfficerThemis Kalapotharakos44Executive DirectorLixiaTu37Chief Financial Officer and DirectorJohn Sano49Independent DirectorMatthew C. Los54Independent DirectorZhongmin Zhang76Independent DirectorYuet Mei Chan38Independent DirectorMr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has been the Chairman of our board of directors and Chief Executive Officer since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr.Yan has over 16 years of senior management experience. He served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of KBS International between March 2011 and August2014. From 1994 to present, Mr. Yan has served as general manager of Hongri PRC. Prior to joining us, Mr. Yan served as workshop manager, production managerand marketing manager of Zhenshi Knitting Factory in Shishi, China from 19891994. Mr. Yan obtained a certificate of corporate management from Xiamen Universityin 1992.Ms. Lixia Tu. Ms. Tu became the Company’s Chief Financial Officer on June 25, 2015. Ms. Tu has more than night years of accounting and audit experience, familiarwith IFRS, US GAAP, SarbanesOxley and the compliance requirements of SEC. After she worked as a project manager at BDO China Fu Jian SHU LUN PANCertified Public Accountants for four years, she worked as a CFO or a financial consultant for some other companies. Ms. Tu holds a Master’s degree inprofessional accounting from the University of Deakin in Australia. Ms. Tu is also a member of the Chartered Association of Certified Accountants.Mr. Themis Kalapotharakos. Mr. Kalapotharakos became our executive director on June 15, 2015. Mr. Kalapotharakos has acquired a range of expertise of a widespectrum of business activities. He has extensive highlevel experience at the Shipping, Trading and Finance industries where he has founded, developed andoperated various businesses starting from the ground up. His roles involved regular communication and coordination with investors, financial institutions, capitalmarket authorities, custodian and administrative banks, auditors and legal counsel. He holds a Bachelor’s degree from Cardiff University and an MSc Degree fromCass Business School in the UK.John Sano. Mr. Sano has been an independent director of the Company since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr. Sano has over 20 years ofexperience in apparel & home furnishings concept, design, sourcing, production, and ecommerce. He has extensive experience in all aspects of the retail clothingsupply chain, from conceptualization to final production and distribution. Mr. Sano has also advised and worked closely with numerous top brands in the US. Hehas been General Director of Sano Design Services since 2002. Mr. Sano has an associate’s degree in interior design from Traphagen School of Design.Mr. Matthew C. Los. Mr. Los became our director on October 8, 2015. Mr. Los has acquired a range of expertise of a wide spectrum of business activities. He hasover 20 years’ experience at high level management, and has founded, developed and operated various businesses in the shipping, energy, telecommunications realestate industries starting from the ground up. He also has experience in the capital markets and was the CEO of Aquasition Corp., the predecessor of the Company,prior to the Share Exchange. Mr. Los has a BSc in Mechanical Engineering and Computer Aided Design from University of Westminster in the UK.Mr. Zhongmin Zhang. Mr. Zhang became our director on July 10, 2017. He has over 45 years of extensive experience in many facets of textile business, including inproduction, marketing, and management. Currently, Mr. Zhang is the president of Zhengzhou Guangda Textile Printing & Dyeing Co., Ltd. which has an annualproduction of 216 million meters of various textile products, with a value of RMB 800 million. Holding a title of Senior Engineer, Mr. Zhang graduated from HarbinInstitute of Technology in 1965. He also has certificates in finance management and civil law.Mr. Yuet Mei Chan. Ms. Chan became our director on July 10, 2017. She has over 15 years of experience in the banking industry. She held several senior positions ina prestigious bank in Hong Kong from 20012016. She is currently a financial consultant at AIA and specializes in analyzing financial situations and market trends.Ms. Chan holds a diploma in Computing and Business Studies from Hong Kong St. Perth College.No family relationship exists between any of the persons named above.63Table of ContentsB.CompensationIn 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $207,268 in cash as compensation to our directors and senior management as a group, and some of our directors andexecutive officers also received compensation in the form of annual salaries and bonuses. We do not set aside or accrue any amounts for pension, retirement orother benefits for our directors and senior management. However, we reimburse our directors for outofpocket expenses incurred in connection with their services insuch capacity.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to our executive officers and directors as compensations for theirservices. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to the Company’s executiveofficers, directors and certain employees as compensations for their service. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.2018 Equity Incentive PlanOn December 24, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2018 Plan, pursuant to which the Company may offerup to two million shares of common stock as equity incentives to its directors, employees and consultants. Such number of shares is subject to adjustment in theevent of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, stock splits, stock dividends, or other change in the corporate structure of the Companyaffecting the shares issuable under the 2018 Plan. As of December 31, 2018, we have not granted any equity awards under the 2018 Plan.The following paragraphs summarize the terms of our 2018 Plan:Purpose. The purposes of the 2018 Plan are to promote the longterm growth and profitability of the Company and its affiliates by stimulating the efforts ofemployees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates who are selected to be participants, aligning the longterm interests of participants with thoseof shareholders, heightening the desire of participants to continue in working toward and contributing to our success, attracting and retaining the best availablepersonnel for positions of substantial responsibility, and generally providing additional incentive for them to promote the success of our business through the grantof awards of or pertaining to our common stock. The 2018 Plan permits the grant of ISOs, NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share AppreciationRights, Performance Units and Performance Shares as the administrator of the 2018 Plan may determine.Administration. The 2018 Plan is administered by our Board. The administrator has the authority to determine the specific terms and conditions of all awards grantedunder the 2018 Plan, including, without limitation, the number of shares of common stock subject to each award, the price to be paid for the shares and the applicablevesting criteria. The administrator has discretion to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2018 Plan.Eligibility. NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share Appreciation Rights, Performance Units and Performance Shares may be granted to employees,directors or consultants either alone or in combination with any other awards. ISOs may be granted only to employees of the Company, and of any parent orsubsidiary.Shares Available for Issuance Under the 2018 Plan. Subject to adjustment as described below, (a) the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issuedunder the 2018 Plan is 2,000,000 shares of common stock, (b) to the extent consistent with Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the“Code”), not more than an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of common stock may be issued under ISOs, and (c) not more than 200,000 shares of common stock (or forawards denominated in cash, the Fair Market Value of 200,000 shares of common stock on the Grant Date, as defined in the 2018 Plan), may be awarded to anyindividual participant in the aggregate in any one fiscal year of the Company, such limitation to be applied in a manner consistent with the requirements of, and onlyto the extent required for compliance with, the exclusion from the limitation on deductibility of compensation under Code Section 162(m). The number and class ofshares available under the 2018 Plan are subject to adjustment in the event of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, share splits, sharedividends, or other similar events which change the number or kind of shares outstanding.64Table of ContentsTransferability. Unless otherwise provided in the 2018 Plan or otherwise determined by the administrator, an award may not be sold, pledged, assigned,hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution and may be exercised, during the lifetime of theparticipant, only by the participant. However, the administrator may, at or after the grant of an award other than an ISO, provide that such award may be transferredby the recipient to a “family member” (as defined in the 2018 Plan); provided, however, that any such transfer is without payment of any consideration whatsoeverand that no transfer shall be valid unless first approved by the administrator, acting in its sole discretion, and as required by our Amended and Restated Articles ofIncorporation. If the administrator makes an award transferable, such award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the administrator deemsappropriate.Termination of, or Amendments to, the 2018 Plan. The Board may at any time amend, alter, suspend or terminate the 2018 Plan, provided that the Company willobtain shareholder approval of any 2018 Plan amendment to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with applicable Laws. No amendment, alteration,suspension or termination of the 2018 Plan will impair the rights of any participant, unless mutually agreed otherwise between the participant and the administrator,which agreement must be in writing and signed by the participant and the Company. Termination of the 2018 Plan will not affect the administrator’s ability to exercisethe powers granted to it hereunder with respect to awards granted prior to the date of such termination.The 2018 Plan will terminate five years following the date it was adopted by the Board, unless sooner terminated by the Board.Employment AgreementsPlease refer to Item 10 “Additional Information—C. Material Contracts.”C.Board PracticesOur board of directors currently consists of seven members, Keyan Yan, Lixia Tu, John Sano, Themis Kalapotharakos, Matthew C. Los, Yuet Mei Chan andZhongmin Zhang.The Board has established the Audit Committee, which is comprised entirely of independent directors. From time to time, the Board may establish other committees.Audit CommitteeOur Audit Committee is currently composed of three members: Yuet Mei Chan, John Sano and Matthew C. Los. Our Board of Directors determined that each memberof the Audit Committee meets the independence criteria prescribed by applicable regulation and the rules of the SEC for audit committee membership. Each AuditCommittee member also meets NASDAQ’s financial literacy requirements. Matthew C. Los serves as Chair of the Audit Committee.Our Board of Directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is the “audit committee financial expert” as such term is defined in Item 407(d) of Regulation SKpromulgated by the SEC and also meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements.The Audit Committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our Company. The Audit Committee isresponsible for, among other things:●the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the independent auditor;●reviewing and preapproving all auditing services and permissible nonaudit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed by theindependent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed relatedparty transactions;●discussing the interim and annual financial statements with management and our independent auditors;●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor (a) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls, (b) theCompany’s internal audit procedures, and (c) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, and managementreports thereon;65Table of Contents●reviewing reported violations of the Company’s code of conduct and business ethics; and●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor various topics and events that may have significant financial impact on theCompany or that are the subject of discussions between management and the independent auditors.D.EmployeesAs of December 31, 2018, we employed 370 fulltime employees. The following table sets forth the number of our fulltime employees by function. FunctionNumber ofEmployeesManagement and Administration28Marketing, Sales and Distribution18Design and Product Development20Production281Procurement, Warehousing and Logistics19Quality and Assurance7TOTAL370We believe that we have maintained a satisfactory working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any significant labor disputes or anydifficulty in recruiting staff for company’s operations. None of company’s employees is represented by a labor union.Our employees in China participate in a state pension plan organized by Chinese municipal and provincial governments. The company is required to make monthlycontributions to the plan for each employee at the rate of 23% of his or her average assessable salary. In addition, the company is required by Chinese law to coveremployees in China with various types of social insurance. The company believes that it is in material compliance with the relevant PRC laws.E.Share OwnershipThe following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of each class of our voting securities as of April 26, 2019 (i) by each person who is knownby us to beneficially own more than 5% of our voting securities; (ii) by each of our officers and directors; and (iii) by all of our officers and directors as a group.NameOffice, If AnyTitle of ClassAmount andNature ofBeneficialOwnership(1)Percent ofClass(2)Officers and DirectorsKeyan Yan(3)Chairman, CEO and PresidentCommon Stock964,32037.21%Lixia TuChief Financial Officer and DirectorCommon Stock60,0002.32%Themis KalapotharakosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%John SanoDirectorCommon Stock5,0000.19%Matthew C. LosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%Zhongmin ZhangDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%Yuet Mei ChanDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%All officers and directors as a group (7 personsnamed above)1,129,32043.58%5% Security HoldersKeyan Yan (3)Common Stock964,32037.21%Alliance Investment Management Limited(4)Common Stock195,488(4)7.54%*Less than 1%(1)Beneficial Ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Eachof the beneficial owners listed above has direct ownership of and sole voting power and investment power with respect to our common stock.66Table of Contents(2)As of April 26, 2019, a total of 2,591,299 shares of commons stock are considered to be outstanding pursuant to SEC Rule 13d3(d)(1). For each Beneficial Ownerabove, any securities that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days have been included in the denominator.(3)Includes 20,000 shares of common stock owned by Bizhen Chen, Mr. Yan’s wife.(4)Based solely on Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on August 8, 2018, in which Alliance Investment Management reported it has sole voting and dispositivepower with respect to 195,488 shares of our common stock. The address of the reporting person is 7 Belmont Road, Kingston, Jamaica.None of our existing shareholders has voting rights that differ from the voting rights of other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at asubsequent date, result in our change in control.ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSA.Major ShareholdersPlease refer to Item 6 “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.”B.Related Party TransactionsFrom time to time, KBS and its subsidiaries borrowed money from our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Keyan Yan, to pay for Company expenses. Theseamounts are interestfree, unsecured and repayable on demand. In years 2017 and 2016, Mr. Yan paid all the Company expenses in connection with the Company’sNasdaq continued listing and SEC reporting out of his pocket. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of these amounts we borrowed from Mr. Yan was$485,302 and $35,483, respectively.C.Interests of Experts and CounselNot applicable.ITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATIONA.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial InformationFinancial StatementsWe have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this report. See Item 18 “Financial Statements.”Legal Proceedings We may be subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our business from time to time. We are currently not party to anylegal or arbitration proceedings, including those relating to bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings and those involving any third party, which may have, orhave had in the recent past, significant effects on our financial position or profitability.Dividend PolicyTo date, we have not paid any cash dividends on our shares. As a Marshall Islands company, we may only declare and pay dividends except when the corporationis insolvent or would thereby be made insolvent or when the declaration or payment would be contrary to any restrictions contained in our Articles ofIncorporation. Dividends may be declared and paid out of surplus only; but in case there is no surplus, dividends may be declared or paid out of the net profits forthe fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and for the preceding fiscal year. We currently anticipate that we will retain any available funds to finance thegrowth and operation of our business and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our cash held in foreign countriesmay be subject to certain control limitations or repatriation requirements, limiting our ability to use this cash to pay dividends.67Table of ContentsB.Significant ChangesNo significant change has occurred since the date of our consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTINGA.Offer and Listing DetailsOur common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market and trade under the symbol “KBSF.” Between January 23, 2013 and November 3, 2014, our commonstock was traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “AQU.” Our Warrants and Units are quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “KBSFW”and “KBSFU”, respectively. Prior to November 3, 2014, our Warrants and Units were quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “AQUUF” and “AQUUU”,respectively. Before their quotation on the OTC Markets, our Units commenced to trade on the Nasdaq Stock Market on October 26, 2012 and our Warrantscommenced to trade separately from its Units on January 23, 2013.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.Approximate Number of Holders of Our SecuritiesOn April 26, 2019, there was 1 holder of record of our Units, 359 shareholders of record of our common stock and 1 holder of record of our Warrants. Certain of oursecurities are held in nominee or street name so the actual number of beneficial owners of our securities is greater than the number of record holders set forth above.B.Plan of DistributionNot applicable.C.MarketsSee our disclosures above under “A. Offer and Listing Details.”D.Selling ShareholdersNot applicable. E.DilutionNot applicable.F.Expenses of the IssueNot applicable.68Table of ContentsITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONA.Share CapitalOur Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation authorize the Company to issue up to 155,000,000 shares with a par value of $0.0001, consisting of 150,000,000shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of date of this report, there are 2,591,299 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Wehave never issued any preferred stock.●As of date of this report, we have 717 IPO Units outstanding.●As of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding (including 369,302 IPO Warrants and 24,534 Placement Warrants), each warrant entitles theholder to purchase one share of common stock at a purchase price of $172.5.B.Memorandum and Articles of AssociationThe following represents a summary of certain key provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. The summary does not purport to be a summary of allof the provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. For more complete information you should read our amended and restated articles ofincorporation and bylaws, each listed as an exhibit to this report.We were incorporated in the Marshall Islands on January 26, 2012 under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BCA”). The purpose of the Company isto engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may now or hereafter be organized under the BCA. Our amended and restated articles of incorporationand bylaws do not impose any limitations on the ownership rights of our stockholders.Description of Common StockEach outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Upon our dissolution, liquidation orwinding up of the affairs of the Company, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidationpreferences, if any, the holders or our common stock will be entitled to receive pro rata our remaining assets available for distribution. Holders of common stock donot have conversion, redemption or preemptive rights to subscribe to any of our securities.Blank Check Preferred Stock.Our Board of Directors is authorized, without any further vote or action by our stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in different classesand series and, with respect to each class or series, to determine the designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights,conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the powers and rights associated with the common stock,at such times and on such other terms as they think proper. Our Board of Directors may issue shares of preferred stock on terms calculated to discourage, delay orprevent a change of control of our company or the removal of our management.WarrantsAs of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding, among which 369,302 warrants were issued to the public in our IPO (the “IPO Warrants”). Each ofthe IPO Warrants entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.5 expiring on July 31, 2019, provided that there is an effectiveregistration statement covering the shares of common stock underlying the IPO Warrants.69Table of ContentsThe Company may redeem the IPO Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon 30 days’ notice, after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, only inthe event that the last sale price of the shares of common stock is at least $17.50 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30trading day period (“30Day TradingPeriod”) ending three business days prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is a current registration statement in effect with respectto the shares of common stock underlying such IPO Warrants throughout the 30day redemption period. The Company is only required to use its best efforts tomaintain the effectiveness of the registration statement covering the underlying common stock of the IPO Warrants. There are no contractual penalties for failure todeliver securities if a registration statement is not effective at the time of exercise. Additionally, in the event that a registration statement is not effective at the time ofexercise, the holder of such warrant shall not be entitled to exercise such warrant for cash and in no event (whether in the case of a registration statement not beingeffective or otherwise) will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrant exercise.In addition, Aqua Investments Corp., an entity controlled by certain founding shareholders of the Company, acquired 24,534 warrants, each entitles the holder topurchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50, expiring on July 31, 2019 (the “Placement Warrants”). The Placement Warrants are identical to the IPOWarrants except that the Placement Warrants (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis; (ii) will not be redeemable by the Company and (ii) may beexercised even if there is not an effective registration statement relating to the shares underlying the warrants, so long as they are held by the initial purchaser orany of its permitted transferees.As of date of this report, we also have 717 IPO Units outstanding and publicly trading, each including one IPO Warrant and one share of our common stock.DirectorsThe business and affairs of the Company are managed by or under the direction of our Board of Directors.Our directors are elected by the holders of the shares representing a majority of the total voting power of the thenoutstanding capital stock of the Company entitledto vote generally in the election of directors (“Voting Stock”). Our amended and restated articles of incorporation provide that cumulative voting shall not be used toelect directors. Each director will be elected to serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his/her successor shall have been duly elected andqualified, except in the event of his/her death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of his/her term of office.Any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of thetotal voting power of the Voting Stock entitled to vote thereon or with cause by directors constituting at least twothirds of the entire Board.Vacancies in the Board of Directors occurring by death, resignation, the creation of new directorships, the failure of the shareholders to elect the whole board at anyannual election of directors, or, except as herein provided, for any other reason, including removal of directors for cause, may be filled either by the affirmative voteof a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, at any special meeting called for that purpose or at any regular meeting of theBoard. Vacancies occurring by removal of directors without cause may be filled only by vote of the shareholders.Shareholder MeetingsAnnual stockholder meetings will be held at a time and place selected by our board of directors. The meetings may be held in or outside of the Marshall Islands.Under our amended and restated articles of incorporation, special meetings may be called by the board of directors, or by the secretary of the Company requestedby stockholders representing certain amount of voting power. Our board of directors shall give not less than 15 days and not more than 60 days prior written noticeof a shareholders’ meeting to each shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat and to each shareholder of record who, by reason of any action proposed at suchmeeting would be entitled to have his/her shares appraised if such action were taken, and the notice shall include a statement of that purpose and to that effect.Our bylaws provide that a meeting of shareholders is duly constituted if, at the commencement of the meeting, there are shareholders present in person or by proxyrepresenting not less than a majority of the votes of the shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on resolutions of shareholders to be considered at themeeting.70Table of ContentsIf a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of stock represented at the meeting will be the act of the shareholders. At any meeting ofshareholders, each shareholder entitled to vote any shares on any manner to be voted upon at such meeting shall be entitled to one vote on such matter for eachsuch share. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the action so taken, issigned by all the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof.Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal and Payment.Under the BCA, our stockholders have the right to dissent from various corporate actions, including any merger or sale of all or substantially all of our assets notmade in the usual course of our business, and receive payment of the fair value of their shares. However, the right of a dissenting stockholder to receive payment ofthe fair value of his or her shares shall not be available for any shares of stock of the constituent corporation surviving a merger if the merger did not require for itsapproval the vote of the stockholders of the surviving corporation. In the event of any further amendment of our articles of incorporation, a stockholder also has theright to dissent and receive payment for his or her shares if the amendment alters certain rights in respect of those shares. The dissenting stockholder must followthe procedures set forth in the BCA to receive payment. In the event that we and any dissenting stockholder fail to agree on a price for the shares, the BCAprocedures involve, among other things, the institution of proceedings in the circuit court in the judicial circuit in the Marshall Islands in which our Marshall Islandsoffice is situated. The value of the shares of the dissenting stockholder is fixed by the court after reference, if the court so elects, to the recommendations of a courtappointed appraiser.Stockholders’ Derivative ActionsUnder the BCA, any of our stockholders may bring an action in our name to procure a judgment in our favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that thestockholder bringing the action is a holder of common stock both at the time the derivative action is commenced and at the time of the transaction to which theaction relates.Indemnification of Officers and DirectorsThe BCA authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors and officers to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages forbreaches of directors’ fiduciary duties. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation include a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors formonetary damages for actions taken as a director to the fullest extent permitted by law. We must indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorizedby law. We are also expressly authorized to advance certain expenses (including attorneys’ fees and disbursements and court costs) to our directors and offices andcarry directors’ and officers’ insurance providing indemnification for our directors, officers and certain employees for some liabilities.The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws may discourage stockholders frombringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigationagainst directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. In addition, your investment may beadversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.C.Material ContractsWe have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in Item 4 “Information on theCompany,” Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations,” Item 7 “Major Shareholders and RelatedParty Transactions,” or filed (or incorporated by reference) as exhibits to this annual report or otherwise described or referenced in this annual report.D.Exchange ControlsMarshall Islands Exchange ControlsUnder Marshall Islands law, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect theremittance of dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our shares.71Table of ContentsBVI Exchange ControlsThere are no material exchange controls restrictions on payment of dividends, interest or other payments to the holders of our common stock or on the conduct ofour operations in the BVI, where we were incorporated. There are no material BVI laws that impose any material exchange controls on us or that affect the paymentof dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our common stock. BVI law and our memorandum and articles of association do not impose anymaterial limitations on the right of nonresidents or foreign owners to hold or vote our common stock.PRC Exchange ControlsRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued bySAFE and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade and service payments, payment ofinterest and dividends can be made without prior approval from SAFE by following the appropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMBinto foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRC for the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments,loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from SAFE or its local office.On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency Management Policy on Direct Investment, effective fromJune 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investmentfrom SAFE. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for the purpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed withqualified banks, which, under the supervision of SAFE, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise, or SAFE Circular 19,was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to SAFE Circular 19, a foreigninvested enterprise may, according to its actualbusiness needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchange bureau has confirmedmonetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the time being, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shall truthfully use itscapital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equity investment with theamount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open a corresponding Account forForeign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming andRegulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or SAFE Circular 16, was promulgated and became effective on June 9,2016. According to SAFE Circular 16, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreign currency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionarybasis. SAFE Circular 16 provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items (including but not limited to foreigncurrency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. SAFE Circular 16 reiterates the principle thatRenminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope andmay not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guarantee the principal within the PRCunless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless it is within the businessscope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Optimizing Genuineness and ComplianceVerification, or SAFE Circular 3, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits from domestic entities tooffshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution, original copies oftax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses before remitting any profits.Moreover, pursuant to SAFE Circular 3, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provide boardresolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.72Table of ContentsRegulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsSAFE issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special PurposeVehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issues Concerning theRegulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles, to regulateforeign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investment and financing orconduct round trip investment in China. SAFE Circular 37 defines a SPV as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly or indirectly, by PRC residents orentities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets or interests, while “round tripinvestment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through SPVs, namely, establishing foreigninvested enterprises to obtain theownership, control rights and management rights. SAFE Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into an SPV, PRC residents or entities be required tocomplete foreign exchange registration with SAFE or its local branch. In addition, SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving theAdministration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended SAFE Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015,requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.PRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to SPVs but had not obtained registration as required before theimplementation of the SAFE Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the SPVs with qualified banks. An amendment to the registration isrequired if there is a material change with respect to the SPV registered, such as any change of basic information (including change of the PRC residents, name andoperation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers or divisions. Failure to comply with the registrationprocedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclose controllers of the foreigninvestedenterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to itsoffshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities to penalties under PRC foreignexchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companiesby PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRCsubsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansSAFE promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan ofOverseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issued by SAFE in March 2007. Pursuant tothe Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residents participating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted companyare required to register with SAFE or its local branches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents mustconduct the SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of theoverseas publicly listed company or another qualified institution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevantSAFE registration should there be any material change to the stock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of thePRC residents who have the right to exercise the employee stock options, apply to SAFE or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreigncurrencies in connection with the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the saleof shares under the stock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRCopened by the PRC agents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.73Table of ContentsWe adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We have advised therecipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice. However, wecannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subjectthe PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016 respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014 respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our BVI holding company may rely on dividend payments from IST,which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on the ability of ourconsolidated VIEs to make remittance to IST and on the ability of IST to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations ofthose entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends andother distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you,and otherwise fund and conduct our business”E.TaxationThe following is a general summary of the material Marshall Islands, Hong Kong, BVI, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to an investmentin our units, shares of common stock and warrants to acquire our shares of common stock, sometimes referred to collectively in this summary as our “securities”.The discussion is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal or tax advice to any particular prospective purchaser. The discussion is based on lawsand relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change or different interpretations, possibly withretroactive effect. The discussion does not address United States state or local tax laws, or tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Marshall Islands, Hong Kong,the BVI, the PRC and the United States. We recommend that you consult your own tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquisition, ownership anddisposition of our securities.Marshall Islands TaxationThe following are the material Marshall Islands tax consequences of our activities to us and to our stockholders and warrant holders of investing in our CommonStock and warrants. Under current Marshall Islands law, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains, and no Marshall Islands withholding tax or income taxwill be imposed upon payments of dividends by us to our stockholders or proceeds from the disposition of our common stock and warrants, provided suchstockholders or warrant holders, as the case may be, are not residents in the Marshall Islands. There is no tax treaty between the United States and the Republic ofthe Marshall Islands.BVI TaxationThe BVI does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid to us by our BVI subsidiary, nor does the BVI levy any capital gains or income taxes on us or our BVIsubsidiary. However, our BVI subsidiary is required to pay the BVI government an annual license fee based on the number of shares it is authorized to issue.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the BVI.74Table of ContentsHong Kong TaxationOur Hong Kong subsidiaries, under the current laws of Hong Kong, are subject to profits tax of 16.5%. No provision for Hong Kong profits tax has been made asour Hong Kong subsidiaries have no taxable income.PRC TaxationWe are a holding company incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which indirectly holds our equity interests in our PRC operating subsidiaries. The EIT Law and itsimplementation rules, both of which became effective as of January 1, 2008, provide that a PRC enterprise is subject to a standard income tax rate of 25% and Chinasourced income of foreign enterprises, such as dividends paid by a PRC subsidiary to its overseas parent, will normally be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of10%, unless there are applicable treaties between the overseas parent’s jurisdiction of incorporation and China to reduce such rate.Under the Arrangement between the Mainland and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention ofFiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, or the Double Taxation Arrangement, effective as of January 1, 2007, such dividend withholding tax rate is reducedto 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns over 25% of the PRC company distributing the dividends. Under the aforesaid arrangement, any dividends that ourPRC operating subsidiaries pay to their Hong Kong holding companies may be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 5% if they are not considered to be a PRC“resident enterprise” as described below. However, if the Hong Kong holdings companies are not considered to be the “beneficial owner” of such dividends underthe Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties promulgated by the State Administration of Taxation on October 27,2009 (and not a PRC “resident enterprise”), such dividends would be subject to the withholding tax rate of 10%. The withholding tax rate of 5% or 10% applicablewill have a significant impact on the amount of dividends to be received by us and ultimately by shareholders.According to the Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties, the term “beneficial owner” refers to a person who hasthe right to own and dispose of the income and the rights or properties generated from the said income. The “beneficial owner” may be an individual, a company orany other organization which is usually engaged in substantial business operations. A conduit company is not a “beneficial owner.” The term “conduit company”refers to a company which is usually established for purposes of dodging or reducing taxes, and transferring or accumulating profits. Such a company is onlyregistered in the country of domicile to satisfy the organizational form as required by law, but it does not engage in such substantial business operations asmanufacturing, distribution and management. As our Hong Kong holding companies are controlling companies and are not engaged in substantial businessoperations, they could be considered as conduit companies by tax authorities and we do not expect them to be a beneficial owner.In addition to the changes to the current tax structure, under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto management bodies” withinChina is considered a resident enterprise and will normally be subject to an EIT of 25% on its global income. The implementing rules define the term “de factomanagement bodies” as “an establishment that exercises, in substance, overall management and control over the production, business, personnel, accounting, etc.,of a Chinese enterprise.”It remains unclear whether the PRC tax authorities would require or permit our overseas registered entities to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. We do notcurrently consider our company to be a PRC resident enterprise. However, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterpriseincome tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on ourworldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on offering proceedsand nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although under the EIT Law and its implementing rulesdividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued guidance with respect to the processing ofoutbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidance issuedwith respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation in which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to our nonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC shareholders from transferring our shares.75Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income TaxationThe following is a discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our securities. It does notpurport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s situation. The discussion applies only toholders that hold their securities as capital assets (generally property held for investment) within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based on the Code, income tax regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial positions, published positions of theInternal Revenue Service, or the IRS, and other applicable authorities, all as in effect as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly withretroactive effect. This discussion is general in nature and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations, nor does the discussion address any state, local orforeign tax considerations or any U.S. tax considerations (e.g., estate or gift tax) other than U.S. federal income tax considerations, that may be applicable toparticular holders.This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant in light of particular circumstances, nor does it address the U.S.federal income tax consequences to persons who are subject to special rules under U.S. federal income tax law, including:●banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions;●persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;●taxexempt organizations;●controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid United States federal incometax;●certain former citizens or longterm residents of the United States;●dealers in securities or currencies;●traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting for their securities holdings;●persons that own, or are deemed to own, more than five percent of our capital stock;●holders who acquired our stock as compensation or pursuant to the exercise of a stock option; or●persons who hold our shares as a position in a hedging transaction, “straddle,” or other risk reduction transaction.For purposes of this discussion, a U.S. holder is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (ii) acorporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States (or treated assuch under applicable U.S. tax laws), any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardlessof its source; or (iv) a trust if (a) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have theauthority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) it has a valid election in effect under applicable law and regulations to be treated as a U.S. person forU.S. federal income tax purposes. A nonU.S. holder is a holder that is neither a U.S. holder nor a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S.federal income tax purposes.In the case of a partnership or entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally willdepend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal incometax consequences to them of the merger or of the ownership and disposition of our shares.As a result of consummation of the Share Exchange, (i) we acquired substantially all the properties of KBS International, a U.S. corporation, and (ii) the formershareholders of KBS International held at least 80 percent of our common stock by reason of having held stock of KBS International. Accordingly, under Section7874 of the Code, we are treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as a U.S. corporation and, among other consequences, are subject to U.S. federal income tax on ourworldwide income. This discussion assumes that Section 7874 of the Code continues to apply to treat us as a U.S. corporation for all purposes under the Code. If,for some reason (e.g., future repeal of Section 7874 of the Code), we were no longer treated as a U.S. corporation under the Code, the U.S. federal income taxconsequences described herein could be materially and adversely affected.76Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. HoldersDistributionsIn the event that distributions are paid on our common stock, the gross amount of such distributions will be included in the gross income of the U.S. holder asdividend income on the date of receipt to the extent that the distribution is paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federalincome tax principles. Such dividends will be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Dividends received by noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, may be subject to reduced rates of taxation under current law. A U.S. holdermay be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed on dividends paid by us. However, the foreign tax credit rules arecomplex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 of the Code and the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and theGovernment of the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, or theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty, is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may be entitled to underthe foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.To the extent that dividends paid on our common stock exceed current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distributions will be treated first as a taxfree returnof tax basis on our common stock, and to the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds tax basis, the excess will be treated as gain from the disposition ofthose common stock. Because Section 7874 of the Code has applied to treat us as a U.S. corporation only since consummation of the Share Exchange in 2014, wemay not be able to demonstrate to the IRS the extent to which a distribution on our common stock exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (asdetermined under U.S. federal income tax principles), in which case all of such distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.Sale or Other DispositionU.S. holders of our common stock will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of common stock equal to the differencebetween the amount realized for the common stock and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the common stock. This gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss. Undercurrent law, noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, are eligible for reduced tax rates if the common stock has been held for more than one year. Thedeductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. A U.S. holder may be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed ongain from the sale or other disposition of common stock. However, the foreign tax credit rules are complex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 ofthe Code and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may beentitled to under the foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Unearned Income Medicare ContributionCertain U.S. holders who are individuals, trusts or estates are required to pay an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on, among other things, dividends on and capitalgains from the sale or other disposition of shares of stock. U.S. holders should consult their own advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this rule on their ownershipand disposition of our common stock.U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for NonU.S. HoldersDistributionsThe rules applicable to nonU.S. holders for determining the extent to which distributions on our common stock, if any, constitute dividends for U.S. federal incometax purposes are the same as for U.S. holders. See “–U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. Holders– Distributions.”77Table of ContentsAny dividends paid to a nonU.S. holder by us are treated as income derived from sources within the United States and generally will be subject to U.S. federalincome tax withholding at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends, or at a lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty if nonU.S. holdersprovide proper certification of eligibility for the lower rate (usually on IRS Form W8BEN or W8BENE). Dividends received by a nonU.S. holder that are effectivelyconnected with such holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business (and, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained bythe nonU.S. holder in the U.S.) are exempt from such withholding tax, provided that applicable certification requirements are satisfied. In such case, however, nonU.S. holders will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such dividends, net of certain deductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. In addition, corporatenonU.S. holders may be subject to an additional branch profits tax equal to 30% or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable tax treaty on dividendsreceived that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.If nonU.S. holders are eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, such nonU.S. holders may obtain a refund ofany excess amounts withheld by filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.Sale or Other DispositionExcept as described below for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, any gain realized by a nonU.S. holder upon the saleor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:criminal liability in serious cases.According to the PRC Product Quality Law, consumers or other victims who suffer injury or property losses due to product defects may demand compensation fromthe manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the corresponding amount from the manufacturer if the manufactureris responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Relating to Consumer ProtectionThe principal legal provisions for the protection of consumer interests are set forth in the Law of the PRC on Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests, or theConsumer Protection Law, which was promulgated in October 1993 amended in October 2013. The Consumer Protection Law sets forth standards of behavior thatbusinesses must observe in their dealings with consumers.Violations of the Consumer Protection Law may result in the imposition of fines. In addition, the violating entity may be ordered to suspend its operations, and itsbusiness license may be revoked. There may also be criminal liability in serious cases.According to the Consumer Protection Law, if the legal rights and interests of a consumer are violated during the purchase or use of goods, the consumer may seekcompensation from the seller. If the manufacturer or an upstream distributor is responsible, after compensating the consumer, the seller may recover thecorresponding amount from the manufacturer or the upstream distributor. Consumers or other persons who suffer personal injury or property damages due todefects in products may seek compensation from the manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the correspondingamount from the manufacturer if the manufacturer is responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Related to TrademarksThe PRC Trademark Law, adopted in 1982 and revised in 2001 and 2013, protects the proprietary rights to registered trademarks. The Trademark Office under theState Administration of Industry and Commerce handles trademark registration and grants a term of ten years to registered trademarks and another ten years totrademarks as requested upon expiry of the prior term. Trademark license agreements and transfer agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record.37Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Environmental MattersOur facilities are subject to various governmental regulations related to environmental protection. We use a myriad of chemicals in our operations and produceemissions that could pose environmental risks. Our manufacturing facilities are subject to various pollution control regulations with respect to noise, water and airpollution and the disposal of waste and hazardous materials, including, China’s Environmental Protection Law, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Appraisingof Environment Impacts, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of AirPollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution, and China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of NoisePollution. We are subject to periodic inspections by local environmental protection authorities.We did not incur material costs in environmental compliance in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016. We believe we are in material compliance with the relevant PRCenvironmental laws and regulations. We are not currently subject to any pending actions alleging any violations of applicable PRC environmental laws.Regulations Related to EmploymentThe PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law require that employers must execute written employment contracts with fulltime employees. All employers mustcompensate their employees with wages equal to at least the local minimum wage standards. Violations of the PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law may resultin the imposition of fines and other administrative sanctions, and serious violations may constitute criminal offences.On December 28, 2012, the PRC Labor Contract Law was amended with effect on July 1, 2013 to impose more stringent requirements on labor dispatch. Under suchlaw, dispatched workers are entitled to pay equal to that of fulltime employees for equal work, but the number of dispatched workers that an employer hires may notexceed a certain percentage of its total number of employees as determined by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Additionally, dispatchedworkers are only permitted to engage in temporary, auxiliary or substitute work. According to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch promulgated by theMinistry of Human Resources and Social Security on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014, the number of dispatched workers hired by anemployer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees (including both directly hired employees and dispatched workers). The Interim Provisions onLabor Dispatch require employers not in compliance with the PRC Labor Contract Law in this regard to reduce the number of its dispatched workers to below 10% ofthe total number of its employees prior to March 1, 2016.Enterprises in China are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in certain employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pensionplan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a workrelated injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund,and contribute to the plans or funds in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of the employees as specified by thelocal government from time to time at locations where they operate their businesses or where they are located. The enterprise may be ordered to pay the full amountwithin a deadline if it fails to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans and may be subject to fines and other administrative sanctions.Regulations Relating to Foreign ExchangeRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued by theState Administration of Foreign Exchange and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade andservice payments, payment of interest and dividends can be made without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange by following theappropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRCfor the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange or its local office.38Table of ContentsOn February 13, 2015, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency ManagementPolicy on Direct Investment, effective from June 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign directinvestment and overseas direct investment from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for thepurpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed with qualified banks, which, under the supervision of the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to this Circular, a foreigninvested enterprise may,according to its actual business needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchangebureau has confirmed monetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the timebeing, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shalltruthfully use its capital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equityinvestment with the amount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open acorresponding Account for Foreign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of theState Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts waspromulgated and became effective on June 9, 2016. According to this Circular, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreigncurrency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionary basis. This Circular provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items(including but not limited to foreign currency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. ThisCircular reiterates the principle that Renminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposesbeyond its business scope and may not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guaranteethe principal within the PRC unless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless itis within the business scope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration andOptimizing Genuineness and Compliance Verification, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits fromdomestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution,original copies of tax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses beforeremitting any profits. Moreover, pursuant to this Circular, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provideboard resolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and RoundtripInvestment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Issues Concerning the Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore SpecialPurpose Vehicles, to regulate foreign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investmentand financing or conduct round trip investment in China. Circular 37 defines a “special purpose vehicle” as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly orindirectly, by PRC residents or entities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets orinterests, while “round trip investment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through special purpose vehicles, namely, establishingforeigninvested enterprises to obtain the ownership, control rights and management rights. Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into a specialpurpose vehicle, PRC residents or entities be required to complete foreign exchange registration with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranch. In addition, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the ForeignExchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015, requiring PRC residents or entities toregister with qualified banks rather than the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.39Table of ContentsPRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to special purpose vehicles but had not obtained registration asrequired before the implementation of the Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the special purpose vehicles with qualified banks. Anamendment to the registration is required if there is a material change with respect to the special purpose vehicle registered, such as any change of basic information(including change of the PRC residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers ordivisions. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclosecontrollers of the foreigninvested enterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchangeactivities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, sharetransfer or liquidation, to its offshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities topenalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating toinvestments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our abilityto inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic IndividualsParticipating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issuedby the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in March 2007. Pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residentsparticipating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted company are required to register with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents must conduct the registration and other procedures withrespect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of the overseas publicly listed company or another qualifiedinstitution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevant registration should there be any material change to thestock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of the PRC residents who have the right to exercise the employeestock options, apply to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreign currencies in connectionwith the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the sale of shares under thestock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRC opened by the PRCagents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.We have adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we will have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We haveadvised the recipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.However, we cannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock IncentivePlan Notice. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plansmay subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016, respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014, respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our Marshall Islands holding company may rely on dividend paymentsfrom Hongri PRC, which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on theability of our other PRC subsidiaries to make remittance to Hongri PRC and on the ability of Hongri PRC to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cashgenerated by the operations of those entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We rely to a significant extent on dividends and otherdistributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiary to fund offshore cash and financing requirements.”40Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Overseas ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the StateOwned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective onSeptember 8, 2006 and was amended on June 22, 2009. These regulations, among other things, require that (i) PRC entities or individuals obtain approval from theMinistry of Commerce before they establish or control a special purpose vehicle overseas, provided that they intend to use the special purpose vehicle to acquiretheir equity interests in a PRC company at the consideration of newly issued share of the special purpose vehicle, or Share Swap, and list their equity interests in thePRC company overseas by listing the special purpose vehicle in an overseas market; (ii) the special purpose vehicle obtains approval from the Ministry ofCommerce before it acquires the equity interests held by the PRC entities or PRC individual in the PRC company by Share Swap; and (iii) the special purpose vehicleobtains China Securities Regulatory Commission approval before it lists overseas. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The approval ofthe China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with this offering under a PRC regulation. The regulation also establishes more complexprocedures for acquisitions conducted by foreign investors that could make it more difficult for us to grow through acquisitions.”Regulations Relating to TaxationDividend Withholding TaxIn March 2007, the National People’s Congress enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law which became effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on February 24,2017. According to Enterprise Income Tax Law, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a foreigninvested enterprise in China to its foreignenterprise investors are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that providesfor a preferential withholding arrangement. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Negotiated Reduction of Dividends and Interest Rates,issued on January 29, 2008 and supplemented and revised on February 29, 2008, and the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, which became effective onDecember 8, 2006 and applicable to income derived in any year of assessment commencing on or after April 1, 2007 in Hong Kong and in any year commencing on orafter January 1, 2007 in the PRC, such withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong enterprise is deemed the beneficial owner of any dividend paid by aPRC subsidiary by PRC tax authorities and holds at least 25% of the equity interest in that particular PRC subsidiary at all times within the 12month periodimmediately prior to the distribution of the dividends. Furthermore, pursuant to the Announcement on Issues concerning “Beneficial Owners” in Tax Treaties issuedon February 3, 2018 by the State Administration of Taxation, when determining the status of “beneficial owners,” a comprehensive analysis may be conductedthrough materials such as articles of association, financial statements, records of capital flows, minutes of board of directors, resolutions of board of directors,allocation of manpower and material resources, the relevant expenses, functions and risk assumption, loan contracts, royalty contracts or transfer contracts, patentregistration certificates and copyright certificates, etc. However, even if an applicant has the status as a “beneficiary owner,” if the competent tax authority findsnecessity to apply the principal purpose test clause in the tax treaties or the general antitax avoidance rules stipulated in domestic tax laws, the general antitaxavoidance provisions shall apply.Enterprise Income TaxIn December 2007, the State Council promulgated the Implementing Rules of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008. TheEnterprise Income Tax Law and its relevant implementing rules (i) impose a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate, which is applicable to both foreigninvestedenterprises and domestic enterprises (ii) permits companies to continue to enjoy their existing tax incentives, subject to certain transitional phaseout rules and(iii) introduces new tax incentives, subject to various qualification criteria.41Table of ContentsThe Enterprise Income Tax Law also provides that enterprises organized under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies”located within China may be considered PRC resident enterprises and therefore be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwideincome. The implementing rules further define the term “de facto management body” as the management body that exercises substantial and overall managementand control over the production and operations, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. If an enterprise organized under the laws of jurisdictionoutside China is considered a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, itwould be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. Second, a 10% withholding tax would be imposed on dividends itpays to its nonPRC enterprise shareholders and with respect to gains derived by its nonPRC enterprise shareholders from transfer of its shares.On October 17, 2017, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Bulletin on Issues Concerning the Withholding of NonPRC Resident Enterprise Income Tax atSource, or Bulletin 37, which replaced the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by NonPRC Resident Enterprisesissued by the State Administration of Taxation on December 10, 2009, and partially replaced and supplemented rules under the Bulletin on Issues of EnterpriseIncome Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by NonPRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7, issued by the State Administration of Taxation on February 3, 2015.Under Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by nonPRC resident enterprises may be recharacterizedand treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose ofavoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. In respect of anindirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the relevant gain is to be regarded as effectively connected with the PRC establishment and thereforeincluded in its enterprise income tax filing, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relatesto the immoveable properties in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not effectively connected to a PRC establishment of a nonresident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax at 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similararrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Pursuant to Bulletin 37, the withholding party shalldeclare and pay the withheld tax to the competent tax authority in the place where such withholding party is located within seven days from the date of occurrenceof the withholding obligation. Both Bulletin 37 and Bulletin 7 do not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange wheresuch shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We and our existingshareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a Chinese establishmentof a nonChinese company, or immovable properties located in China owned by nonChinese companies.”ValueAdded TaxIn November 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Pilot Plan for Imposition of ValueAdded Tax to ReplaceBusiness Tax. In March 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation further promulgated the Notice on Fully Promoting the Pilot Plan forReplacing Business Tax by ValueAdded Tax. Pursuant to this Pilot Plan and the relevant notice, value added tax at a rate of 6% is generally imposed, on anationwide basis, on the revenue generated from the provision of service in lieu of business tax in the modern service industries. Value added tax of a rate of 6%applies to revenue derived from the provision of some modern services. Unlike business tax, a taxpayer is allowed to offset the qualified input value added tax paidon taxable purchases against the output value added tax chargeable on the modern services provided.C.Organizational StructureSee “—A. History and Development of the Company—Corporate Structure” above for details of our current organizational structure.42Table of ContentsD.Property, Plants and EquipmentOur company has established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31,2018, this network was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, our company’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The facilityhas a production capacity of 2 million pieces per year and we move in upon the completion of phase 2 in year 2015. By relocating from the coastal area to AnhuiProvince, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a more stable labor supply. We manufacture a variety of menswear products, including, jeans,shirts, suits and socks. Because of its variety and complexity in the production process, these products require special sewing machines and workmanship, whichwe currently do not possess. As a result, the Company is not yet able to produce KBS branded products and has outsourced its KBS branded productmanufacturing to other established ODM and OEM manufacturers in the Fujian and Zhejiang regions. The Company has completed the second phase constructionof its new factory at the end of 2014. The second phase has an annual production capacity of 5 million pieces subject to our purchasing additional equipment.Currently Anhui factory mainly produces OEM orders and some international orders.Our production facility consists of total 110,557 square meters of land. We obtained a portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square metersand 2,440 square meters in May 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildingsand offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need foradditional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of landhas been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Oncethe construction of the new production facilities is completed, our total production capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year fromthe current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.In 2016, we closed 1 corporate store and as of December 31, 2018, we leased the premises for our sole remaining corporate store. We have undertaken variousmeasures to verify the lessees’ rights to the property leased to us in respect of its stores. In China, all land is owned by the State or other governmental bodies, and“ownership” is generally evidenced by a land use rights certificate. We rent some stores that were located in rural areas where land use rights are held collectivelyby villages and records regarding the ownership of land use rights are frequently not kept. In these cases, the company has confirmed our ability to lease the storesthrough communications with village authorities, and has reviewed electricity and water bills to confirm utilities are being paid by the parties leasing the premises tous. Based on the results of these efforts, we believe the risk of third party claims against our leases of these stores is relatively small and the measures taken by ourcompany are sufficient to verify the land use rights for all of its stores.In addition, the property used as our head office and corporate store is leased from a related party, whose ownership of the property has been verified by ourcompany. We paid a total of RMB720,000, RMB 720,000, and RMB 720,000, as rental fees for the existing corporate stores during the fiscal years 2016, 2017 and 2018,respectively. The total area of these 2 corporate stores is 158 square meters. The sales of each store and its location are shown below:AreaSales in fiscalyear 2016(USD)Sales in fiscalyear 2017(USD)Sales in fiscalyear2018(USD)Shishi factory1,240,354.74772,299691,431Quanzhou Dayang (closed in 2016)470,280.90Total:1,710,635.64772,299691,43143Table of ContentsITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot required.ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSWe are engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of casual menswear in China, including apparel and accessories, which we market under the KBSbrand. The KBS brand was developed in 2006. Before 2012, we were engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of fashion sportswear in China. Sinceour products feature a unique and stylish design that is more fashionable than traditional sportswear, as well as quality fabrics and materials and the sportswearmarket was becoming more and more competitive, in late 2011 we turned our focus on casual menswear market which has higher profit margin. KBS’s apparelproducts include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, Jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, belts and caps. In 2016, the suggestedretail prices of KBS’s products ranged from RMB199 to RMB1,499 for its apparel products and RMB15 to RMB899 for its accessory products. KBS holds newproducts launch events twice every year, one in spring and the other in autumn. Since 2006, we have launched about 1,500,536 collections of new products eachyear with a different theme to highlight the current trends for the season. KBS’s marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese.” KBS’scustomers are male middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range, primarily located in tier two and tier three cities in China. The company has adopted “KBS” as auniform brand name, which stands for “Keep Best Style”, and KBS are designed by us for a uniform look and feel that fits our brand image, with instore displaysthat accentuate the quality and style of our products across all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. We believe that the KBSbrand has become a recognized brand name in the cities where their products are sold.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors. Thenumber of stores grew significantly from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006 to 31 corporate stores as of December 31, 2012 and 96franchised stores as of December 31, 2013, and decreased to 84 stores as of December 31, 2014. Because of the recent softening of economic growing in China andfierce competition from our competitors, online store sales of franchised stores and corporate stores went down in 2015 as compared with the previous year. In 2017and 2018, the distributors closed 15 and 8 franchised stores, respectively, and we closed 1 corporate store in year 2016. We generate more revenues from OEM in2018 and intend to generate more in OEM and target area from acquisitions.KBS also acts as an original design manufacturer, or ODM, upon request. Income from such services accounted for 14%, 7.3% and 9% of revenue for the yearsended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, KBS’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The company believesthat the shortage of labor and rising wage expectations in China, especially in the coastal area, could have a material impact on our operations as well as itssuppliers’ cost of manufacturing. By relocating from the coastal area to inland Anhui Province, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a morestable labor supply. Since the company’s original production team was not ready to produce the new style KBS products, KBS has outsourced its productmanufacturing to other established ODM manufacturers. As such, KBS’s own production facility in Taihu mainly takes OEM orders from other sportswearcompanies, like Xtep. Our production facility in Taihu, Anhui Province includes three parcels of land with a total area of 110,557 square meters. We have obtainedland use rights for two parcels of land with an area of 9,845 square meters in 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction ofthe adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire theland use right of the third parcel of land. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 can be continued. Once completed, our totalproduction capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year. We do not necessarilyrely on our own production facility to satisfy the demand of our products as we may outsource some or all of the production work to various ODM and OEMmanufacturers in China.44Table of ContentsA.Principal Factors Affecting Financial PerformanceOur operating results are primarily affected by the following factors:●Growth of China’s menswear industry. With approximately onefifth of the world’s population and a fastgrowing gross domestic product, Chinarepresents a significant growth opportunity for a wide variety of retail goods, including apparel. The enhanced living standards and increased disposableincome that has resulted from the vibrant economic growth has driven the rapid development of the men’s apparel market in China in recent years. China iscurrently one of the world’s largest men’s apparel markets. As a leading provider of casual menswear in China, we believe we are well positioned tocapitalize on the favorable economic, demographic and industry trends in this sector.●Brand recognition. We derive all of our revenues from sales of the KBS branded products in China, and our success depends on the market perceptionand acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture, lifestyle and images associated with this brand. Market acceptance of our brand may affect the sellingprices and market demand for our products, the profit margin of us can achieve, and our ability to grow.●Ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network. The ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in terms of floor area in our salesnetwork affects our results of operations in a given period. The franchised stores operated by our distributors have been and will continue to be the maincontributor to our revenue for the foreseeable future. Under the distribution business model, we sell directly to our distributors and recognize revenuesupon delivery of our products to them. Such distribution network has enabled us to accelerate sales growth at a much lower cost than opening direct storesand has limited our inventory and sales risks. Corporate stores operated by us, on the other hand, despite incurring more significant capital expenditures ascompared with franchised stores, allow us more control over our brand and the consumer’s shopping experience, which are important factors for the overallsuccess of our business. In addition, our corporate store sales generally have a higher gross profit margin than sales to distributors because we are able tosell the products at retail prices directly to the endconsumers and because we recognize expenses relating to our corporate stores as selling anddistribution expenses. Therefore, the ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network will affect our gross profit margin.●Product offering and pricing. Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define menswear trends as well as to anticipate, gauge andreact to changing consumer demands for menswear in a timely manner. Most of our products are subject to changing consumer preferences and fashiontrends that cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumer acceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, andour future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes.●Fluctuations in raw material supply and prices. The per unit cost of producing our products depends on the supply and price of raw materials,particularly fabrics such as cotton, wool and polyester, which have experienced volatility in past years. Increases in the price of raw materials wouldnegatively impact our gross margins if we are not able to offset such price increases through increases in our selling price or changes in product offeringsand mix.Financial Statement PresentationRevenue. During the periods covered by this section, we generated revenue from sales of our menswear products.45Table of ContentsCost of sales. During the periods covered by this section, our cost of sales primarily consisted of the costs of our outsourcing cost, raw materials, labor andoverhead. We did not have any inward or outward freight charges as these charges are borne by our distributors and suppliers.Gross profit and gross margin. For the periods covered by this section, our gross profit is equal to the difference between our net sales and cost of sales. Our grossmargin is equal to the gross profit divided by net sales. Our gross margin may not be comparable to those of other retail entities since some retail entities include allof their distribution network costs in cost of sales and others, like us, include these expenses in another statement of operations line item.Administrative expenses. For the periods covered by this section, general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to ourgeneral management, finance and administrative staff, professional advisor fees, audit fees and other expenses incurred in connection with general operations.Selling expenses. For the periods covered by this section, our selling and marketing expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to our sales andmarketing staff, store rent, business travel, coordination with distributor marketing and promotions, transportation costs and other sales related costs.Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, both in U.S. dollars and as apercentage of or revenue.Year endedDecember 31, 2018Year ended December 31, 2017Year ended December 31, 2016Amount% of SalesAmount% of SalesAmount% of SalesRevenue18,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales20,851,252112%35,274,352148%39,041,93295%Gross (loss)/profit2,316,13712%11,511,81648%2,158,2725%Operating expensesDistribution and selling expenses2,670,95514%3,265,38014%3,606,0109%Administrative expenses4,907,02026%4,879,39721%3,543,9939%Total operating expenses7,577,97541%8,144,77634%7,150,00317%Other income122,1391%461,5642%555,0511%Other gains and losses13,522,30073%122,2441%11,123,76727%Loss from operations23,294,273126%19,317,27281%15,560,44738%Finance costs96,4441%96,3850%71,7830%Change in fair value of warrant liabilities00%00%3,4090%Loss before tax23,390,717126%19,413,65782%15,628,82138%Income tax5,422,11929%4,598,06119%3,726,1339%Loss for the year17,968,59897%14,815,59662%11,902,68829%46Table of ContentsA breakdown of revenue, percentage of revenue and percentage of gross margin by segment for the respective periods is as follows:BybusinessDistribution networkCorporate storesOEMConsolidatedYear endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Sales toexternalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205% of Sales73%63%78%13%29%13%14%7%9%100%100%100%Segmentsgrossmargins2,245,9442,277,8586,623,6175,402,99414,291,6805,727,349845,700502,0071,262,0052,316,13611,511,8162,158,273Grossmarginrate17%15%21%227%205%104%33%29%36%12%48%5%Segment salesFor the year ended December 31, 2018, total revenue decreased by 22% from $23.8 million in 2017 to $18.5 million. Our total revenue of 2017 decreased by 33% from$41.2 million to $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company reports financial and operating results in three segments: distributor network,corporate stores and OEM.Distributor Network —Revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2018 decreased by 10% from $15 million in 2017 to $13 million primarily due to adecrease in sales volume. There was a decrease of revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2017 by 53% from $32.1 million in year 2016 primarily dueto a decrease in sales volume. The distributor segment accounted for 73% of the total revenue in 2018, compared to 63% and 78% during years 2017 and 2016,respectively.In year 2018, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network increased to 17% from 15% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price of newproducts. The sales went down in year 2018 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstockduring previous periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.47Table of ContentsIn year 2017, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network decreased to 15% from 21% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price, and thesales went down in year 2017 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstock duringprevious periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.The Company’s distributor network currently consists of 11 distributors in 12 provinces. Most of these distributors, either directly or through their subdistributors,operate KBSbranded stores. Some wholesale distributors sold the products to multibranded stores and online stores. As of December 31, 2018, distributorsoperated a total of 32 KBSbranded stores, primarily in second and third tier cities. KBS products distributed to the fourth and fifth tier cities are primarily sold inmultibranded department stores.Corporate Stores — Total revenue from corporate store sale for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $6.98 million for year 2017. In 2018 sales fromcorporate store decreased as compared to 2017 due to a decrease in promotion sales of repurchased inventory from certain distributors which are unable to pay offthe debts owed to us.Total revenue from corporate store sales for fiscal year 2017 was $6.98 million, compared to $5.53 million for year 2016. In 2017 sales from corporate stores increasedas compared to 2016 due to an increase in sales volume, which in turn was mainly attributable to the increase in promotion sales on repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors which are unable to pay off the debts owed to us.As of December 31, 2018, we operated 1 corporate store which located in Fujian. Total revenue from corporate store sales of 2018 decreased as compared to 2017because of the decrease the promotion sales of repurchased inventory.The corporate store segment contributed 14% of total revenue in 2018, compared to 29% of 2017 and 13% of 2016. Gross profit margin for the Company’s corporatestore was 232% in 2018, compared to 205% in 2017 and 104% in 2016. The margin compression from 2016 to 2018 is primarily due to: 1) close of 1 corporate store in2016 and the sale of its inventory at a lower price; 2) reduction of sale price of our goods in corporate stores to stimulate sales; 3) loss from sales of repurchasedinventory from certain distributors which sold at big discounted price in year 2017 and year 2018.OEM — The OEM segment is comprised of products that are designed by the customers but manufactured by us. Revenue from the OEM segment increased by$0.83 million to $2.57 million for year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017. Gross profit margin increased to 33%from 29% of year 2017. Revenue from the OEM segment decreased by $1.79 million to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $3.53 million foryear ended December 31, 2016. Gross profit margin decreased to 29% from 36% of year 2016. Our revenues from sales of OEM represented 14%, 9% and 9%,respectively of our total revenues for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.Cost of sales and gross profit rateCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for production purpose,outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges and water and electricity.Our cost of sales decreased from $35 million in year 2017 to $21 million in year 2018. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017.The gross profit rate increased from 48% in year 2017 to 12% in year 2018 due to 1) a decrease in the number of promotion sales in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, whichcaused a loss at RMB 40 million; 2) the higher price of updated new products and improvement of products quality; 3) higher profit margin of OEM segments due tolower amortized fixed fees from big orders from certain customers. In order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continuedoperation, we decided to continue to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors in 2018 and thereafter.48Table of ContentsOur cost of sales decreased from $39 million in year 2016 to $35 million in year 2017. The decrease was consistent with the decrease in our revenue, which resulted ina decrease in purchases by $7 million. The decrease in purchases was mainly due to a challenging retail environment and close of some stores.The gross profit rate decreased from 5% in year 2016 to 48% in year 2017 due to 1) a decrease in the number of our franchised stores from 55 as of December 31,2016 to 40 as of December 31, 2017; 2) in order to make more fair and friendly business environment for our all distributors, we adjusted our price policy to havesame price to our district distributors and province distributors in 2017, the price sell to the district distributor is lower than before. 3) a slowdown in demand inmenswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and our distributors faceddifficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 141.42 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million. Although we are not contractually obligated to buy back the excessiveinventory from any our distributors, in order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continued operation, we decided to do same in2017 to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors and we may implement similar plans in the following years.Administrative expensesAdministrative expenses increased by $0.02 million or 1% to $4.9 million for year 2018 from $4.88 million for 2017. The change was mainly due to the decrease ofoutsourcing design expense and the increase of the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Administrative expenses increased by $1.34 million or 37% to $4.88 million for year 2017 from $3.54 million for 2016. The increase was mainly due to the increase indesign staff expenses and the increase attributable to the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Distribution and selling expensesThe selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.59 million or 18% to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $ 3.2 million in 2017, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expense, products promotion expenses and entertainment expenses.The selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.34 million or 9.45% to $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $ 3.6 million in 2016, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expenses and promotion expense of products including placement order meeting expense.The advertisement expenses of 2018, 2017 and 2016 are relatively even and selling expenses accounted for 6.6%, 7.5% and 9% for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Other gains and lossesOther gains and losses increased by $13.4 million, or 10,875%, to $13.52 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $0.12 million for year 2017. The increasewas mainly due to the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value.Other gains and losses decreased by $11 million, or 98.9%, to $0.12 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $11.1 million for year 2016. The decrease wasmainly due to the fact that there was no additional provision on bad debts from three clients as in 2016.Profit for the yearWe had a loss of $18 million in 2018 as compared to a loss of $14.81 million for 2017, representing a decrease of profit of $3 million or 21%. Net margin was 97% forthe year ended December 31, 2018, compared to 62% for the year ended December 31, 2017.49Table of ContentsWe had a loss of $14.81 million in 2017 as compared to a loss of $11.9 million for 2016, representing a decrease of profit of $2.91 million or 25%. Net margin was 62%for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 29% for the year ended December 31, 2016.Profit for the year decreased from 2018 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons:(1)the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value (2) thedistribution and selling expenses decreased to a small portion of total revenue and the revenue also decreased compared to year ended December 31, 2017; (3) aslowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brands, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling products and paying back the balance owed to us. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 40 million.Profit for the year decreased from 2016 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons: (1) the administrative expenses increased to a large portion of total revenue; and(2) slowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 141.42 millionfrom certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million.B.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesAs of December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $21,026,103. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and cash in the banks. Webelieve that our current levels of cash and cash equivalent and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next12 months. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through net cash flow from operations. Our cash flows are driven by key performance indicatorsincluding the number of orders placed by distributors, number of outlets that each distributor operates the pricing of our products, sales of our corporate stores, andthe collect portion of account receivable. Currently there is only minimal cash held by offshore subsidiaries and there is no need for these subsidiaries to transfercash to Hongri PRC.The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this report:Fiscal Year Ended December 31201820172016Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(3,703,354)$1,922,252$3,194,287Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities52,932(865,365)45,445Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(3,907,291)(39,024)4,919,241Effects of exchange rate change in cash(1,117,062)1,513,138(1,556,980)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080Cash and cash equivalent at end of the period$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,34150Table of ContentsOperating ActivitiesThe net cash provided by operating activities consists of profit before tax, as adjusted by finance costs, change in fair value of warrant liabilities, interest income,shared based compensation, bad debt allowance, depreciation of property, plant and equipment, amortization of prepaid lease payment and trademark, amortizationof subsidies prepaid to distributors, amortization of prepayment and premiums under operating leases, provision(Reversal) of inventory obsolescence, provision ofimpairment loss in prepayments, loss(gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment, deferred income tax, which include trade and other receivables, prepaymentand deferred expenses, inventory, trade and other payables.Net cash used in operating activities in fiscal year 2018 was $3.7 million, compared with net cash provided by operating activities of $1.9 million in the year endedDecember 31, 2017. The change is mainly due to the increase of provision of Anhui property and the increase of deferred tax due to the loss of fiscal year 2018.Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.9 million, compared with $3.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2016. The change is mainlydue to the decrease in the amount of collection of account receivable.Investing ActivitiesNet cash provided by investing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.05 million, compared with $0.8 million net cash used in investing activities in 2017. The net cashprovided in investing activities in 2018 was interest received from our bank deposits.Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $0.8 million, compared with $0.04 million net cash provided by investing activities in 2016. The net cashused in investing activities in 2017 was to purchase fire protection facility.Financing ActivitiesNet cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.26 million, compared with $1.1 million net cash used in financing activities in 2017. It mainly consistedof repayment of bank loans in 2018.Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.1 million, compared with $1.68 million net cash provided by financing activities in 2016. It mainlyconsisted of interests paid for our bank loans.Loans, Other Commitments, ContingenciesAs of December 31, 2018, we had bank loans in an amount of $1,092,785. We may, however, in the future, require additional cash resources due to changing businessconditions, implementation of our strategy to expand our business or other investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our own financial resources areinsufficient to satisfy the capital requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain additional credit facilities. The sale of additionalequity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require usto agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overallbusiness prospects.C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.Our industry is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and changing customer demands. These conditions require continuousexpenditures on product research and development to enhance existing products create new products and avoid product obsolescence. See Item 3 “Key Information—D. Risk Factors—If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected,” —“Ifwe are unable to keep pace with the rapid technological changes in our industry, demand for our products and services could decline which would adversely affectour revenue,” and —“Our technology may become obsolete which could materially adversely affect our ability to sell our products and services.” For a detailedanalysis of research and development costs, see Item 5.A. “Operating Results—Results of Operations—Research and development expenses”.D.Trend InformationOther than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that wouldcause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.E.Off Balance Sheet ArrangementsWe do not have any off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes infinancial condition, sales or expenses, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures, or capital resources that are material to an investment in our securities.51Table of ContentsF.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual ObligationsThe table below shows our material contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018.Payments Due by PeriodLess than1 year13 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsContractual ObligationsConstruction Obligations$64,088,236Operating Lease Obligations$78,532146,7052,225,030Total$64,166,768146,7052,225,030Anhui Factory Construction ContractOn November 20, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party for the construction of a new plant with a total size of 110,557 square meters, atTaihu City, Anhui at a consideration of RMB 690 million (equivalent to approximately $104 million). This is the frame contract for the construction of Anhui factoryand round estimation. By December 31, 2016 we had already paid about $37.75 million in total on the phase 1, 2, 3 of construction based on detailed phase contractand the balance of construction cost of the Anui factory need to be determined based on the ontime budget on every phase. The majority of funds for constructionexpenses came from the cash balance on the account as of December 31, 2018 and the new profit of following year.Anhui Land Use Right Acquisition ContractOn September 2, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party to acquire a land use right in relation to the development of factories in Taihu City,Anhui Province, at a total consideration of RMB 43 million (approximately $6.3 million). Full consideration was paid in September 2010. There are three parts of theland. The Company has obtained land use rights certificates for the first parcel of land with 7,405 square meters on March 19, 2012, and the second parcel of landwith 2,440 square meters on May 26, 2012. The Company is currently in the process of obtaining the land use right certificate for the third parcel of the land with100,712 square meters.Except as set forth above, we have no other material longterm debt, capital or operating lease or fixed purchase obligations.InflationInflation and changing prices have not had a material effect on our business, and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect ourbusiness in the foreseeable future. However, our management will closely monitor price changes in the Chinese economy and the apparel industry and continuallymaintain effective cost controls in operations.52Table of ContentsSeasonalityOur business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal. Historically, we have realized more of our revenue and earnings in the fourth quarter, which includes themajority of the holiday shopping season, than in any other fiscal quarter.Critical Accounting PoliciesThe preparation of financial statements is in conformity with IFRS as issued by the IASB. It requires the Company’s management to make assumptions, estimatesand judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. The Company hasidentified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of Company’s financial statements. These accounting policies are important for anunderstanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of theCompany’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to makeestimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitivebecause of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly frommanagement’s current judgments. The Company believes the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in thepreparation of the Company’s financial statements.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects the considerationto which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled in exchange fortransferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that asignificant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration issubsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to the customerfor more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would be reflected in a separatefinancing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financing component which provides theCompany a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interest expense accreted on the contract liabilityunder the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services is oneyear or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component, using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of the goods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receiptsover the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.53Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with thedividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. Revenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer. Revenue from allabove categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of thetransaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered and title has passed.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting the deductible inputVAT of the period, is VAT payable.54Table of ContentsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial periodof time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use orsale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal government retirementbenefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fund their retirementbenefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal government takes responsibility for theretirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly, the only obligation of the Groupwith respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employment with the Group. There are no provisionsunder the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans are considered defined contribution plans. The Grouphas no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixed contributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pensionschemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service is performed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised inother comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Groupoperates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable taxregulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred taxassets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which thosedeductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or fromthe initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accountingprofit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able to control thereversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising fromdeductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profitsagainst which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.55Table of ContentsThe carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficienttaxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based ontax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assetsreflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carryingamount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when thedeferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities wherethere is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, inwhich case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arisesfrom the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.Store preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll and supplies.The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenses when occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases areclassified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes. Leaseholdimprovements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes other thanconstruction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful lives and aftertaking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction in progressis carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment whencompleted and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for theirintended use.56Table of ContentsAn item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of theasset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) isincluded in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.The Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights to use theland on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizable valuerepresents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fair valuethrough profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model formanaging them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the practicalexpedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus in the case of a financialasset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group hasapplied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance with the policies set out for “Revenue recognition(applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cash flowsthat are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established by regulation orconvention in the marketplace.57Subsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognised inthe income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversals arerecognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair value changes arerecognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive income is recycled to theincome statement.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under HKAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. The classification isdetermined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statement when theright of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and the amount of the dividendcan be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains arerecorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income are not subject to impairmentassessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value throughprofit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for thepurpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading unless they aredesignated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interest are classified and measured atfair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to be classified at amortised cost or at fairvalue through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition ifdoing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.58Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in theincome statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separate derivative if theeconomic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet thedefinition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changesin fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cashflows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between thecontractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the originaleffective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to thecontractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are providedfor credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been asignificant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespectiveof the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. When making theassessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on thefinancial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort,including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider afinancial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full beforetaking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering thecontractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the general approach andthey are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach as detailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured at anamount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets and for whichthe loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the loss allowance ismeasured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs59Simplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of asignificant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not track changes incredit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on itshistorical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt the simplifiedapproach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed from theGroup’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to what extent, ithas retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset nortransferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Groupalso recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that theGroup has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and the maximumamount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’sfinancial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.Subsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method unless theeffect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement when the liabilities arederecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.60Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantiallymodified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference between therespective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right tooffset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to the contractualprovisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financialassets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.The Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. Theeffective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of theeffective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, where appropriate, a shorter period tothe net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.61Table of ContentsReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including trade and otherreceivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment (seeaccounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a resultof one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have been affected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequently assessed forimpairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience of collecting payments,and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national or local economic conditions thatcorrelate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between the asset’scarrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.The carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables, where thecarrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized in profit or loss. When atrade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off arecredited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment losseswas recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset at the date theimpairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.G.Safe HarborSee “Introductory Notes—ForwardLooking Information.”62Table of ContentsITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEESA.Directors and Senior ManagementThe following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors and senior management, as well as employees upon whose work we are dependent, as ofthe date of this annual report.NAMEAGEPOSITIONKeyan Yan47Chairman and Chief Executive OfficerThemis Kalapotharakos44Executive DirectorLixiaTu37Chief Financial Officer and DirectorJohn Sano49Independent DirectorMatthew C. Los54Independent DirectorZhongmin Zhang76Independent DirectorYuet Mei Chan38Independent DirectorMr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has been the Chairman of our board of directors and Chief Executive Officer since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr.Yan has over 16 years of senior management experience. He served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of KBS International between March 2011 and August2014. From 1994 to present, Mr. Yan has served as general manager of Hongri PRC. Prior to joining us, Mr. Yan served as workshop manager, production managerand marketing manager of Zhenshi Knitting Factory in Shishi, China from 19891994. Mr. Yan obtained a certificate of corporate management from Xiamen Universityin 1992.Ms. Lixia Tu. Ms. Tu became the Company’s Chief Financial Officer on June 25, 2015. Ms. Tu has more than night years of accounting and audit experience, familiarwith IFRS, US GAAP, SarbanesOxley and the compliance requirements of SEC. After she worked as a project manager at BDO China Fu Jian SHU LUN PANCertified Public Accountants for four years, she worked as a CFO or a financial consultant for some other companies. Ms. Tu holds a Master’s degree inprofessional accounting from the University of Deakin in Australia. Ms. Tu is also a member of the Chartered Association of Certified Accountants.Mr. Themis Kalapotharakos. Mr. Kalapotharakos became our executive director on June 15, 2015. Mr. Kalapotharakos has acquired a range of expertise of a widespectrum of business activities. He has extensive highlevel experience at the Shipping, Trading and Finance industries where he has founded, developed andoperated various businesses starting from the ground up. His roles involved regular communication and coordination with investors, financial institutions, capitalmarket authorities, custodian and administrative banks, auditors and legal counsel. He holds a Bachelor’s degree from Cardiff University and an MSc Degree fromCass Business School in the UK.John Sano. Mr. Sano has been an independent director of the Company since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr. Sano has over 20 years ofexperience in apparel & home furnishings concept, design, sourcing, production, and ecommerce. He has extensive experience in all aspects of the retail clothingsupply chain, from conceptualization to final production and distribution. Mr. Sano has also advised and worked closely with numerous top brands in the US. Hehas been General Director of Sano Design Services since 2002. Mr. Sano has an associate’s degree in interior design from Traphagen School of Design.Mr. Matthew C. Los. Mr. Los became our director on October 8, 2015. Mr. Los has acquired a range of expertise of a wide spectrum of business activities. He hasover 20 years’ experience at high level management, and has founded, developed and operated various businesses in the shipping, energy, telecommunications realestate industries starting from the ground up. He also has experience in the capital markets and was the CEO of Aquasition Corp., the predecessor of the Company,prior to the Share Exchange. Mr. Los has a BSc in Mechanical Engineering and Computer Aided Design from University of Westminster in the UK.Mr. Zhongmin Zhang. Mr. Zhang became our director on July 10, 2017. He has over 45 years of extensive experience in many facets of textile business, including inproduction, marketing, and management. Currently, Mr. Zhang is the president of Zhengzhou Guangda Textile Printing & Dyeing Co., Ltd. which has an annualproduction of 216 million meters of various textile products, with a value of RMB 800 million. Holding a title of Senior Engineer, Mr. Zhang graduated from HarbinInstitute of Technology in 1965. He also has certificates in finance management and civil law.Mr. Yuet Mei Chan. Ms. Chan became our director on July 10, 2017. She has over 15 years of experience in the banking industry. She held several senior positions ina prestigious bank in Hong Kong from 20012016. She is currently a financial consultant at AIA and specializes in analyzing financial situations and market trends.Ms. Chan holds a diploma in Computing and Business Studies from Hong Kong St. Perth College.No family relationship exists between any of the persons named above.63Table of ContentsB.CompensationIn 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $207,268 in cash as compensation to our directors and senior management as a group, and some of our directors andexecutive officers also received compensation in the form of annual salaries and bonuses. We do not set aside or accrue any amounts for pension, retirement orother benefits for our directors and senior management. However, we reimburse our directors for outofpocket expenses incurred in connection with their services insuch capacity.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to our executive officers and directors as compensations for theirservices. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to the Company’s executiveofficers, directors and certain employees as compensations for their service. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.2018 Equity Incentive PlanOn December 24, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2018 Plan, pursuant to which the Company may offerup to two million shares of common stock as equity incentives to its directors, employees and consultants. Such number of shares is subject to adjustment in theevent of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, stock splits, stock dividends, or other change in the corporate structure of the Companyaffecting the shares issuable under the 2018 Plan. As of December 31, 2018, we have not granted any equity awards under the 2018 Plan.The following paragraphs summarize the terms of our 2018 Plan:Purpose. The purposes of the 2018 Plan are to promote the longterm growth and profitability of the Company and its affiliates by stimulating the efforts ofemployees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates who are selected to be participants, aligning the longterm interests of participants with thoseof shareholders, heightening the desire of participants to continue in working toward and contributing to our success, attracting and retaining the best availablepersonnel for positions of substantial responsibility, and generally providing additional incentive for them to promote the success of our business through the grantof awards of or pertaining to our common stock. The 2018 Plan permits the grant of ISOs, NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share AppreciationRights, Performance Units and Performance Shares as the administrator of the 2018 Plan may determine.Administration. The 2018 Plan is administered by our Board. The administrator has the authority to determine the specific terms and conditions of all awards grantedunder the 2018 Plan, including, without limitation, the number of shares of common stock subject to each award, the price to be paid for the shares and the applicablevesting criteria. The administrator has discretion to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2018 Plan.Eligibility. NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share Appreciation Rights, Performance Units and Performance Shares may be granted to employees,directors or consultants either alone or in combination with any other awards. ISOs may be granted only to employees of the Company, and of any parent orsubsidiary.Shares Available for Issuance Under the 2018 Plan. Subject to adjustment as described below, (a) the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issuedunder the 2018 Plan is 2,000,000 shares of common stock, (b) to the extent consistent with Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the“Code”), not more than an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of common stock may be issued under ISOs, and (c) not more than 200,000 shares of common stock (or forawards denominated in cash, the Fair Market Value of 200,000 shares of common stock on the Grant Date, as defined in the 2018 Plan), may be awarded to anyindividual participant in the aggregate in any one fiscal year of the Company, such limitation to be applied in a manner consistent with the requirements of, and onlyto the extent required for compliance with, the exclusion from the limitation on deductibility of compensation under Code Section 162(m). The number and class ofshares available under the 2018 Plan are subject to adjustment in the event of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, share splits, sharedividends, or other similar events which change the number or kind of shares outstanding.64Table of ContentsTransferability. Unless otherwise provided in the 2018 Plan or otherwise determined by the administrator, an award may not be sold, pledged, assigned,hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution and may be exercised, during the lifetime of theparticipant, only by the participant. However, the administrator may, at or after the grant of an award other than an ISO, provide that such award may be transferredby the recipient to a “family member” (as defined in the 2018 Plan); provided, however, that any such transfer is without payment of any consideration whatsoeverand that no transfer shall be valid unless first approved by the administrator, acting in its sole discretion, and as required by our Amended and Restated Articles ofIncorporation. If the administrator makes an award transferable, such award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the administrator deemsappropriate.Termination of, or Amendments to, the 2018 Plan. The Board may at any time amend, alter, suspend or terminate the 2018 Plan, provided that the Company willobtain shareholder approval of any 2018 Plan amendment to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with applicable Laws. No amendment, alteration,suspension or termination of the 2018 Plan will impair the rights of any participant, unless mutually agreed otherwise between the participant and the administrator,which agreement must be in writing and signed by the participant and the Company. Termination of the 2018 Plan will not affect the administrator’s ability to exercisethe powers granted to it hereunder with respect to awards granted prior to the date of such termination.The 2018 Plan will terminate five years following the date it was adopted by the Board, unless sooner terminated by the Board.Employment AgreementsPlease refer to Item 10 “Additional Information—C. Material Contracts.”C.Board PracticesOur board of directors currently consists of seven members, Keyan Yan, Lixia Tu, John Sano, Themis Kalapotharakos, Matthew C. Los, Yuet Mei Chan andZhongmin Zhang.The Board has established the Audit Committee, which is comprised entirely of independent directors. From time to time, the Board may establish other committees.Audit CommitteeOur Audit Committee is currently composed of three members: Yuet Mei Chan, John Sano and Matthew C. Los. Our Board of Directors determined that each memberof the Audit Committee meets the independence criteria prescribed by applicable regulation and the rules of the SEC for audit committee membership. Each AuditCommittee member also meets NASDAQ’s financial literacy requirements. Matthew C. Los serves as Chair of the Audit Committee.Our Board of Directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is the “audit committee financial expert” as such term is defined in Item 407(d) of Regulation SKpromulgated by the SEC and also meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements.The Audit Committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our Company. The Audit Committee isresponsible for, among other things:●the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the independent auditor;●reviewing and preapproving all auditing services and permissible nonaudit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed by theindependent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed relatedparty transactions;●discussing the interim and annual financial statements with management and our independent auditors;●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor (a) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls, (b) theCompany’s internal audit procedures, and (c) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, and managementreports thereon;65Table of Contents●reviewing reported violations of the Company’s code of conduct and business ethics; and●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor various topics and events that may have significant financial impact on theCompany or that are the subject of discussions between management and the independent auditors.D.EmployeesAs of December 31, 2018, we employed 370 fulltime employees. The following table sets forth the number of our fulltime employees by function. FunctionNumber ofEmployeesManagement and Administration28Marketing, Sales and Distribution18Design and Product Development20Production281Procurement, Warehousing and Logistics19Quality and Assurance7TOTAL370We believe that we have maintained a satisfactory working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any significant labor disputes or anydifficulty in recruiting staff for company’s operations. None of company’s employees is represented by a labor union.Our employees in China participate in a state pension plan organized by Chinese municipal and provincial governments. The company is required to make monthlycontributions to the plan for each employee at the rate of 23% of his or her average assessable salary. In addition, the company is required by Chinese law to coveremployees in China with various types of social insurance. The company believes that it is in material compliance with the relevant PRC laws.E.Share OwnershipThe following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of each class of our voting securities as of April 26, 2019 (i) by each person who is knownby us to beneficially own more than 5% of our voting securities; (ii) by each of our officers and directors; and (iii) by all of our officers and directors as a group.NameOffice, If AnyTitle of ClassAmount andNature ofBeneficialOwnership(1)Percent ofClass(2)Officers and DirectorsKeyan Yan(3)Chairman, CEO and PresidentCommon Stock964,32037.21%Lixia TuChief Financial Officer and DirectorCommon Stock60,0002.32%Themis KalapotharakosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%John SanoDirectorCommon Stock5,0000.19%Matthew C. LosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%Zhongmin ZhangDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%Yuet Mei ChanDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%All officers and directors as a group (7 personsnamed above)1,129,32043.58%5% Security HoldersKeyan Yan (3)Common Stock964,32037.21%Alliance Investment Management Limited(4)Common Stock195,488(4)7.54%*Less than 1%(1)Beneficial Ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Eachof the beneficial owners listed above has direct ownership of and sole voting power and investment power with respect to our common stock.66Table of Contents(2)As of April 26, 2019, a total of 2,591,299 shares of commons stock are considered to be outstanding pursuant to SEC Rule 13d3(d)(1). For each Beneficial Ownerabove, any securities that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days have been included in the denominator.(3)Includes 20,000 shares of common stock owned by Bizhen Chen, Mr. Yan’s wife.(4)Based solely on Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on August 8, 2018, in which Alliance Investment Management reported it has sole voting and dispositivepower with respect to 195,488 shares of our common stock. The address of the reporting person is 7 Belmont Road, Kingston, Jamaica.None of our existing shareholders has voting rights that differ from the voting rights of other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at asubsequent date, result in our change in control.ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSA.Major ShareholdersPlease refer to Item 6 “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.”B.Related Party TransactionsFrom time to time, KBS and its subsidiaries borrowed money from our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Keyan Yan, to pay for Company expenses. Theseamounts are interestfree, unsecured and repayable on demand. In years 2017 and 2016, Mr. Yan paid all the Company expenses in connection with the Company’sNasdaq continued listing and SEC reporting out of his pocket. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of these amounts we borrowed from Mr. Yan was$485,302 and $35,483, respectively.C.Interests of Experts and CounselNot applicable.ITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATIONA.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial InformationFinancial StatementsWe have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this report. See Item 18 “Financial Statements.”Legal Proceedings We may be subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our business from time to time. We are currently not party to anylegal or arbitration proceedings, including those relating to bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings and those involving any third party, which may have, orhave had in the recent past, significant effects on our financial position or profitability.Dividend PolicyTo date, we have not paid any cash dividends on our shares. As a Marshall Islands company, we may only declare and pay dividends except when the corporationis insolvent or would thereby be made insolvent or when the declaration or payment would be contrary to any restrictions contained in our Articles ofIncorporation. Dividends may be declared and paid out of surplus only; but in case there is no surplus, dividends may be declared or paid out of the net profits forthe fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and for the preceding fiscal year. We currently anticipate that we will retain any available funds to finance thegrowth and operation of our business and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our cash held in foreign countriesmay be subject to certain control limitations or repatriation requirements, limiting our ability to use this cash to pay dividends.67Table of ContentsB.Significant ChangesNo significant change has occurred since the date of our consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTINGA.Offer and Listing DetailsOur common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market and trade under the symbol “KBSF.” Between January 23, 2013 and November 3, 2014, our commonstock was traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “AQU.” Our Warrants and Units are quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “KBSFW”and “KBSFU”, respectively. Prior to November 3, 2014, our Warrants and Units were quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “AQUUF” and “AQUUU”,respectively. Before their quotation on the OTC Markets, our Units commenced to trade on the Nasdaq Stock Market on October 26, 2012 and our Warrantscommenced to trade separately from its Units on January 23, 2013.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.Approximate Number of Holders of Our SecuritiesOn April 26, 2019, there was 1 holder of record of our Units, 359 shareholders of record of our common stock and 1 holder of record of our Warrants. Certain of oursecurities are held in nominee or street name so the actual number of beneficial owners of our securities is greater than the number of record holders set forth above.B.Plan of DistributionNot applicable.C.MarketsSee our disclosures above under “A. Offer and Listing Details.”D.Selling ShareholdersNot applicable. E.DilutionNot applicable.F.Expenses of the IssueNot applicable.68Table of ContentsITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONA.Share CapitalOur Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation authorize the Company to issue up to 155,000,000 shares with a par value of $0.0001, consisting of 150,000,000shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of date of this report, there are 2,591,299 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Wehave never issued any preferred stock.●As of date of this report, we have 717 IPO Units outstanding.●As of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding (including 369,302 IPO Warrants and 24,534 Placement Warrants), each warrant entitles theholder to purchase one share of common stock at a purchase price of $172.5.B.Memorandum and Articles of AssociationThe following represents a summary of certain key provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. The summary does not purport to be a summary of allof the provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. For more complete information you should read our amended and restated articles ofincorporation and bylaws, each listed as an exhibit to this report.We were incorporated in the Marshall Islands on January 26, 2012 under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BCA”). The purpose of the Company isto engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may now or hereafter be organized under the BCA. Our amended and restated articles of incorporationand bylaws do not impose any limitations on the ownership rights of our stockholders.Description of Common StockEach outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Upon our dissolution, liquidation orwinding up of the affairs of the Company, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidationpreferences, if any, the holders or our common stock will be entitled to receive pro rata our remaining assets available for distribution. Holders of common stock donot have conversion, redemption or preemptive rights to subscribe to any of our securities.Blank Check Preferred Stock.Our Board of Directors is authorized, without any further vote or action by our stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in different classesand series and, with respect to each class or series, to determine the designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights,conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the powers and rights associated with the common stock,at such times and on such other terms as they think proper. Our Board of Directors may issue shares of preferred stock on terms calculated to discourage, delay orprevent a change of control of our company or the removal of our management.WarrantsAs of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding, among which 369,302 warrants were issued to the public in our IPO (the “IPO Warrants”). Each ofthe IPO Warrants entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.5 expiring on July 31, 2019, provided that there is an effectiveregistration statement covering the shares of common stock underlying the IPO Warrants.69Table of ContentsThe Company may redeem the IPO Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon 30 days’ notice, after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, only inthe event that the last sale price of the shares of common stock is at least $17.50 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30trading day period (“30Day TradingPeriod”) ending three business days prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is a current registration statement in effect with respectto the shares of common stock underlying such IPO Warrants throughout the 30day redemption period. The Company is only required to use its best efforts tomaintain the effectiveness of the registration statement covering the underlying common stock of the IPO Warrants. There are no contractual penalties for failure todeliver securities if a registration statement is not effective at the time of exercise. Additionally, in the event that a registration statement is not effective at the time ofexercise, the holder of such warrant shall not be entitled to exercise such warrant for cash and in no event (whether in the case of a registration statement not beingeffective or otherwise) will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrant exercise.In addition, Aqua Investments Corp., an entity controlled by certain founding shareholders of the Company, acquired 24,534 warrants, each entitles the holder topurchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50, expiring on July 31, 2019 (the “Placement Warrants”). The Placement Warrants are identical to the IPOWarrants except that the Placement Warrants (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis; (ii) will not be redeemable by the Company and (ii) may beexercised even if there is not an effective registration statement relating to the shares underlying the warrants, so long as they are held by the initial purchaser orany of its permitted transferees.As of date of this report, we also have 717 IPO Units outstanding and publicly trading, each including one IPO Warrant and one share of our common stock.DirectorsThe business and affairs of the Company are managed by or under the direction of our Board of Directors.Our directors are elected by the holders of the shares representing a majority of the total voting power of the thenoutstanding capital stock of the Company entitledto vote generally in the election of directors (“Voting Stock”). Our amended and restated articles of incorporation provide that cumulative voting shall not be used toelect directors. Each director will be elected to serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his/her successor shall have been duly elected andqualified, except in the event of his/her death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of his/her term of office.Any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of thetotal voting power of the Voting Stock entitled to vote thereon or with cause by directors constituting at least twothirds of the entire Board.Vacancies in the Board of Directors occurring by death, resignation, the creation of new directorships, the failure of the shareholders to elect the whole board at anyannual election of directors, or, except as herein provided, for any other reason, including removal of directors for cause, may be filled either by the affirmative voteof a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, at any special meeting called for that purpose or at any regular meeting of theBoard. Vacancies occurring by removal of directors without cause may be filled only by vote of the shareholders.Shareholder MeetingsAnnual stockholder meetings will be held at a time and place selected by our board of directors. The meetings may be held in or outside of the Marshall Islands.Under our amended and restated articles of incorporation, special meetings may be called by the board of directors, or by the secretary of the Company requestedby stockholders representing certain amount of voting power. Our board of directors shall give not less than 15 days and not more than 60 days prior written noticeof a shareholders’ meeting to each shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat and to each shareholder of record who, by reason of any action proposed at suchmeeting would be entitled to have his/her shares appraised if such action were taken, and the notice shall include a statement of that purpose and to that effect.Our bylaws provide that a meeting of shareholders is duly constituted if, at the commencement of the meeting, there are shareholders present in person or by proxyrepresenting not less than a majority of the votes of the shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on resolutions of shareholders to be considered at themeeting.70Table of ContentsIf a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of stock represented at the meeting will be the act of the shareholders. At any meeting ofshareholders, each shareholder entitled to vote any shares on any manner to be voted upon at such meeting shall be entitled to one vote on such matter for eachsuch share. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the action so taken, issigned by all the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof.Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal and Payment.Under the BCA, our stockholders have the right to dissent from various corporate actions, including any merger or sale of all or substantially all of our assets notmade in the usual course of our business, and receive payment of the fair value of their shares. However, the right of a dissenting stockholder to receive payment ofthe fair value of his or her shares shall not be available for any shares of stock of the constituent corporation surviving a merger if the merger did not require for itsapproval the vote of the stockholders of the surviving corporation. In the event of any further amendment of our articles of incorporation, a stockholder also has theright to dissent and receive payment for his or her shares if the amendment alters certain rights in respect of those shares. The dissenting stockholder must followthe procedures set forth in the BCA to receive payment. In the event that we and any dissenting stockholder fail to agree on a price for the shares, the BCAprocedures involve, among other things, the institution of proceedings in the circuit court in the judicial circuit in the Marshall Islands in which our Marshall Islandsoffice is situated. The value of the shares of the dissenting stockholder is fixed by the court after reference, if the court so elects, to the recommendations of a courtappointed appraiser.Stockholders’ Derivative ActionsUnder the BCA, any of our stockholders may bring an action in our name to procure a judgment in our favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that thestockholder bringing the action is a holder of common stock both at the time the derivative action is commenced and at the time of the transaction to which theaction relates.Indemnification of Officers and DirectorsThe BCA authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors and officers to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages forbreaches of directors’ fiduciary duties. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation include a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors formonetary damages for actions taken as a director to the fullest extent permitted by law. We must indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorizedby law. We are also expressly authorized to advance certain expenses (including attorneys’ fees and disbursements and court costs) to our directors and offices andcarry directors’ and officers’ insurance providing indemnification for our directors, officers and certain employees for some liabilities.The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws may discourage stockholders frombringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigationagainst directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. In addition, your investment may beadversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.C.Material ContractsWe have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in Item 4 “Information on theCompany,” Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations,” Item 7 “Major Shareholders and RelatedParty Transactions,” or filed (or incorporated by reference) as exhibits to this annual report or otherwise described or referenced in this annual report.D.Exchange ControlsMarshall Islands Exchange ControlsUnder Marshall Islands law, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect theremittance of dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our shares.71Table of ContentsBVI Exchange ControlsThere are no material exchange controls restrictions on payment of dividends, interest or other payments to the holders of our common stock or on the conduct ofour operations in the BVI, where we were incorporated. There are no material BVI laws that impose any material exchange controls on us or that affect the paymentof dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our common stock. BVI law and our memorandum and articles of association do not impose anymaterial limitations on the right of nonresidents or foreign owners to hold or vote our common stock.PRC Exchange ControlsRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued bySAFE and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade and service payments, payment ofinterest and dividends can be made without prior approval from SAFE by following the appropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMBinto foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRC for the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments,loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from SAFE or its local office.On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency Management Policy on Direct Investment, effective fromJune 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investmentfrom SAFE. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for the purpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed withqualified banks, which, under the supervision of SAFE, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise, or SAFE Circular 19,was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to SAFE Circular 19, a foreigninvested enterprise may, according to its actualbusiness needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchange bureau has confirmedmonetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the time being, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shall truthfully use itscapital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equity investment with theamount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open a corresponding Account forForeign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming andRegulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or SAFE Circular 16, was promulgated and became effective on June 9,2016. According to SAFE Circular 16, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreign currency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionarybasis. SAFE Circular 16 provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items (including but not limited to foreigncurrency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. SAFE Circular 16 reiterates the principle thatRenminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope andmay not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guarantee the principal within the PRCunless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless it is within the businessscope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Optimizing Genuineness and ComplianceVerification, or SAFE Circular 3, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits from domestic entities tooffshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution, original copies oftax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses before remitting any profits.Moreover, pursuant to SAFE Circular 3, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provide boardresolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.72Table of ContentsRegulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsSAFE issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special PurposeVehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issues Concerning theRegulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles, to regulateforeign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investment and financing orconduct round trip investment in China. SAFE Circular 37 defines a SPV as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly or indirectly, by PRC residents orentities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets or interests, while “round tripinvestment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through SPVs, namely, establishing foreigninvested enterprises to obtain theownership, control rights and management rights. SAFE Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into an SPV, PRC residents or entities be required tocomplete foreign exchange registration with SAFE or its local branch. In addition, SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving theAdministration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended SAFE Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015,requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.PRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to SPVs but had not obtained registration as required before theimplementation of the SAFE Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the SPVs with qualified banks. An amendment to the registration isrequired if there is a material change with respect to the SPV registered, such as any change of basic information (including change of the PRC residents, name andoperation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers or divisions. Failure to comply with the registrationprocedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclose controllers of the foreigninvestedenterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to itsoffshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities to penalties under PRC foreignexchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companiesby PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRCsubsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansSAFE promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan ofOverseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issued by SAFE in March 2007. Pursuant tothe Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residents participating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted companyare required to register with SAFE or its local branches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents mustconduct the SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of theoverseas publicly listed company or another qualified institution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevantSAFE registration should there be any material change to the stock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of thePRC residents who have the right to exercise the employee stock options, apply to SAFE or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreigncurrencies in connection with the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the saleof shares under the stock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRCopened by the PRC agents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.73Table of ContentsWe adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We have advised therecipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice. However, wecannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subjectthe PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016 respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014 respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our BVI holding company may rely on dividend payments from IST,which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on the ability of ourconsolidated VIEs to make remittance to IST and on the ability of IST to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations ofthose entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends andother distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you,and otherwise fund and conduct our business”E.TaxationThe following is a general summary of the material Marshall Islands, Hong Kong, BVI, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to an investmentin our units, shares of common stock and warrants to acquire our shares of common stock, sometimes referred to collectively in this summary as our “securities”.The discussion is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal or tax advice to any particular prospective purchaser. The discussion is based on lawsand relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change or different interpretations, possibly withretroactive effect. The discussion does not address United States state or local tax laws, or tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Marshall Islands, Hong Kong,the BVI, the PRC and the United States. We recommend that you consult your own tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquisition, ownership anddisposition of our securities.Marshall Islands TaxationThe following are the material Marshall Islands tax consequences of our activities to us and to our stockholders and warrant holders of investing in our CommonStock and warrants. Under current Marshall Islands law, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains, and no Marshall Islands withholding tax or income taxwill be imposed upon payments of dividends by us to our stockholders or proceeds from the disposition of our common stock and warrants, provided suchstockholders or warrant holders, as the case may be, are not residents in the Marshall Islands. There is no tax treaty between the United States and the Republic ofthe Marshall Islands.BVI TaxationThe BVI does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid to us by our BVI subsidiary, nor does the BVI levy any capital gains or income taxes on us or our BVIsubsidiary. However, our BVI subsidiary is required to pay the BVI government an annual license fee based on the number of shares it is authorized to issue.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the BVI.74Table of ContentsHong Kong TaxationOur Hong Kong subsidiaries, under the current laws of Hong Kong, are subject to profits tax of 16.5%. No provision for Hong Kong profits tax has been made asour Hong Kong subsidiaries have no taxable income.PRC TaxationWe are a holding company incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which indirectly holds our equity interests in our PRC operating subsidiaries. The EIT Law and itsimplementation rules, both of which became effective as of January 1, 2008, provide that a PRC enterprise is subject to a standard income tax rate of 25% and Chinasourced income of foreign enterprises, such as dividends paid by a PRC subsidiary to its overseas parent, will normally be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of10%, unless there are applicable treaties between the overseas parent’s jurisdiction of incorporation and China to reduce such rate.Under the Arrangement between the Mainland and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention ofFiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, or the Double Taxation Arrangement, effective as of January 1, 2007, such dividend withholding tax rate is reducedto 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns over 25% of the PRC company distributing the dividends. Under the aforesaid arrangement, any dividends that ourPRC operating subsidiaries pay to their Hong Kong holding companies may be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 5% if they are not considered to be a PRC“resident enterprise” as described below. However, if the Hong Kong holdings companies are not considered to be the “beneficial owner” of such dividends underthe Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties promulgated by the State Administration of Taxation on October 27,2009 (and not a PRC “resident enterprise”), such dividends would be subject to the withholding tax rate of 10%. The withholding tax rate of 5% or 10% applicablewill have a significant impact on the amount of dividends to be received by us and ultimately by shareholders.According to the Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties, the term “beneficial owner” refers to a person who hasthe right to own and dispose of the income and the rights or properties generated from the said income. The “beneficial owner” may be an individual, a company orany other organization which is usually engaged in substantial business operations. A conduit company is not a “beneficial owner.” The term “conduit company”refers to a company which is usually established for purposes of dodging or reducing taxes, and transferring or accumulating profits. Such a company is onlyregistered in the country of domicile to satisfy the organizational form as required by law, but it does not engage in such substantial business operations asmanufacturing, distribution and management. As our Hong Kong holding companies are controlling companies and are not engaged in substantial businessoperations, they could be considered as conduit companies by tax authorities and we do not expect them to be a beneficial owner.In addition to the changes to the current tax structure, under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto management bodies” withinChina is considered a resident enterprise and will normally be subject to an EIT of 25% on its global income. The implementing rules define the term “de factomanagement bodies” as “an establishment that exercises, in substance, overall management and control over the production, business, personnel, accounting, etc.,of a Chinese enterprise.”It remains unclear whether the PRC tax authorities would require or permit our overseas registered entities to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. We do notcurrently consider our company to be a PRC resident enterprise. However, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterpriseincome tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on ourworldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on offering proceedsand nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although under the EIT Law and its implementing rulesdividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued guidance with respect to the processing ofoutbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidance issuedwith respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation in which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to our nonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC shareholders from transferring our shares.75Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income TaxationThe following is a discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our securities. It does notpurport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s situation. The discussion applies only toholders that hold their securities as capital assets (generally property held for investment) within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based on the Code, income tax regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial positions, published positions of theInternal Revenue Service, or the IRS, and other applicable authorities, all as in effect as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly withretroactive effect. This discussion is general in nature and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations, nor does the discussion address any state, local orforeign tax considerations or any U.S. tax considerations (e.g., estate or gift tax) other than U.S. federal income tax considerations, that may be applicable toparticular holders.This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant in light of particular circumstances, nor does it address the U.S.federal income tax consequences to persons who are subject to special rules under U.S. federal income tax law, including:●banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions;●persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;●taxexempt organizations;●controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid United States federal incometax;●certain former citizens or longterm residents of the United States;●dealers in securities or currencies;●traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting for their securities holdings;●persons that own, or are deemed to own, more than five percent of our capital stock;●holders who acquired our stock as compensation or pursuant to the exercise of a stock option; or●persons who hold our shares as a position in a hedging transaction, “straddle,” or other risk reduction transaction.For purposes of this discussion, a U.S. holder is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (ii) acorporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States (or treated assuch under applicable U.S. tax laws), any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardlessof its source; or (iv) a trust if (a) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have theauthority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) it has a valid election in effect under applicable law and regulations to be treated as a U.S. person forU.S. federal income tax purposes. A nonU.S. holder is a holder that is neither a U.S. holder nor a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S.federal income tax purposes.In the case of a partnership or entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally willdepend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal incometax consequences to them of the merger or of the ownership and disposition of our shares.As a result of consummation of the Share Exchange, (i) we acquired substantially all the properties of KBS International, a U.S. corporation, and (ii) the formershareholders of KBS International held at least 80 percent of our common stock by reason of having held stock of KBS International. Accordingly, under Section7874 of the Code, we are treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as a U.S. corporation and, among other consequences, are subject to U.S. federal income tax on ourworldwide income. This discussion assumes that Section 7874 of the Code continues to apply to treat us as a U.S. corporation for all purposes under the Code. If,for some reason (e.g., future repeal of Section 7874 of the Code), we were no longer treated as a U.S. corporation under the Code, the U.S. federal income taxconsequences described herein could be materially and adversely affected.76Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. HoldersDistributionsIn the event that distributions are paid on our common stock, the gross amount of such distributions will be included in the gross income of the U.S. holder asdividend income on the date of receipt to the extent that the distribution is paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federalincome tax principles. Such dividends will be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Dividends received by noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, may be subject to reduced rates of taxation under current law. A U.S. holdermay be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed on dividends paid by us. However, the foreign tax credit rules arecomplex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 of the Code and the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and theGovernment of the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, or theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty, is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may be entitled to underthe foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.To the extent that dividends paid on our common stock exceed current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distributions will be treated first as a taxfree returnof tax basis on our common stock, and to the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds tax basis, the excess will be treated as gain from the disposition ofthose common stock. Because Section 7874 of the Code has applied to treat us as a U.S. corporation only since consummation of the Share Exchange in 2014, wemay not be able to demonstrate to the IRS the extent to which a distribution on our common stock exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (asdetermined under U.S. federal income tax principles), in which case all of such distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.Sale or Other DispositionU.S. holders of our common stock will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of common stock equal to the differencebetween the amount realized for the common stock and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the common stock. This gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss. Undercurrent law, noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, are eligible for reduced tax rates if the common stock has been held for more than one year. Thedeductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. A U.S. holder may be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed ongain from the sale or other disposition of common stock. However, the foreign tax credit rules are complex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 ofthe Code and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may beentitled to under the foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Unearned Income Medicare ContributionCertain U.S. holders who are individuals, trusts or estates are required to pay an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on, among other things, dividends on and capitalgains from the sale or other disposition of shares of stock. U.S. holders should consult their own advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this rule on their ownershipand disposition of our common stock.U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for NonU.S. HoldersDistributionsThe rules applicable to nonU.S. holders for determining the extent to which distributions on our common stock, if any, constitute dividends for U.S. federal incometax purposes are the same as for U.S. holders. See “–U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. Holders– Distributions.”77Table of ContentsAny dividends paid to a nonU.S. holder by us are treated as income derived from sources within the United States and generally will be subject to U.S. federalincome tax withholding at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends, or at a lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty if nonU.S. holdersprovide proper certification of eligibility for the lower rate (usually on IRS Form W8BEN or W8BENE). Dividends received by a nonU.S. holder that are effectivelyconnected with such holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business (and, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained bythe nonU.S. holder in the U.S.) are exempt from such withholding tax, provided that applicable certification requirements are satisfied. In such case, however, nonU.S. holders will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such dividends, net of certain deductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. In addition, corporatenonU.S. holders may be subject to an additional branch profits tax equal to 30% or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable tax treaty on dividendsreceived that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.If nonU.S. holders are eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, such nonU.S. holders may obtain a refund ofany excess amounts withheld by filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.Sale or Other DispositionExcept as described below for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, any gain realized by a nonU.S. holder upon the saleor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:criminal liability in serious cases.According to the PRC Product Quality Law, consumers or other victims who suffer injury or property losses due to product defects may demand compensation fromthe manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the corresponding amount from the manufacturer if the manufactureris responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Relating to Consumer ProtectionThe principal legal provisions for the protection of consumer interests are set forth in the Law of the PRC on Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests, or theConsumer Protection Law, which was promulgated in October 1993 amended in October 2013. The Consumer Protection Law sets forth standards of behavior thatbusinesses must observe in their dealings with consumers.Violations of the Consumer Protection Law may result in the imposition of fines. In addition, the violating entity may be ordered to suspend its operations, and itsbusiness license may be revoked. There may also be criminal liability in serious cases.According to the Consumer Protection Law, if the legal rights and interests of a consumer are violated during the purchase or use of goods, the consumer may seekcompensation from the seller. If the manufacturer or an upstream distributor is responsible, after compensating the consumer, the seller may recover thecorresponding amount from the manufacturer or the upstream distributor. Consumers or other persons who suffer personal injury or property damages due todefects in products may seek compensation from the manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the correspondingamount from the manufacturer if the manufacturer is responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Related to TrademarksThe PRC Trademark Law, adopted in 1982 and revised in 2001 and 2013, protects the proprietary rights to registered trademarks. The Trademark Office under theState Administration of Industry and Commerce handles trademark registration and grants a term of ten years to registered trademarks and another ten years totrademarks as requested upon expiry of the prior term. Trademark license agreements and transfer agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record.37Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Environmental MattersOur facilities are subject to various governmental regulations related to environmental protection. We use a myriad of chemicals in our operations and produceemissions that could pose environmental risks. Our manufacturing facilities are subject to various pollution control regulations with respect to noise, water and airpollution and the disposal of waste and hazardous materials, including, China’s Environmental Protection Law, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Appraisingof Environment Impacts, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of AirPollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution, and China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of NoisePollution. We are subject to periodic inspections by local environmental protection authorities.We did not incur material costs in environmental compliance in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016. We believe we are in material compliance with the relevant PRCenvironmental laws and regulations. We are not currently subject to any pending actions alleging any violations of applicable PRC environmental laws.Regulations Related to EmploymentThe PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law require that employers must execute written employment contracts with fulltime employees. All employers mustcompensate their employees with wages equal to at least the local minimum wage standards. Violations of the PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law may resultin the imposition of fines and other administrative sanctions, and serious violations may constitute criminal offences.On December 28, 2012, the PRC Labor Contract Law was amended with effect on July 1, 2013 to impose more stringent requirements on labor dispatch. Under suchlaw, dispatched workers are entitled to pay equal to that of fulltime employees for equal work, but the number of dispatched workers that an employer hires may notexceed a certain percentage of its total number of employees as determined by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Additionally, dispatchedworkers are only permitted to engage in temporary, auxiliary or substitute work. According to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch promulgated by theMinistry of Human Resources and Social Security on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014, the number of dispatched workers hired by anemployer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees (including both directly hired employees and dispatched workers). The Interim Provisions onLabor Dispatch require employers not in compliance with the PRC Labor Contract Law in this regard to reduce the number of its dispatched workers to below 10% ofthe total number of its employees prior to March 1, 2016.Enterprises in China are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in certain employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pensionplan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a workrelated injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund,and contribute to the plans or funds in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of the employees as specified by thelocal government from time to time at locations where they operate their businesses or where they are located. The enterprise may be ordered to pay the full amountwithin a deadline if it fails to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans and may be subject to fines and other administrative sanctions.Regulations Relating to Foreign ExchangeRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued by theState Administration of Foreign Exchange and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade andservice payments, payment of interest and dividends can be made without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange by following theappropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRCfor the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange or its local office.38Table of ContentsOn February 13, 2015, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency ManagementPolicy on Direct Investment, effective from June 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign directinvestment and overseas direct investment from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for thepurpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed with qualified banks, which, under the supervision of the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to this Circular, a foreigninvested enterprise may,according to its actual business needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchangebureau has confirmed monetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the timebeing, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shalltruthfully use its capital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equityinvestment with the amount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open acorresponding Account for Foreign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of theState Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts waspromulgated and became effective on June 9, 2016. According to this Circular, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreigncurrency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionary basis. This Circular provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items(including but not limited to foreign currency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. ThisCircular reiterates the principle that Renminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposesbeyond its business scope and may not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guaranteethe principal within the PRC unless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless itis within the business scope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration andOptimizing Genuineness and Compliance Verification, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits fromdomestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution,original copies of tax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses beforeremitting any profits. Moreover, pursuant to this Circular, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provideboard resolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and RoundtripInvestment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Issues Concerning the Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore SpecialPurpose Vehicles, to regulate foreign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investmentand financing or conduct round trip investment in China. Circular 37 defines a “special purpose vehicle” as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly orindirectly, by PRC residents or entities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets orinterests, while “round trip investment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through special purpose vehicles, namely, establishingforeigninvested enterprises to obtain the ownership, control rights and management rights. Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into a specialpurpose vehicle, PRC residents or entities be required to complete foreign exchange registration with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranch. In addition, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the ForeignExchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015, requiring PRC residents or entities toregister with qualified banks rather than the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.39Table of ContentsPRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to special purpose vehicles but had not obtained registration asrequired before the implementation of the Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the special purpose vehicles with qualified banks. Anamendment to the registration is required if there is a material change with respect to the special purpose vehicle registered, such as any change of basic information(including change of the PRC residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers ordivisions. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclosecontrollers of the foreigninvested enterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchangeactivities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, sharetransfer or liquidation, to its offshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities topenalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating toinvestments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our abilityto inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic IndividualsParticipating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issuedby the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in March 2007. Pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residentsparticipating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted company are required to register with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents must conduct the registration and other procedures withrespect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of the overseas publicly listed company or another qualifiedinstitution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevant registration should there be any material change to thestock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of the PRC residents who have the right to exercise the employeestock options, apply to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreign currencies in connectionwith the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the sale of shares under thestock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRC opened by the PRCagents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.We have adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we will have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We haveadvised the recipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.However, we cannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock IncentivePlan Notice. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plansmay subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016, respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014, respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our Marshall Islands holding company may rely on dividend paymentsfrom Hongri PRC, which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on theability of our other PRC subsidiaries to make remittance to Hongri PRC and on the ability of Hongri PRC to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cashgenerated by the operations of those entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We rely to a significant extent on dividends and otherdistributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiary to fund offshore cash and financing requirements.”40Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Overseas ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the StateOwned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective onSeptember 8, 2006 and was amended on June 22, 2009. These regulations, among other things, require that (i) PRC entities or individuals obtain approval from theMinistry of Commerce before they establish or control a special purpose vehicle overseas, provided that they intend to use the special purpose vehicle to acquiretheir equity interests in a PRC company at the consideration of newly issued share of the special purpose vehicle, or Share Swap, and list their equity interests in thePRC company overseas by listing the special purpose vehicle in an overseas market; (ii) the special purpose vehicle obtains approval from the Ministry ofCommerce before it acquires the equity interests held by the PRC entities or PRC individual in the PRC company by Share Swap; and (iii) the special purpose vehicleobtains China Securities Regulatory Commission approval before it lists overseas. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The approval ofthe China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with this offering under a PRC regulation. The regulation also establishes more complexprocedures for acquisitions conducted by foreign investors that could make it more difficult for us to grow through acquisitions.”Regulations Relating to TaxationDividend Withholding TaxIn March 2007, the National People’s Congress enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law which became effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on February 24,2017. According to Enterprise Income Tax Law, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a foreigninvested enterprise in China to its foreignenterprise investors are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that providesfor a preferential withholding arrangement. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Negotiated Reduction of Dividends and Interest Rates,issued on January 29, 2008 and supplemented and revised on February 29, 2008, and the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, which became effective onDecember 8, 2006 and applicable to income derived in any year of assessment commencing on or after April 1, 2007 in Hong Kong and in any year commencing on orafter January 1, 2007 in the PRC, such withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong enterprise is deemed the beneficial owner of any dividend paid by aPRC subsidiary by PRC tax authorities and holds at least 25% of the equity interest in that particular PRC subsidiary at all times within the 12month periodimmediately prior to the distribution of the dividends. Furthermore, pursuant to the Announcement on Issues concerning “Beneficial Owners” in Tax Treaties issuedon February 3, 2018 by the State Administration of Taxation, when determining the status of “beneficial owners,” a comprehensive analysis may be conductedthrough materials such as articles of association, financial statements, records of capital flows, minutes of board of directors, resolutions of board of directors,allocation of manpower and material resources, the relevant expenses, functions and risk assumption, loan contracts, royalty contracts or transfer contracts, patentregistration certificates and copyright certificates, etc. However, even if an applicant has the status as a “beneficiary owner,” if the competent tax authority findsnecessity to apply the principal purpose test clause in the tax treaties or the general antitax avoidance rules stipulated in domestic tax laws, the general antitaxavoidance provisions shall apply.Enterprise Income TaxIn December 2007, the State Council promulgated the Implementing Rules of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008. TheEnterprise Income Tax Law and its relevant implementing rules (i) impose a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate, which is applicable to both foreigninvestedenterprises and domestic enterprises (ii) permits companies to continue to enjoy their existing tax incentives, subject to certain transitional phaseout rules and(iii) introduces new tax incentives, subject to various qualification criteria.41Table of ContentsThe Enterprise Income Tax Law also provides that enterprises organized under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies”located within China may be considered PRC resident enterprises and therefore be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwideincome. The implementing rules further define the term “de facto management body” as the management body that exercises substantial and overall managementand control over the production and operations, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. If an enterprise organized under the laws of jurisdictionoutside China is considered a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, itwould be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. Second, a 10% withholding tax would be imposed on dividends itpays to its nonPRC enterprise shareholders and with respect to gains derived by its nonPRC enterprise shareholders from transfer of its shares.On October 17, 2017, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Bulletin on Issues Concerning the Withholding of NonPRC Resident Enterprise Income Tax atSource, or Bulletin 37, which replaced the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by NonPRC Resident Enterprisesissued by the State Administration of Taxation on December 10, 2009, and partially replaced and supplemented rules under the Bulletin on Issues of EnterpriseIncome Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by NonPRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7, issued by the State Administration of Taxation on February 3, 2015.Under Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by nonPRC resident enterprises may be recharacterizedand treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose ofavoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. In respect of anindirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the relevant gain is to be regarded as effectively connected with the PRC establishment and thereforeincluded in its enterprise income tax filing, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relatesto the immoveable properties in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not effectively connected to a PRC establishment of a nonresident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax at 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similararrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Pursuant to Bulletin 37, the withholding party shalldeclare and pay the withheld tax to the competent tax authority in the place where such withholding party is located within seven days from the date of occurrenceof the withholding obligation. Both Bulletin 37 and Bulletin 7 do not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange wheresuch shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We and our existingshareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a Chinese establishmentof a nonChinese company, or immovable properties located in China owned by nonChinese companies.”ValueAdded TaxIn November 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Pilot Plan for Imposition of ValueAdded Tax to ReplaceBusiness Tax. In March 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation further promulgated the Notice on Fully Promoting the Pilot Plan forReplacing Business Tax by ValueAdded Tax. Pursuant to this Pilot Plan and the relevant notice, value added tax at a rate of 6% is generally imposed, on anationwide basis, on the revenue generated from the provision of service in lieu of business tax in the modern service industries. Value added tax of a rate of 6%applies to revenue derived from the provision of some modern services. Unlike business tax, a taxpayer is allowed to offset the qualified input value added tax paidon taxable purchases against the output value added tax chargeable on the modern services provided.C.Organizational StructureSee “—A. History and Development of the Company—Corporate Structure” above for details of our current organizational structure.42Table of ContentsD.Property, Plants and EquipmentOur company has established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31,2018, this network was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, our company’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The facilityhas a production capacity of 2 million pieces per year and we move in upon the completion of phase 2 in year 2015. By relocating from the coastal area to AnhuiProvince, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a more stable labor supply. We manufacture a variety of menswear products, including, jeans,shirts, suits and socks. Because of its variety and complexity in the production process, these products require special sewing machines and workmanship, whichwe currently do not possess. As a result, the Company is not yet able to produce KBS branded products and has outsourced its KBS branded productmanufacturing to other established ODM and OEM manufacturers in the Fujian and Zhejiang regions. The Company has completed the second phase constructionof its new factory at the end of 2014. The second phase has an annual production capacity of 5 million pieces subject to our purchasing additional equipment.Currently Anhui factory mainly produces OEM orders and some international orders.Our production facility consists of total 110,557 square meters of land. We obtained a portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square metersand 2,440 square meters in May 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildingsand offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need foradditional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of landhas been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Oncethe construction of the new production facilities is completed, our total production capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year fromthe current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.In 2016, we closed 1 corporate store and as of December 31, 2018, we leased the premises for our sole remaining corporate store. We have undertaken variousmeasures to verify the lessees’ rights to the property leased to us in respect of its stores. In China, all land is owned by the State or other governmental bodies, and“ownership” is generally evidenced by a land use rights certificate. We rent some stores that were located in rural areas where land use rights are held collectivelyby villages and records regarding the ownership of land use rights are frequently not kept. In these cases, the company has confirmed our ability to lease the storesthrough communications with village authorities, and has reviewed electricity and water bills to confirm utilities are being paid by the parties leasing the premises tous. Based on the results of these efforts, we believe the risk of third party claims against our leases of these stores is relatively small and the measures taken by ourcompany are sufficient to verify the land use rights for all of its stores.In addition, the property used as our head office and corporate store is leased from a related party, whose ownership of the property has been verified by ourcompany. We paid a total of RMB720,000, RMB 720,000, and RMB 720,000, as rental fees for the existing corporate stores during the fiscal years 2016, 2017 and 2018,respectively. The total area of these 2 corporate stores is 158 square meters. The sales of each store and its location are shown below:AreaSales in fiscalyear 2016(USD)Sales in fiscalyear 2017(USD)Sales in fiscalyear2018(USD)Shishi factory1,240,354.74772,299691,431Quanzhou Dayang (closed in 2016)470,280.90Total:1,710,635.64772,299691,43143Table of ContentsITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot required.ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSWe are engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of casual menswear in China, including apparel and accessories, which we market under the KBSbrand. The KBS brand was developed in 2006. Before 2012, we were engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of fashion sportswear in China. Sinceour products feature a unique and stylish design that is more fashionable than traditional sportswear, as well as quality fabrics and materials and the sportswearmarket was becoming more and more competitive, in late 2011 we turned our focus on casual menswear market which has higher profit margin. KBS’s apparelproducts include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, Jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, belts and caps. In 2016, the suggestedretail prices of KBS’s products ranged from RMB199 to RMB1,499 for its apparel products and RMB15 to RMB899 for its accessory products. KBS holds newproducts launch events twice every year, one in spring and the other in autumn. Since 2006, we have launched about 1,500,536 collections of new products eachyear with a different theme to highlight the current trends for the season. KBS’s marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese.” KBS’scustomers are male middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range, primarily located in tier two and tier three cities in China. The company has adopted “KBS” as auniform brand name, which stands for “Keep Best Style”, and KBS are designed by us for a uniform look and feel that fits our brand image, with instore displaysthat accentuate the quality and style of our products across all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. We believe that the KBSbrand has become a recognized brand name in the cities where their products are sold.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors. Thenumber of stores grew significantly from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006 to 31 corporate stores as of December 31, 2012 and 96franchised stores as of December 31, 2013, and decreased to 84 stores as of December 31, 2014. Because of the recent softening of economic growing in China andfierce competition from our competitors, online store sales of franchised stores and corporate stores went down in 2015 as compared with the previous year. In 2017and 2018, the distributors closed 15 and 8 franchised stores, respectively, and we closed 1 corporate store in year 2016. We generate more revenues from OEM in2018 and intend to generate more in OEM and target area from acquisitions.KBS also acts as an original design manufacturer, or ODM, upon request. Income from such services accounted for 14%, 7.3% and 9% of revenue for the yearsended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, KBS’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The company believesthat the shortage of labor and rising wage expectations in China, especially in the coastal area, could have a material impact on our operations as well as itssuppliers’ cost of manufacturing. By relocating from the coastal area to inland Anhui Province, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a morestable labor supply. Since the company’s original production team was not ready to produce the new style KBS products, KBS has outsourced its productmanufacturing to other established ODM manufacturers. As such, KBS’s own production facility in Taihu mainly takes OEM orders from other sportswearcompanies, like Xtep. Our production facility in Taihu, Anhui Province includes three parcels of land with a total area of 110,557 square meters. We have obtainedland use rights for two parcels of land with an area of 9,845 square meters in 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction ofthe adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire theland use right of the third parcel of land. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 can be continued. Once completed, our totalproduction capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year. We do not necessarilyrely on our own production facility to satisfy the demand of our products as we may outsource some or all of the production work to various ODM and OEMmanufacturers in China.44Table of ContentsA.Principal Factors Affecting Financial PerformanceOur operating results are primarily affected by the following factors:●Growth of China’s menswear industry. With approximately onefifth of the world’s population and a fastgrowing gross domestic product, Chinarepresents a significant growth opportunity for a wide variety of retail goods, including apparel. The enhanced living standards and increased disposableincome that has resulted from the vibrant economic growth has driven the rapid development of the men’s apparel market in China in recent years. China iscurrently one of the world’s largest men’s apparel markets. As a leading provider of casual menswear in China, we believe we are well positioned tocapitalize on the favorable economic, demographic and industry trends in this sector.●Brand recognition. We derive all of our revenues from sales of the KBS branded products in China, and our success depends on the market perceptionand acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture, lifestyle and images associated with this brand. Market acceptance of our brand may affect the sellingprices and market demand for our products, the profit margin of us can achieve, and our ability to grow.●Ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network. The ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in terms of floor area in our salesnetwork affects our results of operations in a given period. The franchised stores operated by our distributors have been and will continue to be the maincontributor to our revenue for the foreseeable future. Under the distribution business model, we sell directly to our distributors and recognize revenuesupon delivery of our products to them. Such distribution network has enabled us to accelerate sales growth at a much lower cost than opening direct storesand has limited our inventory and sales risks. Corporate stores operated by us, on the other hand, despite incurring more significant capital expenditures ascompared with franchised stores, allow us more control over our brand and the consumer’s shopping experience, which are important factors for the overallsuccess of our business. In addition, our corporate store sales generally have a higher gross profit margin than sales to distributors because we are able tosell the products at retail prices directly to the endconsumers and because we recognize expenses relating to our corporate stores as selling anddistribution expenses. Therefore, the ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network will affect our gross profit margin.●Product offering and pricing. Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define menswear trends as well as to anticipate, gauge andreact to changing consumer demands for menswear in a timely manner. Most of our products are subject to changing consumer preferences and fashiontrends that cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumer acceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, andour future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes.●Fluctuations in raw material supply and prices. The per unit cost of producing our products depends on the supply and price of raw materials,particularly fabrics such as cotton, wool and polyester, which have experienced volatility in past years. Increases in the price of raw materials wouldnegatively impact our gross margins if we are not able to offset such price increases through increases in our selling price or changes in product offeringsand mix.Financial Statement PresentationRevenue. During the periods covered by this section, we generated revenue from sales of our menswear products.45Table of ContentsCost of sales. During the periods covered by this section, our cost of sales primarily consisted of the costs of our outsourcing cost, raw materials, labor andoverhead. We did not have any inward or outward freight charges as these charges are borne by our distributors and suppliers.Gross profit and gross margin. For the periods covered by this section, our gross profit is equal to the difference between our net sales and cost of sales. Our grossmargin is equal to the gross profit divided by net sales. Our gross margin may not be comparable to those of other retail entities since some retail entities include allof their distribution network costs in cost of sales and others, like us, include these expenses in another statement of operations line item.Administrative expenses. For the periods covered by this section, general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to ourgeneral management, finance and administrative staff, professional advisor fees, audit fees and other expenses incurred in connection with general operations.Selling expenses. For the periods covered by this section, our selling and marketing expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to our sales andmarketing staff, store rent, business travel, coordination with distributor marketing and promotions, transportation costs and other sales related costs.Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, both in U.S. dollars and as apercentage of or revenue.Year endedDecember 31, 2018Year ended December 31, 2017Year ended December 31, 2016Amount% of SalesAmount% of SalesAmount% of SalesRevenue18,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales20,851,252112%35,274,352148%39,041,93295%Gross (loss)/profit2,316,13712%11,511,81648%2,158,2725%Operating expensesDistribution and selling expenses2,670,95514%3,265,38014%3,606,0109%Administrative expenses4,907,02026%4,879,39721%3,543,9939%Total operating expenses7,577,97541%8,144,77634%7,150,00317%Other income122,1391%461,5642%555,0511%Other gains and losses13,522,30073%122,2441%11,123,76727%Loss from operations23,294,273126%19,317,27281%15,560,44738%Finance costs96,4441%96,3850%71,7830%Change in fair value of warrant liabilities00%00%3,4090%Loss before tax23,390,717126%19,413,65782%15,628,82138%Income tax5,422,11929%4,598,06119%3,726,1339%Loss for the year17,968,59897%14,815,59662%11,902,68829%46Table of ContentsA breakdown of revenue, percentage of revenue and percentage of gross margin by segment for the respective periods is as follows:BybusinessDistribution networkCorporate storesOEMConsolidatedYear endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Sales toexternalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205% of Sales73%63%78%13%29%13%14%7%9%100%100%100%Segmentsgrossmargins2,245,9442,277,8586,623,6175,402,99414,291,6805,727,349845,700502,0071,262,0052,316,13611,511,8162,158,273Grossmarginrate17%15%21%227%205%104%33%29%36%12%48%5%Segment salesFor the year ended December 31, 2018, total revenue decreased by 22% from $23.8 million in 2017 to $18.5 million. Our total revenue of 2017 decreased by 33% from$41.2 million to $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company reports financial and operating results in three segments: distributor network,corporate stores and OEM.Distributor Network —Revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2018 decreased by 10% from $15 million in 2017 to $13 million primarily due to adecrease in sales volume. There was a decrease of revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2017 by 53% from $32.1 million in year 2016 primarily dueto a decrease in sales volume. The distributor segment accounted for 73% of the total revenue in 2018, compared to 63% and 78% during years 2017 and 2016,respectively.In year 2018, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network increased to 17% from 15% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price of newproducts. The sales went down in year 2018 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstockduring previous periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.47Table of ContentsIn year 2017, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network decreased to 15% from 21% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price, and thesales went down in year 2017 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstock duringprevious periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.The Company’s distributor network currently consists of 11 distributors in 12 provinces. Most of these distributors, either directly or through their subdistributors,operate KBSbranded stores. Some wholesale distributors sold the products to multibranded stores and online stores. As of December 31, 2018, distributorsoperated a total of 32 KBSbranded stores, primarily in second and third tier cities. KBS products distributed to the fourth and fifth tier cities are primarily sold inmultibranded department stores.Corporate Stores — Total revenue from corporate store sale for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $6.98 million for year 2017. In 2018 sales fromcorporate store decreased as compared to 2017 due to a decrease in promotion sales of repurchased inventory from certain distributors which are unable to pay offthe debts owed to us.Total revenue from corporate store sales for fiscal year 2017 was $6.98 million, compared to $5.53 million for year 2016. In 2017 sales from corporate stores increasedas compared to 2016 due to an increase in sales volume, which in turn was mainly attributable to the increase in promotion sales on repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors which are unable to pay off the debts owed to us.As of December 31, 2018, we operated 1 corporate store which located in Fujian. Total revenue from corporate store sales of 2018 decreased as compared to 2017because of the decrease the promotion sales of repurchased inventory.The corporate store segment contributed 14% of total revenue in 2018, compared to 29% of 2017 and 13% of 2016. Gross profit margin for the Company’s corporatestore was 232% in 2018, compared to 205% in 2017 and 104% in 2016. The margin compression from 2016 to 2018 is primarily due to: 1) close of 1 corporate store in2016 and the sale of its inventory at a lower price; 2) reduction of sale price of our goods in corporate stores to stimulate sales; 3) loss from sales of repurchasedinventory from certain distributors which sold at big discounted price in year 2017 and year 2018.OEM — The OEM segment is comprised of products that are designed by the customers but manufactured by us. Revenue from the OEM segment increased by$0.83 million to $2.57 million for year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017. Gross profit margin increased to 33%from 29% of year 2017. Revenue from the OEM segment decreased by $1.79 million to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $3.53 million foryear ended December 31, 2016. Gross profit margin decreased to 29% from 36% of year 2016. Our revenues from sales of OEM represented 14%, 9% and 9%,respectively of our total revenues for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.Cost of sales and gross profit rateCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for production purpose,outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges and water and electricity.Our cost of sales decreased from $35 million in year 2017 to $21 million in year 2018. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017.The gross profit rate increased from 48% in year 2017 to 12% in year 2018 due to 1) a decrease in the number of promotion sales in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, whichcaused a loss at RMB 40 million; 2) the higher price of updated new products and improvement of products quality; 3) higher profit margin of OEM segments due tolower amortized fixed fees from big orders from certain customers. In order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continuedoperation, we decided to continue to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors in 2018 and thereafter.48Table of ContentsOur cost of sales decreased from $39 million in year 2016 to $35 million in year 2017. The decrease was consistent with the decrease in our revenue, which resulted ina decrease in purchases by $7 million. The decrease in purchases was mainly due to a challenging retail environment and close of some stores.The gross profit rate decreased from 5% in year 2016 to 48% in year 2017 due to 1) a decrease in the number of our franchised stores from 55 as of December 31,2016 to 40 as of December 31, 2017; 2) in order to make more fair and friendly business environment for our all distributors, we adjusted our price policy to havesame price to our district distributors and province distributors in 2017, the price sell to the district distributor is lower than before. 3) a slowdown in demand inmenswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and our distributors faceddifficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 141.42 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million. Although we are not contractually obligated to buy back the excessiveinventory from any our distributors, in order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continued operation, we decided to do same in2017 to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors and we may implement similar plans in the following years.Administrative expensesAdministrative expenses increased by $0.02 million or 1% to $4.9 million for year 2018 from $4.88 million for 2017. The change was mainly due to the decrease ofoutsourcing design expense and the increase of the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Administrative expenses increased by $1.34 million or 37% to $4.88 million for year 2017 from $3.54 million for 2016. The increase was mainly due to the increase indesign staff expenses and the increase attributable to the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Distribution and selling expensesThe selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.59 million or 18% to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $ 3.2 million in 2017, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expense, products promotion expenses and entertainment expenses.The selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.34 million or 9.45% to $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $ 3.6 million in 2016, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expenses and promotion expense of products including placement order meeting expense.The advertisement expenses of 2018, 2017 and 2016 are relatively even and selling expenses accounted for 6.6%, 7.5% and 9% for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Other gains and lossesOther gains and losses increased by $13.4 million, or 10,875%, to $13.52 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $0.12 million for year 2017. The increasewas mainly due to the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value.Other gains and losses decreased by $11 million, or 98.9%, to $0.12 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $11.1 million for year 2016. The decrease wasmainly due to the fact that there was no additional provision on bad debts from three clients as in 2016.Profit for the yearWe had a loss of $18 million in 2018 as compared to a loss of $14.81 million for 2017, representing a decrease of profit of $3 million or 21%. Net margin was 97% forthe year ended December 31, 2018, compared to 62% for the year ended December 31, 2017.49Table of ContentsWe had a loss of $14.81 million in 2017 as compared to a loss of $11.9 million for 2016, representing a decrease of profit of $2.91 million or 25%. Net margin was 62%for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 29% for the year ended December 31, 2016.Profit for the year decreased from 2018 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons:(1)the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value (2) thedistribution and selling expenses decreased to a small portion of total revenue and the revenue also decreased compared to year ended December 31, 2017; (3) aslowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brands, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling products and paying back the balance owed to us. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 40 million.Profit for the year decreased from 2016 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons: (1) the administrative expenses increased to a large portion of total revenue; and(2) slowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 141.42 millionfrom certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million.B.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesAs of December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $21,026,103. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and cash in the banks. Webelieve that our current levels of cash and cash equivalent and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next12 months. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through net cash flow from operations. Our cash flows are driven by key performance indicatorsincluding the number of orders placed by distributors, number of outlets that each distributor operates the pricing of our products, sales of our corporate stores, andthe collect portion of account receivable. Currently there is only minimal cash held by offshore subsidiaries and there is no need for these subsidiaries to transfercash to Hongri PRC.The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this report:Fiscal Year Ended December 31201820172016Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(3,703,354)$1,922,252$3,194,287Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities52,932(865,365)45,445Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(3,907,291)(39,024)4,919,241Effects of exchange rate change in cash(1,117,062)1,513,138(1,556,980)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080Cash and cash equivalent at end of the period$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,34150Table of ContentsOperating ActivitiesThe net cash provided by operating activities consists of profit before tax, as adjusted by finance costs, change in fair value of warrant liabilities, interest income,shared based compensation, bad debt allowance, depreciation of property, plant and equipment, amortization of prepaid lease payment and trademark, amortizationof subsidies prepaid to distributors, amortization of prepayment and premiums under operating leases, provision(Reversal) of inventory obsolescence, provision ofimpairment loss in prepayments, loss(gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment, deferred income tax, which include trade and other receivables, prepaymentand deferred expenses, inventory, trade and other payables.Net cash used in operating activities in fiscal year 2018 was $3.7 million, compared with net cash provided by operating activities of $1.9 million in the year endedDecember 31, 2017. The change is mainly due to the increase of provision of Anhui property and the increase of deferred tax due to the loss of fiscal year 2018.Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.9 million, compared with $3.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2016. The change is mainlydue to the decrease in the amount of collection of account receivable.Investing ActivitiesNet cash provided by investing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.05 million, compared with $0.8 million net cash used in investing activities in 2017. The net cashprovided in investing activities in 2018 was interest received from our bank deposits.Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $0.8 million, compared with $0.04 million net cash provided by investing activities in 2016. The net cashused in investing activities in 2017 was to purchase fire protection facility.Financing ActivitiesNet cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.26 million, compared with $1.1 million net cash used in financing activities in 2017. It mainly consistedof repayment of bank loans in 2018.Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.1 million, compared with $1.68 million net cash provided by financing activities in 2016. It mainlyconsisted of interests paid for our bank loans.Loans, Other Commitments, ContingenciesAs of December 31, 2018, we had bank loans in an amount of $1,092,785. We may, however, in the future, require additional cash resources due to changing businessconditions, implementation of our strategy to expand our business or other investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our own financial resources areinsufficient to satisfy the capital requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain additional credit facilities. The sale of additionalequity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require usto agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overallbusiness prospects.C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.Our industry is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and changing customer demands. These conditions require continuousexpenditures on product research and development to enhance existing products create new products and avoid product obsolescence. See Item 3 “Key Information—D. Risk Factors—If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected,” —“Ifwe are unable to keep pace with the rapid technological changes in our industry, demand for our products and services could decline which would adversely affectour revenue,” and —“Our technology may become obsolete which could materially adversely affect our ability to sell our products and services.” For a detailedanalysis of research and development costs, see Item 5.A. “Operating Results—Results of Operations—Research and development expenses”.D.Trend InformationOther than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that wouldcause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.E.Off Balance Sheet ArrangementsWe do not have any off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes infinancial condition, sales or expenses, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures, or capital resources that are material to an investment in our securities.51Table of ContentsF.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual ObligationsThe table below shows our material contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018.Payments Due by PeriodLess than1 year13 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsContractual ObligationsConstruction Obligations$64,088,236Operating Lease Obligations$78,532146,7052,225,030Total$64,166,768146,7052,225,030Anhui Factory Construction ContractOn November 20, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party for the construction of a new plant with a total size of 110,557 square meters, atTaihu City, Anhui at a consideration of RMB 690 million (equivalent to approximately $104 million). This is the frame contract for the construction of Anhui factoryand round estimation. By December 31, 2016 we had already paid about $37.75 million in total on the phase 1, 2, 3 of construction based on detailed phase contractand the balance of construction cost of the Anui factory need to be determined based on the ontime budget on every phase. The majority of funds for constructionexpenses came from the cash balance on the account as of December 31, 2018 and the new profit of following year.Anhui Land Use Right Acquisition ContractOn September 2, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party to acquire a land use right in relation to the development of factories in Taihu City,Anhui Province, at a total consideration of RMB 43 million (approximately $6.3 million). Full consideration was paid in September 2010. There are three parts of theland. The Company has obtained land use rights certificates for the first parcel of land with 7,405 square meters on March 19, 2012, and the second parcel of landwith 2,440 square meters on May 26, 2012. The Company is currently in the process of obtaining the land use right certificate for the third parcel of the land with100,712 square meters.Except as set forth above, we have no other material longterm debt, capital or operating lease or fixed purchase obligations.InflationInflation and changing prices have not had a material effect on our business, and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect ourbusiness in the foreseeable future. However, our management will closely monitor price changes in the Chinese economy and the apparel industry and continuallymaintain effective cost controls in operations.52Table of ContentsSeasonalityOur business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal. Historically, we have realized more of our revenue and earnings in the fourth quarter, which includes themajority of the holiday shopping season, than in any other fiscal quarter.Critical Accounting PoliciesThe preparation of financial statements is in conformity with IFRS as issued by the IASB. It requires the Company’s management to make assumptions, estimatesand judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. The Company hasidentified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of Company’s financial statements. These accounting policies are important for anunderstanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of theCompany’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to makeestimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitivebecause of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly frommanagement’s current judgments. The Company believes the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in thepreparation of the Company’s financial statements.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects the considerationto which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled in exchange fortransferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that asignificant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration issubsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to the customerfor more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would be reflected in a separatefinancing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financing component which provides theCompany a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interest expense accreted on the contract liabilityunder the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services is oneyear or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component, using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of the goods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receiptsover the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.53Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with thedividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. Revenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer. Revenue from allabove categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of thetransaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered and title has passed.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting the deductible inputVAT of the period, is VAT payable.54Table of ContentsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial periodof time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use orsale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal government retirementbenefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fund their retirementbenefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal government takes responsibility for theretirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly, the only obligation of the Groupwith respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employment with the Group. There are no provisionsunder the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans are considered defined contribution plans. The Grouphas no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixed contributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pensionschemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service is performed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised inother comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Groupoperates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable taxregulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred taxassets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which thosedeductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or fromthe initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accountingprofit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able to control thereversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising fromdeductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profitsagainst which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.55Table of ContentsThe carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficienttaxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based ontax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assetsreflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carryingamount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when thedeferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities wherethere is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, inwhich case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arisesfrom the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.Store preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll and supplies.The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenses when occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases areclassified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes. Leaseholdimprovements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes other thanconstruction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful lives and aftertaking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction in progressis carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment whencompleted and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for theirintended use.56Table of ContentsAn item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of theasset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) isincluded in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.The Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights to use theland on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizable valuerepresents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fair valuethrough profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model formanaging them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the practicalexpedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus in the case of a financialasset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group hasapplied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance with the policies set out for “Revenue recognition(applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cash flowsthat are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established by regulation orconvention in the marketplace.57Subsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognised inthe income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversals arerecognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair value changes arerecognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive income is recycled to theincome statement.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under HKAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. The classification isdetermined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statement when theright of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and the amount of the dividendcan be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains arerecorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income are not subject to impairmentassessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value throughprofit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for thepurpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading unless they aredesignated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interest are classified and measured atfair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to be classified at amortised cost or at fairvalue through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition ifdoing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.58Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in theincome statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separate derivative if theeconomic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet thedefinition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changesin fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cashflows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between thecontractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the originaleffective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to thecontractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are providedfor credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been asignificant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespectiveof the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. When making theassessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on thefinancial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort,including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider afinancial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full beforetaking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering thecontractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the general approach andthey are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach as detailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured at anamount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets and for whichthe loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the loss allowance ismeasured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs59Simplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of asignificant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not track changes incredit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on itshistorical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt the simplifiedapproach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed from theGroup’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to what extent, ithas retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset nortransferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Groupalso recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that theGroup has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and the maximumamount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’sfinancial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.Subsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method unless theeffect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement when the liabilities arederecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.60Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantiallymodified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference between therespective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right tooffset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to the contractualprovisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financialassets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.The Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. Theeffective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of theeffective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, where appropriate, a shorter period tothe net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.61Table of ContentsReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including trade and otherreceivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment (seeaccounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a resultof one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have been affected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequently assessed forimpairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience of collecting payments,and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national or local economic conditions thatcorrelate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between the asset’scarrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.The carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables, where thecarrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized in profit or loss. When atrade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off arecredited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment losseswas recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset at the date theimpairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.G.Safe HarborSee “Introductory Notes—ForwardLooking Information.”62Table of ContentsITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEESA.Directors and Senior ManagementThe following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors and senior management, as well as employees upon whose work we are dependent, as ofthe date of this annual report.NAMEAGEPOSITIONKeyan Yan47Chairman and Chief Executive OfficerThemis Kalapotharakos44Executive DirectorLixiaTu37Chief Financial Officer and DirectorJohn Sano49Independent DirectorMatthew C. Los54Independent DirectorZhongmin Zhang76Independent DirectorYuet Mei Chan38Independent DirectorMr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has been the Chairman of our board of directors and Chief Executive Officer since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr.Yan has over 16 years of senior management experience. He served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of KBS International between March 2011 and August2014. From 1994 to present, Mr. Yan has served as general manager of Hongri PRC. Prior to joining us, Mr. Yan served as workshop manager, production managerand marketing manager of Zhenshi Knitting Factory in Shishi, China from 19891994. Mr. Yan obtained a certificate of corporate management from Xiamen Universityin 1992.Ms. Lixia Tu. Ms. Tu became the Company’s Chief Financial Officer on June 25, 2015. Ms. Tu has more than night years of accounting and audit experience, familiarwith IFRS, US GAAP, SarbanesOxley and the compliance requirements of SEC. After she worked as a project manager at BDO China Fu Jian SHU LUN PANCertified Public Accountants for four years, she worked as a CFO or a financial consultant for some other companies. Ms. Tu holds a Master’s degree inprofessional accounting from the University of Deakin in Australia. Ms. Tu is also a member of the Chartered Association of Certified Accountants.Mr. Themis Kalapotharakos. Mr. Kalapotharakos became our executive director on June 15, 2015. Mr. Kalapotharakos has acquired a range of expertise of a widespectrum of business activities. He has extensive highlevel experience at the Shipping, Trading and Finance industries where he has founded, developed andoperated various businesses starting from the ground up. His roles involved regular communication and coordination with investors, financial institutions, capitalmarket authorities, custodian and administrative banks, auditors and legal counsel. He holds a Bachelor’s degree from Cardiff University and an MSc Degree fromCass Business School in the UK.John Sano. Mr. Sano has been an independent director of the Company since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr. Sano has over 20 years ofexperience in apparel & home furnishings concept, design, sourcing, production, and ecommerce. He has extensive experience in all aspects of the retail clothingsupply chain, from conceptualization to final production and distribution. Mr. Sano has also advised and worked closely with numerous top brands in the US. Hehas been General Director of Sano Design Services since 2002. Mr. Sano has an associate’s degree in interior design from Traphagen School of Design.Mr. Matthew C. Los. Mr. Los became our director on October 8, 2015. Mr. Los has acquired a range of expertise of a wide spectrum of business activities. He hasover 20 years’ experience at high level management, and has founded, developed and operated various businesses in the shipping, energy, telecommunications realestate industries starting from the ground up. He also has experience in the capital markets and was the CEO of Aquasition Corp., the predecessor of the Company,prior to the Share Exchange. Mr. Los has a BSc in Mechanical Engineering and Computer Aided Design from University of Westminster in the UK.Mr. Zhongmin Zhang. Mr. Zhang became our director on July 10, 2017. He has over 45 years of extensive experience in many facets of textile business, including inproduction, marketing, and management. Currently, Mr. Zhang is the president of Zhengzhou Guangda Textile Printing & Dyeing Co., Ltd. which has an annualproduction of 216 million meters of various textile products, with a value of RMB 800 million. Holding a title of Senior Engineer, Mr. Zhang graduated from HarbinInstitute of Technology in 1965. He also has certificates in finance management and civil law.Mr. Yuet Mei Chan. Ms. Chan became our director on July 10, 2017. She has over 15 years of experience in the banking industry. She held several senior positions ina prestigious bank in Hong Kong from 20012016. She is currently a financial consultant at AIA and specializes in analyzing financial situations and market trends.Ms. Chan holds a diploma in Computing and Business Studies from Hong Kong St. Perth College.No family relationship exists between any of the persons named above.63Table of ContentsB.CompensationIn 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $207,268 in cash as compensation to our directors and senior management as a group, and some of our directors andexecutive officers also received compensation in the form of annual salaries and bonuses. We do not set aside or accrue any amounts for pension, retirement orother benefits for our directors and senior management. However, we reimburse our directors for outofpocket expenses incurred in connection with their services insuch capacity.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to our executive officers and directors as compensations for theirservices. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to the Company’s executiveofficers, directors and certain employees as compensations for their service. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.2018 Equity Incentive PlanOn December 24, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2018 Plan, pursuant to which the Company may offerup to two million shares of common stock as equity incentives to its directors, employees and consultants. Such number of shares is subject to adjustment in theevent of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, stock splits, stock dividends, or other change in the corporate structure of the Companyaffecting the shares issuable under the 2018 Plan. As of December 31, 2018, we have not granted any equity awards under the 2018 Plan.The following paragraphs summarize the terms of our 2018 Plan:Purpose. The purposes of the 2018 Plan are to promote the longterm growth and profitability of the Company and its affiliates by stimulating the efforts ofemployees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates who are selected to be participants, aligning the longterm interests of participants with thoseof shareholders, heightening the desire of participants to continue in working toward and contributing to our success, attracting and retaining the best availablepersonnel for positions of substantial responsibility, and generally providing additional incentive for them to promote the success of our business through the grantof awards of or pertaining to our common stock. The 2018 Plan permits the grant of ISOs, NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share AppreciationRights, Performance Units and Performance Shares as the administrator of the 2018 Plan may determine.Administration. The 2018 Plan is administered by our Board. The administrator has the authority to determine the specific terms and conditions of all awards grantedunder the 2018 Plan, including, without limitation, the number of shares of common stock subject to each award, the price to be paid for the shares and the applicablevesting criteria. The administrator has discretion to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2018 Plan.Eligibility. NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share Appreciation Rights, Performance Units and Performance Shares may be granted to employees,directors or consultants either alone or in combination with any other awards. ISOs may be granted only to employees of the Company, and of any parent orsubsidiary.Shares Available for Issuance Under the 2018 Plan. Subject to adjustment as described below, (a) the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issuedunder the 2018 Plan is 2,000,000 shares of common stock, (b) to the extent consistent with Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the“Code”), not more than an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of common stock may be issued under ISOs, and (c) not more than 200,000 shares of common stock (or forawards denominated in cash, the Fair Market Value of 200,000 shares of common stock on the Grant Date, as defined in the 2018 Plan), may be awarded to anyindividual participant in the aggregate in any one fiscal year of the Company, such limitation to be applied in a manner consistent with the requirements of, and onlyto the extent required for compliance with, the exclusion from the limitation on deductibility of compensation under Code Section 162(m). The number and class ofshares available under the 2018 Plan are subject to adjustment in the event of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, share splits, sharedividends, or other similar events which change the number or kind of shares outstanding.64Table of ContentsTransferability. Unless otherwise provided in the 2018 Plan or otherwise determined by the administrator, an award may not be sold, pledged, assigned,hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution and may be exercised, during the lifetime of theparticipant, only by the participant. However, the administrator may, at or after the grant of an award other than an ISO, provide that such award may be transferredby the recipient to a “family member” (as defined in the 2018 Plan); provided, however, that any such transfer is without payment of any consideration whatsoeverand that no transfer shall be valid unless first approved by the administrator, acting in its sole discretion, and as required by our Amended and Restated Articles ofIncorporation. If the administrator makes an award transferable, such award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the administrator deemsappropriate.Termination of, or Amendments to, the 2018 Plan. The Board may at any time amend, alter, suspend or terminate the 2018 Plan, provided that the Company willobtain shareholder approval of any 2018 Plan amendment to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with applicable Laws. No amendment, alteration,suspension or termination of the 2018 Plan will impair the rights of any participant, unless mutually agreed otherwise between the participant and the administrator,which agreement must be in writing and signed by the participant and the Company. Termination of the 2018 Plan will not affect the administrator’s ability to exercisethe powers granted to it hereunder with respect to awards granted prior to the date of such termination.The 2018 Plan will terminate five years following the date it was adopted by the Board, unless sooner terminated by the Board.Employment AgreementsPlease refer to Item 10 “Additional Information—C. Material Contracts.”C.Board PracticesOur board of directors currently consists of seven members, Keyan Yan, Lixia Tu, John Sano, Themis Kalapotharakos, Matthew C. Los, Yuet Mei Chan andZhongmin Zhang.The Board has established the Audit Committee, which is comprised entirely of independent directors. From time to time, the Board may establish other committees.Audit CommitteeOur Audit Committee is currently composed of three members: Yuet Mei Chan, John Sano and Matthew C. Los. Our Board of Directors determined that each memberof the Audit Committee meets the independence criteria prescribed by applicable regulation and the rules of the SEC for audit committee membership. Each AuditCommittee member also meets NASDAQ’s financial literacy requirements. Matthew C. Los serves as Chair of the Audit Committee.Our Board of Directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is the “audit committee financial expert” as such term is defined in Item 407(d) of Regulation SKpromulgated by the SEC and also meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements.The Audit Committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our Company. The Audit Committee isresponsible for, among other things:●the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the independent auditor;●reviewing and preapproving all auditing services and permissible nonaudit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed by theindependent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed relatedparty transactions;●discussing the interim and annual financial statements with management and our independent auditors;●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor (a) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls, (b) theCompany’s internal audit procedures, and (c) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, and managementreports thereon;65Table of Contents●reviewing reported violations of the Company’s code of conduct and business ethics; and●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor various topics and events that may have significant financial impact on theCompany or that are the subject of discussions between management and the independent auditors.D.EmployeesAs of December 31, 2018, we employed 370 fulltime employees. The following table sets forth the number of our fulltime employees by function. FunctionNumber ofEmployeesManagement and Administration28Marketing, Sales and Distribution18Design and Product Development20Production281Procurement, Warehousing and Logistics19Quality and Assurance7TOTAL370We believe that we have maintained a satisfactory working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any significant labor disputes or anydifficulty in recruiting staff for company’s operations. None of company’s employees is represented by a labor union.Our employees in China participate in a state pension plan organized by Chinese municipal and provincial governments. The company is required to make monthlycontributions to the plan for each employee at the rate of 23% of his or her average assessable salary. In addition, the company is required by Chinese law to coveremployees in China with various types of social insurance. The company believes that it is in material compliance with the relevant PRC laws.E.Share OwnershipThe following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of each class of our voting securities as of April 26, 2019 (i) by each person who is knownby us to beneficially own more than 5% of our voting securities; (ii) by each of our officers and directors; and (iii) by all of our officers and directors as a group.NameOffice, If AnyTitle of ClassAmount andNature ofBeneficialOwnership(1)Percent ofClass(2)Officers and DirectorsKeyan Yan(3)Chairman, CEO and PresidentCommon Stock964,32037.21%Lixia TuChief Financial Officer and DirectorCommon Stock60,0002.32%Themis KalapotharakosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%John SanoDirectorCommon Stock5,0000.19%Matthew C. LosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%Zhongmin ZhangDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%Yuet Mei ChanDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%All officers and directors as a group (7 personsnamed above)1,129,32043.58%5% Security HoldersKeyan Yan (3)Common Stock964,32037.21%Alliance Investment Management Limited(4)Common Stock195,488(4)7.54%*Less than 1%(1)Beneficial Ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Eachof the beneficial owners listed above has direct ownership of and sole voting power and investment power with respect to our common stock.66Table of Contents(2)As of April 26, 2019, a total of 2,591,299 shares of commons stock are considered to be outstanding pursuant to SEC Rule 13d3(d)(1). For each Beneficial Ownerabove, any securities that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days have been included in the denominator.(3)Includes 20,000 shares of common stock owned by Bizhen Chen, Mr. Yan’s wife.(4)Based solely on Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on August 8, 2018, in which Alliance Investment Management reported it has sole voting and dispositivepower with respect to 195,488 shares of our common stock. The address of the reporting person is 7 Belmont Road, Kingston, Jamaica.None of our existing shareholders has voting rights that differ from the voting rights of other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at asubsequent date, result in our change in control.ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSA.Major ShareholdersPlease refer to Item 6 “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.”B.Related Party TransactionsFrom time to time, KBS and its subsidiaries borrowed money from our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Keyan Yan, to pay for Company expenses. Theseamounts are interestfree, unsecured and repayable on demand. In years 2017 and 2016, Mr. Yan paid all the Company expenses in connection with the Company’sNasdaq continued listing and SEC reporting out of his pocket. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of these amounts we borrowed from Mr. Yan was$485,302 and $35,483, respectively.C.Interests of Experts and CounselNot applicable.ITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATIONA.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial InformationFinancial StatementsWe have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this report. See Item 18 “Financial Statements.”Legal Proceedings We may be subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our business from time to time. We are currently not party to anylegal or arbitration proceedings, including those relating to bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings and those involving any third party, which may have, orhave had in the recent past, significant effects on our financial position or profitability.Dividend PolicyTo date, we have not paid any cash dividends on our shares. As a Marshall Islands company, we may only declare and pay dividends except when the corporationis insolvent or would thereby be made insolvent or when the declaration or payment would be contrary to any restrictions contained in our Articles ofIncorporation. Dividends may be declared and paid out of surplus only; but in case there is no surplus, dividends may be declared or paid out of the net profits forthe fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and for the preceding fiscal year. We currently anticipate that we will retain any available funds to finance thegrowth and operation of our business and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our cash held in foreign countriesmay be subject to certain control limitations or repatriation requirements, limiting our ability to use this cash to pay dividends.67Table of ContentsB.Significant ChangesNo significant change has occurred since the date of our consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTINGA.Offer and Listing DetailsOur common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market and trade under the symbol “KBSF.” Between January 23, 2013 and November 3, 2014, our commonstock was traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “AQU.” Our Warrants and Units are quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “KBSFW”and “KBSFU”, respectively. Prior to November 3, 2014, our Warrants and Units were quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “AQUUF” and “AQUUU”,respectively. Before their quotation on the OTC Markets, our Units commenced to trade on the Nasdaq Stock Market on October 26, 2012 and our Warrantscommenced to trade separately from its Units on January 23, 2013.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.Approximate Number of Holders of Our SecuritiesOn April 26, 2019, there was 1 holder of record of our Units, 359 shareholders of record of our common stock and 1 holder of record of our Warrants. Certain of oursecurities are held in nominee or street name so the actual number of beneficial owners of our securities is greater than the number of record holders set forth above.B.Plan of DistributionNot applicable.C.MarketsSee our disclosures above under “A. Offer and Listing Details.”D.Selling ShareholdersNot applicable. E.DilutionNot applicable.F.Expenses of the IssueNot applicable.68Table of ContentsITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONA.Share CapitalOur Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation authorize the Company to issue up to 155,000,000 shares with a par value of $0.0001, consisting of 150,000,000shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of date of this report, there are 2,591,299 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Wehave never issued any preferred stock.●As of date of this report, we have 717 IPO Units outstanding.●As of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding (including 369,302 IPO Warrants and 24,534 Placement Warrants), each warrant entitles theholder to purchase one share of common stock at a purchase price of $172.5.B.Memorandum and Articles of AssociationThe following represents a summary of certain key provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. The summary does not purport to be a summary of allof the provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. For more complete information you should read our amended and restated articles ofincorporation and bylaws, each listed as an exhibit to this report.We were incorporated in the Marshall Islands on January 26, 2012 under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BCA”). The purpose of the Company isto engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may now or hereafter be organized under the BCA. Our amended and restated articles of incorporationand bylaws do not impose any limitations on the ownership rights of our stockholders.Description of Common StockEach outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Upon our dissolution, liquidation orwinding up of the affairs of the Company, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidationpreferences, if any, the holders or our common stock will be entitled to receive pro rata our remaining assets available for distribution. Holders of common stock donot have conversion, redemption or preemptive rights to subscribe to any of our securities.Blank Check Preferred Stock.Our Board of Directors is authorized, without any further vote or action by our stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in different classesand series and, with respect to each class or series, to determine the designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights,conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the powers and rights associated with the common stock,at such times and on such other terms as they think proper. Our Board of Directors may issue shares of preferred stock on terms calculated to discourage, delay orprevent a change of control of our company or the removal of our management.WarrantsAs of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding, among which 369,302 warrants were issued to the public in our IPO (the “IPO Warrants”). Each ofthe IPO Warrants entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.5 expiring on July 31, 2019, provided that there is an effectiveregistration statement covering the shares of common stock underlying the IPO Warrants.69Table of ContentsThe Company may redeem the IPO Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon 30 days’ notice, after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, only inthe event that the last sale price of the shares of common stock is at least $17.50 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30trading day period (“30Day TradingPeriod”) ending three business days prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is a current registration statement in effect with respectto the shares of common stock underlying such IPO Warrants throughout the 30day redemption period. The Company is only required to use its best efforts tomaintain the effectiveness of the registration statement covering the underlying common stock of the IPO Warrants. There are no contractual penalties for failure todeliver securities if a registration statement is not effective at the time of exercise. Additionally, in the event that a registration statement is not effective at the time ofexercise, the holder of such warrant shall not be entitled to exercise such warrant for cash and in no event (whether in the case of a registration statement not beingeffective or otherwise) will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrant exercise.In addition, Aqua Investments Corp., an entity controlled by certain founding shareholders of the Company, acquired 24,534 warrants, each entitles the holder topurchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50, expiring on July 31, 2019 (the “Placement Warrants”). The Placement Warrants are identical to the IPOWarrants except that the Placement Warrants (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis; (ii) will not be redeemable by the Company and (ii) may beexercised even if there is not an effective registration statement relating to the shares underlying the warrants, so long as they are held by the initial purchaser orany of its permitted transferees.As of date of this report, we also have 717 IPO Units outstanding and publicly trading, each including one IPO Warrant and one share of our common stock.DirectorsThe business and affairs of the Company are managed by or under the direction of our Board of Directors.Our directors are elected by the holders of the shares representing a majority of the total voting power of the thenoutstanding capital stock of the Company entitledto vote generally in the election of directors (“Voting Stock”). Our amended and restated articles of incorporation provide that cumulative voting shall not be used toelect directors. Each director will be elected to serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his/her successor shall have been duly elected andqualified, except in the event of his/her death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of his/her term of office.Any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of thetotal voting power of the Voting Stock entitled to vote thereon or with cause by directors constituting at least twothirds of the entire Board.Vacancies in the Board of Directors occurring by death, resignation, the creation of new directorships, the failure of the shareholders to elect the whole board at anyannual election of directors, or, except as herein provided, for any other reason, including removal of directors for cause, may be filled either by the affirmative voteof a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, at any special meeting called for that purpose or at any regular meeting of theBoard. Vacancies occurring by removal of directors without cause may be filled only by vote of the shareholders.Shareholder MeetingsAnnual stockholder meetings will be held at a time and place selected by our board of directors. The meetings may be held in or outside of the Marshall Islands.Under our amended and restated articles of incorporation, special meetings may be called by the board of directors, or by the secretary of the Company requestedby stockholders representing certain amount of voting power. Our board of directors shall give not less than 15 days and not more than 60 days prior written noticeof a shareholders’ meeting to each shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat and to each shareholder of record who, by reason of any action proposed at suchmeeting would be entitled to have his/her shares appraised if such action were taken, and the notice shall include a statement of that purpose and to that effect.Our bylaws provide that a meeting of shareholders is duly constituted if, at the commencement of the meeting, there are shareholders present in person or by proxyrepresenting not less than a majority of the votes of the shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on resolutions of shareholders to be considered at themeeting.70Table of ContentsIf a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of stock represented at the meeting will be the act of the shareholders. At any meeting ofshareholders, each shareholder entitled to vote any shares on any manner to be voted upon at such meeting shall be entitled to one vote on such matter for eachsuch share. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the action so taken, issigned by all the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof.Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal and Payment.Under the BCA, our stockholders have the right to dissent from various corporate actions, including any merger or sale of all or substantially all of our assets notmade in the usual course of our business, and receive payment of the fair value of their shares. However, the right of a dissenting stockholder to receive payment ofthe fair value of his or her shares shall not be available for any shares of stock of the constituent corporation surviving a merger if the merger did not require for itsapproval the vote of the stockholders of the surviving corporation. In the event of any further amendment of our articles of incorporation, a stockholder also has theright to dissent and receive payment for his or her shares if the amendment alters certain rights in respect of those shares. The dissenting stockholder must followthe procedures set forth in the BCA to receive payment. In the event that we and any dissenting stockholder fail to agree on a price for the shares, the BCAprocedures involve, among other things, the institution of proceedings in the circuit court in the judicial circuit in the Marshall Islands in which our Marshall Islandsoffice is situated. The value of the shares of the dissenting stockholder is fixed by the court after reference, if the court so elects, to the recommendations of a courtappointed appraiser.Stockholders’ Derivative ActionsUnder the BCA, any of our stockholders may bring an action in our name to procure a judgment in our favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that thestockholder bringing the action is a holder of common stock both at the time the derivative action is commenced and at the time of the transaction to which theaction relates.Indemnification of Officers and DirectorsThe BCA authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors and officers to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages forbreaches of directors’ fiduciary duties. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation include a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors formonetary damages for actions taken as a director to the fullest extent permitted by law. We must indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorizedby law. We are also expressly authorized to advance certain expenses (including attorneys’ fees and disbursements and court costs) to our directors and offices andcarry directors’ and officers’ insurance providing indemnification for our directors, officers and certain employees for some liabilities.The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws may discourage stockholders frombringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigationagainst directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. In addition, your investment may beadversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.C.Material ContractsWe have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in Item 4 “Information on theCompany,” Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations,” Item 7 “Major Shareholders and RelatedParty Transactions,” or filed (or incorporated by reference) as exhibits to this annual report or otherwise described or referenced in this annual report.D.Exchange ControlsMarshall Islands Exchange ControlsUnder Marshall Islands law, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect theremittance of dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our shares.71Table of ContentsBVI Exchange ControlsThere are no material exchange controls restrictions on payment of dividends, interest or other payments to the holders of our common stock or on the conduct ofour operations in the BVI, where we were incorporated. There are no material BVI laws that impose any material exchange controls on us or that affect the paymentof dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our common stock. BVI law and our memorandum and articles of association do not impose anymaterial limitations on the right of nonresidents or foreign owners to hold or vote our common stock.PRC Exchange ControlsRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued bySAFE and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade and service payments, payment ofinterest and dividends can be made without prior approval from SAFE by following the appropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMBinto foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRC for the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments,loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from SAFE or its local office.On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency Management Policy on Direct Investment, effective fromJune 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investmentfrom SAFE. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for the purpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed withqualified banks, which, under the supervision of SAFE, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise, or SAFE Circular 19,was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to SAFE Circular 19, a foreigninvested enterprise may, according to its actualbusiness needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchange bureau has confirmedmonetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the time being, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shall truthfully use itscapital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equity investment with theamount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open a corresponding Account forForeign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming andRegulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or SAFE Circular 16, was promulgated and became effective on June 9,2016. According to SAFE Circular 16, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreign currency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionarybasis. SAFE Circular 16 provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items (including but not limited to foreigncurrency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. SAFE Circular 16 reiterates the principle thatRenminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope andmay not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guarantee the principal within the PRCunless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless it is within the businessscope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Optimizing Genuineness and ComplianceVerification, or SAFE Circular 3, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits from domestic entities tooffshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution, original copies oftax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses before remitting any profits.Moreover, pursuant to SAFE Circular 3, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provide boardresolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.72Table of ContentsRegulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsSAFE issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special PurposeVehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issues Concerning theRegulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles, to regulateforeign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investment and financing orconduct round trip investment in China. SAFE Circular 37 defines a SPV as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly or indirectly, by PRC residents orentities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets or interests, while “round tripinvestment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through SPVs, namely, establishing foreigninvested enterprises to obtain theownership, control rights and management rights. SAFE Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into an SPV, PRC residents or entities be required tocomplete foreign exchange registration with SAFE or its local branch. In addition, SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving theAdministration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended SAFE Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015,requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.PRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to SPVs but had not obtained registration as required before theimplementation of the SAFE Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the SPVs with qualified banks. An amendment to the registration isrequired if there is a material change with respect to the SPV registered, such as any change of basic information (including change of the PRC residents, name andoperation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers or divisions. Failure to comply with the registrationprocedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclose controllers of the foreigninvestedenterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to itsoffshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities to penalties under PRC foreignexchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companiesby PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRCsubsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansSAFE promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan ofOverseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issued by SAFE in March 2007. Pursuant tothe Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residents participating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted companyare required to register with SAFE or its local branches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents mustconduct the SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of theoverseas publicly listed company or another qualified institution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevantSAFE registration should there be any material change to the stock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of thePRC residents who have the right to exercise the employee stock options, apply to SAFE or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreigncurrencies in connection with the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the saleof shares under the stock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRCopened by the PRC agents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.73Table of ContentsWe adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We have advised therecipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice. However, wecannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subjectthe PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016 respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014 respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our BVI holding company may rely on dividend payments from IST,which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on the ability of ourconsolidated VIEs to make remittance to IST and on the ability of IST to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations ofthose entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends andother distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you,and otherwise fund and conduct our business”E.TaxationThe following is a general summary of the material Marshall Islands, Hong Kong, BVI, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to an investmentin our units, shares of common stock and warrants to acquire our shares of common stock, sometimes referred to collectively in this summary as our “securities”.The discussion is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal or tax advice to any particular prospective purchaser. The discussion is based on lawsand relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change or different interpretations, possibly withretroactive effect. The discussion does not address United States state or local tax laws, or tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Marshall Islands, Hong Kong,the BVI, the PRC and the United States. We recommend that you consult your own tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquisition, ownership anddisposition of our securities.Marshall Islands TaxationThe following are the material Marshall Islands tax consequences of our activities to us and to our stockholders and warrant holders of investing in our CommonStock and warrants. Under current Marshall Islands law, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains, and no Marshall Islands withholding tax or income taxwill be imposed upon payments of dividends by us to our stockholders or proceeds from the disposition of our common stock and warrants, provided suchstockholders or warrant holders, as the case may be, are not residents in the Marshall Islands. There is no tax treaty between the United States and the Republic ofthe Marshall Islands.BVI TaxationThe BVI does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid to us by our BVI subsidiary, nor does the BVI levy any capital gains or income taxes on us or our BVIsubsidiary. However, our BVI subsidiary is required to pay the BVI government an annual license fee based on the number of shares it is authorized to issue.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the BVI.74Table of ContentsHong Kong TaxationOur Hong Kong subsidiaries, under the current laws of Hong Kong, are subject to profits tax of 16.5%. No provision for Hong Kong profits tax has been made asour Hong Kong subsidiaries have no taxable income.PRC TaxationWe are a holding company incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which indirectly holds our equity interests in our PRC operating subsidiaries. The EIT Law and itsimplementation rules, both of which became effective as of January 1, 2008, provide that a PRC enterprise is subject to a standard income tax rate of 25% and Chinasourced income of foreign enterprises, such as dividends paid by a PRC subsidiary to its overseas parent, will normally be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of10%, unless there are applicable treaties between the overseas parent’s jurisdiction of incorporation and China to reduce such rate.Under the Arrangement between the Mainland and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention ofFiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, or the Double Taxation Arrangement, effective as of January 1, 2007, such dividend withholding tax rate is reducedto 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns over 25% of the PRC company distributing the dividends. Under the aforesaid arrangement, any dividends that ourPRC operating subsidiaries pay to their Hong Kong holding companies may be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 5% if they are not considered to be a PRC“resident enterprise” as described below. However, if the Hong Kong holdings companies are not considered to be the “beneficial owner” of such dividends underthe Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties promulgated by the State Administration of Taxation on October 27,2009 (and not a PRC “resident enterprise”), such dividends would be subject to the withholding tax rate of 10%. The withholding tax rate of 5% or 10% applicablewill have a significant impact on the amount of dividends to be received by us and ultimately by shareholders.According to the Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties, the term “beneficial owner” refers to a person who hasthe right to own and dispose of the income and the rights or properties generated from the said income. The “beneficial owner” may be an individual, a company orany other organization which is usually engaged in substantial business operations. A conduit company is not a “beneficial owner.” The term “conduit company”refers to a company which is usually established for purposes of dodging or reducing taxes, and transferring or accumulating profits. Such a company is onlyregistered in the country of domicile to satisfy the organizational form as required by law, but it does not engage in such substantial business operations asmanufacturing, distribution and management. As our Hong Kong holding companies are controlling companies and are not engaged in substantial businessoperations, they could be considered as conduit companies by tax authorities and we do not expect them to be a beneficial owner.In addition to the changes to the current tax structure, under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto management bodies” withinChina is considered a resident enterprise and will normally be subject to an EIT of 25% on its global income. The implementing rules define the term “de factomanagement bodies” as “an establishment that exercises, in substance, overall management and control over the production, business, personnel, accounting, etc.,of a Chinese enterprise.”It remains unclear whether the PRC tax authorities would require or permit our overseas registered entities to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. We do notcurrently consider our company to be a PRC resident enterprise. However, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterpriseincome tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on ourworldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on offering proceedsand nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although under the EIT Law and its implementing rulesdividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued guidance with respect to the processing ofoutbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidance issuedwith respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation in which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to our nonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC shareholders from transferring our shares.75Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income TaxationThe following is a discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our securities. It does notpurport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s situation. The discussion applies only toholders that hold their securities as capital assets (generally property held for investment) within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based on the Code, income tax regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial positions, published positions of theInternal Revenue Service, or the IRS, and other applicable authorities, all as in effect as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly withretroactive effect. This discussion is general in nature and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations, nor does the discussion address any state, local orforeign tax considerations or any U.S. tax considerations (e.g., estate or gift tax) other than U.S. federal income tax considerations, that may be applicable toparticular holders.This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant in light of particular circumstances, nor does it address the U.S.federal income tax consequences to persons who are subject to special rules under U.S. federal income tax law, including:●banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions;●persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;●taxexempt organizations;●controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid United States federal incometax;●certain former citizens or longterm residents of the United States;●dealers in securities or currencies;●traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting for their securities holdings;●persons that own, or are deemed to own, more than five percent of our capital stock;●holders who acquired our stock as compensation or pursuant to the exercise of a stock option; or●persons who hold our shares as a position in a hedging transaction, “straddle,” or other risk reduction transaction.For purposes of this discussion, a U.S. holder is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (ii) acorporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States (or treated assuch under applicable U.S. tax laws), any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardlessof its source; or (iv) a trust if (a) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have theauthority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) it has a valid election in effect under applicable law and regulations to be treated as a U.S. person forU.S. federal income tax purposes. A nonU.S. holder is a holder that is neither a U.S. holder nor a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S.federal income tax purposes.In the case of a partnership or entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally willdepend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal incometax consequences to them of the merger or of the ownership and disposition of our shares.As a result of consummation of the Share Exchange, (i) we acquired substantially all the properties of KBS International, a U.S. corporation, and (ii) the formershareholders of KBS International held at least 80 percent of our common stock by reason of having held stock of KBS International. Accordingly, under Section7874 of the Code, we are treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as a U.S. corporation and, among other consequences, are subject to U.S. federal income tax on ourworldwide income. This discussion assumes that Section 7874 of the Code continues to apply to treat us as a U.S. corporation for all purposes under the Code. If,for some reason (e.g., future repeal of Section 7874 of the Code), we were no longer treated as a U.S. corporation under the Code, the U.S. federal income taxconsequences described herein could be materially and adversely affected.76Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. HoldersDistributionsIn the event that distributions are paid on our common stock, the gross amount of such distributions will be included in the gross income of the U.S. holder asdividend income on the date of receipt to the extent that the distribution is paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federalincome tax principles. Such dividends will be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Dividends received by noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, may be subject to reduced rates of taxation under current law. A U.S. holdermay be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed on dividends paid by us. However, the foreign tax credit rules arecomplex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 of the Code and the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and theGovernment of the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, or theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty, is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may be entitled to underthe foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.To the extent that dividends paid on our common stock exceed current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distributions will be treated first as a taxfree returnof tax basis on our common stock, and to the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds tax basis, the excess will be treated as gain from the disposition ofthose common stock. Because Section 7874 of the Code has applied to treat us as a U.S. corporation only since consummation of the Share Exchange in 2014, wemay not be able to demonstrate to the IRS the extent to which a distribution on our common stock exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (asdetermined under U.S. federal income tax principles), in which case all of such distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.Sale or Other DispositionU.S. holders of our common stock will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of common stock equal to the differencebetween the amount realized for the common stock and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the common stock. This gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss. Undercurrent law, noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, are eligible for reduced tax rates if the common stock has been held for more than one year. Thedeductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. A U.S. holder may be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed ongain from the sale or other disposition of common stock. However, the foreign tax credit rules are complex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 ofthe Code and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may beentitled to under the foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Unearned Income Medicare ContributionCertain U.S. holders who are individuals, trusts or estates are required to pay an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on, among other things, dividends on and capitalgains from the sale or other disposition of shares of stock. U.S. holders should consult their own advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this rule on their ownershipand disposition of our common stock.U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for NonU.S. HoldersDistributionsThe rules applicable to nonU.S. holders for determining the extent to which distributions on our common stock, if any, constitute dividends for U.S. federal incometax purposes are the same as for U.S. holders. See “–U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. Holders– Distributions.”77Table of ContentsAny dividends paid to a nonU.S. holder by us are treated as income derived from sources within the United States and generally will be subject to U.S. federalincome tax withholding at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends, or at a lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty if nonU.S. holdersprovide proper certification of eligibility for the lower rate (usually on IRS Form W8BEN or W8BENE). Dividends received by a nonU.S. holder that are effectivelyconnected with such holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business (and, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained bythe nonU.S. holder in the U.S.) are exempt from such withholding tax, provided that applicable certification requirements are satisfied. In such case, however, nonU.S. holders will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such dividends, net of certain deductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. In addition, corporatenonU.S. holders may be subject to an additional branch profits tax equal to 30% or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable tax treaty on dividendsreceived that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.If nonU.S. holders are eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, such nonU.S. holders may obtain a refund ofany excess amounts withheld by filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.Sale or Other DispositionExcept as described below for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, any gain realized by a nonU.S. holder upon the saleor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:criminal liability in serious cases.According to the PRC Product Quality Law, consumers or other victims who suffer injury or property losses due to product defects may demand compensation fromthe manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the corresponding amount from the manufacturer if the manufactureris responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Relating to Consumer ProtectionThe principal legal provisions for the protection of consumer interests are set forth in the Law of the PRC on Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests, or theConsumer Protection Law, which was promulgated in October 1993 amended in October 2013. The Consumer Protection Law sets forth standards of behavior thatbusinesses must observe in their dealings with consumers.Violations of the Consumer Protection Law may result in the imposition of fines. In addition, the violating entity may be ordered to suspend its operations, and itsbusiness license may be revoked. There may also be criminal liability in serious cases.According to the Consumer Protection Law, if the legal rights and interests of a consumer are violated during the purchase or use of goods, the consumer may seekcompensation from the seller. If the manufacturer or an upstream distributor is responsible, after compensating the consumer, the seller may recover thecorresponding amount from the manufacturer or the upstream distributor. Consumers or other persons who suffer personal injury or property damages due todefects in products may seek compensation from the manufacturer as well as the seller. After compensating the consumer, the seller may recover the correspondingamount from the manufacturer if the manufacturer is responsible for the product defects, and vice versa.Regulations Related to TrademarksThe PRC Trademark Law, adopted in 1982 and revised in 2001 and 2013, protects the proprietary rights to registered trademarks. The Trademark Office under theState Administration of Industry and Commerce handles trademark registration and grants a term of ten years to registered trademarks and another ten years totrademarks as requested upon expiry of the prior term. Trademark license agreements and transfer agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office for record.37Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Environmental MattersOur facilities are subject to various governmental regulations related to environmental protection. We use a myriad of chemicals in our operations and produceemissions that could pose environmental risks. Our manufacturing facilities are subject to various pollution control regulations with respect to noise, water and airpollution and the disposal of waste and hazardous materials, including, China’s Environmental Protection Law, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Appraisingof Environment Impacts, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of AirPollution and its implementing rules, China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution, and China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of NoisePollution. We are subject to periodic inspections by local environmental protection authorities.We did not incur material costs in environmental compliance in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016. We believe we are in material compliance with the relevant PRCenvironmental laws and regulations. We are not currently subject to any pending actions alleging any violations of applicable PRC environmental laws.Regulations Related to EmploymentThe PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law require that employers must execute written employment contracts with fulltime employees. All employers mustcompensate their employees with wages equal to at least the local minimum wage standards. Violations of the PRC Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law may resultin the imposition of fines and other administrative sanctions, and serious violations may constitute criminal offences.On December 28, 2012, the PRC Labor Contract Law was amended with effect on July 1, 2013 to impose more stringent requirements on labor dispatch. Under suchlaw, dispatched workers are entitled to pay equal to that of fulltime employees for equal work, but the number of dispatched workers that an employer hires may notexceed a certain percentage of its total number of employees as determined by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Additionally, dispatchedworkers are only permitted to engage in temporary, auxiliary or substitute work. According to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch promulgated by theMinistry of Human Resources and Social Security on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014, the number of dispatched workers hired by anemployer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees (including both directly hired employees and dispatched workers). The Interim Provisions onLabor Dispatch require employers not in compliance with the PRC Labor Contract Law in this regard to reduce the number of its dispatched workers to below 10% ofthe total number of its employees prior to March 1, 2016.Enterprises in China are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in certain employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pensionplan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a workrelated injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund,and contribute to the plans or funds in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of the employees as specified by thelocal government from time to time at locations where they operate their businesses or where they are located. The enterprise may be ordered to pay the full amountwithin a deadline if it fails to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans and may be subject to fines and other administrative sanctions.Regulations Relating to Foreign ExchangeRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued by theState Administration of Foreign Exchange and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade andservice payments, payment of interest and dividends can be made without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange by following theappropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRCfor the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange or its local office.38Table of ContentsOn February 13, 2015, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency ManagementPolicy on Direct Investment, effective from June 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign directinvestment and overseas direct investment from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for thepurpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed with qualified banks, which, under the supervision of the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to this Circular, a foreigninvested enterprise may,according to its actual business needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchangebureau has confirmed monetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the timebeing, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shalltruthfully use its capital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equityinvestment with the amount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open acorresponding Account for Foreign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of theState Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts waspromulgated and became effective on June 9, 2016. According to this Circular, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreigncurrency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionary basis. This Circular provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items(including but not limited to foreign currency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. ThisCircular reiterates the principle that Renminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposesbeyond its business scope and may not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guaranteethe principal within the PRC unless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless itis within the business scope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration andOptimizing Genuineness and Compliance Verification, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits fromdomestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution,original copies of tax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses beforeremitting any profits. Moreover, pursuant to this Circular, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provideboard resolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and RoundtripInvestment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of ForeignExchange on Issues Concerning the Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore SpecialPurpose Vehicles, to regulate foreign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investmentand financing or conduct round trip investment in China. Circular 37 defines a “special purpose vehicle” as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly orindirectly, by PRC residents or entities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets orinterests, while “round trip investment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through special purpose vehicles, namely, establishingforeigninvested enterprises to obtain the ownership, control rights and management rights. Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into a specialpurpose vehicle, PRC residents or entities be required to complete foreign exchange registration with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranch. In addition, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the ForeignExchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015, requiring PRC residents or entities toregister with qualified banks rather than the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.39Table of ContentsPRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to special purpose vehicles but had not obtained registration asrequired before the implementation of the Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the special purpose vehicles with qualified banks. Anamendment to the registration is required if there is a material change with respect to the special purpose vehicle registered, such as any change of basic information(including change of the PRC residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers ordivisions. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclosecontrollers of the foreigninvested enterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchangeactivities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, sharetransfer or liquidation, to its offshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities topenalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating toinvestments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our abilityto inject capital into our PRC subsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansThe State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic IndividualsParticipating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issuedby the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in March 2007. Pursuant to the Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residentsparticipating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted company are required to register with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its localbranches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents must conduct the registration and other procedures withrespect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of the overseas publicly listed company or another qualifiedinstitution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevant registration should there be any material change to thestock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of the PRC residents who have the right to exercise the employeestock options, apply to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreign currencies in connectionwith the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the sale of shares under thestock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRC opened by the PRCagents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.We have adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we will have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We haveadvised the recipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.However, we cannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock IncentivePlan Notice. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plansmay subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016, respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014, respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our Marshall Islands holding company may rely on dividend paymentsfrom Hongri PRC, which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on theability of our other PRC subsidiaries to make remittance to Hongri PRC and on the ability of Hongri PRC to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cashgenerated by the operations of those entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We rely to a significant extent on dividends and otherdistributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiary to fund offshore cash and financing requirements.”40Table of ContentsRegulations Relating to Overseas ListingsOn August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the StateOwned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, theState Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the State Administration ofForeign Exchange, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which became effective onSeptember 8, 2006 and was amended on June 22, 2009. These regulations, among other things, require that (i) PRC entities or individuals obtain approval from theMinistry of Commerce before they establish or control a special purpose vehicle overseas, provided that they intend to use the special purpose vehicle to acquiretheir equity interests in a PRC company at the consideration of newly issued share of the special purpose vehicle, or Share Swap, and list their equity interests in thePRC company overseas by listing the special purpose vehicle in an overseas market; (ii) the special purpose vehicle obtains approval from the Ministry ofCommerce before it acquires the equity interests held by the PRC entities or PRC individual in the PRC company by Share Swap; and (iii) the special purpose vehicleobtains China Securities Regulatory Commission approval before it lists overseas. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The approval ofthe China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with this offering under a PRC regulation. The regulation also establishes more complexprocedures for acquisitions conducted by foreign investors that could make it more difficult for us to grow through acquisitions.”Regulations Relating to TaxationDividend Withholding TaxIn March 2007, the National People’s Congress enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law which became effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on February 24,2017. According to Enterprise Income Tax Law, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a foreigninvested enterprise in China to its foreignenterprise investors are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that providesfor a preferential withholding arrangement. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Negotiated Reduction of Dividends and Interest Rates,issued on January 29, 2008 and supplemented and revised on February 29, 2008, and the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, which became effective onDecember 8, 2006 and applicable to income derived in any year of assessment commencing on or after April 1, 2007 in Hong Kong and in any year commencing on orafter January 1, 2007 in the PRC, such withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong enterprise is deemed the beneficial owner of any dividend paid by aPRC subsidiary by PRC tax authorities and holds at least 25% of the equity interest in that particular PRC subsidiary at all times within the 12month periodimmediately prior to the distribution of the dividends. Furthermore, pursuant to the Announcement on Issues concerning “Beneficial Owners” in Tax Treaties issuedon February 3, 2018 by the State Administration of Taxation, when determining the status of “beneficial owners,” a comprehensive analysis may be conductedthrough materials such as articles of association, financial statements, records of capital flows, minutes of board of directors, resolutions of board of directors,allocation of manpower and material resources, the relevant expenses, functions and risk assumption, loan contracts, royalty contracts or transfer contracts, patentregistration certificates and copyright certificates, etc. However, even if an applicant has the status as a “beneficiary owner,” if the competent tax authority findsnecessity to apply the principal purpose test clause in the tax treaties or the general antitax avoidance rules stipulated in domestic tax laws, the general antitaxavoidance provisions shall apply.Enterprise Income TaxIn December 2007, the State Council promulgated the Implementing Rules of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008. TheEnterprise Income Tax Law and its relevant implementing rules (i) impose a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate, which is applicable to both foreigninvestedenterprises and domestic enterprises (ii) permits companies to continue to enjoy their existing tax incentives, subject to certain transitional phaseout rules and(iii) introduces new tax incentives, subject to various qualification criteria.41Table of ContentsThe Enterprise Income Tax Law also provides that enterprises organized under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies”located within China may be considered PRC resident enterprises and therefore be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwideincome. The implementing rules further define the term “de facto management body” as the management body that exercises substantial and overall managementand control over the production and operations, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. If an enterprise organized under the laws of jurisdictionoutside China is considered a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, itwould be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. Second, a 10% withholding tax would be imposed on dividends itpays to its nonPRC enterprise shareholders and with respect to gains derived by its nonPRC enterprise shareholders from transfer of its shares.On October 17, 2017, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Bulletin on Issues Concerning the Withholding of NonPRC Resident Enterprise Income Tax atSource, or Bulletin 37, which replaced the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by NonPRC Resident Enterprisesissued by the State Administration of Taxation on December 10, 2009, and partially replaced and supplemented rules under the Bulletin on Issues of EnterpriseIncome Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by NonPRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7, issued by the State Administration of Taxation on February 3, 2015.Under Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by nonPRC resident enterprises may be recharacterizedand treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose ofavoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. In respect of anindirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the relevant gain is to be regarded as effectively connected with the PRC establishment and thereforeincluded in its enterprise income tax filing, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relatesto the immoveable properties in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not effectively connected to a PRC establishment of a nonresident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax at 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similararrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Pursuant to Bulletin 37, the withholding party shalldeclare and pay the withheld tax to the competent tax authority in the place where such withholding party is located within seven days from the date of occurrenceof the withholding obligation. Both Bulletin 37 and Bulletin 7 do not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange wheresuch shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We and our existingshareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a Chinese establishmentof a nonChinese company, or immovable properties located in China owned by nonChinese companies.”ValueAdded TaxIn November 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Pilot Plan for Imposition of ValueAdded Tax to ReplaceBusiness Tax. In March 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation further promulgated the Notice on Fully Promoting the Pilot Plan forReplacing Business Tax by ValueAdded Tax. Pursuant to this Pilot Plan and the relevant notice, value added tax at a rate of 6% is generally imposed, on anationwide basis, on the revenue generated from the provision of service in lieu of business tax in the modern service industries. Value added tax of a rate of 6%applies to revenue derived from the provision of some modern services. Unlike business tax, a taxpayer is allowed to offset the qualified input value added tax paidon taxable purchases against the output value added tax chargeable on the modern services provided.C.Organizational StructureSee “—A. History and Development of the Company—Corporate Structure” above for details of our current organizational structure.42Table of ContentsD.Property, Plants and EquipmentOur company has established a nationwide distribution network covering 12 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31,2018, this network was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, our company’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The facilityhas a production capacity of 2 million pieces per year and we move in upon the completion of phase 2 in year 2015. By relocating from the coastal area to AnhuiProvince, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a more stable labor supply. We manufacture a variety of menswear products, including, jeans,shirts, suits and socks. Because of its variety and complexity in the production process, these products require special sewing machines and workmanship, whichwe currently do not possess. As a result, the Company is not yet able to produce KBS branded products and has outsourced its KBS branded productmanufacturing to other established ODM and OEM manufacturers in the Fujian and Zhejiang regions. The Company has completed the second phase constructionof its new factory at the end of 2014. The second phase has an annual production capacity of 5 million pieces subject to our purchasing additional equipment.Currently Anhui factory mainly produces OEM orders and some international orders.Our production facility consists of total 110,557 square meters of land. We obtained a portion of such land use rights for two parcels of land of 7,405 square metersand 2,440 square meters in May 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and 22,292 square meters as workshop buildingsand offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of 2016. Due to the local government’s need foradditional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction of the adjacent facility on the third parcel of landhas been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire the land use right of the third parcel of land. Oncethe construction of the new production facilities is completed, our total production capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year fromthe current capacity of 2 million pieces per year.In 2016, we closed 1 corporate store and as of December 31, 2018, we leased the premises for our sole remaining corporate store. We have undertaken variousmeasures to verify the lessees’ rights to the property leased to us in respect of its stores. In China, all land is owned by the State or other governmental bodies, and“ownership” is generally evidenced by a land use rights certificate. We rent some stores that were located in rural areas where land use rights are held collectivelyby villages and records regarding the ownership of land use rights are frequently not kept. In these cases, the company has confirmed our ability to lease the storesthrough communications with village authorities, and has reviewed electricity and water bills to confirm utilities are being paid by the parties leasing the premises tous. Based on the results of these efforts, we believe the risk of third party claims against our leases of these stores is relatively small and the measures taken by ourcompany are sufficient to verify the land use rights for all of its stores.In addition, the property used as our head office and corporate store is leased from a related party, whose ownership of the property has been verified by ourcompany. We paid a total of RMB720,000, RMB 720,000, and RMB 720,000, as rental fees for the existing corporate stores during the fiscal years 2016, 2017 and 2018,respectively. The total area of these 2 corporate stores is 158 square meters. The sales of each store and its location are shown below:AreaSales in fiscalyear 2016(USD)Sales in fiscalyear 2017(USD)Sales in fiscalyear2018(USD)Shishi factory1,240,354.74772,299691,431Quanzhou Dayang (closed in 2016)470,280.90Total:1,710,635.64772,299691,43143Table of ContentsITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot required.ITEM 5.OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTSWe are engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of casual menswear in China, including apparel and accessories, which we market under the KBSbrand. The KBS brand was developed in 2006. Before 2012, we were engaged in the design, development, marketing and sale of fashion sportswear in China. Sinceour products feature a unique and stylish design that is more fashionable than traditional sportswear, as well as quality fabrics and materials and the sportswearmarket was becoming more and more competitive, in late 2011 we turned our focus on casual menswear market which has higher profit margin. KBS’s apparelproducts include cotton and down jackets, sweaters, shirts, Tshirts, Jeans and trousers. Accessories include shoes, bags, belts and caps. In 2016, the suggestedretail prices of KBS’s products ranged from RMB199 to RMB1,499 for its apparel products and RMB15 to RMB899 for its accessory products. KBS holds newproducts launch events twice every year, one in spring and the other in autumn. Since 2006, we have launched about 1,500,536 collections of new products eachyear with a different theme to highlight the current trends for the season. KBS’s marketing concept is “French origin, Korean design and made for Chinese.” KBS’scustomers are male middleclass consumers in the 2040 age range, primarily located in tier two and tier three cities in China. The company has adopted “KBS” as auniform brand name, which stands for “Keep Best Style”, and KBS are designed by us for a uniform look and feel that fits our brand image, with instore displaysthat accentuate the quality and style of our products across all stores in our distribution network and on all products sold in those stores. We believe that the KBSbrand has become a recognized brand name in the cities where their products are sold.We have established a nationwide distribution network covering 10 of China’s 32 provinces and centrally administered municipalities. As of December 31, 2018, thisnetwork was comprised of 1 corporate store owned and operated by us and 32 franchised stores operated by 11 thirdparty distributors or their subdistributors. Thenumber of stores grew significantly from 1 corporate store and 7 franchised stores as of December 31, 2006 to 31 corporate stores as of December 31, 2012 and 96franchised stores as of December 31, 2013, and decreased to 84 stores as of December 31, 2014. Because of the recent softening of economic growing in China andfierce competition from our competitors, online store sales of franchised stores and corporate stores went down in 2015 as compared with the previous year. In 2017and 2018, the distributors closed 15 and 8 franchised stores, respectively, and we closed 1 corporate store in year 2016. We generate more revenues from OEM in2018 and intend to generate more in OEM and target area from acquisitions.KBS also acts as an original design manufacturer, or ODM, upon request. Income from such services accounted for 14%, 7.3% and 9% of revenue for the yearsended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Relocated from Shishi City, Fujian, China in March 2011, KBS’s production facility is currently located in Taihu City in Anhui Province, China. The company believesthat the shortage of labor and rising wage expectations in China, especially in the coastal area, could have a material impact on our operations as well as itssuppliers’ cost of manufacturing. By relocating from the coastal area to inland Anhui Province, our new facility takes advantage of lower labor costs and a morestable labor supply. Since the company’s original production team was not ready to produce the new style KBS products, KBS has outsourced its productmanufacturing to other established ODM manufacturers. As such, KBS’s own production facility in Taihu mainly takes OEM orders from other sportswearcompanies, like Xtep. Our production facility in Taihu, Anhui Province includes three parcels of land with a total area of 110,557 square meters. We have obtainedland use rights for two parcels of land with an area of 9,845 square meters in 2012 and have finished the construction of 8,572 square meters of staff dormitories and22,292 square meters as workshop buildings and offices. We started to use the dormitory and factory in year 2015 and moved into the offices at the beginning of2016. Due to the local government’s need for additional time to conclude negotiations with local residents over appropriate resettlement terms, the construction ofthe adjacent facility on the third parcel of land has been delayed. We believe we will be in a better position to schedule our construction plan once we acquire theland use right of the third parcel of land. Once the government settles with the local residents, the phase 3 and 4 can be continued. Once completed, our totalproduction capacity of the facility is expected to increase to 20 million pieces per year from the current capacity of 2 million pieces per year. We do not necessarilyrely on our own production facility to satisfy the demand of our products as we may outsource some or all of the production work to various ODM and OEMmanufacturers in China.44Table of ContentsA.Principal Factors Affecting Financial PerformanceOur operating results are primarily affected by the following factors:●Growth of China’s menswear industry. With approximately onefifth of the world’s population and a fastgrowing gross domestic product, Chinarepresents a significant growth opportunity for a wide variety of retail goods, including apparel. The enhanced living standards and increased disposableincome that has resulted from the vibrant economic growth has driven the rapid development of the men’s apparel market in China in recent years. China iscurrently one of the world’s largest men’s apparel markets. As a leading provider of casual menswear in China, we believe we are well positioned tocapitalize on the favorable economic, demographic and industry trends in this sector.●Brand recognition. We derive all of our revenues from sales of the KBS branded products in China, and our success depends on the market perceptionand acceptance of the KBS brand and the culture, lifestyle and images associated with this brand. Market acceptance of our brand may affect the sellingprices and market demand for our products, the profit margin of us can achieve, and our ability to grow.●Ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network. The ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in terms of floor area in our salesnetwork affects our results of operations in a given period. The franchised stores operated by our distributors have been and will continue to be the maincontributor to our revenue for the foreseeable future. Under the distribution business model, we sell directly to our distributors and recognize revenuesupon delivery of our products to them. Such distribution network has enabled us to accelerate sales growth at a much lower cost than opening direct storesand has limited our inventory and sales risks. Corporate stores operated by us, on the other hand, despite incurring more significant capital expenditures ascompared with franchised stores, allow us more control over our brand and the consumer’s shopping experience, which are important factors for the overallsuccess of our business. In addition, our corporate store sales generally have a higher gross profit margin than sales to distributors because we are able tosell the products at retail prices directly to the endconsumers and because we recognize expenses relating to our corporate stores as selling anddistribution expenses. Therefore, the ratio of franchised stores to corporate stores in our sales network will affect our gross profit margin.●Product offering and pricing. Our success depends on our ability to identify, originate and define menswear trends as well as to anticipate, gauge andreact to changing consumer demands for menswear in a timely manner. Most of our products are subject to changing consumer preferences and fashiontrends that cannot be predicted with certainty. Our new products may not receive consumer acceptance as consumer preferences could shift rapidly, andour future success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes.●Fluctuations in raw material supply and prices. The per unit cost of producing our products depends on the supply and price of raw materials,particularly fabrics such as cotton, wool and polyester, which have experienced volatility in past years. Increases in the price of raw materials wouldnegatively impact our gross margins if we are not able to offset such price increases through increases in our selling price or changes in product offeringsand mix.Financial Statement PresentationRevenue. During the periods covered by this section, we generated revenue from sales of our menswear products.45Table of ContentsCost of sales. During the periods covered by this section, our cost of sales primarily consisted of the costs of our outsourcing cost, raw materials, labor andoverhead. We did not have any inward or outward freight charges as these charges are borne by our distributors and suppliers.Gross profit and gross margin. For the periods covered by this section, our gross profit is equal to the difference between our net sales and cost of sales. Our grossmargin is equal to the gross profit divided by net sales. Our gross margin may not be comparable to those of other retail entities since some retail entities include allof their distribution network costs in cost of sales and others, like us, include these expenses in another statement of operations line item.Administrative expenses. For the periods covered by this section, general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to ourgeneral management, finance and administrative staff, professional advisor fees, audit fees and other expenses incurred in connection with general operations.Selling expenses. For the periods covered by this section, our selling and marketing expenses consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to our sales andmarketing staff, store rent, business travel, coordination with distributor marketing and promotions, transportation costs and other sales related costs.Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, both in U.S. dollars and as apercentage of or revenue.Year endedDecember 31, 2018Year ended December 31, 2017Year ended December 31, 2016Amount% of SalesAmount% of SalesAmount% of SalesRevenue18,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales20,851,252112%35,274,352148%39,041,93295%Gross (loss)/profit2,316,13712%11,511,81648%2,158,2725%Operating expensesDistribution and selling expenses2,670,95514%3,265,38014%3,606,0109%Administrative expenses4,907,02026%4,879,39721%3,543,9939%Total operating expenses7,577,97541%8,144,77634%7,150,00317%Other income122,1391%461,5642%555,0511%Other gains and losses13,522,30073%122,2441%11,123,76727%Loss from operations23,294,273126%19,317,27281%15,560,44738%Finance costs96,4441%96,3850%71,7830%Change in fair value of warrant liabilities00%00%3,4090%Loss before tax23,390,717126%19,413,65782%15,628,82138%Income tax5,422,11929%4,598,06119%3,726,1339%Loss for the year17,968,59897%14,815,59662%11,902,68829%46Table of ContentsA breakdown of revenue, percentage of revenue and percentage of gross margin by segment for the respective periods is as follows:BybusinessDistribution networkCorporate storesOEMConsolidatedYear endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Year endedDecember 31,2018Year endedDecember 31,2017Year endedDecember 31,2016Sales toexternalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205% of Sales73%63%78%13%29%13%14%7%9%100%100%100%Segmentsgrossmargins2,245,9442,277,8586,623,6175,402,99414,291,6805,727,349845,700502,0071,262,0052,316,13611,511,8162,158,273Grossmarginrate17%15%21%227%205%104%33%29%36%12%48%5%Segment salesFor the year ended December 31, 2018, total revenue decreased by 22% from $23.8 million in 2017 to $18.5 million. Our total revenue of 2017 decreased by 33% from$41.2 million to $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company reports financial and operating results in three segments: distributor network,corporate stores and OEM.Distributor Network —Revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2018 decreased by 10% from $15 million in 2017 to $13 million primarily due to adecrease in sales volume. There was a decrease of revenue from the Company’s distributor network in year 2017 by 53% from $32.1 million in year 2016 primarily dueto a decrease in sales volume. The distributor segment accounted for 73% of the total revenue in 2018, compared to 63% and 78% during years 2017 and 2016,respectively.In year 2018, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network increased to 17% from 15% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price of newproducts. The sales went down in year 2018 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstockduring previous periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.47Table of ContentsIn year 2017, gross profit margin for the company’s distributor network decreased to 15% from 21% for year 2017 as the company adjusted the selling price, and thesales went down in year 2017 because we suspended sales of new products to some distributors which failed to pay off debts to us due to overstock duringprevious periods. We also terminated some cooperation with some distributors due to their failure to pay off debts owed to us.The Company’s distributor network currently consists of 11 distributors in 12 provinces. Most of these distributors, either directly or through their subdistributors,operate KBSbranded stores. Some wholesale distributors sold the products to multibranded stores and online stores. As of December 31, 2018, distributorsoperated a total of 32 KBSbranded stores, primarily in second and third tier cities. KBS products distributed to the fourth and fifth tier cities are primarily sold inmultibranded department stores.Corporate Stores — Total revenue from corporate store sale for fiscal year 2018 was $2.37 million, compared to $6.98 million for year 2017. In 2018 sales fromcorporate store decreased as compared to 2017 due to a decrease in promotion sales of repurchased inventory from certain distributors which are unable to pay offthe debts owed to us.Total revenue from corporate store sales for fiscal year 2017 was $6.98 million, compared to $5.53 million for year 2016. In 2017 sales from corporate stores increasedas compared to 2016 due to an increase in sales volume, which in turn was mainly attributable to the increase in promotion sales on repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors which are unable to pay off the debts owed to us.As of December 31, 2018, we operated 1 corporate store which located in Fujian. Total revenue from corporate store sales of 2018 decreased as compared to 2017because of the decrease the promotion sales of repurchased inventory.The corporate store segment contributed 14% of total revenue in 2018, compared to 29% of 2017 and 13% of 2016. Gross profit margin for the Company’s corporatestore was 232% in 2018, compared to 205% in 2017 and 104% in 2016. The margin compression from 2016 to 2018 is primarily due to: 1) close of 1 corporate store in2016 and the sale of its inventory at a lower price; 2) reduction of sale price of our goods in corporate stores to stimulate sales; 3) loss from sales of repurchasedinventory from certain distributors which sold at big discounted price in year 2017 and year 2018.OEM — The OEM segment is comprised of products that are designed by the customers but manufactured by us. Revenue from the OEM segment increased by$0.83 million to $2.57 million for year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017. Gross profit margin increased to 33%from 29% of year 2017. Revenue from the OEM segment decreased by $1.79 million to $1.74 million for year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $3.53 million foryear ended December 31, 2016. Gross profit margin decreased to 29% from 36% of year 2016. Our revenues from sales of OEM represented 14%, 9% and 9%,respectively of our total revenues for years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.Cost of sales and gross profit rateCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for production purpose,outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges and water and electricity.Our cost of sales decreased from $35 million in year 2017 to $21 million in year 2018. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017.The gross profit rate increased from 48% in year 2017 to 12% in year 2018 due to 1) a decrease in the number of promotion sales in repurchased inventory fromcertain distributors compared to year 2017. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, whichcaused a loss at RMB 40 million; 2) the higher price of updated new products and improvement of products quality; 3) higher profit margin of OEM segments due tolower amortized fixed fees from big orders from certain customers. In order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continuedoperation, we decided to continue to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors in 2018 and thereafter.48Table of ContentsOur cost of sales decreased from $39 million in year 2016 to $35 million in year 2017. The decrease was consistent with the decrease in our revenue, which resulted ina decrease in purchases by $7 million. The decrease in purchases was mainly due to a challenging retail environment and close of some stores.The gross profit rate decreased from 5% in year 2016 to 48% in year 2017 due to 1) a decrease in the number of our franchised stores from 55 as of December 31,2016 to 40 as of December 31, 2017; 2) in order to make more fair and friendly business environment for our all distributors, we adjusted our price policy to havesame price to our district distributors and province distributors in 2017, the price sell to the district distributor is lower than before. 3) a slowdown in demand inmenswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and our distributors faceddifficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired excess inventory of RMB 141.42 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million. Although we are not contractually obligated to buy back the excessiveinventory from any our distributors, in order to keep longterm relationships with our distributors and support their continued operation, we decided to do same in2017 to buy back some excessive inventory from certain distributors and we may implement similar plans in the following years.Administrative expensesAdministrative expenses increased by $0.02 million or 1% to $4.9 million for year 2018 from $4.88 million for 2017. The change was mainly due to the decrease ofoutsourcing design expense and the increase of the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Administrative expenses increased by $1.34 million or 37% to $4.88 million for year 2017 from $3.54 million for 2016. The increase was mainly due to the increase indesign staff expenses and the increase attributable to the company’s sharebased compensation paid to officers and directors of the company.Distribution and selling expensesThe selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.59 million or 18% to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $ 3.2 million in 2017, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expense, products promotion expenses and entertainment expenses.The selling and distribution expenses decreased by $0.34 million or 9.45% to $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $ 3.6 million in 2016, primarily dueto the decrease of advertisement expenses and promotion expense of products including placement order meeting expense.The advertisement expenses of 2018, 2017 and 2016 are relatively even and selling expenses accounted for 6.6%, 7.5% and 9% for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Other gains and lossesOther gains and losses increased by $13.4 million, or 10,875%, to $13.52 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 from $0.12 million for year 2017. The increasewas mainly due to the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value.Other gains and losses decreased by $11 million, or 98.9%, to $0.12 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $11.1 million for year 2016. The decrease wasmainly due to the fact that there was no additional provision on bad debts from three clients as in 2016.Profit for the yearWe had a loss of $18 million in 2018 as compared to a loss of $14.81 million for 2017, representing a decrease of profit of $3 million or 21%. Net margin was 97% forthe year ended December 31, 2018, compared to 62% for the year ended December 31, 2017.49Table of ContentsWe had a loss of $14.81 million in 2017 as compared to a loss of $11.9 million for 2016, representing a decrease of profit of $2.91 million or 25%. Net margin was 62%for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 29% for the year ended December 31, 2016.Profit for the year decreased from 2018 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons:(1)the impairment on Anhui property due to the decrease of its fair value (2) thedistribution and selling expenses decreased to a small portion of total revenue and the revenue also decreased compared to year ended December 31, 2017; (3) aslowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brands, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling products and paying back the balance owed to us. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 55 million from certaindistributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 40 million.Profit for the year decreased from 2016 to 2017 mainly due to the following reasons: (1) the administrative expenses increased to a large portion of total revenue; and(2) slowdown in demand in menswear resulted from competition from online sales and other international brand, which led to an oversupply in recent years and ourdistributors faced difficulties in selling their products and paying back the balance owed to the company. We reacquired an excess inventory of RMB 141.42 millionfrom certain distributors and sold at its net realizable value, which caused a loss at RMB 98.52 million.B.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesAs of December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $21,026,103. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and cash in the banks. Webelieve that our current levels of cash and cash equivalent and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next12 months. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through net cash flow from operations. Our cash flows are driven by key performance indicatorsincluding the number of orders placed by distributors, number of outlets that each distributor operates the pricing of our products, sales of our corporate stores, andthe collect portion of account receivable. Currently there is only minimal cash held by offshore subsidiaries and there is no need for these subsidiaries to transfercash to Hongri PRC.The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this report:Fiscal Year Ended December 31201820172016Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(3,703,354)$1,922,252$3,194,287Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities52,932(865,365)45,445Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(3,907,291)(39,024)4,919,241Effects of exchange rate change in cash(1,117,062)1,513,138(1,556,980)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080Cash and cash equivalent at end of the period$21,026,103$26,050,456$24,576,34150Table of ContentsOperating ActivitiesThe net cash provided by operating activities consists of profit before tax, as adjusted by finance costs, change in fair value of warrant liabilities, interest income,shared based compensation, bad debt allowance, depreciation of property, plant and equipment, amortization of prepaid lease payment and trademark, amortizationof subsidies prepaid to distributors, amortization of prepayment and premiums under operating leases, provision(Reversal) of inventory obsolescence, provision ofimpairment loss in prepayments, loss(gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment, deferred income tax, which include trade and other receivables, prepaymentand deferred expenses, inventory, trade and other payables.Net cash used in operating activities in fiscal year 2018 was $3.7 million, compared with net cash provided by operating activities of $1.9 million in the year endedDecember 31, 2017. The change is mainly due to the increase of provision of Anhui property and the increase of deferred tax due to the loss of fiscal year 2018.Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.9 million, compared with $3.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2016. The change is mainlydue to the decrease in the amount of collection of account receivable.Investing ActivitiesNet cash provided by investing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.05 million, compared with $0.8 million net cash used in investing activities in 2017. The net cashprovided in investing activities in 2018 was interest received from our bank deposits.Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $0.8 million, compared with $0.04 million net cash provided by investing activities in 2016. The net cashused in investing activities in 2017 was to purchase fire protection facility.Financing ActivitiesNet cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2018 was $0.26 million, compared with $1.1 million net cash used in financing activities in 2017. It mainly consistedof repayment of bank loans in 2018.Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2017 was $1.1 million, compared with $1.68 million net cash provided by financing activities in 2016. It mainlyconsisted of interests paid for our bank loans.Loans, Other Commitments, ContingenciesAs of December 31, 2018, we had bank loans in an amount of $1,092,785. We may, however, in the future, require additional cash resources due to changing businessconditions, implementation of our strategy to expand our business or other investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our own financial resources areinsufficient to satisfy the capital requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain additional credit facilities. The sale of additionalequity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require usto agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overallbusiness prospects.C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.Our industry is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and changing customer demands. These conditions require continuousexpenditures on product research and development to enhance existing products create new products and avoid product obsolescence. See Item 3 “Key Information—D. Risk Factors—If we are unable to develop competitive new products and service offerings our future results of operations could be adversely affected,” —“Ifwe are unable to keep pace with the rapid technological changes in our industry, demand for our products and services could decline which would adversely affectour revenue,” and —“Our technology may become obsolete which could materially adversely affect our ability to sell our products and services.” For a detailedanalysis of research and development costs, see Item 5.A. “Operating Results—Results of Operations—Research and development expenses”.D.Trend InformationOther than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that wouldcause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.E.Off Balance Sheet ArrangementsWe do not have any off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes infinancial condition, sales or expenses, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures, or capital resources that are material to an investment in our securities.51Table of ContentsF.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual ObligationsThe table below shows our material contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018.Payments Due by PeriodLess than1 year13 years35 yearsMore than5 yearsContractual ObligationsConstruction Obligations$64,088,236Operating Lease Obligations$78,532146,7052,225,030Total$64,166,768146,7052,225,030Anhui Factory Construction ContractOn November 20, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party for the construction of a new plant with a total size of 110,557 square meters, atTaihu City, Anhui at a consideration of RMB 690 million (equivalent to approximately $104 million). This is the frame contract for the construction of Anhui factoryand round estimation. By December 31, 2016 we had already paid about $37.75 million in total on the phase 1, 2, 3 of construction based on detailed phase contractand the balance of construction cost of the Anui factory need to be determined based on the ontime budget on every phase. The majority of funds for constructionexpenses came from the cash balance on the account as of December 31, 2018 and the new profit of following year.Anhui Land Use Right Acquisition ContractOn September 2, 2010, Hongri PRC entered into an agreement with a third party to acquire a land use right in relation to the development of factories in Taihu City,Anhui Province, at a total consideration of RMB 43 million (approximately $6.3 million). Full consideration was paid in September 2010. There are three parts of theland. The Company has obtained land use rights certificates for the first parcel of land with 7,405 square meters on March 19, 2012, and the second parcel of landwith 2,440 square meters on May 26, 2012. The Company is currently in the process of obtaining the land use right certificate for the third parcel of the land with100,712 square meters.Except as set forth above, we have no other material longterm debt, capital or operating lease or fixed purchase obligations.InflationInflation and changing prices have not had a material effect on our business, and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect ourbusiness in the foreseeable future. However, our management will closely monitor price changes in the Chinese economy and the apparel industry and continuallymaintain effective cost controls in operations.52Table of ContentsSeasonalityOur business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal. Historically, we have realized more of our revenue and earnings in the fourth quarter, which includes themajority of the holiday shopping season, than in any other fiscal quarter.Critical Accounting PoliciesThe preparation of financial statements is in conformity with IFRS as issued by the IASB. It requires the Company’s management to make assumptions, estimatesand judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. The Company hasidentified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of Company’s financial statements. These accounting policies are important for anunderstanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of theCompany’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to makeestimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitivebecause of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly frommanagement’s current judgments. The Company believes the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in thepreparation of the Company’s financial statements.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects the considerationto which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled in exchange fortransferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that asignificant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration issubsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to the customerfor more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would be reflected in a separatefinancing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financing component which provides theCompany a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interest expense accreted on the contract liabilityunder the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services is oneyear or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component, using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of the goods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receiptsover the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.53Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with thedividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. Revenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer. Revenue from allabove categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of thetransaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered and title has passed.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting the deductible inputVAT of the period, is VAT payable.54Table of ContentsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial periodof time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use orsale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal government retirementbenefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fund their retirementbenefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal government takes responsibility for theretirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly, the only obligation of the Groupwith respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employment with the Group. There are no provisionsunder the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans are considered defined contribution plans. The Grouphas no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixed contributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pensionschemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service is performed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised inother comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Groupoperates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable taxregulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred taxassets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which thosedeductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or fromthe initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accountingprofit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able to control thereversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising fromdeductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profitsagainst which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.55Table of ContentsThe carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficienttaxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based ontax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assetsreflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carryingamount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when thedeferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities wherethere is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, inwhich case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arisesfrom the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.Store preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll and supplies.The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenses when occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases areclassified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes. Leaseholdimprovements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes other thanconstruction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful lives and aftertaking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction in progressis carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment whencompleted and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for theirintended use.56Table of ContentsAn item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of theasset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) isincluded in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.The Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights to use theland on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizable valuerepresents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fair valuethrough profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model formanaging them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the practicalexpedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus in the case of a financialasset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group hasapplied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance with the policies set out for “Revenue recognition(applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cash flowsthat are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established by regulation orconvention in the marketplace.57Subsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses are recognised inthe income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversals arerecognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair value changes arerecognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive income is recycled to theincome statement.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under HKAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. The classification isdetermined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statement when theright of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and the amount of the dividendcan be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains arerecorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income are not subject to impairmentassessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value throughprofit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for thepurpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading unless they aredesignated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interest are classified and measured atfair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to be classified at amortised cost or at fairvalue through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition ifdoing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.58Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in theincome statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separate derivative if theeconomic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet thedefinition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changesin fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cashflows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between thecontractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the originaleffective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to thecontractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are providedfor credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been asignificant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespectiveof the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. When making theassessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on thefinancial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort,including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider afinancial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full beforetaking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering thecontractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the general approach andthey are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach as detailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured at anamount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets and for whichthe loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the loss allowance ismeasured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs59Simplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of asignificant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not track changes incredit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on itshistorical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt the simplifiedapproach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed from theGroup’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to what extent, ithas retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset nortransferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Groupalso recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that theGroup has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and the maximumamount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’sfinancial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.Subsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method unless theeffect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement when the liabilities arederecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.60Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantiallymodified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference between therespective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right tooffset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to the contractualprovisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financialassets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.The Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. Theeffective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of theeffective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, where appropriate, a shorter period tothe net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.61Table of ContentsReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including trade and otherreceivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment (seeaccounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a resultof one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have been affected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequently assessed forimpairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience of collecting payments,and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national or local economic conditions thatcorrelate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between the asset’scarrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.The carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables, where thecarrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized in profit or loss. When atrade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off arecredited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment losseswas recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset at the date theimpairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.G.Safe HarborSee “Introductory Notes—ForwardLooking Information.”62Table of ContentsITEM 6.DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEESA.Directors and Senior ManagementThe following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors and senior management, as well as employees upon whose work we are dependent, as ofthe date of this annual report.NAMEAGEPOSITIONKeyan Yan47Chairman and Chief Executive OfficerThemis Kalapotharakos44Executive DirectorLixiaTu37Chief Financial Officer and DirectorJohn Sano49Independent DirectorMatthew C. Los54Independent DirectorZhongmin Zhang76Independent DirectorYuet Mei Chan38Independent DirectorMr. Keyan Yan. Mr. Yan has been the Chairman of our board of directors and Chief Executive Officer since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr.Yan has over 16 years of senior management experience. He served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of KBS International between March 2011 and August2014. From 1994 to present, Mr. Yan has served as general manager of Hongri PRC. Prior to joining us, Mr. Yan served as workshop manager, production managerand marketing manager of Zhenshi Knitting Factory in Shishi, China from 19891994. Mr. Yan obtained a certificate of corporate management from Xiamen Universityin 1992.Ms. Lixia Tu. Ms. Tu became the Company’s Chief Financial Officer on June 25, 2015. Ms. Tu has more than night years of accounting and audit experience, familiarwith IFRS, US GAAP, SarbanesOxley and the compliance requirements of SEC. After she worked as a project manager at BDO China Fu Jian SHU LUN PANCertified Public Accountants for four years, she worked as a CFO or a financial consultant for some other companies. Ms. Tu holds a Master’s degree inprofessional accounting from the University of Deakin in Australia. Ms. Tu is also a member of the Chartered Association of Certified Accountants.Mr. Themis Kalapotharakos. Mr. Kalapotharakos became our executive director on June 15, 2015. Mr. Kalapotharakos has acquired a range of expertise of a widespectrum of business activities. He has extensive highlevel experience at the Shipping, Trading and Finance industries where he has founded, developed andoperated various businesses starting from the ground up. His roles involved regular communication and coordination with investors, financial institutions, capitalmarket authorities, custodian and administrative banks, auditors and legal counsel. He holds a Bachelor’s degree from Cardiff University and an MSc Degree fromCass Business School in the UK.John Sano. Mr. Sano has been an independent director of the Company since the closing of the Share Exchange on August 1, 2014. Mr. Sano has over 20 years ofexperience in apparel & home furnishings concept, design, sourcing, production, and ecommerce. He has extensive experience in all aspects of the retail clothingsupply chain, from conceptualization to final production and distribution. Mr. Sano has also advised and worked closely with numerous top brands in the US. Hehas been General Director of Sano Design Services since 2002. Mr. Sano has an associate’s degree in interior design from Traphagen School of Design.Mr. Matthew C. Los. Mr. Los became our director on October 8, 2015. Mr. Los has acquired a range of expertise of a wide spectrum of business activities. He hasover 20 years’ experience at high level management, and has founded, developed and operated various businesses in the shipping, energy, telecommunications realestate industries starting from the ground up. He also has experience in the capital markets and was the CEO of Aquasition Corp., the predecessor of the Company,prior to the Share Exchange. Mr. Los has a BSc in Mechanical Engineering and Computer Aided Design from University of Westminster in the UK.Mr. Zhongmin Zhang. Mr. Zhang became our director on July 10, 2017. He has over 45 years of extensive experience in many facets of textile business, including inproduction, marketing, and management. Currently, Mr. Zhang is the president of Zhengzhou Guangda Textile Printing & Dyeing Co., Ltd. which has an annualproduction of 216 million meters of various textile products, with a value of RMB 800 million. Holding a title of Senior Engineer, Mr. Zhang graduated from HarbinInstitute of Technology in 1965. He also has certificates in finance management and civil law.Mr. Yuet Mei Chan. Ms. Chan became our director on July 10, 2017. She has over 15 years of experience in the banking industry. She held several senior positions ina prestigious bank in Hong Kong from 20012016. She is currently a financial consultant at AIA and specializes in analyzing financial situations and market trends.Ms. Chan holds a diploma in Computing and Business Studies from Hong Kong St. Perth College.No family relationship exists between any of the persons named above.63Table of ContentsB.CompensationIn 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately $207,268 in cash as compensation to our directors and senior management as a group, and some of our directors andexecutive officers also received compensation in the form of annual salaries and bonuses. We do not set aside or accrue any amounts for pension, retirement orother benefits for our directors and senior management. However, we reimburse our directors for outofpocket expenses incurred in connection with their services insuch capacity.On February 10, 2018, we granted an aggregate of 285,000 restricted shares of common stock to our executive officers and directors as compensations for theirservices. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.On March 25, 2019, we granted an aggregate of 305,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to the Company’s executiveofficers, directors and certain employees as compensations for their service. All the shares vested immediately upon granting.2018 Equity Incentive PlanOn December 24, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2018 Plan, pursuant to which the Company may offerup to two million shares of common stock as equity incentives to its directors, employees and consultants. Such number of shares is subject to adjustment in theevent of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, stock splits, stock dividends, or other change in the corporate structure of the Companyaffecting the shares issuable under the 2018 Plan. As of December 31, 2018, we have not granted any equity awards under the 2018 Plan.The following paragraphs summarize the terms of our 2018 Plan:Purpose. The purposes of the 2018 Plan are to promote the longterm growth and profitability of the Company and its affiliates by stimulating the efforts ofemployees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates who are selected to be participants, aligning the longterm interests of participants with thoseof shareholders, heightening the desire of participants to continue in working toward and contributing to our success, attracting and retaining the best availablepersonnel for positions of substantial responsibility, and generally providing additional incentive for them to promote the success of our business through the grantof awards of or pertaining to our common stock. The 2018 Plan permits the grant of ISOs, NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share AppreciationRights, Performance Units and Performance Shares as the administrator of the 2018 Plan may determine.Administration. The 2018 Plan is administered by our Board. The administrator has the authority to determine the specific terms and conditions of all awards grantedunder the 2018 Plan, including, without limitation, the number of shares of common stock subject to each award, the price to be paid for the shares and the applicablevesting criteria. The administrator has discretion to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2018 Plan.Eligibility. NSOs, Restricted Shares, Restricted Share Units, Share Appreciation Rights, Performance Units and Performance Shares may be granted to employees,directors or consultants either alone or in combination with any other awards. ISOs may be granted only to employees of the Company, and of any parent orsubsidiary.Shares Available for Issuance Under the 2018 Plan. Subject to adjustment as described below, (a) the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issuedunder the 2018 Plan is 2,000,000 shares of common stock, (b) to the extent consistent with Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the“Code”), not more than an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of common stock may be issued under ISOs, and (c) not more than 200,000 shares of common stock (or forawards denominated in cash, the Fair Market Value of 200,000 shares of common stock on the Grant Date, as defined in the 2018 Plan), may be awarded to anyindividual participant in the aggregate in any one fiscal year of the Company, such limitation to be applied in a manner consistent with the requirements of, and onlyto the extent required for compliance with, the exclusion from the limitation on deductibility of compensation under Code Section 162(m). The number and class ofshares available under the 2018 Plan are subject to adjustment in the event of certain reorganizations, mergers, combinations, recapitalizations, share splits, sharedividends, or other similar events which change the number or kind of shares outstanding.64Table of ContentsTransferability. Unless otherwise provided in the 2018 Plan or otherwise determined by the administrator, an award may not be sold, pledged, assigned,hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution and may be exercised, during the lifetime of theparticipant, only by the participant. However, the administrator may, at or after the grant of an award other than an ISO, provide that such award may be transferredby the recipient to a “family member” (as defined in the 2018 Plan); provided, however, that any such transfer is without payment of any consideration whatsoeverand that no transfer shall be valid unless first approved by the administrator, acting in its sole discretion, and as required by our Amended and Restated Articles ofIncorporation. If the administrator makes an award transferable, such award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the administrator deemsappropriate.Termination of, or Amendments to, the 2018 Plan. The Board may at any time amend, alter, suspend or terminate the 2018 Plan, provided that the Company willobtain shareholder approval of any 2018 Plan amendment to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with applicable Laws. No amendment, alteration,suspension or termination of the 2018 Plan will impair the rights of any participant, unless mutually agreed otherwise between the participant and the administrator,which agreement must be in writing and signed by the participant and the Company. Termination of the 2018 Plan will not affect the administrator’s ability to exercisethe powers granted to it hereunder with respect to awards granted prior to the date of such termination.The 2018 Plan will terminate five years following the date it was adopted by the Board, unless sooner terminated by the Board.Employment AgreementsPlease refer to Item 10 “Additional Information—C. Material Contracts.”C.Board PracticesOur board of directors currently consists of seven members, Keyan Yan, Lixia Tu, John Sano, Themis Kalapotharakos, Matthew C. Los, Yuet Mei Chan andZhongmin Zhang.The Board has established the Audit Committee, which is comprised entirely of independent directors. From time to time, the Board may establish other committees.Audit CommitteeOur Audit Committee is currently composed of three members: Yuet Mei Chan, John Sano and Matthew C. Los. Our Board of Directors determined that each memberof the Audit Committee meets the independence criteria prescribed by applicable regulation and the rules of the SEC for audit committee membership. Each AuditCommittee member also meets NASDAQ’s financial literacy requirements. Matthew C. Los serves as Chair of the Audit Committee.Our Board of Directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is the “audit committee financial expert” as such term is defined in Item 407(d) of Regulation SKpromulgated by the SEC and also meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements.The Audit Committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our Company. The Audit Committee isresponsible for, among other things:●the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the independent auditor;●reviewing and preapproving all auditing services and permissible nonaudit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed by theindependent auditor;●reviewing and approving all proposed relatedparty transactions;●discussing the interim and annual financial statements with management and our independent auditors;●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor (a) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls, (b) theCompany’s internal audit procedures, and (c) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, and managementreports thereon;65Table of Contents●reviewing reported violations of the Company’s code of conduct and business ethics; and●reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor various topics and events that may have significant financial impact on theCompany or that are the subject of discussions between management and the independent auditors.D.EmployeesAs of December 31, 2018, we employed 370 fulltime employees. The following table sets forth the number of our fulltime employees by function. FunctionNumber ofEmployeesManagement and Administration28Marketing, Sales and Distribution18Design and Product Development20Production281Procurement, Warehousing and Logistics19Quality and Assurance7TOTAL370We believe that we have maintained a satisfactory working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any significant labor disputes or anydifficulty in recruiting staff for company’s operations. None of company’s employees is represented by a labor union.Our employees in China participate in a state pension plan organized by Chinese municipal and provincial governments. The company is required to make monthlycontributions to the plan for each employee at the rate of 23% of his or her average assessable salary. In addition, the company is required by Chinese law to coveremployees in China with various types of social insurance. The company believes that it is in material compliance with the relevant PRC laws.E.Share OwnershipThe following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of each class of our voting securities as of April 26, 2019 (i) by each person who is knownby us to beneficially own more than 5% of our voting securities; (ii) by each of our officers and directors; and (iii) by all of our officers and directors as a group.NameOffice, If AnyTitle of ClassAmount andNature ofBeneficialOwnership(1)Percent ofClass(2)Officers and DirectorsKeyan Yan(3)Chairman, CEO and PresidentCommon Stock964,32037.21%Lixia TuChief Financial Officer and DirectorCommon Stock60,0002.32%Themis KalapotharakosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%John SanoDirectorCommon Stock5,0000.19%Matthew C. LosDirectorCommon Stock40,0001.54%Zhongmin ZhangDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%Yuet Mei ChanDirectorCommon Stock10,0000.39%All officers and directors as a group (7 personsnamed above)1,129,32043.58%5% Security HoldersKeyan Yan (3)Common Stock964,32037.21%Alliance Investment Management Limited(4)Common Stock195,488(4)7.54%*Less than 1%(1)Beneficial Ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Eachof the beneficial owners listed above has direct ownership of and sole voting power and investment power with respect to our common stock.66Table of Contents(2)As of April 26, 2019, a total of 2,591,299 shares of commons stock are considered to be outstanding pursuant to SEC Rule 13d3(d)(1). For each Beneficial Ownerabove, any securities that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days have been included in the denominator.(3)Includes 20,000 shares of common stock owned by Bizhen Chen, Mr. Yan’s wife.(4)Based solely on Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on August 8, 2018, in which Alliance Investment Management reported it has sole voting and dispositivepower with respect to 195,488 shares of our common stock. The address of the reporting person is 7 Belmont Road, Kingston, Jamaica.None of our existing shareholders has voting rights that differ from the voting rights of other shareholders. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at asubsequent date, result in our change in control.ITEM 7.MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSA.Major ShareholdersPlease refer to Item 6 “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.”B.Related Party TransactionsFrom time to time, KBS and its subsidiaries borrowed money from our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Keyan Yan, to pay for Company expenses. Theseamounts are interestfree, unsecured and repayable on demand. In years 2017 and 2016, Mr. Yan paid all the Company expenses in connection with the Company’sNasdaq continued listing and SEC reporting out of his pocket. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of these amounts we borrowed from Mr. Yan was$485,302 and $35,483, respectively.C.Interests of Experts and CounselNot applicable.ITEM 8.FINANCIAL INFORMATIONA.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial InformationFinancial StatementsWe have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this report. See Item 18 “Financial Statements.”Legal Proceedings We may be subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our business from time to time. We are currently not party to anylegal or arbitration proceedings, including those relating to bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings and those involving any third party, which may have, orhave had in the recent past, significant effects on our financial position or profitability.Dividend PolicyTo date, we have not paid any cash dividends on our shares. As a Marshall Islands company, we may only declare and pay dividends except when the corporationis insolvent or would thereby be made insolvent or when the declaration or payment would be contrary to any restrictions contained in our Articles ofIncorporation. Dividends may be declared and paid out of surplus only; but in case there is no surplus, dividends may be declared or paid out of the net profits forthe fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and for the preceding fiscal year. We currently anticipate that we will retain any available funds to finance thegrowth and operation of our business and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our cash held in foreign countriesmay be subject to certain control limitations or repatriation requirements, limiting our ability to use this cash to pay dividends.67Table of ContentsB.Significant ChangesNo significant change has occurred since the date of our consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTINGA.Offer and Listing DetailsOur common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market and trade under the symbol “KBSF.” Between January 23, 2013 and November 3, 2014, our commonstock was traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “AQU.” Our Warrants and Units are quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “KBSFW”and “KBSFU”, respectively. Prior to November 3, 2014, our Warrants and Units were quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbols “AQUUF” and “AQUUU”,respectively. Before their quotation on the OTC Markets, our Units commenced to trade on the Nasdaq Stock Market on October 26, 2012 and our Warrantscommenced to trade separately from its Units on January 23, 2013.On February 3, 2017, a special shareholder meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in China and at the meeting, our shareholders approved a proposal togrant discretionary authority to the Board of Directors of the Company to effect a reverse stock split of issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratiowithin the range from onefortwo up to onefortwenty; and determine whether to pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of common stock as of the timewhen those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or to entitle shareholders to receive, in lieu of any fractional share, the number of shares of commonstock rounded up to the next whole number. On February 3, 2017, after the special shareholder meeting, our Board of Directors approved a oneforfifteen reversestock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. In addition, in lieu of issuing any fractional share, the Board of Directors decided thatshareholders are entitled to receive the number of shares of common stock rounded up to the next whole number. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQStock Market on a splitadjusted basis when the market opened on February 9, 2017.Approximate Number of Holders of Our SecuritiesOn April 26, 2019, there was 1 holder of record of our Units, 359 shareholders of record of our common stock and 1 holder of record of our Warrants. Certain of oursecurities are held in nominee or street name so the actual number of beneficial owners of our securities is greater than the number of record holders set forth above.B.Plan of DistributionNot applicable.C.MarketsSee our disclosures above under “A. Offer and Listing Details.”D.Selling ShareholdersNot applicable. E.DilutionNot applicable.F.Expenses of the IssueNot applicable.68Table of ContentsITEM 10.ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONA.Share CapitalOur Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation authorize the Company to issue up to 155,000,000 shares with a par value of $0.0001, consisting of 150,000,000shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of date of this report, there are 2,591,299 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Wehave never issued any preferred stock.●As of date of this report, we have 717 IPO Units outstanding.●As of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding (including 369,302 IPO Warrants and 24,534 Placement Warrants), each warrant entitles theholder to purchase one share of common stock at a purchase price of $172.5.B.Memorandum and Articles of AssociationThe following represents a summary of certain key provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. The summary does not purport to be a summary of allof the provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws. For more complete information you should read our amended and restated articles ofincorporation and bylaws, each listed as an exhibit to this report.We were incorporated in the Marshall Islands on January 26, 2012 under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (“BCA”). The purpose of the Company isto engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may now or hereafter be organized under the BCA. Our amended and restated articles of incorporationand bylaws do not impose any limitations on the ownership rights of our stockholders.Description of Common StockEach outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Upon our dissolution, liquidation orwinding up of the affairs of the Company, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidationpreferences, if any, the holders or our common stock will be entitled to receive pro rata our remaining assets available for distribution. Holders of common stock donot have conversion, redemption or preemptive rights to subscribe to any of our securities.Blank Check Preferred Stock.Our Board of Directors is authorized, without any further vote or action by our stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in different classesand series and, with respect to each class or series, to determine the designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights,conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the powers and rights associated with the common stock,at such times and on such other terms as they think proper. Our Board of Directors may issue shares of preferred stock on terms calculated to discourage, delay orprevent a change of control of our company or the removal of our management.WarrantsAs of date of this report, we have 393,836 warrants outstanding, among which 369,302 warrants were issued to the public in our IPO (the “IPO Warrants”). Each ofthe IPO Warrants entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.5 expiring on July 31, 2019, provided that there is an effectiveregistration statement covering the shares of common stock underlying the IPO Warrants.69Table of ContentsThe Company may redeem the IPO Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon 30 days’ notice, after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, only inthe event that the last sale price of the shares of common stock is at least $17.50 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30trading day period (“30Day TradingPeriod”) ending three business days prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is a current registration statement in effect with respectto the shares of common stock underlying such IPO Warrants throughout the 30day redemption period. The Company is only required to use its best efforts tomaintain the effectiveness of the registration statement covering the underlying common stock of the IPO Warrants. There are no contractual penalties for failure todeliver securities if a registration statement is not effective at the time of exercise. Additionally, in the event that a registration statement is not effective at the time ofexercise, the holder of such warrant shall not be entitled to exercise such warrant for cash and in no event (whether in the case of a registration statement not beingeffective or otherwise) will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrant exercise.In addition, Aqua Investments Corp., an entity controlled by certain founding shareholders of the Company, acquired 24,534 warrants, each entitles the holder topurchase one share of common stock at a price of $172.50, expiring on July 31, 2019 (the “Placement Warrants”). The Placement Warrants are identical to the IPOWarrants except that the Placement Warrants (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis; (ii) will not be redeemable by the Company and (ii) may beexercised even if there is not an effective registration statement relating to the shares underlying the warrants, so long as they are held by the initial purchaser orany of its permitted transferees.As of date of this report, we also have 717 IPO Units outstanding and publicly trading, each including one IPO Warrant and one share of our common stock.DirectorsThe business and affairs of the Company are managed by or under the direction of our Board of Directors.Our directors are elected by the holders of the shares representing a majority of the total voting power of the thenoutstanding capital stock of the Company entitledto vote generally in the election of directors (“Voting Stock”). Our amended and restated articles of incorporation provide that cumulative voting shall not be used toelect directors. Each director will be elected to serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his/her successor shall have been duly elected andqualified, except in the event of his/her death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of his/her term of office.Any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of thetotal voting power of the Voting Stock entitled to vote thereon or with cause by directors constituting at least twothirds of the entire Board.Vacancies in the Board of Directors occurring by death, resignation, the creation of new directorships, the failure of the shareholders to elect the whole board at anyannual election of directors, or, except as herein provided, for any other reason, including removal of directors for cause, may be filled either by the affirmative voteof a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, at any special meeting called for that purpose or at any regular meeting of theBoard. Vacancies occurring by removal of directors without cause may be filled only by vote of the shareholders.Shareholder MeetingsAnnual stockholder meetings will be held at a time and place selected by our board of directors. The meetings may be held in or outside of the Marshall Islands.Under our amended and restated articles of incorporation, special meetings may be called by the board of directors, or by the secretary of the Company requestedby stockholders representing certain amount of voting power. Our board of directors shall give not less than 15 days and not more than 60 days prior written noticeof a shareholders’ meeting to each shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat and to each shareholder of record who, by reason of any action proposed at suchmeeting would be entitled to have his/her shares appraised if such action were taken, and the notice shall include a statement of that purpose and to that effect.Our bylaws provide that a meeting of shareholders is duly constituted if, at the commencement of the meeting, there are shareholders present in person or by proxyrepresenting not less than a majority of the votes of the shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on resolutions of shareholders to be considered at themeeting.70Table of ContentsIf a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of stock represented at the meeting will be the act of the shareholders. At any meeting ofshareholders, each shareholder entitled to vote any shares on any manner to be voted upon at such meeting shall be entitled to one vote on such matter for eachsuch share. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the action so taken, issigned by all the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof.Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal and Payment.Under the BCA, our stockholders have the right to dissent from various corporate actions, including any merger or sale of all or substantially all of our assets notmade in the usual course of our business, and receive payment of the fair value of their shares. However, the right of a dissenting stockholder to receive payment ofthe fair value of his or her shares shall not be available for any shares of stock of the constituent corporation surviving a merger if the merger did not require for itsapproval the vote of the stockholders of the surviving corporation. In the event of any further amendment of our articles of incorporation, a stockholder also has theright to dissent and receive payment for his or her shares if the amendment alters certain rights in respect of those shares. The dissenting stockholder must followthe procedures set forth in the BCA to receive payment. In the event that we and any dissenting stockholder fail to agree on a price for the shares, the BCAprocedures involve, among other things, the institution of proceedings in the circuit court in the judicial circuit in the Marshall Islands in which our Marshall Islandsoffice is situated. The value of the shares of the dissenting stockholder is fixed by the court after reference, if the court so elects, to the recommendations of a courtappointed appraiser.Stockholders’ Derivative ActionsUnder the BCA, any of our stockholders may bring an action in our name to procure a judgment in our favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that thestockholder bringing the action is a holder of common stock both at the time the derivative action is commenced and at the time of the transaction to which theaction relates.Indemnification of Officers and DirectorsThe BCA authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors and officers to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages forbreaches of directors’ fiduciary duties. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation include a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors formonetary damages for actions taken as a director to the fullest extent permitted by law. We must indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorizedby law. We are also expressly authorized to advance certain expenses (including attorneys’ fees and disbursements and court costs) to our directors and offices andcarry directors’ and officers’ insurance providing indemnification for our directors, officers and certain employees for some liabilities.The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws may discourage stockholders frombringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigationagainst directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. In addition, your investment may beadversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.C.Material ContractsWe have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in Item 4 “Information on theCompany,” Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations,” Item 7 “Major Shareholders and RelatedParty Transactions,” or filed (or incorporated by reference) as exhibits to this annual report or otherwise described or referenced in this annual report.D.Exchange ControlsMarshall Islands Exchange ControlsUnder Marshall Islands law, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect theremittance of dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our shares.71Table of ContentsBVI Exchange ControlsThere are no material exchange controls restrictions on payment of dividends, interest or other payments to the holders of our common stock or on the conduct ofour operations in the BVI, where we were incorporated. There are no material BVI laws that impose any material exchange controls on us or that affect the paymentof dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our common stock. BVI law and our memorandum and articles of association do not impose anymaterial limitations on the right of nonresidents or foreign owners to hold or vote our common stock.PRC Exchange ControlsRegulations on Foreign Currency ExchangeUnder the PRC Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008 and various regulations issued bySAFE and other relevant PRC government authorities, payment of current account items in foreign currencies, such as trade and service payments, payment ofinterest and dividends can be made without prior approval from SAFE by following the appropriate procedural requirements. By contrast, the conversion of RMBinto foreign currencies and remittance of the converted foreign currency outside the PRC for the purpose of capital account items, such as direct equity investments,loans and repatriation of investment, requires prior approval from SAFE or its local office.On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency Management Policy on Direct Investment, effective fromJune 1, 2015, which cancels the requirement for obtaining approvals of foreign exchange registration of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investmentfrom SAFE. The application for the registration of foreign exchange for the purpose of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment may be filed withqualified banks, which, under the supervision of SAFE, may review the application and process the registration.The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming the Management Approach regarding the Settlement of Foreign Capital of Foreigninvested Enterprise, or SAFE Circular 19,was promulgated on March 30, 2015 and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to SAFE Circular 19, a foreigninvested enterprise may, according to its actualbusiness needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchange bureau has confirmedmonetary contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the accountcrediting of monetary contribution). For the time being, foreigninvested enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreigninvested enterprise shall truthfully use itscapital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreigninvested enterprise makes domestic equity investment with theamount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic reinvestment registration and open a corresponding Account forForeign Exchange Settlement Pending Payment with the foreign exchange bureau (bank) at the place of registration. The Circular of the SAFE on Reforming andRegulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or SAFE Circular 16, was promulgated and became effective on June 9,2016. According to SAFE Circular 16, enterprises registered in PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreign currency into Renminbi on selfdiscretionarybasis. SAFE Circular 16 provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items (including but not limited to foreigncurrency capital and foreign debts) on self—discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in the PRC. SAFE Circular 16 reiterates the principle thatRenminbi converted from foreign currencydenominated capital of a company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope andmay not be used for investments in securities or other investment with the exception of bank financial products that can guarantee the principal within the PRCunless otherwise specifically provided. Besides, the converted Renminbi shall not be used to make loans for related enterprises unless it is within the businessscope or to build or to purchase any real estate that is not for the enterprise own use with the exception for the real estate enterprise.On January 26, 2017, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Optimizing Genuineness and ComplianceVerification, or SAFE Circular 3, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profits from domestic entities tooffshore entities, including (i) banks must check whether the transaction is genuine by reviewing board resolutions regarding profit distribution, original copies oftax filing records and audited financial statements, and (ii) domestic entities must retain income to account for previous years’ losses before remitting any profits.Moreover, pursuant to SAFE Circular 3, domestic entities must explain in detail the sources of capital and how the capital will be used, and provide boardresolutions, contracts and other proof as a part of the registration procedure for outbound investment.72Table of ContentsRegulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Overseas Investment by PRC ResidentsSAFE issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special PurposeVehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, which became effective in July 2014, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Issues Concerning theRegulation of Foreign Exchange in Equity Finance and Roundtrip Investments by Domestic Residents through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles, to regulateforeign exchange matters in relation to the use of special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, by PRC residents or entities to seek offshore investment and financing orconduct round trip investment in China. SAFE Circular 37 defines a SPV as an offshore entity established or controlled, directly or indirectly, by PRC residents orentities for the purpose of seeking offshore financing or making offshore investment, using legitimate onshore or offshore assets or interests, while “round tripinvestment” is defined as direct investment in China by PRC residents or entities through SPVs, namely, establishing foreigninvested enterprises to obtain theownership, control rights and management rights. SAFE Circular 37 stipulates that, prior to making contributions into an SPV, PRC residents or entities be required tocomplete foreign exchange registration with SAFE or its local branch. In addition, SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving theAdministration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which amended SAFE Circular 37 and became effective on June 1, 2015,requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entityestablished for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.PRC residents or entities who had contributed legitimate onshore or offshore interests or assets to SPVs but had not obtained registration as required before theimplementation of the SAFE Circular 37 must register their ownership interests or control in the SPVs with qualified banks. An amendment to the registration isrequired if there is a material change with respect to the SPV registered, such as any change of basic information (including change of the PRC residents, name andoperation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, and mergers or divisions. Failure to comply with the registrationprocedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclose controllers of the foreigninvestedenterprise that is established through roundtrip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant foreigninvested enterprise, including payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to itsoffshore parent or affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject relevant PRC residents or entities to penalties under PRC foreignexchange administration regulations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companiesby PRC residents may subject our PRCresident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRCsubsidiary or limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.”Regulations on Stock Incentive PlansSAFE promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan ofOverseas Publicly Listed Company, or the Stock Incentive Plan Notice, in February 2012, replacing the previous rules issued by SAFE in March 2007. Pursuant tothe Stock Incentive Plan Notice and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residents participating in stock incentive plan in an overseas publiclylisted companyare required to register with SAFE or its local branches and follow certain other procedures. Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents mustconduct the SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the stock incentive plan through a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of theoverseas publicly listed company or another qualified institution appointed by the PRC subsidiary. In addition, the PRC agent is required to update the relevantSAFE registration should there be any material change to the stock incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must, on behalf of thePRC residents who have the right to exercise the employee stock options, apply to SAFE or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreigncurrencies in connection with the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee stock options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the saleof shares under the stock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRCopened by the PRC agents prior to distribution to such PRC residents.73Table of ContentsWe adopted an equity incentive plan in 2018, under which we have the discretion to award incentives and rewards to eligible participants. We have advised therecipients of awards under our equity incentive plan to handle relevant foreign exchange matters in accordance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice. However, wecannot guarantee that all employee awarded equitybased incentives can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the Stock Incentive Plan Notice.See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding employee share incentive plans may subjectthe PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”Regulations on Dividend DistributionDistribution of dividends of foreign investment enterprises are mainly governed by the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1986 and amended in 2000 and2016 respectively, and the Implementation Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law, issued in 1990 and amended in 2001 and 2014 respectively. Underthese regulations, foreign investment enterprises in the PRC may distribute dividends only out of their accumulative profits, if any, determined in accordance withPRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, no less than 10% of the accumulated profits of the foreign investment enterprises in the PRC are required tobe allocated to fund certain reserve funds each year unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is notpermitted to distribute any profits until any losses from previous fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed togetherwith distributable profits from the current fiscal year. Under our current corporate structure, our BVI holding company may rely on dividend payments from IST,which is a wholly foreignowned enterprise incorporated in China, to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Limitation on the ability of ourconsolidated VIEs to make remittance to IST and on the ability of IST to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations ofthose entities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Restrictions under PRC law on our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make dividends andother distributions could materially and adversely affect our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could benefit our business, pay dividends to you,and otherwise fund and conduct our business”E.TaxationThe following is a general summary of the material Marshall Islands, Hong Kong, BVI, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to an investmentin our units, shares of common stock and warrants to acquire our shares of common stock, sometimes referred to collectively in this summary as our “securities”.The discussion is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal or tax advice to any particular prospective purchaser. The discussion is based on lawsand relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change or different interpretations, possibly withretroactive effect. The discussion does not address United States state or local tax laws, or tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Marshall Islands, Hong Kong,the BVI, the PRC and the United States. We recommend that you consult your own tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquisition, ownership anddisposition of our securities.Marshall Islands TaxationThe following are the material Marshall Islands tax consequences of our activities to us and to our stockholders and warrant holders of investing in our CommonStock and warrants. Under current Marshall Islands law, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains, and no Marshall Islands withholding tax or income taxwill be imposed upon payments of dividends by us to our stockholders or proceeds from the disposition of our common stock and warrants, provided suchstockholders or warrant holders, as the case may be, are not residents in the Marshall Islands. There is no tax treaty between the United States and the Republic ofthe Marshall Islands.BVI TaxationThe BVI does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid to us by our BVI subsidiary, nor does the BVI levy any capital gains or income taxes on us or our BVIsubsidiary. However, our BVI subsidiary is required to pay the BVI government an annual license fee based on the number of shares it is authorized to issue.There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the BVI.74Table of ContentsHong Kong TaxationOur Hong Kong subsidiaries, under the current laws of Hong Kong, are subject to profits tax of 16.5%. No provision for Hong Kong profits tax has been made asour Hong Kong subsidiaries have no taxable income.PRC TaxationWe are a holding company incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which indirectly holds our equity interests in our PRC operating subsidiaries. The EIT Law and itsimplementation rules, both of which became effective as of January 1, 2008, provide that a PRC enterprise is subject to a standard income tax rate of 25% and Chinasourced income of foreign enterprises, such as dividends paid by a PRC subsidiary to its overseas parent, will normally be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of10%, unless there are applicable treaties between the overseas parent’s jurisdiction of incorporation and China to reduce such rate.Under the Arrangement between the Mainland and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention ofFiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, or the Double Taxation Arrangement, effective as of January 1, 2007, such dividend withholding tax rate is reducedto 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns over 25% of the PRC company distributing the dividends. Under the aforesaid arrangement, any dividends that ourPRC operating subsidiaries pay to their Hong Kong holding companies may be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 5% if they are not considered to be a PRC“resident enterprise” as described below. However, if the Hong Kong holdings companies are not considered to be the “beneficial owner” of such dividends underthe Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties promulgated by the State Administration of Taxation on October 27,2009 (and not a PRC “resident enterprise”), such dividends would be subject to the withholding tax rate of 10%. The withholding tax rate of 5% or 10% applicablewill have a significant impact on the amount of dividends to be received by us and ultimately by shareholders.According to the Notice Regarding Interpretation and Recognition of Beneficial Owners under Tax Treaties, the term “beneficial owner” refers to a person who hasthe right to own and dispose of the income and the rights or properties generated from the said income. The “beneficial owner” may be an individual, a company orany other organization which is usually engaged in substantial business operations. A conduit company is not a “beneficial owner.” The term “conduit company”refers to a company which is usually established for purposes of dodging or reducing taxes, and transferring or accumulating profits. Such a company is onlyregistered in the country of domicile to satisfy the organizational form as required by law, but it does not engage in such substantial business operations asmanufacturing, distribution and management. As our Hong Kong holding companies are controlling companies and are not engaged in substantial businessoperations, they could be considered as conduit companies by tax authorities and we do not expect them to be a beneficial owner.In addition to the changes to the current tax structure, under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto management bodies” withinChina is considered a resident enterprise and will normally be subject to an EIT of 25% on its global income. The implementing rules define the term “de factomanagement bodies” as “an establishment that exercises, in substance, overall management and control over the production, business, personnel, accounting, etc.,of a Chinese enterprise.”It remains unclear whether the PRC tax authorities would require or permit our overseas registered entities to be treated as PRC resident enterprises. We do notcurrently consider our company to be a PRC resident enterprise. However, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterpriseincome tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on ourworldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as interest on offering proceedsand nonChina source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Second, although under the EIT Law and its implementing rulesdividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as “taxexempt income,” we cannot guarantee that such dividends will not be subject to a 10%withholding tax, as the PRC foreign exchange control authorities, which enforce the withholding tax, have not yet issued guidance with respect to the processing ofoutbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Finally, it is possible that future guidance issuedwith respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation in which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to our nonPRC shareholders and with respect to gains derived by our nonPRC shareholders from transferring our shares.75Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income TaxationThe following is a discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our securities. It does notpurport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s situation. The discussion applies only toholders that hold their securities as capital assets (generally property held for investment) within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based on the Code, income tax regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial positions, published positions of theInternal Revenue Service, or the IRS, and other applicable authorities, all as in effect as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly withretroactive effect. This discussion is general in nature and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations, nor does the discussion address any state, local orforeign tax considerations or any U.S. tax considerations (e.g., estate or gift tax) other than U.S. federal income tax considerations, that may be applicable toparticular holders.This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant in light of particular circumstances, nor does it address the U.S.federal income tax consequences to persons who are subject to special rules under U.S. federal income tax law, including:●banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions;●persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;●taxexempt organizations;●controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid United States federal incometax;●certain former citizens or longterm residents of the United States;●dealers in securities or currencies;●traders in securities that elect to use a marktomarket method of accounting for their securities holdings;●persons that own, or are deemed to own, more than five percent of our capital stock;●holders who acquired our stock as compensation or pursuant to the exercise of a stock option; or●persons who hold our shares as a position in a hedging transaction, “straddle,” or other risk reduction transaction.For purposes of this discussion, a U.S. holder is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (ii) acorporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States (or treated assuch under applicable U.S. tax laws), any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardlessof its source; or (iv) a trust if (a) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have theauthority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) it has a valid election in effect under applicable law and regulations to be treated as a U.S. person forU.S. federal income tax purposes. A nonU.S. holder is a holder that is neither a U.S. holder nor a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S.federal income tax purposes.In the case of a partnership or entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally willdepend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal incometax consequences to them of the merger or of the ownership and disposition of our shares.As a result of consummation of the Share Exchange, (i) we acquired substantially all the properties of KBS International, a U.S. corporation, and (ii) the formershareholders of KBS International held at least 80 percent of our common stock by reason of having held stock of KBS International. Accordingly, under Section7874 of the Code, we are treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as a U.S. corporation and, among other consequences, are subject to U.S. federal income tax on ourworldwide income. This discussion assumes that Section 7874 of the Code continues to apply to treat us as a U.S. corporation for all purposes under the Code. If,for some reason (e.g., future repeal of Section 7874 of the Code), we were no longer treated as a U.S. corporation under the Code, the U.S. federal income taxconsequences described herein could be materially and adversely affected.76Table of ContentsU.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. HoldersDistributionsIn the event that distributions are paid on our common stock, the gross amount of such distributions will be included in the gross income of the U.S. holder asdividend income on the date of receipt to the extent that the distribution is paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federalincome tax principles. Such dividends will be eligible for the dividendsreceived deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.corporations. Dividends received by noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, may be subject to reduced rates of taxation under current law. A U.S. holdermay be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed on dividends paid by us. However, the foreign tax credit rules arecomplex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 of the Code and the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and theGovernment of the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, or theU.S.PRC Tax Treaty, is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may be entitled to underthe foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.To the extent that dividends paid on our common stock exceed current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distributions will be treated first as a taxfree returnof tax basis on our common stock, and to the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds tax basis, the excess will be treated as gain from the disposition ofthose common stock. Because Section 7874 of the Code has applied to treat us as a U.S. corporation only since consummation of the Share Exchange in 2014, wemay not be able to demonstrate to the IRS the extent to which a distribution on our common stock exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (asdetermined under U.S. federal income tax principles), in which case all of such distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.Sale or Other DispositionU.S. holders of our common stock will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of common stock equal to the differencebetween the amount realized for the common stock and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the common stock. This gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss. Undercurrent law, noncorporate U.S. holders, including individuals, are eligible for reduced tax rates if the common stock has been held for more than one year. Thedeductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. A U.S. holder may be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed ongain from the sale or other disposition of common stock. However, the foreign tax credit rules are complex, and their application in connection with Section 7874 ofthe Code and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty is not entirely clear at this time. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may beentitled to under the foreign tax credit rules and the U.S.PRC Tax Treaty.Unearned Income Medicare ContributionCertain U.S. holders who are individuals, trusts or estates are required to pay an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on, among other things, dividends on and capitalgains from the sale or other disposition of shares of stock. U.S. holders should consult their own advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this rule on their ownershipand disposition of our common stock.U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for NonU.S. HoldersDistributionsThe rules applicable to nonU.S. holders for determining the extent to which distributions on our common stock, if any, constitute dividends for U.S. federal incometax purposes are the same as for U.S. holders. See “–U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. Holders– Distributions.”77Table of ContentsAny dividends paid to a nonU.S. holder by us are treated as income derived from sources within the United States and generally will be subject to U.S. federalincome tax withholding at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends, or at a lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty if nonU.S. holdersprovide proper certification of eligibility for the lower rate (usually on IRS Form W8BEN or W8BENE). Dividends received by a nonU.S. holder that are effectivelyconnected with such holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business (and, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained bythe nonU.S. holder in the U.S.) are exempt from such withholding tax, provided that applicable certification requirements are satisfied. In such case, however, nonU.S. holders will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such dividends, net of certain deductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. In addition, corporatenonU.S. holders may be subject to an additional branch profits tax equal to 30% or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable tax treaty on dividendsreceived that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.If nonU.S. holders are eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, such nonU.S. holders may obtain a refund ofany excess amounts withheld by filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.Sale or Other DispositionExcept as described below for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, any gain realized by a nonU.S. holder upon the saleor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:or other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:●the gain is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States by such non U.S. holder, and, if an income tax treaty applies,is attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by such nonU.S. holder in the U.S.;●the nonU.S. holder is an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the disposition, and certain otherconditions are met; or●We are or have been a “U.S. real property holding corporation,” or USRPHC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes at any time during the shorter of the fiveyear period ending on the date of disposition or the period during which the holder has held our Common Stock.NonU.S. holders whose gain is described in the first bullet point above will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the gain derived from the sale, net of certaindeductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. Corporate nonU.S. holders whose gain is described in the first bullet point above may also be subject to thebranch profits tax described above at a 30% rate or lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty. Individual nonU.S. holders described in the second bulletpoint above will be subject to a flat 30% U.S. federal income tax rate on the gain derived from the sale, which may be offset by U.S.source capital losses, eventhough such nonU.S. holders are not considered to be residents of the United States.A corporation will be a USRPHC if the fair market value of its U.S. real property interests equals or exceeds 50 percent of the aggregate of its real property interests(U.S. and nonU.S.) and its assets used or held for use in a trade or business. Because we do not currently own significant U.S. real property, we believe that we arenot currently and will not become a USRPHC. However, because the determination of whether we are a USRPHC depends on the fair market value of our U.S. realproperty relative to the fair market value of our other business assets, there can be no assurance that we will not become a USRPHC in the future. Even if we becomea USRPHC, however, as long as our common stock are regularly traded on an established securities market, such common stock will be treated as U.S. real propertyinterests only if a nonU.S. holder actually or constructively holds more than 5% of such regularly traded common stock at any time during the applicable period thatis specified in the Code.Foreign Account Tax ComplianceThe Foreign Account Tax Compliance provisions of the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act (generally referred to as “FATCA”), when applicable, willimpose a U.S. federal withholding tax of 30% on payments of dividends on, and (for dispositions after December 31, 2018) gross proceeds from dispositions of, ourcommon stock that are held through “foreign financial institutions” (which is broadly defined for this purpose and in general includes investment vehicles) andcertain other nonU.S. entities unless various U.S. information reporting and due diligence requirements (generally relating to ownership by U.S. persons of certaininterests in or accounts with those entities) have been satisfied or an exemption applies. An intergovernmental agreement between the United States and anapplicable foreign country may modify these requirements. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the effect, if any, of the FATCA provisions ontheir particular circumstances.78Table of ContentsInformation Reporting and Backup WithholdingPayments of dividends or of proceeds on the disposition of stock made to a holder of our common stock may be subject to information reporting and backupwithholding at a current rate of 24% unless such holder provides a correct taxpayer identification number on IRS Form W9 (or other appropriate withholding form)or establishes an exemption from backup withholding, for example by properly certifying the holder’s nonU.S. status on a Form W8BEN, Form W8BENE oranother appropriate version of IRS Form W8. Payments of dividends to holders must generally be reported annually to the IRS, along with the name and address ofthe holder and the amount of tax withheld, if any. A similar report is sent to the holder. Pursuant to applicable income tax treaties or other agreements, the IRS maymake these reports available to tax authorities in the holder’s country of residence.Backup withholding is not an additional tax; rather, the U.S. income tax liability of persons subject to backup withholding will be reduced by the amount of taxwithheld. If withholding results in an overpayment of taxes, a refund or credit may generally be obtained from the IRS, provided that the required information isfurnished to the IRS in a timely manner.F.Dividends and Paying AgentsNot applicable.G.Statement by ExpertsNot applicable.H.Documents on DisplayWe have filed this annual report on Form 20F with the SEC under the Exchange Act. Statements made in this report as to the contents of any document referred toare not necessarily complete. With respect to each such document filed as an exhibit to this report, reference is made to the exhibit for a more complete description ofthe matter involved, and each such statement shall be deemed qualified in its entirety by such reference.We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act as a foreign private issuer and file reports and other information with the SEC. Reports andother information filed by us with the SEC, including this report, may be inspected and copied at the public reference room of the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E.,Washington D.C. 20549. You can also obtain copies of this report by mail from the Public Reference Section of the SEC, 100 F. Street, N.E., Washington D.C. 20549, atprescribed rates. Additionally, copies of this material may be obtained from the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. The SEC’s telephone number is 1800SEC0330. In accordance with NASDAQ Stock Market Rule 5250(d), we will also post this annual report on Form 20F on our website at www.kbsfashion.com.As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of quarterly reports and proxy statements,and officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and shortswing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the ExchangeAct.I.Subsidiary InformationNot applicable.ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKInterest Rate RiskWe deposit surplus funds with Chinese banks earning daily interest. We do not invest in any instruments for trading purposes. Most of our outstanding debtinstruments carry fixed rates of interest. Our operations generally are not directly sensitive to fluctuations in interest rates and we currently do not have any longterm debt outstanding. Management monitors the banks’ prime rates in conjunction with our cash requirements to determine the appropriate level of debt balancesrelative to other sources of funds. We have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to interest rate risk.79Table of ContentsForeign Exchange RiskWhile our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar, substantially all of our consolidated revenues and consolidated costs and expenses are denominated in RMB.Substantially all of our assets are denominated in RMB. As a result, we are exposed to foreign exchange risk as our revenues and results of operations may beaffected by fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the RMB. If the RMB depreciates against the U.S. dollar, the value of our RMB revenues,earnings and assets as expressed in our U.S. dollar financial statements will decline. Assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates at the balance sheet datesand revenue and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates and equity is translated at historical exchange rates. Any resulting translation adjustmentsare not included in determining net income but are included in determining other comprehensive income, a component of equity. An average appreciation(depreciation) of the RMB against the U.S. dollar of 5% would increase (decrease) our comprehensive income by $0.93 million based on our outstanding revenues,costs and expenses, assets and liabilities denominated in RMB as of December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2018, our accumulated other comprehensive income was$1.8 million. We have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign exchange risk.The value of RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies is affected by, among other things, changes in China’s political and economic conditions. Since July2005, RMB has not been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Although the People’s Bank of China regularly intervenes in the foreign exchange market to prevent significantshortterm fluctuations in the exchange rate, RMB may appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the medium to long term. Moreover, itis possible that in the future, PRC authorities may lift restrictions on fluctuations in RMB exchange rate and lessen intervention in the foreign exchange market.InflationInflationary factors such as increases in the cost of our product and overhead costs may adversely affect our operating results. Although we do not believe thatinflation has had a material impact on our financial position or results of operations to date, a high rate of inflation in the future may have an adverse effect on ourability to maintain current levels of gross margin and selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net revenues if the selling prices of ourproducts do not increase with these increased costs.ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIESA.Debt SecuritiesNot applicable.B.Warrants and RightsNot applicable.C.Other SecuritiesNot applicable.D.American Depositary SharesWe do not have any American Depositary Shares.80Table of ContentsPART IIITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIESNone.ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDSNone.ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURESA.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresAn evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2018, was made under the supervision and with the participation ofour management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based on that evaluation, we concluded that our disclosure controls andprocedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms.B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a15(f) underthe Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding thereliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS and includes those policies and procedures that (1)pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of a company’s assets, (2) providereasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally acceptedaccounting principles, and that a company’s receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of a company’s management anddirectors, and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of a company’s assets thatcould have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.Because of its inherent limitations, a system of internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to consolidated financialstatement preparation and presentation and may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods aresubject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures maydeteriorate.As required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and related rules as promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission, our managementassessed the effectiveness of the our internal control over the financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, using criteria established in Internal Control — IntegratedFramework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment using those criteria, our managementconcluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2018.C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting FirmBecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer, this annual report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internalcontrol over financial reporting.81Table of ContentsD.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERTThe audit committee of our board of directors currently consists of three members, Matthew C. Los (who serves as chairman), John Sano andYuet Mei Chan. Ourboard of directors has determined that all of our audit committee members are “independent” under the Exchange Act and have the requisite financial knowledgeand experience to serve as members of our audit committee. In addition, our board of directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is an “audit committee financialexpert” as defined in Item 16A of the Instructions to Form 20F and meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements due to his current and past experience invarious companies in which he was responsible for, amongst others, the financial oversight responsibilities.ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICSOn October 25, 2014, our Audit Committee adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to all of the directors, officers and employees of the Company and its subsidiaries,including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer. The Code of Ethics addresses, among other things, honesty andethical conduct, conflicts of interest, compliance with laws, regulations and policies, including disclosure requirements under the federal securities laws,confidentiality, trading on inside information, and reporting of violations of the code. A copy of the Code of Ethics is filed as Exhibit 11.1 to the annual report onForm 20F filed on October 27, 2015 and is also available on our website at www.kbsfashion.com. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, there were nowaivers of our Code of Ethics.ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICESThe following table sets forth the aggregate fees by categories specified below in connection with services rendered by our principal external auditors for theperiods indicated.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,20182017Audit Fees*$120,000$110,000AuditRelated FeesTax FeesTOTAL$120,000$110,000*“Audit Fees” consisted of the aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements or services that arenormally provided by the accountant in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.Our Audit Committee preapproves all auditing services and permitted nonaudit services to be performed for us by our independent auditor, including the fees andterms thereof (subject to the de minimums exceptions for nonaudit services described in Section 10A(i)(l)(B) of the Exchange Act that are approved by our AuditCommittee prior to the completion of the audit). The percentage of services provided for which we paid auditrelated fees, tax fees, or other fees that were approvedby our Audit Committee pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(i)(C) of Rule 201 of Regulation SX promulgated by the SEC was 100%.ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEESPrior to July 10, 2017, in lieu of an audit committee comprised of three independent directors, our audit committee was comprised of two independent members of ourboard of directors. On July 10, 2017, the board of directors appointed Ms. Yuet Mei Chan as an independent director and a member of the audit committee. As aresult, we are in full compliance with the Nasdaq listing rules for the audit committee.82Table of ContentsITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERSThere were no purchases of equity securities made by or on behalf of us or any “affiliated purchaser” as defined in Rule 10b18 of the Exchange Act during theperiod covered by this Annual Report.ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANTNone.ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCEWe were incorporated in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (“RMI”) and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable RMI law, our articles ofincorporation and bylaws. In addition, because our common stock is listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements.NASDAQ Listing Rule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600,provided that such foreign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes thehome country practice followed in lieu of such requirement. The home country practices that we follow in lieu of NASDAQ’s corporate governance rules are asfollows:●we currently do not have a nominating committee or a compensation committee;●we did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in fiscal 2018; however, we may, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issuesthat require shareholders’ approvals; and●in lieu of obtaining shareholder approval prior to the adoption of an agreement pursuant to which stock may be acquired by officers, directors, employeesor consultants, the board of directors approves such adoption.ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURENot applicable.83Table of ContentsPART IIIITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTSWe have elected to provide financial statement pursuant to Item 18.ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTSThe financial statements are filed as part of this annual report beginning on page F1.ITEM 19.EXHIBITSExhibit No.Description1.1Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Amendment No. 4 to the registrant’s RegistrationStatement on Form F1 filed on October 24, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).1.2Articles of Amendment, filed with the Office of the Registrar of Corporations of Republic of the Marshall Islands on October 31, 2014(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant on October 27, 2015)1.3Articles of Amendment, filed with the Office of the Registrar of Corporations of Republic of the Marshall Islands on February 3, 2017(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Report on Form 6K furnished by the registrant on February 3, 2017)1.4Bylaws as amended on September 22, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.3 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant onOctober 27, 2015)2.1Specimen of Unit Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant on October 27,2015)2.2Specimen of Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant onOctober 27, 2015)2.3Specimen of Public Redeemable Warrant Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.3 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by theregistrant on October 27, 2015)2.4Specimen Placement Unit Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Amendment No. 3 to the registrant’s Registration Statement onForm F1 filed on October 15, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).2.5Specimen Placement Warrant Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Amendment No. 1 to the registrant’s RegistrationStatement on Form F1 filed on June 5, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).2.6Form of Warrant Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Amendment No. 4 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on FormF1 filed on October 24, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).2.7Form of Unit Purchase Option (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the Amendment No. 3 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on FormF1 filed on October 15, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).4.1Form of Registration Rights Agreement among the Registrant and the founders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Amendment No. 1to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F1 filed on June 5, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).4.2Form of Placement Unit Purchase Agreement between the registrant and the founders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the AmendmentNo. 4 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F1 filed on October 24, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).4.3Share Exchange Agreement and Plan of Liquidation, dated March 24, 2014, by and among Aquasition Corp., KBS International Holdings, Inc.,Hongri International Holdings Limited, Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registration Reporton Form 6K filed by the registrant on April 4, 2014)4.4Frist Amendment to Share Exchange Agreement and Plan of Liquidation, dated June 21, 2014 by and among Aquasition Corp., KBS InternationalHoldings, Inc., Hongri International Holdings Limited, Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (D)(3) toAmendment No.4 to the Schedule TO filed by the registrant on July 9, 2014)4.5Voting Agreement , dated August 1, 2014, by and among Aquasition Corp., Aquasition Investments Corp., Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to Shell Company Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant on August 7, 2014)84Table of ContentsExhibit No.Description4.6Form of Resale LockUp Agreement, dated August 1, 2014, by and among Aquasition Corp., Aquasition Investments Corp., Cheung So Wa, ChanSun Keung and other named parties(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.12 to Shell Company Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant onAugust 7, 2014)4.7Employee Agreement with Keyan Yan, dated August 1, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.13 to Shell Company Report on Form 20F filedby the registrant on August 7, 2014)4.8Employee Agreement with Lixia Tu, dated June 25, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.12 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by theregistrant on October 27, 2015)4.92018 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S8 filed by the registrant on December27, 2018)8.1List of the registrant’s subsidiaries (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 8.1 to Shell Company Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant onAugust 7, 2014)11.1Code of Ethics, adopted on October 25, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 11.1 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registranton October 27, 2015)12.1Certifications of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a14(a) or Rule 15d1(a)12.2Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a14(a) or Rule 15d1(a)13.1Certifications of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 200213.2Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 200215.1Consent from WWC, P.C., Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm101.INSXBRL Instance Document101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document85Table of ContentsSIGNATUREThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this report on its behalf. Date: April 30, 2019KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED/s/ Keyan YanKeyan YanChief Executive Officer86Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Financial StatementsFor the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016(Stated in US dollars)Table of ContentsCONTENTSPAGESREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMF2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/ (LOSS)F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITIONF4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITYF5CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSF6 – F7NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF8 – F59F1Table of ContentsREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo:The Board of Directors and Stockholders ofKBS Fashion Group LimitedOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of KBS Fashion Group Limited (the Company) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017,and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the threeyearperiod ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, inall material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of theyears in the threeyear period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International AccountingStandards Board.Emphasis of MatterThe Company incurred significant losses during the year ended December 31, 2018. The losses were related to the sale of products at discounted prices andimpairment loss charged during the year. During the year, the Company completed its cash management strategy that was put in place in 2017.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required tobe independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ WWC, P.C.WWC, P.C.Certified Public AccountantsWe have served as the Company’s auditor since April 25, 2016.San Mateo, CaliforniaApril 30, 2019F2Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income/ (Loss)For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016(Stated in U.S. Dollars)Year ended December 31,Notes201820172016Revenue818,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales9(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)Gross (loss)/profit(2,316,137)(11,511,816)2,158,273Other income10122,139461,564555,051Other gains and (losses)11(13,522,300)(122,243)(11,123,767)Distribution and selling expenses12(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)Administrative expenses13(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)Loss from operations(23,294,273)(19,317,272)(15,560,446)Finance costs14(96,444)(96,385)(71,783)Change in fair value of warrant liabilities313,409Loss before tax(23,390,717)(19,413,657)(15,628,820)Income tax income155,422,1194,598,0613,726,133Loss for the year16(17,968,598)(14,815,596)(11,902,687)Other comprehensive (loss) incomecurrency translation differences(3,071,697)4,810,715(6,125,433)Total comprehensive loss for the year(21,040,295)(10,004,881)(18,028,120)Loss per share of common stock attributable to the CompanyBasic19(8.06)(7.96)(6.80)Diluted19(8.06)(7.96)(6.80)Weighted average shares outstanding:Basic192,229,9151,860,8311,750,142Diluted192,229,9151,860,8311,750,142The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F3Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Financial PositionAs at December 31, 2018, and 2017(Stated in U.S. Dollars)As of December 31,Notes20182017Noncurrent assetsProperty, plant and equipmentnet2012,173,80827,824,523Prepayments and premiums under operating leases212,371,7352,568,199Prepayment for construction of new plant22Prepayment for acquisition of land use right23Land use rights24603,503648,652Deferred tax assets1514,688,8299,924,94429,837,87540,966,318Current assetsInventories251,245,8001,806,212Trade receivables268,122,22310,501,543Other receivables and prepayments26855,4731,901,268Subsidies prepaid to distributorsPrepayments and premiums under operating leases2178,53283,907Cash and cash equivalents2721,026,10326,050,45631,328,13140,343,386Total assets61,166,00681,309,704Current liabilitiesShort term bank loans301,092,7831,606,930Trade and other payables285,278,4605,451,830Related parties payables29445,614154,137Contract liabilities47,82869,6126,864,6857,282,509Noncurrent liabilityWarrant liabilities31Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,509EquityShare capital32227198Share premium328,000,5616,686,169Revaluation reserve33184,272184,272Statutory surplus reserve336,084,8366,084,836Retained profits3346,178,21364,146,811Foreign currency translation reserve33(6,146,788)(3,075,091)54,301,32174,027,195Total liabilities and equity61,166,00681,309,704The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F4Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Changes in EquityFor the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016(Stated in U.S. Dollars)ForeignStatutorycurrencyShareShareRevaluationsurplusRetainedtranslationcapitalpremiumreservereserveprofitsreserveTotal(Note 32)(Note 32)(Note 33)(Note 33)(Note 33)(Note 33)Balance at January 1, 20161705,627,2476,069,45790,880,473(1,760,373)100,816,974Reclassification of revaluation surplus184,272184,272Shares issued for stockbased compensation7428,993429,000Loss for the year(11,902,687)(11,902,687)Other comprehensive loss for the year(6,125,433)(6,125,433)Appropriation to statutory surplus reserve15,379(15,379)Balance at December 31, 20161776,056,240184,2726,084,83678,962,407(7,885,806)83,402,126Shares issued for stockbased compensation21629,929629,950Loss for the year(14,815,596)(14,815,596)Other comprehensive income for the year4,810,7154,810,715Balance at December 31, 20171986,686,169184,2726,084,83664,146,811(3,075,091)74,027,195Shares issued for stockbased compensation291,314,3921,314,421Loss for the year(17,968,598)(17,968,598)Other comprehensive loss for the year(3,071,697)(3,071,697)Balance at December 31, 20182278,000,561184,2726,084,83646,178,213(6,146,788)54,301,321The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F5Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Cash FlowsFor the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016(Stated in U.S. Dollars)Year ended December 31,201820172016OPERATING ACTIVITIESLoss for the year(17,968,598)(14,815,596)(11,902,687)Adjustments for:Sharebased payment1,314,420629,950429,000Finance cost96,44496,38571,783Change in fair value of warrant liabilities(3,409)Interest income(71,693)(81,517)(85,482)Depreciation of property, plant and equipment1,521,7251,510,2131,942,735Amortization of prepaid lease payments and trademark14,54514,30719,009Amortization of subsidies prepaid to distributors401,259910,537Amortization of prepayments and premiums under operating leases107,088105,340118,783Provision/(reversal) of inventory obsolescence196,124101,256(1,667)Bad debt provision of trade receivables331,196Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment9402,4181,441Provision of impairment loss in property, plant and equipment13,311,557Provision of impairment loss in prepayments11,649,038Operating cash flows before movements in working capital(1,477,448)(12,035,985)3,480,277Decrease in trade and other receivables1,941,33613,983,7817,265,940Decrease in inventories294,204669,923889,384Increase/(decrease) in trade and other payables2,036522,839(1,080,978)(Decrease)/increase in income tax payable(263,333)155,632Increase in deferred tax assets(5,422,119)(4,598,061)(3,779,923)Prepayments and premiums paid under operating leases958,6383,645,471(1,761,155)Subsidies prepaid to distributors(910,537)CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES(3,703,353)1,924,6354,258,640Income tax paid(2,385)(1,064,351)NET CASH FROM/(USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES(3,703,353)1,922,2503,194,289INVESTING ACTIVITIESInterest received71,69381,51785,482Purchase of property, plant and equipment(18,761)(946,882)(40,037)NET CASH FROM/(USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES52,932(865,365)45,445The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F6Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Cash FlowsFor the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016(Stated in U.S. Dollars)Year ended December 31,201820172016FINANCING ACTIVITIESInterest paid(96,444)(96,385)(71,783)New bank loans raised1,130,8401,557,3361,578,289Repayment of borrowings(1,583,175)(1,557,336)Advance from related party299,542387,030173,003Repayment to related party(7,633)(1,386,555)NET CASH FROM/(USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS(3,907,291)(39,025)4,919,243Effects of currency translation(1,117,062)1,513,140(1,556,982)CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF YEAR26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR21,026,10326,050,45624,576,341The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F7Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements1.GENERAL INFORMATIONOn January 26, 2012, Aquasition Investments Corp (“Company”) was organized as a blank check company pursuant to the laws of the Republic of theMarshall Islands for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, or similar acquisition transaction,one or more operating businesses or assets.On March 24, 2014, the Company entered into a Share Exchange Agreement and Plan of Liquidation (the “Agreement”) among KBS International Holdings,Inc. (“KBS”), a Nevada corporation, Hongri International Holdings Ltd (“Hongri”), a company organized under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, andCheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, the principal shareholders of KBS.On August 1, 2014, the share exchange was completed. In order to align with the brand and operations of the entities acquired pursuant to the Agreement,the Company changed its name from Aquasition Investments Corp to KBS Fashion Group Limited.The Company’s units which are comprised of one share of common stock and one warrant are traded on the NASDAQ Capital Markets. The Company’strading symbol is KBSF.The acquisition was accounted for as a reverse merger and recapitalization where the Company, the legal acquirer is the accounting acquiree, and KBS, thelegal acquiree, was the accounting acquirer.Description of Subsidiaries:Hongri International Holdings Limited (the “Hongri”), formerly known as Wah Ying International Investment Inc., was incorporated in the British VirginIslands (the “BVI”) on July 8, 2008 as a limited liability company with authorized share capital of $50,000, divided into 50,000 common shares with $1 parvalue. Up through December 31, 2010, 10,000 common shares had been issued at par. On January 27, 2011, the Company issued an additional 10,000common shares for cash consideration at $77 per share. The principal activity of the Company is investment holding. Hongri a directly wholly ownedsubsidiary of the Company.France Cock (China) Limited (“France Cock”) was incorporated in Hong Kong on September 21, 2005 as a limited liability company with authorized capitalof HK$10,000, divided into 10,000 common shares with par value of HK$1. The capital has been fully paid up. The principal activity of France Cock is theholding of intellectual property rights such as trademarks. France Cock owns the Company’s trademarks, including “KBS” and “Kabiniao”. France Cock is adirectly wholly owned subsidiary of Hongri.F8Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsRoller Rome Limited (“Roller Rome”) was incorporated in the BVI on March 28, 2006 as a limited liability company with authorized share capital of $50,000,divided into 50,000 common shares with par value of $1. The principal activity of Roller Rome is the provision of design and development services forsports apparel. Roller Rome is a directly wholly owned subsidiary of Hongri.Vast Billion Investment Limited (“Vast Billion”) was incorporated in Hong Kong on November 25, 2010 as a limited liability company with authorized sharecapital of HK$10,000 divided into 10,000 ordinary shares with HK$1par value. One ordinary share has been issued at par. Vast Billion is an investmentholding company, and is a directly wholly owned subsidiary of Hongri.Hongri (Fujian) Sports Goods Co. Ltd. (“Hongri Fujian”) was established in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”) on November 17, 2005 with aregistered and paid up capital of RMB 5,000,000. On March 24, 2011, Hongri Fujian increased registered capital from RMB 70,000,000 to RMB75,000,000. Asof September 30, 2011, the paid up capital was RMB 39,551,860. Hongri Fujian is engaged in the design, manufacture, marketing, and sale of apparel in thePRC. Hongri Fujian is a directly wholly owned subsidiary of Vast Billion.Anhui Kai Xin Apparel Company Limited (“Anhui Kai Xin”) was established in the PRC on March 16, 2011 with a registered and paid up capital of RMB1,000,000. Anhui Kai Xin is a wholly owned subsidiary of Hongri Fujian. Anhui Kai Xin provides contracting manufacturing services for companies in thesports apparel business.2.GROUP ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSThe Group structure as at the reporting date is as follows:F9Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements3.APPLICATION OF NEW AND REVISED INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (“IFRS”)Except as described below, for the year ended December 31, 2018 the Company has consistently adopted all the new and revised standards, amendmentsand interpretations (collectively IFRSs) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and the IFRS Interpretations Committee(formerly known as “International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee” (“IFRIC”)) of the IASB that are effective for financial year beginning onJanuary 1, 2018 in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements throughout the year.IFRS 2 (amendments) Classification and Measurement of Sharebased Payment TransactionsIAS 40 (amendments) Transfers of Investment PropertyAnnual improvements to IFRSs 2014–2016 cycleAmendments to IAS 28 Investments in Associates and Joint VenturesAmendments to IFRS 11: Accounting for acquisitions of interests in joint operationsIFRIC 22 Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance ConsiderationAmendments to IAS 16 and IAS 38: Clarification of acceptable methods of depreciation and amortizationAmendment to IAS 27: Equity method in separate financial statementsAmendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and IAS 28: Investment entities: applying the consolidation exceptionAmendments to IAS 1: Disclosure initiativeOther than as explained below regarding the impact of IFRS 9 and IFRS 15, the adoption of the above new and revised standards had no significantfinancial effect on these financial statements. Other standards, amendments and interpretations which are effective for the financial year beginning onJanuary 1, 2018 are not material to the Group.F10Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsIFRS 9, Financial instrumentsThe Company has initially adopted IFRS 9, Financial instruments from January 1, 2018. IFRS 9 replaces IAS 39, Financial instruments: recognition andmeasurement. It sets out requirements for recognising and measuring financial assets, financial liabilities and some contracts to buy or sell nonfinancialitems.Based on the assessment by the Company, there is no significant cumulative effect of the initial application of IFRS 9 at January 1, 2018 in accordance withthe transition requirement.Classification and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities IFRS 9 contains three principal classification and measurement categories forfinancial assets: amortised cost, FVOCI, and fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”).The classification for debt instruments is determined based on the entity’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual cash flowcharacteristics of the asset. A debt instrument will be measured at amortised cost if the instrument is held for the collection of contractual cash flows whichrepresent solely payments of principal and interest. Interest income from the debt instrument is calculated using the effective interest method.For equity instruments, the classification is FVTPL regardless of the entity’s business model. The only exception is if the equity instrument is not held fortrading and the entity irrevocably elects to designate that instrument as FVOCI. If an equity instrument is designated as FVOCI then only dividend incomeon that instrument will be recognised in profit or loss. Gains or losses on that instrument will be recognised in other comprehensive income withoutrecycling through profit or loss.For an explanation of how the Group classifies and measures financial assets and recognises related gains and losses under IFRS 9, see note 4, significantaccounting policies.The measurement categories and carrying amounts for all financial liabilities at January 1, 2018 have not been impacted by the initial application of IFRS 9.The Group did not designate or redesignate any financial asset or financial liability at FVTPL at January 1, 2018.Further, IFRS 9 replaces the “incurred loss” model in IAS 39 with an ECL model. The ECL model requires an ongoing measurement of credit risk associatedwith a financial asset and therefore recognises credit losses earlier than under the “incurred loss” model in IAS 39.F11Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsFor further details on the Group’s accounting policy for accounting for credit losses, see note 4, significant accounting policies.The Group has concluded that there is no material impact for the initial application of the new impairment requirements.IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with CustomersIFRS 15 establishes a fivestep model comprehensive framework for the recognition of revenue from contracts with customer: (i) identify the contract; (ii)identify performance obligations; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recogniserevenue when (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied, i.e. when “control” of the goods or services underlying the particular performance obligation istransferred to the customer. IFRS 15 replaced IAS 18 Revenue, IAS 11 Construction Contracts and related interpretations.IFRS 15 also introduces additional qualitative and quantitative disclosure requirements which aim to enable users of the financial statements to understandthe nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.The Company’s business model is straight forward and its contracts with customers for the sale of goods include only single performance obligation. TheCompany has concluded that revenue from sale should be recognised at the point of time when a customer obtains control of goods. The Company hasconcluded that the initial application of IFRS 15 does not have a significant impact on the Company’s revenue recognition.Under IFRS 15, a contract liability, is recognised when a customer pays consideration, or is contractually required to pay consideration and the amount isalready due, before the Company recognises the related revenue, or when the Company receives consideration from a customer and expects to refund someor all of that consideration to the customer (i.e. refund liability). To reflect this change in presentation, contract liabilities, including receipts in advance fromcustomers and refund liabilities are now separately presented as contract liabilities at December 31, 2018, as a result of the adoption of IFRS 15.F12Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsAt the date these consolidated financial statements are authorized for issuance, the IASB has issued the following new and revised InternationalAccounting Standards (“IASs”), IFRSs, amendments and IFRICs which are not yet effective in respect of the years. The Company has not early applied thefollowing new and revised standards, amendments or interpretations that have been issued but are not yet effective:IFRS 16 Leases(1)IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts(2)Amendments to IFRS 9 Prepayment Features with Negative Compensation(1)Amendments to IAS 28 Longterm Interests in Associates and Joint Ventures(1)Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2015–2017 Cycle Amendments to IFRS 3 Business Combinations, IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements, IAS 12 IncomeTaxes and IAS 23 Borrowing Costs(1)Amendments to IAS 19 Employee Benefits Plan Amendment, Curtailment or Settlement(1)IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements and IAS 28 (amendments) Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or JointVenture(3)IFRIC 23 Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments(1)(1) Effective for the accounting period beginning on January 1, 2019.(2) Effective for the accounting period beginning on January 1, 2021.(3) The effective date of the amendments has yet to be set by the IASBThe Company will apply the above new standards and amendments to standards when they become effective. The Company is in the process of making anassessment of the impact of the above new standards and amendments to standards.In relation to IFRS 16, the standard will result in almost all leases being recognised on the balance sheet, as the distinction between operating and financeleases is removed. Under the new standard, an asset (the right to use the leased item) and a financial liability to pay rentals are recognised. The onlyexceptions are shortterm and lowvalue leases. The accounting for lessors will not significantly change. The standard will affect primarily the accountingfor Company’s operating leases. As at the reporting date, the Company has noncancellable operating lease commitments of 2,450,267, see Note 34.However, the Company has not yet determined to what extent these commitments will result in the recognition of an asset and a liability for future paymentsand how this will affect the Group’s profit and classification of cash flows. Some of the commitments may be covered by the exception for shortterm andlow value leases and some commitments may relate to arrangements that will not qualify as leases under IFRS 16.The standard is mandatory for accounting periods commencing on or after January 1, 2019. At this stage, the Company does not intend to adopt thestandard before its effective date.There are no other standards and interpretations in issue but not yet adopted that the directors anticipate will have a material effect on the consolidatedfinancial statements of the Company.F13Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements4.SIGNIFCANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESThe principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial statements are set out below. The policies have been consistently applied to allthe years presented, unless otherwise stated.Basis of preparationThe consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis and in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. The principalaccounting policies are set out below.Basis of consolidationThe consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the Company and entities controlled by the Company (its subsidiaries).Control is achieved where the Company has the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities.Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies into line with those used by othermembers of the Group.All intragroup transactions, balances, income and expenses are eliminated on consolidation.Foreign currenciesFunctional and presentation currencyItems included in the financial statements are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the“functional currency”).The Group conducts its business predominately in the PRC and hence its functional currency is the Renminbi (RMB).F14Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsTranslation from RMB to USD found place at the following rates:Period end ratesAverage ratesDecember 31, 2016USD 1.00= RMB 6.9370USD 1.00=RMB 6.6528 December 31, 2017USD 1.00= RMB 6.5924USD 1.00=RMB 6.7423December 31, 2018USD 1.00= RMB 6.8632USD 1.00=RMB 6.6322Translation from HKD to USD found place at the following rates:Period end ratesAverage ratesDecember 31, 2016USD 1.00= HKD 7.7552USD 1.00=HKD 7.7614December 31, 2017USD 1.00= HKD 7.8170USD 1.00=HKD 7.7928December 31, 2018USD 1.00= HKD 7.8329USD 1.00=HKD 7.8636The results and financial positions in functional currency are translated into the presentation currency, USD, of the Company as follows:(1)Assets and liabilities for each balance sheet presented are translated at the closing rate at the date of that balance sheet;(2)Income and expenses for each income statement are translated at average exchange rates (unless this average is not a reasonable approximation ofthe cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and expenses are translated at the dates of thetransactions);(3)Share equity, share premium and dividends are translated at historical exchange rates; and(4)All resulting exchange differences are recognized in foreign currency translation reserve, a separate component of equity.All financial information presented in USD has been rounded to the nearest dollar, except when otherwise indicated.Segment reportingOperating segments, and the amounts of each segment item reported in the financial statements, are identified from the financial information providedregularly to the Group’s most senior executive management for the purposes of allocating resources to, and assessing the performance of, the Group’svarious lines of business and geographical locations.F15Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsIndividually material operating segments are not aggregated for financial reporting purposes unless the segments have similar economic characteristics andare similar in respect of the nature of products and services, the nature of production processes, the type or class of customers, the methods used todistribute the products or provide the services, and the nature of the regulatory environment. Operating segments which are not individually material maybe aggregated if they share a majority of these criteria. The Group’s three segments are wholesale, retail and contract manufacturing.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects theconsideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled inexchange for transferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it ishighly probable that a significant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with thevariable consideration is subsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to thecustomer for more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would bereflected in a separate financing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financingcomponent which provides the Company a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interestexpense accreted on the contract liability under the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer andthe transfer of the promised goods or services is one year or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component,using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of thegoods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cashreceipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associatedwith the dividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. F16Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsRevenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer.Revenue from all above categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goodssold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respectof the transaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered, and title has passed.Contract liabilities (applicable from 1 January 2018)A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Group has received a consideration (or an amount ofconsideration that is due) from the customer. If a customer pays the consideration before the Group transfers goods or services to the customer, a contractliability is recognised when the payment is made or the payment is due (whichever is earlier). Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the Groupperforms under the contract.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting thedeductible input VAT of the period, is VAT payable.F17Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantialperiod of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for theirintended use or sale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal governmentretirement benefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fundtheir retirement benefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal governmenttakes responsibility for the retirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly,the only obligation of the Group with respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employmentwith the Group. There are no provisions under the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans areconsidered defined contribution plans. The Group has no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixedcontributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pension schemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service isperformed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to itemsrecognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity,respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries wherethe Group operates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in whichapplicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the taxauthorities.F18Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsDeferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences.Deferred tax assets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be availableagainst which those deductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary differencearises from goodwill or from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neitherthe taxable profit nor the accounting profit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able tocontrol the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assetsarising from deductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will besufficient taxable profits against which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable thatsufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized,based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred taxliabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, torecover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities andwhen the deferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or differenttaxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly inequity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax ordeferred tax arises from the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.F19Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsStore preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll andsupplies. The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenseswhen occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All otherleases are classified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes.Leasehold improvements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposesother than construction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful livesand after taking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction inprogress is carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant andequipment when completed and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when theassets are ready for their intended use.An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued useof the asset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carryingamount of the item) is included in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.F20Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsThe Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights touse the land on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizablevalue represents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fairvalue through profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s businessmodel for managing them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has appliedthe practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus inthe case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financingcomponent or for which the Group has applied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance withthe policies set out for “Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cashflows that are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell theasset. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established byregulation or convention in the marketplace.F21Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsSubsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses arerecognised in the income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversalsare recognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair valuechanges are recognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive incomeis recycled to the income statement.F22Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsFinancial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. Theclassification is determined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statementwhen the right of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and theamount of the dividend can be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financialasset, in which case, such gains are recorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensiveincome are not subject to impairment assessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair valuethrough profit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they areacquired for the purpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held fortrading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interestare classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to beclassified at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair valuethrough profit or loss on initial recognition if doing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised inthe income statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separatederivative if the economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embeddedderivative would meet the definition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives aremeasured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms ofthe contract that significantly modifies the cash flows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value throughprofit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference betweenthe contractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation ofthe original effective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that areintegral to the contractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs areprovided for credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for whichthere has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life ofthe exposure, irrespective of the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).F23Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsAt each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. Whenmaking the assessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a defaultoccurring on the financial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available withoutundue cost or effort, including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also considera financial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts infull before taking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation ofrecovering the contractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the generalapproach and they are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach asdetailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured atan amount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets andfor which the loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the lossallowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsSimplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect ofa significant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not trackchanges in credit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrixthat is based on its historical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt thesimplified approach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed fromthe Group’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to whatextent, it has retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset nor transferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement.In that case, the Group also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects therights and obligations that the Group has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and themaximum amount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. TheGroup’s financial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.F24Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsSubsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate methodunless the effect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement whenthe liabilities are derecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effectiveinterest rate. The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability aresubstantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and thedifference between the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceablelegal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to thecontractual provisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue offinancial assets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initialrecognition.F25Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements(1)Financial assetsThe Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period.The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form anintegral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, whereappropriate, a shorter period to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.ReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including tradeand other receivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, lessany impairment (see accounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, asa result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have beenaffected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequentlyassessed for impairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience ofcollecting payments, and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national orlocal economic conditions that correlate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between theasset’s carrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.F26Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsThe carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables,where the carrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized inprofit or loss. When a trade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries ofamounts previously written off are credited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairmentlosses was recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset atthe date the impairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and on hand, demand deposits with banks and other financial institutions, and shortterm, highly liquidinvestments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, having been withinthree months of maturity at acquisition(2)Financial liabilities and equityFinancial liabilities and equity instruments issued by a group entity are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered intoand the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Group after deducting all of its liabilities.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period.The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form anintegral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or, whereappropriate, a shorter period to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.F27Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsInterest expense is recognized on an effective interest basis.Financial liabilitiesFinancial liabilities including trade and other payables, related parties payables and shortterm loans are subsequently measured at amortized cost, usingthe effective interest method.Equity instrumentsEquity instruments issued by the group entities are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.(3)DerecognitionFinancial assets are derecognized when the rights to receive cash flows from the assets expire or, the financial assets are transferred and the Group hastransferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial assets. On derecognition of a financial asset, the difference between theasset’s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognized in profit or loss.Financial liabilities are derecognized when the obligation specified in the relevant contract is discharged, cancelled or expires. The difference between thecarrying amount of the financial liability derecognized and the consideration paid and payable is recognized in profit or loss.Capital and ReservesShare capital represents the nominal value of shares that have been issued by the Group. Share capital is determined using the nominal value of shares thathave been issued.Retained profits include all current and prior period results as determined in the combined statement of comprehensive income.Foreign currency translation reserve arising on the translation are included in the currency translation reserve.In accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of PRC, the subsidiaries of the Group established in PRC are required to transfer 10% of its annualstatutory net profit (after offsetting any prior years’ losses) to the statutory reserve. When the balance of such reserve reaches 50% of the subsidiary’sshare capital, any further transfer of its annual statutory net profit is optional. Such reserve may be used to offset accumulated losses or to increase theregistered capital of the subsidiary subject to the approval of the relevant authorities. However, except for offsetting prior years’ losses, such statutoryreserve must be maintained at a minimum of 25% of the share capital after such usage. The statutory reserves are not available for dividend distribution tothe shareholders.F28Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsAll transactions with owners of the Group are recorded separately within equity.Earnings/(loss) per shareBasic earnings per share (“EPS”) are computed by dividing income attributable to holders of common shares by the weighted average number of commonshares outstanding during the year. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common shares wereexercised or converted into common shares. Potential dilutive securities are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS in loss periods as their effectwould be antidilutive.5.SIGNIFICANT MANAGEMENT JUDGEMENT IN APPLYING ACCOUNTING POLICIESThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to exercise judgment in the process of applying the Group’saccounting policies and requires the use of accounting estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosureof contingent assets and liabilities at the date of financial statements and reported amount of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Thefollowing estimates that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets and liabilities within the next financial yearare disclosed below.Provision for expected credit losses on trade receivablesThe Group estimates the loss allowances for trade receivables by assessing the ECLs. This requires the use of estimates and judgements. ECLs are basedon the Group’s historical credit loss experience, adjusted for factors that are specific to the debtors, and an assessment of both the current and forecastgeneral economic conditions at the end of reporting period. Where the estimation is different from the previous estimate, such difference will affect thecarrying amounts of trade receivables and thus the impairment loss in the period in which such estimate is changed. The Group keeps assessing theexpected credit loss of trade receivables during their expected lives.Impairment LossesImpairment losses are based on an assessment of the investment or longlived assets’ ability to generate future cash flows when there is evidence thatthese assets may be impaired. The calculation of the amount of impairment loss are based on estimates made by management when applying broadaccounting principles governing the accounting for these assets. The determination of these estimates requires judgment by management. The finaloutcome may differ from the original estimates made by management, which may impact the carrying value of the assets which management has determinedto be impaired and charged to the Company’s profit loss during the period.F29Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsIncome TaxThe Group has exposure to income taxes in numerous jurisdictions. Significant judgment is involved in determining the Group’s provision for income taxes.There are certain transactions and computations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain during the ordinary course of business. The Grouprecognizes liabilities for expected tax issues based on estimates of whether additional taxes will be due. Where the final tax outcome of these matters isdifferent from the amounts that were initially recognized, such differences will impact the income tax and differed tax provisions in the period in which suchdetermination is made. The carrying amount of the Group’s income tax payable as at December 31, 2018 and 2017 amounted to $nil and $nil, respectively.6.KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTYIn the application of the Group’s accounting policies, which are described in Note 4, management is required to make estimates and assumptions about thecarrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based onhistorical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which theestimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and futureperiods.The following are the key assumptions concerning the future, and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the end of the reporting period, that havea significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets within the next financial year.Depreciation of building, machinery and equipmentAs described in Note 4, the Group reviews the estimated useful lives and residual values of property, plant and equipment at the end of each reportingperiod. The cost of building, machinery and equipment is depreciated on a straightline basis over the assets’ estimated useful lives. Managementestimates the useful lives of these buildings, machinery and equipment to be within 5 to 20 years. These are the common life expectancies applied in thesame industry. Changes in the expected level of usage and technological developments could impact the economic useful lives and the residual values ofthese assets, therefore future depreciation charges could be revised.F30Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsFair value of warrantsThe fair value of warrants was determined using a binomiallattice model. This model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including pricevolatility of the underlying stock. Changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the estimate of fair value of the warrants and theCompany’s results of operations could be impacted. This model is dependent upon several variables such as the instrument’s expected term, expectedstrike price, expected riskfree interest rate over the expected instrument term, the expected dividend yield rate over the expected instrument term, and theexpected volatility of the Company’s stock price over the expected term. The expected term represents the period of time that the instruments granted areexpected to be outstanding. The expected strike price is based upon a weighted average probability analysis of the strike price changes expected during theterm as a result of the down round protection. The riskfree rates are based on U.S. Treasury securities with similar maturities as the expected terms of theoptions at the date of valuation. Expected dividend yield is based on historical trends. The Company measures volatility using the volatility rates of marketindex.Impairment of nonfinancial assetsProperty, plant and equipment are tested for impairment whenever there is any objective evidence or indication that these assets may be impaired.For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the valueinuse) is determined on anindividual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. If this is the case, therecoverable amount is determined for the cashgeneratingunit (“CGU”) to which the asset belongs.If the recoverable amount of the asset (or CGU) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or CGU) is reduced to itsrecoverable amount.The difference between the carrying amount and recoverable amount is recognized as an impairment loss in the income statement, unless the asset iscarried at revalued amount, in which case, such impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.An impairment loss for an asset other than goodwill is reversed if, and only if, there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the asset’srecoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The carrying amount of this asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount,provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortization or depreciation) hadno impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years.F31Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsA reversal of impairment loss for an asset other than goodwill is recognized in the income statement, unless the asset is carried at revalued amount, inwhich case, such reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, the Company recognized impairment losses of $nil, $nil, and $4,659,838, respectively, for itsprepayments for acquisition of land use rights. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, the Company recognized impairment losses of$nil, $nil, and $6,989,200, respectively, for its related prepayments for construction on such land. The impairment reflects the current reduction in the valueof the investment as a result of the delay in time to complete the construction projects and delay in procurement of legal certificates that would lead to theassets being put into service that would give rise to expected future profitability which at December 31, 2018, has been temporarily postponed beyond thenext operating period. The impairment losses charged to the prepayments has brought the carrying values to their respective recoverable amount in its fairvalue less costs to sell.During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, the Company recognized impairment losses of $13,311,557, $nil, and $nil, respectively, for a partof its factory plant in Anhui that is not currently in use. The impairment reflects the current reduction in the value of the carrying cost as a result of thecompany’s evaluation of the recoverability of its investment. The impairment losses charged to the factory plant has brought the carrying values to theirrespective recoverable amount in its fair value less costs to sell.For the prepayment for acquisition of land use rights, the Company provided an estimate of its fair value based on the market value substitution rule. Theestimated fair value belongs to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because the input is determined through quoted prices of similar assets without anactively quoted market. Using the market approach, the Company compares the price of the land use right that the Company intended to acquire with theprice of similar land use rights in the same geographical area, adjusted by factors such as price index, frequency of actual transactions conducted,environmental conditions, etc. Significant assumptions used in this estimation include the ability to legally obtain such land use rights, the usage of land asindustrial use, the date of transaction at year end, etc. As a result, the Company provided an estimate in the amount of $5,154,034. Finally, the fair value isreduced by estimated costs to sell which include, but not limited to, legal costs, stamp duty, similar transaction tax, etc. in the amount of $379,971. The netvalue is then compared to the carrying value, and the difference is recorded as impairment loss in the amount of $1,317,295 in 2015. In 2016, since there is noprogress in regards to the acquisition of land use rights, the Company provided further impairment to bring the carrying value down to $0 as management isunable to assert the recoverability of such asset.F32Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsFor the prepayment for construction, the Company provided an estimate of its fair value based on the time value approach. The estimated fair valuebelongs to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because the input is not easily observable. Using this approach, the Company calculates the time value ofmoney of the amount prepaid based on the Company’s weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) in order to arrive at its fair value. The Company usesthis approach to determine its recoverable amount because such prepayments are not readily resalable, and the ability to realize this amount is contingentupon the Company’s ability to successfully acquire the land use right as mentioned above. Significant assumptions used in this estimation include usingthe WACC, which is comprised of the Company’s metrics of return of equity, return of debt, the relevant weights of the returns of equity and debt, and taxrate, in determining the fair value. As a result, as at December 31, 2015, the Company provided an estimate in the amount of $7,160,523. Since this asset isnot resalable, the company estimated costs to sell for this asset in the amount of $0. The net value is then compared to the carrying value, and thedifference is recorded as impairment loss in the amount of $1,248,039 in 2015. In 2017, since there was no progress in regards to the construction, theCompany provided further impairment to bring the carrying value down to $0 as management is unable to assert the recoverability of such asset.For the factory plant, the Company provided an estimate of its fair value based on the time value approach. The estimated fair value belongs to Level 3 ofthe fair value hierarchy because the input is not easily observable. Using this approach, the Company calculates the time value of money of the amountrecoverable based on the Company’s weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) in order to arrive at its fair value. The Company uses this approach todetermine its recoverable amount because a part of the factory plant is not readily resalable. Significant assumptions used in this estimation include usingthe WACC, which is comprised of the Company’s metrics of return of equity, return of debt, the relevant weights of the returns of equity and debt, and taxrate, in determining the fair value. As a result, as at December 31, 2018, the Company recorded as impairment loss in the amount of $13,311,557 in 2018,which brings the carrying value of the part of the factory plant not in use down to $0 as management is unable to assert the recoverability of such asset.F33Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements7.SEGMENT REPORTINGManagement currently identifies the Group’s three sales models as operating segments, which are wholesale, retail and contract manufacturing. Thesegment presentation is in accordance with management’s expectation of future business developments. These operating segments are monitored andstrategic decisions are made on the basis of segmental gross margins.WholesaleRetailSubcontractingConsolidatedFor the year ended December 31,For the year ended December 31,For the year ended December31,For the year ended December 31,By business201820172016201820172016201820172016201820172016Sales to externalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment revenue13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment grossmargins/(loss)2,245,9442,277,8586,504,893(5,402,994)(14,291,680)(5,668,061)840,914502,0071,321,441(2,316,137)(11,511,815)2,158,273Reconcilingitems(21,074,580)(7,901,842)(17,787,093)Profit/(loss)before tax(23,390,717)(19,413,657)(15,628,820)Income taxincome/(expense)5,422,1194,598,0613,726,133Profit/(loss) forthe year(17,968,598)(14,815,596)(11,902,687)As of December 31, 2018Wholesale andRetailSubcontractingUnallocatedConsolidatedCurrent assets27,287,5906,394,81417,46233,699,866Noncurrent assets7,864,39119,601,74927,466,140Total assets35,151,98125,996,56317,46261,166,006Current liabilities3,417,6551,590,5641,856,4676,864,685Total liabilities3,417,6551,590,5641,856,4676,864,685As of December 31, 2017Wholesale andRetailSubcontractingUnallocatedConsolidatedCurrent assets34,036,8836,284,11822,38440,343,385Noncurrent assets8,987,85731,978,46240,966,319Total assets43,024,74038,262,58022,38481,309,704Current liabilities3,722,2771,995,1641,565,0687,282,509Total liabilities3,722,2771,995,1641,565,0687,282,509Geographical informationThe Group’s operations are located in the PRC and all of the Group’s revenue is derived from sales to customers in the PRC. Hence, no analysis bygeographical area of operations is provided.F34Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsInformation about major customersMajor distributors that make up 10% or more of wholesale revenue are as below:Year ended December 31,201820172016Distributor A1,331,1941,454,8623,782,718Other distributors12,253,56013,579,93828,344,36513,584,75415,034,80032,127,083Information about major suppliersMajor suppliers that make up 10% or more of purchases are as below:Year ended December 31,201820172016Supplier A3,031,3102,403,3096,655,740Supplier B2,879,1105,424,342Supplier C1,530,4294,083,924Supplier D3,023,297Supplier E1,714,468Supplier F1,684,743Supplier G1,684,910Other suppliers2,901,9825,065,5636,436,80910,497,31212,398,51225,624,1128.REVENUEYear ended December 31,201820172016ApparelWholesale13,584,75415,034,80032,127,083Retail2,375,7736,983,5925,529,985Subtotal15,960,52722,018,39237,657,068Subcontracting2,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Revenue is denominated only in USD.F35Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements9.COST OF SALESCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for productionpurpose, outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges, and water and electricity. The following table shows a breakdown of cost of sales for theperiods presented for each category:Year ended December 31,201820172016Changes in inventories of finished goods and work in progress(24,474)227,132(302,979)Materials consumed in production29,61941,057120,847Purchases of finished goods19,044,58233,877,59836,567,197Labor1,061,943602,1961,313,120Depreciation352,739370,858236,578Rental452Taxes and surcharges *75,736157,314253,039Water and electricity62,02752,79648,557Inventory provision196,1248320Others128,773120,886238,562Foreign currency translation difference(76,269)(175,493)566,69120,851,25235,274,35239,041,932* Tax and surcharges are mainly Urban Maintenance and Construction Tax (7% of Valued Added Tax payment amount), Extra Charges of Education Fund(3% of Valued Added Tax payment amount) and Local Surcharge for Education Fund (2% of Valued Added Tax payment amount).10.OTHER INCOMEYear ended December 31,201820172016Government grant367,260469,569Interest income on bank deposits71,69381,51785,482Other50,44612,787122,139461,564555,05111.OTHER GAINS AND (LOSSES)Year ended December 31,201820172016Gain on disposals of property, plant and equipment1,38017110,541Foreign exchange gain(49)(48)54Provision / reversal of inventory obsolescence(196,124)(101,256)(1,667)Bad debt provision of trade receivables(331,196)Impairment of prepayments in land purchase and related construction(11,649,038)Impairment of property(13,311,557)Others(15,950)(21,110)847,539(13,522,300)(122,243)(11,123,767)F36Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements12.DISTRIBUTION AND SELLING EXPENSESYear ended December 31,201820172016Rental16,06621,52730,225Depreciation1,2182,680490,527Labor275,026258,233211,274Subsidy to distributors787,064773,238910,537Promotion15,62332,216137,210Advertisement1,152,1761,591,7421,554,023Others423,782585,744272,2142,670,9553,265,3803,606,01013.ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSEYear ended December 31,201820172016Labor2,193,1201,600,3801,170,013Audit fee122,908216,281(33,997)Professional fee69,63977,75475,609Design fee648,632937,478465,120Depreciation and amortization charges1,185,2571,149,4551,163,293Bank charges8,13018,35212,943Rental75,90774,66875,673Travelling and entertainment2,662107,56644,874Others600,765697,463570,4654,907,0204,879,3973,543,99314.FINANCE COSTSYear ended December 31,201820172016Interest expenses on bank borrowingswholly repayable within one year96,44496,38571,783Bank borrowings interests are charged at a rate of 6.09% per annum for the bank loan that was fully repaid in 2018.Bank borrowings interests are charged at a rate of 6.09% per annum for the current bank loan.F37Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements15.INCOME TAX (INCOME)/ EXPENSEor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:●the gain is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States by such non U.S. holder, and, if an income tax treaty applies,is attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by such nonU.S. holder in the U.S.;●the nonU.S. holder is an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the disposition, and certain otherconditions are met; or●We are or have been a “U.S. real property holding corporation,” or USRPHC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes at any time during the shorter of the fiveyear period ending on the date of disposition or the period during which the holder has held our Common Stock.NonU.S. holders whose gain is described in the first bullet point above will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the gain derived from the sale, net of certaindeductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. Corporate nonU.S. holders whose gain is described in the first bullet point above may also be subject to thebranch profits tax described above at a 30% rate or lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty. Individual nonU.S. holders described in the second bulletpoint above will be subject to a flat 30% U.S. federal income tax rate on the gain derived from the sale, which may be offset by U.S.source capital losses, eventhough such nonU.S. holders are not considered to be residents of the United States.A corporation will be a USRPHC if the fair market value of its U.S. real property interests equals or exceeds 50 percent of the aggregate of its real property interests(U.S. and nonU.S.) and its assets used or held for use in a trade or business. Because we do not currently own significant U.S. real property, we believe that we arenot currently and will not become a USRPHC. However, because the determination of whether we are a USRPHC depends on the fair market value of our U.S. realproperty relative to the fair market value of our other business assets, there can be no assurance that we will not become a USRPHC in the future. Even if we becomea USRPHC, however, as long as our common stock are regularly traded on an established securities market, such common stock will be treated as U.S. real propertyinterests only if a nonU.S. holder actually or constructively holds more than 5% of such regularly traded common stock at any time during the applicable period thatis specified in the Code.Foreign Account Tax ComplianceThe Foreign Account Tax Compliance provisions of the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act (generally referred to as “FATCA”), when applicable, willimpose a U.S. federal withholding tax of 30% on payments of dividends on, and (for dispositions after December 31, 2018) gross proceeds from dispositions of, ourcommon stock that are held through “foreign financial institutions” (which is broadly defined for this purpose and in general includes investment vehicles) andcertain other nonU.S. entities unless various U.S. information reporting and due diligence requirements (generally relating to ownership by U.S. persons of certaininterests in or accounts with those entities) have been satisfied or an exemption applies. An intergovernmental agreement between the United States and anapplicable foreign country may modify these requirements. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the effect, if any, of the FATCA provisions ontheir particular circumstances.78Table of ContentsInformation Reporting and Backup WithholdingPayments of dividends or of proceeds on the disposition of stock made to a holder of our common stock may be subject to information reporting and backupwithholding at a current rate of 24% unless such holder provides a correct taxpayer identification number on IRS Form W9 (or other appropriate withholding form)or establishes an exemption from backup withholding, for example by properly certifying the holder’s nonU.S. status on a Form W8BEN, Form W8BENE oranother appropriate version of IRS Form W8. Payments of dividends to holders must generally be reported annually to the IRS, along with the name and address ofthe holder and the amount of tax withheld, if any. A similar report is sent to the holder. Pursuant to applicable income tax treaties or other agreements, the IRS maymake these reports available to tax authorities in the holder’s country of residence.Backup withholding is not an additional tax; rather, the U.S. income tax liability of persons subject to backup withholding will be reduced by the amount of taxwithheld. If withholding results in an overpayment of taxes, a refund or credit may generally be obtained from the IRS, provided that the required information isfurnished to the IRS in a timely manner.F.Dividends and Paying AgentsNot applicable.G.Statement by ExpertsNot applicable.H.Documents on DisplayWe have filed this annual report on Form 20F with the SEC under the Exchange Act. Statements made in this report as to the contents of any document referred toare not necessarily complete. With respect to each such document filed as an exhibit to this report, reference is made to the exhibit for a more complete description ofthe matter involved, and each such statement shall be deemed qualified in its entirety by such reference.We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act as a foreign private issuer and file reports and other information with the SEC. Reports andother information filed by us with the SEC, including this report, may be inspected and copied at the public reference room of the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E.,Washington D.C. 20549. You can also obtain copies of this report by mail from the Public Reference Section of the SEC, 100 F. Street, N.E., Washington D.C. 20549, atprescribed rates. Additionally, copies of this material may be obtained from the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. The SEC’s telephone number is 1800SEC0330. In accordance with NASDAQ Stock Market Rule 5250(d), we will also post this annual report on Form 20F on our website at www.kbsfashion.com.As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of quarterly reports and proxy statements,and officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and shortswing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the ExchangeAct.I.Subsidiary InformationNot applicable.ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKInterest Rate RiskWe deposit surplus funds with Chinese banks earning daily interest. We do not invest in any instruments for trading purposes. Most of our outstanding debtinstruments carry fixed rates of interest. Our operations generally are not directly sensitive to fluctuations in interest rates and we currently do not have any longterm debt outstanding. Management monitors the banks’ prime rates in conjunction with our cash requirements to determine the appropriate level of debt balancesrelative to other sources of funds. We have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to interest rate risk.79Table of ContentsForeign Exchange RiskWhile our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar, substantially all of our consolidated revenues and consolidated costs and expenses are denominated in RMB.Substantially all of our assets are denominated in RMB. As a result, we are exposed to foreign exchange risk as our revenues and results of operations may beaffected by fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the RMB. If the RMB depreciates against the U.S. dollar, the value of our RMB revenues,earnings and assets as expressed in our U.S. dollar financial statements will decline. Assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates at the balance sheet datesand revenue and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates and equity is translated at historical exchange rates. Any resulting translation adjustmentsare not included in determining net income but are included in determining other comprehensive income, a component of equity. An average appreciation(depreciation) of the RMB against the U.S. dollar of 5% would increase (decrease) our comprehensive income by $0.93 million based on our outstanding revenues,costs and expenses, assets and liabilities denominated in RMB as of December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2018, our accumulated other comprehensive income was$1.8 million. We have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign exchange risk.The value of RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies is affected by, among other things, changes in China’s political and economic conditions. Since July2005, RMB has not been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Although the People’s Bank of China regularly intervenes in the foreign exchange market to prevent significantshortterm fluctuations in the exchange rate, RMB may appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the medium to long term. Moreover, itis possible that in the future, PRC authorities may lift restrictions on fluctuations in RMB exchange rate and lessen intervention in the foreign exchange market.InflationInflationary factors such as increases in the cost of our product and overhead costs may adversely affect our operating results. Although we do not believe thatinflation has had a material impact on our financial position or results of operations to date, a high rate of inflation in the future may have an adverse effect on ourability to maintain current levels of gross margin and selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net revenues if the selling prices of ourproducts do not increase with these increased costs.ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIESA.Debt SecuritiesNot applicable.B.Warrants and RightsNot applicable.C.Other SecuritiesNot applicable.D.American Depositary SharesWe do not have any American Depositary Shares.80Table of ContentsPART IIITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIESNone.ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDSNone.ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURESA.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresAn evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2018, was made under the supervision and with the participation ofour management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based on that evaluation, we concluded that our disclosure controls andprocedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms.B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a15(f) underthe Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding thereliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS and includes those policies and procedures that (1)pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of a company’s assets, (2) providereasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally acceptedaccounting principles, and that a company’s receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of a company’s management anddirectors, and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of a company’s assets thatcould have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.Because of its inherent limitations, a system of internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to consolidated financialstatement preparation and presentation and may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods aresubject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures maydeteriorate.As required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and related rules as promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission, our managementassessed the effectiveness of the our internal control over the financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, using criteria established in Internal Control — IntegratedFramework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment using those criteria, our managementconcluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2018.C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting FirmBecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer, this annual report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internalcontrol over financial reporting.81Table of ContentsD.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERTThe audit committee of our board of directors currently consists of three members, Matthew C. Los (who serves as chairman), John Sano andYuet Mei Chan. Ourboard of directors has determined that all of our audit committee members are “independent” under the Exchange Act and have the requisite financial knowledgeand experience to serve as members of our audit committee. In addition, our board of directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is an “audit committee financialexpert” as defined in Item 16A of the Instructions to Form 20F and meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements due to his current and past experience invarious companies in which he was responsible for, amongst others, the financial oversight responsibilities.ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICSOn October 25, 2014, our Audit Committee adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to all of the directors, officers and employees of the Company and its subsidiaries,including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer. The Code of Ethics addresses, among other things, honesty andethical conduct, conflicts of interest, compliance with laws, regulations and policies, including disclosure requirements under the federal securities laws,confidentiality, trading on inside information, and reporting of violations of the code. A copy of the Code of Ethics is filed as Exhibit 11.1 to the annual report onForm 20F filed on October 27, 2015 and is also available on our website at www.kbsfashion.com. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, there were nowaivers of our Code of Ethics.ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICESThe following table sets forth the aggregate fees by categories specified below in connection with services rendered by our principal external auditors for theperiods indicated.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,20182017Audit Fees*$120,000$110,000AuditRelated FeesTax FeesTOTAL$120,000$110,000*“Audit Fees” consisted of the aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements or services that arenormally provided by the accountant in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.Our Audit Committee preapproves all auditing services and permitted nonaudit services to be performed for us by our independent auditor, including the fees andterms thereof (subject to the de minimums exceptions for nonaudit services described in Section 10A(i)(l)(B) of the Exchange Act that are approved by our AuditCommittee prior to the completion of the audit). The percentage of services provided for which we paid auditrelated fees, tax fees, or other fees that were approvedby our Audit Committee pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(i)(C) of Rule 201 of Regulation SX promulgated by the SEC was 100%.ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEESPrior to July 10, 2017, in lieu of an audit committee comprised of three independent directors, our audit committee was comprised of two independent members of ourboard of directors. On July 10, 2017, the board of directors appointed Ms. Yuet Mei Chan as an independent director and a member of the audit committee. As aresult, we are in full compliance with the Nasdaq listing rules for the audit committee.82Table of ContentsITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERSThere were no purchases of equity securities made by or on behalf of us or any “affiliated purchaser” as defined in Rule 10b18 of the Exchange Act during theperiod covered by this Annual Report.ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANTNone.ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCEWe were incorporated in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (“RMI”) and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable RMI law, our articles ofincorporation and bylaws. In addition, because our common stock is listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements.NASDAQ Listing Rule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600,provided that such foreign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes thehome country practice followed in lieu of such requirement. The home country practices that we follow in lieu of NASDAQ’s corporate governance rules are asfollows:●we currently do not have a nominating committee or a compensation committee;●we did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in fiscal 2018; however, we may, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issuesthat require shareholders’ approvals; and●in lieu of obtaining shareholder approval prior to the adoption of an agreement pursuant to which stock may be acquired by officers, directors, employeesor consultants, the board of directors approves such adoption.ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURENot applicable.83Table of ContentsPART IIIITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTSWe have elected to provide financial statement pursuant to Item 18.ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTSThe financial statements are filed as part of this annual report beginning on page F1.ITEM 19.EXHIBITSExhibit No.Description1.1Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Amendment No. 4 to the registrant’s RegistrationStatement on Form F1 filed on October 24, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).1.2Articles of Amendment, filed with the Office of the Registrar of Corporations of Republic of the Marshall Islands on October 31, 2014(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant on October 27, 2015)1.3Articles of Amendment, filed with the Office of the Registrar of Corporations of Republic of the Marshall Islands on February 3, 2017(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Report on Form 6K furnished by the registrant on February 3, 2017)1.4Bylaws as amended on September 22, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.3 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant onOctober 27, 2015)2.1Specimen of Unit Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant on October 27,2015)2.2Specimen of Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant onOctober 27, 2015)2.3Specimen of Public Redeemable Warrant Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.3 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by theregistrant on October 27, 2015)2.4Specimen Placement Unit Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Amendment No. 3 to the registrant’s Registration Statement onForm F1 filed on October 15, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).2.5Specimen Placement Warrant Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Amendment No. 1 to the registrant’s RegistrationStatement on Form F1 filed on June 5, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).2.6Form of Warrant Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Amendment No. 4 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on FormF1 filed on October 24, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).2.7Form of Unit Purchase Option (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the Amendment No. 3 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on FormF1 filed on October 15, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).4.1Form of Registration Rights Agreement among the Registrant and the founders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Amendment No. 1to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F1 filed on June 5, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).4.2Form of Placement Unit Purchase Agreement between the registrant and the founders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the AmendmentNo. 4 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F1 filed on October 24, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).4.3Share Exchange Agreement and Plan of Liquidation, dated March 24, 2014, by and among Aquasition Corp., KBS International Holdings, Inc.,Hongri International Holdings Limited, Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registration Reporton Form 6K filed by the registrant on April 4, 2014)4.4Frist Amendment to Share Exchange Agreement and Plan of Liquidation, dated June 21, 2014 by and among Aquasition Corp., KBS InternationalHoldings, Inc., Hongri International Holdings Limited, Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (D)(3) toAmendment No.4 to the Schedule TO filed by the registrant on July 9, 2014)4.5Voting Agreement , dated August 1, 2014, by and among Aquasition Corp., Aquasition Investments Corp., Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to Shell Company Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant on August 7, 2014)84Table of ContentsExhibit No.Description4.6Form of Resale LockUp Agreement, dated August 1, 2014, by and among Aquasition Corp., Aquasition Investments Corp., Cheung So Wa, ChanSun Keung and other named parties(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.12 to Shell Company Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant onAugust 7, 2014)4.7Employee Agreement with Keyan Yan, dated August 1, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.13 to Shell Company Report on Form 20F filedby the registrant on August 7, 2014)4.8Employee Agreement with Lixia Tu, dated June 25, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.12 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by theregistrant on October 27, 2015)4.92018 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S8 filed by the registrant on December27, 2018)8.1List of the registrant’s subsidiaries (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 8.1 to Shell Company Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant onAugust 7, 2014)11.1Code of Ethics, adopted on October 25, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 11.1 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registranton October 27, 2015)12.1Certifications of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a14(a) or Rule 15d1(a)12.2Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a14(a) or Rule 15d1(a)13.1Certifications of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 200213.2Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 200215.1Consent from WWC, P.C., Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm101.INSXBRL Instance Document101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document85Table of ContentsSIGNATUREThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this report on its behalf. Date: April 30, 2019KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED/s/ Keyan YanKeyan YanChief Executive Officer86Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Financial StatementsFor the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016(Stated in US dollars)Table of ContentsCONTENTSPAGESREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMF2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/ (LOSS)F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITIONF4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITYF5CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSF6 – F7NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF8 – F59F1Table of ContentsREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo:The Board of Directors and Stockholders ofKBS Fashion Group LimitedOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of KBS Fashion Group Limited (the Company) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017,and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the threeyearperiod ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, inall material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of theyears in the threeyear period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International AccountingStandards Board.Emphasis of MatterThe Company incurred significant losses during the year ended December 31, 2018. The losses were related to the sale of products at discounted prices andimpairment loss charged during the year. During the year, the Company completed its cash management strategy that was put in place in 2017.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required tobe independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ WWC, P.C.WWC, P.C.Certified Public AccountantsWe have served as the Company’s auditor since April 25, 2016.San Mateo, CaliforniaApril 30, 2019F2Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income/ (Loss)For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016(Stated in U.S. Dollars)Year ended December 31,Notes201820172016Revenue818,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales9(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)Gross (loss)/profit(2,316,137)(11,511,816)2,158,273Other income10122,139461,564555,051Other gains and (losses)11(13,522,300)(122,243)(11,123,767)Distribution and selling expenses12(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)Administrative expenses13(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)Loss from operations(23,294,273)(19,317,272)(15,560,446)Finance costs14(96,444)(96,385)(71,783)Change in fair value of warrant liabilities313,409Loss before tax(23,390,717)(19,413,657)(15,628,820)Income tax income155,422,1194,598,0613,726,133Loss for the year16(17,968,598)(14,815,596)(11,902,687)Other comprehensive (loss) incomecurrency translation differences(3,071,697)4,810,715(6,125,433)Total comprehensive loss for the year(21,040,295)(10,004,881)(18,028,120)Loss per share of common stock attributable to the CompanyBasic19(8.06)(7.96)(6.80)Diluted19(8.06)(7.96)(6.80)Weighted average shares outstanding:Basic192,229,9151,860,8311,750,142Diluted192,229,9151,860,8311,750,142The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F3Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Financial PositionAs at December 31, 2018, and 2017(Stated in U.S. Dollars)As of December 31,Notes20182017Noncurrent assetsProperty, plant and equipmentnet2012,173,80827,824,523Prepayments and premiums under operating leases212,371,7352,568,199Prepayment for construction of new plant22Prepayment for acquisition of land use right23Land use rights24603,503648,652Deferred tax assets1514,688,8299,924,94429,837,87540,966,318Current assetsInventories251,245,8001,806,212Trade receivables268,122,22310,501,543Other receivables and prepayments26855,4731,901,268Subsidies prepaid to distributorsPrepayments and premiums under operating leases2178,53283,907Cash and cash equivalents2721,026,10326,050,45631,328,13140,343,386Total assets61,166,00681,309,704Current liabilitiesShort term bank loans301,092,7831,606,930Trade and other payables285,278,4605,451,830Related parties payables29445,614154,137Contract liabilities47,82869,6126,864,6857,282,509Noncurrent liabilityWarrant liabilities31Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,509EquityShare capital32227198Share premium328,000,5616,686,169Revaluation reserve33184,272184,272Statutory surplus reserve336,084,8366,084,836Retained profits3346,178,21364,146,811Foreign currency translation reserve33(6,146,788)(3,075,091)54,301,32174,027,195Total liabilities and equity61,166,00681,309,704The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F4Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Changes in EquityFor the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016(Stated in U.S. Dollars)ForeignStatutorycurrencyShareShareRevaluationsurplusRetainedtranslationcapitalpremiumreservereserveprofitsreserveTotal(Note 32)(Note 32)(Note 33)(Note 33)(Note 33)(Note 33)Balance at January 1, 20161705,627,2476,069,45790,880,473(1,760,373)100,816,974Reclassification of revaluation surplus184,272184,272Shares issued for stockbased compensation7428,993429,000Loss for the year(11,902,687)(11,902,687)Other comprehensive loss for the year(6,125,433)(6,125,433)Appropriation to statutory surplus reserve15,379(15,379)Balance at December 31, 20161776,056,240184,2726,084,83678,962,407(7,885,806)83,402,126Shares issued for stockbased compensation21629,929629,950Loss for the year(14,815,596)(14,815,596)Other comprehensive income for the year4,810,7154,810,715Balance at December 31, 20171986,686,169184,2726,084,83664,146,811(3,075,091)74,027,195Shares issued for stockbased compensation291,314,3921,314,421Loss for the year(17,968,598)(17,968,598)Other comprehensive loss for the year(3,071,697)(3,071,697)Balance at December 31, 20182278,000,561184,2726,084,83646,178,213(6,146,788)54,301,321The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F5Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Cash FlowsFor the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016(Stated in U.S. Dollars)Year ended December 31,201820172016OPERATING ACTIVITIESLoss for the year(17,968,598)(14,815,596)(11,902,687)Adjustments for:Sharebased payment1,314,420629,950429,000Finance cost96,44496,38571,783Change in fair value of warrant liabilities(3,409)Interest income(71,693)(81,517)(85,482)Depreciation of property, plant and equipment1,521,7251,510,2131,942,735Amortization of prepaid lease payments and trademark14,54514,30719,009Amortization of subsidies prepaid to distributors401,259910,537Amortization of prepayments and premiums under operating leases107,088105,340118,783Provision/(reversal) of inventory obsolescence196,124101,256(1,667)Bad debt provision of trade receivables331,196Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment9402,4181,441Provision of impairment loss in property, plant and equipment13,311,557Provision of impairment loss in prepayments11,649,038Operating cash flows before movements in working capital(1,477,448)(12,035,985)3,480,277Decrease in trade and other receivables1,941,33613,983,7817,265,940Decrease in inventories294,204669,923889,384Increase/(decrease) in trade and other payables2,036522,839(1,080,978)(Decrease)/increase in income tax payable(263,333)155,632Increase in deferred tax assets(5,422,119)(4,598,061)(3,779,923)Prepayments and premiums paid under operating leases958,6383,645,471(1,761,155)Subsidies prepaid to distributors(910,537)CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES(3,703,353)1,924,6354,258,640Income tax paid(2,385)(1,064,351)NET CASH FROM/(USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES(3,703,353)1,922,2503,194,289INVESTING ACTIVITIESInterest received71,69381,51785,482Purchase of property, plant and equipment(18,761)(946,882)(40,037)NET CASH FROM/(USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES52,932(865,365)45,445The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F6Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Cash FlowsFor the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016(Stated in U.S. Dollars)Year ended December 31,201820172016FINANCING ACTIVITIESInterest paid(96,444)(96,385)(71,783)New bank loans raised1,130,8401,557,3361,578,289Repayment of borrowings(1,583,175)(1,557,336)Advance from related party299,542387,030173,003Repayment to related party(7,633)(1,386,555)NET CASH FROM/(USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS(3,907,291)(39,025)4,919,243Effects of currency translation(1,117,062)1,513,140(1,556,982)CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF YEAR26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR21,026,10326,050,45624,576,341The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F7Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements1.GENERAL INFORMATIONOn January 26, 2012, Aquasition Investments Corp (“Company”) was organized as a blank check company pursuant to the laws of the Republic of theMarshall Islands for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, or similar acquisition transaction,one or more operating businesses or assets.On March 24, 2014, the Company entered into a Share Exchange Agreement and Plan of Liquidation (the “Agreement”) among KBS International Holdings,Inc. (“KBS”), a Nevada corporation, Hongri International Holdings Ltd (“Hongri”), a company organized under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, andCheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, the principal shareholders of KBS.On August 1, 2014, the share exchange was completed. In order to align with the brand and operations of the entities acquired pursuant to the Agreement,the Company changed its name from Aquasition Investments Corp to KBS Fashion Group Limited.The Company’s units which are comprised of one share of common stock and one warrant are traded on the NASDAQ Capital Markets. The Company’strading symbol is KBSF.The acquisition was accounted for as a reverse merger and recapitalization where the Company, the legal acquirer is the accounting acquiree, and KBS, thelegal acquiree, was the accounting acquirer.Description of Subsidiaries:Hongri International Holdings Limited (the “Hongri”), formerly known as Wah Ying International Investment Inc., was incorporated in the British VirginIslands (the “BVI”) on July 8, 2008 as a limited liability company with authorized share capital of $50,000, divided into 50,000 common shares with $1 parvalue. Up through December 31, 2010, 10,000 common shares had been issued at par. On January 27, 2011, the Company issued an additional 10,000common shares for cash consideration at $77 per share. The principal activity of the Company is investment holding. Hongri a directly wholly ownedsubsidiary of the Company.France Cock (China) Limited (“France Cock”) was incorporated in Hong Kong on September 21, 2005 as a limited liability company with authorized capitalof HK$10,000, divided into 10,000 common shares with par value of HK$1. The capital has been fully paid up. The principal activity of France Cock is theholding of intellectual property rights such as trademarks. France Cock owns the Company’s trademarks, including “KBS” and “Kabiniao”. France Cock is adirectly wholly owned subsidiary of Hongri.F8Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsRoller Rome Limited (“Roller Rome”) was incorporated in the BVI on March 28, 2006 as a limited liability company with authorized share capital of $50,000,divided into 50,000 common shares with par value of $1. The principal activity of Roller Rome is the provision of design and development services forsports apparel. Roller Rome is a directly wholly owned subsidiary of Hongri.Vast Billion Investment Limited (“Vast Billion”) was incorporated in Hong Kong on November 25, 2010 as a limited liability company with authorized sharecapital of HK$10,000 divided into 10,000 ordinary shares with HK$1par value. One ordinary share has been issued at par. Vast Billion is an investmentholding company, and is a directly wholly owned subsidiary of Hongri.Hongri (Fujian) Sports Goods Co. Ltd. (“Hongri Fujian”) was established in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”) on November 17, 2005 with aregistered and paid up capital of RMB 5,000,000. On March 24, 2011, Hongri Fujian increased registered capital from RMB 70,000,000 to RMB75,000,000. Asof September 30, 2011, the paid up capital was RMB 39,551,860. Hongri Fujian is engaged in the design, manufacture, marketing, and sale of apparel in thePRC. Hongri Fujian is a directly wholly owned subsidiary of Vast Billion.Anhui Kai Xin Apparel Company Limited (“Anhui Kai Xin”) was established in the PRC on March 16, 2011 with a registered and paid up capital of RMB1,000,000. Anhui Kai Xin is a wholly owned subsidiary of Hongri Fujian. Anhui Kai Xin provides contracting manufacturing services for companies in thesports apparel business.2.GROUP ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSThe Group structure as at the reporting date is as follows:F9Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements3.APPLICATION OF NEW AND REVISED INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (“IFRS”)Except as described below, for the year ended December 31, 2018 the Company has consistently adopted all the new and revised standards, amendmentsand interpretations (collectively IFRSs) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and the IFRS Interpretations Committee(formerly known as “International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee” (“IFRIC”)) of the IASB that are effective for financial year beginning onJanuary 1, 2018 in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements throughout the year.IFRS 2 (amendments) Classification and Measurement of Sharebased Payment TransactionsIAS 40 (amendments) Transfers of Investment PropertyAnnual improvements to IFRSs 2014–2016 cycleAmendments to IAS 28 Investments in Associates and Joint VenturesAmendments to IFRS 11: Accounting for acquisitions of interests in joint operationsIFRIC 22 Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance ConsiderationAmendments to IAS 16 and IAS 38: Clarification of acceptable methods of depreciation and amortizationAmendment to IAS 27: Equity method in separate financial statementsAmendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and IAS 28: Investment entities: applying the consolidation exceptionAmendments to IAS 1: Disclosure initiativeOther than as explained below regarding the impact of IFRS 9 and IFRS 15, the adoption of the above new and revised standards had no significantfinancial effect on these financial statements. Other standards, amendments and interpretations which are effective for the financial year beginning onJanuary 1, 2018 are not material to the Group.F10Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsIFRS 9, Financial instrumentsThe Company has initially adopted IFRS 9, Financial instruments from January 1, 2018. IFRS 9 replaces IAS 39, Financial instruments: recognition andmeasurement. It sets out requirements for recognising and measuring financial assets, financial liabilities and some contracts to buy or sell nonfinancialitems.Based on the assessment by the Company, there is no significant cumulative effect of the initial application of IFRS 9 at January 1, 2018 in accordance withthe transition requirement.Classification and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities IFRS 9 contains three principal classification and measurement categories forfinancial assets: amortised cost, FVOCI, and fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”).The classification for debt instruments is determined based on the entity’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual cash flowcharacteristics of the asset. A debt instrument will be measured at amortised cost if the instrument is held for the collection of contractual cash flows whichrepresent solely payments of principal and interest. Interest income from the debt instrument is calculated using the effective interest method.For equity instruments, the classification is FVTPL regardless of the entity’s business model. The only exception is if the equity instrument is not held fortrading and the entity irrevocably elects to designate that instrument as FVOCI. If an equity instrument is designated as FVOCI then only dividend incomeon that instrument will be recognised in profit or loss. Gains or losses on that instrument will be recognised in other comprehensive income withoutrecycling through profit or loss.For an explanation of how the Group classifies and measures financial assets and recognises related gains and losses under IFRS 9, see note 4, significantaccounting policies.The measurement categories and carrying amounts for all financial liabilities at January 1, 2018 have not been impacted by the initial application of IFRS 9.The Group did not designate or redesignate any financial asset or financial liability at FVTPL at January 1, 2018.Further, IFRS 9 replaces the “incurred loss” model in IAS 39 with an ECL model. The ECL model requires an ongoing measurement of credit risk associatedwith a financial asset and therefore recognises credit losses earlier than under the “incurred loss” model in IAS 39.F11Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsFor further details on the Group’s accounting policy for accounting for credit losses, see note 4, significant accounting policies.The Group has concluded that there is no material impact for the initial application of the new impairment requirements.IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with CustomersIFRS 15 establishes a fivestep model comprehensive framework for the recognition of revenue from contracts with customer: (i) identify the contract; (ii)identify performance obligations; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recogniserevenue when (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied, i.e. when “control” of the goods or services underlying the particular performance obligation istransferred to the customer. IFRS 15 replaced IAS 18 Revenue, IAS 11 Construction Contracts and related interpretations.IFRS 15 also introduces additional qualitative and quantitative disclosure requirements which aim to enable users of the financial statements to understandthe nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.The Company’s business model is straight forward and its contracts with customers for the sale of goods include only single performance obligation. TheCompany has concluded that revenue from sale should be recognised at the point of time when a customer obtains control of goods. The Company hasconcluded that the initial application of IFRS 15 does not have a significant impact on the Company’s revenue recognition.Under IFRS 15, a contract liability, is recognised when a customer pays consideration, or is contractually required to pay consideration and the amount isalready due, before the Company recognises the related revenue, or when the Company receives consideration from a customer and expects to refund someor all of that consideration to the customer (i.e. refund liability). To reflect this change in presentation, contract liabilities, including receipts in advance fromcustomers and refund liabilities are now separately presented as contract liabilities at December 31, 2018, as a result of the adoption of IFRS 15.F12Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsAt the date these consolidated financial statements are authorized for issuance, the IASB has issued the following new and revised InternationalAccounting Standards (“IASs”), IFRSs, amendments and IFRICs which are not yet effective in respect of the years. The Company has not early applied thefollowing new and revised standards, amendments or interpretations that have been issued but are not yet effective:IFRS 16 Leases(1)IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts(2)Amendments to IFRS 9 Prepayment Features with Negative Compensation(1)Amendments to IAS 28 Longterm Interests in Associates and Joint Ventures(1)Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2015–2017 Cycle Amendments to IFRS 3 Business Combinations, IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements, IAS 12 IncomeTaxes and IAS 23 Borrowing Costs(1)Amendments to IAS 19 Employee Benefits Plan Amendment, Curtailment or Settlement(1)IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements and IAS 28 (amendments) Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or JointVenture(3)IFRIC 23 Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments(1)(1) Effective for the accounting period beginning on January 1, 2019.(2) Effective for the accounting period beginning on January 1, 2021.(3) The effective date of the amendments has yet to be set by the IASBThe Company will apply the above new standards and amendments to standards when they become effective. The Company is in the process of making anassessment of the impact of the above new standards and amendments to standards.In relation to IFRS 16, the standard will result in almost all leases being recognised on the balance sheet, as the distinction between operating and financeleases is removed. Under the new standard, an asset (the right to use the leased item) and a financial liability to pay rentals are recognised. The onlyexceptions are shortterm and lowvalue leases. The accounting for lessors will not significantly change. The standard will affect primarily the accountingfor Company’s operating leases. As at the reporting date, the Company has noncancellable operating lease commitments of 2,450,267, see Note 34.However, the Company has not yet determined to what extent these commitments will result in the recognition of an asset and a liability for future paymentsand how this will affect the Group’s profit and classification of cash flows. Some of the commitments may be covered by the exception for shortterm andlow value leases and some commitments may relate to arrangements that will not qualify as leases under IFRS 16.The standard is mandatory for accounting periods commencing on or after January 1, 2019. At this stage, the Company does not intend to adopt thestandard before its effective date.There are no other standards and interpretations in issue but not yet adopted that the directors anticipate will have a material effect on the consolidatedfinancial statements of the Company.F13Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements4.SIGNIFCANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESThe principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial statements are set out below. The policies have been consistently applied to allthe years presented, unless otherwise stated.Basis of preparationThe consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis and in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. The principalaccounting policies are set out below.Basis of consolidationThe consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the Company and entities controlled by the Company (its subsidiaries).Control is achieved where the Company has the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities.Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies into line with those used by othermembers of the Group.All intragroup transactions, balances, income and expenses are eliminated on consolidation.Foreign currenciesFunctional and presentation currencyItems included in the financial statements are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the“functional currency”).The Group conducts its business predominately in the PRC and hence its functional currency is the Renminbi (RMB).F14Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsTranslation from RMB to USD found place at the following rates:Period end ratesAverage ratesDecember 31, 2016USD 1.00= RMB 6.9370USD 1.00=RMB 6.6528 December 31, 2017USD 1.00= RMB 6.5924USD 1.00=RMB 6.7423December 31, 2018USD 1.00= RMB 6.8632USD 1.00=RMB 6.6322Translation from HKD to USD found place at the following rates:Period end ratesAverage ratesDecember 31, 2016USD 1.00= HKD 7.7552USD 1.00=HKD 7.7614December 31, 2017USD 1.00= HKD 7.8170USD 1.00=HKD 7.7928December 31, 2018USD 1.00= HKD 7.8329USD 1.00=HKD 7.8636The results and financial positions in functional currency are translated into the presentation currency, USD, of the Company as follows:(1)Assets and liabilities for each balance sheet presented are translated at the closing rate at the date of that balance sheet;(2)Income and expenses for each income statement are translated at average exchange rates (unless this average is not a reasonable approximation ofthe cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and expenses are translated at the dates of thetransactions);(3)Share equity, share premium and dividends are translated at historical exchange rates; and(4)All resulting exchange differences are recognized in foreign currency translation reserve, a separate component of equity.All financial information presented in USD has been rounded to the nearest dollar, except when otherwise indicated.Segment reportingOperating segments, and the amounts of each segment item reported in the financial statements, are identified from the financial information providedregularly to the Group’s most senior executive management for the purposes of allocating resources to, and assessing the performance of, the Group’svarious lines of business and geographical locations.F15Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsIndividually material operating segments are not aggregated for financial reporting purposes unless the segments have similar economic characteristics andare similar in respect of the nature of products and services, the nature of production processes, the type or class of customers, the methods used todistribute the products or provide the services, and the nature of the regulatory environment. Operating segments which are not individually material maybe aggregated if they share a majority of these criteria. The Group’s three segments are wholesale, retail and contract manufacturing.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects theconsideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled inexchange for transferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it ishighly probable that a significant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with thevariable consideration is subsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to thecustomer for more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would bereflected in a separate financing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financingcomponent which provides the Company a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interestexpense accreted on the contract liability under the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer andthe transfer of the promised goods or services is one year or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component,using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of thegoods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cashreceipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associatedwith the dividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. F16Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsRevenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer.Revenue from all above categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goodssold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respectof the transaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered, and title has passed.Contract liabilities (applicable from 1 January 2018)A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Group has received a consideration (or an amount ofconsideration that is due) from the customer. If a customer pays the consideration before the Group transfers goods or services to the customer, a contractliability is recognised when the payment is made or the payment is due (whichever is earlier). Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the Groupperforms under the contract.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting thedeductible input VAT of the period, is VAT payable.F17Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantialperiod of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for theirintended use or sale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal governmentretirement benefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fundtheir retirement benefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal governmenttakes responsibility for the retirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly,the only obligation of the Group with respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employmentwith the Group. There are no provisions under the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans areconsidered defined contribution plans. The Group has no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixedcontributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pension schemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service isperformed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to itemsrecognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity,respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries wherethe Group operates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in whichapplicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the taxauthorities.F18Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsDeferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences.Deferred tax assets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be availableagainst which those deductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary differencearises from goodwill or from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neitherthe taxable profit nor the accounting profit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able tocontrol the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assetsarising from deductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will besufficient taxable profits against which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable thatsufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized,based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred taxliabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, torecover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities andwhen the deferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or differenttaxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly inequity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax ordeferred tax arises from the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.F19Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsStore preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll andsupplies. The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenseswhen occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All otherleases are classified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes.Leasehold improvements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposesother than construction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful livesand after taking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction inprogress is carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant andequipment when completed and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when theassets are ready for their intended use.An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued useof the asset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carryingamount of the item) is included in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.F20Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsThe Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights touse the land on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizablevalue represents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fairvalue through profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s businessmodel for managing them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has appliedthe practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus inthe case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financingcomponent or for which the Group has applied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance withthe policies set out for “Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cashflows that are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell theasset. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established byregulation or convention in the marketplace.F21Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsSubsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses arerecognised in the income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversalsare recognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair valuechanges are recognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive incomeis recycled to the income statement.F22Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsFinancial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. Theclassification is determined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statementwhen the right of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and theamount of the dividend can be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financialasset, in which case, such gains are recorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensiveincome are not subject to impairment assessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair valuethrough profit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they areacquired for the purpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held fortrading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interestare classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to beclassified at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair valuethrough profit or loss on initial recognition if doing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised inthe income statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separatederivative if the economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embeddedderivative would meet the definition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives aremeasured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms ofthe contract that significantly modifies the cash flows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value throughprofit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference betweenthe contractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation ofthe original effective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that areintegral to the contractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs areprovided for credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for whichthere has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life ofthe exposure, irrespective of the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).F23Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsAt each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. Whenmaking the assessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a defaultoccurring on the financial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available withoutundue cost or effort, including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also considera financial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts infull before taking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation ofrecovering the contractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the generalapproach and they are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach asdetailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured atan amount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets andfor which the loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the lossallowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsSimplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect ofa significant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not trackchanges in credit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrixthat is based on its historical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt thesimplified approach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed fromthe Group’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to whatextent, it has retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset nor transferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement.In that case, the Group also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects therights and obligations that the Group has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and themaximum amount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. TheGroup’s financial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.F24Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsSubsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate methodunless the effect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement whenthe liabilities are derecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effectiveinterest rate. The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability aresubstantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and thedifference between the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceablelegal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to thecontractual provisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue offinancial assets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initialrecognition.F25Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements(1)Financial assetsThe Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period.The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form anintegral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, whereappropriate, a shorter period to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.ReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including tradeand other receivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, lessany impairment (see accounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, asa result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have beenaffected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequentlyassessed for impairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience ofcollecting payments, and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national orlocal economic conditions that correlate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between theasset’s carrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.F26Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsThe carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables,where the carrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized inprofit or loss. When a trade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries ofamounts previously written off are credited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairmentlosses was recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset atthe date the impairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and on hand, demand deposits with banks and other financial institutions, and shortterm, highly liquidinvestments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, having been withinthree months of maturity at acquisition(2)Financial liabilities and equityFinancial liabilities and equity instruments issued by a group entity are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered intoand the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Group after deducting all of its liabilities.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period.The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form anintegral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or, whereappropriate, a shorter period to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.F27Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsInterest expense is recognized on an effective interest basis.Financial liabilitiesFinancial liabilities including trade and other payables, related parties payables and shortterm loans are subsequently measured at amortized cost, usingthe effective interest method.Equity instrumentsEquity instruments issued by the group entities are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.(3)DerecognitionFinancial assets are derecognized when the rights to receive cash flows from the assets expire or, the financial assets are transferred and the Group hastransferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial assets. On derecognition of a financial asset, the difference between theasset’s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognized in profit or loss.Financial liabilities are derecognized when the obligation specified in the relevant contract is discharged, cancelled or expires. The difference between thecarrying amount of the financial liability derecognized and the consideration paid and payable is recognized in profit or loss.Capital and ReservesShare capital represents the nominal value of shares that have been issued by the Group. Share capital is determined using the nominal value of shares thathave been issued.Retained profits include all current and prior period results as determined in the combined statement of comprehensive income.Foreign currency translation reserve arising on the translation are included in the currency translation reserve.In accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of PRC, the subsidiaries of the Group established in PRC are required to transfer 10% of its annualstatutory net profit (after offsetting any prior years’ losses) to the statutory reserve. When the balance of such reserve reaches 50% of the subsidiary’sshare capital, any further transfer of its annual statutory net profit is optional. Such reserve may be used to offset accumulated losses or to increase theregistered capital of the subsidiary subject to the approval of the relevant authorities. However, except for offsetting prior years’ losses, such statutoryreserve must be maintained at a minimum of 25% of the share capital after such usage. The statutory reserves are not available for dividend distribution tothe shareholders.F28Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsAll transactions with owners of the Group are recorded separately within equity.Earnings/(loss) per shareBasic earnings per share (“EPS”) are computed by dividing income attributable to holders of common shares by the weighted average number of commonshares outstanding during the year. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common shares wereexercised or converted into common shares. Potential dilutive securities are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS in loss periods as their effectwould be antidilutive.5.SIGNIFICANT MANAGEMENT JUDGEMENT IN APPLYING ACCOUNTING POLICIESThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to exercise judgment in the process of applying the Group’saccounting policies and requires the use of accounting estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosureof contingent assets and liabilities at the date of financial statements and reported amount of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Thefollowing estimates that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets and liabilities within the next financial yearare disclosed below.Provision for expected credit losses on trade receivablesThe Group estimates the loss allowances for trade receivables by assessing the ECLs. This requires the use of estimates and judgements. ECLs are basedon the Group’s historical credit loss experience, adjusted for factors that are specific to the debtors, and an assessment of both the current and forecastgeneral economic conditions at the end of reporting period. Where the estimation is different from the previous estimate, such difference will affect thecarrying amounts of trade receivables and thus the impairment loss in the period in which such estimate is changed. The Group keeps assessing theexpected credit loss of trade receivables during their expected lives.Impairment LossesImpairment losses are based on an assessment of the investment or longlived assets’ ability to generate future cash flows when there is evidence thatthese assets may be impaired. The calculation of the amount of impairment loss are based on estimates made by management when applying broadaccounting principles governing the accounting for these assets. The determination of these estimates requires judgment by management. The finaloutcome may differ from the original estimates made by management, which may impact the carrying value of the assets which management has determinedto be impaired and charged to the Company’s profit loss during the period.F29Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsIncome TaxThe Group has exposure to income taxes in numerous jurisdictions. Significant judgment is involved in determining the Group’s provision for income taxes.There are certain transactions and computations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain during the ordinary course of business. The Grouprecognizes liabilities for expected tax issues based on estimates of whether additional taxes will be due. Where the final tax outcome of these matters isdifferent from the amounts that were initially recognized, such differences will impact the income tax and differed tax provisions in the period in which suchdetermination is made. The carrying amount of the Group’s income tax payable as at December 31, 2018 and 2017 amounted to $nil and $nil, respectively.6.KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTYIn the application of the Group’s accounting policies, which are described in Note 4, management is required to make estimates and assumptions about thecarrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based onhistorical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which theestimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and futureperiods.The following are the key assumptions concerning the future, and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the end of the reporting period, that havea significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets within the next financial year.Depreciation of building, machinery and equipmentAs described in Note 4, the Group reviews the estimated useful lives and residual values of property, plant and equipment at the end of each reportingperiod. The cost of building, machinery and equipment is depreciated on a straightline basis over the assets’ estimated useful lives. Managementestimates the useful lives of these buildings, machinery and equipment to be within 5 to 20 years. These are the common life expectancies applied in thesame industry. Changes in the expected level of usage and technological developments could impact the economic useful lives and the residual values ofthese assets, therefore future depreciation charges could be revised.F30Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsFair value of warrantsThe fair value of warrants was determined using a binomiallattice model. This model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including pricevolatility of the underlying stock. Changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the estimate of fair value of the warrants and theCompany’s results of operations could be impacted. This model is dependent upon several variables such as the instrument’s expected term, expectedstrike price, expected riskfree interest rate over the expected instrument term, the expected dividend yield rate over the expected instrument term, and theexpected volatility of the Company’s stock price over the expected term. The expected term represents the period of time that the instruments granted areexpected to be outstanding. The expected strike price is based upon a weighted average probability analysis of the strike price changes expected during theterm as a result of the down round protection. The riskfree rates are based on U.S. Treasury securities with similar maturities as the expected terms of theoptions at the date of valuation. Expected dividend yield is based on historical trends. The Company measures volatility using the volatility rates of marketindex.Impairment of nonfinancial assetsProperty, plant and equipment are tested for impairment whenever there is any objective evidence or indication that these assets may be impaired.For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the valueinuse) is determined on anindividual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. If this is the case, therecoverable amount is determined for the cashgeneratingunit (“CGU”) to which the asset belongs.If the recoverable amount of the asset (or CGU) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or CGU) is reduced to itsrecoverable amount.The difference between the carrying amount and recoverable amount is recognized as an impairment loss in the income statement, unless the asset iscarried at revalued amount, in which case, such impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.An impairment loss for an asset other than goodwill is reversed if, and only if, there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the asset’srecoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The carrying amount of this asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount,provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortization or depreciation) hadno impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years.F31Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsA reversal of impairment loss for an asset other than goodwill is recognized in the income statement, unless the asset is carried at revalued amount, inwhich case, such reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, the Company recognized impairment losses of $nil, $nil, and $4,659,838, respectively, for itsprepayments for acquisition of land use rights. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, the Company recognized impairment losses of$nil, $nil, and $6,989,200, respectively, for its related prepayments for construction on such land. The impairment reflects the current reduction in the valueof the investment as a result of the delay in time to complete the construction projects and delay in procurement of legal certificates that would lead to theassets being put into service that would give rise to expected future profitability which at December 31, 2018, has been temporarily postponed beyond thenext operating period. The impairment losses charged to the prepayments has brought the carrying values to their respective recoverable amount in its fairvalue less costs to sell.During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, the Company recognized impairment losses of $13,311,557, $nil, and $nil, respectively, for a partof its factory plant in Anhui that is not currently in use. The impairment reflects the current reduction in the value of the carrying cost as a result of thecompany’s evaluation of the recoverability of its investment. The impairment losses charged to the factory plant has brought the carrying values to theirrespective recoverable amount in its fair value less costs to sell.For the prepayment for acquisition of land use rights, the Company provided an estimate of its fair value based on the market value substitution rule. Theestimated fair value belongs to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because the input is determined through quoted prices of similar assets without anactively quoted market. Using the market approach, the Company compares the price of the land use right that the Company intended to acquire with theprice of similar land use rights in the same geographical area, adjusted by factors such as price index, frequency of actual transactions conducted,environmental conditions, etc. Significant assumptions used in this estimation include the ability to legally obtain such land use rights, the usage of land asindustrial use, the date of transaction at year end, etc. As a result, the Company provided an estimate in the amount of $5,154,034. Finally, the fair value isreduced by estimated costs to sell which include, but not limited to, legal costs, stamp duty, similar transaction tax, etc. in the amount of $379,971. The netvalue is then compared to the carrying value, and the difference is recorded as impairment loss in the amount of $1,317,295 in 2015. In 2016, since there is noprogress in regards to the acquisition of land use rights, the Company provided further impairment to bring the carrying value down to $0 as management isunable to assert the recoverability of such asset.F32Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsFor the prepayment for construction, the Company provided an estimate of its fair value based on the time value approach. The estimated fair valuebelongs to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because the input is not easily observable. Using this approach, the Company calculates the time value ofmoney of the amount prepaid based on the Company’s weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) in order to arrive at its fair value. The Company usesthis approach to determine its recoverable amount because such prepayments are not readily resalable, and the ability to realize this amount is contingentupon the Company’s ability to successfully acquire the land use right as mentioned above. Significant assumptions used in this estimation include usingthe WACC, which is comprised of the Company’s metrics of return of equity, return of debt, the relevant weights of the returns of equity and debt, and taxrate, in determining the fair value. As a result, as at December 31, 2015, the Company provided an estimate in the amount of $7,160,523. Since this asset isnot resalable, the company estimated costs to sell for this asset in the amount of $0. The net value is then compared to the carrying value, and thedifference is recorded as impairment loss in the amount of $1,248,039 in 2015. In 2017, since there was no progress in regards to the construction, theCompany provided further impairment to bring the carrying value down to $0 as management is unable to assert the recoverability of such asset.For the factory plant, the Company provided an estimate of its fair value based on the time value approach. The estimated fair value belongs to Level 3 ofthe fair value hierarchy because the input is not easily observable. Using this approach, the Company calculates the time value of money of the amountrecoverable based on the Company’s weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) in order to arrive at its fair value. The Company uses this approach todetermine its recoverable amount because a part of the factory plant is not readily resalable. Significant assumptions used in this estimation include usingthe WACC, which is comprised of the Company’s metrics of return of equity, return of debt, the relevant weights of the returns of equity and debt, and taxrate, in determining the fair value. As a result, as at December 31, 2018, the Company recorded as impairment loss in the amount of $13,311,557 in 2018,which brings the carrying value of the part of the factory plant not in use down to $0 as management is unable to assert the recoverability of such asset.F33Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements7.SEGMENT REPORTINGManagement currently identifies the Group’s three sales models as operating segments, which are wholesale, retail and contract manufacturing. Thesegment presentation is in accordance with management’s expectation of future business developments. These operating segments are monitored andstrategic decisions are made on the basis of segmental gross margins.WholesaleRetailSubcontractingConsolidatedFor the year ended December 31,For the year ended December 31,For the year ended December31,For the year ended December 31,By business201820172016201820172016201820172016201820172016Sales to externalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment revenue13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment grossmargins/(loss)2,245,9442,277,8586,504,893(5,402,994)(14,291,680)(5,668,061)840,914502,0071,321,441(2,316,137)(11,511,815)2,158,273Reconcilingitems(21,074,580)(7,901,842)(17,787,093)Profit/(loss)before tax(23,390,717)(19,413,657)(15,628,820)Income taxincome/(expense)5,422,1194,598,0613,726,133Profit/(loss) forthe year(17,968,598)(14,815,596)(11,902,687)As of December 31, 2018Wholesale andRetailSubcontractingUnallocatedConsolidatedCurrent assets27,287,5906,394,81417,46233,699,866Noncurrent assets7,864,39119,601,74927,466,140Total assets35,151,98125,996,56317,46261,166,006Current liabilities3,417,6551,590,5641,856,4676,864,685Total liabilities3,417,6551,590,5641,856,4676,864,685As of December 31, 2017Wholesale andRetailSubcontractingUnallocatedConsolidatedCurrent assets34,036,8836,284,11822,38440,343,385Noncurrent assets8,987,85731,978,46240,966,319Total assets43,024,74038,262,58022,38481,309,704Current liabilities3,722,2771,995,1641,565,0687,282,509Total liabilities3,722,2771,995,1641,565,0687,282,509Geographical informationThe Group’s operations are located in the PRC and all of the Group’s revenue is derived from sales to customers in the PRC. Hence, no analysis bygeographical area of operations is provided.F34Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsInformation about major customersMajor distributors that make up 10% or more of wholesale revenue are as below:Year ended December 31,201820172016Distributor A1,331,1941,454,8623,782,718Other distributors12,253,56013,579,93828,344,36513,584,75415,034,80032,127,083Information about major suppliersMajor suppliers that make up 10% or more of purchases are as below:Year ended December 31,201820172016Supplier A3,031,3102,403,3096,655,740Supplier B2,879,1105,424,342Supplier C1,530,4294,083,924Supplier D3,023,297Supplier E1,714,468Supplier F1,684,743Supplier G1,684,910Other suppliers2,901,9825,065,5636,436,80910,497,31212,398,51225,624,1128.REVENUEYear ended December 31,201820172016ApparelWholesale13,584,75415,034,80032,127,083Retail2,375,7736,983,5925,529,985Subtotal15,960,52722,018,39237,657,068Subcontracting2,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Revenue is denominated only in USD.F35Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements9.COST OF SALESCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for productionpurpose, outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges, and water and electricity. The following table shows a breakdown of cost of sales for theperiods presented for each category:Year ended December 31,201820172016Changes in inventories of finished goods and work in progress(24,474)227,132(302,979)Materials consumed in production29,61941,057120,847Purchases of finished goods19,044,58233,877,59836,567,197Labor1,061,943602,1961,313,120Depreciation352,739370,858236,578Rental452Taxes and surcharges *75,736157,314253,039Water and electricity62,02752,79648,557Inventory provision196,1248320Others128,773120,886238,562Foreign currency translation difference(76,269)(175,493)566,69120,851,25235,274,35239,041,932* Tax and surcharges are mainly Urban Maintenance and Construction Tax (7% of Valued Added Tax payment amount), Extra Charges of Education Fund(3% of Valued Added Tax payment amount) and Local Surcharge for Education Fund (2% of Valued Added Tax payment amount).10.OTHER INCOMEYear ended December 31,201820172016Government grant367,260469,569Interest income on bank deposits71,69381,51785,482Other50,44612,787122,139461,564555,05111.OTHER GAINS AND (LOSSES)Year ended December 31,201820172016Gain on disposals of property, plant and equipment1,38017110,541Foreign exchange gain(49)(48)54Provision / reversal of inventory obsolescence(196,124)(101,256)(1,667)Bad debt provision of trade receivables(331,196)Impairment of prepayments in land purchase and related construction(11,649,038)Impairment of property(13,311,557)Others(15,950)(21,110)847,539(13,522,300)(122,243)(11,123,767)F36Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements12.DISTRIBUTION AND SELLING EXPENSESYear ended December 31,201820172016Rental16,06621,52730,225Depreciation1,2182,680490,527Labor275,026258,233211,274Subsidy to distributors787,064773,238910,537Promotion15,62332,216137,210Advertisement1,152,1761,591,7421,554,023Others423,782585,744272,2142,670,9553,265,3803,606,01013.ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSEYear ended December 31,201820172016Labor2,193,1201,600,3801,170,013Audit fee122,908216,281(33,997)Professional fee69,63977,75475,609Design fee648,632937,478465,120Depreciation and amortization charges1,185,2571,149,4551,163,293Bank charges8,13018,35212,943Rental75,90774,66875,673Travelling and entertainment2,662107,56644,874Others600,765697,463570,4654,907,0204,879,3973,543,99314.FINANCE COSTSYear ended December 31,201820172016Interest expenses on bank borrowingswholly repayable within one year96,44496,38571,783Bank borrowings interests are charged at a rate of 6.09% per annum for the bank loan that was fully repaid in 2018.Bank borrowings interests are charged at a rate of 6.09% per annum for the current bank loan.F37Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements15.INCOME TAX (INCOME)/ EXPENSEor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:●the gain is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States by such non U.S. holder, and, if an income tax treaty applies,is attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by such nonU.S. holder in the U.S.;●the nonU.S. holder is an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the disposition, and certain otherconditions are met; or●We are or have been a “U.S. real property holding corporation,” or USRPHC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes at any time during the shorter of the fiveyear period ending on the date of disposition or the period during which the holder has held our Common Stock.NonU.S. holders whose gain is described in the first bullet point above will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the gain derived from the sale, net of certaindeductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. Corporate nonU.S. holders whose gain is described in the first bullet point above may also be subject to thebranch profits tax described above at a 30% rate or lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty. Individual nonU.S. holders described in the second bulletpoint above will be subject to a flat 30% U.S. federal income tax rate on the gain derived from the sale, which may be offset by U.S.source capital losses, eventhough such nonU.S. holders are not considered to be residents of the United States.A corporation will be a USRPHC if the fair market value of its U.S. real property interests equals or exceeds 50 percent of the aggregate of its real property interests(U.S. and nonU.S.) and its assets used or held for use in a trade or business. Because we do not currently own significant U.S. real property, we believe that we arenot currently and will not become a USRPHC. However, because the determination of whether we are a USRPHC depends on the fair market value of our U.S. realproperty relative to the fair market value of our other business assets, there can be no assurance that we will not become a USRPHC in the future. Even if we becomea USRPHC, however, as long as our common stock are regularly traded on an established securities market, such common stock will be treated as U.S. real propertyinterests only if a nonU.S. holder actually or constructively holds more than 5% of such regularly traded common stock at any time during the applicable period thatis specified in the Code.Foreign Account Tax ComplianceThe Foreign Account Tax Compliance provisions of the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act (generally referred to as “FATCA”), when applicable, willimpose a U.S. federal withholding tax of 30% on payments of dividends on, and (for dispositions after December 31, 2018) gross proceeds from dispositions of, ourcommon stock that are held through “foreign financial institutions” (which is broadly defined for this purpose and in general includes investment vehicles) andcertain other nonU.S. entities unless various U.S. information reporting and due diligence requirements (generally relating to ownership by U.S. persons of certaininterests in or accounts with those entities) have been satisfied or an exemption applies. An intergovernmental agreement between the United States and anapplicable foreign country may modify these requirements. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the effect, if any, of the FATCA provisions ontheir particular circumstances.78Table of ContentsInformation Reporting and Backup WithholdingPayments of dividends or of proceeds on the disposition of stock made to a holder of our common stock may be subject to information reporting and backupwithholding at a current rate of 24% unless such holder provides a correct taxpayer identification number on IRS Form W9 (or other appropriate withholding form)or establishes an exemption from backup withholding, for example by properly certifying the holder’s nonU.S. status on a Form W8BEN, Form W8BENE oranother appropriate version of IRS Form W8. Payments of dividends to holders must generally be reported annually to the IRS, along with the name and address ofthe holder and the amount of tax withheld, if any. A similar report is sent to the holder. Pursuant to applicable income tax treaties or other agreements, the IRS maymake these reports available to tax authorities in the holder’s country of residence.Backup withholding is not an additional tax; rather, the U.S. income tax liability of persons subject to backup withholding will be reduced by the amount of taxwithheld. If withholding results in an overpayment of taxes, a refund or credit may generally be obtained from the IRS, provided that the required information isfurnished to the IRS in a timely manner.F.Dividends and Paying AgentsNot applicable.G.Statement by ExpertsNot applicable.H.Documents on DisplayWe have filed this annual report on Form 20F with the SEC under the Exchange Act. Statements made in this report as to the contents of any document referred toare not necessarily complete. With respect to each such document filed as an exhibit to this report, reference is made to the exhibit for a more complete description ofthe matter involved, and each such statement shall be deemed qualified in its entirety by such reference.We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act as a foreign private issuer and file reports and other information with the SEC. Reports andother information filed by us with the SEC, including this report, may be inspected and copied at the public reference room of the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E.,Washington D.C. 20549. You can also obtain copies of this report by mail from the Public Reference Section of the SEC, 100 F. Street, N.E., Washington D.C. 20549, atprescribed rates. Additionally, copies of this material may be obtained from the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. The SEC’s telephone number is 1800SEC0330. In accordance with NASDAQ Stock Market Rule 5250(d), we will also post this annual report on Form 20F on our website at www.kbsfashion.com.As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of quarterly reports and proxy statements,and officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and shortswing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the ExchangeAct.I.Subsidiary InformationNot applicable.ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKInterest Rate RiskWe deposit surplus funds with Chinese banks earning daily interest. We do not invest in any instruments for trading purposes. Most of our outstanding debtinstruments carry fixed rates of interest. Our operations generally are not directly sensitive to fluctuations in interest rates and we currently do not have any longterm debt outstanding. Management monitors the banks’ prime rates in conjunction with our cash requirements to determine the appropriate level of debt balancesrelative to other sources of funds. We have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to interest rate risk.79Table of ContentsForeign Exchange RiskWhile our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar, substantially all of our consolidated revenues and consolidated costs and expenses are denominated in RMB.Substantially all of our assets are denominated in RMB. As a result, we are exposed to foreign exchange risk as our revenues and results of operations may beaffected by fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the RMB. If the RMB depreciates against the U.S. dollar, the value of our RMB revenues,earnings and assets as expressed in our U.S. dollar financial statements will decline. Assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates at the balance sheet datesand revenue and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates and equity is translated at historical exchange rates. Any resulting translation adjustmentsare not included in determining net income but are included in determining other comprehensive income, a component of equity. An average appreciation(depreciation) of the RMB against the U.S. dollar of 5% would increase (decrease) our comprehensive income by $0.93 million based on our outstanding revenues,costs and expenses, assets and liabilities denominated in RMB as of December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2018, our accumulated other comprehensive income was$1.8 million. We have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign exchange risk.The value of RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies is affected by, among other things, changes in China’s political and economic conditions. Since July2005, RMB has not been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Although the People’s Bank of China regularly intervenes in the foreign exchange market to prevent significantshortterm fluctuations in the exchange rate, RMB may appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the medium to long term. Moreover, itis possible that in the future, PRC authorities may lift restrictions on fluctuations in RMB exchange rate and lessen intervention in the foreign exchange market.InflationInflationary factors such as increases in the cost of our product and overhead costs may adversely affect our operating results. Although we do not believe thatinflation has had a material impact on our financial position or results of operations to date, a high rate of inflation in the future may have an adverse effect on ourability to maintain current levels of gross margin and selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net revenues if the selling prices of ourproducts do not increase with these increased costs.ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIESA.Debt SecuritiesNot applicable.B.Warrants and RightsNot applicable.C.Other SecuritiesNot applicable.D.American Depositary SharesWe do not have any American Depositary Shares.80Table of ContentsPART IIITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIESNone.ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDSNone.ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURESA.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresAn evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2018, was made under the supervision and with the participation ofour management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based on that evaluation, we concluded that our disclosure controls andprocedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms.B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a15(f) underthe Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding thereliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS and includes those policies and procedures that (1)pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of a company’s assets, (2) providereasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally acceptedaccounting principles, and that a company’s receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of a company’s management anddirectors, and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of a company’s assets thatcould have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.Because of its inherent limitations, a system of internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to consolidated financialstatement preparation and presentation and may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods aresubject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures maydeteriorate.As required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and related rules as promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission, our managementassessed the effectiveness of the our internal control over the financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, using criteria established in Internal Control — IntegratedFramework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment using those criteria, our managementconcluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2018.C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting FirmBecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer, this annual report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internalcontrol over financial reporting.81Table of ContentsD.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERTThe audit committee of our board of directors currently consists of three members, Matthew C. Los (who serves as chairman), John Sano andYuet Mei Chan. Ourboard of directors has determined that all of our audit committee members are “independent” under the Exchange Act and have the requisite financial knowledgeand experience to serve as members of our audit committee. In addition, our board of directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is an “audit committee financialexpert” as defined in Item 16A of the Instructions to Form 20F and meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements due to his current and past experience invarious companies in which he was responsible for, amongst others, the financial oversight responsibilities.ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICSOn October 25, 2014, our Audit Committee adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to all of the directors, officers and employees of the Company and its subsidiaries,including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer. The Code of Ethics addresses, among other things, honesty andethical conduct, conflicts of interest, compliance with laws, regulations and policies, including disclosure requirements under the federal securities laws,confidentiality, trading on inside information, and reporting of violations of the code. A copy of the Code of Ethics is filed as Exhibit 11.1 to the annual report onForm 20F filed on October 27, 2015 and is also available on our website at www.kbsfashion.com. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, there were nowaivers of our Code of Ethics.ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICESThe following table sets forth the aggregate fees by categories specified below in connection with services rendered by our principal external auditors for theperiods indicated.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,20182017Audit Fees*$120,000$110,000AuditRelated FeesTax FeesTOTAL$120,000$110,000*“Audit Fees” consisted of the aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements or services that arenormally provided by the accountant in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.Our Audit Committee preapproves all auditing services and permitted nonaudit services to be performed for us by our independent auditor, including the fees andterms thereof (subject to the de minimums exceptions for nonaudit services described in Section 10A(i)(l)(B) of the Exchange Act that are approved by our AuditCommittee prior to the completion of the audit). The percentage of services provided for which we paid auditrelated fees, tax fees, or other fees that were approvedby our Audit Committee pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(i)(C) of Rule 201 of Regulation SX promulgated by the SEC was 100%.ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEESPrior to July 10, 2017, in lieu of an audit committee comprised of three independent directors, our audit committee was comprised of two independent members of ourboard of directors. On July 10, 2017, the board of directors appointed Ms. Yuet Mei Chan as an independent director and a member of the audit committee. As aresult, we are in full compliance with the Nasdaq listing rules for the audit committee.82Table of ContentsITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERSThere were no purchases of equity securities made by or on behalf of us or any “affiliated purchaser” as defined in Rule 10b18 of the Exchange Act during theperiod covered by this Annual Report.ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANTNone.ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCEWe were incorporated in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (“RMI”) and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable RMI law, our articles ofincorporation and bylaws. In addition, because our common stock is listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements.NASDAQ Listing Rule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600,provided that such foreign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes thehome country practice followed in lieu of such requirement. The home country practices that we follow in lieu of NASDAQ’s corporate governance rules are asfollows:●we currently do not have a nominating committee or a compensation committee;●we did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in fiscal 2018; however, we may, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issuesthat require shareholders’ approvals; and●in lieu of obtaining shareholder approval prior to the adoption of an agreement pursuant to which stock may be acquired by officers, directors, employeesor consultants, the board of directors approves such adoption.ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURENot applicable.83Table of ContentsPART IIIITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTSWe have elected to provide financial statement pursuant to Item 18.ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTSThe financial statements are filed as part of this annual report beginning on page F1.ITEM 19.EXHIBITSExhibit No.Description1.1Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Amendment No. 4 to the registrant’s RegistrationStatement on Form F1 filed on October 24, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).1.2Articles of Amendment, filed with the Office of the Registrar of Corporations of Republic of the Marshall Islands on October 31, 2014(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant on October 27, 2015)1.3Articles of Amendment, filed with the Office of the Registrar of Corporations of Republic of the Marshall Islands on February 3, 2017(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Report on Form 6K furnished by the registrant on February 3, 2017)1.4Bylaws as amended on September 22, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.3 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant onOctober 27, 2015)2.1Specimen of Unit Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant on October 27,2015)2.2Specimen of Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant onOctober 27, 2015)2.3Specimen of Public Redeemable Warrant Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.3 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by theregistrant on October 27, 2015)2.4Specimen Placement Unit Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Amendment No. 3 to the registrant’s Registration Statement onForm F1 filed on October 15, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).2.5Specimen Placement Warrant Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Amendment No. 1 to the registrant’s RegistrationStatement on Form F1 filed on June 5, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).2.6Form of Warrant Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Amendment No. 4 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on FormF1 filed on October 24, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).2.7Form of Unit Purchase Option (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the Amendment No. 3 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on FormF1 filed on October 15, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).4.1Form of Registration Rights Agreement among the Registrant and the founders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Amendment No. 1to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F1 filed on June 5, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).4.2Form of Placement Unit Purchase Agreement between the registrant and the founders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the AmendmentNo. 4 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F1 filed on October 24, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).4.3Share Exchange Agreement and Plan of Liquidation, dated March 24, 2014, by and among Aquasition Corp., KBS International Holdings, Inc.,Hongri International Holdings Limited, Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registration Reporton Form 6K filed by the registrant on April 4, 2014)4.4Frist Amendment to Share Exchange Agreement and Plan of Liquidation, dated June 21, 2014 by and among Aquasition Corp., KBS InternationalHoldings, Inc., Hongri International Holdings Limited, Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (D)(3) toAmendment No.4 to the Schedule TO filed by the registrant on July 9, 2014)4.5Voting Agreement , dated August 1, 2014, by and among Aquasition Corp., Aquasition Investments Corp., Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to Shell Company Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant on August 7, 2014)84Table of ContentsExhibit No.Description4.6Form of Resale LockUp Agreement, dated August 1, 2014, by and among Aquasition Corp., Aquasition Investments Corp., Cheung So Wa, ChanSun Keung and other named parties(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.12 to Shell Company Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant onAugust 7, 2014)4.7Employee Agreement with Keyan Yan, dated August 1, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.13 to Shell Company Report on Form 20F filedby the registrant on August 7, 2014)4.8Employee Agreement with Lixia Tu, dated June 25, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.12 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by theregistrant on October 27, 2015)4.92018 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S8 filed by the registrant on December27, 2018)8.1List of the registrant’s subsidiaries (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 8.1 to Shell Company Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant onAugust 7, 2014)11.1Code of Ethics, adopted on October 25, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 11.1 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registranton October 27, 2015)12.1Certifications of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a14(a) or Rule 15d1(a)12.2Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a14(a) or Rule 15d1(a)13.1Certifications of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 200213.2Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 200215.1Consent from WWC, P.C., Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm101.INSXBRL Instance Document101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document85Table of ContentsSIGNATUREThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this report on its behalf. Date: April 30, 2019KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED/s/ Keyan YanKeyan YanChief Executive Officer86Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Financial StatementsFor the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016(Stated in US dollars)Table of ContentsCONTENTSPAGESREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMF2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/ (LOSS)F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITIONF4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITYF5CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSF6 – F7NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF8 – F59F1Table of ContentsREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo:The Board of Directors and Stockholders ofKBS Fashion Group LimitedOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of KBS Fashion Group Limited (the Company) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017,and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the threeyearperiod ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, inall material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of theyears in the threeyear period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International AccountingStandards Board.Emphasis of MatterThe Company incurred significant losses during the year ended December 31, 2018. The losses were related to the sale of products at discounted prices andimpairment loss charged during the year. During the year, the Company completed its cash management strategy that was put in place in 2017.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required tobe independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ WWC, P.C.WWC, P.C.Certified Public AccountantsWe have served as the Company’s auditor since April 25, 2016.San Mateo, CaliforniaApril 30, 2019F2Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income/ (Loss)For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016(Stated in U.S. Dollars)Year ended December 31,Notes201820172016Revenue818,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales9(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)Gross (loss)/profit(2,316,137)(11,511,816)2,158,273Other income10122,139461,564555,051Other gains and (losses)11(13,522,300)(122,243)(11,123,767)Distribution and selling expenses12(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)Administrative expenses13(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)Loss from operations(23,294,273)(19,317,272)(15,560,446)Finance costs14(96,444)(96,385)(71,783)Change in fair value of warrant liabilities313,409Loss before tax(23,390,717)(19,413,657)(15,628,820)Income tax income155,422,1194,598,0613,726,133Loss for the year16(17,968,598)(14,815,596)(11,902,687)Other comprehensive (loss) incomecurrency translation differences(3,071,697)4,810,715(6,125,433)Total comprehensive loss for the year(21,040,295)(10,004,881)(18,028,120)Loss per share of common stock attributable to the CompanyBasic19(8.06)(7.96)(6.80)Diluted19(8.06)(7.96)(6.80)Weighted average shares outstanding:Basic192,229,9151,860,8311,750,142Diluted192,229,9151,860,8311,750,142The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F3Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Financial PositionAs at December 31, 2018, and 2017(Stated in U.S. Dollars)As of December 31,Notes20182017Noncurrent assetsProperty, plant and equipmentnet2012,173,80827,824,523Prepayments and premiums under operating leases212,371,7352,568,199Prepayment for construction of new plant22Prepayment for acquisition of land use right23Land use rights24603,503648,652Deferred tax assets1514,688,8299,924,94429,837,87540,966,318Current assetsInventories251,245,8001,806,212Trade receivables268,122,22310,501,543Other receivables and prepayments26855,4731,901,268Subsidies prepaid to distributorsPrepayments and premiums under operating leases2178,53283,907Cash and cash equivalents2721,026,10326,050,45631,328,13140,343,386Total assets61,166,00681,309,704Current liabilitiesShort term bank loans301,092,7831,606,930Trade and other payables285,278,4605,451,830Related parties payables29445,614154,137Contract liabilities47,82869,6126,864,6857,282,509Noncurrent liabilityWarrant liabilities31Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,509EquityShare capital32227198Share premium328,000,5616,686,169Revaluation reserve33184,272184,272Statutory surplus reserve336,084,8366,084,836Retained profits3346,178,21364,146,811Foreign currency translation reserve33(6,146,788)(3,075,091)54,301,32174,027,195Total liabilities and equity61,166,00681,309,704The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F4Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Changes in EquityFor the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016(Stated in U.S. Dollars)ForeignStatutorycurrencyShareShareRevaluationsurplusRetainedtranslationcapitalpremiumreservereserveprofitsreserveTotal(Note 32)(Note 32)(Note 33)(Note 33)(Note 33)(Note 33)Balance at January 1, 20161705,627,2476,069,45790,880,473(1,760,373)100,816,974Reclassification of revaluation surplus184,272184,272Shares issued for stockbased compensation7428,993429,000Loss for the year(11,902,687)(11,902,687)Other comprehensive loss for the year(6,125,433)(6,125,433)Appropriation to statutory surplus reserve15,379(15,379)Balance at December 31, 20161776,056,240184,2726,084,83678,962,407(7,885,806)83,402,126Shares issued for stockbased compensation21629,929629,950Loss for the year(14,815,596)(14,815,596)Other comprehensive income for the year4,810,7154,810,715Balance at December 31, 20171986,686,169184,2726,084,83664,146,811(3,075,091)74,027,195Shares issued for stockbased compensation291,314,3921,314,421Loss for the year(17,968,598)(17,968,598)Other comprehensive loss for the year(3,071,697)(3,071,697)Balance at December 31, 20182278,000,561184,2726,084,83646,178,213(6,146,788)54,301,321The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F5Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Cash FlowsFor the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016(Stated in U.S. Dollars)Year ended December 31,201820172016OPERATING ACTIVITIESLoss for the year(17,968,598)(14,815,596)(11,902,687)Adjustments for:Sharebased payment1,314,420629,950429,000Finance cost96,44496,38571,783Change in fair value of warrant liabilities(3,409)Interest income(71,693)(81,517)(85,482)Depreciation of property, plant and equipment1,521,7251,510,2131,942,735Amortization of prepaid lease payments and trademark14,54514,30719,009Amortization of subsidies prepaid to distributors401,259910,537Amortization of prepayments and premiums under operating leases107,088105,340118,783Provision/(reversal) of inventory obsolescence196,124101,256(1,667)Bad debt provision of trade receivables331,196Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment9402,4181,441Provision of impairment loss in property, plant and equipment13,311,557Provision of impairment loss in prepayments11,649,038Operating cash flows before movements in working capital(1,477,448)(12,035,985)3,480,277Decrease in trade and other receivables1,941,33613,983,7817,265,940Decrease in inventories294,204669,923889,384Increase/(decrease) in trade and other payables2,036522,839(1,080,978)(Decrease)/increase in income tax payable(263,333)155,632Increase in deferred tax assets(5,422,119)(4,598,061)(3,779,923)Prepayments and premiums paid under operating leases958,6383,645,471(1,761,155)Subsidies prepaid to distributors(910,537)CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES(3,703,353)1,924,6354,258,640Income tax paid(2,385)(1,064,351)NET CASH FROM/(USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES(3,703,353)1,922,2503,194,289INVESTING ACTIVITIESInterest received71,69381,51785,482Purchase of property, plant and equipment(18,761)(946,882)(40,037)NET CASH FROM/(USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES52,932(865,365)45,445The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F6Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Cash FlowsFor the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016(Stated in U.S. Dollars)Year ended December 31,201820172016FINANCING ACTIVITIESInterest paid(96,444)(96,385)(71,783)New bank loans raised1,130,8401,557,3361,578,289Repayment of borrowings(1,583,175)(1,557,336)Advance from related party299,542387,030173,003Repayment to related party(7,633)(1,386,555)NET CASH FROM/(USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS(3,907,291)(39,025)4,919,243Effects of currency translation(1,117,062)1,513,140(1,556,982)CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF YEAR26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR21,026,10326,050,45624,576,341The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F7Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements1.GENERAL INFORMATIONOn January 26, 2012, Aquasition Investments Corp (“Company”) was organized as a blank check company pursuant to the laws of the Republic of theMarshall Islands for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, or similar acquisition transaction,one or more operating businesses or assets.On March 24, 2014, the Company entered into a Share Exchange Agreement and Plan of Liquidation (the “Agreement”) among KBS International Holdings,Inc. (“KBS”), a Nevada corporation, Hongri International Holdings Ltd (“Hongri”), a company organized under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, andCheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, the principal shareholders of KBS.On August 1, 2014, the share exchange was completed. In order to align with the brand and operations of the entities acquired pursuant to the Agreement,the Company changed its name from Aquasition Investments Corp to KBS Fashion Group Limited.The Company’s units which are comprised of one share of common stock and one warrant are traded on the NASDAQ Capital Markets. The Company’strading symbol is KBSF.The acquisition was accounted for as a reverse merger and recapitalization where the Company, the legal acquirer is the accounting acquiree, and KBS, thelegal acquiree, was the accounting acquirer.Description of Subsidiaries:Hongri International Holdings Limited (the “Hongri”), formerly known as Wah Ying International Investment Inc., was incorporated in the British VirginIslands (the “BVI”) on July 8, 2008 as a limited liability company with authorized share capital of $50,000, divided into 50,000 common shares with $1 parvalue. Up through December 31, 2010, 10,000 common shares had been issued at par. On January 27, 2011, the Company issued an additional 10,000common shares for cash consideration at $77 per share. The principal activity of the Company is investment holding. Hongri a directly wholly ownedsubsidiary of the Company.France Cock (China) Limited (“France Cock”) was incorporated in Hong Kong on September 21, 2005 as a limited liability company with authorized capitalof HK$10,000, divided into 10,000 common shares with par value of HK$1. The capital has been fully paid up. The principal activity of France Cock is theholding of intellectual property rights such as trademarks. France Cock owns the Company’s trademarks, including “KBS” and “Kabiniao”. France Cock is adirectly wholly owned subsidiary of Hongri.F8Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsRoller Rome Limited (“Roller Rome”) was incorporated in the BVI on March 28, 2006 as a limited liability company with authorized share capital of $50,000,divided into 50,000 common shares with par value of $1. The principal activity of Roller Rome is the provision of design and development services forsports apparel. Roller Rome is a directly wholly owned subsidiary of Hongri.Vast Billion Investment Limited (“Vast Billion”) was incorporated in Hong Kong on November 25, 2010 as a limited liability company with authorized sharecapital of HK$10,000 divided into 10,000 ordinary shares with HK$1par value. One ordinary share has been issued at par. Vast Billion is an investmentholding company, and is a directly wholly owned subsidiary of Hongri.Hongri (Fujian) Sports Goods Co. Ltd. (“Hongri Fujian”) was established in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”) on November 17, 2005 with aregistered and paid up capital of RMB 5,000,000. On March 24, 2011, Hongri Fujian increased registered capital from RMB 70,000,000 to RMB75,000,000. Asof September 30, 2011, the paid up capital was RMB 39,551,860. Hongri Fujian is engaged in the design, manufacture, marketing, and sale of apparel in thePRC. Hongri Fujian is a directly wholly owned subsidiary of Vast Billion.Anhui Kai Xin Apparel Company Limited (“Anhui Kai Xin”) was established in the PRC on March 16, 2011 with a registered and paid up capital of RMB1,000,000. Anhui Kai Xin is a wholly owned subsidiary of Hongri Fujian. Anhui Kai Xin provides contracting manufacturing services for companies in thesports apparel business.2.GROUP ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSThe Group structure as at the reporting date is as follows:F9Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements3.APPLICATION OF NEW AND REVISED INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (“IFRS”)Except as described below, for the year ended December 31, 2018 the Company has consistently adopted all the new and revised standards, amendmentsand interpretations (collectively IFRSs) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and the IFRS Interpretations Committee(formerly known as “International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee” (“IFRIC”)) of the IASB that are effective for financial year beginning onJanuary 1, 2018 in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements throughout the year.IFRS 2 (amendments) Classification and Measurement of Sharebased Payment TransactionsIAS 40 (amendments) Transfers of Investment PropertyAnnual improvements to IFRSs 2014–2016 cycleAmendments to IAS 28 Investments in Associates and Joint VenturesAmendments to IFRS 11: Accounting for acquisitions of interests in joint operationsIFRIC 22 Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance ConsiderationAmendments to IAS 16 and IAS 38: Clarification of acceptable methods of depreciation and amortizationAmendment to IAS 27: Equity method in separate financial statementsAmendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and IAS 28: Investment entities: applying the consolidation exceptionAmendments to IAS 1: Disclosure initiativeOther than as explained below regarding the impact of IFRS 9 and IFRS 15, the adoption of the above new and revised standards had no significantfinancial effect on these financial statements. Other standards, amendments and interpretations which are effective for the financial year beginning onJanuary 1, 2018 are not material to the Group.F10Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsIFRS 9, Financial instrumentsThe Company has initially adopted IFRS 9, Financial instruments from January 1, 2018. IFRS 9 replaces IAS 39, Financial instruments: recognition andmeasurement. It sets out requirements for recognising and measuring financial assets, financial liabilities and some contracts to buy or sell nonfinancialitems.Based on the assessment by the Company, there is no significant cumulative effect of the initial application of IFRS 9 at January 1, 2018 in accordance withthe transition requirement.Classification and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities IFRS 9 contains three principal classification and measurement categories forfinancial assets: amortised cost, FVOCI, and fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”).The classification for debt instruments is determined based on the entity’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual cash flowcharacteristics of the asset. A debt instrument will be measured at amortised cost if the instrument is held for the collection of contractual cash flows whichrepresent solely payments of principal and interest. Interest income from the debt instrument is calculated using the effective interest method.For equity instruments, the classification is FVTPL regardless of the entity’s business model. The only exception is if the equity instrument is not held fortrading and the entity irrevocably elects to designate that instrument as FVOCI. If an equity instrument is designated as FVOCI then only dividend incomeon that instrument will be recognised in profit or loss. Gains or losses on that instrument will be recognised in other comprehensive income withoutrecycling through profit or loss.For an explanation of how the Group classifies and measures financial assets and recognises related gains and losses under IFRS 9, see note 4, significantaccounting policies.The measurement categories and carrying amounts for all financial liabilities at January 1, 2018 have not been impacted by the initial application of IFRS 9.The Group did not designate or redesignate any financial asset or financial liability at FVTPL at January 1, 2018.Further, IFRS 9 replaces the “incurred loss” model in IAS 39 with an ECL model. The ECL model requires an ongoing measurement of credit risk associatedwith a financial asset and therefore recognises credit losses earlier than under the “incurred loss” model in IAS 39.F11Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsFor further details on the Group’s accounting policy for accounting for credit losses, see note 4, significant accounting policies.The Group has concluded that there is no material impact for the initial application of the new impairment requirements.IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with CustomersIFRS 15 establishes a fivestep model comprehensive framework for the recognition of revenue from contracts with customer: (i) identify the contract; (ii)identify performance obligations; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recogniserevenue when (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied, i.e. when “control” of the goods or services underlying the particular performance obligation istransferred to the customer. IFRS 15 replaced IAS 18 Revenue, IAS 11 Construction Contracts and related interpretations.IFRS 15 also introduces additional qualitative and quantitative disclosure requirements which aim to enable users of the financial statements to understandthe nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.The Company’s business model is straight forward and its contracts with customers for the sale of goods include only single performance obligation. TheCompany has concluded that revenue from sale should be recognised at the point of time when a customer obtains control of goods. The Company hasconcluded that the initial application of IFRS 15 does not have a significant impact on the Company’s revenue recognition.Under IFRS 15, a contract liability, is recognised when a customer pays consideration, or is contractually required to pay consideration and the amount isalready due, before the Company recognises the related revenue, or when the Company receives consideration from a customer and expects to refund someor all of that consideration to the customer (i.e. refund liability). To reflect this change in presentation, contract liabilities, including receipts in advance fromcustomers and refund liabilities are now separately presented as contract liabilities at December 31, 2018, as a result of the adoption of IFRS 15.F12Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsAt the date these consolidated financial statements are authorized for issuance, the IASB has issued the following new and revised InternationalAccounting Standards (“IASs”), IFRSs, amendments and IFRICs which are not yet effective in respect of the years. The Company has not early applied thefollowing new and revised standards, amendments or interpretations that have been issued but are not yet effective:IFRS 16 Leases(1)IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts(2)Amendments to IFRS 9 Prepayment Features with Negative Compensation(1)Amendments to IAS 28 Longterm Interests in Associates and Joint Ventures(1)Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2015–2017 Cycle Amendments to IFRS 3 Business Combinations, IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements, IAS 12 IncomeTaxes and IAS 23 Borrowing Costs(1)Amendments to IAS 19 Employee Benefits Plan Amendment, Curtailment or Settlement(1)IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements and IAS 28 (amendments) Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or JointVenture(3)IFRIC 23 Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments(1)(1) Effective for the accounting period beginning on January 1, 2019.(2) Effective for the accounting period beginning on January 1, 2021.(3) The effective date of the amendments has yet to be set by the IASBThe Company will apply the above new standards and amendments to standards when they become effective. The Company is in the process of making anassessment of the impact of the above new standards and amendments to standards.In relation to IFRS 16, the standard will result in almost all leases being recognised on the balance sheet, as the distinction between operating and financeleases is removed. Under the new standard, an asset (the right to use the leased item) and a financial liability to pay rentals are recognised. The onlyexceptions are shortterm and lowvalue leases. The accounting for lessors will not significantly change. The standard will affect primarily the accountingfor Company’s operating leases. As at the reporting date, the Company has noncancellable operating lease commitments of 2,450,267, see Note 34.However, the Company has not yet determined to what extent these commitments will result in the recognition of an asset and a liability for future paymentsand how this will affect the Group’s profit and classification of cash flows. Some of the commitments may be covered by the exception for shortterm andlow value leases and some commitments may relate to arrangements that will not qualify as leases under IFRS 16.The standard is mandatory for accounting periods commencing on or after January 1, 2019. At this stage, the Company does not intend to adopt thestandard before its effective date.There are no other standards and interpretations in issue but not yet adopted that the directors anticipate will have a material effect on the consolidatedfinancial statements of the Company.F13Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements4.SIGNIFCANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESThe principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial statements are set out below. The policies have been consistently applied to allthe years presented, unless otherwise stated.Basis of preparationThe consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis and in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. The principalaccounting policies are set out below.Basis of consolidationThe consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the Company and entities controlled by the Company (its subsidiaries).Control is achieved where the Company has the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities.Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies into line with those used by othermembers of the Group.All intragroup transactions, balances, income and expenses are eliminated on consolidation.Foreign currenciesFunctional and presentation currencyItems included in the financial statements are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the“functional currency”).The Group conducts its business predominately in the PRC and hence its functional currency is the Renminbi (RMB).F14Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsTranslation from RMB to USD found place at the following rates:Period end ratesAverage ratesDecember 31, 2016USD 1.00= RMB 6.9370USD 1.00=RMB 6.6528 December 31, 2017USD 1.00= RMB 6.5924USD 1.00=RMB 6.7423December 31, 2018USD 1.00= RMB 6.8632USD 1.00=RMB 6.6322Translation from HKD to USD found place at the following rates:Period end ratesAverage ratesDecember 31, 2016USD 1.00= HKD 7.7552USD 1.00=HKD 7.7614December 31, 2017USD 1.00= HKD 7.8170USD 1.00=HKD 7.7928December 31, 2018USD 1.00= HKD 7.8329USD 1.00=HKD 7.8636The results and financial positions in functional currency are translated into the presentation currency, USD, of the Company as follows:(1)Assets and liabilities for each balance sheet presented are translated at the closing rate at the date of that balance sheet;(2)Income and expenses for each income statement are translated at average exchange rates (unless this average is not a reasonable approximation ofthe cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and expenses are translated at the dates of thetransactions);(3)Share equity, share premium and dividends are translated at historical exchange rates; and(4)All resulting exchange differences are recognized in foreign currency translation reserve, a separate component of equity.All financial information presented in USD has been rounded to the nearest dollar, except when otherwise indicated.Segment reportingOperating segments, and the amounts of each segment item reported in the financial statements, are identified from the financial information providedregularly to the Group’s most senior executive management for the purposes of allocating resources to, and assessing the performance of, the Group’svarious lines of business and geographical locations.F15Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsIndividually material operating segments are not aggregated for financial reporting purposes unless the segments have similar economic characteristics andare similar in respect of the nature of products and services, the nature of production processes, the type or class of customers, the methods used todistribute the products or provide the services, and the nature of the regulatory environment. Operating segments which are not individually material maybe aggregated if they share a majority of these criteria. The Group’s three segments are wholesale, retail and contract manufacturing.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects theconsideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled inexchange for transferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it ishighly probable that a significant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with thevariable consideration is subsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to thecustomer for more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would bereflected in a separate financing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financingcomponent which provides the Company a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interestexpense accreted on the contract liability under the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer andthe transfer of the promised goods or services is one year or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component,using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of thegoods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cashreceipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associatedwith the dividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. F16Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsRevenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer.Revenue from all above categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goodssold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respectof the transaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered, and title has passed.Contract liabilities (applicable from 1 January 2018)A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Group has received a consideration (or an amount ofconsideration that is due) from the customer. If a customer pays the consideration before the Group transfers goods or services to the customer, a contractliability is recognised when the payment is made or the payment is due (whichever is earlier). Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the Groupperforms under the contract.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting thedeductible input VAT of the period, is VAT payable.F17Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantialperiod of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for theirintended use or sale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal governmentretirement benefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fundtheir retirement benefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal governmenttakes responsibility for the retirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly,the only obligation of the Group with respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employmentwith the Group. There are no provisions under the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans areconsidered defined contribution plans. The Group has no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixedcontributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pension schemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service isperformed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to itemsrecognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity,respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries wherethe Group operates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in whichapplicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the taxauthorities.F18Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsDeferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences.Deferred tax assets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be availableagainst which those deductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary differencearises from goodwill or from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neitherthe taxable profit nor the accounting profit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able tocontrol the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assetsarising from deductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will besufficient taxable profits against which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable thatsufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized,based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred taxliabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, torecover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities andwhen the deferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or differenttaxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly inequity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax ordeferred tax arises from the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.F19Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsStore preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll andsupplies. The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenseswhen occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All otherleases are classified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes.Leasehold improvements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposesother than construction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful livesand after taking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction inprogress is carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant andequipment when completed and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when theassets are ready for their intended use.An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued useof the asset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carryingamount of the item) is included in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.F20Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsThe Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights touse the land on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizablevalue represents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fairvalue through profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s businessmodel for managing them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has appliedthe practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus inthe case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financingcomponent or for which the Group has applied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance withthe policies set out for “Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cashflows that are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell theasset. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established byregulation or convention in the marketplace.F21Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsSubsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses arerecognised in the income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversalsare recognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair valuechanges are recognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive incomeis recycled to the income statement.F22Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsFinancial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. Theclassification is determined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statementwhen the right of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and theamount of the dividend can be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financialasset, in which case, such gains are recorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensiveincome are not subject to impairment assessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair valuethrough profit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they areacquired for the purpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held fortrading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interestare classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to beclassified at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair valuethrough profit or loss on initial recognition if doing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised inthe income statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separatederivative if the economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embeddedderivative would meet the definition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives aremeasured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms ofthe contract that significantly modifies the cash flows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value throughprofit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference betweenthe contractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation ofthe original effective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that areintegral to the contractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs areprovided for credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for whichthere has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life ofthe exposure, irrespective of the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).F23Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsAt each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. Whenmaking the assessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a defaultoccurring on the financial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available withoutundue cost or effort, including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also considera financial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts infull before taking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation ofrecovering the contractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the generalapproach and they are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach asdetailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured atan amount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets andfor which the loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the lossallowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsSimplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect ofa significant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not trackchanges in credit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrixthat is based on its historical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt thesimplified approach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed fromthe Group’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to whatextent, it has retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset nor transferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement.In that case, the Group also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects therights and obligations that the Group has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and themaximum amount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. TheGroup’s financial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.F24Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsSubsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate methodunless the effect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement whenthe liabilities are derecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effectiveinterest rate. The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability aresubstantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and thedifference between the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceablelegal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to thecontractual provisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue offinancial assets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initialrecognition.F25Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements(1)Financial assetsThe Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period.The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form anintegral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, whereappropriate, a shorter period to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.ReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including tradeand other receivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, lessany impairment (see accounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, asa result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have beenaffected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequentlyassessed for impairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience ofcollecting payments, and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national orlocal economic conditions that correlate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between theasset’s carrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.F26Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsThe carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables,where the carrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized inprofit or loss. When a trade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries ofamounts previously written off are credited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairmentlosses was recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset atthe date the impairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and on hand, demand deposits with banks and other financial institutions, and shortterm, highly liquidinvestments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, having been withinthree months of maturity at acquisition(2)Financial liabilities and equityFinancial liabilities and equity instruments issued by a group entity are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered intoand the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Group after deducting all of its liabilities.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period.The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form anintegral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or, whereappropriate, a shorter period to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.F27Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsInterest expense is recognized on an effective interest basis.Financial liabilitiesFinancial liabilities including trade and other payables, related parties payables and shortterm loans are subsequently measured at amortized cost, usingthe effective interest method.Equity instrumentsEquity instruments issued by the group entities are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.(3)DerecognitionFinancial assets are derecognized when the rights to receive cash flows from the assets expire or, the financial assets are transferred and the Group hastransferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial assets. On derecognition of a financial asset, the difference between theasset’s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognized in profit or loss.Financial liabilities are derecognized when the obligation specified in the relevant contract is discharged, cancelled or expires. The difference between thecarrying amount of the financial liability derecognized and the consideration paid and payable is recognized in profit or loss.Capital and ReservesShare capital represents the nominal value of shares that have been issued by the Group. Share capital is determined using the nominal value of shares thathave been issued.Retained profits include all current and prior period results as determined in the combined statement of comprehensive income.Foreign currency translation reserve arising on the translation are included in the currency translation reserve.In accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of PRC, the subsidiaries of the Group established in PRC are required to transfer 10% of its annualstatutory net profit (after offsetting any prior years’ losses) to the statutory reserve. When the balance of such reserve reaches 50% of the subsidiary’sshare capital, any further transfer of its annual statutory net profit is optional. Such reserve may be used to offset accumulated losses or to increase theregistered capital of the subsidiary subject to the approval of the relevant authorities. However, except for offsetting prior years’ losses, such statutoryreserve must be maintained at a minimum of 25% of the share capital after such usage. The statutory reserves are not available for dividend distribution tothe shareholders.F28Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsAll transactions with owners of the Group are recorded separately within equity.Earnings/(loss) per shareBasic earnings per share (“EPS”) are computed by dividing income attributable to holders of common shares by the weighted average number of commonshares outstanding during the year. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common shares wereexercised or converted into common shares. Potential dilutive securities are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS in loss periods as their effectwould be antidilutive.5.SIGNIFICANT MANAGEMENT JUDGEMENT IN APPLYING ACCOUNTING POLICIESThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to exercise judgment in the process of applying the Group’saccounting policies and requires the use of accounting estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosureof contingent assets and liabilities at the date of financial statements and reported amount of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Thefollowing estimates that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets and liabilities within the next financial yearare disclosed below.Provision for expected credit losses on trade receivablesThe Group estimates the loss allowances for trade receivables by assessing the ECLs. This requires the use of estimates and judgements. ECLs are basedon the Group’s historical credit loss experience, adjusted for factors that are specific to the debtors, and an assessment of both the current and forecastgeneral economic conditions at the end of reporting period. Where the estimation is different from the previous estimate, such difference will affect thecarrying amounts of trade receivables and thus the impairment loss in the period in which such estimate is changed. The Group keeps assessing theexpected credit loss of trade receivables during their expected lives.Impairment LossesImpairment losses are based on an assessment of the investment or longlived assets’ ability to generate future cash flows when there is evidence thatthese assets may be impaired. The calculation of the amount of impairment loss are based on estimates made by management when applying broadaccounting principles governing the accounting for these assets. The determination of these estimates requires judgment by management. The finaloutcome may differ from the original estimates made by management, which may impact the carrying value of the assets which management has determinedto be impaired and charged to the Company’s profit loss during the period.F29Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsIncome TaxThe Group has exposure to income taxes in numerous jurisdictions. Significant judgment is involved in determining the Group’s provision for income taxes.There are certain transactions and computations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain during the ordinary course of business. The Grouprecognizes liabilities for expected tax issues based on estimates of whether additional taxes will be due. Where the final tax outcome of these matters isdifferent from the amounts that were initially recognized, such differences will impact the income tax and differed tax provisions in the period in which suchdetermination is made. The carrying amount of the Group’s income tax payable as at December 31, 2018 and 2017 amounted to $nil and $nil, respectively.6.KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTYIn the application of the Group’s accounting policies, which are described in Note 4, management is required to make estimates and assumptions about thecarrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based onhistorical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which theestimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and futureperiods.The following are the key assumptions concerning the future, and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the end of the reporting period, that havea significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets within the next financial year.Depreciation of building, machinery and equipmentAs described in Note 4, the Group reviews the estimated useful lives and residual values of property, plant and equipment at the end of each reportingperiod. The cost of building, machinery and equipment is depreciated on a straightline basis over the assets’ estimated useful lives. Managementestimates the useful lives of these buildings, machinery and equipment to be within 5 to 20 years. These are the common life expectancies applied in thesame industry. Changes in the expected level of usage and technological developments could impact the economic useful lives and the residual values ofthese assets, therefore future depreciation charges could be revised.F30Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsFair value of warrantsThe fair value of warrants was determined using a binomiallattice model. This model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including pricevolatility of the underlying stock. Changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the estimate of fair value of the warrants and theCompany’s results of operations could be impacted. This model is dependent upon several variables such as the instrument’s expected term, expectedstrike price, expected riskfree interest rate over the expected instrument term, the expected dividend yield rate over the expected instrument term, and theexpected volatility of the Company’s stock price over the expected term. The expected term represents the period of time that the instruments granted areexpected to be outstanding. The expected strike price is based upon a weighted average probability analysis of the strike price changes expected during theterm as a result of the down round protection. The riskfree rates are based on U.S. Treasury securities with similar maturities as the expected terms of theoptions at the date of valuation. Expected dividend yield is based on historical trends. The Company measures volatility using the volatility rates of marketindex.Impairment of nonfinancial assetsProperty, plant and equipment are tested for impairment whenever there is any objective evidence or indication that these assets may be impaired.For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the valueinuse) is determined on anindividual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. If this is the case, therecoverable amount is determined for the cashgeneratingunit (“CGU”) to which the asset belongs.If the recoverable amount of the asset (or CGU) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or CGU) is reduced to itsrecoverable amount.The difference between the carrying amount and recoverable amount is recognized as an impairment loss in the income statement, unless the asset iscarried at revalued amount, in which case, such impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.An impairment loss for an asset other than goodwill is reversed if, and only if, there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the asset’srecoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The carrying amount of this asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount,provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortization or depreciation) hadno impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years.F31Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsA reversal of impairment loss for an asset other than goodwill is recognized in the income statement, unless the asset is carried at revalued amount, inwhich case, such reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, the Company recognized impairment losses of $nil, $nil, and $4,659,838, respectively, for itsprepayments for acquisition of land use rights. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, the Company recognized impairment losses of$nil, $nil, and $6,989,200, respectively, for its related prepayments for construction on such land. The impairment reflects the current reduction in the valueof the investment as a result of the delay in time to complete the construction projects and delay in procurement of legal certificates that would lead to theassets being put into service that would give rise to expected future profitability which at December 31, 2018, has been temporarily postponed beyond thenext operating period. The impairment losses charged to the prepayments has brought the carrying values to their respective recoverable amount in its fairvalue less costs to sell.During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, the Company recognized impairment losses of $13,311,557, $nil, and $nil, respectively, for a partof its factory plant in Anhui that is not currently in use. The impairment reflects the current reduction in the value of the carrying cost as a result of thecompany’s evaluation of the recoverability of its investment. The impairment losses charged to the factory plant has brought the carrying values to theirrespective recoverable amount in its fair value less costs to sell.For the prepayment for acquisition of land use rights, the Company provided an estimate of its fair value based on the market value substitution rule. Theestimated fair value belongs to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because the input is determined through quoted prices of similar assets without anactively quoted market. Using the market approach, the Company compares the price of the land use right that the Company intended to acquire with theprice of similar land use rights in the same geographical area, adjusted by factors such as price index, frequency of actual transactions conducted,environmental conditions, etc. Significant assumptions used in this estimation include the ability to legally obtain such land use rights, the usage of land asindustrial use, the date of transaction at year end, etc. As a result, the Company provided an estimate in the amount of $5,154,034. Finally, the fair value isreduced by estimated costs to sell which include, but not limited to, legal costs, stamp duty, similar transaction tax, etc. in the amount of $379,971. The netvalue is then compared to the carrying value, and the difference is recorded as impairment loss in the amount of $1,317,295 in 2015. In 2016, since there is noprogress in regards to the acquisition of land use rights, the Company provided further impairment to bring the carrying value down to $0 as management isunable to assert the recoverability of such asset.F32Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsFor the prepayment for construction, the Company provided an estimate of its fair value based on the time value approach. The estimated fair valuebelongs to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because the input is not easily observable. Using this approach, the Company calculates the time value ofmoney of the amount prepaid based on the Company’s weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) in order to arrive at its fair value. The Company usesthis approach to determine its recoverable amount because such prepayments are not readily resalable, and the ability to realize this amount is contingentupon the Company’s ability to successfully acquire the land use right as mentioned above. Significant assumptions used in this estimation include usingthe WACC, which is comprised of the Company’s metrics of return of equity, return of debt, the relevant weights of the returns of equity and debt, and taxrate, in determining the fair value. As a result, as at December 31, 2015, the Company provided an estimate in the amount of $7,160,523. Since this asset isnot resalable, the company estimated costs to sell for this asset in the amount of $0. The net value is then compared to the carrying value, and thedifference is recorded as impairment loss in the amount of $1,248,039 in 2015. In 2017, since there was no progress in regards to the construction, theCompany provided further impairment to bring the carrying value down to $0 as management is unable to assert the recoverability of such asset.For the factory plant, the Company provided an estimate of its fair value based on the time value approach. The estimated fair value belongs to Level 3 ofthe fair value hierarchy because the input is not easily observable. Using this approach, the Company calculates the time value of money of the amountrecoverable based on the Company’s weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) in order to arrive at its fair value. The Company uses this approach todetermine its recoverable amount because a part of the factory plant is not readily resalable. Significant assumptions used in this estimation include usingthe WACC, which is comprised of the Company’s metrics of return of equity, return of debt, the relevant weights of the returns of equity and debt, and taxrate, in determining the fair value. As a result, as at December 31, 2018, the Company recorded as impairment loss in the amount of $13,311,557 in 2018,which brings the carrying value of the part of the factory plant not in use down to $0 as management is unable to assert the recoverability of such asset.F33Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements7.SEGMENT REPORTINGManagement currently identifies the Group’s three sales models as operating segments, which are wholesale, retail and contract manufacturing. Thesegment presentation is in accordance with management’s expectation of future business developments. These operating segments are monitored andstrategic decisions are made on the basis of segmental gross margins.WholesaleRetailSubcontractingConsolidatedFor the year ended December 31,For the year ended December 31,For the year ended December31,For the year ended December 31,By business201820172016201820172016201820172016201820172016Sales to externalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment revenue13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment grossmargins/(loss)2,245,9442,277,8586,504,893(5,402,994)(14,291,680)(5,668,061)840,914502,0071,321,441(2,316,137)(11,511,815)2,158,273Reconcilingitems(21,074,580)(7,901,842)(17,787,093)Profit/(loss)before tax(23,390,717)(19,413,657)(15,628,820)Income taxincome/(expense)5,422,1194,598,0613,726,133Profit/(loss) forthe year(17,968,598)(14,815,596)(11,902,687)As of December 31, 2018Wholesale andRetailSubcontractingUnallocatedConsolidatedCurrent assets27,287,5906,394,81417,46233,699,866Noncurrent assets7,864,39119,601,74927,466,140Total assets35,151,98125,996,56317,46261,166,006Current liabilities3,417,6551,590,5641,856,4676,864,685Total liabilities3,417,6551,590,5641,856,4676,864,685As of December 31, 2017Wholesale andRetailSubcontractingUnallocatedConsolidatedCurrent assets34,036,8836,284,11822,38440,343,385Noncurrent assets8,987,85731,978,46240,966,319Total assets43,024,74038,262,58022,38481,309,704Current liabilities3,722,2771,995,1641,565,0687,282,509Total liabilities3,722,2771,995,1641,565,0687,282,509Geographical informationThe Group’s operations are located in the PRC and all of the Group’s revenue is derived from sales to customers in the PRC. Hence, no analysis bygeographical area of operations is provided.F34Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsInformation about major customersMajor distributors that make up 10% or more of wholesale revenue are as below:Year ended December 31,201820172016Distributor A1,331,1941,454,8623,782,718Other distributors12,253,56013,579,93828,344,36513,584,75415,034,80032,127,083Information about major suppliersMajor suppliers that make up 10% or more of purchases are as below:Year ended December 31,201820172016Supplier A3,031,3102,403,3096,655,740Supplier B2,879,1105,424,342Supplier C1,530,4294,083,924Supplier D3,023,297Supplier E1,714,468Supplier F1,684,743Supplier G1,684,910Other suppliers2,901,9825,065,5636,436,80910,497,31212,398,51225,624,1128.REVENUEYear ended December 31,201820172016ApparelWholesale13,584,75415,034,80032,127,083Retail2,375,7736,983,5925,529,985Subtotal15,960,52722,018,39237,657,068Subcontracting2,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Revenue is denominated only in USD.F35Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements9.COST OF SALESCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for productionpurpose, outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges, and water and electricity. The following table shows a breakdown of cost of sales for theperiods presented for each category:Year ended December 31,201820172016Changes in inventories of finished goods and work in progress(24,474)227,132(302,979)Materials consumed in production29,61941,057120,847Purchases of finished goods19,044,58233,877,59836,567,197Labor1,061,943602,1961,313,120Depreciation352,739370,858236,578Rental452Taxes and surcharges *75,736157,314253,039Water and electricity62,02752,79648,557Inventory provision196,1248320Others128,773120,886238,562Foreign currency translation difference(76,269)(175,493)566,69120,851,25235,274,35239,041,932* Tax and surcharges are mainly Urban Maintenance and Construction Tax (7% of Valued Added Tax payment amount), Extra Charges of Education Fund(3% of Valued Added Tax payment amount) and Local Surcharge for Education Fund (2% of Valued Added Tax payment amount).10.OTHER INCOMEYear ended December 31,201820172016Government grant367,260469,569Interest income on bank deposits71,69381,51785,482Other50,44612,787122,139461,564555,05111.OTHER GAINS AND (LOSSES)Year ended December 31,201820172016Gain on disposals of property, plant and equipment1,38017110,541Foreign exchange gain(49)(48)54Provision / reversal of inventory obsolescence(196,124)(101,256)(1,667)Bad debt provision of trade receivables(331,196)Impairment of prepayments in land purchase and related construction(11,649,038)Impairment of property(13,311,557)Others(15,950)(21,110)847,539(13,522,300)(122,243)(11,123,767)F36Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements12.DISTRIBUTION AND SELLING EXPENSESYear ended December 31,201820172016Rental16,06621,52730,225Depreciation1,2182,680490,527Labor275,026258,233211,274Subsidy to distributors787,064773,238910,537Promotion15,62332,216137,210Advertisement1,152,1761,591,7421,554,023Others423,782585,744272,2142,670,9553,265,3803,606,01013.ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSEYear ended December 31,201820172016Labor2,193,1201,600,3801,170,013Audit fee122,908216,281(33,997)Professional fee69,63977,75475,609Design fee648,632937,478465,120Depreciation and amortization charges1,185,2571,149,4551,163,293Bank charges8,13018,35212,943Rental75,90774,66875,673Travelling and entertainment2,662107,56644,874Others600,765697,463570,4654,907,0204,879,3973,543,99314.FINANCE COSTSYear ended December 31,201820172016Interest expenses on bank borrowingswholly repayable within one year96,44496,38571,783Bank borrowings interests are charged at a rate of 6.09% per annum for the bank loan that was fully repaid in 2018.Bank borrowings interests are charged at a rate of 6.09% per annum for the current bank loan.F37Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements15.INCOME TAX (INCOME)/ EXPENSEor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:●the gain is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States by such non U.S. holder, and, if an income tax treaty applies,is attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by such nonU.S. holder in the U.S.;●the nonU.S. holder is an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the disposition, and certain otherconditions are met; or●We are or have been a “U.S. real property holding corporation,” or USRPHC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes at any time during the shorter of the fiveyear period ending on the date of disposition or the period during which the holder has held our Common Stock.NonU.S. holders whose gain is described in the first bullet point above will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the gain derived from the sale, net of certaindeductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. Corporate nonU.S. holders whose gain is described in the first bullet point above may also be subject to thebranch profits tax described above at a 30% rate or lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty. Individual nonU.S. holders described in the second bulletpoint above will be subject to a flat 30% U.S. federal income tax rate on the gain derived from the sale, which may be offset by U.S.source capital losses, eventhough such nonU.S. holders are not considered to be residents of the United States.A corporation will be a USRPHC if the fair market value of its U.S. real property interests equals or exceeds 50 percent of the aggregate of its real property interests(U.S. and nonU.S.) and its assets used or held for use in a trade or business. Because we do not currently own significant U.S. real property, we believe that we arenot currently and will not become a USRPHC. However, because the determination of whether we are a USRPHC depends on the fair market value of our U.S. realproperty relative to the fair market value of our other business assets, there can be no assurance that we will not become a USRPHC in the future. Even if we becomea USRPHC, however, as long as our common stock are regularly traded on an established securities market, such common stock will be treated as U.S. real propertyinterests only if a nonU.S. holder actually or constructively holds more than 5% of such regularly traded common stock at any time during the applicable period thatis specified in the Code.Foreign Account Tax ComplianceThe Foreign Account Tax Compliance provisions of the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act (generally referred to as “FATCA”), when applicable, willimpose a U.S. federal withholding tax of 30% on payments of dividends on, and (for dispositions after December 31, 2018) gross proceeds from dispositions of, ourcommon stock that are held through “foreign financial institutions” (which is broadly defined for this purpose and in general includes investment vehicles) andcertain other nonU.S. entities unless various U.S. information reporting and due diligence requirements (generally relating to ownership by U.S. persons of certaininterests in or accounts with those entities) have been satisfied or an exemption applies. An intergovernmental agreement between the United States and anapplicable foreign country may modify these requirements. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the effect, if any, of the FATCA provisions ontheir particular circumstances.78Table of ContentsInformation Reporting and Backup WithholdingPayments of dividends or of proceeds on the disposition of stock made to a holder of our common stock may be subject to information reporting and backupwithholding at a current rate of 24% unless such holder provides a correct taxpayer identification number on IRS Form W9 (or other appropriate withholding form)or establishes an exemption from backup withholding, for example by properly certifying the holder’s nonU.S. status on a Form W8BEN, Form W8BENE oranother appropriate version of IRS Form W8. Payments of dividends to holders must generally be reported annually to the IRS, along with the name and address ofthe holder and the amount of tax withheld, if any. A similar report is sent to the holder. Pursuant to applicable income tax treaties or other agreements, the IRS maymake these reports available to tax authorities in the holder’s country of residence.Backup withholding is not an additional tax; rather, the U.S. income tax liability of persons subject to backup withholding will be reduced by the amount of taxwithheld. If withholding results in an overpayment of taxes, a refund or credit may generally be obtained from the IRS, provided that the required information isfurnished to the IRS in a timely manner.F.Dividends and Paying AgentsNot applicable.G.Statement by ExpertsNot applicable.H.Documents on DisplayWe have filed this annual report on Form 20F with the SEC under the Exchange Act. Statements made in this report as to the contents of any document referred toare not necessarily complete. With respect to each such document filed as an exhibit to this report, reference is made to the exhibit for a more complete description ofthe matter involved, and each such statement shall be deemed qualified in its entirety by such reference.We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act as a foreign private issuer and file reports and other information with the SEC. Reports andother information filed by us with the SEC, including this report, may be inspected and copied at the public reference room of the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E.,Washington D.C. 20549. You can also obtain copies of this report by mail from the Public Reference Section of the SEC, 100 F. Street, N.E., Washington D.C. 20549, atprescribed rates. Additionally, copies of this material may be obtained from the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. The SEC’s telephone number is 1800SEC0330. In accordance with NASDAQ Stock Market Rule 5250(d), we will also post this annual report on Form 20F on our website at www.kbsfashion.com.As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of quarterly reports and proxy statements,and officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and shortswing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the ExchangeAct.I.Subsidiary InformationNot applicable.ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKInterest Rate RiskWe deposit surplus funds with Chinese banks earning daily interest. We do not invest in any instruments for trading purposes. Most of our outstanding debtinstruments carry fixed rates of interest. Our operations generally are not directly sensitive to fluctuations in interest rates and we currently do not have any longterm debt outstanding. Management monitors the banks’ prime rates in conjunction with our cash requirements to determine the appropriate level of debt balancesrelative to other sources of funds. We have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to interest rate risk.79Table of ContentsForeign Exchange RiskWhile our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar, substantially all of our consolidated revenues and consolidated costs and expenses are denominated in RMB.Substantially all of our assets are denominated in RMB. As a result, we are exposed to foreign exchange risk as our revenues and results of operations may beaffected by fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the RMB. If the RMB depreciates against the U.S. dollar, the value of our RMB revenues,earnings and assets as expressed in our U.S. dollar financial statements will decline. Assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates at the balance sheet datesand revenue and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates and equity is translated at historical exchange rates. Any resulting translation adjustmentsare not included in determining net income but are included in determining other comprehensive income, a component of equity. An average appreciation(depreciation) of the RMB against the U.S. dollar of 5% would increase (decrease) our comprehensive income by $0.93 million based on our outstanding revenues,costs and expenses, assets and liabilities denominated in RMB as of December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2018, our accumulated other comprehensive income was$1.8 million. We have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign exchange risk.The value of RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies is affected by, among other things, changes in China’s political and economic conditions. Since July2005, RMB has not been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Although the People’s Bank of China regularly intervenes in the foreign exchange market to prevent significantshortterm fluctuations in the exchange rate, RMB may appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the medium to long term. Moreover, itis possible that in the future, PRC authorities may lift restrictions on fluctuations in RMB exchange rate and lessen intervention in the foreign exchange market.InflationInflationary factors such as increases in the cost of our product and overhead costs may adversely affect our operating results. Although we do not believe thatinflation has had a material impact on our financial position or results of operations to date, a high rate of inflation in the future may have an adverse effect on ourability to maintain current levels of gross margin and selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net revenues if the selling prices of ourproducts do not increase with these increased costs.ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIESA.Debt SecuritiesNot applicable.B.Warrants and RightsNot applicable.C.Other SecuritiesNot applicable.D.American Depositary SharesWe do not have any American Depositary Shares.80Table of ContentsPART IIITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIESNone.ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDSNone.ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURESA.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresAn evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2018, was made under the supervision and with the participation ofour management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based on that evaluation, we concluded that our disclosure controls andprocedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms.B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a15(f) underthe Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding thereliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS and includes those policies and procedures that (1)pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of a company’s assets, (2) providereasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally acceptedaccounting principles, and that a company’s receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of a company’s management anddirectors, and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of a company’s assets thatcould have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.Because of its inherent limitations, a system of internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to consolidated financialstatement preparation and presentation and may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods aresubject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures maydeteriorate.As required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and related rules as promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission, our managementassessed the effectiveness of the our internal control over the financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, using criteria established in Internal Control — IntegratedFramework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment using those criteria, our managementconcluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2018.C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting FirmBecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer, this annual report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internalcontrol over financial reporting.81Table of ContentsD.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERTThe audit committee of our board of directors currently consists of three members, Matthew C. Los (who serves as chairman), John Sano andYuet Mei Chan. Ourboard of directors has determined that all of our audit committee members are “independent” under the Exchange Act and have the requisite financial knowledgeand experience to serve as members of our audit committee. In addition, our board of directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is an “audit committee financialexpert” as defined in Item 16A of the Instructions to Form 20F and meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements due to his current and past experience invarious companies in which he was responsible for, amongst others, the financial oversight responsibilities.ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICSOn October 25, 2014, our Audit Committee adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to all of the directors, officers and employees of the Company and its subsidiaries,including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer. The Code of Ethics addresses, among other things, honesty andethical conduct, conflicts of interest, compliance with laws, regulations and policies, including disclosure requirements under the federal securities laws,confidentiality, trading on inside information, and reporting of violations of the code. A copy of the Code of Ethics is filed as Exhibit 11.1 to the annual report onForm 20F filed on October 27, 2015 and is also available on our website at www.kbsfashion.com. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, there were nowaivers of our Code of Ethics.ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICESThe following table sets forth the aggregate fees by categories specified below in connection with services rendered by our principal external auditors for theperiods indicated.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,20182017Audit Fees*$120,000$110,000AuditRelated FeesTax FeesTOTAL$120,000$110,000*“Audit Fees” consisted of the aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements or services that arenormally provided by the accountant in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.Our Audit Committee preapproves all auditing services and permitted nonaudit services to be performed for us by our independent auditor, including the fees andterms thereof (subject to the de minimums exceptions for nonaudit services described in Section 10A(i)(l)(B) of the Exchange Act that are approved by our AuditCommittee prior to the completion of the audit). The percentage of services provided for which we paid auditrelated fees, tax fees, or other fees that were approvedby our Audit Committee pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(i)(C) of Rule 201 of Regulation SX promulgated by the SEC was 100%.ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEESPrior to July 10, 2017, in lieu of an audit committee comprised of three independent directors, our audit committee was comprised of two independent members of ourboard of directors. On July 10, 2017, the board of directors appointed Ms. Yuet Mei Chan as an independent director and a member of the audit committee. As aresult, we are in full compliance with the Nasdaq listing rules for the audit committee.82Table of ContentsITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERSThere were no purchases of equity securities made by or on behalf of us or any “affiliated purchaser” as defined in Rule 10b18 of the Exchange Act during theperiod covered by this Annual Report.ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANTNone.ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCEWe were incorporated in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (“RMI”) and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable RMI law, our articles ofincorporation and bylaws. In addition, because our common stock is listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements.NASDAQ Listing Rule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600,provided that such foreign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes thehome country practice followed in lieu of such requirement. The home country practices that we follow in lieu of NASDAQ’s corporate governance rules are asfollows:●we currently do not have a nominating committee or a compensation committee;●we did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in fiscal 2018; however, we may, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issuesthat require shareholders’ approvals; and●in lieu of obtaining shareholder approval prior to the adoption of an agreement pursuant to which stock may be acquired by officers, directors, employeesor consultants, the board of directors approves such adoption.ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURENot applicable.83Table of ContentsPART IIIITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTSWe have elected to provide financial statement pursuant to Item 18.ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTSThe financial statements are filed as part of this annual report beginning on page F1.ITEM 19.EXHIBITSExhibit No.Description1.1Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Amendment No. 4 to the registrant’s RegistrationStatement on Form F1 filed on October 24, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).1.2Articles of Amendment, filed with the Office of the Registrar of Corporations of Republic of the Marshall Islands on October 31, 2014(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant on October 27, 2015)1.3Articles of Amendment, filed with the Office of the Registrar of Corporations of Republic of the Marshall Islands on February 3, 2017(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Report on Form 6K furnished by the registrant on February 3, 2017)1.4Bylaws as amended on September 22, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.3 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant onOctober 27, 2015)2.1Specimen of Unit Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant on October 27,2015)2.2Specimen of Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant onOctober 27, 2015)2.3Specimen of Public Redeemable Warrant Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.3 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by theregistrant on October 27, 2015)2.4Specimen Placement Unit Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Amendment No. 3 to the registrant’s Registration Statement onForm F1 filed on October 15, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).2.5Specimen Placement Warrant Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Amendment No. 1 to the registrant’s RegistrationStatement on Form F1 filed on June 5, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).2.6Form of Warrant Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Amendment No. 4 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on FormF1 filed on October 24, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).2.7Form of Unit Purchase Option (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the Amendment No. 3 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on FormF1 filed on October 15, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).4.1Form of Registration Rights Agreement among the Registrant and the founders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Amendment No. 1to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F1 filed on June 5, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).4.2Form of Placement Unit Purchase Agreement between the registrant and the founders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the AmendmentNo. 4 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F1 filed on October 24, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).4.3Share Exchange Agreement and Plan of Liquidation, dated March 24, 2014, by and among Aquasition Corp., KBS International Holdings, Inc.,Hongri International Holdings Limited, Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registration Reporton Form 6K filed by the registrant on April 4, 2014)4.4Frist Amendment to Share Exchange Agreement and Plan of Liquidation, dated June 21, 2014 by and among Aquasition Corp., KBS InternationalHoldings, Inc., Hongri International Holdings Limited, Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (D)(3) toAmendment No.4 to the Schedule TO filed by the registrant on July 9, 2014)4.5Voting Agreement , dated August 1, 2014, by and among Aquasition Corp., Aquasition Investments Corp., Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to Shell Company Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant on August 7, 2014)84Table of ContentsExhibit No.Description4.6Form of Resale LockUp Agreement, dated August 1, 2014, by and among Aquasition Corp., Aquasition Investments Corp., Cheung So Wa, ChanSun Keung and other named parties(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.12 to Shell Company Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant onAugust 7, 2014)4.7Employee Agreement with Keyan Yan, dated August 1, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.13 to Shell Company Report on Form 20F filedby the registrant on August 7, 2014)4.8Employee Agreement with Lixia Tu, dated June 25, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.12 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by theregistrant on October 27, 2015)4.92018 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S8 filed by the registrant on December27, 2018)8.1List of the registrant’s subsidiaries (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 8.1 to Shell Company Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant onAugust 7, 2014)11.1Code of Ethics, adopted on October 25, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 11.1 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registranton October 27, 2015)12.1Certifications of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a14(a) or Rule 15d1(a)12.2Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a14(a) or Rule 15d1(a)13.1Certifications of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 200213.2Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 200215.1Consent from WWC, P.C., Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm101.INSXBRL Instance Document101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document85Table of ContentsSIGNATUREThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this report on its behalf. Date: April 30, 2019KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED/s/ Keyan YanKeyan YanChief Executive Officer86Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Financial StatementsFor the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016(Stated in US dollars)Table of ContentsCONTENTSPAGESREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMF2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/ (LOSS)F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITIONF4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITYF5CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSF6 – F7NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF8 – F59F1Table of ContentsREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo:The Board of Directors and Stockholders ofKBS Fashion Group LimitedOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of KBS Fashion Group Limited (the Company) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017,and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the threeyearperiod ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, inall material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of theyears in the threeyear period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International AccountingStandards Board.Emphasis of MatterThe Company incurred significant losses during the year ended December 31, 2018. The losses were related to the sale of products at discounted prices andimpairment loss charged during the year. During the year, the Company completed its cash management strategy that was put in place in 2017.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required tobe independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ WWC, P.C.WWC, P.C.Certified Public AccountantsWe have served as the Company’s auditor since April 25, 2016.San Mateo, CaliforniaApril 30, 2019F2Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income/ (Loss)For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016(Stated in U.S. Dollars)Year ended December 31,Notes201820172016Revenue818,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales9(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)Gross (loss)/profit(2,316,137)(11,511,816)2,158,273Other income10122,139461,564555,051Other gains and (losses)11(13,522,300)(122,243)(11,123,767)Distribution and selling expenses12(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)Administrative expenses13(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)Loss from operations(23,294,273)(19,317,272)(15,560,446)Finance costs14(96,444)(96,385)(71,783)Change in fair value of warrant liabilities313,409Loss before tax(23,390,717)(19,413,657)(15,628,820)Income tax income155,422,1194,598,0613,726,133Loss for the year16(17,968,598)(14,815,596)(11,902,687)Other comprehensive (loss) incomecurrency translation differences(3,071,697)4,810,715(6,125,433)Total comprehensive loss for the year(21,040,295)(10,004,881)(18,028,120)Loss per share of common stock attributable to the CompanyBasic19(8.06)(7.96)(6.80)Diluted19(8.06)(7.96)(6.80)Weighted average shares outstanding:Basic192,229,9151,860,8311,750,142Diluted192,229,9151,860,8311,750,142The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F3Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Financial PositionAs at December 31, 2018, and 2017(Stated in U.S. Dollars)As of December 31,Notes20182017Noncurrent assetsProperty, plant and equipmentnet2012,173,80827,824,523Prepayments and premiums under operating leases212,371,7352,568,199Prepayment for construction of new plant22Prepayment for acquisition of land use right23Land use rights24603,503648,652Deferred tax assets1514,688,8299,924,94429,837,87540,966,318Current assetsInventories251,245,8001,806,212Trade receivables268,122,22310,501,543Other receivables and prepayments26855,4731,901,268Subsidies prepaid to distributorsPrepayments and premiums under operating leases2178,53283,907Cash and cash equivalents2721,026,10326,050,45631,328,13140,343,386Total assets61,166,00681,309,704Current liabilitiesShort term bank loans301,092,7831,606,930Trade and other payables285,278,4605,451,830Related parties payables29445,614154,137Contract liabilities47,82869,6126,864,6857,282,509Noncurrent liabilityWarrant liabilities31Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,509EquityShare capital32227198Share premium328,000,5616,686,169Revaluation reserve33184,272184,272Statutory surplus reserve336,084,8366,084,836Retained profits3346,178,21364,146,811Foreign currency translation reserve33(6,146,788)(3,075,091)54,301,32174,027,195Total liabilities and equity61,166,00681,309,704The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F4Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Changes in EquityFor the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016(Stated in U.S. Dollars)ForeignStatutorycurrencyShareShareRevaluationsurplusRetainedtranslationcapitalpremiumreservereserveprofitsreserveTotal(Note 32)(Note 32)(Note 33)(Note 33)(Note 33)(Note 33)Balance at January 1, 20161705,627,2476,069,45790,880,473(1,760,373)100,816,974Reclassification of revaluation surplus184,272184,272Shares issued for stockbased compensation7428,993429,000Loss for the year(11,902,687)(11,902,687)Other comprehensive loss for the year(6,125,433)(6,125,433)Appropriation to statutory surplus reserve15,379(15,379)Balance at December 31, 20161776,056,240184,2726,084,83678,962,407(7,885,806)83,402,126Shares issued for stockbased compensation21629,929629,950Loss for the year(14,815,596)(14,815,596)Other comprehensive income for the year4,810,7154,810,715Balance at December 31, 20171986,686,169184,2726,084,83664,146,811(3,075,091)74,027,195Shares issued for stockbased compensation291,314,3921,314,421Loss for the year(17,968,598)(17,968,598)Other comprehensive loss for the year(3,071,697)(3,071,697)Balance at December 31, 20182278,000,561184,2726,084,83646,178,213(6,146,788)54,301,321The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F5Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Cash FlowsFor the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016(Stated in U.S. Dollars)Year ended December 31,201820172016OPERATING ACTIVITIESLoss for the year(17,968,598)(14,815,596)(11,902,687)Adjustments for:Sharebased payment1,314,420629,950429,000Finance cost96,44496,38571,783Change in fair value of warrant liabilities(3,409)Interest income(71,693)(81,517)(85,482)Depreciation of property, plant and equipment1,521,7251,510,2131,942,735Amortization of prepaid lease payments and trademark14,54514,30719,009Amortization of subsidies prepaid to distributors401,259910,537Amortization of prepayments and premiums under operating leases107,088105,340118,783Provision/(reversal) of inventory obsolescence196,124101,256(1,667)Bad debt provision of trade receivables331,196Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment9402,4181,441Provision of impairment loss in property, plant and equipment13,311,557Provision of impairment loss in prepayments11,649,038Operating cash flows before movements in working capital(1,477,448)(12,035,985)3,480,277Decrease in trade and other receivables1,941,33613,983,7817,265,940Decrease in inventories294,204669,923889,384Increase/(decrease) in trade and other payables2,036522,839(1,080,978)(Decrease)/increase in income tax payable(263,333)155,632Increase in deferred tax assets(5,422,119)(4,598,061)(3,779,923)Prepayments and premiums paid under operating leases958,6383,645,471(1,761,155)Subsidies prepaid to distributors(910,537)CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES(3,703,353)1,924,6354,258,640Income tax paid(2,385)(1,064,351)NET CASH FROM/(USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES(3,703,353)1,922,2503,194,289INVESTING ACTIVITIESInterest received71,69381,51785,482Purchase of property, plant and equipment(18,761)(946,882)(40,037)NET CASH FROM/(USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES52,932(865,365)45,445The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F6Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Cash FlowsFor the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016(Stated in U.S. Dollars)Year ended December 31,201820172016FINANCING ACTIVITIESInterest paid(96,444)(96,385)(71,783)New bank loans raised1,130,8401,557,3361,578,289Repayment of borrowings(1,583,175)(1,557,336)Advance from related party299,542387,030173,003Repayment to related party(7,633)(1,386,555)NET CASH FROM/(USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS(3,907,291)(39,025)4,919,243Effects of currency translation(1,117,062)1,513,140(1,556,982)CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF YEAR26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR21,026,10326,050,45624,576,341The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F7Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements1.GENERAL INFORMATIONOn January 26, 2012, Aquasition Investments Corp (“Company”) was organized as a blank check company pursuant to the laws of the Republic of theMarshall Islands for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, or similar acquisition transaction,one or more operating businesses or assets.On March 24, 2014, the Company entered into a Share Exchange Agreement and Plan of Liquidation (the “Agreement”) among KBS International Holdings,Inc. (“KBS”), a Nevada corporation, Hongri International Holdings Ltd (“Hongri”), a company organized under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, andCheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, the principal shareholders of KBS.On August 1, 2014, the share exchange was completed. In order to align with the brand and operations of the entities acquired pursuant to the Agreement,the Company changed its name from Aquasition Investments Corp to KBS Fashion Group Limited.The Company’s units which are comprised of one share of common stock and one warrant are traded on the NASDAQ Capital Markets. The Company’strading symbol is KBSF.The acquisition was accounted for as a reverse merger and recapitalization where the Company, the legal acquirer is the accounting acquiree, and KBS, thelegal acquiree, was the accounting acquirer.Description of Subsidiaries:Hongri International Holdings Limited (the “Hongri”), formerly known as Wah Ying International Investment Inc., was incorporated in the British VirginIslands (the “BVI”) on July 8, 2008 as a limited liability company with authorized share capital of $50,000, divided into 50,000 common shares with $1 parvalue. Up through December 31, 2010, 10,000 common shares had been issued at par. On January 27, 2011, the Company issued an additional 10,000common shares for cash consideration at $77 per share. The principal activity of the Company is investment holding. Hongri a directly wholly ownedsubsidiary of the Company.France Cock (China) Limited (“France Cock”) was incorporated in Hong Kong on September 21, 2005 as a limited liability company with authorized capitalof HK$10,000, divided into 10,000 common shares with par value of HK$1. The capital has been fully paid up. The principal activity of France Cock is theholding of intellectual property rights such as trademarks. France Cock owns the Company’s trademarks, including “KBS” and “Kabiniao”. France Cock is adirectly wholly owned subsidiary of Hongri.F8Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsRoller Rome Limited (“Roller Rome”) was incorporated in the BVI on March 28, 2006 as a limited liability company with authorized share capital of $50,000,divided into 50,000 common shares with par value of $1. The principal activity of Roller Rome is the provision of design and development services forsports apparel. Roller Rome is a directly wholly owned subsidiary of Hongri.Vast Billion Investment Limited (“Vast Billion”) was incorporated in Hong Kong on November 25, 2010 as a limited liability company with authorized sharecapital of HK$10,000 divided into 10,000 ordinary shares with HK$1par value. One ordinary share has been issued at par. Vast Billion is an investmentholding company, and is a directly wholly owned subsidiary of Hongri.Hongri (Fujian) Sports Goods Co. Ltd. (“Hongri Fujian”) was established in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”) on November 17, 2005 with aregistered and paid up capital of RMB 5,000,000. On March 24, 2011, Hongri Fujian increased registered capital from RMB 70,000,000 to RMB75,000,000. Asof September 30, 2011, the paid up capital was RMB 39,551,860. Hongri Fujian is engaged in the design, manufacture, marketing, and sale of apparel in thePRC. Hongri Fujian is a directly wholly owned subsidiary of Vast Billion.Anhui Kai Xin Apparel Company Limited (“Anhui Kai Xin”) was established in the PRC on March 16, 2011 with a registered and paid up capital of RMB1,000,000. Anhui Kai Xin is a wholly owned subsidiary of Hongri Fujian. Anhui Kai Xin provides contracting manufacturing services for companies in thesports apparel business.2.GROUP ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSThe Group structure as at the reporting date is as follows:F9Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements3.APPLICATION OF NEW AND REVISED INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (“IFRS”)Except as described below, for the year ended December 31, 2018 the Company has consistently adopted all the new and revised standards, amendmentsand interpretations (collectively IFRSs) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and the IFRS Interpretations Committee(formerly known as “International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee” (“IFRIC”)) of the IASB that are effective for financial year beginning onJanuary 1, 2018 in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements throughout the year.IFRS 2 (amendments) Classification and Measurement of Sharebased Payment TransactionsIAS 40 (amendments) Transfers of Investment PropertyAnnual improvements to IFRSs 2014–2016 cycleAmendments to IAS 28 Investments in Associates and Joint VenturesAmendments to IFRS 11: Accounting for acquisitions of interests in joint operationsIFRIC 22 Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance ConsiderationAmendments to IAS 16 and IAS 38: Clarification of acceptable methods of depreciation and amortizationAmendment to IAS 27: Equity method in separate financial statementsAmendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and IAS 28: Investment entities: applying the consolidation exceptionAmendments to IAS 1: Disclosure initiativeOther than as explained below regarding the impact of IFRS 9 and IFRS 15, the adoption of the above new and revised standards had no significantfinancial effect on these financial statements. Other standards, amendments and interpretations which are effective for the financial year beginning onJanuary 1, 2018 are not material to the Group.F10Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsIFRS 9, Financial instrumentsThe Company has initially adopted IFRS 9, Financial instruments from January 1, 2018. IFRS 9 replaces IAS 39, Financial instruments: recognition andmeasurement. It sets out requirements for recognising and measuring financial assets, financial liabilities and some contracts to buy or sell nonfinancialitems.Based on the assessment by the Company, there is no significant cumulative effect of the initial application of IFRS 9 at January 1, 2018 in accordance withthe transition requirement.Classification and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities IFRS 9 contains three principal classification and measurement categories forfinancial assets: amortised cost, FVOCI, and fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”).The classification for debt instruments is determined based on the entity’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual cash flowcharacteristics of the asset. A debt instrument will be measured at amortised cost if the instrument is held for the collection of contractual cash flows whichrepresent solely payments of principal and interest. Interest income from the debt instrument is calculated using the effective interest method.For equity instruments, the classification is FVTPL regardless of the entity’s business model. The only exception is if the equity instrument is not held fortrading and the entity irrevocably elects to designate that instrument as FVOCI. If an equity instrument is designated as FVOCI then only dividend incomeon that instrument will be recognised in profit or loss. Gains or losses on that instrument will be recognised in other comprehensive income withoutrecycling through profit or loss.For an explanation of how the Group classifies and measures financial assets and recognises related gains and losses under IFRS 9, see note 4, significantaccounting policies.The measurement categories and carrying amounts for all financial liabilities at January 1, 2018 have not been impacted by the initial application of IFRS 9.The Group did not designate or redesignate any financial asset or financial liability at FVTPL at January 1, 2018.Further, IFRS 9 replaces the “incurred loss” model in IAS 39 with an ECL model. The ECL model requires an ongoing measurement of credit risk associatedwith a financial asset and therefore recognises credit losses earlier than under the “incurred loss” model in IAS 39.F11Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsFor further details on the Group’s accounting policy for accounting for credit losses, see note 4, significant accounting policies.The Group has concluded that there is no material impact for the initial application of the new impairment requirements.IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with CustomersIFRS 15 establishes a fivestep model comprehensive framework for the recognition of revenue from contracts with customer: (i) identify the contract; (ii)identify performance obligations; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recogniserevenue when (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied, i.e. when “control” of the goods or services underlying the particular performance obligation istransferred to the customer. IFRS 15 replaced IAS 18 Revenue, IAS 11 Construction Contracts and related interpretations.IFRS 15 also introduces additional qualitative and quantitative disclosure requirements which aim to enable users of the financial statements to understandthe nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.The Company’s business model is straight forward and its contracts with customers for the sale of goods include only single performance obligation. TheCompany has concluded that revenue from sale should be recognised at the point of time when a customer obtains control of goods. The Company hasconcluded that the initial application of IFRS 15 does not have a significant impact on the Company’s revenue recognition.Under IFRS 15, a contract liability, is recognised when a customer pays consideration, or is contractually required to pay consideration and the amount isalready due, before the Company recognises the related revenue, or when the Company receives consideration from a customer and expects to refund someor all of that consideration to the customer (i.e. refund liability). To reflect this change in presentation, contract liabilities, including receipts in advance fromcustomers and refund liabilities are now separately presented as contract liabilities at December 31, 2018, as a result of the adoption of IFRS 15.F12Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsAt the date these consolidated financial statements are authorized for issuance, the IASB has issued the following new and revised InternationalAccounting Standards (“IASs”), IFRSs, amendments and IFRICs which are not yet effective in respect of the years. The Company has not early applied thefollowing new and revised standards, amendments or interpretations that have been issued but are not yet effective:IFRS 16 Leases(1)IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts(2)Amendments to IFRS 9 Prepayment Features with Negative Compensation(1)Amendments to IAS 28 Longterm Interests in Associates and Joint Ventures(1)Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2015–2017 Cycle Amendments to IFRS 3 Business Combinations, IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements, IAS 12 IncomeTaxes and IAS 23 Borrowing Costs(1)Amendments to IAS 19 Employee Benefits Plan Amendment, Curtailment or Settlement(1)IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements and IAS 28 (amendments) Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or JointVenture(3)IFRIC 23 Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments(1)(1) Effective for the accounting period beginning on January 1, 2019.(2) Effective for the accounting period beginning on January 1, 2021.(3) The effective date of the amendments has yet to be set by the IASBThe Company will apply the above new standards and amendments to standards when they become effective. The Company is in the process of making anassessment of the impact of the above new standards and amendments to standards.In relation to IFRS 16, the standard will result in almost all leases being recognised on the balance sheet, as the distinction between operating and financeleases is removed. Under the new standard, an asset (the right to use the leased item) and a financial liability to pay rentals are recognised. The onlyexceptions are shortterm and lowvalue leases. The accounting for lessors will not significantly change. The standard will affect primarily the accountingfor Company’s operating leases. As at the reporting date, the Company has noncancellable operating lease commitments of 2,450,267, see Note 34.However, the Company has not yet determined to what extent these commitments will result in the recognition of an asset and a liability for future paymentsand how this will affect the Group’s profit and classification of cash flows. Some of the commitments may be covered by the exception for shortterm andlow value leases and some commitments may relate to arrangements that will not qualify as leases under IFRS 16.The standard is mandatory for accounting periods commencing on or after January 1, 2019. At this stage, the Company does not intend to adopt thestandard before its effective date.There are no other standards and interpretations in issue but not yet adopted that the directors anticipate will have a material effect on the consolidatedfinancial statements of the Company.F13Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements4.SIGNIFCANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESThe principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial statements are set out below. The policies have been consistently applied to allthe years presented, unless otherwise stated.Basis of preparationThe consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis and in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. The principalaccounting policies are set out below.Basis of consolidationThe consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the Company and entities controlled by the Company (its subsidiaries).Control is achieved where the Company has the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities.Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies into line with those used by othermembers of the Group.All intragroup transactions, balances, income and expenses are eliminated on consolidation.Foreign currenciesFunctional and presentation currencyItems included in the financial statements are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the“functional currency”).The Group conducts its business predominately in the PRC and hence its functional currency is the Renminbi (RMB).F14Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsTranslation from RMB to USD found place at the following rates:Period end ratesAverage ratesDecember 31, 2016USD 1.00= RMB 6.9370USD 1.00=RMB 6.6528 December 31, 2017USD 1.00= RMB 6.5924USD 1.00=RMB 6.7423December 31, 2018USD 1.00= RMB 6.8632USD 1.00=RMB 6.6322Translation from HKD to USD found place at the following rates:Period end ratesAverage ratesDecember 31, 2016USD 1.00= HKD 7.7552USD 1.00=HKD 7.7614December 31, 2017USD 1.00= HKD 7.8170USD 1.00=HKD 7.7928December 31, 2018USD 1.00= HKD 7.8329USD 1.00=HKD 7.8636The results and financial positions in functional currency are translated into the presentation currency, USD, of the Company as follows:(1)Assets and liabilities for each balance sheet presented are translated at the closing rate at the date of that balance sheet;(2)Income and expenses for each income statement are translated at average exchange rates (unless this average is not a reasonable approximation ofthe cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and expenses are translated at the dates of thetransactions);(3)Share equity, share premium and dividends are translated at historical exchange rates; and(4)All resulting exchange differences are recognized in foreign currency translation reserve, a separate component of equity.All financial information presented in USD has been rounded to the nearest dollar, except when otherwise indicated.Segment reportingOperating segments, and the amounts of each segment item reported in the financial statements, are identified from the financial information providedregularly to the Group’s most senior executive management for the purposes of allocating resources to, and assessing the performance of, the Group’svarious lines of business and geographical locations.F15Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsIndividually material operating segments are not aggregated for financial reporting purposes unless the segments have similar economic characteristics andare similar in respect of the nature of products and services, the nature of production processes, the type or class of customers, the methods used todistribute the products or provide the services, and the nature of the regulatory environment. Operating segments which are not individually material maybe aggregated if they share a majority of these criteria. The Group’s three segments are wholesale, retail and contract manufacturing.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects theconsideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled inexchange for transferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it ishighly probable that a significant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with thevariable consideration is subsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to thecustomer for more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would bereflected in a separate financing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financingcomponent which provides the Company a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interestexpense accreted on the contract liability under the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer andthe transfer of the promised goods or services is one year or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component,using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of thegoods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cashreceipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associatedwith the dividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. F16Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsRevenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer.Revenue from all above categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goodssold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respectof the transaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered, and title has passed.Contract liabilities (applicable from 1 January 2018)A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Group has received a consideration (or an amount ofconsideration that is due) from the customer. If a customer pays the consideration before the Group transfers goods or services to the customer, a contractliability is recognised when the payment is made or the payment is due (whichever is earlier). Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the Groupperforms under the contract.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting thedeductible input VAT of the period, is VAT payable.F17Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantialperiod of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for theirintended use or sale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal governmentretirement benefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fundtheir retirement benefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal governmenttakes responsibility for the retirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly,the only obligation of the Group with respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employmentwith the Group. There are no provisions under the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans areconsidered defined contribution plans. The Group has no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixedcontributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pension schemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service isperformed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to itemsrecognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity,respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries wherethe Group operates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in whichapplicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the taxauthorities.F18Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsDeferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences.Deferred tax assets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be availableagainst which those deductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary differencearises from goodwill or from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neitherthe taxable profit nor the accounting profit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able tocontrol the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assetsarising from deductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will besufficient taxable profits against which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable thatsufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized,based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred taxliabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, torecover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities andwhen the deferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or differenttaxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly inequity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax ordeferred tax arises from the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.F19Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsStore preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll andsupplies. The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenseswhen occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All otherleases are classified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes.Leasehold improvements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposesother than construction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful livesand after taking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction inprogress is carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant andequipment when completed and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when theassets are ready for their intended use.An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued useof the asset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carryingamount of the item) is included in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.F20Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsThe Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights touse the land on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizablevalue represents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fairvalue through profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s businessmodel for managing them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has appliedthe practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus inthe case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financingcomponent or for which the Group has applied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance withthe policies set out for “Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cashflows that are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell theasset. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established byregulation or convention in the marketplace.F21Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsSubsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses arerecognised in the income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversalsare recognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair valuechanges are recognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive incomeis recycled to the income statement.F22Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsFinancial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. Theclassification is determined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statementwhen the right of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and theamount of the dividend can be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financialasset, in which case, such gains are recorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensiveincome are not subject to impairment assessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair valuethrough profit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they areacquired for the purpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held fortrading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interestare classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to beclassified at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair valuethrough profit or loss on initial recognition if doing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised inthe income statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separatederivative if the economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embeddedderivative would meet the definition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives aremeasured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms ofthe contract that significantly modifies the cash flows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value throughprofit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference betweenthe contractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation ofthe original effective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that areintegral to the contractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs areprovided for credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for whichthere has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life ofthe exposure, irrespective of the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).F23Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsAt each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. Whenmaking the assessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a defaultoccurring on the financial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available withoutundue cost or effort, including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also considera financial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts infull before taking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation ofrecovering the contractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the generalapproach and they are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach asdetailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured atan amount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets andfor which the loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the lossallowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsSimplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect ofa significant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not trackchanges in credit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrixthat is based on its historical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt thesimplified approach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed fromthe Group’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to whatextent, it has retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset nor transferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement.In that case, the Group also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects therights and obligations that the Group has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and themaximum amount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. TheGroup’s financial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.F24Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsSubsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate methodunless the effect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement whenthe liabilities are derecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effectiveinterest rate. The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability aresubstantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and thedifference between the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceablelegal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to thecontractual provisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue offinancial assets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initialrecognition.F25Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements(1)Financial assetsThe Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period.The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form anintegral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, whereappropriate, a shorter period to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.ReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including tradeand other receivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, lessany impairment (see accounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, asa result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have beenaffected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequentlyassessed for impairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience ofcollecting payments, and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national orlocal economic conditions that correlate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between theasset’s carrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.F26Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsThe carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables,where the carrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized inprofit or loss. When a trade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries ofamounts previously written off are credited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairmentlosses was recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset atthe date the impairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and on hand, demand deposits with banks and other financial institutions, and shortterm, highly liquidinvestments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, having been withinthree months of maturity at acquisition(2)Financial liabilities and equityFinancial liabilities and equity instruments issued by a group entity are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered intoand the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Group after deducting all of its liabilities.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period.The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form anintegral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or, whereappropriate, a shorter period to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.F27Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsInterest expense is recognized on an effective interest basis.Financial liabilitiesFinancial liabilities including trade and other payables, related parties payables and shortterm loans are subsequently measured at amortized cost, usingthe effective interest method.Equity instrumentsEquity instruments issued by the group entities are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.(3)DerecognitionFinancial assets are derecognized when the rights to receive cash flows from the assets expire or, the financial assets are transferred and the Group hastransferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial assets. On derecognition of a financial asset, the difference between theasset’s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognized in profit or loss.Financial liabilities are derecognized when the obligation specified in the relevant contract is discharged, cancelled or expires. The difference between thecarrying amount of the financial liability derecognized and the consideration paid and payable is recognized in profit or loss.Capital and ReservesShare capital represents the nominal value of shares that have been issued by the Group. Share capital is determined using the nominal value of shares thathave been issued.Retained profits include all current and prior period results as determined in the combined statement of comprehensive income.Foreign currency translation reserve arising on the translation are included in the currency translation reserve.In accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of PRC, the subsidiaries of the Group established in PRC are required to transfer 10% of its annualstatutory net profit (after offsetting any prior years’ losses) to the statutory reserve. When the balance of such reserve reaches 50% of the subsidiary’sshare capital, any further transfer of its annual statutory net profit is optional. Such reserve may be used to offset accumulated losses or to increase theregistered capital of the subsidiary subject to the approval of the relevant authorities. However, except for offsetting prior years’ losses, such statutoryreserve must be maintained at a minimum of 25% of the share capital after such usage. The statutory reserves are not available for dividend distribution tothe shareholders.F28Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsAll transactions with owners of the Group are recorded separately within equity.Earnings/(loss) per shareBasic earnings per share (“EPS”) are computed by dividing income attributable to holders of common shares by the weighted average number of commonshares outstanding during the year. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common shares wereexercised or converted into common shares. Potential dilutive securities are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS in loss periods as their effectwould be antidilutive.5.SIGNIFICANT MANAGEMENT JUDGEMENT IN APPLYING ACCOUNTING POLICIESThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to exercise judgment in the process of applying the Group’saccounting policies and requires the use of accounting estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosureof contingent assets and liabilities at the date of financial statements and reported amount of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Thefollowing estimates that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets and liabilities within the next financial yearare disclosed below.Provision for expected credit losses on trade receivablesThe Group estimates the loss allowances for trade receivables by assessing the ECLs. This requires the use of estimates and judgements. ECLs are basedon the Group’s historical credit loss experience, adjusted for factors that are specific to the debtors, and an assessment of both the current and forecastgeneral economic conditions at the end of reporting period. Where the estimation is different from the previous estimate, such difference will affect thecarrying amounts of trade receivables and thus the impairment loss in the period in which such estimate is changed. The Group keeps assessing theexpected credit loss of trade receivables during their expected lives.Impairment LossesImpairment losses are based on an assessment of the investment or longlived assets’ ability to generate future cash flows when there is evidence thatthese assets may be impaired. The calculation of the amount of impairment loss are based on estimates made by management when applying broadaccounting principles governing the accounting for these assets. The determination of these estimates requires judgment by management. The finaloutcome may differ from the original estimates made by management, which may impact the carrying value of the assets which management has determinedto be impaired and charged to the Company’s profit loss during the period.F29Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsIncome TaxThe Group has exposure to income taxes in numerous jurisdictions. Significant judgment is involved in determining the Group’s provision for income taxes.There are certain transactions and computations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain during the ordinary course of business. The Grouprecognizes liabilities for expected tax issues based on estimates of whether additional taxes will be due. Where the final tax outcome of these matters isdifferent from the amounts that were initially recognized, such differences will impact the income tax and differed tax provisions in the period in which suchdetermination is made. The carrying amount of the Group’s income tax payable as at December 31, 2018 and 2017 amounted to $nil and $nil, respectively.6.KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTYIn the application of the Group’s accounting policies, which are described in Note 4, management is required to make estimates and assumptions about thecarrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based onhistorical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which theestimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and futureperiods.The following are the key assumptions concerning the future, and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the end of the reporting period, that havea significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets within the next financial year.Depreciation of building, machinery and equipmentAs described in Note 4, the Group reviews the estimated useful lives and residual values of property, plant and equipment at the end of each reportingperiod. The cost of building, machinery and equipment is depreciated on a straightline basis over the assets’ estimated useful lives. Managementestimates the useful lives of these buildings, machinery and equipment to be within 5 to 20 years. These are the common life expectancies applied in thesame industry. Changes in the expected level of usage and technological developments could impact the economic useful lives and the residual values ofthese assets, therefore future depreciation charges could be revised.F30Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsFair value of warrantsThe fair value of warrants was determined using a binomiallattice model. This model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including pricevolatility of the underlying stock. Changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the estimate of fair value of the warrants and theCompany’s results of operations could be impacted. This model is dependent upon several variables such as the instrument’s expected term, expectedstrike price, expected riskfree interest rate over the expected instrument term, the expected dividend yield rate over the expected instrument term, and theexpected volatility of the Company’s stock price over the expected term. The expected term represents the period of time that the instruments granted areexpected to be outstanding. The expected strike price is based upon a weighted average probability analysis of the strike price changes expected during theterm as a result of the down round protection. The riskfree rates are based on U.S. Treasury securities with similar maturities as the expected terms of theoptions at the date of valuation. Expected dividend yield is based on historical trends. The Company measures volatility using the volatility rates of marketindex.Impairment of nonfinancial assetsProperty, plant and equipment are tested for impairment whenever there is any objective evidence or indication that these assets may be impaired.For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the valueinuse) is determined on anindividual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. If this is the case, therecoverable amount is determined for the cashgeneratingunit (“CGU”) to which the asset belongs.If the recoverable amount of the asset (or CGU) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or CGU) is reduced to itsrecoverable amount.The difference between the carrying amount and recoverable amount is recognized as an impairment loss in the income statement, unless the asset iscarried at revalued amount, in which case, such impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.An impairment loss for an asset other than goodwill is reversed if, and only if, there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the asset’srecoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The carrying amount of this asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount,provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortization or depreciation) hadno impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years.F31Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsA reversal of impairment loss for an asset other than goodwill is recognized in the income statement, unless the asset is carried at revalued amount, inwhich case, such reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, the Company recognized impairment losses of $nil, $nil, and $4,659,838, respectively, for itsprepayments for acquisition of land use rights. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, the Company recognized impairment losses of$nil, $nil, and $6,989,200, respectively, for its related prepayments for construction on such land. The impairment reflects the current reduction in the valueof the investment as a result of the delay in time to complete the construction projects and delay in procurement of legal certificates that would lead to theassets being put into service that would give rise to expected future profitability which at December 31, 2018, has been temporarily postponed beyond thenext operating period. The impairment losses charged to the prepayments has brought the carrying values to their respective recoverable amount in its fairvalue less costs to sell.During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, the Company recognized impairment losses of $13,311,557, $nil, and $nil, respectively, for a partof its factory plant in Anhui that is not currently in use. The impairment reflects the current reduction in the value of the carrying cost as a result of thecompany’s evaluation of the recoverability of its investment. The impairment losses charged to the factory plant has brought the carrying values to theirrespective recoverable amount in its fair value less costs to sell.For the prepayment for acquisition of land use rights, the Company provided an estimate of its fair value based on the market value substitution rule. Theestimated fair value belongs to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because the input is determined through quoted prices of similar assets without anactively quoted market. Using the market approach, the Company compares the price of the land use right that the Company intended to acquire with theprice of similar land use rights in the same geographical area, adjusted by factors such as price index, frequency of actual transactions conducted,environmental conditions, etc. Significant assumptions used in this estimation include the ability to legally obtain such land use rights, the usage of land asindustrial use, the date of transaction at year end, etc. As a result, the Company provided an estimate in the amount of $5,154,034. Finally, the fair value isreduced by estimated costs to sell which include, but not limited to, legal costs, stamp duty, similar transaction tax, etc. in the amount of $379,971. The netvalue is then compared to the carrying value, and the difference is recorded as impairment loss in the amount of $1,317,295 in 2015. In 2016, since there is noprogress in regards to the acquisition of land use rights, the Company provided further impairment to bring the carrying value down to $0 as management isunable to assert the recoverability of such asset.F32Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsFor the prepayment for construction, the Company provided an estimate of its fair value based on the time value approach. The estimated fair valuebelongs to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because the input is not easily observable. Using this approach, the Company calculates the time value ofmoney of the amount prepaid based on the Company’s weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) in order to arrive at its fair value. The Company usesthis approach to determine its recoverable amount because such prepayments are not readily resalable, and the ability to realize this amount is contingentupon the Company’s ability to successfully acquire the land use right as mentioned above. Significant assumptions used in this estimation include usingthe WACC, which is comprised of the Company’s metrics of return of equity, return of debt, the relevant weights of the returns of equity and debt, and taxrate, in determining the fair value. As a result, as at December 31, 2015, the Company provided an estimate in the amount of $7,160,523. Since this asset isnot resalable, the company estimated costs to sell for this asset in the amount of $0. The net value is then compared to the carrying value, and thedifference is recorded as impairment loss in the amount of $1,248,039 in 2015. In 2017, since there was no progress in regards to the construction, theCompany provided further impairment to bring the carrying value down to $0 as management is unable to assert the recoverability of such asset.For the factory plant, the Company provided an estimate of its fair value based on the time value approach. The estimated fair value belongs to Level 3 ofthe fair value hierarchy because the input is not easily observable. Using this approach, the Company calculates the time value of money of the amountrecoverable based on the Company’s weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) in order to arrive at its fair value. The Company uses this approach todetermine its recoverable amount because a part of the factory plant is not readily resalable. Significant assumptions used in this estimation include usingthe WACC, which is comprised of the Company’s metrics of return of equity, return of debt, the relevant weights of the returns of equity and debt, and taxrate, in determining the fair value. As a result, as at December 31, 2018, the Company recorded as impairment loss in the amount of $13,311,557 in 2018,which brings the carrying value of the part of the factory plant not in use down to $0 as management is unable to assert the recoverability of such asset.F33Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements7.SEGMENT REPORTINGManagement currently identifies the Group’s three sales models as operating segments, which are wholesale, retail and contract manufacturing. Thesegment presentation is in accordance with management’s expectation of future business developments. These operating segments are monitored andstrategic decisions are made on the basis of segmental gross margins.WholesaleRetailSubcontractingConsolidatedFor the year ended December 31,For the year ended December 31,For the year ended December31,For the year ended December 31,By business201820172016201820172016201820172016201820172016Sales to externalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment revenue13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment grossmargins/(loss)2,245,9442,277,8586,504,893(5,402,994)(14,291,680)(5,668,061)840,914502,0071,321,441(2,316,137)(11,511,815)2,158,273Reconcilingitems(21,074,580)(7,901,842)(17,787,093)Profit/(loss)before tax(23,390,717)(19,413,657)(15,628,820)Income taxincome/(expense)5,422,1194,598,0613,726,133Profit/(loss) forthe year(17,968,598)(14,815,596)(11,902,687)As of December 31, 2018Wholesale andRetailSubcontractingUnallocatedConsolidatedCurrent assets27,287,5906,394,81417,46233,699,866Noncurrent assets7,864,39119,601,74927,466,140Total assets35,151,98125,996,56317,46261,166,006Current liabilities3,417,6551,590,5641,856,4676,864,685Total liabilities3,417,6551,590,5641,856,4676,864,685As of December 31, 2017Wholesale andRetailSubcontractingUnallocatedConsolidatedCurrent assets34,036,8836,284,11822,38440,343,385Noncurrent assets8,987,85731,978,46240,966,319Total assets43,024,74038,262,58022,38481,309,704Current liabilities3,722,2771,995,1641,565,0687,282,509Total liabilities3,722,2771,995,1641,565,0687,282,509Geographical informationThe Group’s operations are located in the PRC and all of the Group’s revenue is derived from sales to customers in the PRC. Hence, no analysis bygeographical area of operations is provided.F34Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsInformation about major customersMajor distributors that make up 10% or more of wholesale revenue are as below:Year ended December 31,201820172016Distributor A1,331,1941,454,8623,782,718Other distributors12,253,56013,579,93828,344,36513,584,75415,034,80032,127,083Information about major suppliersMajor suppliers that make up 10% or more of purchases are as below:Year ended December 31,201820172016Supplier A3,031,3102,403,3096,655,740Supplier B2,879,1105,424,342Supplier C1,530,4294,083,924Supplier D3,023,297Supplier E1,714,468Supplier F1,684,743Supplier G1,684,910Other suppliers2,901,9825,065,5636,436,80910,497,31212,398,51225,624,1128.REVENUEYear ended December 31,201820172016ApparelWholesale13,584,75415,034,80032,127,083Retail2,375,7736,983,5925,529,985Subtotal15,960,52722,018,39237,657,068Subcontracting2,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Revenue is denominated only in USD.F35Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements9.COST OF SALESCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for productionpurpose, outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges, and water and electricity. The following table shows a breakdown of cost of sales for theperiods presented for each category:Year ended December 31,201820172016Changes in inventories of finished goods and work in progress(24,474)227,132(302,979)Materials consumed in production29,61941,057120,847Purchases of finished goods19,044,58233,877,59836,567,197Labor1,061,943602,1961,313,120Depreciation352,739370,858236,578Rental452Taxes and surcharges *75,736157,314253,039Water and electricity62,02752,79648,557Inventory provision196,1248320Others128,773120,886238,562Foreign currency translation difference(76,269)(175,493)566,69120,851,25235,274,35239,041,932* Tax and surcharges are mainly Urban Maintenance and Construction Tax (7% of Valued Added Tax payment amount), Extra Charges of Education Fund(3% of Valued Added Tax payment amount) and Local Surcharge for Education Fund (2% of Valued Added Tax payment amount).10.OTHER INCOMEYear ended December 31,201820172016Government grant367,260469,569Interest income on bank deposits71,69381,51785,482Other50,44612,787122,139461,564555,05111.OTHER GAINS AND (LOSSES)Year ended December 31,201820172016Gain on disposals of property, plant and equipment1,38017110,541Foreign exchange gain(49)(48)54Provision / reversal of inventory obsolescence(196,124)(101,256)(1,667)Bad debt provision of trade receivables(331,196)Impairment of prepayments in land purchase and related construction(11,649,038)Impairment of property(13,311,557)Others(15,950)(21,110)847,539(13,522,300)(122,243)(11,123,767)F36Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements12.DISTRIBUTION AND SELLING EXPENSESYear ended December 31,201820172016Rental16,06621,52730,225Depreciation1,2182,680490,527Labor275,026258,233211,274Subsidy to distributors787,064773,238910,537Promotion15,62332,216137,210Advertisement1,152,1761,591,7421,554,023Others423,782585,744272,2142,670,9553,265,3803,606,01013.ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSEYear ended December 31,201820172016Labor2,193,1201,600,3801,170,013Audit fee122,908216,281(33,997)Professional fee69,63977,75475,609Design fee648,632937,478465,120Depreciation and amortization charges1,185,2571,149,4551,163,293Bank charges8,13018,35212,943Rental75,90774,66875,673Travelling and entertainment2,662107,56644,874Others600,765697,463570,4654,907,0204,879,3973,543,99314.FINANCE COSTSYear ended December 31,201820172016Interest expenses on bank borrowingswholly repayable within one year96,44496,38571,783Bank borrowings interests are charged at a rate of 6.09% per annum for the bank loan that was fully repaid in 2018.Bank borrowings interests are charged at a rate of 6.09% per annum for the current bank loan.F37Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements15.INCOME TAX (INCOME)/ EXPENSEor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:●the gain is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States by such non U.S. holder, and, if an income tax treaty applies,is attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by such nonU.S. holder in the U.S.;●the nonU.S. holder is an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the disposition, and certain otherconditions are met; or●We are or have been a “U.S. real property holding corporation,” or USRPHC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes at any time during the shorter of the fiveyear period ending on the date of disposition or the period during which the holder has held our Common Stock.NonU.S. holders whose gain is described in the first bullet point above will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the gain derived from the sale, net of certaindeductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. Corporate nonU.S. holders whose gain is described in the first bullet point above may also be subject to thebranch profits tax described above at a 30% rate or lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty. Individual nonU.S. holders described in the second bulletpoint above will be subject to a flat 30% U.S. federal income tax rate on the gain derived from the sale, which may be offset by U.S.source capital losses, eventhough such nonU.S. holders are not considered to be residents of the United States.A corporation will be a USRPHC if the fair market value of its U.S. real property interests equals or exceeds 50 percent of the aggregate of its real property interests(U.S. and nonU.S.) and its assets used or held for use in a trade or business. Because we do not currently own significant U.S. real property, we believe that we arenot currently and will not become a USRPHC. However, because the determination of whether we are a USRPHC depends on the fair market value of our U.S. realproperty relative to the fair market value of our other business assets, there can be no assurance that we will not become a USRPHC in the future. Even if we becomea USRPHC, however, as long as our common stock are regularly traded on an established securities market, such common stock will be treated as U.S. real propertyinterests only if a nonU.S. holder actually or constructively holds more than 5% of such regularly traded common stock at any time during the applicable period thatis specified in the Code.Foreign Account Tax ComplianceThe Foreign Account Tax Compliance provisions of the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act (generally referred to as “FATCA”), when applicable, willimpose a U.S. federal withholding tax of 30% on payments of dividends on, and (for dispositions after December 31, 2018) gross proceeds from dispositions of, ourcommon stock that are held through “foreign financial institutions” (which is broadly defined for this purpose and in general includes investment vehicles) andcertain other nonU.S. entities unless various U.S. information reporting and due diligence requirements (generally relating to ownership by U.S. persons of certaininterests in or accounts with those entities) have been satisfied or an exemption applies. An intergovernmental agreement between the United States and anapplicable foreign country may modify these requirements. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the effect, if any, of the FATCA provisions ontheir particular circumstances.78Table of ContentsInformation Reporting and Backup WithholdingPayments of dividends or of proceeds on the disposition of stock made to a holder of our common stock may be subject to information reporting and backupwithholding at a current rate of 24% unless such holder provides a correct taxpayer identification number on IRS Form W9 (or other appropriate withholding form)or establishes an exemption from backup withholding, for example by properly certifying the holder’s nonU.S. status on a Form W8BEN, Form W8BENE oranother appropriate version of IRS Form W8. Payments of dividends to holders must generally be reported annually to the IRS, along with the name and address ofthe holder and the amount of tax withheld, if any. A similar report is sent to the holder. Pursuant to applicable income tax treaties or other agreements, the IRS maymake these reports available to tax authorities in the holder’s country of residence.Backup withholding is not an additional tax; rather, the U.S. income tax liability of persons subject to backup withholding will be reduced by the amount of taxwithheld. If withholding results in an overpayment of taxes, a refund or credit may generally be obtained from the IRS, provided that the required information isfurnished to the IRS in a timely manner.F.Dividends and Paying AgentsNot applicable.G.Statement by ExpertsNot applicable.H.Documents on DisplayWe have filed this annual report on Form 20F with the SEC under the Exchange Act. Statements made in this report as to the contents of any document referred toare not necessarily complete. With respect to each such document filed as an exhibit to this report, reference is made to the exhibit for a more complete description ofthe matter involved, and each such statement shall be deemed qualified in its entirety by such reference.We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act as a foreign private issuer and file reports and other information with the SEC. Reports andother information filed by us with the SEC, including this report, may be inspected and copied at the public reference room of the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E.,Washington D.C. 20549. You can also obtain copies of this report by mail from the Public Reference Section of the SEC, 100 F. Street, N.E., Washington D.C. 20549, atprescribed rates. Additionally, copies of this material may be obtained from the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. The SEC’s telephone number is 1800SEC0330. In accordance with NASDAQ Stock Market Rule 5250(d), we will also post this annual report on Form 20F on our website at www.kbsfashion.com.As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of quarterly reports and proxy statements,and officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and shortswing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the ExchangeAct.I.Subsidiary InformationNot applicable.ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKInterest Rate RiskWe deposit surplus funds with Chinese banks earning daily interest. We do not invest in any instruments for trading purposes. Most of our outstanding debtinstruments carry fixed rates of interest. Our operations generally are not directly sensitive to fluctuations in interest rates and we currently do not have any longterm debt outstanding. Management monitors the banks’ prime rates in conjunction with our cash requirements to determine the appropriate level of debt balancesrelative to other sources of funds. We have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to interest rate risk.79Table of ContentsForeign Exchange RiskWhile our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar, substantially all of our consolidated revenues and consolidated costs and expenses are denominated in RMB.Substantially all of our assets are denominated in RMB. As a result, we are exposed to foreign exchange risk as our revenues and results of operations may beaffected by fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the RMB. If the RMB depreciates against the U.S. dollar, the value of our RMB revenues,earnings and assets as expressed in our U.S. dollar financial statements will decline. Assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates at the balance sheet datesand revenue and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates and equity is translated at historical exchange rates. Any resulting translation adjustmentsare not included in determining net income but are included in determining other comprehensive income, a component of equity. An average appreciation(depreciation) of the RMB against the U.S. dollar of 5% would increase (decrease) our comprehensive income by $0.93 million based on our outstanding revenues,costs and expenses, assets and liabilities denominated in RMB as of December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2018, our accumulated other comprehensive income was$1.8 million. We have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign exchange risk.The value of RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies is affected by, among other things, changes in China’s political and economic conditions. Since July2005, RMB has not been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Although the People’s Bank of China regularly intervenes in the foreign exchange market to prevent significantshortterm fluctuations in the exchange rate, RMB may appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the medium to long term. Moreover, itis possible that in the future, PRC authorities may lift restrictions on fluctuations in RMB exchange rate and lessen intervention in the foreign exchange market.InflationInflationary factors such as increases in the cost of our product and overhead costs may adversely affect our operating results. Although we do not believe thatinflation has had a material impact on our financial position or results of operations to date, a high rate of inflation in the future may have an adverse effect on ourability to maintain current levels of gross margin and selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net revenues if the selling prices of ourproducts do not increase with these increased costs.ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIESA.Debt SecuritiesNot applicable.B.Warrants and RightsNot applicable.C.Other SecuritiesNot applicable.D.American Depositary SharesWe do not have any American Depositary Shares.80Table of ContentsPART IIITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIESNone.ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDSNone.ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURESA.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresAn evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2018, was made under the supervision and with the participation ofour management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based on that evaluation, we concluded that our disclosure controls andprocedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms.B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a15(f) underthe Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding thereliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS and includes those policies and procedures that (1)pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of a company’s assets, (2) providereasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally acceptedaccounting principles, and that a company’s receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of a company’s management anddirectors, and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of a company’s assets thatcould have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.Because of its inherent limitations, a system of internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to consolidated financialstatement preparation and presentation and may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods aresubject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures maydeteriorate.As required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and related rules as promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission, our managementassessed the effectiveness of the our internal control over the financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, using criteria established in Internal Control — IntegratedFramework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment using those criteria, our managementconcluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2018.C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting FirmBecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer, this annual report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internalcontrol over financial reporting.81Table of ContentsD.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERTThe audit committee of our board of directors currently consists of three members, Matthew C. Los (who serves as chairman), John Sano andYuet Mei Chan. Ourboard of directors has determined that all of our audit committee members are “independent” under the Exchange Act and have the requisite financial knowledgeand experience to serve as members of our audit committee. In addition, our board of directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is an “audit committee financialexpert” as defined in Item 16A of the Instructions to Form 20F and meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements due to his current and past experience invarious companies in which he was responsible for, amongst others, the financial oversight responsibilities.ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICSOn October 25, 2014, our Audit Committee adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to all of the directors, officers and employees of the Company and its subsidiaries,including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer. The Code of Ethics addresses, among other things, honesty andethical conduct, conflicts of interest, compliance with laws, regulations and policies, including disclosure requirements under the federal securities laws,confidentiality, trading on inside information, and reporting of violations of the code. A copy of the Code of Ethics is filed as Exhibit 11.1 to the annual report onForm 20F filed on October 27, 2015 and is also available on our website at www.kbsfashion.com. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, there were nowaivers of our Code of Ethics.ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICESThe following table sets forth the aggregate fees by categories specified below in connection with services rendered by our principal external auditors for theperiods indicated.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,20182017Audit Fees*$120,000$110,000AuditRelated FeesTax FeesTOTAL$120,000$110,000*“Audit Fees” consisted of the aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements or services that arenormally provided by the accountant in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.Our Audit Committee preapproves all auditing services and permitted nonaudit services to be performed for us by our independent auditor, including the fees andterms thereof (subject to the de minimums exceptions for nonaudit services described in Section 10A(i)(l)(B) of the Exchange Act that are approved by our AuditCommittee prior to the completion of the audit). The percentage of services provided for which we paid auditrelated fees, tax fees, or other fees that were approvedby our Audit Committee pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(i)(C) of Rule 201 of Regulation SX promulgated by the SEC was 100%.ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEESPrior to July 10, 2017, in lieu of an audit committee comprised of three independent directors, our audit committee was comprised of two independent members of ourboard of directors. On July 10, 2017, the board of directors appointed Ms. Yuet Mei Chan as an independent director and a member of the audit committee. As aresult, we are in full compliance with the Nasdaq listing rules for the audit committee.82Table of ContentsITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERSThere were no purchases of equity securities made by or on behalf of us or any “affiliated purchaser” as defined in Rule 10b18 of the Exchange Act during theperiod covered by this Annual Report.ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANTNone.ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCEWe were incorporated in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (“RMI”) and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable RMI law, our articles ofincorporation and bylaws. In addition, because our common stock is listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements.NASDAQ Listing Rule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600,provided that such foreign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes thehome country practice followed in lieu of such requirement. The home country practices that we follow in lieu of NASDAQ’s corporate governance rules are asfollows:●we currently do not have a nominating committee or a compensation committee;●we did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in fiscal 2018; however, we may, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issuesthat require shareholders’ approvals; and●in lieu of obtaining shareholder approval prior to the adoption of an agreement pursuant to which stock may be acquired by officers, directors, employeesor consultants, the board of directors approves such adoption.ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURENot applicable.83Table of ContentsPART IIIITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTSWe have elected to provide financial statement pursuant to Item 18.ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTSThe financial statements are filed as part of this annual report beginning on page F1.ITEM 19.EXHIBITSExhibit No.Description1.1Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Amendment No. 4 to the registrant’s RegistrationStatement on Form F1 filed on October 24, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).1.2Articles of Amendment, filed with the Office of the Registrar of Corporations of Republic of the Marshall Islands on October 31, 2014(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant on October 27, 2015)1.3Articles of Amendment, filed with the Office of the Registrar of Corporations of Republic of the Marshall Islands on February 3, 2017(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Report on Form 6K furnished by the registrant on February 3, 2017)1.4Bylaws as amended on September 22, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.3 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant onOctober 27, 2015)2.1Specimen of Unit Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant on October 27,2015)2.2Specimen of Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant onOctober 27, 2015)2.3Specimen of Public Redeemable Warrant Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.3 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by theregistrant on October 27, 2015)2.4Specimen Placement Unit Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Amendment No. 3 to the registrant’s Registration Statement onForm F1 filed on October 15, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).2.5Specimen Placement Warrant Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Amendment No. 1 to the registrant’s RegistrationStatement on Form F1 filed on June 5, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).2.6Form of Warrant Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Amendment No. 4 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on FormF1 filed on October 24, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).2.7Form of Unit Purchase Option (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the Amendment No. 3 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on FormF1 filed on October 15, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).4.1Form of Registration Rights Agreement among the Registrant and the founders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Amendment No. 1to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F1 filed on June 5, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).4.2Form of Placement Unit Purchase Agreement between the registrant and the founders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the AmendmentNo. 4 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F1 filed on October 24, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).4.3Share Exchange Agreement and Plan of Liquidation, dated March 24, 2014, by and among Aquasition Corp., KBS International Holdings, Inc.,Hongri International Holdings Limited, Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registration Reporton Form 6K filed by the registrant on April 4, 2014)4.4Frist Amendment to Share Exchange Agreement and Plan of Liquidation, dated June 21, 2014 by and among Aquasition Corp., KBS InternationalHoldings, Inc., Hongri International Holdings Limited, Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (D)(3) toAmendment No.4 to the Schedule TO filed by the registrant on July 9, 2014)4.5Voting Agreement , dated August 1, 2014, by and among Aquasition Corp., Aquasition Investments Corp., Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to Shell Company Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant on August 7, 2014)84Table of ContentsExhibit No.Description4.6Form of Resale LockUp Agreement, dated August 1, 2014, by and among Aquasition Corp., Aquasition Investments Corp., Cheung So Wa, ChanSun Keung and other named parties(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.12 to Shell Company Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant onAugust 7, 2014)4.7Employee Agreement with Keyan Yan, dated August 1, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.13 to Shell Company Report on Form 20F filedby the registrant on August 7, 2014)4.8Employee Agreement with Lixia Tu, dated June 25, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.12 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by theregistrant on October 27, 2015)4.92018 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S8 filed by the registrant on December27, 2018)8.1List of the registrant’s subsidiaries (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 8.1 to Shell Company Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant onAugust 7, 2014)11.1Code of Ethics, adopted on October 25, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 11.1 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registranton October 27, 2015)12.1Certifications of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a14(a) or Rule 15d1(a)12.2Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a14(a) or Rule 15d1(a)13.1Certifications of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 200213.2Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 200215.1Consent from WWC, P.C., Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm101.INSXBRL Instance Document101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document85Table of ContentsSIGNATUREThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this report on its behalf. Date: April 30, 2019KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED/s/ Keyan YanKeyan YanChief Executive Officer86Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Financial StatementsFor the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016(Stated in US dollars)Table of ContentsCONTENTSPAGESREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMF2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/ (LOSS)F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITIONF4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITYF5CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSF6 – F7NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF8 – F59F1Table of ContentsREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo:The Board of Directors and Stockholders ofKBS Fashion Group LimitedOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of KBS Fashion Group Limited (the Company) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017,and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the threeyearperiod ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, inall material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of theyears in the threeyear period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International AccountingStandards Board.Emphasis of MatterThe Company incurred significant losses during the year ended December 31, 2018. The losses were related to the sale of products at discounted prices andimpairment loss charged during the year. During the year, the Company completed its cash management strategy that was put in place in 2017.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required tobe independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ WWC, P.C.WWC, P.C.Certified Public AccountantsWe have served as the Company’s auditor since April 25, 2016.San Mateo, CaliforniaApril 30, 2019F2Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income/ (Loss)For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016(Stated in U.S. Dollars)Year ended December 31,Notes201820172016Revenue818,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales9(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)Gross (loss)/profit(2,316,137)(11,511,816)2,158,273Other income10122,139461,564555,051Other gains and (losses)11(13,522,300)(122,243)(11,123,767)Distribution and selling expenses12(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)Administrative expenses13(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)Loss from operations(23,294,273)(19,317,272)(15,560,446)Finance costs14(96,444)(96,385)(71,783)Change in fair value of warrant liabilities313,409Loss before tax(23,390,717)(19,413,657)(15,628,820)Income tax income155,422,1194,598,0613,726,133Loss for the year16(17,968,598)(14,815,596)(11,902,687)Other comprehensive (loss) incomecurrency translation differences(3,071,697)4,810,715(6,125,433)Total comprehensive loss for the year(21,040,295)(10,004,881)(18,028,120)Loss per share of common stock attributable to the CompanyBasic19(8.06)(7.96)(6.80)Diluted19(8.06)(7.96)(6.80)Weighted average shares outstanding:Basic192,229,9151,860,8311,750,142Diluted192,229,9151,860,8311,750,142The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F3Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Financial PositionAs at December 31, 2018, and 2017(Stated in U.S. Dollars)As of December 31,Notes20182017Noncurrent assetsProperty, plant and equipmentnet2012,173,80827,824,523Prepayments and premiums under operating leases212,371,7352,568,199Prepayment for construction of new plant22Prepayment for acquisition of land use right23Land use rights24603,503648,652Deferred tax assets1514,688,8299,924,94429,837,87540,966,318Current assetsInventories251,245,8001,806,212Trade receivables268,122,22310,501,543Other receivables and prepayments26855,4731,901,268Subsidies prepaid to distributorsPrepayments and premiums under operating leases2178,53283,907Cash and cash equivalents2721,026,10326,050,45631,328,13140,343,386Total assets61,166,00681,309,704Current liabilitiesShort term bank loans301,092,7831,606,930Trade and other payables285,278,4605,451,830Related parties payables29445,614154,137Contract liabilities47,82869,6126,864,6857,282,509Noncurrent liabilityWarrant liabilities31Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,509EquityShare capital32227198Share premium328,000,5616,686,169Revaluation reserve33184,272184,272Statutory surplus reserve336,084,8366,084,836Retained profits3346,178,21364,146,811Foreign currency translation reserve33(6,146,788)(3,075,091)54,301,32174,027,195Total liabilities and equity61,166,00681,309,704The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F4Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Changes in EquityFor the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016(Stated in U.S. Dollars)ForeignStatutorycurrencyShareShareRevaluationsurplusRetainedtranslationcapitalpremiumreservereserveprofitsreserveTotal(Note 32)(Note 32)(Note 33)(Note 33)(Note 33)(Note 33)Balance at January 1, 20161705,627,2476,069,45790,880,473(1,760,373)100,816,974Reclassification of revaluation surplus184,272184,272Shares issued for stockbased compensation7428,993429,000Loss for the year(11,902,687)(11,902,687)Other comprehensive loss for the year(6,125,433)(6,125,433)Appropriation to statutory surplus reserve15,379(15,379)Balance at December 31, 20161776,056,240184,2726,084,83678,962,407(7,885,806)83,402,126Shares issued for stockbased compensation21629,929629,950Loss for the year(14,815,596)(14,815,596)Other comprehensive income for the year4,810,7154,810,715Balance at December 31, 20171986,686,169184,2726,084,83664,146,811(3,075,091)74,027,195Shares issued for stockbased compensation291,314,3921,314,421Loss for the year(17,968,598)(17,968,598)Other comprehensive loss for the year(3,071,697)(3,071,697)Balance at December 31, 20182278,000,561184,2726,084,83646,178,213(6,146,788)54,301,321The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F5Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Cash FlowsFor the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016(Stated in U.S. Dollars)Year ended December 31,201820172016OPERATING ACTIVITIESLoss for the year(17,968,598)(14,815,596)(11,902,687)Adjustments for:Sharebased payment1,314,420629,950429,000Finance cost96,44496,38571,783Change in fair value of warrant liabilities(3,409)Interest income(71,693)(81,517)(85,482)Depreciation of property, plant and equipment1,521,7251,510,2131,942,735Amortization of prepaid lease payments and trademark14,54514,30719,009Amortization of subsidies prepaid to distributors401,259910,537Amortization of prepayments and premiums under operating leases107,088105,340118,783Provision/(reversal) of inventory obsolescence196,124101,256(1,667)Bad debt provision of trade receivables331,196Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment9402,4181,441Provision of impairment loss in property, plant and equipment13,311,557Provision of impairment loss in prepayments11,649,038Operating cash flows before movements in working capital(1,477,448)(12,035,985)3,480,277Decrease in trade and other receivables1,941,33613,983,7817,265,940Decrease in inventories294,204669,923889,384Increase/(decrease) in trade and other payables2,036522,839(1,080,978)(Decrease)/increase in income tax payable(263,333)155,632Increase in deferred tax assets(5,422,119)(4,598,061)(3,779,923)Prepayments and premiums paid under operating leases958,6383,645,471(1,761,155)Subsidies prepaid to distributors(910,537)CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES(3,703,353)1,924,6354,258,640Income tax paid(2,385)(1,064,351)NET CASH FROM/(USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES(3,703,353)1,922,2503,194,289INVESTING ACTIVITIESInterest received71,69381,51785,482Purchase of property, plant and equipment(18,761)(946,882)(40,037)NET CASH FROM/(USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES52,932(865,365)45,445The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F6Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Cash FlowsFor the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016(Stated in U.S. Dollars)Year ended December 31,201820172016FINANCING ACTIVITIESInterest paid(96,444)(96,385)(71,783)New bank loans raised1,130,8401,557,3361,578,289Repayment of borrowings(1,583,175)(1,557,336)Advance from related party299,542387,030173,003Repayment to related party(7,633)(1,386,555)NET CASH FROM/(USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS(3,907,291)(39,025)4,919,243Effects of currency translation(1,117,062)1,513,140(1,556,982)CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF YEAR26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR21,026,10326,050,45624,576,341The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F7Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements1.GENERAL INFORMATIONOn January 26, 2012, Aquasition Investments Corp (“Company”) was organized as a blank check company pursuant to the laws of the Republic of theMarshall Islands for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, or similar acquisition transaction,one or more operating businesses or assets.On March 24, 2014, the Company entered into a Share Exchange Agreement and Plan of Liquidation (the “Agreement”) among KBS International Holdings,Inc. (“KBS”), a Nevada corporation, Hongri International Holdings Ltd (“Hongri”), a company organized under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, andCheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, the principal shareholders of KBS.On August 1, 2014, the share exchange was completed. In order to align with the brand and operations of the entities acquired pursuant to the Agreement,the Company changed its name from Aquasition Investments Corp to KBS Fashion Group Limited.The Company’s units which are comprised of one share of common stock and one warrant are traded on the NASDAQ Capital Markets. The Company’strading symbol is KBSF.The acquisition was accounted for as a reverse merger and recapitalization where the Company, the legal acquirer is the accounting acquiree, and KBS, thelegal acquiree, was the accounting acquirer.Description of Subsidiaries:Hongri International Holdings Limited (the “Hongri”), formerly known as Wah Ying International Investment Inc., was incorporated in the British VirginIslands (the “BVI”) on July 8, 2008 as a limited liability company with authorized share capital of $50,000, divided into 50,000 common shares with $1 parvalue. Up through December 31, 2010, 10,000 common shares had been issued at par. On January 27, 2011, the Company issued an additional 10,000common shares for cash consideration at $77 per share. The principal activity of the Company is investment holding. Hongri a directly wholly ownedsubsidiary of the Company.France Cock (China) Limited (“France Cock”) was incorporated in Hong Kong on September 21, 2005 as a limited liability company with authorized capitalof HK$10,000, divided into 10,000 common shares with par value of HK$1. The capital has been fully paid up. The principal activity of France Cock is theholding of intellectual property rights such as trademarks. France Cock owns the Company’s trademarks, including “KBS” and “Kabiniao”. France Cock is adirectly wholly owned subsidiary of Hongri.F8Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsRoller Rome Limited (“Roller Rome”) was incorporated in the BVI on March 28, 2006 as a limited liability company with authorized share capital of $50,000,divided into 50,000 common shares with par value of $1. The principal activity of Roller Rome is the provision of design and development services forsports apparel. Roller Rome is a directly wholly owned subsidiary of Hongri.Vast Billion Investment Limited (“Vast Billion”) was incorporated in Hong Kong on November 25, 2010 as a limited liability company with authorized sharecapital of HK$10,000 divided into 10,000 ordinary shares with HK$1par value. One ordinary share has been issued at par. Vast Billion is an investmentholding company, and is a directly wholly owned subsidiary of Hongri.Hongri (Fujian) Sports Goods Co. Ltd. (“Hongri Fujian”) was established in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”) on November 17, 2005 with aregistered and paid up capital of RMB 5,000,000. On March 24, 2011, Hongri Fujian increased registered capital from RMB 70,000,000 to RMB75,000,000. Asof September 30, 2011, the paid up capital was RMB 39,551,860. Hongri Fujian is engaged in the design, manufacture, marketing, and sale of apparel in thePRC. Hongri Fujian is a directly wholly owned subsidiary of Vast Billion.Anhui Kai Xin Apparel Company Limited (“Anhui Kai Xin”) was established in the PRC on March 16, 2011 with a registered and paid up capital of RMB1,000,000. Anhui Kai Xin is a wholly owned subsidiary of Hongri Fujian. Anhui Kai Xin provides contracting manufacturing services for companies in thesports apparel business.2.GROUP ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSThe Group structure as at the reporting date is as follows:F9Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements3.APPLICATION OF NEW AND REVISED INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (“IFRS”)Except as described below, for the year ended December 31, 2018 the Company has consistently adopted all the new and revised standards, amendmentsand interpretations (collectively IFRSs) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and the IFRS Interpretations Committee(formerly known as “International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee” (“IFRIC”)) of the IASB that are effective for financial year beginning onJanuary 1, 2018 in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements throughout the year.IFRS 2 (amendments) Classification and Measurement of Sharebased Payment TransactionsIAS 40 (amendments) Transfers of Investment PropertyAnnual improvements to IFRSs 2014–2016 cycleAmendments to IAS 28 Investments in Associates and Joint VenturesAmendments to IFRS 11: Accounting for acquisitions of interests in joint operationsIFRIC 22 Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance ConsiderationAmendments to IAS 16 and IAS 38: Clarification of acceptable methods of depreciation and amortizationAmendment to IAS 27: Equity method in separate financial statementsAmendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and IAS 28: Investment entities: applying the consolidation exceptionAmendments to IAS 1: Disclosure initiativeOther than as explained below regarding the impact of IFRS 9 and IFRS 15, the adoption of the above new and revised standards had no significantfinancial effect on these financial statements. Other standards, amendments and interpretations which are effective for the financial year beginning onJanuary 1, 2018 are not material to the Group.F10Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsIFRS 9, Financial instrumentsThe Company has initially adopted IFRS 9, Financial instruments from January 1, 2018. IFRS 9 replaces IAS 39, Financial instruments: recognition andmeasurement. It sets out requirements for recognising and measuring financial assets, financial liabilities and some contracts to buy or sell nonfinancialitems.Based on the assessment by the Company, there is no significant cumulative effect of the initial application of IFRS 9 at January 1, 2018 in accordance withthe transition requirement.Classification and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities IFRS 9 contains three principal classification and measurement categories forfinancial assets: amortised cost, FVOCI, and fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”).The classification for debt instruments is determined based on the entity’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual cash flowcharacteristics of the asset. A debt instrument will be measured at amortised cost if the instrument is held for the collection of contractual cash flows whichrepresent solely payments of principal and interest. Interest income from the debt instrument is calculated using the effective interest method.For equity instruments, the classification is FVTPL regardless of the entity’s business model. The only exception is if the equity instrument is not held fortrading and the entity irrevocably elects to designate that instrument as FVOCI. If an equity instrument is designated as FVOCI then only dividend incomeon that instrument will be recognised in profit or loss. Gains or losses on that instrument will be recognised in other comprehensive income withoutrecycling through profit or loss.For an explanation of how the Group classifies and measures financial assets and recognises related gains and losses under IFRS 9, see note 4, significantaccounting policies.The measurement categories and carrying amounts for all financial liabilities at January 1, 2018 have not been impacted by the initial application of IFRS 9.The Group did not designate or redesignate any financial asset or financial liability at FVTPL at January 1, 2018.Further, IFRS 9 replaces the “incurred loss” model in IAS 39 with an ECL model. The ECL model requires an ongoing measurement of credit risk associatedwith a financial asset and therefore recognises credit losses earlier than under the “incurred loss” model in IAS 39.F11Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsFor further details on the Group’s accounting policy for accounting for credit losses, see note 4, significant accounting policies.The Group has concluded that there is no material impact for the initial application of the new impairment requirements.IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with CustomersIFRS 15 establishes a fivestep model comprehensive framework for the recognition of revenue from contracts with customer: (i) identify the contract; (ii)identify performance obligations; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recogniserevenue when (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied, i.e. when “control” of the goods or services underlying the particular performance obligation istransferred to the customer. IFRS 15 replaced IAS 18 Revenue, IAS 11 Construction Contracts and related interpretations.IFRS 15 also introduces additional qualitative and quantitative disclosure requirements which aim to enable users of the financial statements to understandthe nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.The Company’s business model is straight forward and its contracts with customers for the sale of goods include only single performance obligation. TheCompany has concluded that revenue from sale should be recognised at the point of time when a customer obtains control of goods. The Company hasconcluded that the initial application of IFRS 15 does not have a significant impact on the Company’s revenue recognition.Under IFRS 15, a contract liability, is recognised when a customer pays consideration, or is contractually required to pay consideration and the amount isalready due, before the Company recognises the related revenue, or when the Company receives consideration from a customer and expects to refund someor all of that consideration to the customer (i.e. refund liability). To reflect this change in presentation, contract liabilities, including receipts in advance fromcustomers and refund liabilities are now separately presented as contract liabilities at December 31, 2018, as a result of the adoption of IFRS 15.F12Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsAt the date these consolidated financial statements are authorized for issuance, the IASB has issued the following new and revised InternationalAccounting Standards (“IASs”), IFRSs, amendments and IFRICs which are not yet effective in respect of the years. The Company has not early applied thefollowing new and revised standards, amendments or interpretations that have been issued but are not yet effective:IFRS 16 Leases(1)IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts(2)Amendments to IFRS 9 Prepayment Features with Negative Compensation(1)Amendments to IAS 28 Longterm Interests in Associates and Joint Ventures(1)Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2015–2017 Cycle Amendments to IFRS 3 Business Combinations, IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements, IAS 12 IncomeTaxes and IAS 23 Borrowing Costs(1)Amendments to IAS 19 Employee Benefits Plan Amendment, Curtailment or Settlement(1)IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements and IAS 28 (amendments) Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or JointVenture(3)IFRIC 23 Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments(1)(1) Effective for the accounting period beginning on January 1, 2019.(2) Effective for the accounting period beginning on January 1, 2021.(3) The effective date of the amendments has yet to be set by the IASBThe Company will apply the above new standards and amendments to standards when they become effective. The Company is in the process of making anassessment of the impact of the above new standards and amendments to standards.In relation to IFRS 16, the standard will result in almost all leases being recognised on the balance sheet, as the distinction between operating and financeleases is removed. Under the new standard, an asset (the right to use the leased item) and a financial liability to pay rentals are recognised. The onlyexceptions are shortterm and lowvalue leases. The accounting for lessors will not significantly change. The standard will affect primarily the accountingfor Company’s operating leases. As at the reporting date, the Company has noncancellable operating lease commitments of 2,450,267, see Note 34.However, the Company has not yet determined to what extent these commitments will result in the recognition of an asset and a liability for future paymentsand how this will affect the Group’s profit and classification of cash flows. Some of the commitments may be covered by the exception for shortterm andlow value leases and some commitments may relate to arrangements that will not qualify as leases under IFRS 16.The standard is mandatory for accounting periods commencing on or after January 1, 2019. At this stage, the Company does not intend to adopt thestandard before its effective date.There are no other standards and interpretations in issue but not yet adopted that the directors anticipate will have a material effect on the consolidatedfinancial statements of the Company.F13Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements4.SIGNIFCANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESThe principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial statements are set out below. The policies have been consistently applied to allthe years presented, unless otherwise stated.Basis of preparationThe consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis and in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. The principalaccounting policies are set out below.Basis of consolidationThe consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the Company and entities controlled by the Company (its subsidiaries).Control is achieved where the Company has the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities.Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies into line with those used by othermembers of the Group.All intragroup transactions, balances, income and expenses are eliminated on consolidation.Foreign currenciesFunctional and presentation currencyItems included in the financial statements are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the“functional currency”).The Group conducts its business predominately in the PRC and hence its functional currency is the Renminbi (RMB).F14Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsTranslation from RMB to USD found place at the following rates:Period end ratesAverage ratesDecember 31, 2016USD 1.00= RMB 6.9370USD 1.00=RMB 6.6528 December 31, 2017USD 1.00= RMB 6.5924USD 1.00=RMB 6.7423December 31, 2018USD 1.00= RMB 6.8632USD 1.00=RMB 6.6322Translation from HKD to USD found place at the following rates:Period end ratesAverage ratesDecember 31, 2016USD 1.00= HKD 7.7552USD 1.00=HKD 7.7614December 31, 2017USD 1.00= HKD 7.8170USD 1.00=HKD 7.7928December 31, 2018USD 1.00= HKD 7.8329USD 1.00=HKD 7.8636The results and financial positions in functional currency are translated into the presentation currency, USD, of the Company as follows:(1)Assets and liabilities for each balance sheet presented are translated at the closing rate at the date of that balance sheet;(2)Income and expenses for each income statement are translated at average exchange rates (unless this average is not a reasonable approximation ofthe cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and expenses are translated at the dates of thetransactions);(3)Share equity, share premium and dividends are translated at historical exchange rates; and(4)All resulting exchange differences are recognized in foreign currency translation reserve, a separate component of equity.All financial information presented in USD has been rounded to the nearest dollar, except when otherwise indicated.Segment reportingOperating segments, and the amounts of each segment item reported in the financial statements, are identified from the financial information providedregularly to the Group’s most senior executive management for the purposes of allocating resources to, and assessing the performance of, the Group’svarious lines of business and geographical locations.F15Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsIndividually material operating segments are not aggregated for financial reporting purposes unless the segments have similar economic characteristics andare similar in respect of the nature of products and services, the nature of production processes, the type or class of customers, the methods used todistribute the products or provide the services, and the nature of the regulatory environment. Operating segments which are not individually material maybe aggregated if they share a majority of these criteria. The Group’s three segments are wholesale, retail and contract manufacturing.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects theconsideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled inexchange for transferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it ishighly probable that a significant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with thevariable consideration is subsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to thecustomer for more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would bereflected in a separate financing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financingcomponent which provides the Company a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interestexpense accreted on the contract liability under the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer andthe transfer of the promised goods or services is one year or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component,using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of thegoods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cashreceipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associatedwith the dividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. F16Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsRevenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer.Revenue from all above categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goodssold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respectof the transaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered, and title has passed.Contract liabilities (applicable from 1 January 2018)A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Group has received a consideration (or an amount ofconsideration that is due) from the customer. If a customer pays the consideration before the Group transfers goods or services to the customer, a contractliability is recognised when the payment is made or the payment is due (whichever is earlier). Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the Groupperforms under the contract.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting thedeductible input VAT of the period, is VAT payable.F17Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantialperiod of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for theirintended use or sale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal governmentretirement benefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fundtheir retirement benefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal governmenttakes responsibility for the retirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly,the only obligation of the Group with respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employmentwith the Group. There are no provisions under the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans areconsidered defined contribution plans. The Group has no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixedcontributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pension schemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service isperformed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to itemsrecognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity,respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries wherethe Group operates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in whichapplicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the taxauthorities.F18Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsDeferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences.Deferred tax assets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be availableagainst which those deductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary differencearises from goodwill or from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neitherthe taxable profit nor the accounting profit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able tocontrol the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assetsarising from deductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will besufficient taxable profits against which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable thatsufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized,based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred taxliabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, torecover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities andwhen the deferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or differenttaxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly inequity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax ordeferred tax arises from the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.F19Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsStore preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll andsupplies. The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenseswhen occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All otherleases are classified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes.Leasehold improvements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposesother than construction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful livesand after taking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction inprogress is carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant andequipment when completed and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when theassets are ready for their intended use.An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued useof the asset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carryingamount of the item) is included in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.F20Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsThe Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights touse the land on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizablevalue represents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fairvalue through profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s businessmodel for managing them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has appliedthe practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus inthe case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financingcomponent or for which the Group has applied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance withthe policies set out for “Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cashflows that are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell theasset. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established byregulation or convention in the marketplace.F21Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsSubsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses arerecognised in the income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversalsare recognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair valuechanges are recognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive incomeis recycled to the income statement.F22Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsFinancial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. Theclassification is determined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statementwhen the right of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and theamount of the dividend can be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financialasset, in which case, such gains are recorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensiveincome are not subject to impairment assessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair valuethrough profit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they areacquired for the purpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held fortrading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interestare classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to beclassified at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair valuethrough profit or loss on initial recognition if doing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised inthe income statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separatederivative if the economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embeddedderivative would meet the definition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives aremeasured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms ofthe contract that significantly modifies the cash flows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value throughprofit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference betweenthe contractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation ofthe original effective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that areintegral to the contractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs areprovided for credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for whichthere has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life ofthe exposure, irrespective of the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).F23Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsAt each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. Whenmaking the assessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a defaultoccurring on the financial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available withoutundue cost or effort, including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also considera financial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts infull before taking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation ofrecovering the contractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the generalapproach and they are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach asdetailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured atan amount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets andfor which the loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the lossallowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsSimplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect ofa significant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not trackchanges in credit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrixthat is based on its historical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt thesimplified approach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed fromthe Group’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to whatextent, it has retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset nor transferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement.In that case, the Group also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects therights and obligations that the Group has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and themaximum amount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. TheGroup’s financial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.F24Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsSubsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate methodunless the effect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement whenthe liabilities are derecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effectiveinterest rate. The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability aresubstantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and thedifference between the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceablelegal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to thecontractual provisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue offinancial assets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initialrecognition.F25Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements(1)Financial assetsThe Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period.The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form anintegral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, whereappropriate, a shorter period to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.ReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including tradeand other receivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, lessany impairment (see accounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, asa result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have beenaffected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequentlyassessed for impairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience ofcollecting payments, and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national orlocal economic conditions that correlate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between theasset’s carrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.F26Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsThe carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables,where the carrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized inprofit or loss. When a trade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries ofamounts previously written off are credited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairmentlosses was recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset atthe date the impairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and on hand, demand deposits with banks and other financial institutions, and shortterm, highly liquidinvestments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, having been withinthree months of maturity at acquisition(2)Financial liabilities and equityFinancial liabilities and equity instruments issued by a group entity are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered intoand the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Group after deducting all of its liabilities.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period.The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form anintegral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or, whereappropriate, a shorter period to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.F27Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsInterest expense is recognized on an effective interest basis.Financial liabilitiesFinancial liabilities including trade and other payables, related parties payables and shortterm loans are subsequently measured at amortized cost, usingthe effective interest method.Equity instrumentsEquity instruments issued by the group entities are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.(3)DerecognitionFinancial assets are derecognized when the rights to receive cash flows from the assets expire or, the financial assets are transferred and the Group hastransferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial assets. On derecognition of a financial asset, the difference between theasset’s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognized in profit or loss.Financial liabilities are derecognized when the obligation specified in the relevant contract is discharged, cancelled or expires. The difference between thecarrying amount of the financial liability derecognized and the consideration paid and payable is recognized in profit or loss.Capital and ReservesShare capital represents the nominal value of shares that have been issued by the Group. Share capital is determined using the nominal value of shares thathave been issued.Retained profits include all current and prior period results as determined in the combined statement of comprehensive income.Foreign currency translation reserve arising on the translation are included in the currency translation reserve.In accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of PRC, the subsidiaries of the Group established in PRC are required to transfer 10% of its annualstatutory net profit (after offsetting any prior years’ losses) to the statutory reserve. When the balance of such reserve reaches 50% of the subsidiary’sshare capital, any further transfer of its annual statutory net profit is optional. Such reserve may be used to offset accumulated losses or to increase theregistered capital of the subsidiary subject to the approval of the relevant authorities. However, except for offsetting prior years’ losses, such statutoryreserve must be maintained at a minimum of 25% of the share capital after such usage. The statutory reserves are not available for dividend distribution tothe shareholders.F28Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsAll transactions with owners of the Group are recorded separately within equity.Earnings/(loss) per shareBasic earnings per share (“EPS”) are computed by dividing income attributable to holders of common shares by the weighted average number of commonshares outstanding during the year. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common shares wereexercised or converted into common shares. Potential dilutive securities are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS in loss periods as their effectwould be antidilutive.5.SIGNIFICANT MANAGEMENT JUDGEMENT IN APPLYING ACCOUNTING POLICIESThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to exercise judgment in the process of applying the Group’saccounting policies and requires the use of accounting estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosureof contingent assets and liabilities at the date of financial statements and reported amount of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Thefollowing estimates that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets and liabilities within the next financial yearare disclosed below.Provision for expected credit losses on trade receivablesThe Group estimates the loss allowances for trade receivables by assessing the ECLs. This requires the use of estimates and judgements. ECLs are basedon the Group’s historical credit loss experience, adjusted for factors that are specific to the debtors, and an assessment of both the current and forecastgeneral economic conditions at the end of reporting period. Where the estimation is different from the previous estimate, such difference will affect thecarrying amounts of trade receivables and thus the impairment loss in the period in which such estimate is changed. The Group keeps assessing theexpected credit loss of trade receivables during their expected lives.Impairment LossesImpairment losses are based on an assessment of the investment or longlived assets’ ability to generate future cash flows when there is evidence thatthese assets may be impaired. The calculation of the amount of impairment loss are based on estimates made by management when applying broadaccounting principles governing the accounting for these assets. The determination of these estimates requires judgment by management. The finaloutcome may differ from the original estimates made by management, which may impact the carrying value of the assets which management has determinedto be impaired and charged to the Company’s profit loss during the period.F29Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsIncome TaxThe Group has exposure to income taxes in numerous jurisdictions. Significant judgment is involved in determining the Group’s provision for income taxes.There are certain transactions and computations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain during the ordinary course of business. The Grouprecognizes liabilities for expected tax issues based on estimates of whether additional taxes will be due. Where the final tax outcome of these matters isdifferent from the amounts that were initially recognized, such differences will impact the income tax and differed tax provisions in the period in which suchdetermination is made. The carrying amount of the Group’s income tax payable as at December 31, 2018 and 2017 amounted to $nil and $nil, respectively.6.KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTYIn the application of the Group’s accounting policies, which are described in Note 4, management is required to make estimates and assumptions about thecarrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based onhistorical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which theestimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and futureperiods.The following are the key assumptions concerning the future, and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the end of the reporting period, that havea significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets within the next financial year.Depreciation of building, machinery and equipmentAs described in Note 4, the Group reviews the estimated useful lives and residual values of property, plant and equipment at the end of each reportingperiod. The cost of building, machinery and equipment is depreciated on a straightline basis over the assets’ estimated useful lives. Managementestimates the useful lives of these buildings, machinery and equipment to be within 5 to 20 years. These are the common life expectancies applied in thesame industry. Changes in the expected level of usage and technological developments could impact the economic useful lives and the residual values ofthese assets, therefore future depreciation charges could be revised.F30Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsFair value of warrantsThe fair value of warrants was determined using a binomiallattice model. This model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including pricevolatility of the underlying stock. Changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the estimate of fair value of the warrants and theCompany’s results of operations could be impacted. This model is dependent upon several variables such as the instrument’s expected term, expectedstrike price, expected riskfree interest rate over the expected instrument term, the expected dividend yield rate over the expected instrument term, and theexpected volatility of the Company’s stock price over the expected term. The expected term represents the period of time that the instruments granted areexpected to be outstanding. The expected strike price is based upon a weighted average probability analysis of the strike price changes expected during theterm as a result of the down round protection. The riskfree rates are based on U.S. Treasury securities with similar maturities as the expected terms of theoptions at the date of valuation. Expected dividend yield is based on historical trends. The Company measures volatility using the volatility rates of marketindex.Impairment of nonfinancial assetsProperty, plant and equipment are tested for impairment whenever there is any objective evidence or indication that these assets may be impaired.For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the valueinuse) is determined on anindividual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. If this is the case, therecoverable amount is determined for the cashgeneratingunit (“CGU”) to which the asset belongs.If the recoverable amount of the asset (or CGU) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or CGU) is reduced to itsrecoverable amount.The difference between the carrying amount and recoverable amount is recognized as an impairment loss in the income statement, unless the asset iscarried at revalued amount, in which case, such impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.An impairment loss for an asset other than goodwill is reversed if, and only if, there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the asset’srecoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The carrying amount of this asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount,provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortization or depreciation) hadno impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years.F31Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsA reversal of impairment loss for an asset other than goodwill is recognized in the income statement, unless the asset is carried at revalued amount, inwhich case, such reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, the Company recognized impairment losses of $nil, $nil, and $4,659,838, respectively, for itsprepayments for acquisition of land use rights. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, the Company recognized impairment losses of$nil, $nil, and $6,989,200, respectively, for its related prepayments for construction on such land. The impairment reflects the current reduction in the valueof the investment as a result of the delay in time to complete the construction projects and delay in procurement of legal certificates that would lead to theassets being put into service that would give rise to expected future profitability which at December 31, 2018, has been temporarily postponed beyond thenext operating period. The impairment losses charged to the prepayments has brought the carrying values to their respective recoverable amount in its fairvalue less costs to sell.During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, the Company recognized impairment losses of $13,311,557, $nil, and $nil, respectively, for a partof its factory plant in Anhui that is not currently in use. The impairment reflects the current reduction in the value of the carrying cost as a result of thecompany’s evaluation of the recoverability of its investment. The impairment losses charged to the factory plant has brought the carrying values to theirrespective recoverable amount in its fair value less costs to sell.For the prepayment for acquisition of land use rights, the Company provided an estimate of its fair value based on the market value substitution rule. Theestimated fair value belongs to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because the input is determined through quoted prices of similar assets without anactively quoted market. Using the market approach, the Company compares the price of the land use right that the Company intended to acquire with theprice of similar land use rights in the same geographical area, adjusted by factors such as price index, frequency of actual transactions conducted,environmental conditions, etc. Significant assumptions used in this estimation include the ability to legally obtain such land use rights, the usage of land asindustrial use, the date of transaction at year end, etc. As a result, the Company provided an estimate in the amount of $5,154,034. Finally, the fair value isreduced by estimated costs to sell which include, but not limited to, legal costs, stamp duty, similar transaction tax, etc. in the amount of $379,971. The netvalue is then compared to the carrying value, and the difference is recorded as impairment loss in the amount of $1,317,295 in 2015. In 2016, since there is noprogress in regards to the acquisition of land use rights, the Company provided further impairment to bring the carrying value down to $0 as management isunable to assert the recoverability of such asset.F32Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsFor the prepayment for construction, the Company provided an estimate of its fair value based on the time value approach. The estimated fair valuebelongs to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because the input is not easily observable. Using this approach, the Company calculates the time value ofmoney of the amount prepaid based on the Company’s weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) in order to arrive at its fair value. The Company usesthis approach to determine its recoverable amount because such prepayments are not readily resalable, and the ability to realize this amount is contingentupon the Company’s ability to successfully acquire the land use right as mentioned above. Significant assumptions used in this estimation include usingthe WACC, which is comprised of the Company’s metrics of return of equity, return of debt, the relevant weights of the returns of equity and debt, and taxrate, in determining the fair value. As a result, as at December 31, 2015, the Company provided an estimate in the amount of $7,160,523. Since this asset isnot resalable, the company estimated costs to sell for this asset in the amount of $0. The net value is then compared to the carrying value, and thedifference is recorded as impairment loss in the amount of $1,248,039 in 2015. In 2017, since there was no progress in regards to the construction, theCompany provided further impairment to bring the carrying value down to $0 as management is unable to assert the recoverability of such asset.For the factory plant, the Company provided an estimate of its fair value based on the time value approach. The estimated fair value belongs to Level 3 ofthe fair value hierarchy because the input is not easily observable. Using this approach, the Company calculates the time value of money of the amountrecoverable based on the Company’s weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) in order to arrive at its fair value. The Company uses this approach todetermine its recoverable amount because a part of the factory plant is not readily resalable. Significant assumptions used in this estimation include usingthe WACC, which is comprised of the Company’s metrics of return of equity, return of debt, the relevant weights of the returns of equity and debt, and taxrate, in determining the fair value. As a result, as at December 31, 2018, the Company recorded as impairment loss in the amount of $13,311,557 in 2018,which brings the carrying value of the part of the factory plant not in use down to $0 as management is unable to assert the recoverability of such asset.F33Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements7.SEGMENT REPORTINGManagement currently identifies the Group’s three sales models as operating segments, which are wholesale, retail and contract manufacturing. Thesegment presentation is in accordance with management’s expectation of future business developments. These operating segments are monitored andstrategic decisions are made on the basis of segmental gross margins.WholesaleRetailSubcontractingConsolidatedFor the year ended December 31,For the year ended December 31,For the year ended December31,For the year ended December 31,By business201820172016201820172016201820172016201820172016Sales to externalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment revenue13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment grossmargins/(loss)2,245,9442,277,8586,504,893(5,402,994)(14,291,680)(5,668,061)840,914502,0071,321,441(2,316,137)(11,511,815)2,158,273Reconcilingitems(21,074,580)(7,901,842)(17,787,093)Profit/(loss)before tax(23,390,717)(19,413,657)(15,628,820)Income taxincome/(expense)5,422,1194,598,0613,726,133Profit/(loss) forthe year(17,968,598)(14,815,596)(11,902,687)As of December 31, 2018Wholesale andRetailSubcontractingUnallocatedConsolidatedCurrent assets27,287,5906,394,81417,46233,699,866Noncurrent assets7,864,39119,601,74927,466,140Total assets35,151,98125,996,56317,46261,166,006Current liabilities3,417,6551,590,5641,856,4676,864,685Total liabilities3,417,6551,590,5641,856,4676,864,685As of December 31, 2017Wholesale andRetailSubcontractingUnallocatedConsolidatedCurrent assets34,036,8836,284,11822,38440,343,385Noncurrent assets8,987,85731,978,46240,966,319Total assets43,024,74038,262,58022,38481,309,704Current liabilities3,722,2771,995,1641,565,0687,282,509Total liabilities3,722,2771,995,1641,565,0687,282,509Geographical informationThe Group’s operations are located in the PRC and all of the Group’s revenue is derived from sales to customers in the PRC. Hence, no analysis bygeographical area of operations is provided.F34Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsInformation about major customersMajor distributors that make up 10% or more of wholesale revenue are as below:Year ended December 31,201820172016Distributor A1,331,1941,454,8623,782,718Other distributors12,253,56013,579,93828,344,36513,584,75415,034,80032,127,083Information about major suppliersMajor suppliers that make up 10% or more of purchases are as below:Year ended December 31,201820172016Supplier A3,031,3102,403,3096,655,740Supplier B2,879,1105,424,342Supplier C1,530,4294,083,924Supplier D3,023,297Supplier E1,714,468Supplier F1,684,743Supplier G1,684,910Other suppliers2,901,9825,065,5636,436,80910,497,31212,398,51225,624,1128.REVENUEYear ended December 31,201820172016ApparelWholesale13,584,75415,034,80032,127,083Retail2,375,7736,983,5925,529,985Subtotal15,960,52722,018,39237,657,068Subcontracting2,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Revenue is denominated only in USD.F35Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements9.COST OF SALESCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for productionpurpose, outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges, and water and electricity. The following table shows a breakdown of cost of sales for theperiods presented for each category:Year ended December 31,201820172016Changes in inventories of finished goods and work in progress(24,474)227,132(302,979)Materials consumed in production29,61941,057120,847Purchases of finished goods19,044,58233,877,59836,567,197Labor1,061,943602,1961,313,120Depreciation352,739370,858236,578Rental452Taxes and surcharges *75,736157,314253,039Water and electricity62,02752,79648,557Inventory provision196,1248320Others128,773120,886238,562Foreign currency translation difference(76,269)(175,493)566,69120,851,25235,274,35239,041,932* Tax and surcharges are mainly Urban Maintenance and Construction Tax (7% of Valued Added Tax payment amount), Extra Charges of Education Fund(3% of Valued Added Tax payment amount) and Local Surcharge for Education Fund (2% of Valued Added Tax payment amount).10.OTHER INCOMEYear ended December 31,201820172016Government grant367,260469,569Interest income on bank deposits71,69381,51785,482Other50,44612,787122,139461,564555,05111.OTHER GAINS AND (LOSSES)Year ended December 31,201820172016Gain on disposals of property, plant and equipment1,38017110,541Foreign exchange gain(49)(48)54Provision / reversal of inventory obsolescence(196,124)(101,256)(1,667)Bad debt provision of trade receivables(331,196)Impairment of prepayments in land purchase and related construction(11,649,038)Impairment of property(13,311,557)Others(15,950)(21,110)847,539(13,522,300)(122,243)(11,123,767)F36Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements12.DISTRIBUTION AND SELLING EXPENSESYear ended December 31,201820172016Rental16,06621,52730,225Depreciation1,2182,680490,527Labor275,026258,233211,274Subsidy to distributors787,064773,238910,537Promotion15,62332,216137,210Advertisement1,152,1761,591,7421,554,023Others423,782585,744272,2142,670,9553,265,3803,606,01013.ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSEYear ended December 31,201820172016Labor2,193,1201,600,3801,170,013Audit fee122,908216,281(33,997)Professional fee69,63977,75475,609Design fee648,632937,478465,120Depreciation and amortization charges1,185,2571,149,4551,163,293Bank charges8,13018,35212,943Rental75,90774,66875,673Travelling and entertainment2,662107,56644,874Others600,765697,463570,4654,907,0204,879,3973,543,99314.FINANCE COSTSYear ended December 31,201820172016Interest expenses on bank borrowingswholly repayable within one year96,44496,38571,783Bank borrowings interests are charged at a rate of 6.09% per annum for the bank loan that was fully repaid in 2018.Bank borrowings interests are charged at a rate of 6.09% per annum for the current bank loan.F37Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements15.INCOME TAX (INCOME)/ EXPENSEor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:●the gain is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States by such non U.S. holder, and, if an income tax treaty applies,is attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by such nonU.S. holder in the U.S.;●the nonU.S. holder is an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the disposition, and certain otherconditions are met; or●We are or have been a “U.S. real property holding corporation,” or USRPHC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes at any time during the shorter of the fiveyear period ending on the date of disposition or the period during which the holder has held our Common Stock.NonU.S. holders whose gain is described in the first bullet point above will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the gain derived from the sale, net of certaindeductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. Corporate nonU.S. holders whose gain is described in the first bullet point above may also be subject to thebranch profits tax described above at a 30% rate or lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty. Individual nonU.S. holders described in the second bulletpoint above will be subject to a flat 30% U.S. federal income tax rate on the gain derived from the sale, which may be offset by U.S.source capital losses, eventhough such nonU.S. holders are not considered to be residents of the United States.A corporation will be a USRPHC if the fair market value of its U.S. real property interests equals or exceeds 50 percent of the aggregate of its real property interests(U.S. and nonU.S.) and its assets used or held for use in a trade or business. Because we do not currently own significant U.S. real property, we believe that we arenot currently and will not become a USRPHC. However, because the determination of whether we are a USRPHC depends on the fair market value of our U.S. realproperty relative to the fair market value of our other business assets, there can be no assurance that we will not become a USRPHC in the future. Even if we becomea USRPHC, however, as long as our common stock are regularly traded on an established securities market, such common stock will be treated as U.S. real propertyinterests only if a nonU.S. holder actually or constructively holds more than 5% of such regularly traded common stock at any time during the applicable period thatis specified in the Code.Foreign Account Tax ComplianceThe Foreign Account Tax Compliance provisions of the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act (generally referred to as “FATCA”), when applicable, willimpose a U.S. federal withholding tax of 30% on payments of dividends on, and (for dispositions after December 31, 2018) gross proceeds from dispositions of, ourcommon stock that are held through “foreign financial institutions” (which is broadly defined for this purpose and in general includes investment vehicles) andcertain other nonU.S. entities unless various U.S. information reporting and due diligence requirements (generally relating to ownership by U.S. persons of certaininterests in or accounts with those entities) have been satisfied or an exemption applies. An intergovernmental agreement between the United States and anapplicable foreign country may modify these requirements. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the effect, if any, of the FATCA provisions ontheir particular circumstances.78Table of ContentsInformation Reporting and Backup WithholdingPayments of dividends or of proceeds on the disposition of stock made to a holder of our common stock may be subject to information reporting and backupwithholding at a current rate of 24% unless such holder provides a correct taxpayer identification number on IRS Form W9 (or other appropriate withholding form)or establishes an exemption from backup withholding, for example by properly certifying the holder’s nonU.S. status on a Form W8BEN, Form W8BENE oranother appropriate version of IRS Form W8. Payments of dividends to holders must generally be reported annually to the IRS, along with the name and address ofthe holder and the amount of tax withheld, if any. A similar report is sent to the holder. Pursuant to applicable income tax treaties or other agreements, the IRS maymake these reports available to tax authorities in the holder’s country of residence.Backup withholding is not an additional tax; rather, the U.S. income tax liability of persons subject to backup withholding will be reduced by the amount of taxwithheld. If withholding results in an overpayment of taxes, a refund or credit may generally be obtained from the IRS, provided that the required information isfurnished to the IRS in a timely manner.F.Dividends and Paying AgentsNot applicable.G.Statement by ExpertsNot applicable.H.Documents on DisplayWe have filed this annual report on Form 20F with the SEC under the Exchange Act. Statements made in this report as to the contents of any document referred toare not necessarily complete. With respect to each such document filed as an exhibit to this report, reference is made to the exhibit for a more complete description ofthe matter involved, and each such statement shall be deemed qualified in its entirety by such reference.We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act as a foreign private issuer and file reports and other information with the SEC. Reports andother information filed by us with the SEC, including this report, may be inspected and copied at the public reference room of the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E.,Washington D.C. 20549. You can also obtain copies of this report by mail from the Public Reference Section of the SEC, 100 F. Street, N.E., Washington D.C. 20549, atprescribed rates. Additionally, copies of this material may be obtained from the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. The SEC’s telephone number is 1800SEC0330. In accordance with NASDAQ Stock Market Rule 5250(d), we will also post this annual report on Form 20F on our website at www.kbsfashion.com.As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of quarterly reports and proxy statements,and officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and shortswing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the ExchangeAct.I.Subsidiary InformationNot applicable.ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKInterest Rate RiskWe deposit surplus funds with Chinese banks earning daily interest. We do not invest in any instruments for trading purposes. Most of our outstanding debtinstruments carry fixed rates of interest. Our operations generally are not directly sensitive to fluctuations in interest rates and we currently do not have any longterm debt outstanding. Management monitors the banks’ prime rates in conjunction with our cash requirements to determine the appropriate level of debt balancesrelative to other sources of funds. We have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to interest rate risk.79Table of ContentsForeign Exchange RiskWhile our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar, substantially all of our consolidated revenues and consolidated costs and expenses are denominated in RMB.Substantially all of our assets are denominated in RMB. As a result, we are exposed to foreign exchange risk as our revenues and results of operations may beaffected by fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the RMB. If the RMB depreciates against the U.S. dollar, the value of our RMB revenues,earnings and assets as expressed in our U.S. dollar financial statements will decline. Assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates at the balance sheet datesand revenue and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates and equity is translated at historical exchange rates. Any resulting translation adjustmentsare not included in determining net income but are included in determining other comprehensive income, a component of equity. An average appreciation(depreciation) of the RMB against the U.S. dollar of 5% would increase (decrease) our comprehensive income by $0.93 million based on our outstanding revenues,costs and expenses, assets and liabilities denominated in RMB as of December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2018, our accumulated other comprehensive income was$1.8 million. We have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign exchange risk.The value of RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies is affected by, among other things, changes in China’s political and economic conditions. Since July2005, RMB has not been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Although the People’s Bank of China regularly intervenes in the foreign exchange market to prevent significantshortterm fluctuations in the exchange rate, RMB may appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the medium to long term. Moreover, itis possible that in the future, PRC authorities may lift restrictions on fluctuations in RMB exchange rate and lessen intervention in the foreign exchange market.InflationInflationary factors such as increases in the cost of our product and overhead costs may adversely affect our operating results. Although we do not believe thatinflation has had a material impact on our financial position or results of operations to date, a high rate of inflation in the future may have an adverse effect on ourability to maintain current levels of gross margin and selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net revenues if the selling prices of ourproducts do not increase with these increased costs.ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIESA.Debt SecuritiesNot applicable.B.Warrants and RightsNot applicable.C.Other SecuritiesNot applicable.D.American Depositary SharesWe do not have any American Depositary Shares.80Table of ContentsPART IIITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIESNone.ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDSNone.ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURESA.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresAn evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2018, was made under the supervision and with the participation ofour management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based on that evaluation, we concluded that our disclosure controls andprocedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms.B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a15(f) underthe Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding thereliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS and includes those policies and procedures that (1)pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of a company’s assets, (2) providereasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally acceptedaccounting principles, and that a company’s receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of a company’s management anddirectors, and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of a company’s assets thatcould have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.Because of its inherent limitations, a system of internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to consolidated financialstatement preparation and presentation and may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods aresubject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures maydeteriorate.As required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and related rules as promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission, our managementassessed the effectiveness of the our internal control over the financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, using criteria established in Internal Control — IntegratedFramework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment using those criteria, our managementconcluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2018.C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting FirmBecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer, this annual report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internalcontrol over financial reporting.81Table of ContentsD.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERTThe audit committee of our board of directors currently consists of three members, Matthew C. Los (who serves as chairman), John Sano andYuet Mei Chan. Ourboard of directors has determined that all of our audit committee members are “independent” under the Exchange Act and have the requisite financial knowledgeand experience to serve as members of our audit committee. In addition, our board of directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is an “audit committee financialexpert” as defined in Item 16A of the Instructions to Form 20F and meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements due to his current and past experience invarious companies in which he was responsible for, amongst others, the financial oversight responsibilities.ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICSOn October 25, 2014, our Audit Committee adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to all of the directors, officers and employees of the Company and its subsidiaries,including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer. The Code of Ethics addresses, among other things, honesty andethical conduct, conflicts of interest, compliance with laws, regulations and policies, including disclosure requirements under the federal securities laws,confidentiality, trading on inside information, and reporting of violations of the code. A copy of the Code of Ethics is filed as Exhibit 11.1 to the annual report onForm 20F filed on October 27, 2015 and is also available on our website at www.kbsfashion.com. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, there were nowaivers of our Code of Ethics.ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICESThe following table sets forth the aggregate fees by categories specified below in connection with services rendered by our principal external auditors for theperiods indicated.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,20182017Audit Fees*$120,000$110,000AuditRelated FeesTax FeesTOTAL$120,000$110,000*“Audit Fees” consisted of the aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements or services that arenormally provided by the accountant in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.Our Audit Committee preapproves all auditing services and permitted nonaudit services to be performed for us by our independent auditor, including the fees andterms thereof (subject to the de minimums exceptions for nonaudit services described in Section 10A(i)(l)(B) of the Exchange Act that are approved by our AuditCommittee prior to the completion of the audit). The percentage of services provided for which we paid auditrelated fees, tax fees, or other fees that were approvedby our Audit Committee pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(i)(C) of Rule 201 of Regulation SX promulgated by the SEC was 100%.ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEESPrior to July 10, 2017, in lieu of an audit committee comprised of three independent directors, our audit committee was comprised of two independent members of ourboard of directors. On July 10, 2017, the board of directors appointed Ms. Yuet Mei Chan as an independent director and a member of the audit committee. As aresult, we are in full compliance with the Nasdaq listing rules for the audit committee.82Table of ContentsITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERSThere were no purchases of equity securities made by or on behalf of us or any “affiliated purchaser” as defined in Rule 10b18 of the Exchange Act during theperiod covered by this Annual Report.ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANTNone.ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCEWe were incorporated in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (“RMI”) and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable RMI law, our articles ofincorporation and bylaws. In addition, because our common stock is listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements.NASDAQ Listing Rule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600,provided that such foreign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes thehome country practice followed in lieu of such requirement. The home country practices that we follow in lieu of NASDAQ’s corporate governance rules are asfollows:●we currently do not have a nominating committee or a compensation committee;●we did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in fiscal 2018; however, we may, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issuesthat require shareholders’ approvals; and●in lieu of obtaining shareholder approval prior to the adoption of an agreement pursuant to which stock may be acquired by officers, directors, employeesor consultants, the board of directors approves such adoption.ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURENot applicable.83Table of ContentsPART IIIITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTSWe have elected to provide financial statement pursuant to Item 18.ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTSThe financial statements are filed as part of this annual report beginning on page F1.ITEM 19.EXHIBITSExhibit No.Description1.1Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Amendment No. 4 to the registrant’s RegistrationStatement on Form F1 filed on October 24, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).1.2Articles of Amendment, filed with the Office of the Registrar of Corporations of Republic of the Marshall Islands on October 31, 2014(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant on October 27, 2015)1.3Articles of Amendment, filed with the Office of the Registrar of Corporations of Republic of the Marshall Islands on February 3, 2017(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Report on Form 6K furnished by the registrant on February 3, 2017)1.4Bylaws as amended on September 22, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.3 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant onOctober 27, 2015)2.1Specimen of Unit Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant on October 27,2015)2.2Specimen of Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant onOctober 27, 2015)2.3Specimen of Public Redeemable Warrant Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.3 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by theregistrant on October 27, 2015)2.4Specimen Placement Unit Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Amendment No. 3 to the registrant’s Registration Statement onForm F1 filed on October 15, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).2.5Specimen Placement Warrant Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Amendment No. 1 to the registrant’s RegistrationStatement on Form F1 filed on June 5, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).2.6Form of Warrant Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Amendment No. 4 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on FormF1 filed on October 24, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).2.7Form of Unit Purchase Option (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the Amendment No. 3 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on FormF1 filed on October 15, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).4.1Form of Registration Rights Agreement among the Registrant and the founders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Amendment No. 1to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F1 filed on June 5, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).4.2Form of Placement Unit Purchase Agreement between the registrant and the founders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the AmendmentNo. 4 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F1 filed on October 24, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).4.3Share Exchange Agreement and Plan of Liquidation, dated March 24, 2014, by and among Aquasition Corp., KBS International Holdings, Inc.,Hongri International Holdings Limited, Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registration Reporton Form 6K filed by the registrant on April 4, 2014)4.4Frist Amendment to Share Exchange Agreement and Plan of Liquidation, dated June 21, 2014 by and among Aquasition Corp., KBS InternationalHoldings, Inc., Hongri International Holdings Limited, Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (D)(3) toAmendment No.4 to the Schedule TO filed by the registrant on July 9, 2014)4.5Voting Agreement , dated August 1, 2014, by and among Aquasition Corp., Aquasition Investments Corp., Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to Shell Company Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant on August 7, 2014)84Table of ContentsExhibit No.Description4.6Form of Resale LockUp Agreement, dated August 1, 2014, by and among Aquasition Corp., Aquasition Investments Corp., Cheung So Wa, ChanSun Keung and other named parties(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.12 to Shell Company Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant onAugust 7, 2014)4.7Employee Agreement with Keyan Yan, dated August 1, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.13 to Shell Company Report on Form 20F filedby the registrant on August 7, 2014)4.8Employee Agreement with Lixia Tu, dated June 25, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.12 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by theregistrant on October 27, 2015)4.92018 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S8 filed by the registrant on December27, 2018)8.1List of the registrant’s subsidiaries (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 8.1 to Shell Company Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant onAugust 7, 2014)11.1Code of Ethics, adopted on October 25, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 11.1 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registranton October 27, 2015)12.1Certifications of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a14(a) or Rule 15d1(a)12.2Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a14(a) or Rule 15d1(a)13.1Certifications of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 200213.2Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 200215.1Consent from WWC, P.C., Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm101.INSXBRL Instance Document101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document85Table of ContentsSIGNATUREThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this report on its behalf. Date: April 30, 2019KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED/s/ Keyan YanKeyan YanChief Executive Officer86Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Financial StatementsFor the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016(Stated in US dollars)Table of ContentsCONTENTSPAGESREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMF2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/ (LOSS)F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITIONF4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITYF5CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSF6 – F7NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF8 – F59F1Table of ContentsREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo:The Board of Directors and Stockholders ofKBS Fashion Group LimitedOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of KBS Fashion Group Limited (the Company) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017,and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the threeyearperiod ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, inall material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of theyears in the threeyear period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International AccountingStandards Board.Emphasis of MatterThe Company incurred significant losses during the year ended December 31, 2018. The losses were related to the sale of products at discounted prices andimpairment loss charged during the year. During the year, the Company completed its cash management strategy that was put in place in 2017.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required tobe independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ WWC, P.C.WWC, P.C.Certified Public AccountantsWe have served as the Company’s auditor since April 25, 2016.San Mateo, CaliforniaApril 30, 2019F2Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income/ (Loss)For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016(Stated in U.S. Dollars)Year ended December 31,Notes201820172016Revenue818,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales9(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)Gross (loss)/profit(2,316,137)(11,511,816)2,158,273Other income10122,139461,564555,051Other gains and (losses)11(13,522,300)(122,243)(11,123,767)Distribution and selling expenses12(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)Administrative expenses13(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)Loss from operations(23,294,273)(19,317,272)(15,560,446)Finance costs14(96,444)(96,385)(71,783)Change in fair value of warrant liabilities313,409Loss before tax(23,390,717)(19,413,657)(15,628,820)Income tax income155,422,1194,598,0613,726,133Loss for the year16(17,968,598)(14,815,596)(11,902,687)Other comprehensive (loss) incomecurrency translation differences(3,071,697)4,810,715(6,125,433)Total comprehensive loss for the year(21,040,295)(10,004,881)(18,028,120)Loss per share of common stock attributable to the CompanyBasic19(8.06)(7.96)(6.80)Diluted19(8.06)(7.96)(6.80)Weighted average shares outstanding:Basic192,229,9151,860,8311,750,142Diluted192,229,9151,860,8311,750,142The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F3Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Financial PositionAs at December 31, 2018, and 2017(Stated in U.S. Dollars)As of December 31,Notes20182017Noncurrent assetsProperty, plant and equipmentnet2012,173,80827,824,523Prepayments and premiums under operating leases212,371,7352,568,199Prepayment for construction of new plant22Prepayment for acquisition of land use right23Land use rights24603,503648,652Deferred tax assets1514,688,8299,924,94429,837,87540,966,318Current assetsInventories251,245,8001,806,212Trade receivables268,122,22310,501,543Other receivables and prepayments26855,4731,901,268Subsidies prepaid to distributorsPrepayments and premiums under operating leases2178,53283,907Cash and cash equivalents2721,026,10326,050,45631,328,13140,343,386Total assets61,166,00681,309,704Current liabilitiesShort term bank loans301,092,7831,606,930Trade and other payables285,278,4605,451,830Related parties payables29445,614154,137Contract liabilities47,82869,6126,864,6857,282,509Noncurrent liabilityWarrant liabilities31Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,509EquityShare capital32227198Share premium328,000,5616,686,169Revaluation reserve33184,272184,272Statutory surplus reserve336,084,8366,084,836Retained profits3346,178,21364,146,811Foreign currency translation reserve33(6,146,788)(3,075,091)54,301,32174,027,195Total liabilities and equity61,166,00681,309,704The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F4Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Changes in EquityFor the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016(Stated in U.S. Dollars)ForeignStatutorycurrencyShareShareRevaluationsurplusRetainedtranslationcapitalpremiumreservereserveprofitsreserveTotal(Note 32)(Note 32)(Note 33)(Note 33)(Note 33)(Note 33)Balance at January 1, 20161705,627,2476,069,45790,880,473(1,760,373)100,816,974Reclassification of revaluation surplus184,272184,272Shares issued for stockbased compensation7428,993429,000Loss for the year(11,902,687)(11,902,687)Other comprehensive loss for the year(6,125,433)(6,125,433)Appropriation to statutory surplus reserve15,379(15,379)Balance at December 31, 20161776,056,240184,2726,084,83678,962,407(7,885,806)83,402,126Shares issued for stockbased compensation21629,929629,950Loss for the year(14,815,596)(14,815,596)Other comprehensive income for the year4,810,7154,810,715Balance at December 31, 20171986,686,169184,2726,084,83664,146,811(3,075,091)74,027,195Shares issued for stockbased compensation291,314,3921,314,421Loss for the year(17,968,598)(17,968,598)Other comprehensive loss for the year(3,071,697)(3,071,697)Balance at December 31, 20182278,000,561184,2726,084,83646,178,213(6,146,788)54,301,321The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F5Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Cash FlowsFor the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016(Stated in U.S. Dollars)Year ended December 31,201820172016OPERATING ACTIVITIESLoss for the year(17,968,598)(14,815,596)(11,902,687)Adjustments for:Sharebased payment1,314,420629,950429,000Finance cost96,44496,38571,783Change in fair value of warrant liabilities(3,409)Interest income(71,693)(81,517)(85,482)Depreciation of property, plant and equipment1,521,7251,510,2131,942,735Amortization of prepaid lease payments and trademark14,54514,30719,009Amortization of subsidies prepaid to distributors401,259910,537Amortization of prepayments and premiums under operating leases107,088105,340118,783Provision/(reversal) of inventory obsolescence196,124101,256(1,667)Bad debt provision of trade receivables331,196Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment9402,4181,441Provision of impairment loss in property, plant and equipment13,311,557Provision of impairment loss in prepayments11,649,038Operating cash flows before movements in working capital(1,477,448)(12,035,985)3,480,277Decrease in trade and other receivables1,941,33613,983,7817,265,940Decrease in inventories294,204669,923889,384Increase/(decrease) in trade and other payables2,036522,839(1,080,978)(Decrease)/increase in income tax payable(263,333)155,632Increase in deferred tax assets(5,422,119)(4,598,061)(3,779,923)Prepayments and premiums paid under operating leases958,6383,645,471(1,761,155)Subsidies prepaid to distributors(910,537)CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES(3,703,353)1,924,6354,258,640Income tax paid(2,385)(1,064,351)NET CASH FROM/(USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES(3,703,353)1,922,2503,194,289INVESTING ACTIVITIESInterest received71,69381,51785,482Purchase of property, plant and equipment(18,761)(946,882)(40,037)NET CASH FROM/(USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES52,932(865,365)45,445The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F6Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Cash FlowsFor the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016(Stated in U.S. Dollars)Year ended December 31,201820172016FINANCING ACTIVITIESInterest paid(96,444)(96,385)(71,783)New bank loans raised1,130,8401,557,3361,578,289Repayment of borrowings(1,583,175)(1,557,336)Advance from related party299,542387,030173,003Repayment to related party(7,633)(1,386,555)NET CASH FROM/(USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS(3,907,291)(39,025)4,919,243Effects of currency translation(1,117,062)1,513,140(1,556,982)CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF YEAR26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR21,026,10326,050,45624,576,341The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F7Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements1.GENERAL INFORMATIONOn January 26, 2012, Aquasition Investments Corp (“Company”) was organized as a blank check company pursuant to the laws of the Republic of theMarshall Islands for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, or similar acquisition transaction,one or more operating businesses or assets.On March 24, 2014, the Company entered into a Share Exchange Agreement and Plan of Liquidation (the “Agreement”) among KBS International Holdings,Inc. (“KBS”), a Nevada corporation, Hongri International Holdings Ltd (“Hongri”), a company organized under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, andCheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, the principal shareholders of KBS.On August 1, 2014, the share exchange was completed. In order to align with the brand and operations of the entities acquired pursuant to the Agreement,the Company changed its name from Aquasition Investments Corp to KBS Fashion Group Limited.The Company’s units which are comprised of one share of common stock and one warrant are traded on the NASDAQ Capital Markets. The Company’strading symbol is KBSF.The acquisition was accounted for as a reverse merger and recapitalization where the Company, the legal acquirer is the accounting acquiree, and KBS, thelegal acquiree, was the accounting acquirer.Description of Subsidiaries:Hongri International Holdings Limited (the “Hongri”), formerly known as Wah Ying International Investment Inc., was incorporated in the British VirginIslands (the “BVI”) on July 8, 2008 as a limited liability company with authorized share capital of $50,000, divided into 50,000 common shares with $1 parvalue. Up through December 31, 2010, 10,000 common shares had been issued at par. On January 27, 2011, the Company issued an additional 10,000common shares for cash consideration at $77 per share. The principal activity of the Company is investment holding. Hongri a directly wholly ownedsubsidiary of the Company.France Cock (China) Limited (“France Cock”) was incorporated in Hong Kong on September 21, 2005 as a limited liability company with authorized capitalof HK$10,000, divided into 10,000 common shares with par value of HK$1. The capital has been fully paid up. The principal activity of France Cock is theholding of intellectual property rights such as trademarks. France Cock owns the Company’s trademarks, including “KBS” and “Kabiniao”. France Cock is adirectly wholly owned subsidiary of Hongri.F8Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsRoller Rome Limited (“Roller Rome”) was incorporated in the BVI on March 28, 2006 as a limited liability company with authorized share capital of $50,000,divided into 50,000 common shares with par value of $1. The principal activity of Roller Rome is the provision of design and development services forsports apparel. Roller Rome is a directly wholly owned subsidiary of Hongri.Vast Billion Investment Limited (“Vast Billion”) was incorporated in Hong Kong on November 25, 2010 as a limited liability company with authorized sharecapital of HK$10,000 divided into 10,000 ordinary shares with HK$1par value. One ordinary share has been issued at par. Vast Billion is an investmentholding company, and is a directly wholly owned subsidiary of Hongri.Hongri (Fujian) Sports Goods Co. Ltd. (“Hongri Fujian”) was established in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”) on November 17, 2005 with aregistered and paid up capital of RMB 5,000,000. On March 24, 2011, Hongri Fujian increased registered capital from RMB 70,000,000 to RMB75,000,000. Asof September 30, 2011, the paid up capital was RMB 39,551,860. Hongri Fujian is engaged in the design, manufacture, marketing, and sale of apparel in thePRC. Hongri Fujian is a directly wholly owned subsidiary of Vast Billion.Anhui Kai Xin Apparel Company Limited (“Anhui Kai Xin”) was established in the PRC on March 16, 2011 with a registered and paid up capital of RMB1,000,000. Anhui Kai Xin is a wholly owned subsidiary of Hongri Fujian. Anhui Kai Xin provides contracting manufacturing services for companies in thesports apparel business.2.GROUP ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSThe Group structure as at the reporting date is as follows:F9Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements3.APPLICATION OF NEW AND REVISED INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (“IFRS”)Except as described below, for the year ended December 31, 2018 the Company has consistently adopted all the new and revised standards, amendmentsand interpretations (collectively IFRSs) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and the IFRS Interpretations Committee(formerly known as “International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee” (“IFRIC”)) of the IASB that are effective for financial year beginning onJanuary 1, 2018 in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements throughout the year.IFRS 2 (amendments) Classification and Measurement of Sharebased Payment TransactionsIAS 40 (amendments) Transfers of Investment PropertyAnnual improvements to IFRSs 2014–2016 cycleAmendments to IAS 28 Investments in Associates and Joint VenturesAmendments to IFRS 11: Accounting for acquisitions of interests in joint operationsIFRIC 22 Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance ConsiderationAmendments to IAS 16 and IAS 38: Clarification of acceptable methods of depreciation and amortizationAmendment to IAS 27: Equity method in separate financial statementsAmendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and IAS 28: Investment entities: applying the consolidation exceptionAmendments to IAS 1: Disclosure initiativeOther than as explained below regarding the impact of IFRS 9 and IFRS 15, the adoption of the above new and revised standards had no significantfinancial effect on these financial statements. Other standards, amendments and interpretations which are effective for the financial year beginning onJanuary 1, 2018 are not material to the Group.F10Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsIFRS 9, Financial instrumentsThe Company has initially adopted IFRS 9, Financial instruments from January 1, 2018. IFRS 9 replaces IAS 39, Financial instruments: recognition andmeasurement. It sets out requirements for recognising and measuring financial assets, financial liabilities and some contracts to buy or sell nonfinancialitems.Based on the assessment by the Company, there is no significant cumulative effect of the initial application of IFRS 9 at January 1, 2018 in accordance withthe transition requirement.Classification and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities IFRS 9 contains three principal classification and measurement categories forfinancial assets: amortised cost, FVOCI, and fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”).The classification for debt instruments is determined based on the entity’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual cash flowcharacteristics of the asset. A debt instrument will be measured at amortised cost if the instrument is held for the collection of contractual cash flows whichrepresent solely payments of principal and interest. Interest income from the debt instrument is calculated using the effective interest method.For equity instruments, the classification is FVTPL regardless of the entity’s business model. The only exception is if the equity instrument is not held fortrading and the entity irrevocably elects to designate that instrument as FVOCI. If an equity instrument is designated as FVOCI then only dividend incomeon that instrument will be recognised in profit or loss. Gains or losses on that instrument will be recognised in other comprehensive income withoutrecycling through profit or loss.For an explanation of how the Group classifies and measures financial assets and recognises related gains and losses under IFRS 9, see note 4, significantaccounting policies.The measurement categories and carrying amounts for all financial liabilities at January 1, 2018 have not been impacted by the initial application of IFRS 9.The Group did not designate or redesignate any financial asset or financial liability at FVTPL at January 1, 2018.Further, IFRS 9 replaces the “incurred loss” model in IAS 39 with an ECL model. The ECL model requires an ongoing measurement of credit risk associatedwith a financial asset and therefore recognises credit losses earlier than under the “incurred loss” model in IAS 39.F11Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsFor further details on the Group’s accounting policy for accounting for credit losses, see note 4, significant accounting policies.The Group has concluded that there is no material impact for the initial application of the new impairment requirements.IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with CustomersIFRS 15 establishes a fivestep model comprehensive framework for the recognition of revenue from contracts with customer: (i) identify the contract; (ii)identify performance obligations; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recogniserevenue when (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied, i.e. when “control” of the goods or services underlying the particular performance obligation istransferred to the customer. IFRS 15 replaced IAS 18 Revenue, IAS 11 Construction Contracts and related interpretations.IFRS 15 also introduces additional qualitative and quantitative disclosure requirements which aim to enable users of the financial statements to understandthe nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.The Company’s business model is straight forward and its contracts with customers for the sale of goods include only single performance obligation. TheCompany has concluded that revenue from sale should be recognised at the point of time when a customer obtains control of goods. The Company hasconcluded that the initial application of IFRS 15 does not have a significant impact on the Company’s revenue recognition.Under IFRS 15, a contract liability, is recognised when a customer pays consideration, or is contractually required to pay consideration and the amount isalready due, before the Company recognises the related revenue, or when the Company receives consideration from a customer and expects to refund someor all of that consideration to the customer (i.e. refund liability). To reflect this change in presentation, contract liabilities, including receipts in advance fromcustomers and refund liabilities are now separately presented as contract liabilities at December 31, 2018, as a result of the adoption of IFRS 15.F12Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsAt the date these consolidated financial statements are authorized for issuance, the IASB has issued the following new and revised InternationalAccounting Standards (“IASs”), IFRSs, amendments and IFRICs which are not yet effective in respect of the years. The Company has not early applied thefollowing new and revised standards, amendments or interpretations that have been issued but are not yet effective:IFRS 16 Leases(1)IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts(2)Amendments to IFRS 9 Prepayment Features with Negative Compensation(1)Amendments to IAS 28 Longterm Interests in Associates and Joint Ventures(1)Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2015–2017 Cycle Amendments to IFRS 3 Business Combinations, IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements, IAS 12 IncomeTaxes and IAS 23 Borrowing Costs(1)Amendments to IAS 19 Employee Benefits Plan Amendment, Curtailment or Settlement(1)IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements and IAS 28 (amendments) Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or JointVenture(3)IFRIC 23 Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments(1)(1) Effective for the accounting period beginning on January 1, 2019.(2) Effective for the accounting period beginning on January 1, 2021.(3) The effective date of the amendments has yet to be set by the IASBThe Company will apply the above new standards and amendments to standards when they become effective. The Company is in the process of making anassessment of the impact of the above new standards and amendments to standards.In relation to IFRS 16, the standard will result in almost all leases being recognised on the balance sheet, as the distinction between operating and financeleases is removed. Under the new standard, an asset (the right to use the leased item) and a financial liability to pay rentals are recognised. The onlyexceptions are shortterm and lowvalue leases. The accounting for lessors will not significantly change. The standard will affect primarily the accountingfor Company’s operating leases. As at the reporting date, the Company has noncancellable operating lease commitments of 2,450,267, see Note 34.However, the Company has not yet determined to what extent these commitments will result in the recognition of an asset and a liability for future paymentsand how this will affect the Group’s profit and classification of cash flows. Some of the commitments may be covered by the exception for shortterm andlow value leases and some commitments may relate to arrangements that will not qualify as leases under IFRS 16.The standard is mandatory for accounting periods commencing on or after January 1, 2019. At this stage, the Company does not intend to adopt thestandard before its effective date.There are no other standards and interpretations in issue but not yet adopted that the directors anticipate will have a material effect on the consolidatedfinancial statements of the Company.F13Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements4.SIGNIFCANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESThe principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial statements are set out below. The policies have been consistently applied to allthe years presented, unless otherwise stated.Basis of preparationThe consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis and in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. The principalaccounting policies are set out below.Basis of consolidationThe consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the Company and entities controlled by the Company (its subsidiaries).Control is achieved where the Company has the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities.Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies into line with those used by othermembers of the Group.All intragroup transactions, balances, income and expenses are eliminated on consolidation.Foreign currenciesFunctional and presentation currencyItems included in the financial statements are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the“functional currency”).The Group conducts its business predominately in the PRC and hence its functional currency is the Renminbi (RMB).F14Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsTranslation from RMB to USD found place at the following rates:Period end ratesAverage ratesDecember 31, 2016USD 1.00= RMB 6.9370USD 1.00=RMB 6.6528 December 31, 2017USD 1.00= RMB 6.5924USD 1.00=RMB 6.7423December 31, 2018USD 1.00= RMB 6.8632USD 1.00=RMB 6.6322Translation from HKD to USD found place at the following rates:Period end ratesAverage ratesDecember 31, 2016USD 1.00= HKD 7.7552USD 1.00=HKD 7.7614December 31, 2017USD 1.00= HKD 7.8170USD 1.00=HKD 7.7928December 31, 2018USD 1.00= HKD 7.8329USD 1.00=HKD 7.8636The results and financial positions in functional currency are translated into the presentation currency, USD, of the Company as follows:(1)Assets and liabilities for each balance sheet presented are translated at the closing rate at the date of that balance sheet;(2)Income and expenses for each income statement are translated at average exchange rates (unless this average is not a reasonable approximation ofthe cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and expenses are translated at the dates of thetransactions);(3)Share equity, share premium and dividends are translated at historical exchange rates; and(4)All resulting exchange differences are recognized in foreign currency translation reserve, a separate component of equity.All financial information presented in USD has been rounded to the nearest dollar, except when otherwise indicated.Segment reportingOperating segments, and the amounts of each segment item reported in the financial statements, are identified from the financial information providedregularly to the Group’s most senior executive management for the purposes of allocating resources to, and assessing the performance of, the Group’svarious lines of business and geographical locations.F15Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsIndividually material operating segments are not aggregated for financial reporting purposes unless the segments have similar economic characteristics andare similar in respect of the nature of products and services, the nature of production processes, the type or class of customers, the methods used todistribute the products or provide the services, and the nature of the regulatory environment. Operating segments which are not individually material maybe aggregated if they share a majority of these criteria. The Group’s three segments are wholesale, retail and contract manufacturing.Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)Revenue from contracts with customersRevenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of goods or services is transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects theconsideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.When the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the amount of consideration is estimated to which the Company will be entitled inexchange for transferring the goods or services to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it ishighly probable that a significant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with thevariable consideration is subsequently resolved.When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to thecustomer for more than one year, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would bereflected in a separate financing transaction between the Company and the customer at contract inception. When the contract contains a financingcomponent which provides the Company a significant financial benefit for more than one year, revenue recognised under the contract includes the interestexpense accreted on the contract liability under the effective interest method. For a contract where the period between the payment by the customer andthe transfer of the promised goods or services is one year or less, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component,using the practical expedient in IFRS 15.Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of thegoods.Other incomeInterest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method by applying the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cashreceipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, when appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.Rental income is recognised on a time proportion basis over the lease terms.Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associatedwith the dividend will flow to the Company and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. F16Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsRevenue recognition (applicable before January 1, 2018)Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods sold in the normal course ofbusiness, net of discounts and sales related taxes.The Group’s revenue originates (i) from corporate owned stores, (ii) distributors and (iii) the services performed as an original design manufacturer.Revenue from all above categories is recognized when all the following conditions are satisfied:●the Group has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;●the Group has fully rendered service to the contract manufacturing customer by shipping the product to the customer;●the Group retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goodssold;●the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;●it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Group; and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respectof the transaction can be measured reliably.Specifically, revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered, and title has passed.Contract liabilities (applicable from 1 January 2018)A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Group has received a consideration (or an amount ofconsideration that is due) from the customer. If a customer pays the consideration before the Group transfers goods or services to the customer, a contractliability is recognised when the payment is made or the payment is due (whichever is earlier). Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the Groupperforms under the contract.Value added tax (VAT)Output VAT is 16% of product sales and taxable services revenue, according to tax laws. The remaining balance of output VAT, after subtracting thedeductible input VAT of the period, is VAT payable.F17Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsBorrowing costsBorrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantialperiod of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets are substantially ready for theirintended use or sale.All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Retirement benefit costsPursuant to the relevant regulations of the PRC government, the Group’s subsidiaries located in the PRC participate in a local municipal governmentretirement benefits scheme (the “Scheme”), whereby they contribute a prescribed percentage of the basic salaries of their employees to the Scheme to fundtheir retirement benefits. Once the Scheme has been funded via contributions by the Group’s participating subsidiaries, the local municipal governmenttakes responsibility for the retirement benefits obligations of all existing and future retired employees of those subsidiaries located in the PRC; accordingly,the only obligation of the Group with respect to the Scheme is to pay the ongoing required contributions as long as the employees maintain employmentwith the Group. There are no provisions under the Scheme whereby forfeited contributions may be used to reduce future contributions. These plans areconsidered defined contribution plans. The Group has no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixedcontributions into the pension schemes. Contributions to pension schemes are recognized as an expense in the period in which the related service isperformed.TaxationThe tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to itemsrecognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity,respectively.The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries wherethe Group operates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in whichapplicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the taxauthorities.F18Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsDeferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and thecorresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences.Deferred tax assets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be availableagainst which those deductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary differencearises from goodwill or from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neitherthe taxable profit nor the accounting profit.Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able tocontrol the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assetsarising from deductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will besufficient taxable profits against which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable thatsufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized,based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred taxliabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, torecover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities andwhen the deferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or differenttaxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly inequity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax ordeferred tax arises from the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.F19Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsStore preopening costStore preopening cost was the startup activity costs incurred prior to opening a new store, mainly including leasing, leasehold improvements, payroll andsupplies. The accounting policies for leasing and leasehold improvements were as below. Other store preopening costs were directly charged to expenseswhen occurred.LeasingLeases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All otherleases are classified as operating leases.Leasehold improvementsLeasehold improvements, principally comprising costs of office buildings and shops renovation, are held for administrative and selling purposes.Leasehold improvements are initially measured at cost and amortized systematically over its useful life.Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment (“PPE”) including buildings held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposesother than construction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful livesand after taking into account of their estimated residual value, using the straightline method.Construction in progress includes property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction inprogress is carried at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Construction in progress is classified to the appropriate category of property, plant andequipment when completed and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when theassets are ready for their intended use.An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued useof the asset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carryingamount of the item) is included in profit or loss in the period in which the item is derecognized.F20Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsThe Group as lessorRental income from operating leases is recognized in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease.Land use rightsLand use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents consideration paid for the rights touse the land on which various plants and buildings are situated for periods varying from 20 to 50 years.Amortization of land use rights is calculated on a straightline basis over the period of the land use rights.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Net realizablevalue represents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.Financial instruments – investments and other financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementFinancial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income, and fairvalue through profit or loss.The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s businessmodel for managing them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has appliedthe practical expedient of not adjusting the effect of a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value, plus inthe case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financingcomponent or for which the Group has applied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15 in accordance withthe policies set out for “Revenue recognition (applicable from January 1, 2018)” below.In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, it needs to give rise to cashflows that are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business modeldetermines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell theasset. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established byregulation or convention in the marketplace.F21Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsSubsequent measurementThe subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows:Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)The Group measures financial assets at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective interest method and are subject to impairment. Gains and losses arerecognised in the income statement when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired.Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt instruments)The Group measures debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:●The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.●The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.For debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversalsare recognised in the income statement and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair valuechanges are recognised in other comprehensive income. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in other comprehensive incomeis recycled to the income statement.F22Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsFinancial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (equity investments)Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity investments designated at fair value through othercomprehensive income when they meet the definition of equity under IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. Theclassification is determined on an instrumentbyinstrument basis.Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to the income statement. Dividends are recognised as other income in the income statementwhen the right of payment has been established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and theamount of the dividend can be measured reliably, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financialasset, in which case, such gains are recorded in other comprehensive income. Equity investments designated at fair value through other comprehensiveincome are not subject to impairment assessment.Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossFinancial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair valuethrough profit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they areacquired for the purpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held fortrading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interestare classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to beclassified at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair valuethrough profit or loss on initial recognition if doing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised inthe income statement. This category includes derivative financial instruments and structured bank deposits.A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or nonfinancial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separatederivative if the economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embeddedderivative would meet the definition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives aremeasured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in the income statement. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms ofthe contract that significantly modifies the cash flows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value throughprofit or loss category.A derivative embedded within a hybrid contract containing a financial asset host is not accounted for separately. The financial asset host together with theembedded derivative is required to be classified in its entirety as a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.Financial instruments – impairment of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)The Group recognises an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference betweenthe contractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation ofthe original effective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that areintegral to the contractual terms.General approachECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs areprovided for credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12months (a 12month ECL). For those credit exposures for whichthere has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life ofthe exposure, irrespective of the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).F23Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsAt each reporting date, the Group assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. Whenmaking the assessment, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a defaultoccurring on the financial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information that is available withoutundue cost or effort, including historical and forwardlooking information.The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also considera financial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts infull before taking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation ofrecovering the contractual cash flows.Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost are subject to impairment under the generalapproach and they are classified within the following stages for measurement of ECLs except for trade receivables which apply the simplified approach asdetailed below.Stage 1 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition and for which the loss allowance is measured atan amount equal to 12month ECLsStage 2 – Financial instruments for which credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition but that are not creditimpaired financial assets andfor which the loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsStage 3 – Financial assets that are creditimpaired at the reporting date (but that are not purchased or originated creditimpaired) and for which the lossallowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLsSimplified approachFor trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or when the Group applies the practical expedient of not adjusting the effect ofa significant financing component, the Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Under the simplified approach, the Group does not trackchanges in credit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrixthat is based on its historical credit loss experience, adjusted for forwardlooking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.For trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and lease receivables, the Group chooses as its accounting policy to adopt thesimplified approach in calculating ECLs with policies as described above.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial assets (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed fromthe Group’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:●the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or●the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full withoutmaterial delay to a third party under a “passthrough” arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of theasset.When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to whatextent, it has retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset nor transferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement.In that case, the Group also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects therights and obligations that the Group has retained.Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original amount of the asset and themaximum amount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.Financial instruments – financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)Initial recognition and measurementAll financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs. TheGroup’s financial liabilities include trade payables, other payables, financial liabilities included in accruals and interestbearing bank borrowings.F24Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsSubsequent measurementAfter initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate methodunless the effect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. Gains and losses are recognised in the income statement whenthe liabilities are derecognised as well as through the effective interest rate amortisation process.Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the effectiveinterest rate. The effective interest rate amortisation is included in finance costs in the income statement.Financial instruments – derecognition of financial liabilities (applicable from January 1, 2018)A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled, or expires.When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability aresubstantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and thedifference between the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement.Financial instruments – offsetting financial instruments (applicable from January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceablelegal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.Financial instruments (applicable before January 1, 2018)Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when a group entity becomes a party to thecontractual provisions of the instrument.Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue offinancial assets and financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initialrecognition.F25Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements(1)Financial assetsThe Group’s financial assets are classified as receivables.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset and of allocating interest income over the relevant period.The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form anintegral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset, or, whereappropriate, a shorter period to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.Interest income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments.ReceivablesReceivables are nonderivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Receivables (including tradeand other receivables, related parties receivables, and cash and cash equivalents) are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, lessany impairment (see accounting policy on impairment loss on receivables below).Impairments of receivablesReceivables are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of the reporting period. Receivables are impaired where there is objective evidence that, asa result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the receivables, the estimated future cash flows of the receivables have beenaffected.Objective evidence of impairment could include:●significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty;●default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;●it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization.For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade and other receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequentlyassessed for impairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience ofcollecting payments, and increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, observable changes in national orlocal economic conditions that correlate with default on receivables.An impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between theasset’s carrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.F26Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsThe carrying amount of the receivables is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with exception of trade and other receivables,where the carrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized inprofit or loss. When a trade and other receivable are considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries ofamounts previously written off are credited to profit or loss.If, in a subsequent period, the amount of impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairmentlosses was recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset atthe date the impairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and on hand, demand deposits with banks and other financial institutions, and shortterm, highly liquidinvestments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, having been withinthree months of maturity at acquisition(2)Financial liabilities and equityFinancial liabilities and equity instruments issued by a group entity are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered intoand the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Group after deducting all of its liabilities.Effective interest methodThe effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period.The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form anintegral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or, whereappropriate, a shorter period to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.F27Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsInterest expense is recognized on an effective interest basis.Financial liabilitiesFinancial liabilities including trade and other payables, related parties payables and shortterm loans are subsequently measured at amortized cost, usingthe effective interest method.Equity instrumentsEquity instruments issued by the group entities are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.(3)DerecognitionFinancial assets are derecognized when the rights to receive cash flows from the assets expire or, the financial assets are transferred and the Group hastransferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial assets. On derecognition of a financial asset, the difference between theasset’s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognized in profit or loss.Financial liabilities are derecognized when the obligation specified in the relevant contract is discharged, cancelled or expires. The difference between thecarrying amount of the financial liability derecognized and the consideration paid and payable is recognized in profit or loss.Capital and ReservesShare capital represents the nominal value of shares that have been issued by the Group. Share capital is determined using the nominal value of shares thathave been issued.Retained profits include all current and prior period results as determined in the combined statement of comprehensive income.Foreign currency translation reserve arising on the translation are included in the currency translation reserve.In accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of PRC, the subsidiaries of the Group established in PRC are required to transfer 10% of its annualstatutory net profit (after offsetting any prior years’ losses) to the statutory reserve. When the balance of such reserve reaches 50% of the subsidiary’sshare capital, any further transfer of its annual statutory net profit is optional. Such reserve may be used to offset accumulated losses or to increase theregistered capital of the subsidiary subject to the approval of the relevant authorities. However, except for offsetting prior years’ losses, such statutoryreserve must be maintained at a minimum of 25% of the share capital after such usage. The statutory reserves are not available for dividend distribution tothe shareholders.F28Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsAll transactions with owners of the Group are recorded separately within equity.Earnings/(loss) per shareBasic earnings per share (“EPS”) are computed by dividing income attributable to holders of common shares by the weighted average number of commonshares outstanding during the year. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common shares wereexercised or converted into common shares. Potential dilutive securities are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS in loss periods as their effectwould be antidilutive.5.SIGNIFICANT MANAGEMENT JUDGEMENT IN APPLYING ACCOUNTING POLICIESThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to exercise judgment in the process of applying the Group’saccounting policies and requires the use of accounting estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosureof contingent assets and liabilities at the date of financial statements and reported amount of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Thefollowing estimates that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets and liabilities within the next financial yearare disclosed below.Provision for expected credit losses on trade receivablesThe Group estimates the loss allowances for trade receivables by assessing the ECLs. This requires the use of estimates and judgements. ECLs are basedon the Group’s historical credit loss experience, adjusted for factors that are specific to the debtors, and an assessment of both the current and forecastgeneral economic conditions at the end of reporting period. Where the estimation is different from the previous estimate, such difference will affect thecarrying amounts of trade receivables and thus the impairment loss in the period in which such estimate is changed. The Group keeps assessing theexpected credit loss of trade receivables during their expected lives.Impairment LossesImpairment losses are based on an assessment of the investment or longlived assets’ ability to generate future cash flows when there is evidence thatthese assets may be impaired. The calculation of the amount of impairment loss are based on estimates made by management when applying broadaccounting principles governing the accounting for these assets. The determination of these estimates requires judgment by management. The finaloutcome may differ from the original estimates made by management, which may impact the carrying value of the assets which management has determinedto be impaired and charged to the Company’s profit loss during the period.F29Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsIncome TaxThe Group has exposure to income taxes in numerous jurisdictions. Significant judgment is involved in determining the Group’s provision for income taxes.There are certain transactions and computations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain during the ordinary course of business. The Grouprecognizes liabilities for expected tax issues based on estimates of whether additional taxes will be due. Where the final tax outcome of these matters isdifferent from the amounts that were initially recognized, such differences will impact the income tax and differed tax provisions in the period in which suchdetermination is made. The carrying amount of the Group’s income tax payable as at December 31, 2018 and 2017 amounted to $nil and $nil, respectively.6.KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTYIn the application of the Group’s accounting policies, which are described in Note 4, management is required to make estimates and assumptions about thecarrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based onhistorical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which theestimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and futureperiods.The following are the key assumptions concerning the future, and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the end of the reporting period, that havea significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets within the next financial year.Depreciation of building, machinery and equipmentAs described in Note 4, the Group reviews the estimated useful lives and residual values of property, plant and equipment at the end of each reportingperiod. The cost of building, machinery and equipment is depreciated on a straightline basis over the assets’ estimated useful lives. Managementestimates the useful lives of these buildings, machinery and equipment to be within 5 to 20 years. These are the common life expectancies applied in thesame industry. Changes in the expected level of usage and technological developments could impact the economic useful lives and the residual values ofthese assets, therefore future depreciation charges could be revised.F30Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsFair value of warrantsThe fair value of warrants was determined using a binomiallattice model. This model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including pricevolatility of the underlying stock. Changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the estimate of fair value of the warrants and theCompany’s results of operations could be impacted. This model is dependent upon several variables such as the instrument’s expected term, expectedstrike price, expected riskfree interest rate over the expected instrument term, the expected dividend yield rate over the expected instrument term, and theexpected volatility of the Company’s stock price over the expected term. The expected term represents the period of time that the instruments granted areexpected to be outstanding. The expected strike price is based upon a weighted average probability analysis of the strike price changes expected during theterm as a result of the down round protection. The riskfree rates are based on U.S. Treasury securities with similar maturities as the expected terms of theoptions at the date of valuation. Expected dividend yield is based on historical trends. The Company measures volatility using the volatility rates of marketindex.Impairment of nonfinancial assetsProperty, plant and equipment are tested for impairment whenever there is any objective evidence or indication that these assets may be impaired.For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the valueinuse) is determined on anindividual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. If this is the case, therecoverable amount is determined for the cashgeneratingunit (“CGU”) to which the asset belongs.If the recoverable amount of the asset (or CGU) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or CGU) is reduced to itsrecoverable amount.The difference between the carrying amount and recoverable amount is recognized as an impairment loss in the income statement, unless the asset iscarried at revalued amount, in which case, such impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.An impairment loss for an asset other than goodwill is reversed if, and only if, there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the asset’srecoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The carrying amount of this asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount,provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortization or depreciation) hadno impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years.F31Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsA reversal of impairment loss for an asset other than goodwill is recognized in the income statement, unless the asset is carried at revalued amount, inwhich case, such reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, the Company recognized impairment losses of $nil, $nil, and $4,659,838, respectively, for itsprepayments for acquisition of land use rights. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, the Company recognized impairment losses of$nil, $nil, and $6,989,200, respectively, for its related prepayments for construction on such land. The impairment reflects the current reduction in the valueof the investment as a result of the delay in time to complete the construction projects and delay in procurement of legal certificates that would lead to theassets being put into service that would give rise to expected future profitability which at December 31, 2018, has been temporarily postponed beyond thenext operating period. The impairment losses charged to the prepayments has brought the carrying values to their respective recoverable amount in its fairvalue less costs to sell.During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, the Company recognized impairment losses of $13,311,557, $nil, and $nil, respectively, for a partof its factory plant in Anhui that is not currently in use. The impairment reflects the current reduction in the value of the carrying cost as a result of thecompany’s evaluation of the recoverability of its investment. The impairment losses charged to the factory plant has brought the carrying values to theirrespective recoverable amount in its fair value less costs to sell.For the prepayment for acquisition of land use rights, the Company provided an estimate of its fair value based on the market value substitution rule. Theestimated fair value belongs to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because the input is determined through quoted prices of similar assets without anactively quoted market. Using the market approach, the Company compares the price of the land use right that the Company intended to acquire with theprice of similar land use rights in the same geographical area, adjusted by factors such as price index, frequency of actual transactions conducted,environmental conditions, etc. Significant assumptions used in this estimation include the ability to legally obtain such land use rights, the usage of land asindustrial use, the date of transaction at year end, etc. As a result, the Company provided an estimate in the amount of $5,154,034. Finally, the fair value isreduced by estimated costs to sell which include, but not limited to, legal costs, stamp duty, similar transaction tax, etc. in the amount of $379,971. The netvalue is then compared to the carrying value, and the difference is recorded as impairment loss in the amount of $1,317,295 in 2015. In 2016, since there is noprogress in regards to the acquisition of land use rights, the Company provided further impairment to bring the carrying value down to $0 as management isunable to assert the recoverability of such asset.F32Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsFor the prepayment for construction, the Company provided an estimate of its fair value based on the time value approach. The estimated fair valuebelongs to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because the input is not easily observable. Using this approach, the Company calculates the time value ofmoney of the amount prepaid based on the Company’s weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) in order to arrive at its fair value. The Company usesthis approach to determine its recoverable amount because such prepayments are not readily resalable, and the ability to realize this amount is contingentupon the Company’s ability to successfully acquire the land use right as mentioned above. Significant assumptions used in this estimation include usingthe WACC, which is comprised of the Company’s metrics of return of equity, return of debt, the relevant weights of the returns of equity and debt, and taxrate, in determining the fair value. As a result, as at December 31, 2015, the Company provided an estimate in the amount of $7,160,523. Since this asset isnot resalable, the company estimated costs to sell for this asset in the amount of $0. The net value is then compared to the carrying value, and thedifference is recorded as impairment loss in the amount of $1,248,039 in 2015. In 2017, since there was no progress in regards to the construction, theCompany provided further impairment to bring the carrying value down to $0 as management is unable to assert the recoverability of such asset.For the factory plant, the Company provided an estimate of its fair value based on the time value approach. The estimated fair value belongs to Level 3 ofthe fair value hierarchy because the input is not easily observable. Using this approach, the Company calculates the time value of money of the amountrecoverable based on the Company’s weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) in order to arrive at its fair value. The Company uses this approach todetermine its recoverable amount because a part of the factory plant is not readily resalable. Significant assumptions used in this estimation include usingthe WACC, which is comprised of the Company’s metrics of return of equity, return of debt, the relevant weights of the returns of equity and debt, and taxrate, in determining the fair value. As a result, as at December 31, 2018, the Company recorded as impairment loss in the amount of $13,311,557 in 2018,which brings the carrying value of the part of the factory plant not in use down to $0 as management is unable to assert the recoverability of such asset.F33Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements7.SEGMENT REPORTINGManagement currently identifies the Group’s three sales models as operating segments, which are wholesale, retail and contract manufacturing. Thesegment presentation is in accordance with management’s expectation of future business developments. These operating segments are monitored andstrategic decisions are made on the basis of segmental gross margins.WholesaleRetailSubcontractingConsolidatedFor the year ended December 31,For the year ended December 31,For the year ended December31,For the year ended December 31,By business201820172016201820172016201820172016201820172016Sales to externalcustomers13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment revenue13,584,75415,034,80032,127,0832,375,7736,983,5925,529,9852,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Segment grossmargins/(loss)2,245,9442,277,8586,504,893(5,402,994)(14,291,680)(5,668,061)840,914502,0071,321,441(2,316,137)(11,511,815)2,158,273Reconcilingitems(21,074,580)(7,901,842)(17,787,093)Profit/(loss)before tax(23,390,717)(19,413,657)(15,628,820)Income taxincome/(expense)5,422,1194,598,0613,726,133Profit/(loss) forthe year(17,968,598)(14,815,596)(11,902,687)As of December 31, 2018Wholesale andRetailSubcontractingUnallocatedConsolidatedCurrent assets27,287,5906,394,81417,46233,699,866Noncurrent assets7,864,39119,601,74927,466,140Total assets35,151,98125,996,56317,46261,166,006Current liabilities3,417,6551,590,5641,856,4676,864,685Total liabilities3,417,6551,590,5641,856,4676,864,685As of December 31, 2017Wholesale andRetailSubcontractingUnallocatedConsolidatedCurrent assets34,036,8836,284,11822,38440,343,385Noncurrent assets8,987,85731,978,46240,966,319Total assets43,024,74038,262,58022,38481,309,704Current liabilities3,722,2771,995,1641,565,0687,282,509Total liabilities3,722,2771,995,1641,565,0687,282,509Geographical informationThe Group’s operations are located in the PRC and all of the Group’s revenue is derived from sales to customers in the PRC. Hence, no analysis bygeographical area of operations is provided.F34Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial StatementsInformation about major customersMajor distributors that make up 10% or more of wholesale revenue are as below:Year ended December 31,201820172016Distributor A1,331,1941,454,8623,782,718Other distributors12,253,56013,579,93828,344,36513,584,75415,034,80032,127,083Information about major suppliersMajor suppliers that make up 10% or more of purchases are as below:Year ended December 31,201820172016Supplier A3,031,3102,403,3096,655,740Supplier B2,879,1105,424,342Supplier C1,530,4294,083,924Supplier D3,023,297Supplier E1,714,468Supplier F1,684,743Supplier G1,684,910Other suppliers2,901,9825,065,5636,436,80910,497,31212,398,51225,624,1128.REVENUEYear ended December 31,201820172016ApparelWholesale13,584,75415,034,80032,127,083Retail2,375,7736,983,5925,529,985Subtotal15,960,52722,018,39237,657,068Subcontracting2,574,5881,744,1443,543,13718,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Revenue is denominated only in USD.F35Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements9.COST OF SALESCost of sales comprises of purchasing materials, labor costs for personnel employed in production, depreciation of noncurrent assets used for productionpurpose, outsourced manufacturing cost, taxes and surcharges, and water and electricity. The following table shows a breakdown of cost of sales for theperiods presented for each category:Year ended December 31,201820172016Changes in inventories of finished goods and work in progress(24,474)227,132(302,979)Materials consumed in production29,61941,057120,847Purchases of finished goods19,044,58233,877,59836,567,197Labor1,061,943602,1961,313,120Depreciation352,739370,858236,578Rental452Taxes and surcharges *75,736157,314253,039Water and electricity62,02752,79648,557Inventory provision196,1248320Others128,773120,886238,562Foreign currency translation difference(76,269)(175,493)566,69120,851,25235,274,35239,041,932* Tax and surcharges are mainly Urban Maintenance and Construction Tax (7% of Valued Added Tax payment amount), Extra Charges of Education Fund(3% of Valued Added Tax payment amount) and Local Surcharge for Education Fund (2% of Valued Added Tax payment amount).10.OTHER INCOMEYear ended December 31,201820172016Government grant367,260469,569Interest income on bank deposits71,69381,51785,482Other50,44612,787122,139461,564555,05111.OTHER GAINS AND (LOSSES)Year ended December 31,201820172016Gain on disposals of property, plant and equipment1,38017110,541Foreign exchange gain(49)(48)54Provision / reversal of inventory obsolescence(196,124)(101,256)(1,667)Bad debt provision of trade receivables(331,196)Impairment of prepayments in land purchase and related construction(11,649,038)Impairment of property(13,311,557)Others(15,950)(21,110)847,539(13,522,300)(122,243)(11,123,767)F36Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements12.DISTRIBUTION AND SELLING EXPENSESYear ended December 31,201820172016Rental16,06621,52730,225Depreciation1,2182,680490,527Labor275,026258,233211,274Subsidy to distributors787,064773,238910,537Promotion15,62332,216137,210Advertisement1,152,1761,591,7421,554,023Others423,782585,744272,2142,670,9553,265,3803,606,01013.ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSEYear ended December 31,201820172016Labor2,193,1201,600,3801,170,013Audit fee122,908216,281(33,997)Professional fee69,63977,75475,609Design fee648,632937,478465,120Depreciation and amortization charges1,185,2571,149,4551,163,293Bank charges8,13018,35212,943Rental75,90774,66875,673Travelling and entertainment2,662107,56644,874Others600,765697,463570,4654,907,0204,879,3973,543,99314.FINANCE COSTSYear ended December 31,201820172016Interest expenses on bank borrowingswholly repayable within one year96,44496,38571,783Bank borrowings interests are charged at a rate of 6.09% per annum for the bank loan that was fully repaid in 2018.Bank borrowings interests are charged at a rate of 6.09% per annum for the current bank loan.F37Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements15.INCOME TAX (INCOME)/ EXPENSEor other disposition of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:●the gain is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States by such non U.S. holder, and, if an income tax treaty applies,is attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by such nonU.S. holder in the U.S.;●the nonU.S. holder is an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the disposition, and certain otherconditions are met; or●We are or have been a “U.S. real property holding corporation,” or USRPHC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes at any time during the shorter of the fiveyear period ending on the date of disposition or the period during which the holder has held our Common Stock.NonU.S. holders whose gain is described in the first bullet point above will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the gain derived from the sale, net of certaindeductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. Corporate nonU.S. holders whose gain is described in the first bullet point above may also be subject to thebranch profits tax described above at a 30% rate or lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty. Individual nonU.S. holders described in the second bulletpoint above will be subject to a flat 30% U.S. federal income tax rate on the gain derived from the sale, which may be offset by U.S.source capital losses, eventhough such nonU.S. holders are not considered to be residents of the United States.A corporation will be a USRPHC if the fair market value of its U.S. real property interests equals or exceeds 50 percent of the aggregate of its real property interests(U.S. and nonU.S.) and its assets used or held for use in a trade or business. Because we do not currently own significant U.S. real property, we believe that we arenot currently and will not become a USRPHC. However, because the determination of whether we are a USRPHC depends on the fair market value of our U.S. realproperty relative to the fair market value of our other business assets, there can be no assurance that we will not become a USRPHC in the future. Even if we becomea USRPHC, however, as long as our common stock are regularly traded on an established securities market, such common stock will be treated as U.S. real propertyinterests only if a nonU.S. holder actually or constructively holds more than 5% of such regularly traded common stock at any time during the applicable period thatis specified in the Code.Foreign Account Tax ComplianceThe Foreign Account Tax Compliance provisions of the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act (generally referred to as “FATCA”), when applicable, willimpose a U.S. federal withholding tax of 30% on payments of dividends on, and (for dispositions after December 31, 2018) gross proceeds from dispositions of, ourcommon stock that are held through “foreign financial institutions” (which is broadly defined for this purpose and in general includes investment vehicles) andcertain other nonU.S. entities unless various U.S. information reporting and due diligence requirements (generally relating to ownership by U.S. persons of certaininterests in or accounts with those entities) have been satisfied or an exemption applies. An intergovernmental agreement between the United States and anapplicable foreign country may modify these requirements. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the effect, if any, of the FATCA provisions ontheir particular circumstances.78Table of ContentsInformation Reporting and Backup WithholdingPayments of dividends or of proceeds on the disposition of stock made to a holder of our common stock may be subject to information reporting and backupwithholding at a current rate of 24% unless such holder provides a correct taxpayer identification number on IRS Form W9 (or other appropriate withholding form)or establishes an exemption from backup withholding, for example by properly certifying the holder’s nonU.S. status on a Form W8BEN, Form W8BENE oranother appropriate version of IRS Form W8. Payments of dividends to holders must generally be reported annually to the IRS, along with the name and address ofthe holder and the amount of tax withheld, if any. A similar report is sent to the holder. Pursuant to applicable income tax treaties or other agreements, the IRS maymake these reports available to tax authorities in the holder’s country of residence.Backup withholding is not an additional tax; rather, the U.S. income tax liability of persons subject to backup withholding will be reduced by the amount of taxwithheld. If withholding results in an overpayment of taxes, a refund or credit may generally be obtained from the IRS, provided that the required information isfurnished to the IRS in a timely manner.F.Dividends and Paying AgentsNot applicable.G.Statement by ExpertsNot applicable.H.Documents on DisplayWe have filed this annual report on Form 20F with the SEC under the Exchange Act. Statements made in this report as to the contents of any document referred toare not necessarily complete. With respect to each such document filed as an exhibit to this report, reference is made to the exhibit for a more complete description ofthe matter involved, and each such statement shall be deemed qualified in its entirety by such reference.We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act as a foreign private issuer and file reports and other information with the SEC. Reports andother information filed by us with the SEC, including this report, may be inspected and copied at the public reference room of the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E.,Washington D.C. 20549. You can also obtain copies of this report by mail from the Public Reference Section of the SEC, 100 F. Street, N.E., Washington D.C. 20549, atprescribed rates. Additionally, copies of this material may be obtained from the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. The SEC’s telephone number is 1800SEC0330. In accordance with NASDAQ Stock Market Rule 5250(d), we will also post this annual report on Form 20F on our website at www.kbsfashion.com.As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of quarterly reports and proxy statements,and officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and shortswing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the ExchangeAct.I.Subsidiary InformationNot applicable.ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKInterest Rate RiskWe deposit surplus funds with Chinese banks earning daily interest. We do not invest in any instruments for trading purposes. Most of our outstanding debtinstruments carry fixed rates of interest. Our operations generally are not directly sensitive to fluctuations in interest rates and we currently do not have any longterm debt outstanding. Management monitors the banks’ prime rates in conjunction with our cash requirements to determine the appropriate level of debt balancesrelative to other sources of funds. We have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to interest rate risk.79Table of ContentsForeign Exchange RiskWhile our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar, substantially all of our consolidated revenues and consolidated costs and expenses are denominated in RMB.Substantially all of our assets are denominated in RMB. As a result, we are exposed to foreign exchange risk as our revenues and results of operations may beaffected by fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the RMB. If the RMB depreciates against the U.S. dollar, the value of our RMB revenues,earnings and assets as expressed in our U.S. dollar financial statements will decline. Assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates at the balance sheet datesand revenue and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates and equity is translated at historical exchange rates. Any resulting translation adjustmentsare not included in determining net income but are included in determining other comprehensive income, a component of equity. An average appreciation(depreciation) of the RMB against the U.S. dollar of 5% would increase (decrease) our comprehensive income by $0.93 million based on our outstanding revenues,costs and expenses, assets and liabilities denominated in RMB as of December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2018, our accumulated other comprehensive income was$1.8 million. We have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign exchange risk.The value of RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies is affected by, among other things, changes in China’s political and economic conditions. Since July2005, RMB has not been pegged to the U.S. dollar. Although the People’s Bank of China regularly intervenes in the foreign exchange market to prevent significantshortterm fluctuations in the exchange rate, RMB may appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the medium to long term. Moreover, itis possible that in the future, PRC authorities may lift restrictions on fluctuations in RMB exchange rate and lessen intervention in the foreign exchange market.InflationInflationary factors such as increases in the cost of our product and overhead costs may adversely affect our operating results. Although we do not believe thatinflation has had a material impact on our financial position or results of operations to date, a high rate of inflation in the future may have an adverse effect on ourability to maintain current levels of gross margin and selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net revenues if the selling prices of ourproducts do not increase with these increased costs.ITEM 12.DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIESA.Debt SecuritiesNot applicable.B.Warrants and RightsNot applicable.C.Other SecuritiesNot applicable.D.American Depositary SharesWe do not have any American Depositary Shares.80Table of ContentsPART IIITEM 13.DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIESNone.ITEM 14.MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDSNone.ITEM 15.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURESA.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresAn evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2018, was made under the supervision and with the participation ofour management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based on that evaluation, we concluded that our disclosure controls andprocedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms.B.Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a15(f) underthe Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding thereliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS and includes those policies and procedures that (1)pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of a company’s assets, (2) providereasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally acceptedaccounting principles, and that a company’s receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of a company’s management anddirectors, and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of a company’s assets thatcould have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.Because of its inherent limitations, a system of internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to consolidated financialstatement preparation and presentation and may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods aresubject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures maydeteriorate.As required by Section 404 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 and related rules as promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission, our managementassessed the effectiveness of the our internal control over the financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, using criteria established in Internal Control — IntegratedFramework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment using those criteria, our managementconcluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2018.C.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting FirmBecause the Company is a nonaccelerated filer, this annual report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internalcontrol over financial reporting.81Table of ContentsD.Changes in Internal Controls over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the year endedDecember 31, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.ITEM 16A.AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERTThe audit committee of our board of directors currently consists of three members, Matthew C. Los (who serves as chairman), John Sano andYuet Mei Chan. Ourboard of directors has determined that all of our audit committee members are “independent” under the Exchange Act and have the requisite financial knowledgeand experience to serve as members of our audit committee. In addition, our board of directors has determined that Matthew C. Los is an “audit committee financialexpert” as defined in Item 16A of the Instructions to Form 20F and meets NASDAQ’s financial sophistication requirements due to his current and past experience invarious companies in which he was responsible for, amongst others, the financial oversight responsibilities.ITEM 16B.CODE OF ETHICSOn October 25, 2014, our Audit Committee adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to all of the directors, officers and employees of the Company and its subsidiaries,including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer. The Code of Ethics addresses, among other things, honesty andethical conduct, conflicts of interest, compliance with laws, regulations and policies, including disclosure requirements under the federal securities laws,confidentiality, trading on inside information, and reporting of violations of the code. A copy of the Code of Ethics is filed as Exhibit 11.1 to the annual report onForm 20F filed on October 27, 2015 and is also available on our website at www.kbsfashion.com. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, there were nowaivers of our Code of Ethics.ITEM 16C.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICESThe following table sets forth the aggregate fees by categories specified below in connection with services rendered by our principal external auditors for theperiods indicated.Fiscal Year EndedDecember 31,20182017Audit Fees*$120,000$110,000AuditRelated FeesTax FeesTOTAL$120,000$110,000*“Audit Fees” consisted of the aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements or services that arenormally provided by the accountant in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.Our Audit Committee preapproves all auditing services and permitted nonaudit services to be performed for us by our independent auditor, including the fees andterms thereof (subject to the de minimums exceptions for nonaudit services described in Section 10A(i)(l)(B) of the Exchange Act that are approved by our AuditCommittee prior to the completion of the audit). The percentage of services provided for which we paid auditrelated fees, tax fees, or other fees that were approvedby our Audit Committee pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(i)(C) of Rule 201 of Regulation SX promulgated by the SEC was 100%.ITEM 16D.EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEESPrior to July 10, 2017, in lieu of an audit committee comprised of three independent directors, our audit committee was comprised of two independent members of ourboard of directors. On July 10, 2017, the board of directors appointed Ms. Yuet Mei Chan as an independent director and a member of the audit committee. As aresult, we are in full compliance with the Nasdaq listing rules for the audit committee.82Table of ContentsITEM 16E.PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERSThere were no purchases of equity securities made by or on behalf of us or any “affiliated purchaser” as defined in Rule 10b18 of the Exchange Act during theperiod covered by this Annual Report.ITEM 16F.CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANTNone.ITEM 16G.CORPORATE GOVERNANCEWe were incorporated in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (“RMI”) and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable RMI law, our articles ofincorporation and bylaws. In addition, because our common stock is listed on NASDAQ, we are subject to NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements.NASDAQ Listing Rule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600,provided that such foreign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes thehome country practice followed in lieu of such requirement. The home country practices that we follow in lieu of NASDAQ’s corporate governance rules are asfollows:●we currently do not have a nominating committee or a compensation committee;●we did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in fiscal 2018; however, we may, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issuesthat require shareholders’ approvals; and●in lieu of obtaining shareholder approval prior to the adoption of an agreement pursuant to which stock may be acquired by officers, directors, employeesor consultants, the board of directors approves such adoption.ITEM 16H.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURENot applicable.83Table of ContentsPART IIIITEM 17.FINANCIAL STATEMENTSWe have elected to provide financial statement pursuant to Item 18.ITEM 18.FINANCIAL STATEMENTSThe financial statements are filed as part of this annual report beginning on page F1.ITEM 19.EXHIBITSExhibit No.Description1.1Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Amendment No. 4 to the registrant’s RegistrationStatement on Form F1 filed on October 24, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).1.2Articles of Amendment, filed with the Office of the Registrar of Corporations of Republic of the Marshall Islands on October 31, 2014(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant on October 27, 2015)1.3Articles of Amendment, filed with the Office of the Registrar of Corporations of Republic of the Marshall Islands on February 3, 2017(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Report on Form 6K furnished by the registrant on February 3, 2017)1.4Bylaws as amended on September 22, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.3 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant onOctober 27, 2015)2.1Specimen of Unit Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant on October 27,2015)2.2Specimen of Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant onOctober 27, 2015)2.3Specimen of Public Redeemable Warrant Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.3 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by theregistrant on October 27, 2015)2.4Specimen Placement Unit Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Amendment No. 3 to the registrant’s Registration Statement onForm F1 filed on October 15, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).2.5Specimen Placement Warrant Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Amendment No. 1 to the registrant’s RegistrationStatement on Form F1 filed on June 5, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).2.6Form of Warrant Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Amendment No. 4 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on FormF1 filed on October 24, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).2.7Form of Unit Purchase Option (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the Amendment No. 3 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on FormF1 filed on October 15, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).4.1Form of Registration Rights Agreement among the Registrant and the founders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Amendment No. 1to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F1 filed on June 5, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).4.2Form of Placement Unit Purchase Agreement between the registrant and the founders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the AmendmentNo. 4 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F1 filed on October 24, 2012 (Commission File No. 333180571)).4.3Share Exchange Agreement and Plan of Liquidation, dated March 24, 2014, by and among Aquasition Corp., KBS International Holdings, Inc.,Hongri International Holdings Limited, Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registration Reporton Form 6K filed by the registrant on April 4, 2014)4.4Frist Amendment to Share Exchange Agreement and Plan of Liquidation, dated June 21, 2014 by and among Aquasition Corp., KBS InternationalHoldings, Inc., Hongri International Holdings Limited, Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (D)(3) toAmendment No.4 to the Schedule TO filed by the registrant on July 9, 2014)4.5Voting Agreement , dated August 1, 2014, by and among Aquasition Corp., Aquasition Investments Corp., Cheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to Shell Company Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant on August 7, 2014)84Table of ContentsExhibit No.Description4.6Form of Resale LockUp Agreement, dated August 1, 2014, by and among Aquasition Corp., Aquasition Investments Corp., Cheung So Wa, ChanSun Keung and other named parties(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.12 to Shell Company Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant onAugust 7, 2014)4.7Employee Agreement with Keyan Yan, dated August 1, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.13 to Shell Company Report on Form 20F filedby the registrant on August 7, 2014)4.8Employee Agreement with Lixia Tu, dated June 25, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.12 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by theregistrant on October 27, 2015)4.92018 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S8 filed by the registrant on December27, 2018)8.1List of the registrant’s subsidiaries (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 8.1 to Shell Company Report on Form 20F filed by the registrant onAugust 7, 2014)11.1Code of Ethics, adopted on October 25, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 11.1 to the Annual Report on Form 20F filed by the registranton October 27, 2015)12.1Certifications of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a14(a) or Rule 15d1(a)12.2Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a14(a) or Rule 15d1(a)13.1Certifications of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 200213.2Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 200215.1Consent from WWC, P.C., Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm101.INSXBRL Instance Document101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document85Table of ContentsSIGNATUREThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned tosign this report on its behalf. Date: April 30, 2019KBS FASHION GROUP LIMITED/s/ Keyan YanKeyan YanChief Executive Officer86Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Financial StatementsFor the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016(Stated in US dollars)Table of ContentsCONTENTSPAGESREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMF2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/ (LOSS)F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITIONF4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITYF5CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSF6 – F7NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF8 – F59F1Table of ContentsREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo:The Board of Directors and Stockholders ofKBS Fashion Group LimitedOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of KBS Fashion Group Limited (the Company) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017,and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the threeyearperiod ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, inall material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of theyears in the threeyear period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International AccountingStandards Board.Emphasis of MatterThe Company incurred significant losses during the year ended December 31, 2018. The losses were related to the sale of products at discounted prices andimpairment loss charged during the year. During the year, the Company completed its cash management strategy that was put in place in 2017.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required tobe independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ WWC, P.C.WWC, P.C.Certified Public AccountantsWe have served as the Company’s auditor since April 25, 2016.San Mateo, CaliforniaApril 30, 2019F2Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income/ (Loss)For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016(Stated in U.S. Dollars)Year ended December 31,Notes201820172016Revenue818,535,11523,762,53641,200,205Cost of sales9(20,851,252)(35,274,352)(39,041,932)Gross (loss)/profit(2,316,137)(11,511,816)2,158,273Other income10122,139461,564555,051Other gains and (losses)11(13,522,300)(122,243)(11,123,767)Distribution and selling expenses12(2,670,955)(3,265,380)(3,606,010)Administrative expenses13(4,907,020)(4,879,397)(3,543,993)Loss from operations(23,294,273)(19,317,272)(15,560,446)Finance costs14(96,444)(96,385)(71,783)Change in fair value of warrant liabilities313,409Loss before tax(23,390,717)(19,413,657)(15,628,820)Income tax income155,422,1194,598,0613,726,133Loss for the year16(17,968,598)(14,815,596)(11,902,687)Other comprehensive (loss) incomecurrency translation differences(3,071,697)4,810,715(6,125,433)Total comprehensive loss for the year(21,040,295)(10,004,881)(18,028,120)Loss per share of common stock attributable to the CompanyBasic19(8.06)(7.96)(6.80)Diluted19(8.06)(7.96)(6.80)Weighted average shares outstanding:Basic192,229,9151,860,8311,750,142Diluted192,229,9151,860,8311,750,142The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F3Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Financial PositionAs at December 31, 2018, and 2017(Stated in U.S. Dollars)As of December 31,Notes20182017Noncurrent assetsProperty, plant and equipmentnet2012,173,80827,824,523Prepayments and premiums under operating leases212,371,7352,568,199Prepayment for construction of new plant22Prepayment for acquisition of land use right23Land use rights24603,503648,652Deferred tax assets1514,688,8299,924,94429,837,87540,966,318Current assetsInventories251,245,8001,806,212Trade receivables268,122,22310,501,543Other receivables and prepayments26855,4731,901,268Subsidies prepaid to distributorsPrepayments and premiums under operating leases2178,53283,907Cash and cash equivalents2721,026,10326,050,45631,328,13140,343,386Total assets61,166,00681,309,704Current liabilitiesShort term bank loans301,092,7831,606,930Trade and other payables285,278,4605,451,830Related parties payables29445,614154,137Contract liabilities47,82869,6126,864,6857,282,509Noncurrent liabilityWarrant liabilities31Total liabilities6,864,6857,282,509EquityShare capital32227198Share premium328,000,5616,686,169Revaluation reserve33184,272184,272Statutory surplus reserve336,084,8366,084,836Retained profits3346,178,21364,146,811Foreign currency translation reserve33(6,146,788)(3,075,091)54,301,32174,027,195Total liabilities and equity61,166,00681,309,704The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F4Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Changes in EquityFor the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016(Stated in U.S. Dollars)ForeignStatutorycurrencyShareShareRevaluationsurplusRetainedtranslationcapitalpremiumreservereserveprofitsreserveTotal(Note 32)(Note 32)(Note 33)(Note 33)(Note 33)(Note 33)Balance at January 1, 20161705,627,2476,069,45790,880,473(1,760,373)100,816,974Reclassification of revaluation surplus184,272184,272Shares issued for stockbased compensation7428,993429,000Loss for the year(11,902,687)(11,902,687)Other comprehensive loss for the year(6,125,433)(6,125,433)Appropriation to statutory surplus reserve15,379(15,379)Balance at December 31, 20161776,056,240184,2726,084,83678,962,407(7,885,806)83,402,126Shares issued for stockbased compensation21629,929629,950Loss for the year(14,815,596)(14,815,596)Other comprehensive income for the year4,810,7154,810,715Balance at December 31, 20171986,686,169184,2726,084,83664,146,811(3,075,091)74,027,195Shares issued for stockbased compensation291,314,3921,314,421Loss for the year(17,968,598)(17,968,598)Other comprehensive loss for the year(3,071,697)(3,071,697)Balance at December 31, 20182278,000,561184,2726,084,83646,178,213(6,146,788)54,301,321The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F5Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Cash FlowsFor the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016(Stated in U.S. Dollars)Year ended December 31,201820172016OPERATING ACTIVITIESLoss for the year(17,968,598)(14,815,596)(11,902,687)Adjustments for:Sharebased payment1,314,420629,950429,000Finance cost96,44496,38571,783Change in fair value of warrant liabilities(3,409)Interest income(71,693)(81,517)(85,482)Depreciation of property, plant and equipment1,521,7251,510,2131,942,735Amortization of prepaid lease payments and trademark14,54514,30719,009Amortization of subsidies prepaid to distributors401,259910,537Amortization of prepayments and premiums under operating leases107,088105,340118,783Provision/(reversal) of inventory obsolescence196,124101,256(1,667)Bad debt provision of trade receivables331,196Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment9402,4181,441Provision of impairment loss in property, plant and equipment13,311,557Provision of impairment loss in prepayments11,649,038Operating cash flows before movements in working capital(1,477,448)(12,035,985)3,480,277Decrease in trade and other receivables1,941,33613,983,7817,265,940Decrease in inventories294,204669,923889,384Increase/(decrease) in trade and other payables2,036522,839(1,080,978)(Decrease)/increase in income tax payable(263,333)155,632Increase in deferred tax assets(5,422,119)(4,598,061)(3,779,923)Prepayments and premiums paid under operating leases958,6383,645,471(1,761,155)Subsidies prepaid to distributors(910,537)CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES(3,703,353)1,924,6354,258,640Income tax paid(2,385)(1,064,351)NET CASH FROM/(USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES(3,703,353)1,922,2503,194,289INVESTING ACTIVITIESInterest received71,69381,51785,482Purchase of property, plant and equipment(18,761)(946,882)(40,037)NET CASH FROM/(USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES52,932(865,365)45,445The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F6Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedConsolidated Statements of Cash FlowsFor the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016(Stated in U.S. Dollars)Year ended December 31,201820172016FINANCING ACTIVITIESInterest paid(96,444)(96,385)(71,783)New bank loans raised1,130,8401,557,3361,578,289Repayment of borrowings(1,583,175)(1,557,336)Advance from related party299,542387,030173,003Repayment to related party(7,633)(1,386,555)NET CASH FROM/(USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES(256,870)(1,095,910)1,679,509NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS(3,907,291)(39,025)4,919,243Effects of currency translation(1,117,062)1,513,140(1,556,982)CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF YEAR26,050,45624,576,34121,214,080CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR21,026,10326,050,45624,576,341The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.F7Table of ContentsKBS Fashion Group LimitedNotes to Financial Statements1.GENERAL INFORMATIONOn January 26, 2012, Aquasition Investments Corp (“Company”) was organized as a blank check company pursuant to the laws of the Republic of theMarshall Islands for the purpose of acquiring through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, or similar acquisition transaction,one or more operating businesses or assets.On March 24, 2014, the Company entered into a Share Exchange Agreement and Plan of Liquidation (the “Agreement”) among KBS International Holdings,Inc. (“KBS”), a Nevada corporation, Hongri International Holdings Ltd (“Hongri”), a company organized under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, andCheung So Wa and Chan Sun Keung, the principal shareholders of KBS.On August 1, 2014, the share exchange was completed. In order to align with the brand and operations of the entities acquired pursuant to the Agreement,the Company changed its name fro